According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, a Department store can be described as: “A retail establishment that sells a wide variety of goods. These usually include ready-to-wear apparel and accessories for adults and children, yard goods and household textiles, small household wares, furniture, electrical appliances and accessories, and, often, food. These goods are separated into divisions and departments supervised by managers and buyers. There are also departmental divisions of merchandising, advertising, service, accounting, and budgetary control.”
I mentioned in my last episode that growing up, my mom, my sister and and I often went to the local mall for something to do maybe on a rainy day or to enjoy the excitement that was window shopping. If we needed a new pair of shoes- we went to the mall, or the shoe store located in the downtown area of my childhood hometown. If we needed a nice dress for a holiday, we went to the mall. And often times, if we went to the mall to look for something, we would often venture into a department store, typically one stop shopping for most needs of a family. Department stores often anchored (and still do) shopping malls, and could also be found in strip malls.
With that being said, there were a plethora of department stores to choose from in the 1980s and 1990s and today you will learn about some of the most memorable stores. You’ll hear how they got started and what led to their demise (three words will often be mentioned: Target, Walmart and Amazon). You will also learn about some of the defunct “big box” stores, similar to department stores but typically not located in a mall and with more variety in merchandise.
So grab your umbrella stroller to push around your screaming children, a comfortable pair of Reboks and your stirrup pants, here we go!
Hello and thank you so very much for tuning in to the Pop Culture Retrospective Podcast, a show inspired by, and in memory of, my big sister Rebecca and her love for all things pop-culture, especially the people, places and things of the 80s, 90s and early 00s. My name is Amy Lewis and I am your captain aboard this pop culture time machine. You are tuning in to Episode #26 - Extinct Department Stores and Big Box Stores, with an emphasis on the 80s and 90s, as well as stores found in the MidWest. Even if you are not from the Midwest, you may find this retail archaeology trip to be intriguing so thank you for joining me. This is a continuation of our last show where we discussed defunct mall stores. I came across so much information that it needed to be divided up into more than one episode. And, like last week, we will do a run-through of some of the most well-known department and big box stores, many that I have a sentimental attachment to. Are you ready? Let’s grab our shopping bags and head out on a defunct retail adventure!
F.W. Woolworth Company
- Founded in 1879 by Winfield Woolworth
- The first locations in the US were in Utica, NY and Lancaster, PA
- At first the merchandise all sold for less than 10 cents
- The store’s popularity grew very quick and by the late 1920s, they had 2,250 stores
- Spin-off store called WoolCo operated in Canada and the UK, but closed all stores by 1983
- The company would go on to purchase Footlocker which is still in operation today
- Woolworth started to focus less on their retail stores and discount prices and this is what led to it’s eventual demise. Walmart and Target grew in popularity and by 2007, the company was out of business.
Montgomery Ward & Co.:
- Started by Aaron Montgomery who was a traveling salesman in 1872
- Originally it was a mail order business aimed at Farmers who were looking to purchase items they could not find in their rural communities
- In 1875 the company started implementing the satisfaction or get your money back mentality which was a smart business decision
- Catalog sales were incredibly successful, they started being referred to as the “Wish Book” with 10,000 items for sale
- Competing rural retailers sometimes burned Ward’s catalog in public
- First retail store opened in 1926 in Plymouth, Indiana
- The company was so successful that within its first 5 years of operation, there were 500 stores
- In 1939, a company copywriter named Robert L. May created the character of Ruldolph the Red Nosed Reindeer. By 1946, the store sent out 6 million copies of the poem as a story book and was later popularized as a song.
- In 1985, they ceased the publication of their infamous catalogs after an incredible 113 year run.
- In 1987, Montgomery Wards started to push the sale of computer electronics. They opened a few electronic stores called Electric Avenue, just like the famous song. In fact, they used the song by Eddy Grant in advertisements. This venture proved to be very successful. Apparently they weren’t deterred to push the sale of electronics by the failure of catrivision in the 1970s. Check out episode # 14 of the PCR where we discussed the VCR and also touched on Catrivision. Cartrivison wasn’t exclusive to Montgomery Wards, but it could also be found at Sears and Macy’s.
- In 1989, they got into the world of home computer systems. MW was one of the first retailers to carry home consumer products from the likes of HP, Apple, Compaq and IBM.
- Retailers like WalMart and Target started to drive competition and by 1997, the company filed for bankruptcy
- Last store closed in 2001, relaunched online in 2004 as Wards.com
Service Merchandise:
- Founded in 1934 by the Zimmerman Company, started out as a 5 and 10 store in Pulaski, TN
- Had more than 400 stores at it’s peak
- Eventually evolved into a showroom, specialized in household items and jewelry
- Had a unique format for customers. When you arrived you would receive a clipboard with carbon fiber order form attached. You could then walk around the store and look at the items available for purchase, they were out on display so you could try it out before buying. Once the customer determined what they wanted to purchase, they filed out their form and then turned it into a store clerk who would enter it into the computer system. The customer would then move to the merchandise pick up area and within a few minutes, their item would come out on a conveyor belt.
The thought with this method is that it would decrease the theft of items from the store. While this was certainly a good loss prevention technique, it did raise concerns about identity theft since customers had to fill out their name, phone number, etc. on the purchase form. Other businesses tried this method of purchasing for customers but no one was as successful as Service Merchandise.
- Filed for bankruptcy in 1999
- Shuttered all locations by 2002
- Currently has an online presence at servicemerchandise.com- sells Jewelry, Clocks, also a section called “Bar, Wine and Smoking.” You can also purchase a glass lantern that says: Home is where family gathers.” Gag. Further, you can purchase a resin cat or dog statue that has wings to give to someone who has lost a pet. Or maybe you’d like to get their $40 leather business card holder.
Radio Shack:
- Founded in Boston in 1921 by the Deutchmann Brothers
- They originally made equipment for ham radio operators and radio operators on ships
- Started to open stores in the Northeast and did mail orders for electronics
- At one point, there were 7,300 Radio Shack locations - claimed that they had a store within 3 miles of every American household. I feel like McDonalds also made that claim to fame.
- Sold the first mass produced personal computer called the TRS-80, they were very popular at the time, however they stopped selling computers in 1993
- I remember purchasing several electronic devices here including an advanced walkie talkie, one that I could use to talk to my friends who lived a couple of blocks away and I could also pick up truckers radios. Apparently CB radios were incredibly popular, especially in the 1970s, CB radios made up 30% of Radio Shack’s revenue during that time. One time my sister and I listened in on some trucker’s conversations and I distinctly remember someone saying: “rear, rear, your pants are on fire.” That was something my sister and I would randomly insert into our conversations with each other as we grew up.I also purchased a zenith TV/VCR combo here that I had for many years as well as miscellaneous electronic equipment you couldn’t find anywhere else like certain plugs if you lost your charger to something which was hard to replace unless you lived near a Radio Shack.
- Shifted their focus to cell phones which was initially a good business move, but it would eventually backfire. Signing up customers for cell phones took a long time and occupied salespeople’s time, which took away from other customers coming to their stores for other items. This frustrated their core base of customers who started to shop elsewhere. Cell phone companies also started to open up their own businesses and that left Radio Shack hanging. Further, as more companies started to sell items online and offering home delivery, Radio Shack opted to not jump on that bandwagon which was a huge mistake. They offered in-store pickup/delivery but not home delivery. Further their website only provided information as to where their locations were but you were not able to online shop. The company also changed their name to simply “The Shack” which did not go over well.
- Filed for bankruptcy in 2015 and 2017
- When the store locations closed, some were purchased by Sprint and Amazon.
- A few Radio Shack stores are still open, through a partnership some “Express” stores opened and are apparently still in operation. They have an onlines presence like so many defunct brands at RadioShack.com
Circuit City
- Got it’s start in 1949 in Richmond, VA by Sam Wurtzel
- While getting his haircut, his barber told him about a new television center that opened in Richmond - he then had a lightbulb moment or perhaps his “circuits fired”
- Through some connections, he started selling televisions out of a tire store and eventually sold washing machines, stoves and refrigerators as well. Business was originally called “Wards TV.”
- Offered something unique for lower income families- the chance to pay for items via payment plans
- The company also instituted free in-home demonstrations. For example,a salesman would visit and show a family how to use a television. He would then leave the television with the family overnight and of course, they almost always bought it.
- In the 1970s, the company shifted from Wards TV to Circuit City Superstore as it’s name and had the more stereotypical superstore or big box store if you will, setup. You may remember their famous shiny and bright red entrance.
- At it’s peak, Circuit City was incredibly successful and was a model for how to run a business. In 2000, they employed about 60k people and had 616 locations across the United States. I remember friends getting CD players installed at CC.
- However, within just a few years, a series of bad business decisions led to the company’s ultimate demise. For example, to cut back on costs, CC fired all of it’s commissioned sales force employees. They were truly experts in their respective departments. They also ceased the sale of appliances which proved to be a huge mistake.
- By 2008, the company declared bankruptcy and by 2009 all of their locations closed. You can still find their items for sale online.
Linens ‘N’Things:
- Founded in 1975 in New Jersey
- Sold home accessories like blankets, towels, etc.
- At it’s peak it had 570 stores in the United States and Canada and competed with Bed, Bath and Beyond. For a time, you had to pick- are you team Linens N Things or team Bed, Bath and Beyond? And by the way, Beyond seemed to be silk flowers which lined the walls
- Several acquisitions led to it’s demise and by 2008 all of the stores closed.
- Led to lots of bad puns and article titles like: It’s Curtains for L & T, Cleaned Sheets, Too Many Things, not enough Linens, etc. Even the Onion got in on the fun: https://local.theonion.com/new-linens-n-shit-opens-1819569948
- Sells online though now
Sports Authority:
- Created in 1928, referred to at that time as Gart Brothers. They sold fishing rods and reels.
- Eventually the company evolved into the Sports Authority through a merger and opened their first location in Florida
- By 1990 there were 8 large stores, primarily in Florida. Later that year, KMart acquired the company and by 1991 with expansion, the company finally started to see a profit
- Once had 460 stores across the US and was the nation’s largest independent sporting goods retailer
- I actually threw up outside of a Sports Authority
- A series of bad buyout plans and restructuring plans that weren’t effective led to the company’s downfall
- Filed for bankruptcy in 2016
- Dick’s Sporting Goods won a bid for their name and intellectual property
Toys R Us:
- Originally started out as a kid’s furniture store
- Company was started by Charles Lazarus- he returned home after WWII and had a gut feeling that a baby boom was going to happen and that he should sell items that would help families so he started to sell cribs, strollers and the like out of his father’s bicycle shop.
- Evolved into it’s own store called Children’s Bargain Town in Washington, DC. Started to add toys to the lineup to help lure customers back since often times, once parents bought a highchair for example, they would use it for their 2nd child.
- In 1957 he opened the first Toys R Us, the first of it’s kind, Big Box store for all things toys. It was laid out sort of like a grocery store, much different than the mom and pop toy stores that most people were familiar with.
- At one point it was the first in the nation for the sale of toys for kids and babies
- Had off-shoots like Kids R Us which opened in 1983, stayed in business until 2003. Had 146 stores. Sold childrens and teen clothing.
- The chain had one of the most memorable commercial jingles of all time that I think most people my age periodically get stuck in their heads all of this years later...
- Started to lose business due to online retailers like Amazon
- In 2017, filed for bankruptcy
- Recently tried to re-establish stores in the United States but that was unfortunately unsuccessful
Carson Pirie Scott or Carson’s as locals called it:
- Founded in Amboy, IL in 1854 by Samuel Carson and John T. Pirie who were two Scott-Irish immigrants.
- In the 1860s, their sales reached 800,000
- In 1890, Robert Scott joined on as a partner and the business name as we know it, was born
- By 1900, they had two downtown Chicago locations, each employed about 1000 male and female employees
- In the 1960s, there were 11 locations around Chicago, had 8000 employees and 150 million in annual sales. They once had a location on State Street in downtown Chicago, it was 974,000 square feet!
- The store sold a variety of items, but was primarily clothes and accessories for men, women and children as well as items for the home and recreation.
- More specifically though, at one time in various parts of the store you could find: an ascot shop, a fur salon, a Scandanavian shop, a Clock shop, Records and pet supplies.
- At it’s peak, there were 51 stores, primarily in the Midbest
- In 1989, the department store chain was acquired by PA Bergner and Company. They operated Myer’s Brothers, Charles V. Weise, Bergners and the Boston Store chains.
- By 1991, PA Bergner filed for bankruptcy
- 1998, ownership shifted to Saks Incorporated and eventually Bon-Ton in 2006. In 2018 all of the stores were liquidated, most stores were given 10-12 weeks notice of closure.
- There is a Carson’s website if you need to get your fix!
Speaking of the Boston Store:
- Origins date back to 1897 when Julias Simon who moved to Milwaukee opened a small store at North 3rd Street and W. Highland Avenue. 3 years later he moved to the infamous Milawaukee location that people came to know and love.
- At first the store sold carpets, shoes and fabric. Two other store merchants named Carl Herzfeld and Nathan Stone bought out Simon and renamed the store the Boston Store.
- Used to deliver orders via horse drawn trucks and later via delivery.
- By the late 1960’s, there were 5 Milwaukee locations.
- The flagship store at one time had 8 floors, the basement had tapes and records, on the 1st floor you could find wine and men’s clothing. There was even a golf and ski shop.
- At one point, the Boston Store had the 2nd largest department store warehouse in the country
- Toward the end of the chain’s run, they had a similar fate to Carson Pirie Scott and by 2018 all of the Boston Chains had been liquidated. Can find them online though!
Lord and Taylor:
- Origins date back to 1826 and a gentleman by the name of Samuel Lord. He was originally from England and was orphaned when he was just 6 years old.
- Ended up working in a local foundry
- The foundry was owned by Mr. James Taylor
- Lord ended up marrying Taylor’s daughter and moved to NYC
- Lord ended up opening a dry goods store and soon his wife’s cousin, George Washinton Taylor joined him and thus, Lord and Taylor was officially born.
- Lord and Taylor were known for it’s quality products and as popularity grew, so too did the flagship store
- In 1914 for example, L & T moved to a 550,000 square foot building on 5th avenue and 38th street. It’s Italian renaissance style was a true marvel of architectural brilliance and beauty. One unique characteristic of this building is that it’s display windows could actually be lowered to the basement so they could be re-decorated and re-lifted upstairs. It also had a garden on the roof top for employees.
- The chain grew to dozens of stores all over the United States in IL, MA, NY, CT, NJ, MD, FLA, MI. NH, Penn, and Virginia.
- My mom and I were in a fashion show together in the early 1980s and I believe it was for Lord and Taylor or Spiegal. Can’t remember. But nonetheless, yes, I was once a model. For 2 minutes.
- After over 100 years in operation, in August of last year it was announced that Lord and Taylor would be liquidated. An investment firm bought the company and began selling their items online. You can purchase L & T items at Walmart. Ouch.
Venture Stores
- A (primarly) MidWest based company which had large, discount stores
- Started in 1970 and was developed to compete directly with Target which is also, as we know, a well-known discount store chain. You could purchase mens, womens and childrens clothing as well as
- First location opened in St. Louis, stores in Chicago followed
- The design and layout of the store resembled Target. The early stores had lovely red carpet and red signage. In later years, their design scheme changed to black and white bold stripes, with Venture being written in bold, white letters.
- The company would go on to open 70 locations, it was the largest and most popular chain in the Chicagoland area. Their merchandise offerings were similar to the NE equivalent of perhaps Reny’s or Christmas Tree Shops. At the peak of the stores popularity, there were over 100 locations.
- In the 1980s the store chain’s slogan was “Save with Style.”
- You could purchase food and drinks in venture, these venues were called “Cafe Venture.” You could get popcorn, hotdogs and soda here. Or Pop as it’s called in the MidBest.
- As other discount chains started to grow in popularity, Venture tried to update their stores and remodeled them to resemble Kohls.
- Filed for bankruptcy in 1998 and all locations were closed within just a few months. The location that my mom took us took apparently closed in 1995 and is now home to TJ Maxx, Best Buy and Home Goods. Many closed Venture locations turned into Super KMarts which were popular at the time (and one of the reasons why Venture went out of business as it was hard to compete with not only KMart, but also Target and Walmart).
Marshall Fields or Field’s as it referred to by locals:
- Strong emotional attachment to this store
- Both of my Grandmothers were avid MF shoppers, when we visited my Grandmother who lived in Chicago for many years, we were always so excited to take the subway to the lower level of the store to go shopping.
- The store was opened in 1852 by Potter Palmer in Chicago and was originally a dry goods store
- The original store burned down twice, one in 1871and again in 1887. The company also survived the great depression. The company’s resiliency coupled with outstanding customer service allowed it to grow over it’s 100 years of being in operation.
- By 1912, the Marshall Fields flagship store took up an entire city block in Chicago
- The flagship store was absolutely stunning;
it featured a tiffany ceiling, bronze plated placards, clocks and was once one the largest retail spaces in the world with almost 75 acres worth of floor space spread out over an incredible 14 floors. Some of the items you could purchase at Marshall Fields at one time included: appliances, dining room furniture, furs, wigs and toys. You could also get your hair cut here. Some areas of the store also had designations, for example at one point the teen section was called “Teen Scene.” This reminded me of Teen Central which is what the young adult section of our local library was called. My sister and I wouldn’t be caught dead in a place called Teen Central. We’d make fun of it….There was also a section called Young Chicago and had “After 5 dresses.” Had 28 fitting rooms.
- The first ever restaurant to open in a department store was in Marshall Fields, it was a high end restaurant called “The Walnut Room.” The restaurant was extremely elaborate- it featured Russian and Australian Chandeliers. Since the store was located near the theatre district in Chicago, people would often go to the Walnut room for dinner or drinks before taking in a show. I went to the Walnut Room once and ordered a Chicken Caesar Salad.
- One thing that Marshall Fields was well-known for was their Frango Mints. They were created by the Frederick and Nelson department stores in 1918. The company and trademark were purchased by Marshall Fields in the 1920s, the recipe was introduced in stores in 1929. For at least 70 years, they were made in large melting pots located on the 13th floor of the flagship store.
- In the 1930s, Marshall Fields introduced escalators and got rid of some elevators.
- If you needed to purchase a nice outfit, a television or a kitchen table, all at high quality, Marshall Fields was the place to go. Brides often registered here for wedding gifts, especially their fine China. Generations of families shopped at Marshall Fields. It was truly a special experience.
- In 2005, Marshall Fields was bought by the Federated Department Stores and it was gone forever. The flagship store was replaced by Macy’s and although a lot of the staples from MF still remain, it was very upsetting to Chicagoans when the store transitioned. Thankfully, Frango Mints are still made here and the Walnut Room remains in operation.
I hope you have enjoyed this look back on the extinct department and big box stores which were an integral part of the retail history of the Midwest and in many instances, the United States and abroad as well. I have always been fascinated by abandoned and defunct businesses for some reason, especially those that occupy my childhood memories. Before you could order items with the push of a finger on a phone or computer, we had to go out to a shopping mall or perhaps an expansive department store to get what we needed. Although I can certainly appreciate the convenience of places like Amazon, especially during a pandemic, I’d be lying if I said I wasn’t nostalgic for a simpler, more social time where it required a little more leg work to get what you needed. I think there are many people who would agree with me. If you are enjoying the Pop Culture Retrospective Podcast. Please subscribe on Apple Podcasts. Spotify or whichever podcast platform you use. Please also rate the show as it helps direct more listens to this joyous show that travels down memory lane. You can contact me anytime, my email address is: popcultureretrospective@gmail.com or you can follow me on Twitter, I’m @popcultureretro. I hope you will join me for my next show where we will be discussing the story behind one of me and my sister’s all-time favorite rap groups, Salt & Peppa. Until then, be kind, be safe and hold on to your memories.