{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":0.87,"endTime":4.26,"body":"Hey, fellow mathematicians!"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":0.87,"endTime":4.26,"body":"Welcome to the podcast where"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":4.26,"endTime":6.96,"body":"Math is Figure-Out-Able! I'm"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":4.26,"endTime":6.96,"body":"Pam."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":7.2,"endTime":7.89,"body":"And I'm Kim."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":8.22,"endTime":11.31,"body":"And you found a place where"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":8.22,"endTime":11.31,"body":"Math is not about memorizing."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":11.49,"endTime":16.41,"body":"Whoops. Yeah, it is. Wait. Oh,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":11.49,"endTime":16.41,"body":"I'm gosh. I'm like, \"...not"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":16.41,"endTime":19.08,"body":"about memorizing.\" I'm like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":16.41,"endTime":19.08,"body":"\"Wait, do I mean that? What do I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":19.08,"endTime":19.92,"body":"mean?\" Okay."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":20.4,"endTime":21.18,"body":"It's not."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":21.24,"endTime":23.31,"body":"I was thinking about the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":21.24,"endTime":23.31,"body":"fact that you were laughing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":23.31,"endTime":24.0,"body":"right before we started."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":24.0,"endTime":25.26,"body":"I know, I'm sorry."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":25.26,"endTime":26.88,"body":"And when you said, \"And I'm"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":25.26,"endTime":26.88,"body":"Kim,\" I'm like, \"Oh, that was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":26.88,"endTime":31.38,"body":"really super serious.\" Okay. And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":26.88,"endTime":31.38,"body":"you found a place where math"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":31.38,"endTime":33.81,"body":"is... I don't even know anymore."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":33.87,"endTime":35.31,"body":"It's not about memorizing."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":35.0,"endTime":38.444,"body":"It's not about memorizing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":35.0,"endTime":38.444,"body":"and mimicking, waiting to be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":38.508,"endTime":42.08,"body":"told or shown what to do. But"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":38.508,"endTime":42.08,"body":"it's about making sense of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":42.144,"endTime":46.035,"body":"problems, noticing patterns, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":42.144,"endTime":46.035,"body":"reasoning using mathematical"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":46.099,"endTime":49.416,"body":"relationships. That's what it"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":46.099,"endTime":49.416,"body":"is. Yes, we can mentor"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":49.48,"endTime":52.67,"body":"mathematicians as...no! That's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":49.48,"endTime":52.67,"body":"not the one I want."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":54.38,"endTime":55.49,"body":"I'm just going to skip that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":54.38,"endTime":55.49,"body":"line."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":55.49,"endTime":55.58,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":55.7,"endTime":59.42,"body":"Not only are algorithms not"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":55.7,"endTime":59.42,"body":"particularly helpful in teaching"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":59.42,"endTime":62.18,"body":"mathematics, but rotely"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":59.42,"endTime":62.18,"body":"repeating steps actually keep"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":62.18,"endTime":64.82,"body":"students from being the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":62.18,"endTime":64.82,"body":"mathematicians they can be."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":64.85,"endTime":67.58,"body":"Alright, we're keeping this one"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":64.85,"endTime":67.58,"body":"because I want you to know, we"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":67.58,"endTime":71.03,"body":"re record that intro every time,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":67.58,"endTime":71.03,"body":"and we've tweaked it lately, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":71.03,"endTime":74.18,"body":"I forgot and didn't have the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":71.03,"endTime":74.18,"body":"correct one in here. And we were"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":74.18,"endTime":76.22,"body":"laughing right before we"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":74.18,"endTime":76.22,"body":"started, and I was having a hard"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":76.22,"endTime":79.1,"body":"time hanging on to it. And,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":76.22,"endTime":79.1,"body":"ya'll, welcome to the podcast."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":79.1,"endTime":81.29,"body":"Hey, Kim, let's kick this one"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":79.1,"endTime":81.29,"body":"off. What are we talking about?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":81.32,"endTime":85.58,"body":"Okay. Alright. So, we"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":81.32,"endTime":85.58,"body":"absolutely love hearing from"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":85.58,"endTime":88.37,"body":"listeners about what they're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":85.58,"endTime":88.37,"body":"interested in, right? It's super"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":88.37,"endTime":89.45,"body":"fun for us to hear."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":89.66,"endTime":91.43,"body":"Yeah, and you can tell us"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":89.66,"endTime":91.43,"body":"if you like it when we totally"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":91.43,"endTime":94.16,"body":"mess up the intro too. You can"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":91.43,"endTime":94.16,"body":"let us know that."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":95.24,"endTime":98.45,"body":"We want to know what you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":95.24,"endTime":98.45,"body":"want to hear us chat about. So,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":98.45,"endTime":103.91,"body":"not too long ago, I asked people"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":98.45,"endTime":103.91,"body":"in the Math is Figure-Out-Able,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":103.94,"endTime":107.21,"body":"teacher Facebook group. It's a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":103.94,"endTime":107.21,"body":"Facebook group that we have that"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":107.63,"endTime":110.33,"body":"lots of people are in. You"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":107.63,"endTime":110.33,"body":"should join it. And we asked"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":110.33,"endTime":112.58,"body":"what they were thinking about,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":110.33,"endTime":112.58,"body":"and we got some really amazing"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":112.58,"endTime":113.3,"body":"responses."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":113.33,"endTime":114.89,"body":"Yeah, thank you, everybody."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":113.33,"endTime":114.89,"body":"We appreciate that."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":114.9,"endTime":118.95,"body":"Yeah, we can't chat about"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":114.9,"endTime":118.95,"body":"everything all at once, but for"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":118.95,"endTime":121.14,"body":"the next several weeks, we"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":118.95,"endTime":121.14,"body":"thought we would answer some of"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":121.14,"endTime":123.99,"body":"the questions that people in the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":121.14,"endTime":123.99,"body":"group requested."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":124.65,"endTime":129.54,"body":"So, let's start with Sarah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":124.65,"endTime":129.54,"body":"Is it Gorecki? I'm hoping. Oh,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":129.54,"endTime":133.83,"body":"wait. Sarah Gregywestrich, in"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":129.54,"endTime":133.83,"body":"the Math is Figure-Out-Able"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":133.83,"endTime":138.15,"body":"teacher group said, \"Talk about"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":133.83,"endTime":138.15,"body":"questioning techniques for"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":138.15,"endTime":142.95,"body":"focusing rather than funneling.\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":138.15,"endTime":142.95,"body":"Well, Sarah, thanks for"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":142.95,"endTime":148.44,"body":"listening to the podcast and/or"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":142.95,"endTime":148.44,"body":"reading the NCTM... Oh, now I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":148.44,"endTime":152.16,"body":"can't remember the name of it."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":148.44,"endTime":152.16,"body":"It's the one where it has the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":152.16,"endTime":155.19,"body":"essential teaching practices in"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":152.16,"endTime":155.19,"body":"it. It'll come to me in a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":155.19,"endTime":159.42,"body":"minute. Because in both of those"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":155.19,"endTime":159.42,"body":"places, in our podcast and in"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":159.42,"endTime":163.77,"body":"that book, we talk about"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":159.42,"endTime":163.77,"body":"patterns of questioning. And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":163.8,"endTime":168.81,"body":"there's two patterns of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":163.8,"endTime":168.81,"body":"questioning that we can focus"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":168.81,"endTime":171.87,"body":"on. One of them is a focusing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":168.81,"endTime":171.87,"body":"pattern of questioning, and one"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":171.87,"endTime":174.9,"body":"of them is a funneling pattern"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":171.87,"endTime":174.9,"body":"of questioning. And we've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":174.9,"endTime":178.2,"body":"mentioned it once before in an"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":174.9,"endTime":178.2,"body":"episode, but we thought we dive"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":178.2,"endTime":181.29,"body":"in a little bit today and do"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":178.2,"endTime":181.29,"body":"more with that. Like, let's,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":182.01,"endTime":185.7,"body":"because Sarah asked, let's talk"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":182.01,"endTime":185.7,"body":"a little bit more about these"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":185.7,"endTime":189.93,"body":"patterns of questioning, and so"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":185.7,"endTime":189.93,"body":"I just want to start by saying"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":190.02,"endTime":193.35,"body":"it's not about a focusing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":190.02,"endTime":193.35,"body":"question or a funneling"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":193.35,"endTime":198.75,"body":"question, it's about a pattern"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":193.35,"endTime":198.75,"body":"of questioning. So, a question"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":198.78,"endTime":201.6,"body":"could appear in a focusing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":198.78,"endTime":201.6,"body":"pattern of questioning, and that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":201.6,"endTime":203.82,"body":"same exact question could appear"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":201.6,"endTime":203.82,"body":"in a funneling pattern of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":203.82,"endTime":206.67,"body":"questioning because it's the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":203.82,"endTime":206.67,"body":"pattern, it's what's happening"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":206.67,"endTime":210.15,"body":"in the whole interaction that's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":206.67,"endTime":210.15,"body":"either more helping students"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":210.18,"endTime":213.12,"body":"focus on the relationships, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":210.18,"endTime":213.12,"body":"the math, and what they know,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":213.12,"endTime":216.12,"body":"and how they can use them to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":213.12,"endTime":216.12,"body":"solve problems. Or it's more of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":216.12,"endTime":220.56,"body":"a funnel that you are kind of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":216.12,"endTime":220.56,"body":"like helping the kids sort of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":220.56,"endTime":225.93,"body":"funnel down the drain of like a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":220.56,"endTime":225.93,"body":"sequence of steps or things to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":225.93,"endTime":229.14,"body":"do. And they end up at the end"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":225.93,"endTime":229.14,"body":"of the funnel with the answer,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":229.38,"endTime":233.64,"body":"but if you remove the funnel,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":229.38,"endTime":233.64,"body":"then the kids got nothing. What"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":233.64,"endTime":236.31,"body":"wasn't happening is the student"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":233.64,"endTime":236.31,"body":"was using their own reasoning."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":236.46,"endTime":238.95,"body":"They were using your reasoning,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":236.46,"endTime":238.95,"body":"your funnel."},{"speaker":"Both Pam and Kim","startTime":239.22,"endTime":239.58,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":239.58,"endTime":243.03,"body":"And so, Sarah's great."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":239.58,"endTime":243.03,"body":"Like, let's parse that out maybe"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":243.03,"endTime":248.1,"body":"a little bit more. So, Kim, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":243.03,"endTime":248.1,"body":"said to you, \"Hey, when we do"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":248.1,"endTime":251.34,"body":"this episode, I think it would"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":248.1,"endTime":251.34,"body":"be really cool if we do some"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":251.34,"endTime":254.46,"body":"kind of like role playing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":251.34,"endTime":254.46,"body":"scenario kinds of things. And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":254.46,"endTime":257.79,"body":"you pushed back on that. Can you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":254.46,"endTime":257.79,"body":"say more about that?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":258.12,"endTime":260.91,"body":"Yeah. So, it's really"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":258.12,"endTime":260.91,"body":"difficult. We're going to be in"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":260.91,"endTime":265.44,"body":"some like imagined situations,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":260.91,"endTime":265.44,"body":"right? And like you just said, a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":265.44,"endTime":269.49,"body":"particular question could fit"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":265.44,"endTime":269.49,"body":"into a funneling situation or a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":269.49,"endTime":273.48,"body":"focusing situation. So, you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":269.49,"endTime":273.48,"body":"know, we're kind of imagining a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":273.48,"endTime":277.56,"body":"situation, and we don't know"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":273.48,"endTime":277.56,"body":"exactly what a kid would say."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":277.59,"endTime":281.1,"body":"And so, so much of it depends on"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":277.59,"endTime":281.1,"body":"what a kid says and how you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":281.1,"endTime":285.51,"body":"respond. So, yeah. (unclear)."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":285.54,"endTime":289.32,"body":"I mean, we talk about our"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":285.54,"endTime":289.32,"body":"mantra, know your content, know"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":289.32,"endTime":290.1,"body":"your kids, right?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":290.1,"endTime":290.46,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":290.6,"endTime":294.23,"body":"So, if I know the content,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":290.6,"endTime":294.23,"body":"I kind of have the the big"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":294.23,"endTime":297.41,"body":"ideas, model strategies. I have"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":294.23,"endTime":297.41,"body":"this real sense of what's next"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":297.41,"endTime":300.8,"body":"and what comes before, and all"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":297.41,"endTime":300.8,"body":"the connections that need to be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":300.8,"endTime":305.15,"body":"made and the different ways"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":300.8,"endTime":305.15,"body":"they're related. And I know the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":305.15,"endTime":308.45,"body":"kid because I'm talking to him,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":305.15,"endTime":308.45,"body":"and I'm hearing them, and I'm"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":308.45,"endTime":311.9,"body":"asking them questions that help"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":308.45,"endTime":311.9,"body":"focus on what that student"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":311.9,"endTime":315.92,"body":"knows, help focus on the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":311.9,"endTime":315.92,"body":"relationship that student owns."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":316.16,"endTime":318.71,"body":"If I'm thinking about if I own"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":316.16,"endTime":318.71,"body":"those two things. I know the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":318.71,"endTime":324.92,"body":"content. I know the kid. Then,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":318.71,"endTime":324.92,"body":"the questions I asked will be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":324.92,"endTime":328.76,"body":"hugely dependent on that kid. I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":324.92,"endTime":328.76,"body":"have to know the content to know"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":328.76,"endTime":331.58,"body":"what kind of questions to ask."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":328.76,"endTime":331.58,"body":"But then, based on how that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":331.58,"endTime":334.19,"body":"student responds, based on"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":331.58,"endTime":334.19,"body":"interactions I've had with them"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":334.19,"endTime":338.66,"body":"before, the same kind of... This"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":334.19,"endTime":338.66,"body":"is what you told me before. The"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":338.66,"endTime":342.5,"body":"same kind of question that I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":338.66,"endTime":342.5,"body":"could. In fact, can you say more"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":342.5,"endTime":343.22,"body":"about your kids?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":344.34,"endTime":346.2,"body":"Oh, I don't know what I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":344.34,"endTime":346.2,"body":"said about him. Remind me."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":346.62,"endTime":347.43,"body":"So, you said something"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":346.62,"endTime":347.43,"body":"about."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":347.43,"endTime":350.88,"body":"Oh, oh, oh. Yeah. So, I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":347.43,"endTime":350.88,"body":"said. Sorry. So, I may be"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":350.88,"endTime":352.5,"body":"talking with Luke, and I..."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":352.53,"endTime":353.34,"body":"Your older."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":353.43,"endTime":356.34,"body":"My older, right. And pick a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":353.43,"endTime":356.34,"body":"kid. It doesn't matter. I might"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":356.34,"endTime":360.81,"body":"be saying something to one of my"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":356.34,"endTime":360.81,"body":"kids, and I might know what he"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":360.81,"endTime":364.29,"body":"knows about a particular"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":360.81,"endTime":364.29,"body":"situation, and I might throw out"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":364.29,"endTime":367.47,"body":"a question or two, and he might"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":364.29,"endTime":367.47,"body":"go, \"Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":367.5,"endTime":372.21,"body":"I'm good.\" And I might throw out"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":367.5,"endTime":372.21,"body":"the same question or two to the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":372.21,"endTime":378.69,"body":"other kid, and they might stare"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":372.21,"endTime":378.69,"body":"at me kind of blankly, so that's"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":378.69,"endTime":381.42,"body":"not helpful to them. It's not"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":378.69,"endTime":381.42,"body":"helpful for me to just say the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":381.42,"endTime":385.23,"body":"same question one or two. And"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":381.42,"endTime":385.23,"body":"what I was just thinking about"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":385.23,"endTime":391.68,"body":"was, in a funneling pattern,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":385.23,"endTime":391.68,"body":"this is where you might hear a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":391.68,"endTime":396.57,"body":"teacher use the same series or"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":391.68,"endTime":396.57,"body":"sequence of questions, no matter"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":397.05,"endTime":399.48,"body":"what kid in their class they're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":397.05,"endTime":399.48,"body":"talking to. And I don't know"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":399.48,"endTime":401.04,"body":"that we've ever said that. I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":399.48,"endTime":401.04,"body":"don't know if we've ever"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":401.31,"endTime":406.05,"body":"verbalized that. But it might be"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":401.31,"endTime":406.05,"body":"that you use the same questions,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":406.11,"endTime":410.52,"body":"all the time, over and over"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":406.11,"endTime":410.52,"body":"again no matter what kid you're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":410.52,"endTime":414.69,"body":"talking to. Where in a focusing"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":410.52,"endTime":414.69,"body":"pattern, it should very much"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":414.69,"endTime":417.09,"body":"depend on the student."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":417.57,"endTime":420.18,"body":"Oh, that's so interesting"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":417.57,"endTime":420.18,"body":"because as you said that, I'm"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":420.18,"endTime":423.63,"body":"picturing. I told a little bit"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":420.18,"endTime":423.63,"body":"of this story before. We were"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":423.66,"endTime":426.24,"body":"videoing in a classroom. It was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":423.66,"endTime":426.24,"body":"a high school classroom, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":426.45,"endTime":429.21,"body":"this teacher was well liked,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":426.45,"endTime":429.21,"body":"well respected. I think he was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":429.21,"endTime":432.63,"body":"the senior... What do you call"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":429.21,"endTime":432.63,"body":"it when you're? Like, the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":432.63,"endTime":435.63,"body":"advisor and helping the kids"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":432.63,"endTime":435.63,"body":"play in the prom. And, you know,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":435.63,"endTime":437.91,"body":"all that senior kind of stuff."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":435.63,"endTime":437.91,"body":"The kids obviously liked him."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":437.91,"endTime":440.94,"body":"When I got into the classroom,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":437.91,"endTime":440.94,"body":"he walked in a little bit after"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":440.94,"endTime":443.55,"body":"me, and he. They were talking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":440.94,"endTime":443.55,"body":"about how he just had a pickup"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":443.64,"endTime":446.97,"body":"basketball game with the kids at"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":443.64,"endTime":446.97,"body":"lunch. And it was super. I was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":446.97,"endTime":448.98,"body":"like, \"Oh, I love teachers like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":446.97,"endTime":448.98,"body":"this because they really like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":448.98,"endTime":451.92,"body":"kids and the kids relate.\" You"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":448.98,"endTime":451.92,"body":"know, and it was a great"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":451.92,"endTime":456.03,"body":"relationship. But then, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":451.92,"endTime":456.03,"body":"watched him walk around during"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":456.03,"endTime":461.16,"body":"class. And if he walked up to a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":456.03,"endTime":461.16,"body":"kid that was stuck, he would go,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":461.7,"endTime":465.57,"body":"\"Okay, so what's the this? Yep."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":461.7,"endTime":465.57,"body":"Now, what's the that? And now"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":465.57,"endTime":468.72,"body":"what do you do next? And now you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":465.57,"endTime":468.72,"body":"need to this.\" And so, he was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":468.72,"endTime":472.5,"body":"asking questions, but when he"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":468.72,"endTime":472.5,"body":"got to the next kid who was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":472.5,"endTime":476.85,"body":"stuck, he would say the exact"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":472.5,"endTime":476.85,"body":"same sequence: \"What's the this?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":476.91,"endTime":481.29,"body":"What's the that? Now, what's the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":476.91,"endTime":481.29,"body":"first step? Now, you've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":481.29,"endTime":483.42,"body":"identified the numbers, now"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":481.29,"endTime":483.42,"body":"what's the next step? What's the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":483.42,"endTime":488.82,"body":"next step?\" That would be a good"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":483.42,"endTime":488.82,"body":"ping to ask yourself, as you are"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":488.94,"endTime":492.54,"body":"helping students, do you tend to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":488.94,"endTime":492.54,"body":"use the same sequence of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":492.54,"endTime":493.02,"body":"questions?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":493.26,"endTime":493.53,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":493.56,"endTime":496.41,"body":"That reminds me, Kim, of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":493.56,"endTime":496.41,"body":"times where people have said,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":496.53,"endTime":499.86,"body":"\"Hey, we kind of want like a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":496.53,"endTime":499.86,"body":"list of the best questions to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":499.86,"endTime":500.22,"body":"ask.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":500.25,"endTime":500.73,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":500.82,"endTime":507.27,"body":"And we've said, \"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":500.82,"endTime":507.27,"body":"that is a helpful thing. Sorry,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":507.27,"endTime":509.97,"body":"I was totally just unplugging my"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":507.27,"endTime":509.97,"body":"headphones, and I was trying to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":509.97,"endTime":511.65,"body":"figure out why I was hearing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":509.97,"endTime":511.65,"body":"crackling in my."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":513.24,"endTime":514.47,"body":"We are such a mess today."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":514.47,"endTime":517.47,"body":"Today's a mess. Alright,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":514.47,"endTime":517.47,"body":"I'm going to stop playing with"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":517.47,"endTime":523.29,"body":"the plug of my headphones. Where"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":517.47,"endTime":523.29,"body":"was I. Oh, yeah. People ask."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":523.32,"endTime":525.15,"body":"Yeah, they asked for this like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":523.32,"endTime":525.15,"body":"list."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":525.15,"endTime":525.33,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":525.36,"endTime":528.0,"body":"Well, and you and I've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":525.36,"endTime":528.0,"body":"always kind of been a little"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":528.0,"endTime":532.32,"body":"uncomfortable with that because"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":528.0,"endTime":532.32,"body":"there are good questions. We can"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":532.32,"endTime":535.11,"body":"give you a list of decent"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":532.32,"endTime":535.11,"body":"questions to ask."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":535.14,"endTime":535.35,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":535.35,"endTime":538.53,"body":"I think the reason that we"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":535.35,"endTime":538.53,"body":"get kind of pausey and hesitant"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":538.8,"endTime":542.4,"body":"is, it's you don't ask the same"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":538.8,"endTime":542.4,"body":"question, at the same time to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":542.4,"endTime":543.03,"body":"every student."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":543.06,"endTime":543.24,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":543.24,"endTime":547.14,"body":"And really you don't ask"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":543.24,"endTime":547.14,"body":"the same sequence of questions."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":547.26,"endTime":548.88,"body":"That's probably the most"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":547.26,"endTime":548.88,"body":"important part of it."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":548.88,"endTime":549.27,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":549.33,"endTime":552.0,"body":"That sequence of questions"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":549.33,"endTime":552.0,"body":"is going to depend on the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":552.03,"endTime":552.75,"body":"student."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":553.08,"endTime":553.29,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":553.29,"endTime":557.73,"body":"Cool. So, I can also say,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":553.29,"endTime":557.73,"body":"there might be a time where"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":557.73,"endTime":559.92,"body":"you're interacting with a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":557.73,"endTime":559.92,"body":"student, and they're just kind"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":559.92,"endTime":561.24,"body":"of being obstinate."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":561.57,"endTime":561.99,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":562.38,"endTime":565.8,"body":"Where they're going to wait"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":562.38,"endTime":565.8,"body":"you out until you tell them what"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":565.8,"endTime":572.37,"body":"to do. And in that case, we"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":565.8,"endTime":572.37,"body":"might as teachers... That might"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":572.37,"endTime":574.98,"body":"be the time where we get the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":572.37,"endTime":574.98,"body":"most like, \"Oh, let me just tell"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":574.98,"endTime":576.66,"body":"you what to do.\" You know like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":574.98,"endTime":576.66,"body":"when the kid's like, \"I don't"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":576.66,"endTime":577.68,"body":"know. I don't know.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":577.68,"endTime":578.76,"body":"Yep, yep."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":578.94,"endTime":582.51,"body":"\"Just tell me what to do.\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":578.94,"endTime":582.51,"body":"So, we also might want to kind"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":582.51,"endTime":587.37,"body":"of parse out when you're dealing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":582.51,"endTime":587.37,"body":"with a kid who's just trying to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":587.37,"endTime":590.1,"body":"wait you out until you just use"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":587.37,"endTime":590.1,"body":"a funneling pattern of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":590.1,"endTime":593.13,"body":"questioning. And maybe we could"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":590.1,"endTime":593.13,"body":"talk about like, Kim, how you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":593.13,"endTime":595.02,"body":"could. In fact, Kim, how would"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":593.13,"endTime":595.02,"body":"you handle that?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":596.31,"endTime":598.62,"body":"I mean, so much of it is"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":596.31,"endTime":598.62,"body":"dependent on the relationship"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":598.62,"endTime":602.22,"body":"with a student right? That's"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":598.62,"endTime":602.22,"body":"kind of the first thing is, you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":602.22,"endTime":606.51,"body":"know, how do we get to this"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":602.22,"endTime":606.51,"body":"place where they're so focused"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":606.51,"endTime":609.18,"body":"on the answer? Have I done"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":606.51,"endTime":609.18,"body":"something to indicate that I'm"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":609.18,"endTime":612.9,"body":"focused on the answer? You know,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":609.18,"endTime":612.9,"body":"what's their background in"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":612.9,"endTime":613.68,"body":"mathematics?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":613.68,"endTime":617.85,"body":"I mean, it might be the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":613.68,"endTime":617.85,"body":"beginning of the year where they"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":617.85,"endTime":619.53,"body":"come to you, and they've all"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":617.85,"endTime":619.53,"body":"kind of had that as their"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":619.53,"endTime":619.92,"body":"background."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":619.95,"endTime":624.72,"body":"Yeah. Well, it could be."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":619.95,"endTime":624.72,"body":"You know, it has happened. You"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":624.72,"endTime":629.07,"body":"know, it's on me, and so I have"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":624.72,"endTime":629.07,"body":"to really think about what do I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":629.07,"endTime":633.6,"body":"know about the student and try"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":629.07,"endTime":633.6,"body":"to enter into a place where they"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":633.6,"endTime":637.59,"body":"have access to something, right?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":633.6,"endTime":637.59,"body":"I think kids, when they're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":637.65,"endTime":640.11,"body":"seemingly obstinate, when"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":637.65,"endTime":640.11,"body":"they're like, I'm just going to"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":640.11,"endTime":643.83,"body":"say something. Most of the time"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":640.11,"endTime":643.83,"body":"it comes from they're trying to"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":643.83,"endTime":648.33,"body":"regurgitate something they think"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":643.83,"endTime":648.33,"body":"you want, or they're trying to"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":648.33,"endTime":652.29,"body":"check out a little bit because"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":648.33,"endTime":652.29,"body":"we haven't accessed what they"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":652.29,"endTime":655.05,"body":"know. And that's kind of the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":652.29,"endTime":655.05,"body":"whole point of questioning to me"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":655.05,"endTime":658.8,"body":"is, let me get to where you are,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":655.05,"endTime":658.8,"body":"that you know something about"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":658.8,"endTime":663.15,"body":"this. And instead of like, shove"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":658.8,"endTime":663.15,"body":"you along, let me dig into a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":663.15,"endTime":669.84,"body":"conversation with you, and guide"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":663.15,"endTime":669.84,"body":"you, and partner with you, and"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":669.84,"endTime":673.11,"body":"have a conversation with you, so"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":669.84,"endTime":673.11,"body":"that we can make connections"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":673.11,"endTime":673.71,"body":"together."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":674.1,"endTime":676.38,"body":"Yeah, so know your content,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":674.1,"endTime":676.38,"body":"know your kids. You're sort of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":676.38,"endTime":679.77,"body":"thinking everything you know"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":676.38,"endTime":679.77,"body":"about that student, and then"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":679.77,"endTime":682.71,"body":"you're using that to enter into"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":679.77,"endTime":682.71,"body":"the conversation."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":682.74,"endTime":684.0,"body":"Yeah, for sure."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":684.39,"endTime":687.93,"body":"Okay, so let's maybe try."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":684.39,"endTime":687.93,"body":"We're going to try to kind of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":688.29,"endTime":690.75,"body":"not really roleplay but kind of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":688.29,"endTime":690.75,"body":"describe some situations."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":690.75,"endTime":690.99,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":691.26,"endTime":692.97,"body":"Let's see if we can kind of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":691.26,"endTime":692.97,"body":"parse out what would it look"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":692.97,"endTime":695.28,"body":"like to have a focusing pattern"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":692.97,"endTime":695.28,"body":"of questioning? What would it"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":695.28,"endTime":697.83,"body":"look like to have a funneling"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":695.28,"endTime":697.83,"body":"pattern of questioning? But"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":697.83,"endTime":701.01,"body":"we're also going to be super"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":697.83,"endTime":701.01,"body":"clear, listeners, that this is"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":701.01,"endTime":706.56,"body":"hard for us because we kind of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":701.01,"endTime":706.56,"body":"were talking before, and as I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":706.56,"endTime":710.34,"body":"try to do it, I just"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":706.56,"endTime":710.34,"body":"instinctively start \"focusing\"."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":710.37,"endTime":714.03,"body":"Like, it's hard for me to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":710.37,"endTime":714.03,"body":"imagine funneling. I almost have"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":714.03,"endTime":717.15,"body":"to think of what I've seen. So,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":714.03,"endTime":717.15,"body":"we'll do our best. Kim, you can"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":717.15,"endTime":719.52,"body":"call me out if you're like, \"No,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":717.15,"endTime":719.52,"body":"no. You're focusing not"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":719.52,"endTime":724.47,"body":"funneling.\" Alright, so let's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":719.52,"endTime":724.47,"body":"say that you're sitting down"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":724.47,"endTime":728.85,"body":"with a second grade student, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":724.47,"endTime":728.85,"body":"there's a word problem. Could"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":728.85,"endTime":731.64,"body":"you envision a teacher saying?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":728.85,"endTime":731.64,"body":"So, student's like. You know,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":731.64,"endTime":733.56,"body":"teacher says, \"Hey, you know...\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":731.64,"endTime":733.56,"body":"I don't know. \"Are you stuck?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":733.56,"endTime":736.68,"body":"Or whatever. The kid says. \"I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":733.56,"endTime":736.68,"body":"need help.\" In some way, the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":736.68,"endTime":738.72,"body":"teacher's kind of entering in to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":736.68,"endTime":738.72,"body":"help the student."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":739.02,"endTime":739.35,"body":"Yep."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":739.74,"endTime":743.58,"body":"Could you envision a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":739.74,"endTime":743.58,"body":"teacher saying, \"Okay, so it's a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":743.58,"endTime":744.36,"body":"word problem.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":744.6,"endTime":745.05,"body":"Yep."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":745.03,"endTime":745.99,"body":"\"Look at our poster over"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":745.03,"endTime":745.99,"body":"here. We've got our CUBES, our"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":745.99,"endTime":746.89,"body":"steps, or (unclear) poster on"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":745.99,"endTime":746.89,"body":"the on the wall.\" That was a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":746.89,"endTime":747.94,"body":"joke, unintentionally. \"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":746.89,"endTime":747.94,"body":"what is the first thing you're"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":747.94,"endTime":749.14,"body":"supposed to do?\" Yeah. And then"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":747.94,"endTime":749.14,"body":"look at the poster, right? And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":749.14,"endTime":752.2,"body":"the kid says, Oh, I'm supposed"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":749.14,"endTime":752.2,"body":"to find the keywords.\" \"Okay, go"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":752.62,"endTime":757.39,"body":"underline the key words. What's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":752.62,"endTime":757.39,"body":"the second thing we're supposed"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":757.39,"endTime":765.82,"body":"to do?\" \"I'm supposed to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":757.39,"endTime":765.82,"body":"identify the numbers.\" And so,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":765.82,"endTime":769.0,"body":"the teacher is literally saying,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":765.82,"endTime":769.0,"body":"\"What's the first thing?\" But,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":769.0,"endTime":772.72,"body":"you know, pointing at the. With"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":769.0,"endTime":772.72,"body":"good intention, trying to get"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":772.72,"endTime":775.24,"body":"the kids to use the resource"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":772.72,"endTime":775.24,"body":"that they've already laid out."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":775.24,"endTime":779.17,"body":"Whatever. And as I sort of like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":775.24,"endTime":779.17,"body":"\"What's the next thing? Okay, do"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":779.17,"endTime":783.61,"body":"it. What's the next thing? Okay,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":779.17,"endTime":783.61,"body":"do it.\" I would suggest that's a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":783.61,"endTime":786.64,"body":"funneling pattern of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":783.61,"endTime":786.64,"body":"questioning. I'm funneling the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":786.64,"endTime":789.67,"body":"kids through this sequence of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":786.64,"endTime":789.67,"body":"predetermined steps that someone"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":789.67,"endTime":793.3,"body":"else has thought about. And,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":789.67,"endTime":793.3,"body":"again, it's with the well"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":793.3,"endTime":796.96,"body":"intentioned of if maybe we think"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":793.3,"endTime":796.96,"body":"if I do that enough with a kid,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":796.96,"endTime":799.21,"body":"then they'll do that process on"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":796.96,"endTime":799.21,"body":"their own."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":799.32,"endTime":799.98,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":800.23,"endTime":803.17,"body":"We would suggest, that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":800.23,"endTime":803.17,"body":"doesn't typically work very"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":803.17,"endTime":803.56,"body":"well."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":804.0,"endTime":804.39,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":804.72,"endTime":809.82,"body":"So, what could it look like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":804.72,"endTime":809.82,"body":"to help a student focus on that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":809.82,"endTime":811.65,"body":"second grade problem, word"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":809.82,"endTime":811.65,"body":"problem?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":811.65,"endTime":811.83,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":811.83,"endTime":814.17,"body":"So, Kim, you walk up to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":811.83,"endTime":814.17,"body":"that second grade kid. What are"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":814.17,"endTime":815.19,"body":"some things that might happen?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":815.49,"endTime":817.89,"body":"Well, so I had to write"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":815.49,"endTime":817.89,"body":"down some numbers because, you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":817.89,"endTime":821.13,"body":"know, also that will depend. So,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":817.89,"endTime":821.13,"body":"I just wrote second grade, 18"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":821.13,"endTime":825.63,"body":"plus 39. So, I might sit down"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":821.13,"endTime":825.63,"body":"next to a student, and the first"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":825.63,"endTime":828.81,"body":"thing I'm going to say is, \"Have"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":825.63,"endTime":828.81,"body":"you had a chance to read the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":828.81,"endTime":832.71,"body":"problem? Okay, cool. We got"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":828.81,"endTime":832.71,"body":"that.\" So, I might say, \"Tell me"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":832.71,"endTime":837.21,"body":"what you're thinking right now."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":832.71,"endTime":837.21,"body":"And a student might say... They"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":837.21,"endTime":839.76,"body":"could say, \"I'm not thinking"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":837.21,"endTime":839.76,"body":"about anything.\" But they might"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":839.76,"endTime":844.47,"body":"say, \"Oh, this is about cars.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":839.76,"endTime":844.47,"body":"Or whatever. Pick a thing. Like,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":844.47,"endTime":844.77,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":844.77,"endTime":845.01,"body":"Pokemon."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":845.48,"endTime":849.35,"body":"Yeah, Pokemon. Good. So I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":845.48,"endTime":849.35,"body":"might say, \"What's the problem"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":849.35,"endTime":853.28,"body":"about?\" And they might say, \"Oh,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":849.35,"endTime":853.28,"body":"well, there's like one friend"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":853.28,"endTime":856.31,"body":"has 18 Pokemon, and the other"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":853.28,"endTime":856.31,"body":"friend has 39 Pokemon.\" And I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":856.31,"endTime":858.89,"body":"might say, \"Oh, that's"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":856.31,"endTime":858.89,"body":"interesting. What's going to"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":858.89,"endTime":862.25,"body":"happen with this problem?\" Like,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":858.89,"endTime":862.25,"body":"\"What do you know?\" And they're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":862.25,"endTime":865.31,"body":"like, \"Well, there's two kids,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":862.25,"endTime":865.31,"body":"and they have Pokemon.\" They"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":865.31,"endTime":868.22,"body":"might repeat, right? And I might"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":865.31,"endTime":868.22,"body":"say, \"Do you think that there's"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":868.22,"endTime":871.85,"body":"going to be more Pokemon? Or do"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":868.22,"endTime":871.85,"body":"you think there might be less"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":871.85,"endTime":876.83,"body":"Pokemon? How do you know?\" And"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":871.85,"endTime":876.83,"body":"they might say something about"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":876.83,"endTime":878.48,"body":"that. And I might say, \"Oh,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":876.83,"endTime":878.48,"body":"those are some interesting"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":878.48,"endTime":881.72,"body":"numbers. Tell me about those"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":878.48,"endTime":881.72,"body":"numbers.\" \"Well, it's 18 and"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":881.72,"endTime":885.89,"body":"39.\" Like, \"Oh, those are"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":881.72,"endTime":885.89,"body":"interesting numbers. I wonder if"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":885.92,"endTime":889.79,"body":"there's anything near those"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":885.92,"endTime":889.79,"body":"numbers that might be useful?\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":889.79,"endTime":892.34,"body":"And the kid might say, \"Well, 18"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":889.79,"endTime":892.34,"body":"is like kind of close to 20.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":892.43,"endTime":896.72,"body":"Like, \"Oh, interesting.\" So,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":892.43,"endTime":896.72,"body":"it's a... I'm going to suggest"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":896.72,"endTime":900.38,"body":"something, and I'm going to take"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":896.72,"endTime":900.38,"body":"what you say back to me, and"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":900.71,"endTime":903.5,"body":"that's going to guide me to the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":900.71,"endTime":903.5,"body":"next thing. If they say, \"I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":903.77,"endTime":906.5,"body":"don't know anything about what"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":903.77,"endTime":906.5,"body":"they're near.\" I'm like, \"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":906.68,"endTime":909.2,"body":"so you've said that you think"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":906.68,"endTime":909.2,"body":"the number's going to be...\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":909.29,"endTime":913.61,"body":"When it's asking me about how"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":909.29,"endTime":913.61,"body":"many do they have together, you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":913.61,"endTime":916.97,"body":"might say, \"I think it's going"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":913.61,"endTime":916.97,"body":"to be more than the two"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":916.97,"endTime":920.33,"body":"separated, the 18 and the 39.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":916.97,"endTime":920.33,"body":"And I might say, \"Tell me why"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":920.33,"endTime":923.87,"body":"you think so?\" \"Well, because I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":920.33,"endTime":923.87,"body":"think I'm supposed to add the 18"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":923.87,"endTime":927.71,"body":"and 39.\" And once they"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":923.87,"endTime":927.71,"body":"understand what the situation of"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":927.71,"endTime":931.79,"body":"the problem is, then I can get"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":927.71,"endTime":931.79,"body":"into like a strategy they might"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":931.79,"endTime":934.61,"body":"use and have a conversation"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":931.79,"endTime":934.61,"body":"about strategy, right? So, the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":934.61,"endTime":936.71,"body":"first thing about a word problem"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":934.61,"endTime":936.71,"body":"is, \"Does it make sense to you?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":936.71,"endTime":939.89,"body":"Do you know what we're even"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":936.71,"endTime":939.89,"body":"being asked?' And we're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":939.89,"endTime":942.89,"body":"visualizing it. We're describing"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":939.89,"endTime":942.89,"body":"it. We're trying to understand"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":942.89,"endTime":943.31,"body":"what's happening."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":943.0,"endTime":945.22,"body":"You're like diving in."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":943.0,"endTime":945.22,"body":"You're diving in, and like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":945.28,"endTime":947.71,"body":"really what's going on in this"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":945.28,"endTime":947.71,"body":"problem? Let's be really clear"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":947.71,"endTime":948.76,"body":"what's happening."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":948.99,"endTime":949.32,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":949.32,"endTime":949.89,"body":"What the problem's all"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":949.32,"endTime":949.89,"body":"about."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":949.89,"endTime":952.98,"body":"And then, I can have a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":949.89,"endTime":952.98,"body":"conversation about, \"Okay, so"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":952.98,"endTime":955.5,"body":"you think you're going to add"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":952.98,"endTime":955.5,"body":"these numbers. Tell me what you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":955.5,"endTime":959.16,"body":"know.\" And so, I might say"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":955.5,"endTime":959.16,"body":"something like, \"You said that"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":959.19,"endTime":964.59,"body":"18 was really close to 20. How"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":959.19,"endTime":964.59,"body":"can that help you?\" \"Well, I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":964.59,"endTime":970.59,"body":"think I can... If I add 39, then"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":964.59,"endTime":970.59,"body":"I can add 20. Oh, do you know 39"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":970.59,"endTime":973.41,"body":"and 20?\" Yes or no. \"Okay.\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":974.55,"endTime":977.55,"body":"At each of these junctures,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":974.55,"endTime":977.55,"body":"you're pausing before."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":977.55,"endTime":977.64,"body":"Yep."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":977.88,"endTime":980.19,"body":"And if they're saying"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":977.88,"endTime":980.19,"body":"something, you're not asking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":980.19,"endTime":982.35,"body":"that next more particular"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":980.19,"endTime":982.35,"body":"question, right?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":982.38,"endTime":983.13,"body":"Right, right."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":983.13,"endTime":984.33,"body":"Yeah, I just wanted to."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":983.13,"endTime":984.33,"body":"You're..."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":984.33,"endTime":984.78,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":984.96,"endTime":985.92,"body":"Yeah, keep going."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":986.17,"endTime":988.3,"body":"Well, I was going to say,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":986.17,"endTime":988.3,"body":"it's really a conversation, you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":988.3,"endTime":994.6,"body":"know. It reminds me of when you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":988.3,"endTime":994.6,"body":"want to know something about,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":994.63,"endTime":997.93,"body":"like, somebody's telling a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":994.63,"endTime":997.93,"body":"story, and they say something,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":997.96,"endTime":1000.42,"body":"you're going to ask a deeper"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":997.96,"endTime":1000.42,"body":"question, a more detailed"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1000.42,"endTime":1004.08,"body":"question, so that you can really"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1000.42,"endTime":1004.08,"body":"understand it more. And so, it's"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1004.08,"endTime":1007.08,"body":"a back and forth conversation,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1004.08,"endTime":1007.08,"body":"not a series of questions that"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1007.08,"endTime":1009.51,"body":"I'm asking because I need them"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1007.08,"endTime":1009.51,"body":"to know, \"Okay, now I'm going to"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1009.51,"endTime":1011.73,"body":"ask you the next specified"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1009.51,"endTime":1011.73,"body":"thing, and the next specified"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1011.73,"endTime":1016.56,"body":"thing.\" Whatever they say, I'm"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1011.73,"endTime":1016.56,"body":"thinking about, \"What's the next"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1016.56,"endTime":1021.9,"body":"thing I can ask, or think about,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1016.56,"endTime":1021.9,"body":"or help them visualize, so that"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1021.9,"endTime":1025.56,"body":"then they know whether or not"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1021.9,"endTime":1025.56,"body":"that's helpful to them?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1026.42,"endTime":1028.64,"body":"Yeah, and maybe I'll say,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1026.42,"endTime":1028.64,"body":"what's the next thing you can"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1028.64,"endTime":1032.39,"body":"ask to help them focus on"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1028.64,"endTime":1032.39,"body":"whether that's going to be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1032.39,"endTime":1033.77,"body":"helpful to them or not? Right?"},{"speaker":"Both Pam and Kim","startTime":1033.829,"endTime":1034.189,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1034.0,"endTime":1039.61,"body":"You're literally helping"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1034.0,"endTime":1039.61,"body":"them focus by asking a focusing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1039.61,"endTime":1042.46,"body":"pattern of questioning. Kim, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1039.61,"endTime":1042.46,"body":"want to highlight two things. I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1042.46,"endTime":1045.85,"body":"was writing quickly while you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1042.46,"endTime":1045.85,"body":"were talking. So, a couple of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1045.85,"endTime":1049.66,"body":"things that I want to highlight"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1045.85,"endTime":1049.66,"body":"is that you started... So, the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1049.66,"endTime":1052.12,"body":"kid needs help. I feel like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1049.66,"endTime":1052.12,"body":"we've established in some way,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1052.12,"endTime":1054.1,"body":"the kid's raise their hand, or"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1052.12,"endTime":1054.1,"body":"you've gone over there. You see"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1054.1,"endTime":1057.1,"body":"they're. Whatever. Kid needs"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1054.1,"endTime":1057.1,"body":"help. And the very first thing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1057.1,"endTime":1060.82,"body":"you said was, \"What are you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1057.1,"endTime":1060.82,"body":"thinking about?\" The very first"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1060.82,"endTime":1063.61,"body":"thing you didn't say was, \"Tell"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1060.82,"endTime":1063.61,"body":"me what's happening in the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1063.61,"endTime":1066.13,"body":"problem.\" Or, \"Tell me what"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1063.61,"endTime":1066.13,"body":"you're going to do in the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1066.13,"endTime":1071.14,"body":"problem.\" Or, \"Show your"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1066.13,"endTime":1071.14,"body":"thinking on the paper.\" Or..."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1071.18,"endTime":1072.86,"body":"\"What operation are you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1071.18,"endTime":1072.86,"body":"going to do?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1072.95,"endTime":1075.86,"body":"Yeah. What you said was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1072.95,"endTime":1075.86,"body":"this very open, \"What are you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1075.86,"endTime":1079.73,"body":"thinking about?\" Because that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1075.86,"endTime":1079.73,"body":"might have been enough, right"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1079.73,"endTime":1081.86,"body":"there, that you wouldn't have"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1079.73,"endTime":1081.86,"body":"asked any of the other questions"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1081.86,"endTime":1084.89,"body":"you just asked. Because in that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1081.86,"endTime":1084.89,"body":"moment, they might have said,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1084.92,"endTime":1087.62,"body":"\"Well, I'm thinking...\" I don't"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1084.92,"endTime":1087.62,"body":"remember the numbers. 39 and 18"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1087.62,"endTime":1088.7,"body":"or something. Whatever numbers"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1087.62,"endTime":1088.7,"body":"you made up."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1088.73,"endTime":1089.0,"body":"Yep."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1089.0,"endTime":1095.54,"body":"\"I'm thinking about 39"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1089.0,"endTime":1095.54,"body":"Pokemon and 18 Pokemon, and I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1095.54,"endTime":1098.78,"body":"was trying to decide if I was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1095.54,"endTime":1098.78,"body":"going to add 40 to 18 or if I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1098.78,"endTime":1104.66,"body":"was getting add 20 to 39.\" And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1098.78,"endTime":1104.66,"body":"then, you walk away, right? So,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1104.69,"endTime":1107.75,"body":"what I'm suggesting is, is that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1104.69,"endTime":1107.75,"body":"very first question, you're"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1107.84,"endTime":1110.78,"body":"gathering information. Like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1107.84,"endTime":1110.78,"body":"\"What are you thinking about?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1110.81,"endTime":1113.66,"body":"in this kind of general way? And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1110.81,"endTime":1113.66,"body":"then, you went on to ask more"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1113.66,"endTime":1117.32,"body":"specific questions because"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1113.66,"endTime":1117.32,"body":"you're assuming that when you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1117.32,"endTime":1123.86,"body":"ask that, the kid didn't exhibit"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1117.32,"endTime":1123.86,"body":"a lot of understanding or"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1123.86,"endTime":1126.35,"body":"something of what was happening."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1123.86,"endTime":1126.35,"body":"So, then, you're going to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1126.68,"endTime":1129.14,"body":"continue this pattern of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1126.68,"endTime":1129.14,"body":"focusing. I'm helping the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1129.14,"endTime":1130.19,"body":"student focus on stuff."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1130.81,"endTime":1133.57,"body":"Well, and so sometimes the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1130.81,"endTime":1133.57,"body":"if I say, \"What are you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1133.57,"endTime":1136.27,"body":"thinking?\" You know, a very"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1133.57,"endTime":1136.27,"body":"common response might be, \"I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1136.27,"endTime":1140.35,"body":"don't know what to do.\" And so,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1136.27,"endTime":1140.35,"body":"then, the next thing I might say"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1140.35,"endTime":1144.22,"body":"is, \"Tell me what you do know,\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1140.35,"endTime":1144.22,"body":"so that I'm not assuming"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1144.22,"endTime":1148.06,"body":"knowledge, and I'm not telling"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1144.22,"endTime":1148.06,"body":"them what they should have"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1148.06,"endTime":1151.42,"body":"known. I'm giving them an"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1148.06,"endTime":1151.42,"body":"opportunity to share with me"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1151.69,"endTime":1154.75,"body":"what do they already have under"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1151.69,"endTime":1154.75,"body":"their belt about this particular"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1154.75,"endTime":1155.29,"body":"problem."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1156.77,"endTime":1158.66,"body":"Yeah. Okay, and so I want"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1156.77,"endTime":1158.66,"body":"to point out one other thing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1158.69,"endTime":1161.72,"body":"that you said. If I can read my"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1158.69,"endTime":1161.72,"body":"writing. You said, \"What do you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1161.72,"endTime":1164.03,"body":"think...\" Once you got to sort"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1161.72,"endTime":1164.03,"body":"of where you'd kind of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1164.03,"endTime":1165.89,"body":"identified what was. You know,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1164.03,"endTime":1165.89,"body":"the kids like, \"Yeah, I know"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1165.89,"endTime":1169.04,"body":"what's happening in the problem."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1165.89,"endTime":1169.04,"body":"And, it's these numbers. And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1169.04,"endTime":1171.74,"body":"it's more or less.\" Or whatever."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1169.04,"endTime":1171.74,"body":"Then you said, \"What do you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1171.74,"endTime":1175.04,"body":"think about those numbers?\" I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1171.74,"endTime":1175.04,"body":"just want to highlight that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1175.04,"endTime":1178.22,"body":"question. Because \"What do you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1175.04,"endTime":1178.22,"body":"think about those numbers?\" is"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1178.52,"endTime":1182.27,"body":"exactly like that \"What are you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1178.52,"endTime":1182.27,"body":"thinking about?\" question. That"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1182.3,"endTime":1184.34,"body":"we've established what's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1182.3,"endTime":1184.34,"body":"happening in the problem, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1184.34,"endTime":1186.05,"body":"you know that these are the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1184.34,"endTime":1186.05,"body":"numbers that are important, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1186.05,"endTime":1188.6,"body":"you know it's going to be more"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1186.05,"endTime":1188.6,"body":"than those. And then, you just"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1188.6,"endTime":1191.0,"body":"said, \"So, what are you thinking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1188.6,"endTime":1191.0,"body":"about those numbers?\" That's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1191.03,"endTime":1194.21,"body":"brilliant because, again, you're"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1191.03,"endTime":1194.21,"body":"helping the student ask"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1194.21,"endTime":1197.84,"body":"themselves, \"What am I thinking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1194.21,"endTime":1197.84,"body":"about those numbers?\" What does"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1197.84,"endTime":1201.68,"body":"the student know? What's pinging"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1197.84,"endTime":1201.68,"body":"for them? It's not you forcing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1201.68,"endTime":1205.31,"body":"something on them, it's you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1201.68,"endTime":1205.31,"body":"helping them focus on what they"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1205.31,"endTime":1205.76,"body":"know."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1206.21,"endTime":1208.61,"body":"Well, and it could be that"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1206.21,"endTime":1208.61,"body":"a kid might say something like,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1208.64,"endTime":1212.03,"body":"\"I know 10 and 30 is 40.\" And"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1208.64,"endTime":1212.03,"body":"instantly I'm like, \"Oh, you're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1212.03,"endTime":1215.66,"body":"thinking split by place value.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1212.03,"endTime":1215.66,"body":"Or they might say, \"Well, 39 is"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1215.66,"endTime":1218.18,"body":"close to 40.\" I'm like, \"Oh, you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1215.66,"endTime":1218.18,"body":"might want to do a little Over"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1218.18,"endTime":1220.64,"body":"strategy.\" Or whatever."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1221.0,"endTime":1224.96,"body":"Whatever they say, I'm like"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1221.0,"endTime":1224.96,"body":"racking my brain for strategies"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1221.03,"endTime":1221.21,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1224.96,"endTime":1228.41,"body":"that they might be thinking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1224.96,"endTime":1228.41,"body":"about, that then I can help"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1228.65,"endTime":1230.66,"body":"think about that strategy aloud"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1228.65,"endTime":1230.66,"body":"with them."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1231.26,"endTime":1234.98,"body":"Which doesn't look like you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1231.26,"endTime":1234.98,"body":"saying, \"Okay, so then right"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1234.98,"endTime":1237.05,"body":"now, you should... Okay, do the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1234.98,"endTime":1237.05,"body":"Over strategy.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1237.41,"endTime":1241.04,"body":"\"Write 18. Now, make a jump"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1237.41,"endTime":1241.04,"body":"of 40. Now, go back 1. Good"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1241.04,"endTime":1243.23,"body":"job.\" Walk away. (unclear)."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1243.26,"endTime":1246.14,"body":"That would be a funneling"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1243.26,"endTime":1246.14,"body":"pattern right there. Yeah. Like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1246.41,"endTime":1248.81,"body":"\"Okay, then do these things.\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1246.41,"endTime":1248.81,"body":"Instead, you're helping them"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1248.81,"endTime":1252.59,"body":"focus on what they know. \"Oh, so"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1248.81,"endTime":1252.59,"body":"you're thinking about 40? Well,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1252.59,"endTime":1258.8,"body":"how could 40 help you with this"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1252.59,"endTime":1258.8,"body":"39 and 18. Oh, okay.\" Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1258.83,"endTime":1261.59,"body":"yeah. I love it. That was a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1258.83,"endTime":1261.59,"body":"super good example. Let me give"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1261.59,"endTime":1264.74,"body":"you another example. Let's get a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1261.59,"endTime":1264.74,"body":"little older. So, let's say that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1264.77,"endTime":1267.86,"body":"a student is finding the volume"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1264.77,"endTime":1267.86,"body":"of a rectangular prism."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1268.19,"endTime":1268.67,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1269.06,"endTime":1272.512,"body":"Let's see, a funneling"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1269.06,"endTime":1272.512,"body":"pattern could look like. \"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1272.576,"endTime":1276.028,"body":"so it says you're finding"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1272.576,"endTime":1276.028,"body":"volume. Get out your...\" And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1276.092,"endTime":1279.8,"body":"we're in the state of Texas, so"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1276.092,"endTime":1279.8,"body":"they have a formula sheet."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1279.0,"endTime":1280.59,"body":"The STAAR, yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1280.64,"endTime":1284.21,"body":"Yeah. And so, \"Take out"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1280.64,"endTime":1284.21,"body":"your formula sheet for your high"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1284.21,"endTime":1289.7,"body":"stakes test. Find volume. Okay,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1284.21,"endTime":1289.7,"body":"so what do you do? What...\" See,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1289.7,"endTime":1292.94,"body":"now I'm trying to. I'm getting"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1289.7,"endTime":1292.94,"body":"more focusing. Let me see if I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1292.94,"endTime":1299.18,"body":"can funnel. \"There's the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1292.94,"endTime":1299.18,"body":"formula, so where's...\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1299.3,"endTime":1300.26,"body":"\"What are the numbers?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1301.05,"endTime":1303.12,"body":"Yeah, I was like. What"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1301.05,"endTime":1303.12,"body":"would it be? Base times height"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1303.15,"endTime":1307.62,"body":"times length or something?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1303.15,"endTime":1307.62,"body":"Length, width, height. \"So, what"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1307.62,"endTime":1311.46,"body":"is 'L'? Ok, go find it. What's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1307.62,"endTime":1311.46,"body":"'W'. Go, find it. What's 'H'?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1311.49,"endTime":1314.58,"body":"Go, find it. Okay, now multiply"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1311.49,"endTime":1314.58,"body":"them together.\" Like, that would"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1314.58,"endTime":1317.52,"body":"be kind of. I'm asking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1314.58,"endTime":1317.52,"body":"questions. \"What's 'L'? What's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1317.55,"endTime":1320.79,"body":"'H'?\" But they're just like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1317.55,"endTime":1320.79,"body":"plucking numbers, right? And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1320.79,"endTime":1322.47,"body":"they're plugging them in a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1320.79,"endTime":1322.47,"body":"formula, and they're not"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1322.47,"endTime":1325.14,"body":"thinking about. Like, I've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1322.47,"endTime":1325.14,"body":"already even identified for"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1325.14,"endTime":1328.41,"body":"them. \"It's volume, get your"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1325.14,"endTime":1328.41,"body":"chart out.\" Like, \"Look at your"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1328.41,"endTime":1332.52,"body":"formula.\" So, that could be kind"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1328.41,"endTime":1332.52,"body":"of maybe a funneling pattern of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1332.52,"endTime":1334.65,"body":"questions. What would focusing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1332.52,"endTime":1334.65,"body":"look like?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1336.18,"endTime":1341.1,"body":"So, similar to the second"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1336.18,"endTime":1341.1,"body":"grade problem. I might say,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1341.13,"endTime":1345.33,"body":"\"Hey, tell me about this prism.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1341.13,"endTime":1345.33,"body":"So, they might say something"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1345.33,"endTime":1350.91,"body":"like, \"Well, I know it's 3 long"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1345.33,"endTime":1350.91,"body":"and 2 tall and...\" Whatever,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1350.94,"endTime":1354.09,"body":"pick a number. And I might say,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1350.94,"endTime":1354.09,"body":"\"Can you picture that?\" Like,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1354.12,"endTime":1357.93,"body":"\"Can you picture what that would"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1354.12,"endTime":1357.93,"body":"look like?\" We might sketch it."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1357.93,"endTime":1361.41,"body":"We might not. I might say, \"Hey,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1357.93,"endTime":1361.41,"body":"what's going on with the base?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1361.44,"endTime":1365.19,"body":"Tell me about the base.\" We"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1361.44,"endTime":1365.19,"body":"might say, \"Well, it's this wide"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1365.19,"endTime":1368.91,"body":"and this long.\" \"Oh, that's"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1365.19,"endTime":1368.91,"body":"interesting. That's the base?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1368.94,"endTime":1372.51,"body":"Okay, cool.\" And then, \"What"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1368.94,"endTime":1372.51,"body":"else do we know?\" They might"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1372.51,"endTime":1375.48,"body":"say, \"Well, it's whatever tall.\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1372.51,"endTime":1375.48,"body":"I'm like, \"Oh, okay. So the base"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1375.48,"endTime":1379.89,"body":"you said was... blah, blah,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1375.48,"endTime":1379.89,"body":"blah. And how tall? Oh, okay."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1379.89,"endTime":1382.65,"body":"So, I'm picturing the base...\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1379.89,"endTime":1382.65,"body":"And I'm using hand motions at"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1382.65,"endTime":1386.64,"body":"the time, and I'm helping them"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1382.65,"endTime":1386.64,"body":"visualize what's going on. And"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1386.64,"endTime":1389.91,"body":"I'm like, \"I'm picturing some"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1386.64,"endTime":1389.91,"body":"layers. Can you picture those"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1389.91,"endTime":1394.41,"body":"layers? Okay, cool.\" So, tell me"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1389.91,"endTime":1394.41,"body":"about the base again. Ah, so the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1394.41,"endTime":1399.0,"body":"bass is... blah, blah, blah. And"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1394.41,"endTime":1399.0,"body":"then it's got...\" I'm with my"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1399.0,"endTime":1402.12,"body":"hand motions, thinking about"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1399.0,"endTime":1402.12,"body":"some height, the layers of the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1402.12,"endTime":1405.21,"body":"height. And I might say, \"What"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1402.12,"endTime":1405.21,"body":"are we supposed to figure out?\""},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1405.72,"endTime":1410.07,"body":"\"The area.\" \"Wonder how the base"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1405.72,"endTime":1410.07,"body":"can help me find the area?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1410.19,"endTime":1411.78,"body":"Oh, you mean volume, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1410.19,"endTime":1411.78,"body":"think. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1412.05,"endTime":1413.13,"body":"Oh, whatever. Volume."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1415.65,"endTime":1416.91,"body":"We had the area of the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1415.65,"endTime":1416.91,"body":"base."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1416.94,"endTime":1417.72,"body":"The area of the base."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1418.38,"endTime":1420.42,"body":"And you're trying to find"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1418.38,"endTime":1420.42,"body":"volume. Whatever, Pam."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1420.72,"endTime":1424.47,"body":"\"I wonder how the area of"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1420.72,"endTime":1424.47,"body":"the base might help me...\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1424.83,"endTime":1425.22,"body":"I love it."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1425.55,"endTime":1428.55,"body":"With the total volume,"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1425.55,"endTime":1428.55,"body":"right. So, there's a little bit"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1428.55,"endTime":1431.55,"body":"of wondering aloud and a little"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1428.55,"endTime":1431.55,"body":"bit of like asking them to be"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1431.55,"endTime":1435.21,"body":"involved in the wondering with"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1431.55,"endTime":1435.21,"body":"me and chiming in with what they"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1435.21,"endTime":1435.6,"body":"know."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1435.69,"endTime":1440.73,"body":"Yeah. I love it. I wonder"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1435.69,"endTime":1440.73,"body":"if even maybe... Earlier, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1440.73,"endTime":1443.61,"body":"loved how you were envisioning."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1440.73,"endTime":1443.61,"body":"I wonder if I might have said"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1443.61,"endTime":1446.13,"body":"something like, \"So, volume."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1443.61,"endTime":1446.13,"body":"What is that? Is that like we're"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1446.13,"endTime":1449.91,"body":"wrapping the box? Is that like"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1446.13,"endTime":1449.91,"body":"we're filling the box? Like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1449.91,"endTime":1451.86,"body":"what's happening? What does"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1449.91,"endTime":1451.86,"body":"volume mean?\" I might want to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1451.86,"endTime":1454.53,"body":"try to get it that, and then I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1451.86,"endTime":1454.53,"body":"might ask a little bit of a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1454.53,"endTime":1458.46,"body":"higher level question like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1454.53,"endTime":1458.46,"body":"Well, once we've established,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1458.46,"endTime":1461.94,"body":"you know like, we're refilling"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1458.46,"endTime":1461.94,"body":"it with these unit cubes. \"Like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1462.15,"endTime":1466.41,"body":"we could count all those unit"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1462.15,"endTime":1466.41,"body":"cubes. But in class, we've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1466.41,"endTime":1470.13,"body":"developed more efficient ways of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1466.41,"endTime":1470.13,"body":"finding those. Like, tell me"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1470.13,"endTime":1472.29,"body":"about that. Do you remember any"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1470.13,"endTime":1472.29,"body":"of those? Like, are you? What"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1472.29,"endTime":1475.86,"body":"are you thinking about? What's a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1472.29,"endTime":1475.86,"body":"more efficient way that we've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1475.86,"endTime":1478.8,"body":"kind of messed with?\" And I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1475.86,"endTime":1478.8,"body":"might be able to refer back to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1478.98,"endTime":1479.82,"body":"the Rich Task that we did."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1479.82,"endTime":1481.2,"body":"\"Do you remember when we"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1479.82,"endTime":1481.2,"body":"did... blank?\" Yes."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1481.23,"endTime":1483.0,"body":"Yeah. Or the Problem String"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1481.23,"endTime":1483.0,"body":"that we did. And I might be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1483.21,"endTime":1485.76,"body":"like, \"Remember when Roger was"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1483.21,"endTime":1485.76,"body":"like, 'Well, if I just found the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1485.76,"endTime":1488.76,"body":"base...'?\" And then, I pause,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1485.76,"endTime":1488.76,"body":"right? Like, Do you remember"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1488.76,"endTime":1490.59,"body":"when Roger was talking about,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1488.76,"endTime":1490.59,"body":"'If I can just find the area of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1490.59,"endTime":1493.83,"body":"the base...'?\" Pause. Or,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1490.59,"endTime":1493.83,"body":"\"Remember when...\" Pick another."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1494.04,"endTime":1495.81,"body":"\"...when Amaya was talking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1494.04,"endTime":1495.81,"body":"about, you know like, 'Well, if"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1495.81,"endTime":1498.66,"body":"I know the number of layers I've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1495.81,"endTime":1498.66,"body":"got...' How was that? Do you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1498.66,"endTime":1501.99,"body":"remember? Was that helpful?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1498.66,"endTime":1501.99,"body":"Like, I'm trying to ping on"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1502.17,"endTime":1504.78,"body":"experiences that the students"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1502.17,"endTime":1504.78,"body":"had."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1504.84,"endTime":1505.17,"body":"Yep."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1505.2,"endTime":1507.87,"body":"But I'm just saying just a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1505.2,"endTime":1507.87,"body":"little bit, right? We're just"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1507.87,"endTime":1510.72,"body":"throwing out just enough for"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1507.87,"endTime":1510.72,"body":"them to go, \"Are these"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1510.72,"endTime":1516.03,"body":"things...\" And then, we're"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1510.72,"endTime":1516.03,"body":"watching. You know, like, \"What"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1516.03,"endTime":1518.19,"body":"do they mean to you?\" And then"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1516.03,"endTime":1518.19,"body":"they just like, \"Oh, yeah. I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1518.19,"endTime":1520.59,"body":"could count the number of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1518.19,"endTime":1520.59,"body":"layers.\" \"Why? How does that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1520.59,"endTime":1523.62,"body":"help you if you have the number"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1520.59,"endTime":1523.62,"body":"of layers?\" Like, \"Do we have"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1523.62,"endTime":1525.48,"body":"that number here? How does"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1523.62,"endTime":1525.48,"body":"that?\" \"Well, because if I had"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1525.48,"endTime":1528.9,"body":"the base, then I could count how"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1525.48,"endTime":1528.9,"body":"many of those.\" Again, like sort"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1528.9,"endTime":1532.77,"body":"of helping them focus on"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1528.9,"endTime":1532.77,"body":"experiences they've had and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1532.77,"endTime":1537.0,"body":"things we've developed in class,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1532.77,"endTime":1537.0,"body":"not a series of questions, you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1537.0,"endTime":1539.25,"body":"know, where they're just sort of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1537.0,"endTime":1539.25,"body":"looking at that formula chart,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1539.28,"endTime":1541.83,"body":"and we're asking them questions,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1539.28,"endTime":1541.83,"body":"so they could plug stuff in."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1542.06,"endTime":1542.36,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1542.39,"endTime":1544.49,"body":"Hopefully that kind of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1542.39,"endTime":1544.49,"body":"helps a little bit. Yeah?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1544.52,"endTime":1546.98,"body":"Yeah. So, both of the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1544.52,"endTime":1546.98,"body":"examples that we just gave the"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1546.98,"endTime":1549.5,"body":"second grade and the fifth grade"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1546.98,"endTime":1549.5,"body":"might make it seem like"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1549.5,"endTime":1551.99,"body":"funneling is like point to a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1549.5,"endTime":1551.99,"body":"resource. (unclear)."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1551.99,"endTime":1552.08,"body":"Oh, yeah."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1552.11,"endTime":1556.43,"body":"We talked about the formula"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1552.11,"endTime":1556.43,"body":"chart."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1556.43,"endTime":1557.42,"body":"The high stakes test"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1556.43,"endTime":1557.42,"body":"formula chart. Mmhmm."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1557.42,"endTime":1559.52,"body":"But it's not that. It's not"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1557.42,"endTime":1559.52,"body":"that, you know, you go to a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1559.52,"endTime":1563.12,"body":"resource, and that's funneling."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1559.52,"endTime":1563.12,"body":"Funneling can be questioning."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1563.12,"endTime":1564.71,"body":"(unclear) point to a list,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1563.12,"endTime":1564.71,"body":"right? It's just pointing to a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1564.71,"endTime":1567.62,"body":"list, and then following it. It"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1564.71,"endTime":1567.62,"body":"could be that, but it's not only"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1567.62,"endTime":1567.92,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1567.95,"endTime":1568.58,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1568.61,"endTime":1570.41,"body":"Yeah, I agree. Okay."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1568.61,"endTime":1570.41,"body":"Agreed. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1570.92,"endTime":1574.31,"body":"It's about leading them in"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1570.92,"endTime":1574.31,"body":"such a way that they can answer"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1574.31,"endTime":1577.1,"body":"your questions, but they're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1574.31,"endTime":1577.1,"body":"removed enough that they aren't"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1577.1,"endTime":1580.4,"body":"in the conversation. They aren't"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1577.1,"endTime":1580.4,"body":"cognitively involved in what's"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1580.4,"endTime":1585.89,"body":"going on, and they cannot, at"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1580.4,"endTime":1585.89,"body":"that point, go back and do it"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1585.89,"endTime":1588.95,"body":"themselves. They can't think"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1585.89,"endTime":1588.95,"body":"about it themselves and"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1589.82,"endTime":1590.57,"body":"(unclear) funneling."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1590.81,"endTime":1595.55,"body":"Yes, exactly. They might be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1590.81,"endTime":1595.55,"body":"able to repeat your funnel, but"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1595.55,"endTime":1599.09,"body":"what they're not doing is"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1595.55,"endTime":1599.09,"body":"reasoning through that funnel,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1599.12,"endTime":1601.82,"body":"right? Like, because as a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1599.12,"endTime":1601.82,"body":"student if a teacher would"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1601.82,"endTime":1606.53,"body":"funnel, had a pattern of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1601.82,"endTime":1606.53,"body":"questioning of funneling me, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1606.53,"endTime":1609.35,"body":"would say to that teacher, \"Do"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1606.53,"endTime":1609.35,"body":"that, again. Funnel me again.\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1609.38,"endTime":1612.98,"body":"Funnel me again, until I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1609.38,"endTime":1612.98,"body":"memorize their funnel, and then"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1612.98,"endTime":1616.28,"body":"I was able to successfully"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1612.98,"endTime":1616.28,"body":"repeat the funnel. So, we're"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1616.28,"endTime":1619.22,"body":"also not suggesting that right?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1616.28,"endTime":1619.22,"body":"That's a funnel. It's not about"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1619.22,"endTime":1621.59,"body":"memorizing. It's not about"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1619.22,"endTime":1621.59,"body":"thinking about someone else's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1621.59,"endTime":1625.37,"body":"thinking. It's about what pings"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1621.59,"endTime":1625.37,"body":"for the student, and helping"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1625.37,"endTime":1629.36,"body":"them focus on the major"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1625.37,"endTime":1629.36,"body":"relationships and what they can"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1629.36,"endTime":1632.21,"body":"do with those relationships."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1629.36,"endTime":1632.21,"body":"Again, we're pulling back on"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1632.21,"endTime":1635.36,"body":"experiences we've had. It's not"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1632.21,"endTime":1635.36,"body":"like... I think about an Ed"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1635.36,"endTime":1638.3,"body":"psych class I had where we"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1635.36,"endTime":1638.3,"body":"talked about history of Ed, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1638.33,"endTime":1642.2,"body":"there was a whole philosophy of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1638.33,"endTime":1642.2,"body":"Ed that you just let the kid"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1642.2,"endTime":1644.66,"body":"wander through the garden,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1642.2,"endTime":1644.66,"body":"whatever they're interested in,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1644.66,"endTime":1647.24,"body":"then you kind of let them pursue"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1644.66,"endTime":1647.24,"body":"that. It's not that. It's not"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1647.24,"endTime":1652.67,"body":"like we're letting kids ramble,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1647.24,"endTime":1652.67,"body":"wander aimlessly at all. You"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1652.67,"endTime":1655.07,"body":"have to know the content and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1652.67,"endTime":1655.07,"body":"know the kids. Know your"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1655.07,"endTime":1658.19,"body":"content, know your kids. Knowing"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1655.07,"endTime":1658.19,"body":"the content, I'm asking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1658.19,"endTime":1661.1,"body":"questions that help the student"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1658.19,"endTime":1661.1,"body":"focus on what they know,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1661.31,"endTime":1664.04,"body":"relationships they're building,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1661.31,"endTime":1664.04,"body":"how they can use those"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1664.04,"endTime":1667.19,"body":"relationships and connections"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1664.04,"endTime":1667.19,"body":"for them to reason through to"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1667.19,"endTime":1671.63,"body":"the answer. So, maybe let's give"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1667.19,"endTime":1671.63,"body":"one other quick example. I kind"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1671.63,"endTime":1673.76,"body":"of felt like we've done some"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1671.63,"endTime":1673.76,"body":"young ones. Can we do kind of an"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1673.76,"endTime":1674.33,"body":"older one?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1674.45,"endTime":1674.96,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1675.02,"endTime":1678.005,"body":"So, if we're finding the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1675.02,"endTime":1678.005,"body":"slope of a line. So, maybe I've"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1678.058,"endTime":1681.257,"body":"given students two points, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1678.058,"endTime":1681.257,"body":"I've said, \"Find the slope of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1681.31,"endTime":1684.349,"body":"the line.\" So, if I was looking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1681.31,"endTime":1684.349,"body":"at a funneling pattern of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1684.402,"endTime":1687.387,"body":"questioning, it might be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1684.402,"endTime":1687.387,"body":"something like, \"Which of those"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1687.441,"endTime":1690.639,"body":"points do you want to be x1, y1?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1687.441,"endTime":1690.639,"body":"Okay, that one? Okay, good."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1690.693,"endTime":1694.104,"body":"Alright, so what's the formula?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1690.693,"endTime":1694.104,"body":"Okay, so where's y2? Plug it in."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1694.158,"endTime":1697.516,"body":"Where's y1? Plug it in. Where's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1694.158,"endTime":1697.516,"body":"x2? Where's x1? Okay, subtract."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1697.57,"endTime":1700.555,"body":"Subtract. Now, divide.\" Like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1697.57,"endTime":1700.555,"body":"I'm saying, \"Where's that?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1700.608,"endTime":1703.753,"body":"What's that?\" And I might even"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1700.608,"endTime":1703.753,"body":"at that point when they plug"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1703.807,"endTime":1707.165,"body":"them all in, I might go, \"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1703.807,"endTime":1707.165,"body":"what do you do next? Okay, what"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1707.219,"endTime":1709.991,"body":"do you do next?\" I'm asking"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1707.219,"endTime":1709.991,"body":"questions, but it's this"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1710.044,"endTime":1713.136,"body":"funneling. Now, you might be"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1710.044,"endTime":1713.136,"body":"like, \"Well, Pam, that is how"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1713.189,"endTime":1716.495,"body":"you find the slope of a line.\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1713.189,"endTime":1716.495,"body":"What would it be like to reason"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1716.548,"endTime":1719.8,"body":"about finding the slope of a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1716.548,"endTime":1719.8,"body":"line between two points? Well, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1719.853,"endTime":1722.945,"body":"might say to a kid, \"Can you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1719.853,"endTime":1722.945,"body":"picture these two points? So,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1722.998,"endTime":1726.25,"body":"what do you know already? Like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1722.998,"endTime":1726.25,"body":"once you can picture them, is"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1726.304,"endTime":1729.715,"body":"there something you know? Is the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1726.304,"endTime":1729.715,"body":"slope...\" And if they don't say"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1729.769,"endTime":1732.541,"body":"anything at that point, then I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1729.769,"endTime":1732.541,"body":"might go like, \"Is it"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1732.594,"endTime":1736.006,"body":"increasing? Decreasing?\" And if"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1732.594,"endTime":1736.006,"body":"they don't say anything, I might"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1736.059,"endTime":1739.364,"body":"go like, \"Is the line going up?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1736.059,"endTime":1739.364,"body":"Is the line going down?\" And I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1739.418,"endTime":1742.883,"body":"might draw on an experience that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1739.418,"endTime":1742.883,"body":"we would have had using a motion"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1742.936,"endTime":1746.188,"body":"detector as time is happening."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1742.936,"endTime":1746.188,"body":"\"Is the line between those two"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1746.241,"endTime":1749.547,"body":"points going up or is it going"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1746.241,"endTime":1749.547,"body":"down? Increasing or decreasing."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1749.6,"endTime":1752.745,"body":"So, then, \"You know that the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1749.6,"endTime":1752.745,"body":"slope is positive or negative."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1752.799,"endTime":1755.837,"body":"Okay, cool. Great.\" Like, I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1752.799,"endTime":1755.837,"body":"might start there, and then I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1755.89,"endTime":1759.089,"body":"might talk about. \"What do you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1755.89,"endTime":1759.089,"body":"know about slope?\" Like, when"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1759.142,"endTime":1762.501,"body":"we've talked about rate in here,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1759.142,"endTime":1762.501,"body":"what's happening between these"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1762.554,"endTime":1765.913,"body":"two points?\" And then, I might"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1762.554,"endTime":1765.913,"body":"draw on an experience we've had."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1765.966,"endTime":1769.271,"body":"So, if this was a frozen yogurt"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1765.966,"endTime":1769.271,"body":"experience. If this was like I"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1769.325,"endTime":1772.523,"body":"go to a frozen yogurt shop, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1769.325,"endTime":1772.523,"body":"the more yogurt I put in the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1772.576,"endTime":1775.828,"body":"cup, the more I pay. So, as x is"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1772.576,"endTime":1775.828,"body":"increasing...the x being the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1775.882,"endTime":1778.281,"body":"number of ounces of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1775.882,"endTime":1778.281,"body":"yogurt...then the cost is"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1778.334,"endTime":1781.586,"body":"increasing. Then, I might go"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1778.334,"endTime":1781.586,"body":"\"Oh, so, this match is kind of a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1781.639,"endTime":1784.411,"body":"frozen yogurt. The more yogurt"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1781.639,"endTime":1784.411,"body":"we buy, the more it's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1784.465,"endTime":1787.023,"body":"increasing. So, what's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1784.465,"endTime":1787.023,"body":"happening? What are these"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1787.077,"endTime":1790.435,"body":"numbers represent? And can you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1787.077,"endTime":1790.435,"body":"reason through that?\" Again, I'm"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1790.489,"endTime":1793.581,"body":"not spending a ton of time"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1790.489,"endTime":1793.581,"body":"regurgitating the frozen yogurt"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1793.634,"endTime":1796.779,"body":"scenario. We've spent time in"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1793.634,"endTime":1796.779,"body":"that scenario enough that I'm"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1796.832,"endTime":1800.191,"body":"going to look at that kid, and"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1796.832,"endTime":1800.191,"body":"I'm going to go, \"Does that help"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1800.244,"endTime":1803.39,"body":"this student focus that these"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1800.244,"endTime":1803.39,"body":"values... In fact, I can even"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1803.443,"endTime":1806.801,"body":"back up and say, \"Which of the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1803.443,"endTime":1806.801,"body":"scenarios we've been diving into"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1806.855,"endTime":1809.84,"body":"do these two points remind you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1806.855,"endTime":1809.84,"body":"of?\" And if it's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1809.893,"endTime":1813.199,"body":"decimals, because frozen yogurt"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1809.893,"endTime":1813.199,"body":"cost $0.30 an ounce, then they"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1813.252,"endTime":1816.504,"body":"might go, \"Oh, yeah, it's more"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1813.252,"endTime":1816.504,"body":"like frozen yogurt.\" If it's a"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1816.557,"endTime":1819.436,"body":"lot of bigger numbers... I'm"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1816.557,"endTime":1819.436,"body":"trying to think of. Like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1819.489,"endTime":1822.528,"body":"Driving in Texas is another"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1819.489,"endTime":1822.528,"body":"example. Then, they might go,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1822.581,"endTime":1825.673,"body":"\"Oh, yeah. It's like miles per"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1822.581,"endTime":1825.673,"body":"hour because those are sort"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1825.726,"endTime":1829.032,"body":"of...\" Or kilometers per hour."},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1825.726,"endTime":1829.032,"body":"\"Those are bigger numbers.\" So,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1829.085,"endTime":1832.177,"body":"we're going to draw on like,"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1829.085,"endTime":1832.177,"body":"\"Which of the major scenarios"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1832.23,"endTime":1835.322,"body":"that we've been investigating"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1832.23,"endTime":1835.322,"body":"does this ping for you?\" And"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1835.375,"endTime":1838.681,"body":"then, I'm helping that student"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1835.375,"endTime":1838.681,"body":"focus on, \"Well, what did we do"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1838.734,"endTime":1841.826,"body":"there? How did we use the"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1838.734,"endTime":1841.826,"body":"relationships there? Oh, can you"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1841.879,"endTime":1845.131,"body":"use those relationships here?\""},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1841.879,"endTime":1845.131,"body":"So, hopefully, that's a little"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1845.184,"endTime":1848.063,"body":"bit of an older example of"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1845.184,"endTime":1848.063,"body":"helping students focus, not"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1848.116,"endTime":1848.81,"body":"funnel. Yeah?"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1848.84,"endTime":1851.21,"body":"Yeah. I think it's a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1848.84,"endTime":1851.21,"body":"different mindset, right? I"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1851.21,"endTime":1853.46,"body":"think in general, it's a"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1851.21,"endTime":1853.46,"body":"different mindset. Are you"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1853.46,"endTime":1857.69,"body":"tapping on your thinking and"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1853.46,"endTime":1857.69,"body":"asking a bunch of questions to"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1857.69,"endTime":1860.27,"body":"get them to think about what"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1857.69,"endTime":1860.27,"body":"you're thinking about? Or are"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1860.27,"endTime":1862.46,"body":"you entering in a conversation"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1860.27,"endTime":1862.46,"body":"to understand what they're"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1862.46,"endTime":1864.26,"body":"thinking about and trying to"},{"speaker":"Kim","startTime":1862.46,"endTime":1864.26,"body":"draw it out?"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1865.05,"endTime":1868.62,"body":"Nicely said. Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1865.05,"endTime":1868.62,"body":"tuning in, ya'll, and teaching"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1868.62,"endTime":1871.74,"body":"more and more Real Math. To find"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1868.62,"endTime":1871.74,"body":"out more about the Math is"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1871.8,"endTime":1875.46,"body":"Figure-Out-Able movement, visit"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1871.8,"endTime":1875.46,"body":"mathisfigureoutable.com. Let's"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1875.46,"endTime":1878.04,"body":"keep spreading the word that"},{"speaker":"Pam","startTime":1875.46,"endTime":1878.04,"body":"Math is Figure-Out-Able!"}]}