{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":25.169999999999998,"endTime":27.36,"body":"Welcome to today's"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":25.169999999999998,"endTime":27.36,"body":"deep dive episode where we're"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":27.36,"endTime":30.299999999999997,"body":"going to learn all about"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":27.36,"endTime":30.299999999999997,"body":"geothermal energy with Dr. Steve"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":30.299999999999997,"endTime":34.2,"body":"grads be from geothermal Canada."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":30.299999999999997,"endTime":34.2,"body":"Did you know that we have"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":34.2,"endTime":38.22,"body":"volcanoes in Canada and that we"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":34.2,"endTime":38.22,"body":"actually have the potential to"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":38.22,"endTime":42.239999999999995,"body":"create power from geothermal"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":38.22,"endTime":42.239999999999995,"body":"energy are the only country on"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":42.239999999999995,"endTime":46.47,"body":"the ring of fire the entire"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":42.239999999999995,"endTime":46.47,"body":"Pacific Ocean ring of volcanoes"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":46.68,"endTime":50.97,"body":"Canada's the only country that"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":46.68,"endTime":50.97,"body":"doesn't produce a yet why we dig"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":50.97,"endTime":54.629999999999995,"body":"into this and a lot more. So sit"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":50.97,"endTime":54.629999999999995,"body":"back, relax and get ready to"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":54.629999999999995,"endTime":57.78,"body":"learn a little bit more about"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":54.629999999999995,"endTime":57.78,"body":"geothermal energy potential in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":57.78,"endTime":58.230000000000004,"body":"Canada"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":65.67,"endTime":89.33999999999999,"body":"that sir, G. nippy, oh me go low"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":65.67,"endTime":89.33999999999999,"body":"in zero to marry a cheap,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":89.67,"endTime":103.08,"body":"Chinese way. Why water we doing?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":89.67,"endTime":103.08,"body":"And how can we do better? Your"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":103.08,"endTime":107.75999999999999,"body":"one stop shop for everything"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":103.08,"endTime":107.75999999999999,"body":"water related from discussing"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":107.75999999999999,"endTime":112.28999999999999,"body":"water its use and the organisms"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":107.75999999999999,"endTime":112.28999999999999,"body":"that depend on it for all the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":112.28999999999999,"endTime":116.85,"body":"global issues that you really"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":112.28999999999999,"endTime":116.85,"body":"never knew all had to do with"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":116.97,"endTime":120.44999999999999,"body":"water. I'm your host, David"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":116.97,"endTime":120.44999999999999,"body":"Evans from the aquatic biosphere"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":120.44999999999999,"endTime":124.14,"body":"project. And I just want to ask"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":120.44999999999999,"endTime":124.14,"body":"you something. What are we"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":124.14,"endTime":126.99,"body":"doing? And how can we do better?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":126.38,"endTime":140.06,"body":"Hi, and welcome to another deep"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":126.38,"endTime":140.06,"body":"dive episode. We're talking"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":140.06,"endTime":143.24,"body":"about geothermal energy"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":140.06,"endTime":143.24,"body":"production with Dr. Steve"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":143.27,"endTime":146.9,"body":"Grasby. So, Dr. Grasby, do you"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":143.27,"endTime":146.9,"body":"mind just introducing yourself"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":146.9,"endTime":149.26999999999998,"body":"to our listeners and giving a"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":146.9,"endTime":149.26999999999998,"body":"little bit about your"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":149.26999999999998,"endTime":149.69,"body":"background."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":150.4,"endTime":153.49,"body":"Sure,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":150.4,"endTime":153.49,"body":"yes. I'm Steve Grasby, and I'm a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":153.49,"endTime":156.37,"body":"research scientist with a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":153.49,"endTime":156.37,"body":"Geological Survey of Canada. And"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":156.37,"endTime":159.97,"body":"I've been working on looking at"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":156.37,"endTime":159.97,"body":"the federal research and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":159.97,"endTime":162.60999999999999,"body":"geothermal potential in Canada"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":159.97,"endTime":162.60999999999999,"body":"for about the last 20 years or"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":162.60999999999999,"endTime":162.94,"body":"so."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":164.22,"endTime":166.23,"body":"Nice. Well, I'm"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":164.22,"endTime":166.23,"body":"talking to the right person then"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":166.23,"endTime":170.7,"body":"about geothermal energy."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":166.23,"endTime":170.7,"body":"Alright, so how do we use water?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":170.82,"endTime":173.22,"body":"Because this is a Water Podcast?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":170.82,"endTime":173.22,"body":"How is water involved in the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":173.22,"endTime":177.48,"body":"process? And how do you actually"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":173.22,"endTime":177.48,"body":"get energy from geothermal"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":177.93,"endTime":178.53,"body":"potential?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":178.85999999999999,"endTime":181.5,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":178.85999999999999,"endTime":181.5,"body":"So basically, the Geothermal"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":181.5,"endTime":185.16,"body":"energy is just heat us in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":181.5,"endTime":185.16,"body":"rocks in the subsurface. And"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":185.16,"endTime":188.94,"body":"normally, the deeper you go, the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":185.16,"endTime":188.94,"body":"hotter rocks get. So we look at"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":188.94,"endTime":191.4,"body":"that rate of increase in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":188.94,"endTime":191.4,"body":"temperature with that, the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":191.4,"endTime":195.63,"body":"faster it increases, that means"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":191.4,"endTime":195.63,"body":"that shallower, you can reach"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":195.63,"endTime":199.10999999999999,"body":"hot rocks that have enough heat"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":195.63,"endTime":199.10999999999999,"body":"that you can develop a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":199.10999999999999,"endTime":203.28,"body":"geothermal system. So drilling"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":199.10999999999999,"endTime":203.28,"body":"is expensive and difficult. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":203.28,"endTime":205.85999999999999,"body":"you want to find those hot rocks"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":203.28,"endTime":205.85999999999999,"body":"as close to the surface as"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":205.85999999999999,"endTime":209.7,"body":"possible. But that's not enough"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":205.85999999999999,"endTime":209.7,"body":"because that heat is stored in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":209.7,"endTime":213.0,"body":"the rock. So you need a way to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":209.7,"endTime":213.0,"body":"move that heat in the rock from"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":213.0,"endTime":217.10999999999999,"body":"the subsurface to the surface"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":213.0,"endTime":217.10999999999999,"body":"where you can extract it and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":217.38,"endTime":221.16,"body":"turn it into electrical"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":217.38,"endTime":221.16,"body":"potential. Or you can just use"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":221.19,"endTime":223.07999999999998,"body":"the heat directly for things"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":221.19,"endTime":223.07999999999998,"body":"like you know, heating"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":223.07999999999998,"endTime":226.89,"body":"greenhouses or buildings. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":223.07999999999998,"endTime":226.89,"body":"normally, or typically what's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":226.89,"endTime":230.37,"body":"used is just water that's in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":226.89,"endTime":230.37,"body":"rocks, so that you produce the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":230.37,"endTime":233.57999999999998,"body":"water in a well comes up to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":230.37,"endTime":233.57999999999998,"body":"surface and then you extract the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":233.57999999999998,"endTime":237.03,"body":"heat from that water, just like"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":233.57999999999998,"endTime":237.03,"body":"you might have a radiator in a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":237.03,"endTime":239.85,"body":"house that you pump hot water"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":237.03,"endTime":239.85,"body":"through a radiator to heat a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":239.85,"endTime":243.78,"body":"room. Normally, we just use the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":239.85,"endTime":243.78,"body":"generic term of fluid because"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":243.84,"endTime":247.2,"body":"other things could be produced,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":243.84,"endTime":247.2,"body":"like co2 is actually a higher"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":247.2,"endTime":250.76999999999998,"body":"heat capacity than water. So you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":247.2,"endTime":250.76999999999998,"body":"can transport more heat with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":250.76999999999998,"endTime":254.46,"body":"co2. So people have looked at"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":250.76999999999998,"endTime":254.46,"body":"things like combining co2"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":254.46,"endTime":257.97,"body":"sequestration system as a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":254.46,"endTime":257.97,"body":"geothermal development as well."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":257.97,"endTime":261.33,"body":"So you're using the co2 you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":257.97,"endTime":261.33,"body":"store underground to produce"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":261.36,"endTime":264.3,"body":"this green renewable energy"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":261.36,"endTime":264.3,"body":"source at surface at the same"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":264.3,"endTime":268.38,"body":"time. But the vast majority of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":264.3,"endTime":268.38,"body":"geothermal developments is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":268.38,"endTime":271.59000000000003,"body":"related to producing this this"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":268.38,"endTime":271.59000000000003,"body":"hot water to surface as this"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":271.62,"endTime":274.8,"body":"heat transport mechanism. And"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":271.62,"endTime":274.8,"body":"that water is then just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":274.8,"endTime":277.62,"body":"reinjected back into the ground."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":274.8,"endTime":277.62,"body":"Because you know, it's a closed"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":277.62,"endTime":279.99,"body":"loop system. So you just keep"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":277.62,"endTime":279.99,"body":"the water you produce it, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":279.99,"endTime":283.46999999999997,"body":"put it back down, right? And you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":279.99,"endTime":283.46999999999997,"body":"need to maintain the pressure of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":283.46999999999997,"endTime":286.35,"body":"the reservoir in the subsurface"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":283.46999999999997,"endTime":286.35,"body":"and you need that water to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":286.40999999999997,"endTime":289.35,"body":"transport the heat. So you keep"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":286.40999999999997,"endTime":289.35,"body":"it circulating all the time."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":290.25,"endTime":293.34,"body":"Yeah, so it's just"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":290.25,"endTime":293.34,"body":"a closed loop system. As the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":293.34,"endTime":296.58,"body":"water cools at the top and"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":293.34,"endTime":296.58,"body":"you've extracted that heat, then"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":296.58,"endTime":300.09,"body":"you just pump it right back"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":296.58,"endTime":300.09,"body":"down, just so that you don't run"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":300.09,"endTime":306.27,"body":"out if that's your basically the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":300.09,"endTime":306.27,"body":"exchange source. Right. Yeah."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":307.02,"endTime":310.32,"body":"Awesome. So it sounds like you"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":307.02,"endTime":310.32,"body":"need kind of certain conditions"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":310.32,"endTime":313.56,"body":"for this kind of energy"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":310.32,"endTime":313.56,"body":"productions. And I mean, you"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":313.56,"endTime":317.15999999999997,"body":"need to be going down pretty far"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":313.56,"endTime":317.15999999999997,"body":"I assume. So what are some of"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":317.15999999999997,"endTime":320.67,"body":"the good areas for producing"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":317.15999999999997,"endTime":320.67,"body":"geothermal energy."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":322.259,"endTime":324.239,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":322.259,"endTime":324.239,"body":"so I mean, of course you need,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":324.329,"endTime":326.759,"body":"you need that heat, right, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":324.329,"endTime":326.759,"body":"you want it as close to the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":326.759,"endTime":330.80899999999997,"body":"surface as possible. So they can"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":326.759,"endTime":330.80899999999997,"body":"look at areas that are that are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":330.80899999999997,"endTime":333.779,"body":"going to be hotter in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":330.80899999999997,"endTime":333.779,"body":"Earth's crust. So, volcanic"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":333.779,"endTime":337.049,"body":"systems are, of course, an"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":333.779,"endTime":337.049,"body":"obvious place. So right now"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":337.049,"endTime":340.409,"body":"we're doing some research"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":337.049,"endTime":340.409,"body":"projects on volcanoes in British"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":340.409,"endTime":343.739,"body":"Columbia and looking at those as"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":340.409,"endTime":343.739,"body":"a heat source for geothermal."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":343.949,"endTime":344.429,"body":"Oh,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":344.64,"endTime":346.23,"body":"sorry, sorry,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":344.64,"endTime":346.23,"body":"sorry, I'm just gonna quickly"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":346.23,"endTime":349.98,"body":"jump in here is anyone else's"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":346.23,"endTime":349.98,"body":"mind blown that we have"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":350.01,"endTime":353.49,"body":"volcanoes right here in British"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":350.01,"endTime":353.49,"body":"Columbia, I can't even believe"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":353.49,"endTime":357.12,"body":"it. It's crazy. Sorry, read back"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":353.49,"endTime":357.12,"body":"to you, Steve."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":357.929,"endTime":360.80899999999997,"body":"Oh,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":357.929,"endTime":360.80899999999997,"body":"and you know, there you can find"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":360.839,"endTime":364.349,"body":"temperatures as high as 250"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":360.839,"endTime":364.349,"body":"degrees Celsius within a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":364.379,"endTime":368.159,"body":"kilometer and a half depth. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":364.379,"endTime":368.159,"body":"this very hot, and in relatively"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":368.159,"endTime":371.459,"body":"shallow depths, compared to the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":368.159,"endTime":371.459,"body":"depths, people drill for oil and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":371.459,"endTime":375.11899999999997,"body":"gas, you can also then look at"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":371.459,"endTime":375.11899999999997,"body":"regions that just produce more"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":375.11899999999997,"endTime":378.389,"body":"heat. And most of the heat in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":375.11899999999997,"endTime":378.389,"body":"the Earth's crust is produced"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":378.389,"endTime":382.829,"body":"from radioactive decay of three"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":378.389,"endTime":382.829,"body":"elements, uranium, thorium, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":382.829,"endTime":385.799,"body":"potassium. So these just occur"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":382.829,"endTime":385.799,"body":"naturally in the rock and the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":385.799,"endTime":389.639,"body":"radioactive so they decay and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":385.799,"endTime":389.639,"body":"produce heat. So the more you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":389.639,"endTime":393.509,"body":"have that in Iraq, the more heat"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":389.639,"endTime":393.509,"body":"that rock produces. So we can"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":393.509,"endTime":397.919,"body":"use our geologic know how and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":393.509,"endTime":397.919,"body":"define where in Canada that you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":397.919,"endTime":401.399,"body":"would expect to have those"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":397.919,"endTime":401.399,"body":"higher heat producing rocks. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":401.399,"endTime":403.769,"body":"that's one element, right? So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":401.399,"endTime":403.769,"body":"where's the heat. And then the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":403.769,"endTime":407.819,"body":"second element is going back to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":403.769,"endTime":407.819,"body":"your question on water is that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":407.819,"endTime":411.11899999999997,"body":"we need a way to get that heat"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":407.819,"endTime":411.11899999999997,"body":"from the rock to the surface,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":411.11899999999997,"endTime":414.959,"body":"and we're using water to do"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":411.11899999999997,"endTime":414.959,"body":"that. So critical to that is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":414.959,"endTime":418.409,"body":"that the water needs to be able"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":414.959,"endTime":418.409,"body":"to move easily through the rock"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":418.439,"endTime":422.489,"body":"so that it can extract heat, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":418.439,"endTime":422.489,"body":"then you can pump it up. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":422.729,"endTime":426.359,"body":"finding, you know, high"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":422.729,"endTime":426.359,"body":"temperature rocks isn't enough,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":426.359,"endTime":429.05899999999997,"body":"you need to find the high"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":426.359,"endTime":429.05899999999997,"body":"temperatures, but also rocks"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":429.05899999999997,"endTime":432.389,"body":"that are naturally permeable,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":429.05899999999997,"endTime":432.389,"body":"which is the term for what we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":432.389,"endTime":435.509,"body":"measure is how easy water can"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":432.389,"endTime":435.509,"body":"move through the rock. So a high"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":435.509,"endTime":438.989,"body":"permeable rock is one that water"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":435.509,"endTime":438.989,"body":"can easily move through. So we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":438.989,"endTime":442.649,"body":"want to look for these areas"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":438.989,"endTime":442.649,"body":"that we know or can predict high"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":442.649,"endTime":445.289,"body":"permeability occurs in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":442.649,"endTime":445.289,"body":"subsurface that we can get the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":445.289,"endTime":448.049,"body":"heat, as well as the water"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":445.289,"endTime":448.049,"body":"moving through the rocks to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":448.049,"endTime":450.269,"body":"extract the heat, so we can get"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":448.049,"endTime":450.269,"body":"it to surface."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":450.86899999999997,"endTime":452.999,"body":"Yeah, so it's not"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":450.86899999999997,"endTime":452.999,"body":"just good enough to have just"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":452.999,"endTime":457.439,"body":"some hot rocks, we need to have"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":452.999,"endTime":457.439,"body":"the right types of rocks at the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":457.439,"endTime":458.36899999999997,"body":"right depth."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":459.54,"endTime":461.28,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":459.54,"endTime":461.28,"body":"it's, it's a combination of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":461.28,"endTime":463.65,"body":"things. And probably the last"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":461.28,"endTime":463.65,"body":"thing too, is really how you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":463.65,"endTime":467.58,"body":"want to use that heat energy. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":463.65,"endTime":467.58,"body":"you know, one and members"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":467.58,"endTime":470.61,"body":"electricity generation, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":467.58,"endTime":470.61,"body":"that's done around the world"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":470.61,"endTime":474.65999999999997,"body":"already. There isn't any in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":470.61,"endTime":474.65999999999997,"body":"Canada to date, but you need"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":474.65999999999997,"endTime":479.1,"body":"very high temperatures to do"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":474.65999999999997,"endTime":479.1,"body":"that. And then you can also just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":479.1,"endTime":481.53,"body":"use the heat directly for"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":479.1,"endTime":481.53,"body":"heating and building heating,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":481.53,"endTime":485.07,"body":"your green hosts many other uses"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":481.53,"endTime":485.07,"body":"where heat is needed. So in that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":485.07,"endTime":488.07,"body":"case, you can just produce the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":485.07,"endTime":488.07,"body":"hot waters, and you don't need"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":488.13,"endTime":492.39,"body":"nearly as hot water for those"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":488.13,"endTime":492.39,"body":"direct heat uses. So if that's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":492.39,"endTime":495.06,"body":"your goal, then you don't have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":492.39,"endTime":495.06,"body":"to drill as deep and you don't"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":495.06,"endTime":497.96999999999997,"body":"need to produce as much water"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":495.06,"endTime":497.96999999999997,"body":"either. So that kind of depends"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":497.96999999999997,"endTime":500.4,"body":"on how you want to use the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":497.96999999999997,"endTime":500.4,"body":"geothermal energy."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":500.61,"endTime":504.39,"body":"Yeah, it's, there's"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":500.61,"endTime":504.39,"body":"many different uses for it. And"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":504.39,"endTime":507.99,"body":"then that kind of narrows what"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":504.39,"endTime":507.99,"body":"you actually need to look for"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":507.99,"endTime":509.25,"body":"and drill down for."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":509.7,"endTime":512.07,"body":"Remember,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":509.7,"endTime":512.07,"body":"in Canada, like 80% of our"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":512.4300000000001,"endTime":516.33,"body":"domestic energy use is heating."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":512.4300000000001,"endTime":516.33,"body":"So most of the energy we consume"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":516.33,"endTime":519.57,"body":"is for heating and not"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":516.33,"endTime":519.57,"body":"electricity. And especially"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":519.57,"endTime":522.87,"body":"places in northern Canada, where"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":519.57,"endTime":522.87,"body":"average air temperatures are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":522.87,"endTime":527.19,"body":"minus 20. On an annual basis."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":522.87,"endTime":527.19,"body":"That doesn't, you don't need"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":527.19,"endTime":531.27,"body":"very hot water to make a big"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":527.19,"endTime":531.27,"body":"impact on on just offsetting the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":531.27,"endTime":533.37,"body":"heating needs for those"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":531.27,"endTime":533.37,"body":"communities."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":533.52,"endTime":536.97,"body":"Yeah, that's a very"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":533.52,"endTime":536.97,"body":"good point. And that kind of"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":536.97,"endTime":542.49,"body":"leads me into does Canada have"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":536.97,"endTime":542.49,"body":"much potential for this kind of"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":542.49,"endTime":545.91,"body":"geothermal energy production? I"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":542.49,"endTime":545.91,"body":"guess there's differences if"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":545.91,"endTime":549.15,"body":"you're looking at it for"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":545.91,"endTime":549.15,"body":"electricity or just for heating."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":549.51,"endTime":551.64,"body":"But do we have potential?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":552.09,"endTime":554.97,"body":"Yes,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":552.09,"endTime":554.97,"body":"so we did. An analysis of this"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":555.09,"endTime":559.65,"body":"report was published in 2012."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":555.09,"endTime":559.65,"body":"Looking at Canadian geothermal"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":559.68,"endTime":563.7,"body":"resource potential, and there's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":559.68,"endTime":563.7,"body":"Yeah, tremendous potential, it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":563.7,"endTime":566.91,"body":"across the country. There's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":563.7,"endTime":566.91,"body":"areas that are, you know, much"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":566.91,"endTime":570.06,"body":"higher potential for things like"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":566.91,"endTime":570.06,"body":"electricity. So the volcanic"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":570.06,"endTime":574.77,"body":"Celts of Western BC, the Yukon,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":570.06,"endTime":574.77,"body":"are some of the hot sedimentary"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":574.77,"endTime":578.67,"body":"basins in parts of BC, Alberta,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":574.77,"endTime":578.67,"body":"Saskatchewan and northwest"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":578.67,"endTime":581.97,"body":"territories and and then if you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":578.67,"endTime":581.97,"body":"want to then move into more"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":581.97,"endTime":585.6899999999999,"body":"direct use heat systems, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":581.97,"endTime":585.6899999999999,"body":"this was more broad spread"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":585.6899999999999,"endTime":589.41,"body":"across the country that there's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":585.6899999999999,"endTime":589.41,"body":"potential. So it's all there."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":589.41,"endTime":593.25,"body":"It's been used to a minor extent"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":589.41,"endTime":593.25,"body":"so far in Canada, but we have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":593.25,"endTime":596.7,"body":"hopes that this is going to be a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":593.25,"endTime":596.7,"body":"significant increase in the use"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":596.7,"endTime":599.01,"body":"of geothermal energy in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":596.7,"endTime":599.01,"body":"future."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":599.13,"endTime":601.53,"body":"Yeah, so we don't"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":599.13,"endTime":601.53,"body":"currently produce any"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":601.53,"endTime":605.13,"body":"electricity from geothermal in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":601.53,"endTime":605.13,"body":"Canada. But what's the actual"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":605.13,"endTime":608.52,"body":"history of geothermal energy?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":605.13,"endTime":608.52,"body":"And what countries are leading"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":608.52,"endTime":609.24,"body":"producers?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":609.81,"endTime":611.55,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":609.81,"endTime":611.55,"body":"the the biggest producer in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":611.55,"endTime":614.91,"body":"world is the United States, just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":611.55,"endTime":614.91,"body":"to the south of us. The US is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":614.91,"endTime":617.55,"body":"the biggest in terms of you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":614.91,"endTime":617.55,"body":"know, total megawatts produced."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":618.03,"endTime":620.58,"body":"But if you want to look at A"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":618.03,"endTime":620.58,"body":"sort of the degree of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":620.58,"endTime":623.79,"body":"integration of geothermal into"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":620.58,"endTime":623.79,"body":"the energy supply Iceland, it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":623.79,"endTime":627.36,"body":"about 60% of their energy"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":623.79,"endTime":627.36,"body":"supplies now from geothermal."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":627.75,"endTime":631.92,"body":"And there's countries like"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":627.75,"endTime":631.92,"body":"Indonesia, it's rapidly growing"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":631.95,"endTime":636.12,"body":"a New Zealand, Kenya has a very"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":631.95,"endTime":636.12,"body":"rapidly growing geothermal"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":636.18,"endTime":640.71,"body":"development and other countries"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":636.18,"endTime":640.71,"body":"in East Africa are looking very"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":640.71,"endTime":643.92,"body":"seriously at this. So it's, it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":640.71,"endTime":643.92,"body":"rapidly growing around the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":643.92,"endTime":647.25,"body":"world, any country along the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":643.92,"endTime":647.25,"body":"Ring of Fire. So I mean,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":647.25,"endTime":650.67,"body":"Canada's a kind of unique is the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":647.25,"endTime":650.67,"body":"only country in what's called"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":650.67,"endTime":654.45,"body":"the ring of fires, or the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":650.67,"endTime":654.45,"body":"Pacific Ocean ring that doesn't"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":654.45,"endTime":658.86,"body":"have geothermal development"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":654.45,"endTime":658.86,"body":"today. So we we kind of stand"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":658.86,"endTime":662.25,"body":"out as not, not having developed"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":658.86,"endTime":662.25,"body":"this resource."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":662.28,"endTime":665.01,"body":"Wow, that's really"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":662.28,"endTime":665.01,"body":"interesting. places like Kenya"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":665.01,"endTime":668.91,"body":"are leaders in in this, but I"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":665.01,"endTime":668.91,"body":"always assumed geothermal energy"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":668.91,"endTime":672.27,"body":"with volcanoes. And maybe I"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":668.91,"endTime":672.27,"body":"don't associate that with Kenya,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":672.87,"endTime":675.78,"body":"maybe that's just my lack of"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":672.87,"endTime":675.78,"body":"knowledge about geography of"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":675.78,"endTime":677.73,"body":"Africa, or something like that."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":677.79,"endTime":679.4399999999999,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":677.79,"endTime":679.4399999999999,"body":"there's this called the East"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":679.4399999999999,"endTime":684.93,"body":"African Rift. So the eastern"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":679.4399999999999,"endTime":684.93,"body":"part of Africa has been part and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":684.93,"endTime":688.29,"body":"there is some volcanic systems"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":684.93,"endTime":688.29,"body":"there. So they do have some very"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":688.29,"endTime":692.43,"body":"high temperatures along the Rift"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":688.29,"endTime":692.43,"body":"Valley. And this is the area"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":692.43,"endTime":695.22,"body":"that there's some focus"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":692.43,"endTime":695.22,"body":"exploration. But it's not just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":695.25,"endTime":699.18,"body":"volcanoes, if you look in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":695.25,"endTime":699.18,"body":"Germany, there's a very similar"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":699.3,"endTime":703.2,"body":"geologic setting in Barberia,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":699.3,"endTime":703.2,"body":"has called them the last basin."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":703.2,"endTime":705.99,"body":"And it's very similar to what we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":703.2,"endTime":705.99,"body":"call the Alberta basin, the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":705.99,"endTime":709.4399999999999,"body":"sediments that hold all the oil"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":705.99,"endTime":709.4399999999999,"body":"and gas in Alberta. And in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":709.4399999999999,"endTime":713.04,"body":"Germany, they're developing them"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":709.4399999999999,"endTime":713.04,"body":"a lot of space in for hot waters"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":713.04,"endTime":715.95,"body":"and developing district heating"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":713.04,"endTime":715.95,"body":"systems for the city of Munich"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":715.95,"endTime":719.73,"body":"and, and other areas. And that's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":715.95,"endTime":719.73,"body":"really been going successful."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":720.12,"endTime":723.87,"body":"You know, Paris has been heated"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":720.12,"endTime":723.87,"body":"by geothermal power for decades"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":723.87,"endTime":727.86,"body":"now. So there's many other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":723.87,"endTime":727.86,"body":"locations that don't have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":728.13,"endTime":731.82,"body":"volcanoes that are still using"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":728.13,"endTime":731.82,"body":"geothermal power for district"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":731.82,"endTime":733.74,"body":"heating systems and other direct"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":731.82,"endTime":733.74,"body":"use."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":733.83,"endTime":736.74,"body":"Yeah, yeah, that"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":733.83,"endTime":736.74,"body":"makes a lot of sense. And good"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":736.74,"endTime":737.1,"body":"places,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":737.1,"endTime":738.57,"body":"I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":737.1,"endTime":738.57,"body":"think, for Canada to look at as"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":738.57,"endTime":742.38,"body":"a analog rate, as you know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":738.57,"endTime":742.38,"body":"we're not going to be Iceland,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":742.38,"endTime":745.47,"body":"Iceland is a special case, it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":742.38,"endTime":745.47,"body":"a country sitting on those"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":745.5,"endTime":749.01,"body":"spreading ridge of the Atlantic"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":745.5,"endTime":749.01,"body":"Ocean, and they have a lot of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":749.01,"endTime":751.77,"body":"really high temperature systems"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":749.01,"endTime":751.77,"body":"there. But we can look at other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":751.77,"endTime":756.66,"body":"places like Germany and France"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":751.77,"endTime":756.66,"body":"and elsewhere, that are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":756.6899999999999,"endTime":760.23,"body":"developing geothermal and very"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":756.6899999999999,"endTime":760.23,"body":"similar geologic settings to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":760.23,"endTime":760.95,"body":"what we have."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":761.85,"endTime":764.67,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":761.85,"endTime":764.67,"body":"We're never going to be Iceland."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":765.18,"endTime":768.0,"body":"But we can still harness this"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":765.18,"endTime":768.0,"body":"energy. Are there any"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":768.0,"endTime":771.99,"body":"consequences or risks to this"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":768.0,"endTime":771.99,"body":"kind of technology? Because I"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":771.99,"endTime":777.93,"body":"mean, is drilling down so deep?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":771.99,"endTime":777.93,"body":"Is that dangerous? Is this the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":777.93,"endTime":780.78,"body":"same technology that we use in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":777.93,"endTime":780.78,"body":"Alberta? We've been using"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":780.78,"endTime":785.22,"body":"similar technology to this for"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":780.78,"endTime":785.22,"body":"oil and gas? Is that the same"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":785.22,"endTime":787.47,"body":"technology? Or is this different"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":785.22,"endTime":787.47,"body":"somehow?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":787.95,"endTime":790.53,"body":"Yes,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":787.95,"endTime":790.53,"body":"I mean, drilling technologies is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":790.53,"endTime":794.61,"body":"the same. And if anything, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":790.53,"endTime":794.61,"body":"know, in Canada, we have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":794.61,"endTime":796.68,"body":"probably some of the most"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":794.61,"endTime":796.68,"body":"advanced drilling technology in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":796.68,"endTime":799.86,"body":"the world, probably far more"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":796.68,"endTime":799.86,"body":"advanced than has been used in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":799.86,"endTime":802.35,"body":"other countries developing"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":799.86,"endTime":802.35,"body":"geothermal. So I think there's a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":802.35,"endTime":806.4,"body":"real opportunity to apply"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":802.35,"endTime":806.4,"body":"Canadian technology and know how"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":806.73,"endTime":810.18,"body":"to renewable green energy"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":806.73,"endTime":810.18,"body":"resource, you know, so if"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":810.18,"endTime":812.91,"body":"anything, we know we can"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":810.18,"endTime":812.91,"body":"advanced the nature of the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":812.91,"endTime":815.82,"body":"drilling technology by just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":812.91,"endTime":815.82,"body":"applying the petroleum drilling"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":815.82,"endTime":819.96,"body":"to this other area. So if any"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":815.82,"endTime":819.96,"body":"drilling, there's in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":819.96,"endTime":822.03,"body":"development, I mean, there's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":819.96,"endTime":822.03,"body":"risk with everything, right. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":822.03,"endTime":825.9,"body":"whether it's hydro, or wind, or"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":822.03,"endTime":825.9,"body":"solar, and geothermal has risks"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":825.9,"endTime":829.4399999999999,"body":"associated with it. So so you're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":825.9,"endTime":829.4399999999999,"body":"drilling a, you know, a, well,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":829.4399999999999,"endTime":832.08,"body":"then you're trying to produce"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":829.4399999999999,"endTime":832.08,"body":"that water to surface, right. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":832.08,"endTime":836.07,"body":"there's always risks of the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":832.08,"endTime":836.07,"body":"water, you know, leaking into"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":836.07,"endTime":839.22,"body":"shallow aquifers, and maybe"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":836.07,"endTime":839.22,"body":"contaminating things. But we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":839.22,"endTime":844.14,"body":"also have a very strong history"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":839.22,"endTime":844.14,"body":"of developing petroleum here and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":844.17,"endTime":847.29,"body":"very strong regulatory"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":844.17,"endTime":847.29,"body":"environment and understanding of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":847.29,"endTime":851.1899999999999,"body":"how you can properly case a well"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":847.29,"endTime":851.1899999999999,"body":"and seal off protect the potable"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":851.1899999999999,"endTime":855.21,"body":"water aquifers. And so, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":851.1899999999999,"endTime":855.21,"body":"know, I think we know how to do"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":855.21,"endTime":858.3,"body":"it very well. There was a long"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":855.21,"endTime":858.3,"body":"history of learning from"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":858.42,"endTime":860.73,"body":"drilling in the petroleum"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":858.42,"endTime":860.73,"body":"industry to make it you know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":860.73,"endTime":865.17,"body":"what's a world leader now. And"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":860.73,"endTime":865.17,"body":"we can use that knowledge of how"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":865.17,"endTime":869.07,"body":"to apply those safety measures"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":865.17,"endTime":869.07,"body":"to geothermal. And so I think"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":869.34,"endTime":871.53,"body":"there's always risks, but I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":869.34,"endTime":871.53,"body":"think they're relatively low."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":871.65,"endTime":872.01,"body":"Yeah, I"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":872.01,"endTime":874.74,"body":"guess what you"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":872.01,"endTime":874.74,"body":"mentioned earlier that we're"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":874.74,"endTime":881.73,"body":"looking at the idea of injecting"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":874.74,"endTime":881.73,"body":"co2 with water as a way to"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":881.73,"endTime":886.05,"body":"transfer the heat up. So I'm"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":881.73,"endTime":886.05,"body":"curious, what kind of fluids are"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":886.05,"endTime":889.74,"body":"we looking at? Or what happens"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":886.05,"endTime":889.74,"body":"if some of these fluids that are"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":889.74,"endTime":893.61,"body":"being used for transporting this"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":889.74,"endTime":893.61,"body":"heat? What if they escaped into"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":893.61,"endTime":897.9,"body":"our water system? You already"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":893.61,"endTime":897.9,"body":"kind of mentioned that there but"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":898.47,"endTime":901.56,"body":"we're putting a lot of resources"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":898.47,"endTime":901.56,"body":"to making sure it doesn't"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":901.56,"endTime":905.07,"body":"happen. But what are the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":901.56,"endTime":905.07,"body":"consequences? Is this a really,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":905.1,"endTime":906.78,"body":"really bad scenario?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":907.32,"endTime":908.97,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":907.32,"endTime":908.97,"body":"I mean, so basically, what"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":908.97,"endTime":913.41,"body":"you're producing would be very"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":908.97,"endTime":913.41,"body":"similar to its water right, but"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":913.41,"endTime":918.03,"body":"the tends to be a far more salty"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":913.41,"endTime":918.03,"body":"water than then even seawater."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":918.03,"endTime":922.89,"body":"So in Alberta to some of the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":918.03,"endTime":922.89,"body":"deeper bass and Brian's can be,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":922.92,"endTime":926.82,"body":"you know, 10 times the salinity"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":922.92,"endTime":926.82,"body":"of seawater. So you can imagine"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":926.82,"endTime":930.03,"body":"then if that was, let's say"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":926.82,"endTime":930.03,"body":"leaking into a freshwater"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":930.03,"endTime":932.97,"body":"aquifer that's going to cause"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":930.03,"endTime":932.97,"body":"some solid nation problems and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":932.97,"endTime":935.73,"body":"things like this. And that's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":932.97,"endTime":935.73,"body":"just something that you would,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":936.0,"endTime":939.12,"body":"you know, monitor for in any"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":936.0,"endTime":939.12,"body":"development, right, and it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":939.12,"endTime":942.3,"body":"doesn't move fast. I mean, if"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":939.12,"endTime":942.3,"body":"you have a leakage issue,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":942.75,"endTime":945.63,"body":"groundwater moves relatively"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":942.75,"endTime":945.63,"body":"slowly as you get lost to time"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":945.63,"endTime":948.72,"body":"to realize there's something"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":945.63,"endTime":948.72,"body":"going wrong. And then and then"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":948.72,"endTime":952.23,"body":"it's just a matter of stopping"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":948.72,"endTime":952.23,"body":"the well, you know, resealing"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":952.23,"endTime":955.4399999999999,"body":"the casing or dealing with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":952.23,"endTime":955.4399999999999,"body":"whatever the problem is. So I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":955.4399999999999,"endTime":958.62,"body":"think, you know, just as with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":955.4399999999999,"endTime":958.62,"body":"any other development, a key"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":958.62,"endTime":962.28,"body":"aspect is just the monitoring of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":958.62,"endTime":962.28,"body":"the system to ensure that things"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":962.28,"endTime":966.06,"body":"are going well and to have time"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":962.28,"endTime":966.06,"body":"to respond to any issues that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":966.06,"endTime":967.47,"body":"may occur. Yeah."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":967.89,"endTime":970.08,"body":"Yeah, that that"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":967.89,"endTime":970.08,"body":"makes a lot of sense."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":970.26,"endTime":975.93,"body":"Groundwater is notoriously slow."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":970.26,"endTime":975.93,"body":"Just for any listeners who may"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":975.93,"endTime":978.93,"body":"not really know the true"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":975.93,"endTime":978.93,"body":"meaning, can you define what a"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":978.93,"endTime":982.77,"body":"renewable energy is? And does"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":978.93,"endTime":982.77,"body":"geothermal energy fall into that"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":982.77,"endTime":984.81,"body":"category as a renewable energy?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":985.65,"endTime":987.33,"body":"I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":985.65,"endTime":987.33,"body":"mean, it's just really, I guess,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":987.33,"endTime":989.91,"body":"in my own perspective, I would"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":987.33,"endTime":989.91,"body":"just consider renewable"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":989.91,"endTime":994.4399999999999,"body":"something that would be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":989.91,"endTime":994.4399999999999,"body":"available on a long term human"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":994.4399999999999,"endTime":998.88,"body":"timescale, right. So if we look"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":994.4399999999999,"endTime":998.88,"body":"at things like oil and gas, I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":998.88,"endTime":1002.27,"body":"mean, we might have a couple of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":998.88,"endTime":1002.27,"body":"100 years of supply left, right."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1002.27,"endTime":1004.55,"body":"But you know, at some point,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1002.27,"endTime":1004.55,"body":"you're going to run out, if you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1004.55,"endTime":1007.82,"body":"look at wind and solar, I mean,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1004.55,"endTime":1007.82,"body":"those are both driven by the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1007.82,"endTime":1010.73,"body":"sun. So as long as the sun still"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1007.82,"endTime":1010.73,"body":"shining, then we're going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1010.73,"endTime":1014.96,"body":"have that right. And in for"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1010.73,"endTime":1014.96,"body":"geothermal energy, it's produced"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1014.96,"endTime":1019.82,"body":"by this radiogenic decay of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1014.96,"endTime":1019.82,"body":"elements in the crust. And if"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1019.82,"endTime":1023.39,"body":"you look at the amount of heat"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1019.82,"endTime":1023.39,"body":"production that's still going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1023.39,"endTime":1026.99,"body":"go on in the earth, the sun will"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1023.39,"endTime":1026.99,"body":"probably explode before we ever"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1026.99,"endTime":1029.93,"body":"run out of geothermal energy. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1026.99,"endTime":1029.93,"body":"I think in that perspective,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1029.93,"endTime":1032.6000000000001,"body":"it's easily to consider"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1029.93,"endTime":1032.6000000000001,"body":"renewable because we have other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1032.6000000000001,"endTime":1036.5,"body":"problems to worry about at that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1032.6000000000001,"endTime":1036.5,"body":"point. So Exactly, yeah, we have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1036.5,"endTime":1040.0700000000002,"body":"about 4.5 billion years left are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1036.5,"endTime":1040.0700000000002,"body":"the predictions."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1040.13,"endTime":1042.92,"body":"Yeah, so we're good"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1040.13,"endTime":1042.92,"body":"for a little bit. So with this"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1042.92,"endTime":1046.73,"body":"being a renewable energy, I'm"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1042.92,"endTime":1046.73,"body":"always hearing about solar and"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1046.73,"endTime":1050.0900000000001,"body":"wind technology. But I really"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1046.73,"endTime":1050.0900000000001,"body":"never hear much about"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1050.0900000000001,"endTime":1054.5900000000001,"body":"geothermal. So why are we so in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1050.0900000000001,"endTime":1054.5900000000001,"body":"love with the solar and wind?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1055.25,"endTime":1057.0800000000002,"body":"And that kind of steals the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1055.25,"endTime":1057.0800000000002,"body":"headlines?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1057.5900000000001,"endTime":1059.3000000000002,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1057.5900000000001,"endTime":1059.3000000000002,"body":"it's it has been a bit of a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1059.3000000000002,"endTime":1062.0900000000001,"body":"mystery. I mean, and that's a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1059.3000000000002,"endTime":1062.0900000000001,"body":"bit unique to Canada, right?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1062.0900000000001,"endTime":1064.97,"body":"Because in other countries, like"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1062.0900000000001,"endTime":1064.97,"body":"I mentioned, and Iceland, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1065.0,"endTime":1067.91,"body":"Kenya and places, geothermal,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1065.0,"endTime":1067.91,"body":"get the headlines. But in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1067.91,"endTime":1071.99,"body":"Canada, we had a large"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1067.91,"endTime":1071.99,"body":"geothermal research program in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1071.99,"endTime":1076.1000000000001,"body":"the late 70s, early 80s, much of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1071.99,"endTime":1076.1000000000001,"body":"the knowledge we have today of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1076.1000000000001,"endTime":1080.0600000000002,"body":"the geothermal potential in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1076.1000000000001,"endTime":1080.0600000000002,"body":"country. But that was ended, it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1080.0600000000002,"endTime":1083.63,"body":"was driven by the energy crisis"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1080.0600000000002,"endTime":1083.63,"body":"at the time. And when the energy"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1083.63,"endTime":1088.64,"body":"crisis ended in 1985. So did the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1083.63,"endTime":1088.64,"body":"interest in alternative energy"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1088.64,"endTime":1091.91,"body":"resources. So since that time, I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1088.64,"endTime":1091.91,"body":"think partly, we just haven't"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1091.91,"endTime":1096.68,"body":"had a successful project to show"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1091.91,"endTime":1096.68,"body":"that this is possible. And so it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1096.68,"endTime":1100.67,"body":"becomes a chicken and egg type"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1096.68,"endTime":1100.67,"body":"of scenario that tell somebody"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1100.67,"endTime":1103.8200000000002,"body":"sees a geothermal development in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1100.67,"endTime":1103.8200000000002,"body":"Canada, and no one kind of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1103.8200000000002,"endTime":1107.42,"body":"believes in it, right. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1103.8200000000002,"endTime":1107.42,"body":"that's, that's one aspect. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1107.45,"endTime":1109.8500000000001,"body":"you know, we're hoping to see"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1107.45,"endTime":1109.8500000000001,"body":"some successful projects in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1109.8500000000001,"endTime":1113.0300000000002,"body":"next year or two that will show"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1109.8500000000001,"endTime":1113.0300000000002,"body":"that this is a viable source of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1113.18,"endTime":1118.1000000000001,"body":"energy here. And then there's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1113.18,"endTime":1118.1000000000001,"body":"also has been a lack of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1118.1000000000001,"endTime":1121.2800000000002,"body":"regulatory environment in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1118.1000000000001,"endTime":1121.2800000000002,"body":"Canada. So each province and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1121.2800000000002,"endTime":1125.24,"body":"territory is responsible for for"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1121.2800000000002,"endTime":1125.24,"body":"regulating any resource"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1125.24,"endTime":1128.1200000000001,"body":"development. But in Canada,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1125.24,"endTime":1128.1200000000001,"body":"today, there's only been British"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1128.1200000000001,"endTime":1131.66,"body":"Columbia that has a geothermal"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1128.1200000000001,"endTime":1131.66,"body":"act. And just recently, Alberta"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1131.66,"endTime":1135.41,"body":"has announced one as well. But"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1131.66,"endTime":1135.41,"body":"then in any other jurisdiction"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1135.41,"endTime":1137.93,"body":"is difficult for industry to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1135.41,"endTime":1137.93,"body":"think, well, we're going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1137.96,"endTime":1142.3100000000002,"body":"spend money to drill a well, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1137.96,"endTime":1142.3100000000002,"body":"not know if we can actually have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1142.3100000000002,"endTime":1145.1000000000001,"body":"rights to produce that resource."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1142.3100000000002,"endTime":1145.1000000000001,"body":"Because there's not even a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1145.13,"endTime":1147.95,"body":"legislation that dictates how"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1145.13,"endTime":1147.95,"body":"that's done, right. So if you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1147.95,"endTime":1151.5200000000002,"body":"compare that to, you know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1147.95,"endTime":1151.5200000000002,"body":"forestry or mining or fishing,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1151.5200000000002,"endTime":1155.0,"body":"there's a very clear, regulatory"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1151.5200000000002,"endTime":1155.0,"body":"environment. So you know, that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1155.0,"endTime":1157.7,"body":"if you spend this much money and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1155.0,"endTime":1157.7,"body":"do this, follow all these"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1157.7,"endTime":1160.3100000000002,"body":"regulations, at the end, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1157.7,"endTime":1160.3100000000002,"body":"have a resource that you can"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1160.3100000000002,"endTime":1164.5400000000002,"body":"sell, you know, until the that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1160.3100000000002,"endTime":1164.5400000000002,"body":"is developed across the country,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1164.5400000000002,"endTime":1168.2,"body":"it's difficult to have that type"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1164.5400000000002,"endTime":1168.2,"body":"of investment. And then I think"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1168.2,"endTime":1172.3100000000002,"body":"the last aspect is just a higher"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1168.2,"endTime":1172.3100000000002,"body":"risk than wind and solar. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1172.5500000000002,"endTime":1175.0400000000002,"body":"it's pretty easy to figure out"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1172.5500000000002,"endTime":1175.0400000000002,"body":"where it's sunny and where it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1175.0400000000002,"endTime":1177.8000000000002,"body":"windy in the country, but it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1175.0400000000002,"endTime":1177.8000000000002,"body":"more difficult to figure out"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1177.8000000000002,"endTime":1180.23,"body":"where it's hot, you know, two"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1177.8000000000002,"endTime":1180.23,"body":"kilometers under your feet,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1180.23,"endTime":1184.2800000000002,"body":"right. And you can use your"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1180.23,"endTime":1184.2800000000002,"body":"geology know how to predict"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1184.2800000000002,"endTime":1186.98,"body":"where those areas are, but then"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1184.2800000000002,"endTime":1186.98,"body":"you still have to drill a well,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1187.0700000000002,"endTime":1189.8600000000001,"body":"to really prove it up, right. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1187.0700000000002,"endTime":1189.8600000000001,"body":"you have to put a lot of money"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1189.8600000000001,"endTime":1193.7,"body":"and just to get to that final"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1189.8600000000001,"endTime":1193.7,"body":"stage of the resource"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1193.7600000000002,"endTime":1196.91,"body":"definition. So there's that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1193.7600000000002,"endTime":1196.91,"body":"higher risk, but this is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1196.91,"endTime":1201.2900000000002,"body":"balanced by geothermal being the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1196.91,"endTime":1201.2900000000002,"body":"most reliable, renewable power"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1201.2900000000002,"endTime":1204.44,"body":"source there is, of course, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1201.2900000000002,"endTime":1204.44,"body":"know, wind and solar only work"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1204.44,"endTime":1207.5,"body":"when it's sunny and windy out,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1204.44,"endTime":1207.5,"body":"right. And so I suppose 30% of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1207.5,"endTime":1210.95,"body":"the time that they produce the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1207.5,"endTime":1210.95,"body":"power they're rated for a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1210.95,"endTime":1215.1200000000001,"body":"geothermal power plant runs at"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1210.95,"endTime":1215.1200000000001,"body":"about a 95% efficiency rate. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1215.1200000000001,"endTime":1218.0900000000001,"body":"they're just always on always"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1215.1200000000001,"endTime":1218.0900000000001,"body":"going. So they're highly"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1218.0900000000001,"endTime":1221.0600000000002,"body":"reliable source of power. Power"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1218.0900000000001,"endTime":1221.0600000000002,"body":"and other aspects that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1221.0600000000002,"endTime":1224.2700000000002,"body":"subtractive is that it's a term"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1221.0600000000002,"endTime":1224.2700000000002,"body":"called dispatchable, which means"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1224.2700000000002,"endTime":1228.8300000000002,"body":"that you can quickly ramp up and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1224.2700000000002,"endTime":1228.8300000000002,"body":"down the power production. So we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1228.8300000000002,"endTime":1231.6200000000001,"body":"all know the electric rush hour"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1228.8300000000002,"endTime":1231.6200000000001,"body":"or so people come home at the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1231.6200000000001,"endTime":1233.66,"body":"end of the day, and they all"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1231.6200000000001,"endTime":1233.66,"body":"turn on the lights and turn on"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1233.66,"endTime":1237.2900000000002,"body":"the oven around six o'clock. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1233.66,"endTime":1237.2900000000002,"body":"you need as big increase in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1237.2900000000002,"endTime":1241.7,"body":"electrical generation to meet"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1237.2900000000002,"endTime":1241.7,"body":"that demand. And wind and solar."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1241.7,"endTime":1245.0600000000002,"body":"I mean, well, even if it happens"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1241.7,"endTime":1245.0600000000002,"body":"to be sunny at that time, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1245.0600000000002,"endTime":1248.3300000000002,"body":"can't just ramp up solar"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1245.0600000000002,"endTime":1248.3300000000002,"body":"production, right? So it's you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1248.3300000000002,"endTime":1251.93,"body":"can't change that production"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1248.3300000000002,"endTime":1251.93,"body":"rapidly and easily, whereas"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1251.93,"endTime":1256.19,"body":"geothermal you can. So it has a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1251.93,"endTime":1256.19,"body":"higher, higher risk and cost"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1256.19,"endTime":1259.7900000000002,"body":"associated with it, but much"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1256.19,"endTime":1259.7900000000002,"body":"more valuable source of energy"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1259.8500000000001,"endTime":1263.24,"body":"as well as compared to any other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1259.8500000000001,"endTime":1263.24,"body":"renewable. This is why we see it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1263.24,"endTime":1266.21,"body":"as an attractive thing to keep"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1263.24,"endTime":1266.21,"body":"working on and moving forward"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1266.21,"endTime":1266.48,"body":"with."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1266.75,"endTime":1269.93,"body":"Yeah, exactly. It's"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1266.75,"endTime":1269.93,"body":"something that you it's not"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1269.93,"endTime":1273.5900000000001,"body":"dependent on anything else. I"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1269.93,"endTime":1273.5900000000001,"body":"think another thing that might"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1273.5900000000001,"endTime":1279.3500000000001,"body":"be a problem, maybe from the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1273.5900000000001,"endTime":1279.3500000000001,"body":"public's point of view is you"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1279.3500000000001,"endTime":1282.74,"body":"can see a windmill, you can see"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1279.3500000000001,"endTime":1282.74,"body":"and understand a solar panel,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1283.25,"endTime":1287.21,"body":"but you can't see a pipe going"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1283.25,"endTime":1287.21,"body":"two kilometers down straight"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1287.21,"endTime":1290.39,"body":"into the ground. It's not in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1287.21,"endTime":1290.39,"body":"your face, it's not a visceral"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1290.39,"endTime":1291.92,"body":"thing you can identify with"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1290.39,"endTime":1291.92,"body":"really?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1292.46,"endTime":1294.7700000000002,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1292.46,"endTime":1294.7700000000002,"body":"I mean, the power plants, they"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1294.7700000000002,"endTime":1298.8500000000001,"body":"are quite small, right. But to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1294.7700000000002,"endTime":1298.8500000000001,"body":"turn that around in terms of the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1298.88,"endTime":1302.3600000000001,"body":"footprint, like per gigawatt of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1298.88,"endTime":1302.3600000000001,"body":"energy you produce the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1302.3600000000001,"endTime":1304.73,"body":"geothermal plant is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1302.3600000000001,"endTime":1304.73,"body":"significantly less than any"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1304.73,"endTime":1308.75,"body":"other source of energy. So it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1304.73,"endTime":1308.75,"body":"one of the lowest land"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1308.75,"endTime":1310.5800000000002,"body":"footprints of any type of power"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1308.75,"endTime":1310.5800000000002,"body":"production."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1311.1200000000001,"endTime":1312.89,"body":"Yeah, I think"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1311.1200000000001,"endTime":1312.89,"body":"that's something we don't really"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1312.89,"endTime":1317.45,"body":"take into consideration too much"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1312.89,"endTime":1317.45,"body":"on the actual land per energy"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1317.45,"endTime":1320.0900000000001,"body":"output for our power sources."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1320.5100000000002,"endTime":1323.0600000000002,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1320.5100000000002,"endTime":1323.0600000000002,"body":"yeah. I mean, even just imagine"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1323.0600000000002,"endTime":1327.17,"body":"like a hydro dam, and how much"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1323.0600000000002,"endTime":1327.17,"body":"land is, is used to store water,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1327.17,"endTime":1330.98,"body":"right, so as the clean renewable"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1327.17,"endTime":1330.98,"body":"source, but you're using a large"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1330.98,"endTime":1335.2700000000002,"body":"amount of land to, to develop"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1330.98,"endTime":1335.2700000000002,"body":"it. Whereas if you compare that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1335.2700000000002,"endTime":1337.94,"body":"to a geothermal plant, it's just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1335.2700000000002,"endTime":1337.94,"body":"a fraction of the footprint?"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1338.6000000000001,"endTime":1341.24,"body":"Well, for anyone"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1338.6000000000001,"endTime":1341.24,"body":"who's listening to this podcast"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1341.2700000000002,"endTime":1344.63,"body":"gets really jazzed up about"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1341.2700000000002,"endTime":1344.63,"body":"geothermal energy production,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1345.17,"endTime":1346.67,"body":"where again, they go to find out"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1345.17,"endTime":1346.67,"body":"more."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1347.8700000000001,"endTime":1349.46,"body":"Well,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1347.8700000000001,"endTime":1349.46,"body":"there's lots of information on"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1349.46,"endTime":1352.64,"body":"the web, if you just search for"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1349.46,"endTime":1352.64,"body":"it. And I'm also president of an"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1352.64,"endTime":1355.7600000000002,"body":"organization called geothermal"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1352.64,"endTime":1355.7600000000002,"body":"Canada. So we are trying to just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1355.7600000000002,"endTime":1359.9,"body":"promote the wider understanding"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1355.7600000000002,"endTime":1359.9,"body":"and work on geothermal. And if"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1359.9,"endTime":1362.18,"body":"you want the background, you can"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1359.9,"endTime":1362.18,"body":"search for the report, we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1362.18,"endTime":1365.42,"body":"published geothermal energy"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1362.18,"endTime":1365.42,"body":"potential of Canada. And that's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1365.42,"endTime":1369.0200000000002,"body":"available for download online."},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1365.42,"endTime":1369.0200000000002,"body":"So there's lots of intro spots"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1369.0200000000002,"endTime":1371.21,"body":"like that, and many other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1369.0200000000002,"endTime":1371.21,"body":"resources around"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1371.3600000000001,"endTime":1373.73,"body":"awesome. And I just"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1371.3600000000001,"endTime":1373.73,"body":"wanted to ask one final"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1373.73,"endTime":1377.15,"body":"question, what was your career"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1373.73,"endTime":1377.15,"body":"path that landed you in this"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1377.15,"endTime":1382.0700000000002,"body":"field of geothermal energy? And"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1377.15,"endTime":1382.0700000000002,"body":"what led you down that road?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1382.3100000000002,"endTime":1385.3400000000001,"body":"Oh,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1382.3100000000002,"endTime":1385.3400000000001,"body":"it was all just a side. Chance"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1385.3400000000001,"endTime":1388.0700000000002,"body":"thing, right? So it was just it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1385.3400000000001,"endTime":1388.0700000000002,"body":"was really started as a class"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1388.0700000000002,"endTime":1394.0100000000002,"body":"project back 25 years ago, when"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1388.0700000000002,"endTime":1394.0100000000002,"body":"I had to do an independent study"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1394.0400000000002,"endTime":1396.89,"body":"project. And I decided to do"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1394.0400000000002,"endTime":1396.89,"body":"some work on hotsprings. And,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1397.3100000000002,"endTime":1400.0400000000002,"body":"and that just got me interested"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1397.3100000000002,"endTime":1400.0400000000002,"body":"in well, why are these waters so"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1400.0400000000002,"endTime":1402.74,"body":"hot? And where does he come"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1400.0400000000002,"endTime":1402.74,"body":"from, and it's just kind of led"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1402.74,"endTime":1406.7,"body":"me down this path ever since. So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1402.74,"endTime":1406.7,"body":"it's started with trying to try"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1406.7,"endTime":1408.17,"body":"to soak in a hot spring in the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Steve Grasby, Geothermal Canada","startTime":1406.7,"endTime":1408.17,"body":"mountains."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1408.5300000000002,"endTime":1410.66,"body":"Well, that doesn't"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1408.5300000000002,"endTime":1410.66,"body":"sound that bad at all. Thanks so"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1410.66,"endTime":1414.89,"body":"much for talking with me today."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1410.66,"endTime":1414.89,"body":"It's been fantastic. And I'm so"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1414.89,"endTime":1417.38,"body":"excited about geothermal energy,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1414.89,"endTime":1417.38,"body":"and I hope to see more of it in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1417.38,"endTime":1419.0300000000002,"body":"the future here in Canada."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1420.65,"endTime":1430.3100000000002,"body":"All right. Thank you so much for"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1420.65,"endTime":1430.3100000000002,"body":"listening to today's deep dive"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1430.3100000000002,"endTime":1433.3100000000002,"body":"episode all about geothermal"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1430.3100000000002,"endTime":1433.3100000000002,"body":"energy in Canada, with our"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1433.3100000000002,"endTime":1436.8200000000002,"body":"guests, Dr. Steve Graphviz. And"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1433.3100000000002,"endTime":1436.8200000000002,"body":"thank you so much, Steve, for"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1436.8500000000001,"endTime":1439.7600000000002,"body":"meeting with me and discussing"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1436.8500000000001,"endTime":1439.7600000000002,"body":"this. And going through all of"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1439.7600000000002,"endTime":1442.2800000000002,"body":"the technical trouble setting up"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1439.7600000000002,"endTime":1442.2800000000002,"body":"this interview. I really"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1442.2800000000002,"endTime":1445.25,"body":"appreciate it. And I'm so"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1442.2800000000002,"endTime":1445.25,"body":"excited to see what we get in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1445.25,"endTime":1447.38,"body":"the next couple of years in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1445.25,"endTime":1447.38,"body":"terms of geothermal energy"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1447.38,"endTime":1450.8300000000002,"body":"production in Canada. Can't"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1447.38,"endTime":1450.8300000000002,"body":"wait. If you want to find out"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1450.8300000000002,"endTime":1453.89,"body":"more about geothermal energy in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1450.8300000000002,"endTime":1453.89,"body":"Canada, you can look them up at"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1453.89,"endTime":1458.3600000000001,"body":"geothermal Canada, dot o RG, or"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1453.89,"endTime":1458.3600000000001,"body":"you can follow them on Twitter,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1458.48,"endTime":1461.8100000000002,"body":"LinkedIn, or even on YouTube."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1458.48,"endTime":1461.8100000000002,"body":"I'll leave links in the show"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1461.8100000000002,"endTime":1464.8100000000002,"body":"notes for all of these websites,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1461.8100000000002,"endTime":1464.8100000000002,"body":"be sure to go check them out."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1465.5600000000002,"endTime":1468.2,"body":"I'm the host and producer David"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1465.5600000000002,"endTime":1468.2,"body":"Evans. And I just like to thank"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1468.2,"endTime":1471.2600000000002,"body":"the rest of the team,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1468.2,"endTime":1471.2600000000002,"body":"specifically Paula Pohlmann, Lee"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1471.2600000000002,"endTime":1474.8300000000002,"body":"Burton, and the rest of the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1471.2600000000002,"endTime":1474.8300000000002,"body":"aquatic biosphere board. Thanks"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1474.8300000000002,"endTime":1478.0100000000002,"body":"for all of your help. And to"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1474.8300000000002,"endTime":1478.0100000000002,"body":"learn more about the aquatic"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1478.0100000000002,"endTime":1481.0700000000002,"body":"biosphere project and what we're"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1478.0100000000002,"endTime":1481.0700000000002,"body":"doing right here in Alberta"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1481.1000000000001,"endTime":1484.0700000000002,"body":"telling the story of water, you"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1481.1000000000001,"endTime":1484.0700000000002,"body":"can check us out at aquatic"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1484.0700000000002,"endTime":1488.9,"body":"biosphere.ca. And we also have"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1484.0700000000002,"endTime":1488.9,"body":"launched our new media company,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1489.2600000000002,"endTime":1493.7,"body":"ABN aquatic biosphere network,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1489.2600000000002,"endTime":1493.7,"body":"which you can find that the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1493.7,"endTime":1497.75,"body":"public place dot online and"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1493.7,"endTime":1497.75,"body":"search for the aquatic biosphere"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1497.75,"endTime":1501.17,"body":"network channel, where we will"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1497.75,"endTime":1501.17,"body":"actually be posting all of the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1501.17,"endTime":1504.41,"body":"video episodes that we're going"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1501.17,"endTime":1504.41,"body":"to be creating this year. So"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1504.5900000000001,"endTime":1507.8000000000002,"body":"tune in. They will be out for"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1504.5900000000001,"endTime":1507.8000000000002,"body":"the next little while but very"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1507.8000000000002,"endTime":1510.47,"body":"excited to start sharing video"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1507.8000000000002,"endTime":1510.47,"body":"content as well as our"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1510.47,"endTime":1514.3400000000001,"body":"interviews. Make sure you're"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1510.47,"endTime":1514.3400000000001,"body":"subscribed because next week,"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1514.46,"endTime":1517.5800000000002,"body":"you won't want to miss our deep"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1514.46,"endTime":1517.5800000000002,"body":"dive episode with Dr. Greg"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1517.5800000000002,"endTime":1521.72,"body":"Stone, an underwater explorer"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1517.5800000000002,"endTime":1521.72,"body":"Aarhus explored basically every"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1521.72,"endTime":1525.74,"body":"inch of the ocean, but also now"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1521.72,"endTime":1525.74,"body":"is super involved with the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1525.74,"endTime":1529.0700000000002,"body":"metals company. And looking at"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1525.74,"endTime":1529.0700000000002,"body":"how we can get all of the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1529.0700000000002,"endTime":1532.19,"body":"battery metals we need for the"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1529.0700000000002,"endTime":1532.19,"body":"future of electric vehicles in"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1532.19,"endTime":1535.8500000000001,"body":"this world, from the bottom of"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1532.19,"endTime":1535.8500000000001,"body":"the ocean and doing it with"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1535.8500000000001,"endTime":1539.2700000000002,"body":"environmental safety in mind."},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1535.8500000000001,"endTime":1539.2700000000002,"body":"Tune in, you won't want to miss"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1539.2700000000002,"endTime":1542.21,"body":"it. If you have any questions or"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1539.2700000000002,"endTime":1542.21,"body":"comments about the show, we'd"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1542.21,"endTime":1546.0800000000002,"body":"love to hear them. Email us at"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1542.21,"endTime":1546.0800000000002,"body":"conservation at aquatic"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1546.0800000000002,"endTime":1550.5200000000002,"body":"biosphere.org. Please don't"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1546.0800000000002,"endTime":1550.5200000000002,"body":"forget to like, share and"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1550.5200000000002,"endTime":1554.5400000000002,"body":"subscribe. Leave us a review. It"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1550.5200000000002,"endTime":1554.5400000000002,"body":"really helps us out. Thanks and"},{"speaker":"David Evans","startTime":1554.5400000000002,"endTime":1555.8300000000002,"body":"it's been a splash"}]}