{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":9.18,"endTime":12.84,"body":"Hello welcome to Built"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":9.18,"endTime":12.84,"body":"Environment Matters a monthly podcast"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":12.84,"endTime":17.07,"body":"brought to you by Bryden Wood an"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":12.84,"endTime":17.07,"body":"international company of technologists"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":17.07,"endTime":20.91,"body":"designers architects engineers and"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":17.07,"endTime":20.91,"body":"analysts working for a better built"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":20.91,"endTime":26.19,"body":"environment Bryden Wood Believe in"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":20.91,"endTime":26.19,"body":"Design to Value to cut carbon, drive"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":26.195,"endTime":31.205,"body":"efficiency, save time, make beautiful"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":26.195,"endTime":31.205,"body":"places, and build a better future."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":33.695,"endTime":35.604,"body":"Hi all and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":33.695,"endTime":35.604,"body":"thanks for joining us on this"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":35.609,"endTime":38.815,"body":"episode of Built Environment"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":35.609,"endTime":38.815,"body":"Matters, the Bryden Wood podcast."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":39.254,"endTime":42.66,"body":"I'm your host, Adrian LaPorta,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":39.254,"endTime":42.66,"body":"Technical Director here at Bryden Wood."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":43.411,"endTime":47.711,"body":"Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":43.411,"endTime":47.711,"body":"Ingredients, or APIs, continue"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":47.711,"endTime":50.591,"body":"to be the mainstay of the most"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":47.711,"endTime":50.591,"body":"important medicines in the world."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":51.161,"endTime":54.501,"body":"They make up most of the World Health"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":51.161,"endTime":54.501,"body":"Organisation's essential medicines,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":54.881,"endTime":58.701,"body":"and between 2010 and 2020 accounted"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":54.881,"endTime":58.701,"body":"for three quarters of new products."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":59.061,"endTime":62.341,"body":"Small Molecule's research and development"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":59.061,"endTime":62.341,"body":"has been revolutionised by new"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":62.341,"endTime":64.401,"body":"technologies and cutting edge science."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":64.961,"endTime":69.601,"body":"This R\u0026D generates more new"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":64.961,"endTime":69.601,"body":"molecules, more complex, more potent,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":69.831,"endTime":71.401,"body":"more targeted than ever before."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":71.971,"endTime":75.211,"body":"But can the manufacturing networks"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":71.971,"endTime":75.211,"body":"for these molecules meet the challenge"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":75.491,"endTime":79.621,"body":"of making higher volumes, more"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":75.491,"endTime":79.621,"body":"complex products for more patients,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":79.991,"endTime":84.491,"body":"ever faster, at lower cost, whilst"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":79.991,"endTime":84.491,"body":"eliminating their environmental harms?"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":85.531,"endTime":89.181,"body":"The factories that make these molecules"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":85.531,"endTime":89.181,"body":"haven't changed fundamentally in decades."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":89.711,"endTime":92.651,"body":"They've successfully produced"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":89.711,"endTime":92.651,"body":"APIs using batch chemistry"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":93.371,"endTime":94.691,"body":"because of their flexibility."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":95.251,"endTime":97.701,"body":"Increasingly, they"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":95.251,"endTime":97.701,"body":"aren't meeting our needs."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":98.211,"endTime":101.041,"body":"Scaling up from the lab to"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":98.211,"endTime":101.041,"body":"the thousands of litres scale"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":101.341,"endTime":103.331,"body":"is time consuming and risky."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":103.631,"endTime":107.611,"body":"The processes use and waste large"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":103.631,"endTime":107.611,"body":"volumes of hazardous chemicals."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":108.671,"endTime":112.351,"body":"Large inventories of these chemicals,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":108.671,"endTime":112.351,"body":"whilst well managed, are hazardous."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":113.071,"endTime":118.261,"body":"Each molecule needs many synthesis stages,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":113.071,"endTime":118.261,"body":"and newer molecules need even more."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":118.841,"endTime":122.651,"body":"This means that the lead time from"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":118.841,"endTime":122.651,"body":"starting the first stage to having"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":122.651,"endTime":124.281,"body":"usable products can be months."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":124.601,"endTime":128.001,"body":"with working capital locked up"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":124.601,"endTime":128.001,"body":"in inventory in the meantime."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":128.551,"endTime":132.081,"body":"Scientific and engineering advances"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":128.551,"endTime":132.081,"body":"can provide a new paradigm for"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":132.081,"endTime":136.811,"body":"small molecule drug manufacturing,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":132.081,"endTime":136.811,"body":"if we discard preconceived ideas."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":137.681,"endTime":142.031,"body":"Process intensification, combined"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":137.681,"endTime":142.031,"body":"with process automation, enables"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":142.031,"endTime":146.211,"body":"small scale, modular manufacturing"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":142.031,"endTime":146.211,"body":"systems, which can deliver the lean"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":146.391,"endTime":150.221,"body":"and agile manufacturing that the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":146.391,"endTime":150.221,"body":"industry has been pursuing for decades."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":151.591,"endTime":155.631,"body":"Continuous processing is a key"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":151.591,"endTime":155.631,"body":"intensification strategy, enabling"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":155.641,"endTime":159.111,"body":"better chemistry, reducing"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":155.641,"endTime":159.111,"body":"waste and improving quality."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":159.721,"endTime":163.511,"body":"Whilst powerful and to be embraced,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":159.721,"endTime":163.511,"body":"continuous processing is not"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":163.521,"endTime":165.181,"body":"the only intensification method."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":165.391,"endTime":169.081,"body":"Many well established technologies"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":165.391,"endTime":169.081,"body":"from other chemical processing"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":169.081,"endTime":173.391,"body":"sectors are available, alongside"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":169.081,"endTime":173.391,"body":"new equipment and especially"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":173.391,"endTime":175.611,"body":"control and analytical technologies."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":176.521,"endTime":180.191,"body":"Many have been used in pharmaceuticals"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":176.521,"endTime":180.191,"body":"already, but not widely."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":181.311,"endTime":183.981,"body":"The management of process"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":181.311,"endTime":183.981,"body":"hazards drives cost."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":184.351,"endTime":188.341,"body":"Control of the internal environment"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":184.351,"endTime":188.341,"body":"for safety and quality increases"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":188.341,"endTime":191.321,"body":"the volume of the facilities"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":188.341,"endTime":191.321,"body":"far beyond that of the process."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":192.071,"endTime":196.761,"body":"Complicated piping intertwined"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":192.071,"endTime":196.761,"body":"with robust multi level buildings"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":197.051,"endTime":198.901,"body":"is expensive to design and build."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":199.231,"endTime":202.471,"body":"The fluid volume of the process"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":199.231,"endTime":202.471,"body":"becomes a small fraction of the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":202.471,"endTime":207.211,"body":"volume of the edifice it sits in and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":202.471,"endTime":207.211,"body":"process equipment cost becomes a small"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":207.211,"endTime":209.211,"body":"proportion of the overall capital cost."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":210.236,"endTime":214.176,"body":"The multipurpose concept is"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":210.236,"endTime":214.176,"body":"predicated on manual operations."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":214.676,"endTime":219.176,"body":"Although plants use sophisticated control"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":214.676,"endTime":219.176,"body":"systems, they rely on people loading"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":219.176,"endTime":221.306,"body":"solids to start and end every batch."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":221.746,"endTime":226.916,"body":"So, fewer larger batches means less"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":221.746,"endTime":226.916,"body":"labour, and so operations will tend to"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":226.916,"endTime":228.936,"body":"make batch sizes as large as possible."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":228.936,"endTime":233.168,"body":"Some products might only need"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":228.936,"endTime":233.168,"body":"a handful of batches a year, so"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":233.168,"endTime":234.226,"body":"equipment becomes underutilised."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":234.836,"endTime":238.556,"body":"The operator can now use it for another"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":234.836,"endTime":238.556,"body":"product, but there are two problems here."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":238.956,"endTime":242.176,"body":"The plant is now not optimised"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":238.956,"endTime":242.176,"body":"for either product, a jack of"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":242.176,"endTime":243.616,"body":"all trades and master of none."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":244.256,"endTime":248.726,"body":"Secondly, the plant must be reconfigured,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":244.256,"endTime":248.726,"body":"cleaned, and proven to be clean."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":249.226,"endTime":252.466,"body":"Increasingly stringent and quite"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":249.226,"endTime":252.466,"body":"reasonable safeguards against"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":252.496,"endTime":255.476,"body":"carrying over one product to"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":252.496,"endTime":255.476,"body":"another mean that changeover"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":255.476,"endTime":257.906,"body":"requires dismantling and inspection."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":258.336,"endTime":261.376,"body":"Changeovers can eat up 40"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":258.336,"endTime":261.376,"body":"percent of plant capacity."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":262.391,"endTime":266.851,"body":"The supposed flexibility of multipurpose"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":262.391,"endTime":266.851,"body":"plant is rarely realised in practice."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":267.231,"endTime":270.901,"body":"Switching between products being"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":267.231,"endTime":270.901,"body":"a job for fitters and a shutdown"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":270.911,"endTime":272.521,"body":"rather than the flick of a switch."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":272.891,"endTime":276.571,"body":"Multipurpose plant also fails to be"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":272.891,"endTime":276.571,"body":"optimised for any unit operation."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":277.151,"endTime":279.761,"body":"A batch vessel can be used"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":277.151,"endTime":279.761,"body":"for reaction, distillation,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":279.761,"endTime":282.236,"body":"extraction and crystallisation."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":282.716,"endTime":284.196,"body":"But it's not optimised for any of them."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":284.766,"endTime":287.756,"body":"There is a double whammy that now"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":284.766,"endTime":287.756,"body":"makes the vessels even bigger."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":288.176,"endTime":291.946,"body":"The lack of optimisation for each"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":288.176,"endTime":291.946,"body":"operation increases the time each"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":292.016,"endTime":296.216,"body":"takes, and using the same vessel"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":292.016,"endTime":296.216,"body":"for sequential operation increases"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":296.216,"endTime":298.016,"body":"the total time the vessel's used."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":298.656,"endTime":301.606,"body":"For a given output, this"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":298.656,"endTime":301.606,"body":"makes the vessel even bigger."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":302.056,"endTime":306.166,"body":"As it gets bigger, it becomes even less"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":302.056,"endTime":306.166,"body":"efficient as a relative heat transfer"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":306.166,"endTime":308.506,"body":"area and mixing intensity drops off."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":308.876,"endTime":313.966,"body":"This makes each operation longer again"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":308.876,"endTime":313.966,"body":"in a vicious cycle of dismal efficiency."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":314.346,"endTime":318.336,"body":"A lot of this goes unnoticed as the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":314.346,"endTime":318.336,"body":"industry has accepted it as the norm."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":319.471,"endTime":323.531,"body":"There are more vicious cycles in the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":319.471,"endTime":323.531,"body":"effect of equipment size on the factory."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":323.751,"endTime":328.411,"body":"Large vessels hold large quantities"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":323.751,"endTime":328.411,"body":"of solvents, increasing the intrinsic"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":328.421,"endTime":332.081,"body":"hazard, and the safeguards are"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":328.421,"endTime":332.081,"body":"needed to protect against these."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":332.821,"endTime":336.601,"body":"Large vessels require large"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":332.821,"endTime":336.601,"body":"utilities, chemical supply systems,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":336.781,"endTime":338.521,"body":"and large waste treatment systems."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":339.021,"endTime":342.011,"body":"They need large, bespoke"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":339.021,"endTime":342.011,"body":"industrial buildings."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":342.681,"endTime":347.541,"body":"Miniaturisation of batch processing,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":342.681,"endTime":347.541,"body":"integrated into a hybrid process"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":347.581,"endTime":352.101,"body":"and hybrid facilities, allows us to"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":347.581,"endTime":352.101,"body":"combine the advantages of continuous"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":352.391,"endTime":356.531,"body":"and intensified batch processing,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":352.391,"endTime":356.531,"body":"removing the scale, cost and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":356.541,"endTime":358.851,"body":"hazards of conventional facilities."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":359.361,"endTime":362.491,"body":"By matching the facility to the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":359.361,"endTime":362.491,"body":"needed run rate of the process,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":362.871,"endTime":365.901,"body":"and minimising campaigning, we"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":362.871,"endTime":365.901,"body":"can shrink our batch vessels."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":366.301,"endTime":368.701,"body":"Automation is the crucial enabler."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":369.521,"endTime":371.951,"body":"Automation breaks the link"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":369.521,"endTime":371.951,"body":"between the number of batches."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":375.266,"endTime":377.216,"body":"There's great interest in"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":375.266,"endTime":377.216,"body":"smart factories and Pharma 4."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":377.216,"endTime":383.526,"body":"0, but if we just automate outmoded"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":377.216,"endTime":383.526,"body":"processes designed around manual labour,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":383.846,"endTime":385.466,"body":"we'll miss the greatest benefits."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":386.206,"endTime":389.946,"body":"Miniaturisation allows us to reduce"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":386.206,"endTime":389.946,"body":"scale up between clinical trials"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":390.156,"endTime":393.906,"body":"and commercial manufacturing,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":390.156,"endTime":393.906,"body":"reducing time to market and risk."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":394.356,"endTime":397.636,"body":"Highly potent and targeted products"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":394.356,"endTime":397.636,"body":"could use the same equipment for"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":397.636,"endTime":401.106,"body":"development, clinical manufacturing"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":397.636,"endTime":401.106,"body":"and commercial production."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":401.846,"endTime":405.946,"body":"As batch processes get smaller and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":401.846,"endTime":405.946,"body":"faster, they confer the benefits of flow"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":406.066,"endTime":410.736,"body":"chemistry, including a steadier, more"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":406.066,"endTime":410.736,"body":"consistent set of processes and data."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":411.476,"endTime":414.786,"body":"Miniatusization also opens the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":411.476,"endTime":414.786,"body":"door to distributed production."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":415.356,"endTime":418.946,"body":"API supply is super globalised,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":415.356,"endTime":418.946,"body":"with many APIs only made in"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":418.946,"endTime":420.576,"body":"one or two plants worldwide."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":421.256,"endTime":425.346,"body":"Distributed, responsive production"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":421.256,"endTime":425.346,"body":"is more resilient and can help"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":425.346,"endTime":427.066,"body":"address medicine supply issues."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":428.031,"endTime":431.281,"body":"Miniaturisation is more powerful"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":428.031,"endTime":431.281,"body":"when coupled with systemisation."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":431.811,"endTime":436.761,"body":"Standardising reactors, filters and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":431.811,"endTime":436.761,"body":"dryers simplifies technology transfer and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":436.761,"endTime":441.041,"body":"allows us to reuse the same physical skid"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":436.761,"endTime":441.041,"body":"mounted units from process to process."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":441.501,"endTime":445.561,"body":"They can be factory built and maintained"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":441.501,"endTime":445.561,"body":"and moved from place to place."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":446.801,"endTime":449.821,"body":"Restricting vessel sizes"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":446.801,"endTime":449.821,"body":"transforms design and construction."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":450.171,"endTime":452.721,"body":"Small equipment is safer"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":450.171,"endTime":452.721,"body":"and easier to move."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":453.091,"endTime":456.901,"body":"When pipes become small, their design and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":453.091,"endTime":456.901,"body":"fabrication are much easier and cheaper."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":457.351,"endTime":459.491,"body":"Whole process trains"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":457.351,"endTime":459.491,"body":"can be built off site."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":460.261,"endTime":464.061,"body":"As the high value process systems"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":460.261,"endTime":464.061,"body":"shrink, they can be decoupled from"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":464.061,"endTime":467.401,"body":"the buildings, greatly reducing"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":464.061,"endTime":467.401,"body":"their complexity and cost."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":467.791,"endTime":472.891,"body":"Utility loads shrink, and utilities can be"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":467.791,"endTime":472.891,"body":"supplied by off the shelf modular systems."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":473.636,"endTime":475.346,"body":"When we go small, we can go flat."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":475.686,"endTime":479.166,"body":"We can move to a single level"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":475.686,"endTime":479.166,"body":"operation and single level buildings,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":479.166,"endTime":483.126,"body":"easing operations, maintenance and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":479.166,"endTime":483.126,"body":"construction, and better enabling"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":483.126,"endTime":485.086,"body":"the use of automated guided vehicles."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":486.746,"endTime":488.396,"body":"There are challenges of course."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":488.926,"endTime":493.186,"body":"All of our systems, facilities,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":488.926,"endTime":493.186,"body":"organisations and regulations"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":493.186,"endTime":495.476,"body":"have been built on the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":493.186,"endTime":495.476,"body":"assumptions of batch processing."},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":496.551,"endTime":499.611,"body":"But the need for affordable,"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":496.551,"endTime":499.611,"body":"sustainable medicines is so great"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":500.271,"endTime":503.701,"body":"and the advantages of integrating the"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":500.271,"endTime":503.701,"body":"best of chemical manufacturing and"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":503.701,"endTime":508.151,"body":"automation technologies are so compelling"},{"speaker":"Adrian LaPorta","startTime":503.701,"endTime":508.151,"body":"that we simply must take them on."},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":511.145,"endTime":514.505,"body":"Thank you for listening to"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":511.145,"endTime":514.505,"body":"Built Environment Matters, a podcast"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":514.505,"endTime":515.825,"body":"brought to you by Bryden Wood."},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":516.485,"endTime":519.995,"body":"Listen and subscribe wherever you get"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":516.485,"endTime":519.995,"body":"your favorite podcast, and you can follow"},{"speaker":"Intro","startTime":519.995,"endTime":521.585,"body":"Bryden Wood on LinkedIn and Twitter."}]}