{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":4.5,"endTime":6.81,"body":"Welcome to"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":4.5,"endTime":6.81,"body":"the Marvell Essential Technology"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":6.81,"endTime":12.27,"body":"Podcast. I'm your host, Chris"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":6.81,"endTime":12.27,"body":"Banuelos. On today's episode,"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":12.3,"endTime":16.5,"body":"join me and Xi Wang, Vice"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":12.3,"endTime":16.5,"body":"President of Optical DSP,"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":16.71,"endTime":20.7,"body":"discussing the evolution of"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":16.71,"endTime":20.7,"body":"optical connectivity to 3.2T."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":21.12,"endTime":24.15,"body":"Join our conversation today and"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":21.12,"endTime":24.15,"body":"find out what is driving the"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":24.15,"endTime":27.9,"body":"evolution to 3.2 T. Why this"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":24.15,"endTime":27.9,"body":"transition is important for"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":27.9,"endTime":31.08,"body":"optical connectivity in the data"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":27.9,"endTime":31.08,"body":"center, what are some of the"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":31.08,"endTime":36.36,"body":"technologies required to enable"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":31.08,"endTime":36.36,"body":"1.6T to 3.2T, and what will be"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":36.36,"endTime":39.87,"body":"the lasting impact for data"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":36.36,"endTime":39.87,"body":"centers for future generations"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":39.9,"endTime":44.37,"body":"of optical connectivity. To stay"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":39.9,"endTime":44.37,"body":"up to date on future episodes,"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":44.52,"endTime":48.3,"body":"please be sure to subscribe to"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":44.52,"endTime":48.3,"body":"the Marvell Essential Technology"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":48.3,"endTime":49.08,"body":"Podcast."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":51.9,"endTime":55.86,"body":"Hey Xi, it's great to have you"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":51.9,"endTime":55.86,"body":"on today's episode. I'm really"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":55.86,"endTime":58.74,"body":"looking forward to our"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":55.86,"endTime":58.74,"body":"discussion today. Before we get"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":58.74,"endTime":62.31,"body":"started, I wanted to talk about"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":58.74,"endTime":62.31,"body":"a recent event you attended"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":62.52,"endTime":64.89,"body":"ECOC, How was your time at the"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":62.52,"endTime":64.89,"body":"show?"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":64.0,"endTime":69.16,"body":"It was great. Chris,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":64.0,"endTime":69.16,"body":"the EEOC is the European"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":69.16,"endTime":72.22,"body":"Conference Optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":69.16,"endTime":72.22,"body":"Communication. This conference"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":72.22,"endTime":78.31,"body":"has a long history. At Marvell,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":72.22,"endTime":78.31,"body":"we go to this conference on a"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":78.31,"endTime":82.21,"body":"yearly basis, it has been more"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":78.31,"endTime":82.21,"body":"than a decade tradition for us,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":82.27,"endTime":86.92,"body":"it's a great place for us to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":82.27,"endTime":86.92,"body":"meet with customers,  industry"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":86.92,"endTime":93.85,"body":"partners and vendors, and alike."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":86.92,"endTime":93.85,"body":"So it helps us to showcase our"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":93.85,"endTime":97.57,"body":"latest technology, as well as"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":93.85,"endTime":97.57,"body":"meeting the customer [to]"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":97.6,"endTime":101.44,"body":"understand their requirements"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":97.6,"endTime":101.44,"body":"and also the industry trends."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":101.53,"endTime":106.06,"body":"And what's more important is, it"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":101.53,"endTime":106.06,"body":"gives everybody a chance to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":106.06,"endTime":112.63,"body":"share their idea, right and then"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":106.06,"endTime":112.63,"body":"communicate and hopefully push"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":112.69,"endTime":117.58,"body":"the industry forward together at"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":112.69,"endTime":117.58,"body":"this show. So I was really"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":117.58,"endTime":121.42,"body":"excited to be a participant at"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":117.58,"endTime":121.42,"body":"the EEOC this year."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":121.6,"endTime":124.51,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":121.6,"endTime":124.51,"body":"And glad you had a great show."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":124.57,"endTime":128.08,"body":"Why don't we dive into our"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":124.57,"endTime":128.08,"body":"conversation today and what you"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":128.08,"endTime":131.83,"body":"touched on a moment ago about"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":128.08,"endTime":131.83,"body":"technology. And this being a big"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":131.86,"endTime":135.4,"body":"mind share event. One of my"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":131.86,"endTime":135.4,"body":"first questions is what is"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":135.4,"endTime":138.7,"body":"driving the evolution to 3.2T?"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":138.0,"endTime":282.42,"body":"And what you said a moment ago,"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":138.0,"endTime":282.42,"body":"that is a very interesting trend"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":138.69,"endTime":142.473,"body":"That is a great"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":138.69,"endTime":142.473,"body":"question, Chris. So the 3.2T"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":142.559,"endTime":147.891,"body":"what we are referring to is the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":142.559,"endTime":147.891,"body":"optical connectivity that goes"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":147.977,"endTime":153.308,"body":"into the data center. Today, the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":147.977,"endTime":153.308,"body":"mainstream application of the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":153.394,"endTime":158.21,"body":"optical connectivity is the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":153.394,"endTime":158.21,"body":"pluggble optical transceiver"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":158.296,"endTime":163.456,"body":"module. Today the state of the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":158.296,"endTime":163.456,"body":"art is at 800G per module and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":163.542,"endTime":168.701,"body":"that has been driven by the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":163.542,"endTime":168.701,"body":"rapid expansion of a data center"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":168.787,"endTime":174.033,"body":"business in our daily lives,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":168.787,"endTime":174.033,"body":"right. So the data centers start"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":174.119,"endTime":178.849,"body":"from just some regular compute"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":174.119,"endTime":178.849,"body":"that the customer do the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":178.935,"endTime":184.524,"body":"industry do in the cloud to more"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":178.935,"endTime":184.524,"body":"areas like even on this podcast,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":184.61,"endTime":189.942,"body":"when they broadcast that it's"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":184.61,"endTime":189.942,"body":"probably hosted somewhere inside"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":190.028,"endTime":194.757,"body":"a data center. So the data"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":190.028,"endTime":194.757,"body":"center is expanding and also"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":194.843,"endTime":199.659,"body":"there is a consolidation at the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":194.843,"endTime":199.659,"body":"data center in the cloud"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":199.745,"endTime":204.131,"body":"computing space. Because of"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":199.745,"endTime":204.131,"body":"that, the expansion and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":204.217,"endTime":209.462,"body":"evolution of the data center is"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":204.217,"endTime":209.462,"body":"faster and faster. When their"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":209.548,"endTime":214.88,"body":"demand increases the compute,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":209.548,"endTime":214.88,"body":"the amount of compute increases,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":214.966,"endTime":219.61,"body":"there will be more and more"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":214.966,"endTime":219.61,"body":"demand on the bandwidth to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":219.696,"endTime":224.425,"body":"connect all the computer nodes,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":219.696,"endTime":224.425,"body":"you need faster optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":224.511,"endTime":230.015,"body":"connectivity that is driving the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":224.511,"endTime":230.015,"body":"need from 800G to the next 1.6T"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":230.101,"endTime":235.089,"body":"module to the 3.2T module"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":230.101,"endTime":235.089,"body":"afterwards. And that cadence has"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":235.175,"endTime":240.42,"body":"been faster and faster. In old"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":235.175,"endTime":240.42,"body":"days, it usually takes four to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":240.506,"endTime":245.666,"body":"five years for each generation"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":240.506,"endTime":245.666,"body":"to evolve. Now is narrowed to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":245.752,"endTime":251.169,"body":"two to three years cadence and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":245.752,"endTime":251.169,"body":"the history right the history in"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":251.255,"endTime":255.297,"body":"that there is an optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":251.255,"endTime":255.297,"body":"connectivity evolution"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":255.383,"endTime":260.543,"body":"definitely showed that right"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":255.383,"endTime":260.543,"body":"from 10G to 40G to 100G to 400G"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":260.629,"endTime":265.874,"body":"a few years ago to 800G today"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":260.629,"endTime":265.874,"body":"and what we believe in the next"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":265.96,"endTime":271.378,"body":"three to four years, we will see"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":265.96,"endTime":271.378,"body":"1.6T being massively deployed."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":271.464,"endTime":276.71,"body":"And also with the arrival of a"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":271.464,"endTime":276.71,"body":"3.2T technology in the optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":276.796,"endTime":278.43,"body":"connectivity space."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":282.42,"endTime":286.08,"body":"you mentioned, the need for"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":282.42,"endTime":286.08,"body":"faster optical connectivity and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":286.08,"endTime":289.89,"body":"that the next generation"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":286.08,"endTime":289.89,"body":"transition could happen faster"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":289.92,"endTime":290.67,"body":"than we think."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":290.88,"endTime":294.84,"body":"Correct. If you look if you look"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":290.88,"endTime":294.84,"body":"back in the last decade, there"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":294.84,"endTime":300.66,"body":"has been five transitions inside"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":294.84,"endTime":300.66,"body":"the data center space rate from"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":300.66,"endTime":305.43,"body":"10G all the way to 800G and at"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":300.66,"endTime":305.43,"body":"Marvell we are proud to be the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":305.43,"endTime":309.99,"body":"main supplier, right, to enable"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":305.43,"endTime":309.99,"body":"all these transitions over the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":309.99,"endTime":315.06,"body":"last three, four generations."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":309.99,"endTime":315.06,"body":"And we see that by providing the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":315.06,"endTime":318.66,"body":"bandwidth by enabling the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":315.06,"endTime":318.66,"body":"bandwidth upgrade, we can"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":318.66,"endTime":323.31,"body":"massively change how the data"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":318.66,"endTime":323.31,"body":"center is being constructed,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":323.46,"endTime":329.58,"body":"being used and being deployed."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":323.46,"endTime":329.58,"body":"So we were very excited to be"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":329.58,"endTime":331.98,"body":"part of this ongoing evolution."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":332.19,"endTime":335.16,"body":"And why is"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":332.19,"endTime":335.16,"body":"this transition so important for"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":335.16,"endTime":338.19,"body":"optical connectivity? In the"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":335.16,"endTime":338.19,"body":"data center?"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":338.33,"endTime":342.5,"body":"Yeah, I think there's"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":338.33,"endTime":342.5,"body":"two aspects of that, right. So"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":342.59,"endTime":347.42,"body":"one thing is for the data center"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":342.59,"endTime":347.42,"body":"itself, right? When you look at"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":347.48,"endTime":352.31,"body":"connectivity, we all say, Okay,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":347.48,"endTime":352.31,"body":"it's a 40G, 100G to 400G, what"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":352.31,"endTime":355.94,"body":"does that mean right? So what I"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":352.31,"endTime":355.94,"body":"mean, there's not only the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":355.97,"endTime":359.69,"body":"optical connectivity, bandwidth"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":355.97,"endTime":359.69,"body":"increases, but also the switch"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":359.75,"endTime":364.19,"body":"ASICs, the switch systems, when"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":359.75,"endTime":364.19,"body":"all the bandwidth increases, you"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":364.19,"endTime":368.39,"body":"want to remain the same redex,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":364.19,"endTime":368.39,"body":"right. And also, to reuse the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":368.39,"endTime":372.47,"body":"same fiber topology, that"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":368.39,"endTime":372.47,"body":"network topology, you don't want"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":372.47,"endTime":377.3,"body":"to change those fiber plans that"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":372.47,"endTime":377.3,"body":"are already in place, you want"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":377.3,"endTime":381.89,"body":"to double the bandwidth together"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":377.3,"endTime":381.89,"body":"with a switch ASICs, and then"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":381.92,"endTime":387.2,"body":"that is what we do here is to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":381.92,"endTime":387.2,"body":"increase the bandwidth at the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":387.2,"endTime":391.94,"body":"switch level, as well as at the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":387.2,"endTime":391.94,"body":"optical connectivity level. And"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":391.94,"endTime":395.96,"body":"then that will be the minimum"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":391.94,"endTime":395.96,"body":"impact or a minimum changes that"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":395.96,"endTime":399.83,"body":"is required on the topology"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":395.96,"endTime":399.83,"body":"side. So in the past a few"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":399.83,"endTime":403.67,"body":"generations, right, so we were"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":399.83,"endTime":403.67,"body":"able to maintain the same"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":403.82,"endTime":407.81,"body":"topology at the network level,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":403.82,"endTime":407.81,"body":"and then keep the redex. Same,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":407.99,"endTime":413.09,"body":"this is why it's so important"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":407.99,"endTime":413.09,"body":"for this transition to be moving"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":413.09,"endTime":417.47,"body":"forward at the same rate, or"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":413.09,"endTime":417.47,"body":"even faster rate as before. So"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":417.47,"endTime":421.55,"body":"that is the  importance for the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":417.47,"endTime":421.55,"body":"data center itself. And also the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":421.58,"endTime":425.9,"body":"importance is for the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":421.58,"endTime":425.9,"body":"connectivity, right? The optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":425.9,"endTime":429.59,"body":"transceiver module, if you look"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":425.9,"endTime":429.59,"body":"at it as is slightly bigger than"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":430.4,"endTime":434.78,"body":"a finger, right, and then for"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":430.4,"endTime":434.78,"body":"that space, you need to pack in"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":434.84,"endTime":439.16,"body":"today 800G of bandwidth."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":434.84,"endTime":439.16,"body":"Typically, inside the optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":439.16,"endTime":443.18,"body":"transceiver module, you have the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":439.16,"endTime":443.18,"body":"DSP, the driver and the TIA"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":443.18,"endTime":447.74,"body":"components, and also the optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":443.18,"endTime":447.74,"body":"components, there's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":448.19,"endTime":451.85,"body":"electronics and optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":448.19,"endTime":451.85,"body":"components to put in, when we"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":452.18,"endTime":456.35,"body":"upgrade the network, when we"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":452.18,"endTime":456.35,"body":"upgrade bandwidth over the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":456.35,"endTime":460.73,"body":"switch box, the physical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":456.35,"endTime":460.73,"body":"dimension of the module doesn't"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":460.73,"endTime":464.48,"body":"change the physical dimension of"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":460.73,"endTime":464.48,"body":"the box doesn't change, you need"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":464.48,"endTime":469.97,"body":"to pack in more and more"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":464.48,"endTime":469.97,"body":"bandwidth with the same number"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":469.97,"endTime":474.5,"body":"of counts of components. So that"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":469.97,"endTime":474.5,"body":"is why they call we need to go"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":474.5,"endTime":480.32,"body":"faster, but now go wider. Maybe"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":474.5,"endTime":480.32,"body":"or need to go faster, right, you"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":480.32,"endTime":486.29,"body":"need to increase the  baud rate"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":480.32,"endTime":486.29,"body":"of the components, the analog"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":486.77,"endTime":492.44,"body":"bandwidth of the CMOS"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":486.77,"endTime":492.44,"body":"components, the driver NTI"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":492.44,"endTime":496.34,"body":"components and optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":492.44,"endTime":496.34,"body":"components, there will be a lot"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":496.34,"endTime":501.95,"body":"of technology breakthrough that"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":496.34,"endTime":501.95,"body":"is needed to change the baud"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":501.95,"endTime":507.41,"body":"rate, change the speed of the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":501.95,"endTime":507.41,"body":"component. Not only that, we"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":507.41,"endTime":512.21,"body":"need newer modulation format"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":507.41,"endTime":512.21,"body":"that will enable all these"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":512.21,"endTime":517.04,"body":"transmissions that will be"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":512.21,"endTime":517.04,"body":"another technology breakthrough,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":517.82,"endTime":522.08,"body":"in addition to the raw bandwidth"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":517.82,"endTime":522.08,"body":"increases for those technology"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":522.08,"endTime":528.02,"body":"breakthrough will play a long"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":522.08,"endTime":528.02,"body":"term role to increase the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":528.05,"endTime":532.49,"body":"bandwidth not only not only in"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":528.05,"endTime":532.49,"body":"the optical domain, but also in"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":532.49,"endTime":538.43,"body":"your electronics to the switch"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":532.49,"endTime":538.43,"body":"as access to the server side. So"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":538.52,"endTime":544.22,"body":"that benefit is really important"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":538.52,"endTime":544.22,"body":"for the optical connectivity to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":544.22,"endTime":550.91,"body":"go beyond these network"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":544.22,"endTime":550.91,"body":"architectures, to go beyond that"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":550.94,"endTime":554.78,"body":"connectivity, but it also goes"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":550.94,"endTime":554.78,"body":"into the compute. Those are the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":554.78,"endTime":559.19,"body":"two things I see why this is so"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":554.78,"endTime":559.19,"body":"important for us to continue"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":559.19,"endTime":562.01,"body":"this evolution of the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":559.19,"endTime":562.01,"body":"connectivity."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":562.22,"endTime":564.83,"body":"Xi what"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":562.22,"endTime":564.83,"body":"are the technologies required to"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":564.83,"endTime":571.31,"body":"enable 1.6T and 3.2 T? What's"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":564.83,"endTime":571.31,"body":"the status? Is it ready? And"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":571.34,"endTime":574.19,"body":"what is needed to get to these"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":571.34,"endTime":574.19,"body":"higher speeds?"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":574.42,"endTime":577.27,"body":"That's a great"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":574.42,"endTime":577.27,"body":"question, so at the ECOC this"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":577.27,"endTime":582.43,"body":"year, I gave a presentation at"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":577.27,"endTime":582.43,"body":"the market our focus forum. So"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":582.43,"endTime":589.18,"body":"that is actually the main topic"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":582.43,"endTime":589.18,"body":"of my talk. Again, if you look"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":589.18,"endTime":592.81,"body":"at the optical transceiver"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":589.18,"endTime":592.81,"body":"module as I mentioned earlier,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":592.9,"endTime":597.49,"body":"there are the CMOS components,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":592.9,"endTime":597.49,"body":"the driver and ti components and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":597.49,"endTime":603.79,"body":"optics. So historically The"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":597.49,"endTime":603.79,"body":"bandwidth between the amount of"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":603.79,"endTime":609.07,"body":"these components are similar at"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":603.79,"endTime":609.07,"body":"800G which we use as a benchmark"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":609.07,"endTime":613.72,"body":"for the industry, the same as"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":609.07,"endTime":613.72,"body":"front end is about 30 gigahertz"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":613.75,"endTime":619.21,"body":"bandwidth, the driver TIA is the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":613.75,"endTime":619.21,"body":"same, the optics also around 30"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":619.21,"endTime":623.5,"body":"gigahertz bandwidth. So, you"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":619.21,"endTime":623.5,"body":"just need to match these"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":623.53,"endTime":626.53,"body":"components together and then"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":623.53,"endTime":626.53,"body":"bring them together and to build"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":626.53,"endTime":631.24,"body":"the module. Moving towards to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":626.53,"endTime":631.24,"body":"the 1.6T right. So, we see"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":631.24,"endTime":636.76,"body":"advancement in optical domain"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":631.24,"endTime":636.76,"body":"with the arrival and the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":636.76,"endTime":640.96,"body":"maturity of silicon photonics"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":636.76,"endTime":640.96,"body":"technology on the optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":640.96,"endTime":646.57,"body":"transmitter side, we have made"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":640.96,"endTime":646.57,"body":"progress on the bandwidth for"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":646.57,"endTime":651.91,"body":"the optics from 30 gigahertz to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":646.57,"endTime":651.91,"body":"about 55 to 60 gigahertz."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":652.15,"endTime":657.7,"body":"Similarly, for the driver and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":652.15,"endTime":657.7,"body":"the TI components with the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":657.7,"endTime":662.5,"body":"breakthrough in compound"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":657.7,"endTime":662.5,"body":"semiconductor technology, we are"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":662.53,"endTime":667.27,"body":"also able to increase the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":662.53,"endTime":667.27,"body":"bandwidth to 60 gigahertz so,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":667.27,"endTime":671.29,"body":"those technologies are ready."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":667.27,"endTime":671.29,"body":"And on the CMOS side will may"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":671.29,"endTime":677.32,"body":"shrink the technology no the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":671.29,"endTime":677.32,"body":"from 7nm to 5nm and also there"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":677.32,"endTime":682.06,"body":"is a benefit to increase the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":677.32,"endTime":682.06,"body":"CMOS front end bandwidth as"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":682.06,"endTime":687.4,"body":"well. So that technology is also"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":682.06,"endTime":687.4,"body":"available. So today, if you look"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":687.43,"endTime":691.54,"body":"at the whole chain right we have"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":687.43,"endTime":691.54,"body":"the CMOS technology, the driver"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":691.54,"endTime":697.36,"body":"and a TI technology an optics"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":691.54,"endTime":697.36,"body":"technology or 60 gigahertz to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":697.36,"endTime":703.21,"body":"enable the 1.6T optical module."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":697.36,"endTime":703.21,"body":"So  all the fundamental"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":703.21,"endTime":710.08,"body":"technology is mature and is up"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":703.21,"endTime":710.08,"body":"to the ecosystem to bring this"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":710.08,"endTime":716.56,"body":"technology into the actual"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":710.08,"endTime":716.56,"body":"device to to make month 16T a"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":716.56,"endTime":717.19,"body":"reality."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":717.0,"endTime":720.45,"body":"Could we"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":717.0,"endTime":720.45,"body":"dive deeper into 3.2T?"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":720.87,"endTime":725.94,"body":"Well, there [are]"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":720.87,"endTime":725.94,"body":"challenges, right? Because what"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":725.94,"endTime":731.34,"body":"we see is additional"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":725.94,"endTime":731.34,"body":"breakthrough is being made to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":731.34,"endTime":736.44,"body":"make the optical component have"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":731.34,"endTime":736.44,"body":"higher bandwidth, they can"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":736.44,"endTime":741.81,"body":"increase the bandwidth from 60"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":736.44,"endTime":741.81,"body":"gigahertz to 80 gigahertz on the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":741.84,"endTime":747.12,"body":"optical side. On the driver and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":741.84,"endTime":747.12,"body":"TIA side, similar advancements"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":747.27,"endTime":752.85,"body":"[are] being made. However, the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":747.27,"endTime":752.85,"body":"bandwidth and on the same as"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":752.85,"endTime":757.53,"body":"front end is unlimited. They"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":752.85,"endTime":757.53,"body":"need to have the new ideas, we"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":757.53,"endTime":763.11,"body":"need to introduce more advanced"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":757.53,"endTime":763.11,"body":"modulation technology in"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":763.11,"endTime":768.81,"body":"addition to the baud rate"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":763.11,"endTime":768.81,"body":"increase to make 3.2T happen. So"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":768.81,"endTime":773.4,"body":"again, for the 3.2T generation,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":768.81,"endTime":773.4,"body":"even though the fundamental"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":773.4,"endTime":777.69,"body":"technology is available, but we"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":773.4,"endTime":777.69,"body":"need to put the more processing"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":777.69,"endTime":783.48,"body":"power into the CMOS space, into"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":777.69,"endTime":783.48,"body":"a DSP space to allow a higher"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":783.48,"endTime":788.1,"body":"modulation format. To enable"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":783.48,"endTime":788.1,"body":"this yet another two arcs of a"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":788.1,"endTime":789.15,"body":"bandwidth increase"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":789.21,"endTime":792.0,"body":"Xi what"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":789.21,"endTime":792.0,"body":"will be the lasting impact for"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":792.0,"endTime":795.33,"body":"data centers for future"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":792.0,"endTime":795.33,"body":"generations of optical"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":795.33,"endTime":796.11,"body":"connectivity?"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":796.24,"endTime":800.14,"body":"So the lasting impact"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":796.24,"endTime":800.14,"body":"for data centers with the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":800.14,"endTime":805.09,"body":"optical connectivity technology,"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":800.14,"endTime":805.09,"body":"I would say we are building the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":805.09,"endTime":809.8,"body":"foundation for the future, right"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":805.09,"endTime":809.8,"body":"here, right now. The technology"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":809.8,"endTime":814.63,"body":"breakthrough that we bring to"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":809.8,"endTime":814.63,"body":"the table to enable 1.6T and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":814.63,"endTime":820.0,"body":"3.2T paves the way for higher"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":814.63,"endTime":820.0,"body":"bandwidth components across the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":820.0,"endTime":825.61,"body":"board, those components can be"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":820.0,"endTime":825.61,"body":"redesigned and reused to not"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":825.61,"endTime":829.48,"body":"only connect the data center"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":825.61,"endTime":829.48,"body":"together, but all the compute"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":829.51,"endTime":833.23,"body":"nodes. One trend and we are"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":829.51,"endTime":833.23,"body":"seeing is that AI, the"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":833.83,"endTime":837.76,"body":"artificial intelligence and"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":833.83,"endTime":837.76,"body":"machine learning (ML) play a"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":837.76,"endTime":841.9,"body":"bigger and bigger role in our"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":837.76,"endTime":841.9,"body":"daily lives. The connectivity"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":841.9,"endTime":847.9,"body":"between AI and ML today is based"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":841.9,"endTime":847.9,"body":"on copper connectivity, but they"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":847.9,"endTime":852.01,"body":"are on the transition to more"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":847.9,"endTime":852.01,"body":"and more optical. That's just"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":852.01,"endTime":856.03,"body":"one example the optical"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":852.01,"endTime":856.03,"body":"connectivity can also [be] in"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":856.15,"endTime":860.83,"body":"your cars, your homes. We are"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":856.15,"endTime":860.83,"body":"very excited that this"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":860.86,"endTime":866.83,"body":"foundational technology we are"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":860.86,"endTime":866.83,"body":"building can expand to our daily"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":866.98,"endTime":869.44,"body":"lives [within] the next decade"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":866.98,"endTime":869.44,"body":"or so."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":869.65,"endTime":871.42,"body":"Xi thank"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":869.65,"endTime":871.42,"body":"you for joining the podcast"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":871.42,"endTime":873.52,"body":"today. Looking forward to"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":871.42,"endTime":873.52,"body":"continue our discussion in the"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":873.52,"endTime":876.25,"body":"future and really excited for"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":873.52,"endTime":876.25,"body":"you and your team."},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":876.34,"endTime":879.64,"body":"Thank you, Chris. Our"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":876.34,"endTime":879.64,"body":"team is excited to work on this"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":879.64,"endTime":883.54,"body":"technology really looking"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":879.64,"endTime":883.54,"body":"forward to what is next. Thank"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":883.54,"endTime":885.82,"body":"you for having me on today's"},{"speaker":"Xi Wang","startTime":883.54,"endTime":885.82,"body":"episode."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":887.32,"endTime":888.85,"body":"Thank you"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":887.32,"endTime":888.85,"body":"for listening to the Marvell"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":888.91,"endTime":892.03,"body":"essential Technology Podcast. As"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":888.91,"endTime":892.03,"body":"always, please feel free to"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":892.03,"endTime":894.85,"body":"visit our website to learn more."},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":892.03,"endTime":894.85,"body":"And we'll see you on the next"},{"speaker":"Christopher Banuelos","startTime":894.85,"endTime":895.42,"body":"episode."}]}