{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":5.19,"endTime":8.19,"body":"Welcome back to the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":5.19,"endTime":8.19,"body":"Tuesday edition of the Garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":8.19,"endTime":12.69,"body":"Basics with Farmer Fred podcast."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":8.19,"endTime":12.69,"body":"Unlike the Friday edition, we're"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":12.69,"endTime":15.84,"body":"dedicating the Tuesday podcast"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":12.69,"endTime":15.84,"body":"to answering your garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":15.84,"endTime":19.65,"body":"questions. Stay tuned to find"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":15.84,"endTime":19.65,"body":"out how you can get your garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":19.65,"endTime":23.64,"body":"questions into the program. So"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":19.65,"endTime":23.64,"body":"come on, let's do this."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":25.61,"endTime":27.95,"body":"We like to answer your garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":25.61,"endTime":27.95,"body":"questions here on the Garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":27.95,"endTime":31.64,"body":"Basics podcast. Debbie Flower is"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":27.95,"endTime":31.64,"body":"herem America's favorite retired"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":31.64,"endTime":34.46,"body":"college horticultural professor."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":31.64,"endTime":34.46,"body":"And if you have a garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":34.46,"endTime":37.16,"body":"question you'd like answered,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":34.46,"endTime":37.16,"body":"there's a lot of ways to get"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":37.16,"endTime":43.31,"body":"them in. You can call or text us"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":37.16,"endTime":43.31,"body":"at 916-292-8964. You can leave"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":43.31,"endTime":47.42,"body":"an audio question without making"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":43.31,"endTime":47.42,"body":"a phone call via speakpipe. Go"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":47.42,"endTime":52.22,"body":"to speakpipe.com/gardenbasics."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":47.42,"endTime":52.22,"body":"E-mail is fine, too. Send it to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":52.22,"endTime":57.26,"body":"Fred at farmerfred.com. Or you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":52.22,"endTime":57.26,"body":"can fill out the contact box at"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":57.26,"endTime":62.0,"body":"GardenBasics.net. And you can"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":57.26,"endTime":62.0,"body":"find the same information in the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":62.0,"endTime":65.75,"body":"show notes and in just about"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":62.0,"endTime":65.75,"body":"every episode as well. So don't"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":65.75,"endTime":70.01,"body":"write and drive! Thank you very"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":65.75,"endTime":70.01,"body":"much. All righty. Evan writes us"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":70.01,"endTime":73.64,"body":"from San Jose, which is south of"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":70.01,"endTime":73.64,"body":"San Francisco, a very mild"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":73.64,"endTime":78.2,"body":"climate that used to be an area"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":73.64,"endTime":78.2,"body":"of a lot of fruit orchards, way"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":78.2,"endTime":82.16,"body":"back when. Now it's the tech hub"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":78.2,"endTime":82.16,"body":"with million dollar, two bedroom"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":82.16,"endTime":86.96,"body":"homes. All right. Go figure."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":82.16,"endTime":86.96,"body":"Anyway, Evan writes, \"I live in"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":86.96,"endTime":90.86,"body":"San Jose and in my backyard, I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":86.96,"endTime":90.86,"body":"have a very small patch of grass"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":90.86,"endTime":94.16,"body":"that is around 200 square feet."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":90.86,"endTime":94.16,"body":"I want to keep this patch"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":94.16,"endTime":98.27,"body":"because my daughter practices"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":94.16,"endTime":98.27,"body":"her gymnastics on it. But in the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":98.27,"endTime":102.17,"body":"rainy season, it becomes a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":98.27,"endTime":102.17,"body":"swampy bog, so I have to fight"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":102.17,"endTime":105.41,"body":"the moisture for a few months."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":102.17,"endTime":105.41,"body":"During that period, I tend to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":105.44,"endTime":109.82,"body":"aerate it with my fork quite a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":105.44,"endTime":109.82,"body":"bit. Usually I spend 15 minutes"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":109.85,"endTime":114.41,"body":"aerating it each week to help it"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":109.85,"endTime":114.41,"body":"dry out and  de-compact it. I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":114.41,"endTime":117.53,"body":"usually only disturb the top"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":114.41,"endTime":117.53,"body":"four to six inches of the soil."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":117.62,"endTime":121.34,"body":"But I'm starting to worry that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":117.62,"endTime":121.34,"body":"I'm doing too much. Is it"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":121.34,"endTime":124.73,"body":"possible to aerate the lawn too"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":121.34,"endTime":124.73,"body":"much? Can you recommend any"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":124.73,"endTime":129.02,"body":"non-destructive ways to fight"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":124.73,"endTime":129.02,"body":"moisture and compaction? On a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":129.02,"endTime":133.58,"body":"small lawn?\" My first comment to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":129.02,"endTime":133.58,"body":"Evan is, if you're using a fork,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":133.73,"endTime":137.51,"body":"you're not aerating the soil."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":133.73,"endTime":137.51,"body":"You are compacting it."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":137.54,"endTime":139.04,"body":"Yeah, you're"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":137.54,"endTime":139.04,"body":"creating holes, but pushing the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":139.04,"endTime":141.47,"body":"soil to the side which is"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":139.04,"endTime":141.47,"body":"causing compaction on either"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":141.47,"endTime":145.37,"body":"side of that. And maybe creating"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":141.47,"endTime":145.37,"body":"more of a drainage issue. I"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":145.37,"endTime":149.36,"body":"assume he's having success, or"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":145.37,"endTime":149.36,"body":"he wouldn't be doing this over"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":149.36,"endTime":150.56,"body":"and over and over again."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":150.8,"endTime":154.28,"body":"Well, he says it's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":150.8,"endTime":154.28,"body":"a fork, but doesn't give details"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":154.28,"endTime":155.69,"body":"about  the fork."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":155.0,"endTime":158.78,"body":"I'm picturing a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":155.0,"endTime":158.78,"body":"garden fork. Yeah. And that's"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":158.78,"endTime":165.56,"body":"just just tines. Yes, aeration"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":158.78,"endTime":165.56,"body":"should be done with tubes,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":165.68,"endTime":170.09,"body":"hollow tubes that take out a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":165.68,"endTime":170.09,"body":"chunk of the soil and whatever"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":170.09,"endTime":173.81,"body":"roots are in it. And they look"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":170.09,"endTime":173.81,"body":"if you've ever seen goose poop,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":174.8,"endTime":177.23,"body":"what they take out of the hole"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":174.8,"endTime":177.23,"body":"when they're aerated with a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":177.23,"endTime":179.66,"body":"hollow tine aerator looks like"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":177.23,"endTime":179.66,"body":"goose poop."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":180.08,"endTime":183.59,"body":"Yeah,  if you want"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":180.08,"endTime":183.59,"body":"to aerate, I still like the idea"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":183.59,"endTime":187.91,"body":"of renting a power aerator"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":183.59,"endTime":187.91,"body":"because  as it picks out those"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":187.91,"endTime":193.52,"body":"cores of soil, the device also"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":187.91,"endTime":193.52,"body":"eject them on top of the soil."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":193.7,"endTime":197.0,"body":"And you want to be able to do"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":193.7,"endTime":197.0,"body":"that. I think with a hand"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":197.0,"endTime":200.93,"body":"aerator, it's two motions. You"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":197.0,"endTime":200.93,"body":"punch down, and then when you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":200.93,"endTime":203.72,"body":"bring it back up, you have to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":200.93,"endTime":203.72,"body":"eject the cores of soil."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":204.14,"endTime":204.92,"body":"It's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":204.14,"endTime":204.92,"body":"work."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":204.95,"endTime":206.72,"body":"It's a lot of work"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":204.95,"endTime":206.72,"body":"and Evan, you're working too"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":206.72,"endTime":207.05,"body":"hard."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":207.03,"endTime":210.706,"body":"Right.  You use a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":207.03,"endTime":210.706,"body":"hollow tine aerator of some sort"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":210.779,"endTime":214.897,"body":"to aerate the soil. Then you"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":210.779,"endTime":214.897,"body":"want to collect those goose"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":214.971,"endTime":219.235,"body":"poops, that are about the size"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":214.971,"endTime":219.235,"body":"of my pinky finger, perhaps"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":219.309,"endTime":223.353,"body":"three inches long and maybe a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":219.309,"endTime":223.353,"body":"quarter to a half an inch"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":223.426,"endTime":227.985,"body":"across. Then smash them up so"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":223.426,"endTime":227.985,"body":"that they're just loose soil and"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":228.059,"endTime":232.691,"body":"then rake them in over the top."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":228.059,"endTime":232.691,"body":"Or rake in some sand. Something"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":232.764,"endTime":237.47,"body":"that would hold those holes open"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":232.764,"endTime":237.47,"body":"and allow air and water to move"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":237.544,"endTime":238.5,"body":"through them."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":238.51,"endTime":240.67,"body":"And I guess you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":238.51,"endTime":240.67,"body":"could do that with a spreader of"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":240.67,"endTime":243.49,"body":"some sort. I know that in a lot"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":240.67,"endTime":243.49,"body":"of situations where you're"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":243.49,"endTime":247.3,"body":"rehabbing a lawn, and you're"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":243.49,"endTime":247.3,"body":"dethatching and aerating, that's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":247.3,"endTime":250.24,"body":"the other thing you might"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":247.3,"endTime":250.24,"body":"consider, too,  is dethatching"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":250.24,"endTime":256.81,"body":"your lawn. But people who have a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":250.24,"endTime":256.81,"body":"rhizomatous... is that a word?"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":257.98,"endTime":263.74,"body":"Thank you. Rhizomatous or"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":257.98,"endTime":263.74,"body":"stoloniferous lawn... that can"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":263.74,"endTime":267.37,"body":"tend to build up a lot of dead"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":263.74,"endTime":267.37,"body":"material below the surface that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":267.37,"endTime":271.06,"body":"you don't ever see, until you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":267.37,"endTime":271.06,"body":"bring in a dethatcher. And all"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":271.06,"endTime":275.14,"body":"of a sudden you've got two cubic"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":271.06,"endTime":275.14,"body":"yards of dead lawn material  to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":275.53,"endTime":279.04,"body":"dispose of. And that can help"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":275.53,"endTime":279.04,"body":"drainage quite a bit as well."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":279.07,"endTime":281.65,"body":"So those typical"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":279.07,"endTime":281.65,"body":"grasses that would have that"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":281.65,"endTime":289.0,"body":"problem are bluegrass, Bermuda"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":281.65,"endTime":289.0,"body":"grass, and  creeping red fescue."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":289.69,"endTime":292.54,"body":"Yes, that's why"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":289.69,"endTime":292.54,"body":"it's usually a creeping grass."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":293.32,"endTime":293.83,"body":"Exactly."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":293.83,"endTime":295.42,"body":"Yeah, they fill"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":293.83,"endTime":295.42,"body":"in really well. If you're a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":295.42,"endTime":298.3,"body":"golfer. You would love that"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":295.42,"endTime":298.3,"body":"because it fills in your divots"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":298.3,"endTime":301.39,"body":"you make but it's a harder grass"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":298.3,"endTime":301.39,"body":"to maintain because of those"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":301.42,"endTime":304.48,"body":"stems that crawl across the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":301.42,"endTime":304.48,"body":"surface and under the surface of"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":304.48,"endTime":304.99,"body":"the soil."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":305.2,"endTime":307.78,"body":"Fortunately Evan,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":305.2,"endTime":307.78,"body":"it's only 200 square feet. And"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":307.78,"endTime":311.11,"body":"maybe you can get through what"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":307.78,"endTime":311.11,"body":"you're calling the aeration"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":311.11,"endTime":315.1,"body":"process in 15 minutes a week."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":311.11,"endTime":315.1,"body":"But I have a funny feeling"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":315.1,"endTime":316.63,"body":"you're just compacting the soil."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":316.62,"endTime":319.042,"body":"Right. My first"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":316.62,"endTime":319.042,"body":"question after reading his"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":319.1,"endTime":322.503,"body":"question is what's causing the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":319.1,"endTime":322.503,"body":"flooding? Is the lawn in the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":322.561,"endTime":326.194,"body":"lowest  part of that  landscape"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":322.561,"endTime":326.194,"body":"so that water is flowing to it?"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":326.252,"endTime":329.54,"body":"Is it clay soil, so it just"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":326.252,"endTime":329.54,"body":"takes a longer time to drain?"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":329.598,"endTime":333.174,"body":"We're getting more storms that"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":329.598,"endTime":333.174,"body":"are dropping a lot of rain in a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":333.231,"endTime":336.808,"body":"short period of time. And clay"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":333.231,"endTime":336.808,"body":"soil absorbs water very slowly."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":336.865,"endTime":340.499,"body":"So is that the problem? Or is it"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":336.865,"endTime":340.499,"body":"a perched water table, meaning"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":340.557,"endTime":343.729,"body":"there are soils with two"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":340.557,"endTime":343.729,"body":"different types of textures on"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":343.787,"endTime":346.844,"body":"top of each other, which often"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":343.787,"endTime":346.844,"body":"happens in new housing"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":346.902,"endTime":350.535,"body":"developments. That's  because"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":346.902,"endTime":350.535,"body":"they scrape the land clear, then"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":350.593,"endTime":354.054,"body":"they build the houses and drive"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":350.593,"endTime":354.054,"body":"heavy equipment all over the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":354.112,"endTime":357.457,"body":"property around the house. And"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":354.112,"endTime":357.457,"body":"then they bring in, without"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":357.515,"endTime":361.206,"body":"touching that now compacted soil"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":357.515,"endTime":361.206,"body":"around the house, they bring in"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":361.264,"endTime":364.667,"body":"some sort of topsoil mix and"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":361.264,"endTime":364.667,"body":"throw sod on it. And so you've"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":364.725,"endTime":368.185,"body":"got the sod, which is always"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":364.725,"endTime":368.185,"body":"grown in a very loose soil, and"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":368.243,"endTime":371.819,"body":"then whatever they brought in,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":368.243,"endTime":371.819,"body":"which is typically a very loose"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":371.877,"endTime":375.107,"body":"soil, and then this very"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":371.877,"endTime":375.107,"body":"compacted soil beneath it. That"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":375.165,"endTime":377.933,"body":"would slow down water"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":375.165,"endTime":377.933,"body":"penetration. So if you can"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":377.991,"endTime":381.51,"body":"figure out what's causing the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":377.991,"endTime":381.51,"body":"problem, it's easier to fix it."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":381.51,"endTime":385.71,"body":"One way to do that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":381.51,"endTime":385.71,"body":"would be to take out a fairly"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":385.71,"endTime":392.07,"body":"sizable core of your existing"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":385.71,"endTime":392.07,"body":"lawn using a flat headed shovel."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":392.49,"endTime":396.93,"body":"And make a little square, maybe"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":392.49,"endTime":396.93,"body":"eight inches by eight inches by"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":396.93,"endTime":400.53,"body":"eight inches by eight inches,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":396.93,"endTime":400.53,"body":"and go down about eight inches,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":400.8,"endTime":404.67,"body":"and then bring up that whole"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":400.8,"endTime":404.67,"body":"block and see what it looks"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":404.76,"endTime":407.43,"body":"like. Look at the layers.  I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":404.76,"endTime":407.43,"body":"wouldn't be surprised that there"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":407.43,"endTime":410.55,"body":"is this layer of dead stuff"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":407.43,"endTime":410.55,"body":"right under the green stuff. And"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":410.55,"endTime":412.74,"body":"then you're going to have loose"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":410.55,"endTime":412.74,"body":"soil, and then you're going to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":412.74,"endTime":415.44,"body":"have the compacted soil, and you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":412.74,"endTime":415.44,"body":"want to see  how deep do the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":415.44,"endTime":418.68,"body":"roots go? And if the roots are"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":415.44,"endTime":418.68,"body":"just going around the top"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":418.68,"endTime":421.59,"body":"because, who wants to go into"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":418.68,"endTime":421.59,"body":"compacted soil? Okay, well, that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":421.59,"endTime":423.3,"body":"might be the issue right there,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":421.59,"endTime":423.3,"body":"right."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":422.94,"endTime":425.725,"body":"And the damp"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":422.94,"endTime":425.725,"body":"season is the time to do it."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":425.793,"endTime":430.141,"body":"Because the soil would be easier"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":425.793,"endTime":430.141,"body":"to dig in. It'll stick together"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":430.209,"endTime":434.49,"body":"better when you pull it out. So"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":430.209,"endTime":434.49,"body":"if that's the case, then you've"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":434.558,"endTime":438.634,"body":"got to create some penetration,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":434.558,"endTime":438.634,"body":"some breaks some open spaces"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":438.702,"endTime":442.983,"body":"between the top of the soil, the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":438.702,"endTime":442.983,"body":"stems we're talking about that"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":443.05,"endTime":447.399,"body":"you would aerate and dethatch to"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":443.05,"endTime":447.399,"body":"get rid of, and the soil below."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":447.467,"endTime":451.815,"body":"So vertical core aeration might"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":447.467,"endTime":451.815,"body":"fix that as your fork tines only"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":451.883,"endTime":455.824,"body":"go about four inches deep. So"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":451.883,"endTime":455.824,"body":"does vertical core aeration,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":455.892,"endTime":460.036,"body":"only go four inches deep. If"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":455.892,"endTime":460.036,"body":"that doesn't do the job. If your"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":460.104,"endTime":464.181,"body":"soil layers are deeper than"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":460.104,"endTime":464.181,"body":"that, the compacted one that you"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":464.248,"endTime":468.121,"body":"need to break open is deeper"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":464.248,"endTime":468.121,"body":"than that, then you're gonna"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":468.189,"endTime":472.47,"body":"have to dig holes in places and"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":468.189,"endTime":472.47,"body":"allow the water to drain there."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":473.01,"endTime":476.64,"body":"Yes, or"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":473.01,"endTime":476.64,"body":"hardscaping? Yes. Well, there's"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":476.37,"endTime":479.441,"body":"One other process"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":476.37,"endTime":479.441,"body":"that may work but it will take"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":476.64,"endTime":476.73,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":479.505,"endTime":483.281,"body":"years. Golf apparently was"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":479.505,"endTime":483.281,"body":"invented in Scotland. I am not a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":483.345,"endTime":487.185,"body":"golfer. Maybe your wife knows"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":483.345,"endTime":487.185,"body":"this. But according to my turf"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":487.249,"endTime":491.088,"body":"professor at UC Davis, Golf was"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":487.249,"endTime":491.088,"body":"invented in Scotland and the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":491.152,"endTime":494.864,"body":"best golf courses were right on"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":491.152,"endTime":494.864,"body":"the coast. I guess they're"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":494.928,"endTime":498.384,"body":"called the moors. I'm not"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":494.928,"endTime":498.384,"body":"positive about that. But the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":498.448,"endTime":502.607,"body":"reason they were so good is that"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":498.448,"endTime":502.607,"body":"the soil was quite well drained."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":502.671,"endTime":506.703,"body":"And sand would blow up from the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":502.671,"endTime":506.703,"body":"beaches below and basically the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":506.767,"endTime":510.863,"body":"sand top dressed the lawns every"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":506.767,"endTime":510.863,"body":"year, with just a little bit of"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":510.927,"endTime":514.766,"body":"sand, and that is healthy for a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":510.927,"endTime":514.766,"body":"lawn to top dress. There are"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":514.83,"endTime":518.478,"body":"reasons to do it. Usually the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":514.83,"endTime":518.478,"body":"reasons are to either apply"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":518.542,"endTime":522.318,"body":"nutrition in the form of a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":518.542,"endTime":522.318,"body":"compost or composted manure, and"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":522.382,"endTime":526.35,"body":"to fill in holes. If you've got"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":522.382,"endTime":526.35,"body":"a lumpy lawn, and you can fill"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":526.413,"endTime":530.125,"body":"in holes, you can do it every"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":526.413,"endTime":530.125,"body":"year, you can do it probably"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":530.189,"endTime":534.093,"body":"twice a year, but you're only"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":530.189,"endTime":534.093,"body":"applying a quarter to a half an"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":534.157,"endTime":537.869,"body":"inch of top dress. And the top"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":534.157,"endTime":537.869,"body":"dress soil needs to be very"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":537.933,"endTime":541.9,"body":"close to the soil the grass is"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":537.933,"endTime":541.9,"body":"already growing in. The texture"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":541.964,"endTime":545.932,"body":"of the two need to match. So you"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":541.964,"endTime":545.932,"body":"may have to buy topsoil. At a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":545.996,"endTime":549.964,"body":"topsoil place, you can mix it up"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":545.996,"endTime":549.964,"body":"to 1/3 to one half with sand,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":550.028,"endTime":553.675,"body":"horticultural sand, and just"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":550.028,"endTime":553.675,"body":"spread a layer of quarter to"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":553.739,"endTime":557.707,"body":"half inch over the whole lawn."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":553.739,"endTime":557.707,"body":"The grass will grow up into it,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":557.771,"endTime":561.675,"body":"it will root into it. And so"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":557.771,"endTime":561.675,"body":"over time, you're going to raise"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":561.739,"endTime":565.834,"body":"your lawn, the organic component"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":561.739,"endTime":565.834,"body":"of what you applied is going to"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":565.898,"endTime":569.61,"body":"break down, but the sand is"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":565.898,"endTime":569.61,"body":"going to stay there. So you're"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":569.674,"endTime":573.386,"body":"gonna raise your lawn maybe a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":569.674,"endTime":573.386,"body":"half an inch a year, and you"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":573.45,"endTime":576.33,"body":"might raise it right up out of"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":573.45,"endTime":576.33,"body":"that wet spot."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":576.6,"endTime":578.55,"body":"I have, I believe"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":576.6,"endTime":578.55,"body":"in the past,  written on the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":578.55,"endTime":582.24,"body":"Farmer Fred Rant blog page about"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":578.55,"endTime":582.24,"body":"rehabbing a lawn that included"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":582.27,"endTime":585.45,"body":"specific instructions on"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":582.27,"endTime":585.45,"body":"dethatching and aeration, as"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":585.45,"endTime":588.45,"body":"well as overseeding. And then"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":585.45,"endTime":588.45,"body":"covering with that top dress"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":588.45,"endTime":592.26,"body":"material. You can get some good"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":588.45,"endTime":592.26,"body":"ideas at the soil place on the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":592.26,"endTime":595.32,"body":"machinery that makes it a lot"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":592.26,"endTime":595.32,"body":"easier, like a bigger roller."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":595.35,"endTime":598.68,"body":"Actually, you probably want two"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":595.35,"endTime":598.68,"body":"rollers. If you're overseeding,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":598.71,"endTime":603.63,"body":"you got  one that's filled with"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":598.71,"endTime":603.63,"body":"water to get the seeds down into"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":603.63,"endTime":608.73,"body":"the soil, and then a rolling"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":603.63,"endTime":608.73,"body":"cage with small holes that you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":608.73,"endTime":612.69,"body":"fill with compost and roll it"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":608.73,"endTime":612.69,"body":"across the lawn. And it does a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":612.69,"endTime":616.26,"body":"very good job. And I have seen"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":612.69,"endTime":616.26,"body":"those at rental places.  Hey, a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":616.26,"endTime":619.98,"body":"good nursery will lend it to you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":616.26,"endTime":619.98,"body":"know, for the day. There you go."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":620.01,"endTime":624.27,"body":"Yeah, that's the way to do it."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":620.01,"endTime":624.27,"body":"But Evan, yeah, if you're doing"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":624.27,"endTime":627.21,"body":"it every week, for 15 minutes,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":624.27,"endTime":627.21,"body":"you're doing it way too much."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":627.21,"endTime":630.12,"body":"You throw out a phrase, Debbie"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":627.21,"endTime":630.12,"body":"of doing it, maybe twice a year."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":630.57,"endTime":635.01,"body":"All right. But again, you're"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":630.57,"endTime":635.01,"body":"removing cores. Unfortunately,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":635.58,"endTime":639.15,"body":"but I'm glad to say we're"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":635.58,"endTime":639.15,"body":"getting away from this scenario,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":639.15,"endTime":642.3,"body":"of when people have a garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":639.15,"endTime":642.3,"body":"problem. They go into a nursery"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":642.3,"endTime":647.01,"body":"and say, \"What can I buy to fix"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":642.3,"endTime":647.01,"body":"this?\" We were at a nursery"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":647.01,"endTime":651.99,"body":"yesterday. Yes. And we saw a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":647.01,"endTime":651.99,"body":"product that I would might think"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":651.99,"endTime":655.29,"body":"that a an employee who didn't"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":651.99,"endTime":655.29,"body":"know better or was trying to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":655.29,"endTime":658.14,"body":"make a sale might say, \"Yeah, we"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":655.29,"endTime":658.14,"body":"got something we can sell you."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":658.35,"endTime":662.46,"body":"It's a natural soil food for"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":658.35,"endTime":662.46,"body":"lawns and hard soils it it"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":662.46,"endTime":666.81,"body":"loosens compacted soil that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":662.46,"endTime":666.81,"body":"improves root penetration, mass"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":666.81,"endTime":671.55,"body":"and grass growth and also helps"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":666.81,"endTime":671.55,"body":"to stimulate microbial life and"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":671.55,"endTime":676.32,"body":"it's only 30 bucks.\" And, okay,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":671.55,"endTime":676.32,"body":"what's in it? Well, that's a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":676.32,"endTime":680.37,"body":"darn fine question. And we were"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":676.32,"endTime":680.37,"body":"looking at that bag yesterday. I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":680.37,"endTime":682.29,"body":"don't think we ever decided what"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":680.37,"endTime":682.29,"body":"was in it. Or were the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":682.29,"endTime":685.23,"body":"ingredients even listed in the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":682.29,"endTime":685.23,"body":"back.  I should check my notes"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":685.23,"endTime":685.71,"body":"on that."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":685.89,"endTime":688.71,"body":"I think it was"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":685.89,"endTime":688.71,"body":"sulfur and calcium. Yeah. And"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":688.71,"endTime":692.58,"body":"iron. Yeah, that's what it was."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":688.71,"endTime":692.58,"body":"It was micronutrients. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":693.3,"endTime":695.67,"body":"grass needs those, but it's not"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":693.3,"endTime":695.67,"body":"going to open your soil. The"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":695.67,"endTime":697.83,"body":"only kind of soil that this"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":695.67,"endTime":697.83,"body":"product will have any effect on"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":697.83,"endTime":700.92,"body":"his sodic soil. That is what"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":697.83,"endTime":700.92,"body":"it's called. And it's soil with"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":700.92,"endTime":705.48,"body":"salt in it. There are places"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":700.92,"endTime":705.48,"body":"where salt and I'm talking like"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":705.48,"endTime":708.84,"body":"table salt, but there are other"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":705.48,"endTime":708.84,"body":"salts as well. But tablesalt has"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":708.84,"endTime":712.14,"body":"sodium in it, where sodium"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":708.84,"endTime":712.14,"body":"naturally collects in the soil"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":712.32,"endTime":717.03,"body":"and binds it, making it tight."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":712.32,"endTime":717.03,"body":"Calcium can be applied to such"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":717.03,"endTime":721.44,"body":"soils. And it binds where the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":717.03,"endTime":721.44,"body":"sodium is, and releases the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":721.44,"endTime":725.58,"body":"sodium and opens up the soil."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":721.44,"endTime":725.58,"body":"And typically you apply calcium"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":725.58,"endTime":729.54,"body":"with sulfur because calcium will"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":725.58,"endTime":729.54,"body":"greatly change the pH or the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":729.87,"endTime":734.79,"body":"alkalinity and acidity of your"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":729.87,"endTime":734.79,"body":"soil. Sulfur will prevent that"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":734.79,"endTime":738.66,"body":"from happening with this"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":734.79,"endTime":738.66,"body":"application. So there's only one"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":738.66,"endTime":741.51,"body":"very limited situation where"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":738.66,"endTime":741.51,"body":"this product is going to do"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":741.51,"endTime":743.82,"body":"anything, other than provide"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":741.51,"endTime":743.82,"body":"nutrients."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":744.24,"endTime":748.17,"body":"You'd be better off"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":744.24,"endTime":748.17,"body":"spending your money on a fine"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":748.17,"endTime":751.17,"body":"compost and rolling that over"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":748.17,"endTime":751.17,"body":"the lawn. Yes."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":751.169,"endTime":753.852,"body":"And I was saying"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":751.169,"endTime":753.852,"body":"that this process, the top"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":753.915,"endTime":757.597,"body":"dressing, can be done twice a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":753.915,"endTime":757.597,"body":"year. I wouldn't dethatch and"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":755.77,"endTime":786.64,"body":"I love horticultural phenology."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":755.77,"endTime":786.64,"body":"And that's what that is. You do"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":757.659,"endTime":761.279,"body":"aerate more than once a year."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":757.659,"endTime":761.279,"body":"Okay. You want to do the top"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":761.341,"endTime":764.711,"body":"dressing when the grass is"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":761.341,"endTime":764.711,"body":"actively growing. I like to"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":764.774,"endTime":768.456,"body":"topdress  in spring when the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":764.774,"endTime":768.456,"body":"forsythia shrubs bloom. That's"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":768.518,"endTime":772.513,"body":"typically when the soil is warm"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":768.518,"endTime":772.513,"body":"enough for the spring weed seeds"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":772.575,"endTime":776.32,"body":"to germinate. And I like to top"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":772.575,"endTime":776.32,"body":"dress to cover up those baby"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":776.382,"endTime":779.94,"body":"seedlings so they can't find the"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":776.382,"endTime":779.94,"body":"sun and they don't grow."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":786.64,"endTime":790.12,"body":"garden chores based on what's in"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":786.64,"endTime":790.12,"body":"bloom  or what's happening in"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":790.12,"endTime":793.75,"body":"the garden. And the forsythia"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":790.12,"endTime":793.75,"body":"bloom usually happens in late"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":793.75,"endTime":793.99,"body":"winter."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":793.99,"endTime":797.5,"body":"Or early spring when the soil is"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":793.99,"endTime":797.5,"body":"just getting warm enough for"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":797.5,"endTime":801.1,"body":"things to germinate. Or you find"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":797.5,"endTime":801.1,"body":"you're mowing the lawn more"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":801.1,"endTime":801.46,"body":"often."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":801.49,"endTime":805.51,"body":"Yes, there's that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":801.49,"endTime":805.51,"body":"too. Again, most lawns, and we"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":805.51,"endTime":808.39,"body":"don't know what type of lawn"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":805.51,"endTime":808.39,"body":"Evan has. So it could be a cool"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":808.39,"endTime":810.64,"body":"season lawn. It could be a warm"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":808.39,"endTime":810.64,"body":"season lawn. Yes."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":810.88,"endTime":812.95,"body":"And in San Jose,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":810.88,"endTime":812.95,"body":"I would guess would be a cool"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":812.95,"endTime":813.73,"body":"season lawn."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":814.54,"endTime":818.17,"body":"yeah, but you never"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":814.54,"endTime":818.17,"body":"know.  So, Evan, stay off your"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":818.17,"endTime":818.62,"body":"lawn."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":819.4,"endTime":821.65,"body":"Yeah, don't walk"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":819.4,"endTime":821.65,"body":"on it when it's really wet. That"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":821.65,"endTime":823.45,"body":"compacts the soil in and of"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":821.65,"endTime":823.45,"body":"itself."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":824.14,"endTime":826.48,"body":"Exactly. Now, it"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":824.14,"endTime":826.48,"body":"should be moist when you do this"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":826.48,"endTime":830.53,"body":"work, but not so soggy, not too"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":826.48,"endTime":830.53,"body":"soggy. That would actually"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":830.53,"endTime":833.14,"body":"compact the soil. Because when"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":830.53,"endTime":833.14,"body":"you compact the soil, you're"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":833.14,"endTime":836.5,"body":"removing air, right? Air is a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":833.14,"endTime":836.5,"body":"necessity for root growth."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":836.53,"endTime":838.15,"body":"Yes, it is. Good"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":836.53,"endTime":838.15,"body":"luck."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":838.42,"endTime":840.37,"body":"There's a lot I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":838.42,"endTime":840.37,"body":"would do in this situation, I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":840.37,"endTime":844.93,"body":"think. Perhaps start over. Start"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":840.37,"endTime":844.93,"body":"over, get some professional"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":844.93,"endTime":847.87,"body":"equipment. I would first of all,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":844.93,"endTime":847.87,"body":"I'd dig out that chunk that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":847.87,"endTime":849.58,"body":"eight by eight inch chunk."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":849.61,"endTime":851.74,"body":"You got to know"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":849.61,"endTime":851.74,"body":"what's going on down there."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":851.77,"endTime":855.73,"body":"Yeah, identify the pest, if you"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":851.77,"endTime":855.73,"body":"will. If you do that send us a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":855.73,"endTime":856.18,"body":"picture."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":856.3,"endTime":858.97,"body":"Yeah, it could be"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":856.3,"endTime":858.97,"body":"the thatch layer that needs to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":858.97,"endTime":862.78,"body":"get removed, if you see a layer"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":858.97,"endTime":862.78,"body":"of dead stuff below the green"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":862.78,"endTime":866.08,"body":"stuff before it hits soil. If,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":862.78,"endTime":866.08,"body":"on the other hand, when you dig"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":866.08,"endTime":870.37,"body":"that out and it's just dripping"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":866.08,"endTime":870.37,"body":"water, well, then you've got a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":870.37,"endTime":873.4,"body":"watering issue. That could be"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":870.37,"endTime":873.4,"body":"the flow from your neighbor's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":873.4,"endTime":876.64,"body":"sprinklers or your own"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":873.4,"endTime":876.64,"body":"sprinklers. And it just may be"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":876.64,"endTime":880.24,"body":"as you said, Debbie, just a low"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":876.64,"endTime":880.24,"body":"lying area. But if it's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":880.24,"endTime":884.77,"body":"supporting a lawn, lawns are"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":880.24,"endTime":884.77,"body":"amazingly resilient."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":884.0,"endTime":887.99,"body":"They are. That's"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":884.0,"endTime":887.99,"body":"why people like them. You only"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":887.99,"endTime":890.33,"body":"have to know one set of"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":887.99,"endTime":890.33,"body":"instructions to care for a lawn."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":890.42,"endTime":894.56,"body":"Yes. Yeah, I suspect there's"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":890.42,"endTime":894.56,"body":"layers of soil in there that are"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":894.62,"endTime":897.59,"body":"impeding water flow. And if it"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":894.62,"endTime":897.59,"body":"smells, you really got a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":897.59,"endTime":901.1,"body":"problem. Yes, it smells like low"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":897.59,"endTime":901.1,"body":"tide. Or dead fish."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":901.1,"endTime":903.68,"body":"Yeah, that means"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":901.1,"endTime":903.68,"body":"your soil is getting way too"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":903.68,"endTime":907.07,"body":"much water. And so think about"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":903.68,"endTime":907.07,"body":"where the water is coming from"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":907.19,"endTime":911.06,"body":"and how much you're watering. It"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":907.19,"endTime":911.06,"body":"sounds like maybe you can turn"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":911.06,"endTime":913.64,"body":"off the sprinklers, if that's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":911.06,"endTime":913.64,"body":"the issue."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":913.64,"endTime":916.1,"body":"Yeah. And maybe"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":913.64,"endTime":916.1,"body":"your daughter needs a really"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":916.1,"endTime":918.17,"body":"nice mat or trampoline.."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":918.8,"endTime":922.07,"body":"Yeah, we don't want"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":918.8,"endTime":922.07,"body":"to discourage your daughter,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":922.07,"endTime":925.31,"body":"Evan, from practicing her"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":922.07,"endTime":925.31,"body":"gymnastics. But yeah, a mat."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":925.94,"endTime":929.42,"body":"That makes sense, a 200 square"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":925.94,"endTime":929.42,"body":"foot mat. right? Yeah. And you'd"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":929.42,"endTime":931.52,"body":"save yourself a lot of work, it"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":929.42,"endTime":931.52,"body":"would be a worthwhile"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":931.52,"endTime":932.51,"body":"investment, right?"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":932.72,"endTime":936.68,"body":"And then, when"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":932.72,"endTime":936.68,"body":"she's done, or moved on, you can"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":936.71,"endTime":940.25,"body":"raise that soil level and have a"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":936.71,"endTime":940.25,"body":"lawn or whatever you want to"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":940.25,"endTime":941.36,"body":"grow in that location."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":941.54,"endTime":943.28,"body":"Or, you can leave"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":941.54,"endTime":943.28,"body":"the mat there and sleep out"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":943.28,"endTime":946.76,"body":"there at night because your wife"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":943.28,"endTime":946.76,"body":"kicked you out. So  there's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":946.76,"endTime":950.12,"body":"always that. All right, so good"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":946.76,"endTime":950.12,"body":"luck with improving your lawn"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":950.12,"endTime":953.33,"body":"drainage there, Evan. Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":950.12,"endTime":953.33,"body":"writing in to the Garden Basics"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":953.33,"endTime":954.65,"body":"podcast, and thank you, Debbie."},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":954.71,"endTime":955.46,"body":"You're welcome,"},{"speaker":"Debbie Flower","startTime":954.71,"endTime":955.46,"body":"Fred."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":962.14,"endTime":964.09,"body":"We're talking with"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":962.14,"endTime":964.09,"body":"Anita Clevenger. Here in the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":964.09,"endTime":966.85,"body":"perennial plant section at the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":964.09,"endTime":966.85,"body":"Fair Oaks Horticulture Center."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":966.85,"endTime":970.69,"body":"And Steve from Granite Bay,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":966.85,"endTime":970.69,"body":"which is in Placer.County, just"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":970.69,"endTime":973.54,"body":"a little north of Sacramento"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":970.69,"endTime":973.54,"body":"writes in and says, \"I enjoy"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":973.54,"endTime":976.27,"body":"your podcast and presentations."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":973.54,"endTime":976.27,"body":"Who would you recommend I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":976.27,"endTime":980.65,"body":"contact with specific questions"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":976.27,"endTime":980.65,"body":"regarding my perennials? I tried"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":980.68,"endTime":985.75,"body":"online searches at ucanr.edu,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":980.68,"endTime":985.75,"body":"and local garden centers, but"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":985.75,"endTime":988.78,"body":"received varying answers. And"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":985.75,"endTime":988.78,"body":"this time of year I'm putting"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":988.78,"endTime":992.05,"body":"together frost sensitive lists"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":988.78,"endTime":992.05,"body":"and pruning lists of when and"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":992.05,"endTime":996.04,"body":"how much. I would appreciate any"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":992.05,"endTime":996.04,"body":"guidance you can provide.\""},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":996.16,"endTime":1000.39,"body":"Anita, since we're both Master"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":996.16,"endTime":1000.39,"body":"Gardeners with UC, at least we"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1000.39,"endTime":1002.58,"body":"know the research UC does is"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1000.39,"endTime":1002.58,"body":"verified."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1002.93,"endTime":1006.8,"body":"Yes, it is. And"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1002.93,"endTime":1006.8,"body":"this demonstration garden that"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1006.8,"endTime":1009.86,"body":"we're standing in the midst of,"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1006.8,"endTime":1009.86,"body":"at the Fair Oaks Horticulture"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1009.86,"endTime":1014.99,"body":"Center, has many plants that UC"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1009.86,"endTime":1014.99,"body":"recommends, they have their list"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1015.02,"endTime":1019.64,"body":"of all-star plants that are good"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1015.02,"endTime":1019.64,"body":"for Valley gardening, and we"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1019.64,"endTime":1023.33,"body":"display many of them. The first"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1019.64,"endTime":1023.33,"body":"thing that we look at for"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1023.33,"endTime":1028.76,"body":"resources is the UC resources."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1023.33,"endTime":1028.76,"body":"We create some of our own for"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1028.76,"endTime":1034.16,"body":"example, we have a garden note"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1028.76,"endTime":1034.16,"body":"on grasses, and how to cut them"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1034.16,"endTime":1038.33,"body":"back. And we have lists of what"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1034.16,"endTime":1038.33,"body":"the plants are that we have"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1038.33,"endTime":1042.29,"body":"here. And each plant that is out"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1038.33,"endTime":1042.29,"body":"here has a label so you can see"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1042.29,"endTime":1046.34,"body":"how it grows, you can see how we"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1042.29,"endTime":1046.34,"body":"take care of it. And you can"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1046.34,"endTime":1050.12,"body":"look it up online if you want"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1046.34,"endTime":1050.12,"body":"further information. One of the"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1050.15,"endTime":1053.24,"body":"advantages to the water"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1050.15,"endTime":1053.24,"body":"efficient landscape is it is"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1053.24,"endTime":1058.1,"body":"open 365 days a year from dawn"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1053.24,"endTime":1058.1,"body":"to dusk. And so you can always"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1058.1,"endTime":1062.39,"body":"walk through and observe what is"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1058.1,"endTime":1062.39,"body":"happening here. During our open"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1062.39,"endTime":1063.8,"body":"garden days, when the entire"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1062.39,"endTime":1063.8,"body":"Horticulture Center is open, you"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1063.8,"endTime":1066.05,"body":"can also talk to people like me"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1063.8,"endTime":1066.05,"body":"about what we do."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1066.47,"endTime":1068.48,"body":"And that would"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1066.47,"endTime":1068.48,"body":"include pruning information,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1068.48,"endTime":1071.72,"body":"frost sensitive information, the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1068.48,"endTime":1071.72,"body":"timing, the best time of year to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1071.72,"endTime":1074.54,"body":"do things. In fact, if you make"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1071.72,"endTime":1074.54,"body":"a regular habit of coming out"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1074.54,"endTime":1077.12,"body":"here, like on a monthly basis,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1074.54,"endTime":1077.12,"body":"you can get a pretty good idea"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1077.12,"endTime":1079.4,"body":"of what you should be doing in"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1077.12,"endTime":1079.4,"body":"your garden every month."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1079.73,"endTime":1082.34,"body":"That's correct."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1079.73,"endTime":1082.34,"body":"And basically with perennials"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1082.34,"endTime":1086.78,"body":"and grasses, a lot of the"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1082.34,"endTime":1086.78,"body":"cutback is in February or March."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1086.81,"endTime":1090.44,"body":"You wait until the risk of"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1086.81,"endTime":1090.44,"body":"freeze is gone. You allow some"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1090.44,"endTime":1093.86,"body":"vegetation to stay for"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1090.44,"endTime":1093.86,"body":"beneficial insects to overwinter"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1093.86,"endTime":1098.09,"body":"in. But then come spring, you"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1093.86,"endTime":1098.09,"body":"want to clear things up and"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1098.12,"endTime":1101.54,"body":"promote new growth. And so as a"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1098.12,"endTime":1101.54,"body":"general rule of thumb, that's a"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1101.54,"endTime":1105.08,"body":"lot of what we do. And I do want"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1101.54,"endTime":1105.08,"body":"to mention there is a Sacramento"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1105.08,"endTime":1109.7,"body":"Perennial Plant club,  that"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1105.08,"endTime":1109.7,"body":"meets down at McKinley Park at"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1109.7,"endTime":1113.24,"body":"the Shepherd Garden and Arts"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1109.7,"endTime":1113.24,"body":"Center. So it is a city centered"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1113.24,"endTime":1117.29,"body":"place, but we have members from"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1113.24,"endTime":1117.29,"body":"everywhere, and speakers from"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1117.29,"endTime":1121.1,"body":"everywhere. And that is a great"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1117.29,"endTime":1121.1,"body":"group to get that sort of advice"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1121.1,"endTime":1121.67,"body":"from."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1122.02,"endTime":1124.12,"body":"And Steve is in"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1122.02,"endTime":1124.12,"body":"Granite Bay,  a pretty close"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1124.12,"endTime":1127.48,"body":"drive to both the Fairoaks Hort"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1124.12,"endTime":1127.48,"body":"Center as well as the Shepherd"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1127.48,"endTime":1129.64,"body":"Garden and Arts Center. But"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1127.48,"endTime":1129.64,"body":"wherever you live, and you're"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1129.64,"endTime":1133.45,"body":"looking for information about"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1129.64,"endTime":1133.45,"body":"how to grow plants, you probably"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1133.45,"endTime":1136.0,"body":"have a local Cooperative"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1133.45,"endTime":1136.0,"body":"Extension Master Gardener"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1136.0,"endTime":1141.01,"body":"organization, or you have local"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1136.0,"endTime":1141.01,"body":"garden clubs that you can get"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1141.01,"endTime":1144.46,"body":"some pretty good information"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1141.01,"endTime":1144.46,"body":"from. And I still like books."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1144.46,"endTime":1147.16,"body":"Such as the Sunset Western"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1144.46,"endTime":1147.16,"body":"garden book for general plant"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1147.16,"endTime":1149.92,"body":"information, and they usually"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1147.16,"endTime":1149.92,"body":"have information on each plant"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1149.92,"endTime":1155.17,"body":"about when to prune and their"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1149.92,"endTime":1155.17,"body":"frost sensitivity. But if you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1155.17,"endTime":1158.2,"body":"want more details about pruning,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1155.17,"endTime":1158.2,"body":"one book I really like is the"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1158.2,"endTime":1161.89,"body":"Pruning and Training book that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1158.2,"endTime":1161.89,"body":"is produced by the American"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1161.89,"endTime":1165.04,"body":"Horticulture Society which"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1161.89,"endTime":1165.04,"body":"contains more plants than you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1165.04,"endTime":1167.65,"body":"could ever think about and what"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1165.04,"endTime":1167.65,"body":"they exactly need in the way of"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1167.65,"endTime":1169.66,"body":"pruning and training. You know,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1167.65,"endTime":1169.66,"body":"you mentioned something that"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1169.81,"endTime":1172.96,"body":"ticks me off when I see it this"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1169.81,"endTime":1172.96,"body":"time of year. We're now in early"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1172.96,"endTime":1177.1,"body":"February, and I see people"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1172.96,"endTime":1177.1,"body":"cutting back their ornamental"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1177.1,"endTime":1180.31,"body":"grasses, and I'm thinking. \"oh,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1177.1,"endTime":1180.31,"body":"those poor lady bugs that are"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1180.34,"endTime":1182.35,"body":"probably spending the winter in"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1180.34,"endTime":1182.35,"body":"there that are going to be"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1182.35,"endTime":1185.23,"body":"exposed to more cold weather\"."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1182.35,"endTime":1185.23,"body":"And as you pointed out,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1185.35,"endTime":1189.43,"body":"ornamental grasses are best cut"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1185.35,"endTime":1189.43,"body":"back after all danger of frost."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1189.6,"endTime":1193.35,"body":"And again, the"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1189.6,"endTime":1193.35,"body":"overwintering aspect for the"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1193.35,"endTime":1199.5,"body":"insects as well as the beautiful"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1193.35,"endTime":1199.5,"body":"plumes of the dried grasses."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1199.65,"endTime":1203.55,"body":"This Time of year provides much"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1199.65,"endTime":1203.55,"body":"more interest and movement in"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1203.55,"endTime":1207.21,"body":"the garden than you generally"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1203.55,"endTime":1207.21,"body":"have. So when you cut them back,"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1207.21,"endTime":1211.53,"body":"you just have these little bare"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1207.21,"endTime":1211.53,"body":"spots. And so I like to keep"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1211.53,"endTime":1215.85,"body":"them both for appearance as well"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1211.53,"endTime":1215.85,"body":"as for environmental reasons."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1215.94,"endTime":1219.72,"body":"But there are warm season"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1215.94,"endTime":1219.72,"body":"grasses that start to grow when"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1219.72,"endTime":1224.01,"body":"the weather gets warm,  hence"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1219.72,"endTime":1224.01,"body":"the name. And so you don't want"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1224.01,"endTime":1226.83,"body":"to wait too long, because you'll"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1224.01,"endTime":1226.83,"body":"be taking  off the growing tips."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1226.83,"endTime":1230.79,"body":"So it's a matter of timing. And"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1226.83,"endTime":1230.79,"body":"so we used to prune the grasses"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1230.82,"endTime":1234.45,"body":"earlier. We are now thinking"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1230.82,"endTime":1234.45,"body":"perhaps February or early March"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1234.45,"endTime":1235.86,"body":"is  soon enough."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1236.01,"endTime":1239.64,"body":"Yeah, it depends on"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1236.01,"endTime":1239.64,"body":"when your threat of last frost"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1239.64,"endTime":1242.91,"body":"is. It seems to be changing"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1239.64,"endTime":1242.91,"body":"around here. It used to be like"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1242.91,"endTime":1247.65,"body":"March 15, that would be a good"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1242.91,"endTime":1247.65,"body":"date for last frost here in our"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1247.65,"endTime":1251.67,"body":"area. And now people are saying,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1247.65,"endTime":1251.67,"body":"maybe it's early February. But"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1251.76,"endTime":1254.55,"body":"then again, we just had a frost"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1251.76,"endTime":1254.55,"body":"two days ago."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1254.94,"endTime":1257.64,"body":"Yes, that's"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1254.94,"endTime":1257.64,"body":"correct. But it isn't so much"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1257.64,"endTime":1261.48,"body":"the frost that might damage the"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1257.64,"endTime":1261.48,"body":"grasses, it is the habitat. And"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1261.48,"endTime":1264.57,"body":"the beauty of them. One of the"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1261.48,"endTime":1264.57,"body":"reasons you plant them is for"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1264.57,"endTime":1266.55,"body":"the dried flower heads."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1266.79,"endTime":1269.76,"body":"I like to wait to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1266.79,"endTime":1269.76,"body":"prune ornamental grasses until I"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1269.76,"endTime":1273.99,"body":"see the ladybugs start emerging."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1269.76,"endTime":1273.99,"body":"And that's usually on a warm day"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1273.99,"endTime":1277.23,"body":"in late winter that you'll start"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1273.99,"endTime":1277.23,"body":"seeing them coming out. And then"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1277.23,"endTime":1279.66,"body":"I think once you see that, you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1277.23,"endTime":1279.66,"body":"can probably go ahead and prune"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1279.66,"endTime":1280.14,"body":"it back."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1280.17,"endTime":1282.78,"body":"That's good"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1280.17,"endTime":1282.78,"body":"advice and a lot easier to do at"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1282.78,"endTime":1285.54,"body":"your own home where you're"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1282.78,"endTime":1285.54,"body":"seeing it every day. We come out"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1285.54,"endTime":1288.96,"body":"here and work a couple times a"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1285.54,"endTime":1288.96,"body":"month. And so we do try to"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1288.96,"endTime":1292.62,"body":"schedule things. And because we"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1288.96,"endTime":1292.62,"body":"do, you can come out and talk to"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1292.62,"endTime":1295.5,"body":"us. We can tell you what"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1292.62,"endTime":1295.5,"body":"schedule we use."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1295.69,"endTime":1299.14,"body":"Take advantage of"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1295.69,"endTime":1299.14,"body":"your local university garden"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1299.14,"endTime":1300.94,"body":"department. Land grant"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1299.14,"endTime":1300.94,"body":"universities always have either"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1300.94,"endTime":1304.03,"body":"a farm or garden department. And"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1300.94,"endTime":1304.03,"body":"you'd be surprised at the number"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1304.03,"endTime":1306.88,"body":"of Master Gardener outlets"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1304.03,"endTime":1306.88,"body":"throughout the country, as well"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1306.88,"endTime":1309.58,"body":"as just good advice that they"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1306.88,"endTime":1309.58,"body":"would have online. So in any"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1309.58,"endTime":1313.24,"body":"sort of internet search on"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1309.58,"endTime":1313.24,"body":"plants or pest problems, it"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1313.24,"endTime":1316.87,"body":"always helps to put in the name"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1313.24,"endTime":1316.87,"body":"of the bug that's bothering you,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1316.87,"endTime":1320.68,"body":"let's say aphids, and then type"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1316.87,"endTime":1320.68,"body":"in, \".edu.\" And that way,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1320.68,"endTime":1323.59,"body":"usually, the first page of"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1320.68,"endTime":1323.59,"body":"results you get are going to be"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1323.59,"endTime":1327.79,"body":"from universities where there's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1323.59,"endTime":1327.79,"body":"probably some peer review going"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1327.79,"endTime":1332.38,"body":"on that ascertains the veracity"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1327.79,"endTime":1332.38,"body":"of whatever advice is being"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1332.38,"endTime":1332.77,"body":"given."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1333.01,"endTime":1335.35,"body":"That's correct."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1333.01,"endTime":1335.35,"body":"Definitely the first place I"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1335.35,"endTime":1339.67,"body":"look for everything is the UC"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1335.35,"endTime":1339.67,"body":"sites. That's because we are in"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1339.67,"endTime":1343.63,"body":"California. That's correct. Yes,"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1339.67,"endTime":1343.63,"body":"but for my family in Ohio, I"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1343.63,"endTime":1345.31,"body":"tell them to look at Ohio State."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1345.76,"endTime":1348.37,"body":"Exactly. Well,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1345.76,"endTime":1348.37,"body":"that's what to do about"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1348.37,"endTime":1352.27,"body":"perennials and figuring out when"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1348.37,"endTime":1352.27,"body":"to prune them and when to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1352.27,"endTime":1355.03,"body":"protect them. It's Anita"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1352.27,"endTime":1355.03,"body":"Clevenger, Sacramento County"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1355.03,"endTime":1356.59,"body":"Master Gardener Thank you,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1355.03,"endTime":1356.59,"body":"Anita."},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1356.68,"endTime":1357.79,"body":"Oh, you're"},{"speaker":"Anita Clevenger","startTime":1356.68,"endTime":1357.79,"body":"welcome Fred."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1366.18,"endTime":1368.88,"body":"Want to leave us a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1366.18,"endTime":1368.88,"body":"garden question? You'll find a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1368.88,"endTime":1373.62,"body":"link at Gardenbasics.net. Also,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1368.88,"endTime":1373.62,"body":"when you click on any episode at"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1373.62,"endTime":1377.34,"body":"GardenBasics.net, you're going"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1373.62,"endTime":1377.34,"body":"to find a link to Speakpipe."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1377.37,"endTime":1380.13,"body":"You'll find it in the show"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1377.37,"endTime":1380.13,"body":"notes. And when you bring up"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1380.13,"endTime":1383.34,"body":"SpeakPipe on your computer or"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1380.13,"endTime":1383.34,"body":"smartphone, you can leave us an"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1383.37,"endTime":1386.97,"body":"audio question without making a"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1383.37,"endTime":1386.97,"body":"phone call. You can go to our"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1386.97,"endTime":1391.8,"body":"page on Speakpipe directly,"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1386.97,"endTime":1391.8,"body":"speakpipe.com/garden basics. You"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1391.8,"endTime":1394.89,"body":"want to call or text us? We have"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1391.8,"endTime":1394.89,"body":"that number posted at"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1394.89,"endTime":1403.35,"body":"GardenBasics.net . Ii's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1394.89,"endTime":1403.35,"body":"916-292-8964, 916-292-8964."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1403.5,"endTime":1407.31,"body":"Email ? Sure, we like email!"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1403.5,"endTime":1407.31,"body":"Send it along with your pictures"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1407.31,"endTime":1411.87,"body":"to Fred at farmerfred.com. Or"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1407.31,"endTime":1411.87,"body":"again go to garden basics.net"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1412.53,"endTime":1416.16,"body":"and get that link. And if you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1412.53,"endTime":1416.16,"body":"send us a question, be sure to"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1416.16,"endTime":1419.76,"body":"tell us where you're gardening"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1416.16,"endTime":1419.76,"body":"because all gardening is local."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1419.79,"endTime":1422.07,"body":"Find it all at Gardenbasics.net"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1425.64,"endTime":1428.79,"body":"Garden Basics with Farmer Fred"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1425.64,"endTime":1428.79,"body":"comes out every Tuesday and"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1428.79,"endTime":1432.36,"body":"Friday and it's brought to you"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1428.79,"endTime":1432.36,"body":"by Smart Pots and Dave Wilson"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1432.36,"endTime":1435.99,"body":"nursery. Garden Basics. It's"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1432.36,"endTime":1435.99,"body":"available wherever podcasts are"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1435.99,"endTime":1439.53,"body":"handed out. For more information"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1435.99,"endTime":1439.53,"body":"about the podcast, visit our"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1439.53,"endTime":1443.49,"body":"website gardenbasics.net . And"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1439.53,"endTime":1443.49,"body":"that's where you can find out"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1443.49,"endTime":1447.15,"body":"about the free Garden Basics"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1443.49,"endTime":1447.15,"body":"newsletter, Beyond the Basics."},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1447.33,"endTime":1449.76,"body":"And thank you so much for"},{"speaker":"Farmer Fred","startTime":1447.33,"endTime":1449.76,"body":"listening"}]}