Modern Family Matters

Utilizing Family Synergy Therapy to Identify Conflict in a Blended Family Setting

May 03, 2023 with Dr. Ray and Jean Kadkhodaian Season 1 Episode 91
Modern Family Matters
Utilizing Family Synergy Therapy to Identify Conflict in a Blended Family Setting
Show Notes Transcript

We sit down with Counselors, Dr. Ray and Jean Kadkhodaian, to discuss the impact that family synergy counseling can play in helping to set healthy boundaries and open up communication avenues for blended families. In this interview, Dr. Ray and Jean discuss the following:

•    Understanding the challenges that blended families encounter.
 •    How Family Synergy Therapy can help identify the roots of conflict in a blended family.
 •    Why The presence of an advocate for each member of the family can help to create a safe environment. 
 •    Challenging disruptive dynamics within the family and developing better functioning within the family unit.
 •    How and when to communicate your values clearly to everyone in the family.
 •    What boundaries are and the importance of setting boundaries.
 •    Five positive things boundaries produce.

If you would like to speak with one of our attorneys, please call our office at (503) 227-0200, or visit our website at https://www.pacificcascadelegal.com.

To learn more about how Dr. Ray and Jean can help you and your family, you can visit their website: https://couplessynergy.com/ or visit their Facebook page: Couples Synergy with Dr Ray & Jean Kadkhodaian

Disclaimer: Nothing in this communication is intended to provide legal advice nor does it constitute a client-attorney relationship, therefore you should not interpret the contents as such.

Intro:
Welcome to Modern Family Matters, a podcast devoted to exploring family law topics that matter most to you. Covering a wide range of legal, personal, and family law matters, with expert analysis from skilled attorneys and professional guests, we hope that our podcast provides answers, clarity, and guidance towards a better tomorrow for you and your family. Here's your host, Steve Altishin.

Steve Altishin  
Hi, everyone, I'm Steve Altishin, Director of Client Partnerships here at Pacific Cascade Legal, and today we have counselors, Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian to discuss the impact that family synergy therapy can play in helping to set healthy boundaries and open up communication avenues for blended families. Dr. Ray, Jean, how you guys doing today?

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
We are good. How are you?

Steve Altishin  
I'm doing okay, I guess.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
We're back on, right?

Steve Altishin  
We're back on! That's live video.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Oh, yeah. Technology these days, right?

Steve Altishin  
Oh it's beyond me. Can you tell us a little bit about yourself before we get started?

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Sure. You know what, I think I should clarify counselor and the word counselor right? Because in a legal term counselor means attorney as well, right? Yeah, it does. Yes. So we are we are therapists, I have a doctorate in clinical psychology. Gina has a master's in clinical psychology. And we have been working with couples and families for close to 25 years now. We started a clinic in the Chicagoland area, which is thriving and working throughout the Chicagoland area with couples and families and individuals. And Jean and I, we also have our own couples coaching program that we we serve as couples internationally. We've been doing that for quite a while to and our own podcast as well.

In our own lives, we've had to deal with family and our allies, we've had to deal with our own relationship. And early on, we decided to specialize in doing this work, because it is the most painful thing we go through when those relationships break down. And it's the most rewarding when they go well. And it's not very popular with people don't really like to talk about it. And so it's been this passion of ours and difficult to talk about, but very rewarding work.

Steve Altishin  
Oh, my 100% believe that. You know, one of the things that we see, you know, from from attorneys perspective, is the challenges legally, that blended families encounter between the visitations and the custody and that getting in the middle of everything. And it's really, really challenging. But that's why I'm so you know, interested today because you come at from kind of another angle. So can you talk some about the challenges that blended families encounter for your clients,

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
you work with a couple, you're actually trying to defuse some boundaries to help them merge. But when you're working with a family, the job of a child is to at the moment of birth, start leaving you and so we're we're designed to be monogamous. We're designed to be in it, it is it is the healthiest way to be in the world. But it doesn't always work. And people don't always come together for the right reasons. And so any type of of change in a primary relationship is going to cause pain. And when human beings are in pain, we don't behave very well.

You know, the blended family is now the leading family structure in the United States. So that the whole traditional family, it doesn't exist anymore. Right. There are more kids that are in blended families than their kids in traditional marriages and traditional families and so the dynamics and the challenges that are occurring because of that are very widespread. You know, there isn't a role model though out there for how a step family is supposed to work together. The dynamics are very complex, especially now if you involve the stretched family as we like to call it. You know, now you have you know, multiple grandparents now you have multiple aunts and uncles on multiple sides and you also have the parents who may be remarried now are having to deal with co parenting and co parenting with EX exes and so it is very complex. And you know, Jean and I we actually we come we have a blended family. And so it that's kind of the birth of why we started working with families to begin with Is that we saw the challenges and dynamics that we had to attend to. And there wasn't any guidebook out there or any mentors out there, that were able to help us navigate that. So we had to figure it out on our own.

Steve Altishin  
That makes so much sense. You know, as attorneys, you know, we counsel people in blended families, but it's the, like I said, it's like, how to co parent and not get yourself in trouble with the court, or, you know, get what your rights are. And that's a whole different kind of an animal. So you developed this process, and that you called Family synergy therapy. And I mean, it's three words that I know all of them. But when I look at it together, I go, well hold it, I haven't heard this before. This, this sounds really interesting. So maybe we can talk a little bit about the basics of what it is. And then maybe, you know, kind of how that differs from I guess what you would call traditional family counseling.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Okay, we should probably Preface by how our field is structured, right. So when a therapist goes to school, they get a master's or they get a doctorate. They're really schooled in basic therapy, human psychology, human psychology, maybe they're taught a few different modalities, things that are very popular, like CBT, or emotion focused therapy. But when it comes to couples therapy, or family therapy, there isn't any specific certification or degree that is required. In order for you to call yourself a family therapist or a couples therapist, there is a degree called Mirror, marriage and family therapy, and that specifically is about that. But anyone with a master's degree or a doctorate degree, and licensed to do therapy can call themselves a marriage therapist or family therapist, without any specific instruction or certification to do so. So in our experience in the field, you know, originally was being thrown into a session with a couple or thrown into a session with a family, as an individual therapist, and you were just made to sink or swim. And there wasn't really much guidance given in order to help that family and help the couple. So we decided, you know, there's got to be a better way, there's got to be a better way of structuring these sessions. So that we can take a couple and family from point A to point B, and be able to accomplish something and not just get kind of lost in the weeds in their drama.

Or relationships start out as parent child, that's what we learn. And we often show up as the child in our adult relationships. And you'll see this in families where everyone's trying to be the child, everyone is trying to get their needs met, get attention be understood. And the goal is actually the opposite. Because the only thing we have control over is listening and understanding. We don't have control over being heard, or someone else understanding us. And so family's energy therapy, you could think about it like a clock, and all those mechanisms in the clock. If they get stuck anywhere, the whole clock doesn't work. But it's it can be a small problem. But the whole thing looks like it's broken and doesn't work. And that's our goal, our goal is to look at these moving parts, and how they can join the system in a way that feels comfortable, including boundaries about not behaving in certain ways. Because if the goal is for the family, to be able to be in the room together and feel safe, then it's each person's job to make sure they're monitoring themselves. And so when we're working with a family, we're working with the individual person and with the family because if you want to be heard you got to become a listener.

In traditional family therapy, most often the focus is on the IP the identified patient. So, this is the person within the system the family system, that is the most outspoken or has the most problems, right and so, the focus becomes on that person and the entire family it becomes you know, this this, you know, spotlight on the individual that has the issue but in family synergy therapy, our focus is on the system and not just the individual piece, because each person in the system occupies a important role. And in order for the system to change change. It's not about changing the individual within the system, it's about changing the entire system. 

Steve Altishin  
Wow. Then, we talked a little earlier, I know that you don't just have one discerning therapists that does everything, and talks to everybody. And I really thought that was fascinating. So I like your clockwork analogy. So how does, you know, kind of take us to the clock-- how does it start?

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
You know, everyone wants to be heard. So each person has someone to listen to them, their own therapist, that really understands what's happening. And so if we're working with a family, Ray, and I might be working with the parents, but then I will also join some of the sessions with the kids, as a liaison to understand what is the child need. And these can be adult children, or they can be older children, what are they looking for what isn't feeling good for them. And then it's like a negotiation. So if you think about, if you tried to be the attorney for both people getting a divorce, you can't do it. Because your job is to, is to champion for your team? Well, if the goal of the system is for everyone to champion for their person, because they all want the system to work, it works. If someone thinks my right My way is the right way, and everyone should conform, it doesn't work.

Steve Altishin  
And it feels like everybody gets to talk to someone by themselves without having to worry about, am I saying something that's offending somebody, and so maybe I shouldn't put it this way.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
You know, see that a good example here is, you know, I'm a classic violinist by training. And so when I used to play in, in symphony orchestras, you know, you had a conductor and the conductor would be in charge of uniting the entire Symphony Orchestra when we're playing. But in order to unite each section, like the violinist, and you know, the clarinets and, and everything, you have your own little section coach, and that person would work with those people individually, they will work with them as a group, and then you would come together as a whole, and the conductor would be able to work with everybody together. So we have, we have a parental coordinator that is in charge of working with the family. And so when we do those family sessions, that parental coordinator is the one that conducts it. And each part of the family works with their own therapist individually. So when we come together as a whole, we have the individual therapist, we have the the clients, and we have the parental coordinator that conducts that whole family session. So it is you could see all of the moving parts, but each part is being attended to individually. And so when we come together as a whole, we have a goal in mind. And we have the facility and the ability to be able to meet that goal.

Steve Altishin  
It sounds like you are able to sort of get to some of the causes this way, in a way that sort of everybody feels can feel comfortable. And and what do you do when you kind of you kind of get to the cause and kind of figure out what's going on? Does everybody then come together? 

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
See I think maybe cause is the wrong term. We don't really get down to the cause. Right? So if we go back to the idea of of a symphony, if one group wants to play in the key of I don't know, music, but key of G and someone else, like well, I like the QB better or something, it's not going to sound right, and you can't hear each other. So it's it's more of a collection of the structure of how are we going to behave? What are the the house rules? And house rules are not just for kids, they're for everybody. Right? And so if, if the if you're in a relationship with someone, and that relationship isn't something that is healthy enough to have a difficult conversation for the cause to be resolved, it can be to just respect each other and, and be, you know, don't be negative or don't be judgmental, those kinds of things that just say, Okay, everyone for this week, we're just gonna say hello, how are you? And we're not even going to do any parents or anything because it erupts something. And so when people are hot behave appropriately, within a system? Sometimes that's the best it can be. But that's still very satisfying.

Steve Altishin  
Yeah, yeah, you're off Ground Zero. You talk about setting boundaries. And that's something that even as attorneys we talk about in co parenting kind of stuff, but setting boundaries in a blended family has got to be a little more complex. Maybe it's not, but it feels like it's more complex, you know, than maybe a couple or husband wife or something like that.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
You know, when you start with the goal in mind, then you can reverse engineer to what you want it to be. And so when we're meeting with CO parents, you know, one of the things that we help them identify is, what kind of person? Do they want their child to be in the future when they're an adult? You know, do they want them to be successful, both also in career and also in relationships? Do they want their child to become a good parent, you know, being able to be loving and kind and caring. And so we have them identify that. So if that's what they want them to be, what are the steps they need to take in order to teach that.

We're working with a family. And the father came into the marriage with three girls. And the mother came into the marriage with two boys. So there's five kids and parents, and this couple have fought all the time. And the house rule. You know, when you talk about boundaries, boundaries are different than house rules, house rules, is an absolute, so that this is the problem, there's a consequence, if you speed, you get a ticket, right? But boundaries are about what am I going to do. So I don't like the kids are really upset that these parents were fighting all the time. So they decided to unite together. And if the parents started fighting, they were gonna leave the house. And there was some that were old enough to drive all the way down to like a fourth grader or something. And then we hit brought the parents in the room and the kids said to them, You know what, this is really upsetting to us. Here's what we're gonna do boundaries are about, I don't like what's happening. And this is what I'm going to do. When it happens. It's not about you go behave, because we have no control over that. And it actually happened when the kids all got in the car, and they left and they went bowling. And they stayed out of that toxic environment and went and bonded and had a good time. And the parents had to look at themselves and go, we just drove our kids out of the house because we're not behaving and we have a problem we have to work on. And so I don't know if that clarifies and makes sense about boundaries that are about what what am I going to do? Right, scolding someone else?

Steve Altishin  
That yeah, because I think a lot of people would think of setting boundaries as, I'm putting a fence around you. And no, that's not what it is, it's, I'm going to put something around me that I'm going to make decisions on. This is kind of a dumb question probably but why, you know, why are boundaries important? And what do they achieve?

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
It sets up an expectation of personal responsibility. Because if you stay in a place of blame, you never have to change your own behavior. You never have to adjust your own contribution to the dysfunction in the family. So a boundary is this is what you can expect from me. So I am maintaining my own boundary. And it's my responsibility to do that. It's not the responsibility of someone else to maintain my boundary. Right. And that's really one of the biggest shifts that we make with families is that to get them from a place of blame, whether it's blame that this individual in the family is causing the drama, or the blame that the parents are doing this. It's, let's, let's get off blame. And let's focus on what I have control power to change, right? Because that's the only thing I have power control over. And if I could take responsibility for that, and I can maintain my own boundaries, then the system starts to shift just on on its own.

We always want everyone else to do the work. And we know when we get hurt, but we don't know when we're hurting someone else. And so in a system, if, let's say we create a house rule and the house rule says everyone is going to be at the dinner table at 6pm. And one person doesn't show up. Well, now you know who the problem is. But if I Everyone else goes, well, not everyone else is showing up. So I'm not going to show up. You can't tell what the problem is, you can't see what needs to be corrected. And so we tell people, even if no one else is there, you're sitting down. If you're my client, you're sitting down no matter what. And then we have something to talk about. But if you just go, Well, no one else is gonna do it. So I'm not going to do it either. You can't change, you can't become empowered. That's the goal.

Steve Altishin  
The first thing that strikes me from what you guys were saying is that when I use the term cars, I was back in the traditional kind of thing. And that's where you're steering away from worrying about the cause. But But doing controlling yourself. And so many times we see in in divorces, one party blame the other party on Will everything. And, and that's how they choose to live. And this kind of gets away from them in Okay, forget about that. What am I going to do?

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
We Oh, yeah, there's two winners or two losers.

Steve Altishin  
Yeah, yeah. It's, it's exactly why you're talking about house rules. So that also is kind of included in setting up the system is having what I'm going to do myself, but also some house rule. 

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Yeah, we think about, we think about that, like a cast, like if you broke your leg, you would put a cast on it, so that you're not continuing to injure it as it's trying to heal. It isn't the house rules aren't designed to do that forever. But they're designed to create a temporary condition. So that healing can take place, instead of there constantly being jarring, things bumping into this bone that's trying to heal.

And it's something though of an expectation that is across the board of everyone in the house. Because up until that point, usually, rules and consequences are used as weapons. They're used to manipulate members of the family, right? And it creates power struggles. And what we want to do is we want to eliminate all of that by creating an environment of consistency. And something that every member of the family can expect and count on. Because from there, if we could create that consistency, now we have something to build on, you know, a foundation that can foster trust.

Steve Altishin  
Yep. So if I came to you, and I said, Well, I really liked this idea. But I don't know. I don't know where to start. When it comes to setting a boundary, physically, kind of structurally, what do you know, what do I do? Where do I start?

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
You know, whenever we're working with a human being, whether they're in a couple whether they're in a family, or whether it's individual, most people don't know themselves. And that's the first part of the journey is to understand, well, why does this bother me? What do I need? What, what am I willing to do? Right, so we're working with a couple right now. And she does not like confrontation. And she says he's very aggressive. And I said, Well, if I had a camera in your house without without sound, what would that look like she was he gives me a look. And I said, so he's not calling you names. He's not hitting you. He's not throwing things. Nope, he gives me a look, while she has a connection to a look her mom used to give her when she was a kid. So now she has this pairing. And she sees her partner as this monster when he gives her the look. And I said, Well, what if you could find that funny? And she was like, What are you talking about? And I said, Well, if he was a four year old boy, and he was giving you the look, because he was upset, you wouldn't be dismissing him, you would have compassion for him. You would tolerate a four year old saying I hate you mommy, or whatever that was. And then you would help them calm down and listen to him what's really going on? So the first thing is what's really going on? What are the things that are really bothering the individual person? And that's their job to work on the healing of that. And then and then you decide what what doctor was saying about we're How would you like things to be? If you have a stepmother who is very critical, and judgmental. You can expect that at the family gathers, you're going to hear something, that's just how it is you're not gonna change that person. So what are you gonna do? Well, what if you made a game of it? What if before you even walked in the room, you're like, Oh, I bet you within one minute and 37 seconds the first one's going to come out or in the first 20 minutes, I'll hear five and someone else go, oh, no, I'm only here for, and then you are actually accepting the judgmental person as they are. And you're not taking it personally. So you're like, okay, they're gonna judge, that's what they do. It's not about me, it helps support the other people in having to tolerate that, but also trying to have some compassion, because only a hurting person is going to be judgmental and critical.

Steve Altishin  
Yeah. Does someone, then, do they communicate their values or their boundaries? Is that part of it? Is that I mean, do you let the person the others know that this is sort of my boundary, or is that more of an internal thing?

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
So that is, that's where the structure of our program comes into place, right. Because if you throw a family into a room, and you tell them, Okay, I want you to state your boundaries to each other, this train is going to go off the tracks pretty quickly. They are there, the system is very ingrained in the cycle of communication, the cycle of dysfunction, and they've been practicing that for a very long time. So for a therapist to walk into the room and try to disrupt that is nearly impossible. And so that's why we have the individual pieces, right, where a therapist is working on that person, helping them identify within themselves what they need to change what they can control, and then helping them and guiding them on how to present that. And how to present it in a different way. Not in the same, you know, communication style that they're used to. But to do it in a way that's going to be much more assertive and effective. And so then when we come together as a family, now, we are guiding them in a way that they're communicating and hearing each other. And we are preventing that, that same dysfunction to come back up.

Oftentimes, things are very unconscious. And so if you ask a family, let's say you have a parent and a child, maybe the kids a teenager, how do you want to feel in your home? And they're all going to say, I want to feel connected, I want to feel safe, I want to feel I belong, everyone's going to agree with that. And then if you ask the person, do you know what makes your dad feel like he doesn't belong? Do you know what makes your child feel that way? And they will, I don't know what they feel. I just know what I feel. And then we get to this place of well, this when you when you come in and you haven't cleaned your room, it feels bad for this person? Or if if they are late and don't communicate with you, that feels bad. And it's like, Are you do you want this person to feel safe with you? Do you want to feel? Do you want to help them feel like they belong? And people usually say yes. And the corrections are usually really small. It's it's kind of weird. We don't even know these little things that we do that slight other people. And then we in our minds, it turns into a whole bunch of other stuff. Yeah. And then we get very, a lot of resentment and anger around that.

Steve Altishin  
Getting into this conversation. I'm thinking that, you know, this is a a family thing. And there's everybody gets plugged in here and here. And it's about them as well. And now, I kind of feel like it notes about what I need to do. So can someone take that, because obviously blended families, while they can be different things, they are often families that include ex spouses and ex partners, and a person take what you're talking about and teaching to that level and apply it to the ex spouse who calls up for 38 and says, Yeah, I'm not coming at five.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Well, you know, once you start looking at yourself and what you have power and control over changing, then you can start to let go. The people that you don't have control on. Right, you have control of whether you're going to hold resentment towards your ex partner who's not in the room. And you could continue to see then see the about them. And the fact that they're not doing what it is that you want them to do. But that just only affects you. Right and so we have we had a client who she started to look at it like a job is that you know, I punch a clock and now I have to deal with my ex partner and you know co parent, and then when I'm not dealing with them I clock out. So I'm now compartmentalizing, and I'm not going to sit there and hold on to anger and resentment towards my ex partner when they're not part of my immediate life.

You know, we actually had that situation in our family. So our oldest son's dad would often not show up for his time with his son. And if you take that on, if you're the parents, you take responsibility for that you take responsibility for how your child feels. And at some point, we would tell him, Well, we've decided as the adults that you're not spending time with him today, we took it on ourselves. So he didn't feel the rejection and the whatever is like know that you have to deal with hanging out with us tonight. And it is very emotional, to have to do those kinds of things. But if you always think about what's best for your child, it's not going to be fair for sure. If you're the responsible parent, and the other person isn't doing what they've agreed to do, or what they're supposed to be doing, you don't just take it and let the kid deal with that. You hold on to that for them. 

Steve Altishin  
Wow, this is really this is fascinating. We are unfortunately getting close to being the end. But I want to ask that this is not coming in and asking my you know, step kids are this are my you know, this is that, you know, we need to be we need to change what how they're acting, we need to change them. And in divorce, it's it's all the time they come in, what can I do to change my ex's this or what can I do that, you know? But that isn't about changing other people, it's about changing yourself. 

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
And you say you don't get divorced in a courtroom, you get divorced in your heart. Yeah. And there are people who are very much married, even though they're legally divorced. 

Steve Altishin  
Yeah. Before we go, I just want to kind of run through that. again, this isn't really, you know, So what's going on today? Well, this is going on, Okay, let's talk about that. This is feels like a more structured approach. 

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
That's a disaster waiting to happen right there. So ours is 10 to 12 weeks, so 10 to 12 week program for the parents. And you know, when you think about, for example, rehabbing a house, right, you're not going to just start to do the finer details, if your foundation is shoddy. So we look at it from that perspective that we have to work on the foundation, each individual part of the system and the system as a whole. We build that foundation to a place where they can actually deal with the issues. And if you try to get them to jump right into the issues right away, it's just going to fall apart.

Steve Altishin  
Right. You're not changing the issues, you're changing how you deal with the issues. Yep. Yes. I think that's genius. We almost are out of time. Is there something I missed? Is there something you want to say you've been like, Hey, when is he going to ask this? It happens all the time.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
You know, one thing I would like to say is that we always look from this bigger perspective about what is really going on, on this planet? Why are we here? What are we supposed to do from all these people who we feel are our teachers, whether they're our children, or our ex partner, they have something to teach us. It's our job to learn it, even if we never resolve anything. And so I always like to say, we know what fertilizer is made of. And that's how we grow. And so if your only goal is to understand why are these people in my life, and what can they teach me, and you never resolve anything, that's still an awesome outcome.

Steve Altishin  
I imagine I could we would walk away from your system, being able to deal with a lot of other things than just our family, but which sort of holds true for, like you said, the world.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Right, we are the common denominator. We take ourselves wherever we go. Yeah.

Steve Altishin  
Yeah. I love that. Well, gosh, we are out. Thank you so much for being here today. And sitting down and talking about what family synergy therapy is how it really creates healthy boundaries. And we didn't really talk too much about the healthy part. But it just came out. I mean, I was describing boundaries, those were not the healthy boundary. Ones you were describing where and you communicated in like real words, and no jargon and stuff that people like even me can understand. And so that thank you very much for that. 

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Thank you. So if anyone wants to learn more about FST family, synergy therapy, our clinic in Chicago, the lighthouse emotional wellness centers where our staff, you know, is conducting a lot of that work. Lighthouse emotional wellness.com is the website. And if they want to learn about the couples work that we do, which is couples synergy, you know, they can look us up a couple synergy.com

Steve Altishin  
One last question. I just thought, if someone comes in a family comes in a couple of comes in, they don't have to go out and get their own here and here, therapist. They're all in with you. You're there. They're separate, but equal.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
And we've worked with families where you know, maybe one kids away at college and one lives in a different state and to her at home, and it really works wonderful with technology, you can make those things happen now.

Steve Altishin  
Oh, absolutely. Absolutely. Wow. Well, thanks again for being here.

Dr. Ray And Jean Kadkhodaian  
Thanks for having thanks for having us.

Steve Altishin  
All right, and everyone else. Thank you for joining us today. And until next time, stay safe, stay happy and be well.

Outro:
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