Published in fall 1934 in the Saturday Evening Post, "Her Last Case" is one of F. Scott Fitzgerald's most important stories about the South. Indeed, it challenges consensus opinions about the writer's regard for the region that the Tarleton stories of the 1920s set. Far from a pastoral evocation of antebellum gentility, the story insists the South must exorcise its lingering obsession with the Lost Cause---and it does so through a variety of Gothic strum und drang featuring the literal book that named the South's revisionary insistence that the Civil War was fought to preserve a code of chivalry, Edward A. Pollard's The Lost Cause: A New Southern History of the War of the Confederates (1868). The setting for the story is equally important: Fitzgerald was inspired by a visit to the Middleburg, Virginia, estate called Welbourne owned by Elizabeth Lemmon, who just happened to be the great romantic love of his editor Maxwell Perkins's life. Thomas Wolfe also visited Welbourne and wrote of it, too. We discuss "Her Last Case" and how it reframes our perceptions of Fitzgerald's Southern loyalties.