{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":3.54,"endTime":7.11,"body":"Talk description to me"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":3.54,"endTime":7.11,"body":"is Christine Malec and JJ Hunt"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":27.0,"endTime":28.47,"body":"Hi, I'm"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":27.0,"endTime":28.47,"body":"Christine Malec."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":28.65,"endTime":31.92,"body":"And I'm JJ Hunt. This"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":28.65,"endTime":31.92,"body":"is talk description to me, where"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":31.92,"endTime":34.62,"body":"the visuals of current events"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":31.92,"endTime":34.62,"body":"and the world around us get"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":34.62,"endTime":37.38,"body":"hashed out in description rich"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":34.62,"endTime":37.38,"body":"conversations."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":47.16,"endTime":50.28,"body":"As with so many"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":47.16,"endTime":50.28,"body":"of our previous episodes, this"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":50.28,"endTime":54.78,"body":"episode came out of a kind of a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":50.28,"endTime":54.78,"body":"lifelong curiosity of mine about"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":54.99,"endTime":60.42,"body":"river systems. And as someone"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":54.99,"endTime":60.42,"body":"who grew up blind, I, I kind of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":60.42,"endTime":64.77,"body":"remember the moment it was, you"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":60.42,"endTime":64.77,"body":"know, shockingly late in my in"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":64.77,"endTime":68.25,"body":"my education process where,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":64.77,"endTime":68.25,"body":"okay, I was still a kid, but"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":68.28,"endTime":71.31,"body":"where I realized rivers don't"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":68.28,"endTime":71.31,"body":"just start and flow straight"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":71.31,"endTime":74.31,"body":"down to the ocean and empty into"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":71.31,"endTime":74.31,"body":"it. They're really twisty and"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":74.31,"endTime":79.59,"body":"windy and complicated. And I"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":74.31,"endTime":79.59,"body":"didn't know that not having seen"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":79.59,"endTime":83.01,"body":"maps. And so the more I learned"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":79.59,"endTime":83.01,"body":"about them, the more I learned"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":83.01,"endTime":86.04,"body":"how complex they are. So today,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":83.01,"endTime":86.04,"body":"we're going to talk about"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":86.61,"endTime":92.25,"body":"waterways, specifically river"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":86.61,"endTime":92.25,"body":"systems, and how they interact"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":92.25,"endTime":97.26,"body":"with the land and how the land"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":92.25,"endTime":97.26,"body":"interacts with them. And what"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":97.29,"endTime":99.78,"body":"what the behavior of river"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":97.29,"endTime":99.78,"body":"systems is, and we're going to"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":99.87,"endTime":104.82,"body":"definitely be looking at some"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":99.87,"endTime":104.82,"body":"specific examples, and how they"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":104.82,"endTime":109.2,"body":"fit into the landscape and what"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":104.82,"endTime":109.2,"body":"they do. So, JJ, for this, you"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":109.2,"endTime":113.43,"body":"use some satellite data and"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":109.2,"endTime":113.43,"body":"satellite images as a starting"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":113.43,"endTime":114.03,"body":"point, right?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":114.15,"endTime":116.94,"body":"Yeah, I looked at some"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":114.15,"endTime":116.94,"body":"satellite images also looked at"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":116.94,"endTime":120.45,"body":"a lot of diagrams, I found that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":116.94,"endTime":120.45,"body":"between the satellite images and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":120.45,"endTime":125.61,"body":"the diagrams, you get a pretty"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":120.45,"endTime":125.61,"body":"decent understanding of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":125.61,"endTime":130.98,"body":"systems and how they work river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":125.61,"endTime":130.98,"body":"or stream systems. When you look"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":130.98,"endTime":134.22,"body":"at them in a diagram, or"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":130.98,"endTime":134.22,"body":"sometimes in satellite images,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":134.22,"endTime":138.66,"body":"they look like Bear trees,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":134.22,"endTime":138.66,"body":"they've got these thick trunks"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":138.81,"endTime":142.05,"body":"with a wide base of major routes"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":138.81,"endTime":142.05,"body":"that are connected to a large"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":142.05,"endTime":145.35,"body":"body of water, like an ocean or"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":142.05,"endTime":145.35,"body":"a sea or lake or something like"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":145.35,"endTime":149.1,"body":"that, then then the big trunk"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":145.35,"endTime":149.1,"body":"that goes up from there, and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":149.1,"endTime":152.49,"body":"then wide branches that come off"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":149.1,"endTime":152.49,"body":"of the trunk, these are the main"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":152.49,"endTime":156.39,"body":"tributaries, and then from"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":152.49,"endTime":156.39,"body":"there, smaller branches and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":156.39,"endTime":159.48,"body":"twigs that come off of the main"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":156.39,"endTime":159.48,"body":"branches, these are the little"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":159.48,"endTime":162.84,"body":"streams, not kind of description"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":159.48,"endTime":162.84,"body":"is in reverse of the way it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":162.84,"endTime":165.78,"body":"actually works. Of course, the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":162.84,"endTime":165.78,"body":"water starts in those tiny"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":165.78,"endTime":169.17,"body":"little streams, those little"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":165.78,"endTime":169.17,"body":"twigs and branches, comes down"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":169.17,"endTime":173.31,"body":"toward the connect with enjoying"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":169.17,"endTime":173.31,"body":"the kind of, you know, larger"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":173.31,"endTime":176.4,"body":"branches of water, the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":173.31,"endTime":176.4,"body":"tributaries, those then feed"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":176.4,"endTime":181.2,"body":"into the trunk of the tree that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":176.4,"endTime":181.2,"body":"then come out into into the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":181.2,"endTime":186.21,"body":"roots, which are like the deltas"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":181.2,"endTime":186.21,"body":"that connect to major bodies of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":186.21,"endTime":191.1,"body":"water. And the diagrams of river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":186.21,"endTime":191.1,"body":"systems, I think are often used"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":191.1,"endTime":195.24,"body":"in textbooks and in video"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":191.1,"endTime":195.24,"body":"explainers, diagrams that that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":195.24,"endTime":198.24,"body":"really emphasize this pattern"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":195.24,"endTime":198.24,"body":"that I've just described."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":198.54,"endTime":202.17,"body":"Because even when the satellite"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":198.54,"endTime":202.17,"body":"images are readily available,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":202.47,"endTime":206.91,"body":"the diagrams can can really draw"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":202.47,"endTime":206.91,"body":"attention to those smaller"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":206.91,"endTime":210.57,"body":"streams and tributaries. In"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":206.91,"endTime":210.57,"body":"satellite images, those often"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":210.57,"endTime":213.93,"body":"get left out, because they just,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":210.57,"endTime":213.93,"body":"they're just not, they're just"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":213.93,"endTime":216.51,"body":"not clearly visible. So a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":213.93,"endTime":216.51,"body":"satellite image of a river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":216.51,"endTime":220.59,"body":"system might be taken from"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":216.51,"endTime":220.59,"body":"hundreds, maybe even 1000s of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":220.59,"endTime":223.89,"body":"kilometers above sea level, and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":220.59,"endTime":223.89,"body":"a stream that's only 10 feet"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":223.89,"endTime":227.52,"body":"wide with, with trees growing on"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":223.89,"endTime":227.52,"body":"both sides of the bank, that's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":227.52,"endTime":230.55,"body":"just not going to show up. I'm"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":227.52,"endTime":230.55,"body":"sure the experts can see the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":230.55,"endTime":233.82,"body":"visual evidence I can cat you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":230.55,"endTime":233.82,"body":"know, configure it, a little bit"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":233.82,"endTime":237.42,"body":"of it. But for the purposes of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":233.82,"endTime":237.42,"body":"education, the diagram is often"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":237.42,"endTime":237.9,"body":"the thing."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":238.68,"endTime":243.21,"body":"So you already"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":238.68,"endTime":243.21,"body":"challenged an idea that I had by"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":243.21,"endTime":248.4,"body":"saying that the what you're"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":243.21,"endTime":248.4,"body":"saying is that the head of a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":248.4,"endTime":251.64,"body":"river, like where it starts is"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":248.4,"endTime":251.64,"body":"not necessarily obvious. I"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":251.64,"endTime":254.43,"body":"always assumed like, oh, okay,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":251.64,"endTime":254.43,"body":"that's the starting point."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":254.43,"endTime":257.25,"body":"That's really obvious. But the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":254.43,"endTime":257.25,"body":"way you're describing it is a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":257.43,"endTime":260.94,"body":"little branch let's feeding into"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":257.43,"endTime":260.94,"body":"something bigger and bigger and"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":260.94,"endTime":263.43,"body":"bigger. And it's a bit almost"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":260.94,"endTime":263.43,"body":"like the reverse of how I"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":263.43,"endTime":268.38,"body":"pictured it. So is it ever"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":263.43,"endTime":268.38,"body":"unclear what the actual head of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":268.38,"endTime":270.81,"body":"a river is like the actual"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":268.38,"endTime":270.81,"body":"starting point?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":270.81,"endTime":274.47,"body":"Yeah, I think it is."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":270.81,"endTime":274.47,"body":"Rivers are fed by lots of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":274.47,"endTime":277.05,"body":"different types of water, right?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":274.47,"endTime":277.05,"body":"You've got rainwater, you've got"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":277.05,"endTime":281.16,"body":"glacial melt. There's also"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":277.05,"endTime":281.16,"body":"groundwater ins and springs,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":281.25,"endTime":285.09,"body":"those feed river systems as"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":281.25,"endTime":285.09,"body":"well. And so there are some"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":285.09,"endTime":290.49,"body":"areas where the clear part of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":285.09,"endTime":290.49,"body":"the river the tributary or the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":290.49,"endTime":293.79,"body":"stream that might be that might"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":290.49,"endTime":293.79,"body":"be clear, you know, there's a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":293.79,"endTime":297.36,"body":"cut in the soil. There's a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":293.79,"endTime":297.36,"body":"there's a you know, some kind of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":297.36,"endTime":302.19,"body":"hollow in the land and and water"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":297.36,"endTime":302.19,"body":"is running down it, that's a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":302.19,"endTime":305.82,"body":"stream that's clear. But the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":302.19,"endTime":305.82,"body":"groundwater that kind of bubbles"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":305.85,"endTime":310.83,"body":"up and becomes swamp land,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":305.85,"endTime":310.83,"body":"that's part of the river system"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":310.83,"endTime":315.69,"body":"as well. So the wetlands that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":310.83,"endTime":315.69,"body":"feed into those streams, those"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":315.69,"endTime":321.0,"body":"are all part of the river system"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":315.69,"endTime":321.0,"body":"of a stream network. So the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":321.0,"endTime":324.3,"body":"rainwater, the glacial melt, the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":321.0,"endTime":324.3,"body":"groundwater, all of that flows"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":324.3,"endTime":328.26,"body":"into the small streams, those"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":324.3,"endTime":328.26,"body":"streams converge into branches,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":328.41,"endTime":332.25,"body":"those gather into the main"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":328.41,"endTime":332.25,"body":"trunk, you know, so on and so"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":332.25,"endTime":336.24,"body":"forth. And then when they get"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":332.25,"endTime":336.24,"body":"close to the big body of water"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":336.24,"endTime":341.46,"body":"that they are releasing into,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":336.24,"endTime":341.46,"body":"that's when you get these flat"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":342.06,"endTime":346.47,"body":"deltas, because a lot of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":342.06,"endTime":346.47,"body":"sediment has been carried down"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":346.47,"endTime":350.55,"body":"by the water deposited in this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":346.47,"endTime":350.55,"body":"flat land that builds up this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":350.55,"endTime":355.47,"body":"flat land. And then that's what"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":350.55,"endTime":355.47,"body":"floods and creates these deltas"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":355.59,"endTime":359.67,"body":"that then release into into the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":355.59,"endTime":359.67,"body":"sea or the ocean and whatnot."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":360.84,"endTime":363.9,"body":"And so I guess"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":360.84,"endTime":363.9,"body":"you've answered my question that"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":363.9,"endTime":369.0,"body":"was brewing for me is, is that"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":363.9,"endTime":369.0,"body":"why a diagram might be more"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":369.0,"endTime":373.23,"body":"effective than a satellite image"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":369.0,"endTime":373.23,"body":"because it labels things and"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":373.23,"endTime":374.7,"body":"traces that out for you?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":374.73,"endTime":377.94,"body":"That's right, it labels"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":374.73,"endTime":377.94,"body":"things, it traces it clearly. If"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":377.94,"endTime":381.36,"body":"you're looking at a satellite"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":377.94,"endTime":381.36,"body":"image, if you are an expert, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":381.36,"endTime":385.02,"body":"might know that this brown patch"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":381.36,"endTime":385.02,"body":"in the satellite image"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":385.86,"endTime":390.06,"body":"represents a kind of swampy"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":385.86,"endTime":390.06,"body":"area. And in that swampy area,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":390.09,"endTime":395.19,"body":"we know that the elevation of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":390.09,"endTime":395.19,"body":"that swamp is higher than this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":395.19,"endTime":401.34,"body":"thin blue squiggle that appears,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":395.19,"endTime":401.34,"body":"you know, a down, you know"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":401.34,"endTime":404.85,"body":"downslope from that, and so"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":401.34,"endTime":404.85,"body":"therefore, that water is feeding"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":404.85,"endTime":408.81,"body":"that stream. But to the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":404.85,"endTime":408.81,"body":"layperson, who's looking at"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":408.81,"endTime":412.29,"body":"that, that might not be clear."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":408.81,"endTime":412.29,"body":"Whereas if you have a nice"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":412.32,"endTime":417.66,"body":"arrow, blue arrow on a green"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":412.32,"endTime":417.66,"body":"piece of land that points like,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":417.69,"endTime":420.66,"body":"here's where the, you know,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":417.69,"endTime":420.66,"body":"here's the wetland, and here's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":420.66,"endTime":424.71,"body":"where the stream is going. It's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":420.66,"endTime":424.71,"body":"just more clear than a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":424.71,"endTime":427.44,"body":"satellite. I've got an image of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":424.71,"endTime":427.44,"body":"a satellite here, an example"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":427.56,"endTime":432.27,"body":"that I pulled up from the NASA's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":427.56,"endTime":432.27,"body":"Earth Observatory website, this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":432.27,"endTime":437.4,"body":"image was taken in 2019. This"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":432.27,"endTime":437.4,"body":"is, was taken at a time when the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":437.43,"endTime":441.69,"body":"water levels in the Mississippi"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":437.43,"endTime":441.69,"body":"and the Missouri rivers in the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":441.69,"endTime":446.46,"body":"southern US they were very, very"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":441.69,"endTime":446.46,"body":"high. This image is a high res"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":446.46,"endTime":449.67,"body":"full color satellite picture of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":446.46,"endTime":449.67,"body":"the southern part of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":449.67,"endTime":454.92,"body":"Mississippi. And, you know, it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":449.67,"endTime":454.92,"body":"got state borders, overlaid and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":454.92,"endTime":457.86,"body":"fine white lines, but it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":454.92,"endTime":457.86,"body":"mostly just about the geography"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":457.86,"endTime":463.86,"body":"here. Visually. This image shows"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":457.86,"endTime":463.86,"body":"the main trunk of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":463.86,"endTime":467.97,"body":"Mississippi running south from"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":463.86,"endTime":467.97,"body":"about the southeast tip of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":468.0,"endTime":473.25,"body":"Missouri, near Kentucky and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":468.0,"endTime":473.25,"body":"Illinois. But in fact, the river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":473.25,"endTime":478.08,"body":"system actually starts far, far,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":473.25,"endTime":478.08,"body":"far north of that it starts near"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":478.08,"endTime":482.13,"body":"the Canadian border. There's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":478.08,"endTime":482.13,"body":"water that's pulled in from that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":482.13,"endTime":487.68,"body":"far away. But it's not always"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":482.13,"endTime":487.68,"body":"clear in these satellite images"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":487.77,"endTime":491.04,"body":"in this satellite image of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":487.77,"endTime":491.04,"body":"lower half the lower portion of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":491.04,"endTime":496.77,"body":"the Mississippi, the river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":491.04,"endTime":496.77,"body":"system looks like a tall,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":496.8,"endTime":501.21,"body":"narrow, windblown tree, that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":496.8,"endTime":501.21,"body":"kind of leans a little bit to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":501.21,"endTime":505.5,"body":"the right near the base of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":501.21,"endTime":505.5,"body":"tree kind of moving up, there's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":505.5,"endTime":509.19,"body":"a branch that breaks off to our"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":505.5,"endTime":509.19,"body":"left into Louisiana, but the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":509.19,"endTime":514.83,"body":"main trunk kind of angles up to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":509.19,"endTime":514.83,"body":"our right, and that the trunk of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":514.83,"endTime":518.67,"body":"the Mississippi that creates the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":514.83,"endTime":518.67,"body":"divide between Louisiana and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":518.67,"endTime":522.09,"body":"above it Arkansas, which is on"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":518.67,"endTime":522.09,"body":"our left or the West, and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":522.09,"endTime":525.03,"body":"Mississippi and above it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":522.09,"endTime":525.03,"body":"Tennessee to our right or to the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":525.06,"endTime":530.16,"body":"east. And then about halfway up"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":525.06,"endTime":530.16,"body":"of Mississippi there's this wide"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":530.16,"endTime":534.96,"body":"blue patch that looks kind of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":530.16,"endTime":534.96,"body":"like a knot or a burl if we're"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":534.96,"endTime":539.01,"body":"sticking with this tree"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":534.96,"endTime":539.01,"body":"metaphor. This is Delta National"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":539.01,"endTime":542.82,"body":"Forest part of the Mississippi's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":539.01,"endTime":542.82,"body":"floodplain. And then above that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":542.85,"endTime":546.45,"body":"north of the Louisiana Arkansas"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":542.85,"endTime":546.45,"body":"border, there's a branch that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":546.45,"endTime":549.72,"body":"goes off to the left this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":546.45,"endTime":549.72,"body":"creates a bit of a V shape that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":549.72,"endTime":553.14,"body":"I believe is the Arkansas River"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":549.72,"endTime":553.14,"body":"going off to the left and the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":553.14,"endTime":556.35,"body":"Mississippi that's the right"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":553.14,"endTime":556.35,"body":"side of the V shape and that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":556.35,"endTime":560.58,"body":"carries on up and up and up up"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":556.35,"endTime":560.58,"body":"the top of our image and then"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":560.61,"endTime":565.68,"body":"again eventually fades away into"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":560.61,"endTime":565.68,"body":"this you know green area that is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":565.68,"endTime":568.38,"body":"still feeding that's still the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":565.68,"endTime":568.38,"body":"headwaters coming down from the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":568.38,"endTime":573.3,"body":"south. So it's amazing and again"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":568.38,"endTime":573.3,"body":"keep in mind this roots up"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":573.3,"endTime":577.05,"body":"description that I've just given"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":573.3,"endTime":577.05,"body":"us backwards, the water flows"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":577.05,"endTime":580.59,"body":"from the tiny twigs, the which"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":577.05,"endTime":580.59,"body":"of the streams into the larger"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":580.59,"endTime":583.05,"body":"branches then into the trunk and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":580.59,"endTime":583.05,"body":"I say that over and over again"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":583.05,"endTime":587.82,"body":"because visually, I sometimes"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":583.05,"endTime":587.82,"body":"find that hard to remember like"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":587.82,"endTime":592.47,"body":"when you write or water on the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":587.82,"endTime":592.47,"body":"ground. It comes the water, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":592.47,"endTime":595.29,"body":"know flows from the source this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":592.47,"endTime":595.29,"body":"bucket or whatever that you've"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":595.29,"endTime":599.1,"body":"dumped water out of. And then it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":595.29,"endTime":599.1,"body":"slowly creeps out and becomes"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":599.1,"endTime":603.57,"body":"these You know, into little tiny"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":599.1,"endTime":603.57,"body":"streams or trickles along the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":603.6,"endTime":608.67,"body":"earth. But in fact, this is the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":603.6,"endTime":608.67,"body":"opposite the little tiny streams"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":608.67,"endTime":611.34,"body":"or trickles, that's where the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":608.67,"endTime":611.34,"body":"water is coming from feeding"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":611.37,"endTime":616.41,"body":"into the big branch and then"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":611.37,"endTime":616.41,"body":"going into the major body of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":616.41,"endTime":618.39,"body":"water, the lake or the sea or"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":616.41,"endTime":618.39,"body":"the ocean."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":619.68,"endTime":622.65,"body":"I play like to"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":619.68,"endTime":622.65,"body":"understand deltas better. And I"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":622.65,"endTime":626.7,"body":"feel like from my memory of a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":622.65,"endTime":626.7,"body":"tactile map of the Nile, I feel"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":626.7,"endTime":630.12,"body":"like the Nile is a good example"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":626.7,"endTime":630.12,"body":"to start with, because unlike"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":630.12,"endTime":634.8,"body":"many rivers, it's it's actually"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":630.12,"endTime":634.8,"body":"sort of straight compared to"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":634.8,"endTime":638.19,"body":"other rivers. So can we kind of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":634.8,"endTime":638.19,"body":"use that as an example and also"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":638.19,"endTime":641.52,"body":"and describe the delta that"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":638.19,"endTime":641.52,"body":"happens when it reaches the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":641.52,"endTime":642.36,"body":"Mediterranean."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":642.66,"endTime":646.86,"body":"So the Nile Delta is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":642.66,"endTime":646.86,"body":"kind of extraordinary, because"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":646.86,"endTime":652.53,"body":"of just how green it is,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":646.86,"endTime":652.53,"body":"compared to the rest of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":652.53,"endTime":658.62,"body":"landscape. You know, the Nile"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":652.53,"endTime":658.62,"body":"Delta is in Egypt, at the north"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":658.62,"endTime":662.07,"body":"end of the of the country where"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":658.62,"endTime":662.07,"body":"it reaches the Mediterranean."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":662.22,"endTime":666.69,"body":"And yes, so the river, the Nile"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":662.22,"endTime":666.69,"body":"River has gone in a more or less"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":666.69,"endTime":671.1,"body":"straight line. And when you look"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":666.69,"endTime":671.1,"body":"at a satellite image, the Nile"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":671.1,"endTime":676.41,"body":"river looks green, because it is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":671.1,"endTime":676.41,"body":"bordered by trees, vegetation"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":676.41,"endTime":680.34,"body":"growing right along either side"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":676.41,"endTime":680.34,"body":"of the relatively straight and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":680.34,"endTime":685.56,"body":"narrow, for the most part, not"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":680.34,"endTime":685.56,"body":"that narrow, but it looks narrow"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":685.56,"endTime":689.1,"body":"compared to the deserts on"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":685.56,"endTime":689.1,"body":"either sides. On the satellite"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":689.1,"endTime":692.46,"body":"image, you've got desert to the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":689.1,"endTime":692.46,"body":"right desert to the left, and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":692.46,"endTime":696.21,"body":"then a relatively straight green"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":692.46,"endTime":696.21,"body":"thin line that comes up through"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":696.21,"endTime":699.33,"body":"the middle, that's the Nile and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":696.21,"endTime":699.33,"body":"the vegetation on either side."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":699.51,"endTime":702.87,"body":"And then as it approaches the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":699.51,"endTime":702.87,"body":"Mediterranean in a satellite"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":702.87,"endTime":710.31,"body":"image, it fans out into a great"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":702.87,"endTime":710.31,"body":"big V. And everything in that is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":710.37,"endTime":714.78,"body":"green, it's lush, there are"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":710.37,"endTime":714.78,"body":"things growing, this is the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":714.78,"endTime":719.61,"body":"floodplain. And right along the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":714.78,"endTime":719.61,"body":"border, like right along the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":719.61,"endTime":722.52,"body":"shore, really of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":719.61,"endTime":722.52,"body":"Mediterranean, that's when you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":722.55,"endTime":727.23,"body":"get city. So that's an urban"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":722.55,"endTime":727.23,"body":"center there right along. And so"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":727.29,"endTime":731.85,"body":"some within that green, there's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":727.29,"endTime":731.85,"body":"kind of this green and gray"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":731.85,"endTime":735.36,"body":"patch, which is where it is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":731.85,"endTime":735.36,"body":"urban, but there's still"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":735.42,"endTime":738.72,"body":"vegetation, there's still life."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":735.42,"endTime":738.72,"body":"And that's what it looks like"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":738.81,"endTime":743.79,"body":"when it is when things are lush,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":738.81,"endTime":743.79,"body":"if you look at the diagram of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":743.79,"endTime":748.17,"body":"that, you can actually see"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":743.79,"endTime":748.17,"body":"individual like rivulets, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":748.17,"endTime":753.36,"body":"can see little streams, you can"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":748.17,"endTime":753.36,"body":"see those roots, that that go in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":753.96,"endTime":757.62,"body":"to, you know, that branch out"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":753.96,"endTime":757.62,"body":"into the water. But when the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":757.62,"endTime":762.12,"body":"area is is either flooded, or,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":757.62,"endTime":762.12,"body":"or the you know, the vegetation"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":762.12,"endTime":765.9,"body":"has grown, you can't see those"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":762.12,"endTime":765.9,"body":"individual streams, the whole"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":765.9,"endTime":768.3,"body":"area just looks green and lush."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":769.56,"endTime":772.32,"body":"I want to try"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":769.56,"endTime":772.32,"body":"my hand at a bit of describing"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":772.32,"endTime":774.99,"body":"because this wasn't clear to me"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":772.32,"endTime":774.99,"body":"until I was able to check out a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":774.99,"endTime":779.67,"body":"tactile map. And if I'm right,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":774.99,"endTime":779.67,"body":"the Nile makes kind of a Y"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":779.67,"endTime":783.09,"body":"shape. So it's coming from south"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":779.67,"endTime":783.09,"body":"to north. And then when it hits"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":783.09,"endTime":788.85,"body":"the Mediterranean, it deposits"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":783.09,"endTime":788.85,"body":"all of this silt and soil and"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":788.85,"endTime":792.36,"body":"stuff to make this triangular"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":788.85,"endTime":792.36,"body":"formation of land so that you"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":792.36,"endTime":795.12,"body":"end up I think, at the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":792.36,"endTime":795.12,"body":"Mediterranean, the Nile kind of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":795.12,"endTime":799.5,"body":"splits around this triangular"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":795.12,"endTime":799.5,"body":"delta. So there's water flowing,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":799.5,"endTime":804.33,"body":"sort of northeast and northwest"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":799.5,"endTime":804.33,"body":"around the delta. And so the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":804.33,"endTime":810.99,"body":"delta is a triangular result of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":804.33,"endTime":810.99,"body":"deposits from the Nile, is that"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":810.99,"endTime":811.32,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":811.35,"endTime":813.99,"body":"Yeah, that's absolutely"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":811.35,"endTime":813.99,"body":"right. With the line coming up"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":813.99,"endTime":817.65,"body":"from the bottom, from from the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":813.99,"endTime":817.65,"body":"South to the North, it's a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":817.65,"endTime":819.99,"body":"little bit bendy, but it's, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":817.65,"endTime":819.99,"body":"know, more or less straight, and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":819.99,"endTime":823.17,"body":"then you've got, you know, the v"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":819.99,"endTime":823.17,"body":"shape on top of that, that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":823.17,"endTime":825.96,"body":"triangular shape on top of that,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":823.17,"endTime":825.96,"body":"that triangle with the line"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":825.96,"endTime":828.24,"body":"coming at the bottom that's very"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":825.96,"endTime":828.24,"body":"much a Y shape."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":829.08,"endTime":831.9,"body":"And from a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":829.08,"endTime":831.9,"body":"human perspective, what happens"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":831.9,"endTime":835.89,"body":"on Delta's like, Are there"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":831.9,"endTime":835.89,"body":"cities on that delta people live"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":835.89,"endTime":840.87,"body":"there? And if they do, is it a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":835.89,"endTime":840.87,"body":"kind of a canal based area where"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":840.87,"endTime":844.2,"body":"you would need boats or a lot of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":840.87,"endTime":844.2,"body":"bridges to get across the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":844.2,"endTime":844.89,"body":"rivulets?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":845.01,"endTime":847.98,"body":"Yeah, definitely, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":845.01,"endTime":847.98,"body":"need a lot of you need"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":847.98,"endTime":851.52,"body":"infrastructure to deal with"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":847.98,"endTime":851.52,"body":"this, right. So either because"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":851.52,"endTime":855.48,"body":"you are expecting flooding"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":851.52,"endTime":855.48,"body":"regularly, or because there just"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":855.48,"endTime":859.35,"body":"might be a flood at some point."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":855.48,"endTime":859.35,"body":"Or because this is just wet"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":859.38,"endTime":862.59,"body":"land, you need to have, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":859.38,"endTime":862.59,"body":"know, ways to deal with that in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":862.59,"endTime":868.26,"body":"some places where the canals in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":862.59,"endTime":868.26,"body":"the Delta are clearer than you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":868.26,"endTime":872.61,"body":"have. Yeah, then you have canal"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":868.26,"endTime":872.61,"body":"based systems where where people"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":872.61,"endTime":876.27,"body":"are traveling by boat, from"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":872.61,"endTime":876.27,"body":"place to place that just makes"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":876.27,"endTime":879.69,"body":"sense for their way of, of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":876.27,"endTime":879.69,"body":"getting around in other places"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":880.08,"endTime":884.37,"body":"where you might just be needing,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":880.08,"endTime":884.37,"body":"you might just be prepared for"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":884.37,"endTime":888.33,"body":"floods, as opposed to living"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":884.37,"endTime":888.33,"body":"without water day in and day"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":888.33,"endTime":890.49,"body":"out. And maybe you're going to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":888.33,"endTime":890.49,"body":"you're going to build your"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":890.49,"endTime":893.43,"body":"infrastructure in a different"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":890.49,"endTime":893.43,"body":"way. I've got an image here,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":893.46,"endTime":896.49,"body":"which is a flood plain. So it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":893.46,"endTime":896.49,"body":"not a Delta but it's a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":896.49,"endTime":901.74,"body":"floodplain of the Nile. This is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":896.49,"endTime":901.74,"body":"in Sioux, then and this image is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":901.77,"endTime":905.4,"body":"it's quite something, it's a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":901.77,"endTime":905.4,"body":"hazy picture. So it's a little"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":905.4,"endTime":909.09,"body":"bit hard to make out. The city"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":905.4,"endTime":909.09,"body":"that's in the background. So"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":909.09,"endTime":912.93,"body":"starts in the background, this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":909.09,"endTime":912.93,"body":"hazy city, and jutting out"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":912.93,"endTime":917.91,"body":"toward us from the city is this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":912.93,"endTime":917.91,"body":"point of green land with a few"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":917.91,"endTime":923.58,"body":"high rises on it. And then all"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":917.91,"endTime":923.58,"body":"around that point, really"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":923.58,"endTime":929.73,"body":"occupying the most of the image"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":923.58,"endTime":929.73,"body":"is flooded land. And it's, it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":929.76,"endTime":934.44,"body":"very difficult to say how large"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":929.76,"endTime":934.44,"body":"an area the flood is because the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":934.44,"endTime":938.82,"body":"camera angle was clearly chosen"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":934.44,"endTime":938.82,"body":"to emphasize just how vast it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":938.82,"endTime":941.76,"body":"is. And you know, so the camera"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":938.82,"endTime":941.76,"body":"angles playing a little bit of a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":941.76,"endTime":945.51,"body":"trick on us. But it's a huge"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":941.76,"endTime":945.51,"body":"expanse of flooded land, this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":945.51,"endTime":950.4,"body":"kind of muddy water, and then"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":945.51,"endTime":950.4,"body":"rising out of the muddy water,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":950.4,"endTime":955.98,"body":"these little kind of organized"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":950.4,"endTime":955.98,"body":"pads of green, so they're kind"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":955.98,"endTime":959.1,"body":"of making little islands. And I"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":955.98,"endTime":959.1,"body":"don't know what this land would"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":959.1,"endTime":963.3,"body":"look like without the flood. But"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":959.1,"endTime":963.3,"body":"with it, it's just this big,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":963.3,"endTime":969.3,"body":"huge muddy water like a big"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":963.3,"endTime":969.3,"body":"expanse. And then leading from"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":969.33,"endTime":974.22,"body":"the, that green point in the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":969.33,"endTime":974.22,"body":"center coming, you know, that's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":974.22,"endTime":979.23,"body":"coming toward us off to our"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":974.22,"endTime":979.23,"body":"right are two very long, thin"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":979.23,"endTime":982.47,"body":"bridges that from this angle"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":979.23,"endTime":982.47,"body":"look like they're barely above"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":982.47,"endTime":984.96,"body":"the water. So this is clearly"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":982.47,"endTime":984.96,"body":"how they've built their"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":984.96,"endTime":987.51,"body":"infrastructure. They know it's a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":984.96,"endTime":987.51,"body":"floodplain, they know it's going"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":987.51,"endTime":991.38,"body":"to be flooding, you got bridges"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":987.51,"endTime":991.38,"body":"to get on and off this, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":991.38,"endTime":995.1,"body":"know, this green point in the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":991.38,"endTime":995.1,"body":"middle, because it's likely that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":995.1,"endTime":999.09,"body":"this floodplain has some water"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":995.1,"endTime":999.09,"body":"in it all the time. And right"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":999.09,"endTime":1002.87,"body":"now, it's just at a high point"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":999.09,"endTime":1002.87,"body":"where the water is right up to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1002.87,"endTime":1006.98,"body":"the green point. And you know,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1002.87,"endTime":1006.98,"body":"taking over the entire image."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1008.27,"endTime":1012.35,"body":"As a historical"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1008.27,"endTime":1012.35,"body":"geek moment, I want to point out"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1012.35,"endTime":1015.38,"body":"that if you've read about the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1012.35,"endTime":1015.38,"body":"history of Egypt, you might know"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1015.38,"endTime":1018.05,"body":"about lower Egypt and Upper"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1015.38,"endTime":1018.05,"body":"Egypt. And it's"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1018.05,"endTime":1021.83,"body":"counterintuitive, because Upper"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1018.05,"endTime":1021.83,"body":"Egypt refers to closer to the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1021.83,"endTime":1027.08,"body":"head of the Nile, which is south"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1021.83,"endTime":1027.08,"body":"and Lower Egypt is north, which"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1027.08,"endTime":1032.78,"body":"refers to the lower, lower"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1027.08,"endTime":1032.78,"body":"aspect of the river. And the the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1032.78,"endTime":1035.78,"body":"origin of the Nile is not"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1032.78,"endTime":1035.78,"body":"actually an Egypt, right? It's,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1035.84,"endTime":1039.14,"body":"it's more in the southern part"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1035.84,"endTime":1039.14,"body":"of Africa or the middle part of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1039.14,"endTime":1039.65,"body":"Africa."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1039.68,"endTime":1042.86,"body":"Yeah, yeah. Closer to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1039.68,"endTime":1042.86,"body":"the middle. So the Nile runs,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1042.86,"endTime":1046.85,"body":"like you say, north in East"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1042.86,"endTime":1046.85,"body":"Africa. So it runs north, and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1046.85,"endTime":1051.23,"body":"it's in East Africa, it runs"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1046.85,"endTime":1051.23,"body":"from Lake Victoria, which is in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1051.23,"endTime":1055.46,"body":"Uganda, and Tanzania. And it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1051.23,"endTime":1055.46,"body":"runs through South Sudan and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1055.46,"endTime":1058.79,"body":"Sudan, up through Egypt. And"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1055.46,"endTime":1058.79,"body":"that's when it drains out into"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1058.79,"endTime":1062.9,"body":"the Mediterranean. So I find it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1058.79,"endTime":1062.9,"body":"really helpful to have a mental"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1062.9,"endTime":1066.92,"body":"picture of maps and landforms in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1062.9,"endTime":1066.92,"body":"my head, when I'm talking about"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1066.92,"endTime":1070.55,"body":"different parts of the world. So"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1066.92,"endTime":1070.55,"body":"let's try and make the continent"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1070.55,"endTime":1074.78,"body":"of Africa a little bit easier to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1070.55,"endTime":1074.78,"body":"picture. Okay, so take your"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1074.81,"endTime":1080.24,"body":"right hand and make a thumbs"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1074.81,"endTime":1080.24,"body":"down. So your palm is facing"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1080.24,"endTime":1083.78,"body":"away from you and the back of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1080.24,"endTime":1083.78,"body":"your hand that is pointed"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1083.78,"endTime":1088.07,"body":"towards you. Now, open up your"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1083.78,"endTime":1088.07,"body":"knuckles just a little bit so"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1088.07,"endTime":1090.59,"body":"that you're not making a tight"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1088.07,"endTime":1090.59,"body":"fist. So your knuckles are just"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1090.59,"endTime":1093.77,"body":"kind of loosened, they're opened"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1090.59,"endTime":1093.77,"body":"up a little bit. So your"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1093.77,"endTime":1096.41,"body":"knuckles above the rings, if"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1093.77,"endTime":1096.41,"body":"you've ring any rings, those are"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1096.41,"endTime":1101.0,"body":"pointing to your left, your"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1096.41,"endTime":1101.0,"body":"thumb is pointing down. That is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1101.03,"endTime":1106.82,"body":"kind of the shape of Africa. So"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1101.03,"endTime":1106.82,"body":"your knuckles, those are Western"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1106.82,"endTime":1111.77,"body":"Africa, your thumb, that's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1106.82,"endTime":1111.77,"body":"Southern Africa horn, yes,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1111.77,"endTime":1115.97,"body":"that's right. And that the top"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1111.77,"endTime":1115.97,"body":"the pinky side of your hand,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1116.21,"endTime":1120.29,"body":"that's Northern Africa. Now,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1116.21,"endTime":1120.29,"body":"this isn't perfect, the thumb"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1120.29,"endTime":1124.34,"body":"Southern Africa that is quite a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1120.29,"endTime":1124.34,"body":"bit bigger than your actual"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1124.34,"endTime":1126.59,"body":"thumb like relative to the rest"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1124.34,"endTime":1126.59,"body":"of your hand, that's a bigger"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1126.59,"endTime":1129.17,"body":"chunk. But that's more or less"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1126.59,"endTime":1129.17,"body":"where it's placed. And it does"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1129.17,"endTime":1132.32,"body":"kind of it does stick down like"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1129.17,"endTime":1132.32,"body":"that. That's the basic shape to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1132.32,"endTime":1135.86,"body":"the left of your thumb. That's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1132.32,"endTime":1135.86,"body":"the South Atlantic to the right"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1135.86,"endTime":1140.96,"body":"of your thumb, that's the Indian"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1135.86,"endTime":1140.96,"body":"Ocean, and your wrist, that's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1140.96,"endTime":1145.88,"body":"the Red Sea. The risk is the Red"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1140.96,"endTime":1145.88,"body":"Sea, which separates Africa from"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1145.88,"endTime":1151.49,"body":"Saudi Arabia. So the Nile in you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1145.88,"endTime":1151.49,"body":"know, relative to this hand, the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1151.49,"endTime":1155.63,"body":"Nile runs north from a more or"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1151.49,"endTime":1155.63,"body":"less than knuckle on your thumb,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1155.9,"endTime":1160.49,"body":"which is inland but not very far"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1155.9,"endTime":1160.49,"body":"from the eastern coast, it runs"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1160.49,"endTime":1164.87,"body":"from your knuckle, all the way"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1160.49,"endTime":1164.87,"body":"up across the back of your hand"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1164.87,"endTime":1167.75,"body":"kind of more or less parallel to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1164.87,"endTime":1167.75,"body":"your wrist, which is more or"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1167.75,"endTime":1170.93,"body":"less parallel to the Red Sea."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1167.75,"endTime":1170.93,"body":"And then it dumps into the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1170.93,"endTime":1175.04,"body":"Mediterranean Sea on the pinky"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1170.93,"endTime":1175.04,"body":"side of your hand, just to the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1175.04,"endTime":1178.58,"body":"left of your wrist. And that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1175.04,"endTime":1178.58,"body":"journey from about your knuckle"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1178.58,"endTime":1183.5,"body":"across the back of your hand."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1178.58,"endTime":1183.5,"body":"That's about 6800 kilometers"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1183.53,"endTime":1185.6,"body":"4200 miles."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1186.47,"endTime":1190.28,"body":"Wow. And as a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1186.47,"endTime":1190.28,"body":"side note, when we did the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1190.28,"endTime":1193.04,"body":"episode on the Suez Canal,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1190.28,"endTime":1193.04,"body":"that's kind of roughly where the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1193.04,"endTime":1195.53,"body":"Suez Canal was going to the east"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1193.04,"endTime":1195.53,"body":"of the Nile, right?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1195.62,"endTime":1198.14,"body":"That's exactly right."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1195.62,"endTime":1198.14,"body":"Because it's connecting that Red"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1198.14,"endTime":1202.46,"body":"Sea there's a little tiny bit of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1198.14,"endTime":1202.46,"body":"Land paths the Red Sea that they"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1202.46,"endTime":1207.68,"body":"had to break through it to get"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1202.46,"endTime":1207.68,"body":"into into the Mediterranean."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1207.71,"endTime":1208.67,"body":"That's absolutely right."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1209.69,"endTime":1211.49,"body":"So the Nile"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1209.69,"endTime":1211.49,"body":"being a more or less"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1211.52,"endTime":1216.14,"body":"straightforward image on a on a"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1211.52,"endTime":1216.14,"body":"satellite map sort of heading"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1216.14,"endTime":1219.2,"body":"from south to north. Let's talk"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1216.14,"endTime":1219.2,"body":"about something that's maybe"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1219.2,"endTime":1224.75,"body":"more complex. And the the Amazon"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1219.2,"endTime":1224.75,"body":"I think is the is the largest"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1224.81,"endTime":1226.85,"body":"river in the world by volume."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1226.88,"endTime":1232.58,"body":"Yeah, it is massive. So"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1226.88,"endTime":1232.58,"body":"the Amazon cuts across the top"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1232.61,"endTime":1236.96,"body":"of South America, the headwaters"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1232.61,"endTime":1236.96,"body":"start on the mountains, which"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1236.96,"endTime":1240.62,"body":"run down the west coast of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1236.96,"endTime":1240.62,"body":"subcontinent. And then the main"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1240.62,"endTime":1244.79,"body":"stem crosses Brazil and then"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1240.62,"endTime":1244.79,"body":"empties into the North Atlantic"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1244.82,"endTime":1250.88,"body":"on the East Coast. And, yeah, it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1244.82,"endTime":1250.88,"body":"is. It's enormous. It's about"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1250.94,"endTime":1255.83,"body":"the network, the system covers"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1250.94,"endTime":1255.83,"body":"about 7 million square"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1255.83,"endTime":1260.12,"body":"kilometers, which for"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1255.83,"endTime":1260.12,"body":"comparison, that's 10 times the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1260.12,"endTime":1265.22,"body":"size of France. It's enormous."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1260.12,"endTime":1265.22,"body":"It stretches from Colombia in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1265.22,"endTime":1269.0,"body":"the north Ecuador and Peru to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1265.22,"endTime":1269.0,"body":"the west and Bolivia and Central"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1269.0,"endTime":1273.86,"body":"Brazil in the south, more water"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1269.0,"endTime":1273.86,"body":"is discharged from the Amazon,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1274.07,"endTime":1279.71,"body":"then then the next seven largest"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1274.07,"endTime":1279.71,"body":"rivers combined. Well, it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1279.71,"endTime":1286.01,"body":"huge. So in satellite images, I"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1279.71,"endTime":1286.01,"body":"needed to zoom out to about 5000"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1286.01,"endTime":1289.49,"body":"kilometers above the surface of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1286.01,"endTime":1289.49,"body":"the Earth, according to Google,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1289.73,"endTime":1293.63,"body":"to get the entire subcontinent"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1289.73,"endTime":1293.63,"body":"wide base and on my laptop"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1293.63,"endTime":1298.49,"body":"screen. And at that height, not"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1293.63,"endTime":1298.49,"body":"many of the tributaries are"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1298.49,"endTime":1304.22,"body":"clear. It's a big, fairly round"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1298.49,"endTime":1304.22,"body":"patch that looks lush and really"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1304.22,"endTime":1309.41,"body":"dark green, perhaps the darkest,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1304.22,"endTime":1309.41,"body":"most thoroughly green patch on"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1309.41,"endTime":1313.19,"body":"all of Google Earth. But from"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1309.41,"endTime":1313.19,"body":"this height, only the main stems"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1313.19,"endTime":1317.69,"body":"are evident. In fact, they look"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1313.19,"endTime":1317.69,"body":"like very fine brown lines that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1317.69,"endTime":1320.69,"body":"are overlaid on the image, like"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1317.69,"endTime":1320.69,"body":"they look like border lines."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1321.02,"endTime":1324.17,"body":"It's only when you zoom in, and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1321.02,"endTime":1324.17,"body":"you see how squiggly those lines"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1324.17,"endTime":1327.14,"body":"are that you realize, oh, wait a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1324.17,"endTime":1327.14,"body":"minute, those are waterways,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1327.38,"endTime":1331.88,"body":"those are borderlines, those are"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1327.38,"endTime":1331.88,"body":"waterways, you need a diagram of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1331.88,"endTime":1336.8,"body":"the Amazon to really get a sense"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1331.88,"endTime":1336.8,"body":"of how many tributaries, how"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1336.8,"endTime":1340.73,"body":"many streams, how all of those"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1336.8,"endTime":1340.73,"body":"are feeding into this main"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1340.73,"endTime":1346.73,"body":"trunk, this main stem that cuts"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1340.73,"endTime":1346.73,"body":"more or less horizontally across"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1346.76,"endTime":1348.26,"body":"the top of the subcontinent?"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1349.67,"endTime":1353.51,"body":"No rivers do"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1349.67,"endTime":1353.51,"body":"things to the land and land does"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1353.51,"endTime":1357.59,"body":"things to the rivers? And is the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1353.51,"endTime":1357.59,"body":"Amazon a good example, to talk"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1357.59,"endTime":1360.35,"body":"about those kinds of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1357.59,"endTime":1360.35,"body":"interactions over, you know,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1360.35,"endTime":1361.4,"body":"lots of time?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1361.64,"endTime":1363.68,"body":"I mean, there's so many"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1361.64,"endTime":1363.68,"body":"different pathways that are"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1363.68,"endTime":1367.52,"body":"coming together. And if you've"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1363.68,"endTime":1367.52,"body":"got different kinds of different"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1367.52,"endTime":1371.69,"body":"kinds of land different kinds of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1367.52,"endTime":1371.69,"body":"material like rock or how soft"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1371.69,"endTime":1374.63,"body":"the rock is, or what's the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1371.69,"endTime":1374.63,"body":"vegetation that's already there,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1374.63,"endTime":1377.93,"body":"what's the climate, like, what's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1374.63,"endTime":1377.93,"body":"the elevation drop, all of those"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1377.93,"endTime":1382.58,"body":"things will change how a river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1377.93,"endTime":1382.58,"body":"interacts with the land, and how"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1382.58,"endTime":1386.45,"body":"the land forms the river and all"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1382.58,"endTime":1386.45,"body":"of that. So for the Amazon, so"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1386.45,"endTime":1389.78,"body":"I've got an image here of a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1386.45,"endTime":1389.78,"body":"sunset over what looks like a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1389.78,"endTime":1394.1,"body":"really wide Lake, there's just a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1389.78,"endTime":1394.1,"body":"hint of a tree line and the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1394.1,"endTime":1396.86,"body":"distance that are left and a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1394.1,"endTime":1396.86,"body":"hint of a tree line at a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1396.86,"endTime":1400.4,"body":"distance on a right. But at the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1396.86,"endTime":1400.4,"body":"center in the distance, it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1400.4,"endTime":1404.3,"body":"open, there is no tree line. And"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1400.4,"endTime":1404.3,"body":"that's the only hint that this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1404.3,"endTime":1409.4,"body":"is a river, not a giant lake,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1404.3,"endTime":1409.4,"body":"the water is not entirely hemmed"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1409.4,"endTime":1415.37,"body":"in. Otherwise, this is a big,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1409.4,"endTime":1415.37,"body":"wide, calm looking Lake. You"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1415.37,"endTime":1418.58,"body":"know, Lake body, and in fact,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1415.37,"endTime":1418.58,"body":"rivers do at some points, form"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1418.58,"endTime":1422.69,"body":"lakes, and then just keep going."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1418.58,"endTime":1422.69,"body":"And that's that's what the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1422.69,"endTime":1425.78,"body":"Amazon looks like. In this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1422.69,"endTime":1425.78,"body":"particular image. In another"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1425.78,"endTime":1430.34,"body":"photo, there are two very wide"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1425.78,"endTime":1430.34,"body":"rivers that enter the image at"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1430.34,"endTime":1433.91,"body":"our upper left, and they're just"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1430.34,"endTime":1433.91,"body":"separated by this point of land,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1433.91,"endTime":1436.52,"body":"we just get a little tiny point"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1433.91,"endTime":1436.52,"body":"of land up in the upper left."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1437.3,"endTime":1442.28,"body":"It's blanketed in like densely"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1437.3,"endTime":1442.28,"body":"packed, lush green trees. And so"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1442.31,"endTime":1446.12,"body":"there's a river on either side"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1442.31,"endTime":1446.12,"body":"of this point of water that come"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1446.12,"endTime":1450.47,"body":"together and they converge. And"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1446.12,"endTime":1450.47,"body":"they form a single river that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1450.47,"endTime":1454.43,"body":"moves through the image down"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1450.47,"endTime":1454.43,"body":"toward our lower right. So this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1454.43,"endTime":1459.8,"body":"is two rivers coming together to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1454.43,"endTime":1459.8,"body":"form an even larger river that's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1459.8,"endTime":1463.34,"body":"coming down. This larger"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1459.8,"endTime":1463.34,"body":"tributary is also lined with"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1463.34,"endTime":1469.49,"body":"thick, green rainforest. The"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1463.34,"endTime":1469.49,"body":"scale of this image is it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1469.49,"endTime":1473.15,"body":"massive, like it just looks like"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1469.49,"endTime":1473.15,"body":"this, you know, thick blanket of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1473.15,"endTime":1476.03,"body":"green trees. And only when you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1473.15,"endTime":1476.03,"body":"zoom in, can you actually see"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1476.03,"endTime":1479.96,"body":"one or two trunks and you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1476.03,"endTime":1479.96,"body":"realize, wow, if that's a trunk"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1479.96,"endTime":1483.35,"body":"of the tree that large, there's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1479.96,"endTime":1483.35,"body":"nothing human built in here. So"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1483.35,"endTime":1487.19,"body":"there's no way to to get the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1483.35,"endTime":1487.19,"body":"scale. It's only when you you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1487.19,"endTime":1490.61,"body":"see the the trunk of one of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1487.19,"endTime":1490.61,"body":"these trees when you zoom in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1490.61,"endTime":1494.9,"body":"that you realize that this is a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1490.61,"endTime":1494.9,"body":"massive scale. So then you can"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1494.93,"endTime":1498.32,"body":"move to something like the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1494.93,"endTime":1498.32,"body":"Colorado so the Colorado is in a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1498.32,"endTime":1502.19,"body":"completely different climate."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1498.32,"endTime":1502.19,"body":"I'm starting it is starting in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1502.19,"endTime":1505.7,"body":"mountains the same way that that"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1502.19,"endTime":1505.7,"body":"the Amazon is starting in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1505.7,"endTime":1508.07,"body":"mountains. But then it doesn't"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1505.7,"endTime":1508.07,"body":"go through rain forest, the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1508.07,"endTime":1512.39,"body":"Colorado goes through desert, it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1508.07,"endTime":1512.39,"body":"goes through very different"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1512.39,"endTime":1517.34,"body":"kinds of rock material. So the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1512.39,"endTime":1517.34,"body":"river looks quite different. So"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1517.34,"endTime":1521.63,"body":"the Colorado starts in the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1517.34,"endTime":1521.63,"body":"central Rocky Mountains in the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1521.63,"endTime":1526.1,"body":"state of Colorado, and then"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1521.63,"endTime":1526.1,"body":"flows southwest through you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1526.1,"endTime":1530.21,"body":"know, Canyon, specifically the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1526.1,"endTime":1530.21,"body":"Grand Canyon. The river doesn't"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1530.21,"endTime":1534.02,"body":"quite make it out of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1530.21,"endTime":1534.02,"body":"Colorado Delta anymore, it would"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1534.02,"endTime":1538.04,"body":"have emptied into the Gulf of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1534.02,"endTime":1538.04,"body":"California. But at this point,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1538.04,"endTime":1543.8,"body":"it's tapped dry with dams and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1538.04,"endTime":1543.8,"body":"irrigation and basic urban water"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1543.8,"endTime":1548.99,"body":"supply. So the Colorado delta is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1543.8,"endTime":1548.99,"body":"more or less dry at this point."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1550.07,"endTime":1553.13,"body":"And of course, one of the things"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1550.07,"endTime":1553.13,"body":"that's so very impressive about"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1553.13,"endTime":1557.0,"body":"the Colorado River is that it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1553.13,"endTime":1557.0,"body":"helped carve the Grand Canyon,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1557.18,"endTime":1560.9,"body":"so high in the mountains. That's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1557.18,"endTime":1560.9,"body":"where the headwaters are, it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1560.9,"endTime":1564.5,"body":"lush and green up there. I've"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1560.9,"endTime":1564.5,"body":"got an image here of a winding"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1564.5,"endTime":1569.06,"body":"river, the shores dotted with"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1564.5,"endTime":1569.06,"body":"evergreen trees, there are snow"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1569.06,"endTime":1572.51,"body":"capped mountains in the distance"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1569.06,"endTime":1572.51,"body":"very, you know, lovely, you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1572.51,"endTime":1576.62,"body":"know, typical mountain scene, it"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1572.51,"endTime":1576.62,"body":"starts to gain strength, the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1576.62,"endTime":1579.38,"body":"Colorado River starts to gain"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1576.62,"endTime":1579.38,"body":"gain strength from all of the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1579.38,"endTime":1582.35,"body":"tributaries, all of these"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1579.38,"endTime":1582.35,"body":"mountains with their, you know,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1582.35,"endTime":1585.74,"body":"their snow capped mountains, all"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1582.35,"endTime":1585.74,"body":"of that, that that snow was"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1585.74,"endTime":1589.7,"body":"melting, rushing down, the river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1585.74,"endTime":1589.7,"body":"starts to get pretty swift. And"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1589.7,"endTime":1592.76,"body":"that's when you get the classic"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1589.7,"endTime":1592.76,"body":"whitewater streams or rivers"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1592.76,"endTime":1597.35,"body":"right, churning water, rocky"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1592.76,"endTime":1597.35,"body":"shores. And then as the Colorado"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1597.35,"endTime":1601.7,"body":"moves south, the climate gets"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1597.35,"endTime":1601.7,"body":"drier, and the river starts to"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1601.7,"endTime":1607.01,"body":"encounter increasingly deep"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1601.7,"endTime":1607.01,"body":"gorges of bare rock. And this is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1607.01,"endTime":1610.88,"body":"when we start getting the canyon"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1607.01,"endTime":1610.88,"body":"landscapes that the area is very"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1610.88,"endTime":1615.86,"body":"well known for red rock cliffs"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1610.88,"endTime":1615.86,"body":"and gorges that are lined with"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1615.86,"endTime":1620.81,"body":"the striations of the ages, very"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1615.86,"endTime":1620.81,"body":"little vegetation, really just"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1620.84,"endTime":1626.39,"body":"rock wall valleys and this river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1620.84,"endTime":1626.39,"body":"winding along at the bottom."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1626.78,"endTime":1630.23,"body":"There's some"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1626.78,"endTime":1630.23,"body":"terms in river talk that I don't"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1630.44,"endTime":1633.23,"body":"understand. Can we talk about an"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1630.44,"endTime":1633.23,"body":"Oxbow?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1633.919,"endTime":1640.279,"body":"Okay, so an Oxbow river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1633.919,"endTime":1640.279,"body":"can become an oxbow lake. So you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1640.279,"endTime":1644.029,"body":"know, the rivers we'll find,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1640.279,"endTime":1644.029,"body":"we'll find their path, right?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1644.149,"endTime":1647.059,"body":"When they're when they're"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1644.149,"endTime":1647.059,"body":"rushing hard and they're high,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1647.659,"endTime":1650.509,"body":"their elevation drop is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1647.659,"endTime":1650.509,"body":"significant, they're going more"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1650.509,"endTime":1654.169,"body":"or less straight, when they're"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1650.509,"endTime":1654.169,"body":"slowing down. That's when you"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1654.199,"endTime":1658.429,"body":"often get this winding this"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1654.199,"endTime":1658.429,"body":"meander this back and forth,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1658.429,"endTime":1662.449,"body":"it's a very sin us kind of snake"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1658.429,"endTime":1662.449,"body":"like back and forth, back and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1662.449,"endTime":1666.469,"body":"forth. And one of the things"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1662.449,"endTime":1666.469,"body":"that that can do as it goes back"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1666.469,"endTime":1670.309,"body":"and forth, the back and forth"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1666.469,"endTime":1670.309,"body":"can get kind of loopy. So on"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1670.339,"endTime":1673.459,"body":"each time that you're going, if"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1670.339,"endTime":1673.459,"body":"you're basically making a figure"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1673.459,"endTime":1676.129,"body":"eight shape with your finger,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1673.459,"endTime":1676.129,"body":"like you point your finger, just"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1676.129,"endTime":1679.459,"body":"draw figure eight, it's kind of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1676.129,"endTime":1679.459,"body":"that kind of back and forth. But"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1679.459,"endTime":1682.339,"body":"you're then moving forward,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1679.459,"endTime":1682.339,"body":"you're still you're still"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1682.369,"endTime":1686.239,"body":"progressing. But those loops"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1682.369,"endTime":1686.239,"body":"each time you make a loop and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1686.239,"endTime":1690.409,"body":"then turn around and loop in the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1686.239,"endTime":1690.409,"body":"other direction, you create a U"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1690.409,"endTime":1695.059,"body":"shape. That is that's part of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1690.409,"endTime":1695.059,"body":"that meander. And if one of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1695.059,"endTime":1701.089,"body":"those, the back and forth, U"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1695.059,"endTime":1701.089,"body":"shape connects, it can it can,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1701.509,"endTime":1706.909,"body":"you know, basically form a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1701.509,"endTime":1706.909,"body":"freestanding body of water in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1706.909,"endTime":1710.419,"body":"one of those loops that can then"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1706.909,"endTime":1710.419,"body":"flood. So instead of just having"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1710.449,"endTime":1716.149,"body":"this river outline, it joins as"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1710.449,"endTime":1716.149,"body":"it as it kind of swoops back in."},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1716.539,"endTime":1721.009,"body":"And that area will either create"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1716.539,"endTime":1721.009,"body":"an island in the middle of a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1721.009,"endTime":1726.409,"body":"Round Lake, or the entire area"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1721.009,"endTime":1726.409,"body":"can flood. And then it's and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1726.409,"endTime":1730.219,"body":"then you've just got a round"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1726.409,"endTime":1730.219,"body":"pool that's at the side of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1730.219,"endTime":1733.189,"body":"another wise, you know,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1730.219,"endTime":1733.189,"body":"continuing to flow River."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1733.46,"endTime":1737.3,"body":"What does it mean to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1733.46,"endTime":1737.3,"body":"say a rapids?"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1737.57,"endTime":1740.538,"body":"So when you're up,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1737.57,"endTime":1740.538,"body":"usually higher in the river"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1740.602,"endTime":1744.28,"body":"network. So when your your"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1740.602,"endTime":1744.28,"body":"elevation drop is significant,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1744.344,"endTime":1748.087,"body":"the water is churning. That's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1744.344,"endTime":1748.087,"body":"that's a rapid, the water is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1748.151,"endTime":1752.023,"body":"rapidly moving through an area"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1748.151,"endTime":1752.023,"body":"and they tend to have lots of"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1752.087,"endTime":1756.023,"body":"rocks. So first of all, you've"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1752.087,"endTime":1756.023,"body":"got to have a channel that can"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1756.087,"endTime":1759.443,"body":"hold that kind of water"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1756.087,"endTime":1759.443,"body":"movement, it won't turn into"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1759.507,"endTime":1763.378,"body":"that kind of rapid. If you have"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1759.507,"endTime":1763.378,"body":"a sandy bottom, for example,"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1763.443,"endTime":1767.572,"body":"because it'll just wash all the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1763.443,"endTime":1767.572,"body":"way you generally need some kind"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1767.637,"endTime":1771.637,"body":"of harder material on the sides"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1767.637,"endTime":1771.637,"body":"of the bottom. Also, if you've"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1771.702,"endTime":1775.509,"body":"got rocks, bigger rocks on the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1771.702,"endTime":1775.509,"body":"on the sides and bottom, the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1775.573,"endTime":1779.509,"body":"water is going to churn in a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1775.573,"endTime":1779.509,"body":"certain way. It's not just going"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1779.574,"endTime":1783.187,"body":"to flow straight, like it's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1779.574,"endTime":1783.187,"body":"flowing down a pipe, there's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1783.251,"endTime":1786.994,"body":"more agitation, there's more"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1783.251,"endTime":1786.994,"body":"movement in the water. And so"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1787.058,"endTime":1790.93,"body":"then you get the water going"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1787.058,"endTime":1790.93,"body":"rapidly down down slope, you've"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1790.994,"endTime":1794.736,"body":"got the water hitting these"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1790.994,"endTime":1794.736,"body":"rocks and churning, and that's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1794.801,"endTime":1798.801,"body":"when you get like white caps and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1794.801,"endTime":1798.801,"body":"you get little whirlpools and"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1798.866,"endTime":1802.737,"body":"things so if you're white Got a"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1798.866,"endTime":1802.737,"body":"rafting or something, you're"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1802.802,"endTime":1806.996,"body":"looking for these kinds of areas"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1802.802,"endTime":1806.996,"body":"that are navigable. But you know"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1807.06,"endTime":1810.738,"body":"a little bit dicey because the"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1807.06,"endTime":1810.738,"body":"water is going fast, it is"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1810.802,"endTime":1814.932,"body":"churning, and there are rocks in"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1810.802,"endTime":1814.932,"body":"the way. So that's what, that's"},{"speaker":"JJ Hunt","startTime":1814.996,"endTime":1816.61,"body":"what a rapids looks like."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1820.37,"endTime":1823.91,"body":"On Saturday,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1820.37,"endTime":1823.91,"body":"August the 27th 2022, we'll be"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1823.91,"endTime":1828.74,"body":"posting our last episode of Talk"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1823.91,"endTime":1828.74,"body":"description to me. For now, the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1828.74,"endTime":1831.62,"body":"show was more popular than it's"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1828.74,"endTime":1831.62,"body":"ever been. And we're still"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1831.62,"endTime":1835.19,"body":"firmly committed to description"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1831.62,"endTime":1835.19,"body":"rich programming. But there's"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1835.19,"endTime":1837.77,"body":"been a tectonic shift in the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1835.19,"endTime":1837.77,"body":"financial position of the"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1837.77,"endTime":1841.94,"body":"podcast, so we're going on"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1837.77,"endTime":1841.94,"body":"hiatus to regroup and reimagine"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1841.94,"endTime":1845.09,"body":"our model. The world of"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1841.94,"endTime":1845.09,"body":"description is evolving fast,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1845.27,"endTime":1848.99,"body":"and funding models for creators"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1845.27,"endTime":1848.99,"body":"and innovators haven't kept up."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1849.5,"endTime":1852.77,"body":"We're currently exploring new"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1849.5,"endTime":1852.77,"body":"partnerships and envisioning new"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1852.77,"endTime":1855.62,"body":"platforms that will not only"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1852.77,"endTime":1855.62,"body":"allow us to keep creating"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1855.62,"endTime":1858.98,"body":"content, but will also provide"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1855.62,"endTime":1858.98,"body":"opportunities for other"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1858.98,"endTime":1863.09,"body":"innovative creators, describers"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1858.98,"endTime":1863.09,"body":"and allies to expand our"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1863.09,"endTime":1867.23,"body":"collective view of what can be"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1863.09,"endTime":1867.23,"body":"described and how we hope you'll"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1867.23,"endTime":1871.19,"body":"stay subscribe to our podcast"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1867.23,"endTime":1871.19,"body":"feed and our social media will"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1871.19,"endTime":1875.45,"body":"be quieter, but we'll still be"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1871.19,"endTime":1875.45,"body":"around. New episodes might pop"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1875.45,"endTime":1878.99,"body":"up now and again, as world"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1875.45,"endTime":1878.99,"body":"events unfold, and you can stay"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1878.99,"endTime":1881.78,"body":"in touch with our other"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1878.99,"endTime":1881.78,"body":"description related projects."},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1882.26,"endTime":1885.08,"body":"We'll be closing our Patreon"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1882.26,"endTime":1885.08,"body":"page for the time being"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1885.56,"endTime":1889.19,"body":"limitless gratitude to those who"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1885.56,"endTime":1889.19,"body":"stepped up to help support us,"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1889.43,"endTime":1893.24,"body":"either with funds or with"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1889.43,"endTime":1893.24,"body":"feedback. Stay tuned, there's"},{"speaker":"Christine Malec","startTime":1893.24,"endTime":1893.87,"body":"more to come"}]}