{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":0.05,"endTime":3.434,"body":"He ended up with an"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":0.05,"endTime":3.434,"body":"electric tractor, which can run"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":3.555,"endTime":6.315,"body":"day and night cause it's not very"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":3.555,"endTime":6.315,"body":"loud, which is a really good thing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":6.495,"endTime":10.965,"body":"But there you now have to have charging"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":6.495,"endTime":10.965,"body":"infrastructure and all that on your"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":10.965,"endTime":12.434,"body":"farm so it's a little bit costly."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":12.885,"endTime":17.744,"body":"But by making it autonomous, you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":12.885,"endTime":17.744,"body":"can have one operator run eight"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":17.864,"endTime":19.064,"body":"of these tractors at a time."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":19.619,"endTime":21.179,"body":"So now the cost has come down."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":21.929,"endTime":24.089,"body":"Good morning, good"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":21.929,"endTime":24.089,"body":"afternoon, or good evening,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":24.089,"endTime":25.409,"body":"wherever you are in the world."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":25.649,"endTime":27.809,"body":"This is the climate 21 podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":28.049,"endTime":31.439,"body":"The number one podcast, showcasing best"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":28.049,"endTime":31.439,"body":"practices in climate emission reductions."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":32.399,"endTime":34.249,"body":"And I'm your host, Tom Raftery."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":34.889,"endTime":38.669,"body":"Don't forget to click follow on this"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":34.889,"endTime":38.669,"body":"podcast in your podcast app of choice,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":38.789,"endTime":41.189,"body":"to be sure you don't miss any episodes."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":43.359,"endTime":43.869,"body":"Hi everyone."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":43.869,"endTime":45.909,"body":"Welcome to the Climate 21 Podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":45.939,"endTime":50.709,"body":"My name is Tom Raftery, and with me on the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":45.939,"endTime":50.709,"body":"show today, I have my special guest, Ed."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":51.129,"endTime":51.459,"body":"Ed."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":51.459,"endTime":52.599,"body":"Welcome to the podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":52.604,"endTime":54.159,"body":"Would you like to introduce yourself?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":55.179,"endTime":55.689,"body":"Hi Tom."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":55.689,"endTime":56.739,"body":"Thanks for having me."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":56.791,"endTime":57.565,"body":"I'm Ed Bernardon."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":57.565,"endTime":61.431,"body":"I'm the the VP of Strategic"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":57.565,"endTime":61.431,"body":"Automotive Initiatives at Siemens."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":62.091,"endTime":66.741,"body":"And I actually came to Siemens through"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":62.091,"endTime":66.741,"body":"an acquisition of a startup that I"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":66.741,"endTime":68.551,"body":"founded along with three other people."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":69.211,"endTime":74.334,"body":"And our startup was actually related"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":69.211,"endTime":74.334,"body":"to designing software creating software"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":74.339,"endTime":77.334,"body":"for designing with lightweight materials"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":74.339,"endTime":77.334,"body":"like carbon fiber and that type of thing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":77.334,"endTime":80.814,"body":"So we got a lot of experience"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":77.334,"endTime":80.814,"body":"working with aerospace companies, car"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":80.814,"endTime":84.294,"body":"companies, anytime you wanted something"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":80.814,"endTime":84.294,"body":"lightweight and high performance."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":84.294,"endTime":86.625,"body":"But we built it to about 80 people or so."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":86.625,"endTime":88.305,"body":"And then Siemens acquired us."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":89.105,"endTime":93.135,"body":"And at that point, certainly we continue"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":89.105,"endTime":93.135,"body":"to work with the, with the Lightweighting"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":93.625,"endTime":94.605,"body":"software and that type of thing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":95.265,"endTime":98.955,"body":"But we've also become a group"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":95.265,"endTime":98.955,"body":"that works on special projects."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":98.955,"endTime":103.425,"body":"And as part of that, as you well know,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":98.955,"endTime":103.425,"body":"Siemens is a really, really big company"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":103.425,"endTime":108.921,"body":"with all sorts of capabilities and I"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":103.425,"endTime":108.921,"body":"work a lot in the area of transportation"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":109.551,"endTime":113.241,"body":"and looking at how to combine things"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":109.551,"endTime":113.241,"body":"from the different divisions of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":113.241,"endTime":116.931,"body":"Siemens, so our division that does"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":113.241,"endTime":116.931,"body":"software in combination, say with"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":116.931,"endTime":118.851,"body":"Siemens mobility or Siemens energy."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":118.971,"endTime":122.949,"body":"So I do a lot of work in special"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":118.971,"endTime":122.949,"body":"projects related to electric"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":122.949,"endTime":124.239,"body":"and autonomous vehicles."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":125.034,"endTime":125.634,"body":"Fabulous."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":125.634,"endTime":126.144,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":126.144,"endTime":128.904,"body":"And the whole electrification"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":126.144,"endTime":128.904,"body":"of transportation is a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":128.909,"endTime":130.674,"body":"really, really big topic now."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":130.674,"endTime":134.484,"body":"It's, you know, it was, it was something"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":130.674,"endTime":134.484,"body":"that people, let's say 10 years ago"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":134.484,"endTime":141.122,"body":"thought never happen, and now it's the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":134.484,"endTime":141.122,"body":"EU and California have passed legislation"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":141.122,"endTime":147.032,"body":"saying that all vehicles sold in the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":141.122,"endTime":147.032,"body":"EU and or in California from 2035 on,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":147.037,"endTime":149.102,"body":"they've gotta be zero emissions vehicles."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":149.102,"endTime":153.212,"body":"And the, the only real way to deliver"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":149.102,"endTime":153.212,"body":"that right now at least, is through"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":153.212,"endTime":154.862,"body":"the electrification of transportation."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":155.222,"endTime":157.35,"body":"So this is a, an exciting time."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":157.35,"endTime":158.676,"body":"What are you seeing in that space?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":159.496,"endTime":163.314,"body":"Well, like you say, if, if"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":159.496,"endTime":163.314,"body":"you go back 10 years there weren't very"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":163.314,"endTime":166.254,"body":"many electric cars out there you could"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":163.314,"endTime":166.254,"body":"even choose from probably getting less"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":166.254,"endTime":168.246,"body":"than a hundred miles a hundred mile range."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":168.251,"endTime":172.236,"body":"And now that's 3, 4, 5 times"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":168.251,"endTime":172.236,"body":"that even on on, some vehicles."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":172.236,"endTime":173.886,"body":"So a lot of progress has been made."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":173.946,"endTime":177.778,"body":"A lot of talk about  additional"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":173.946,"endTime":177.778,"body":"progress with batteries, like solid"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":177.778,"endTime":179.608,"body":"state batteries, things in that area."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":179.62,"endTime":182.548,"body":"But I also think there's o"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":179.62,"endTime":182.548,"body":"other dimensions to how things"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":182.548,"endTime":185.537,"body":"are starting to change, and you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":182.548,"endTime":185.537,"body":"are actually seeing that now."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":185.566,"endTime":188.986,"body":"When we say electrification, certainly"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":185.566,"endTime":188.986,"body":"there's electrification of the vehicles"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":188.986,"endTime":192.916,"body":"that we drive, like we drive right now,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":188.986,"endTime":192.916,"body":"day-to-day, personally owned vehicles."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":193.486,"endTime":196.303,"body":"But you're also seeing e-bikes, scooters."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":197.183,"endTime":201.113,"body":"And electrification is really a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":197.183,"endTime":201.113,"body":"combination of all those things and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":201.113,"endTime":202.433,"body":"how they're gonna work together."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":203.041,"endTime":206.371,"body":"Yeah, and it, it even"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":203.041,"endTime":206.371,"body":"goes beyond that again because just"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":206.371,"endTime":211.773,"body":"in the last couple of days Tesla have"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":206.371,"endTime":211.773,"body":"started delivering or showcasing at"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":211.773,"endTime":213.543,"body":"least the first of their Tesla semis."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":213.843,"endTime":218.373,"body":"So big 18 wheelers capable"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":213.843,"endTime":218.373,"body":"of carrying full loads for"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":218.373,"endTime":221.253,"body":"500 miles on a single charge."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":221.523,"endTime":224.943,"body":"And I mean, that's gotta really"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":221.523,"endTime":224.943,"body":"change the industry, right?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":225.846,"endTime":229.83,"body":"Well, absolutely it's,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":225.846,"endTime":229.83,"body":"and I think a lot of industries are"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":229.835,"endTime":231.63,"body":"gonna be actually impacted by this."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":231.72,"endTime":233.927,"body":"Trucking is actually an"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":231.72,"endTime":233.927,"body":"interesting one, certainly from"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":233.927,"endTime":237.687,"body":"an electrification standpoint and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":233.927,"endTime":237.687,"body":"even from an autonomy standpoint."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":237.867,"endTime":241.527,"body":"And those two things I think"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":237.867,"endTime":241.527,"body":"go hand in hand to some extent"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":242.007,"endTime":246.057,"body":"because one, one big reluctance to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":242.007,"endTime":246.057,"body":"electric vehicles is always range."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":246.597,"endTime":247.167,"body":"Of course."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":247.167,"endTime":247.467,"body":"Right?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":247.467,"endTime":248.617,"body":"And, and that's getting better."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":248.662,"endTime":250.012,"body":"Cost is another"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":250.187,"endTime":250.427,"body":"mm."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":250.822,"endTime":251.392,"body":"And."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":251.972,"endTime":256.652,"body":"If you can combine electric vehicles"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":251.972,"endTime":256.652,"body":"with autonomy, say, and trucking"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":256.652,"endTime":260.822,"body":"is a great example of that, then"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":256.652,"endTime":260.822,"body":"you can reduce, you can reduce the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":260.822,"endTime":262.292,"body":"cost, but less reliance on labor."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":262.297,"endTime":267.182,"body":"So for trucks, even if it's not"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":262.297,"endTime":267.182,"body":"fully autonomous, but the ability"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":267.182,"endTime":271.895,"body":"to platoon trucks, say where you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":267.182,"endTime":271.895,"body":"have a human driver in the first one"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":271.895,"endTime":275.165,"body":"and then you have five, six trucks"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":271.895,"endTime":275.165,"body":"behind it that are using autonomous"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":275.165,"endTime":277.245,"body":"technology to follow all being electric."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":277.485,"endTime":281.998,"body":"The cost of operating that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":277.485,"endTime":281.998,"body":"platoon would be much less."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":282.058,"endTime":286.618,"body":"And as costs come down, then electric"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":282.058,"endTime":286.618,"body":"vehicles would be more acceptable than"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":286.618,"endTime":289.998,"body":"certainly the, an application like"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":286.618,"endTime":289.998,"body":"trucking is, is a great example there."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":290.643,"endTime":290.913,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":291.033,"endTime":291.963,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":292.353,"endTime":295.073,"body":"And it's gotta make a huge difference."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":295.243,"endTime":298.393,"body":"I know it's not gonna happen"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":295.243,"endTime":298.393,"body":"overnight, but this whole shift"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":298.393,"endTime":301.183,"body":"to the electrification and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":298.393,"endTime":301.183,"body":"transportation of all modes, as you"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":301.188,"endTime":304.903,"body":"pointed out, has gotta make a huge"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":301.188,"endTime":304.903,"body":"difference to our city scapes, right?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":305.875,"endTime":306.895,"body":"Oh, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":307.446,"endTime":312.336,"body":"Well imagine if, if you could pick"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":307.446,"endTime":312.336,"body":"from a variety of transportation"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":312.336,"endTime":314.766,"body":"modes and really just start with that."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":315.366,"endTime":319.776,"body":"So maybe you get into the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":315.366,"endTime":319.776,"body":"city on an electric train."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":320.616,"endTime":321.546,"body":"now you're there."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":322.056,"endTime":322.836,"body":"What's next?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":322.956,"endTime":325.952,"body":"Well, maybe you pick up a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":322.956,"endTime":325.952,"body":"shuttle, it takes you somewhere."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":325.952,"endTime":330.302,"body":"Maybe you rent an e-bike or a scooter."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":330.342,"endTime":332.422,"body":"And, and we're seeing that already."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":332.524,"endTime":336.034,"body":"So there's a combination of all these"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":332.524,"endTime":336.034,"body":"different types of vehicles and."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":336.544,"endTime":337.774,"body":"Well, how do you accommodate that?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":337.774,"endTime":339.454,"body":"Well, you have to have charging stations."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":339.454,"endTime":341.704,"body":"You have to start playing"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":339.454,"endTime":341.704,"body":"around with lanes."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":341.748,"endTime":348.421,"body":"You have a dedicated lane for bicycles"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":341.748,"endTime":348.421,"body":"and scooters and take away from cars."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":348.481,"endTime":350.311,"body":"Oh, now traffic goes up."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":350.791,"endTime":353.461,"body":"So you have to start thinking"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":350.791,"endTime":353.461,"body":"about all these pieces together."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":354.091,"endTime":357.781,"body":"So there's the physical infrastructure"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":354.091,"endTime":357.781,"body":"of the streets themselves."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":358.357,"endTime":361.747,"body":"But you know when you take from one"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":358.357,"endTime":361.747,"body":"and you give to the other, like you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":361.747,"endTime":364.327,"body":"said, like the example I just gave,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":361.747,"endTime":364.327,"body":"you have an increase in traffic."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":364.327,"endTime":366.277,"body":"Well, what can you do"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":364.327,"endTime":366.277,"body":"about reducing traffic?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":367.237,"endTime":370.717,"body":"Well then maybe you start banning cars."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":370.807,"endTime":372.247,"body":"Congestion charging."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":372.277,"endTime":376.297,"body":"Now nobody likes congestion charging,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":372.277,"endTime":376.297,"body":"of course, but maybe you can be"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":376.297,"endTime":382.027,"body":"smart about it and instead of banning"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":376.297,"endTime":382.027,"body":"completely, you might have tolls that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":382.027,"endTime":386.542,"body":"are not, say related to the distance"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":382.027,"endTime":386.542,"body":"you travel or the amount of time you're"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":386.542,"endTime":390.122,"body":"somewhere, but maybe the amount of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":386.542,"endTime":390.122,"body":"time and the space that you take up."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":390.877,"endTime":395.677,"body":"So one person in an S U V would pay"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":390.877,"endTime":395.677,"body":"a lot more than someone that takes"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":395.677,"endTime":399.787,"body":"just a half a square meter in a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":395.677,"endTime":399.787,"body":"little scooter or something like that."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":400.477,"endTime":404.077,"body":"But I think all these pieces do"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":400.477,"endTime":404.077,"body":"come together and ultimately,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":404.497,"endTime":408.277,"body":"as the vehicles evolve, so does"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":404.497,"endTime":408.277,"body":"the infrastructure in the city."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":408.282,"endTime":415.207,"body":"And then to layer on top of all this is"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":408.282,"endTime":415.207,"body":"how do you even pick what you wanna do."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":415.39,"endTime":418.665,"body":"You pick up your phone and you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":415.39,"endTime":418.665,"body":"wanna go with an Uber or a Lyft."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":418.755,"endTime":420.165,"body":"You want to go from A to B."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":420.285,"endTime":423.075,"body":"A driver comes, you look at the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":420.285,"endTime":423.075,"body":"rating of the driver and all"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":423.075,"endTime":424.425,"body":"that, and they take you there."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":425.325,"endTime":429.105,"body":"Well, now it's going to be a combination."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":429.11,"endTime":433.265,"body":"Could be of the electric train,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":429.11,"endTime":433.265,"body":"public transport, a train, a subway"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":434.044,"endTime":436.666,"body":"a shuttle an e-bike, a scooter."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":437.296,"endTime":438.706,"body":"What combination is best?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":438.711,"endTime":441.796,"body":"Well, do you want the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":438.711,"endTime":441.796,"body":"least amount of time?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":442.546,"endTime":444.586,"body":"Do you want the least amount of emissions?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":445.186,"endTime":448.414,"body":"Maybe you don't care about time and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":445.186,"endTime":448.414,"body":"you'd like to pick up a couple of you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":448.414,"endTime":454.694,"body":"know, sites along the way, or maybe you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":448.414,"endTime":454.694,"body":"want to share your ride with people that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":454.694,"endTime":456.854,"body":"have, topics that you'd like to discuss."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":457.424,"endTime":461.704,"body":"Who knows, there's a lot of possibilities"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":457.424,"endTime":461.704,"body":"here and I think that all fits in."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":462.444,"endTime":466.359,"body":"I guess there's many different layers to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":462.444,"endTime":466.359,"body":"infrastructure, physical, the software"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":466.364,"endTime":469.559,"body":"that's over the whole experience, I"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":466.364,"endTime":469.559,"body":"think is something you're start to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":469.559,"endTime":473.969,"body":"see evolve along with this mix of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":469.559,"endTime":473.969,"body":"vehicles that are probably going to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":473.969,"endTime":476.479,"body":"be ultimately sharing our streets."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":476.834,"endTime":477.224,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":477.284,"endTime":477.864,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":477.864,"endTime":485.069,"body":"I mean, I have classes in the city"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":477.864,"endTime":485.069,"body":"center of Seville, two mornings a week"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":485.069,"endTime":493.619,"body":"00 AM and if I were to try and"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":485.069,"endTime":493.619,"body":"drive in there to get there for 9:00 AM"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":494.009,"endTime":499.439,"body":"I'd need to leave around seven 30 and I"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":494.009,"endTime":499.439,"body":"don't live that far outside of Seville."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":500.219,"endTime":507.719,"body":"However, I can comfortably"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":500.219,"endTime":507.719,"body":"leave my home at eight 20."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":508.214,"endTime":512.954,"body":"On a little electric scooter, take"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":508.214,"endTime":512.954,"body":"the scooter to the nearest metro"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":512.954,"endTime":516.894,"body":"station, which is about, half"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":512.954,"endTime":516.894,"body":"a mile away, about 700 meters."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":517.914,"endTime":519.834,"body":"Get on the Metro with the scooter."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":520.584,"endTime":522.954,"body":"The metro takes 10 minutes"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":520.584,"endTime":522.954,"body":"to get into the city center."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":523.014,"endTime":528.564,"body":"Costs me a Euro, Euro 50, probably"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":523.014,"endTime":528.564,"body":"get outta the metro, get on the"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":528.564,"endTime":530.724,"body":"scooter again, and go to my class."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":530.874,"endTime":533.074,"body":"And I'm there typically at 10 to 9."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":533.094,"endTime":534.434,"body":"So I'm there with a few minutes to spare."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":535.164,"endTime":538.614,"body":"For the cost of one Euro 50"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":535.164,"endTime":538.614,"body":"each way and all electric, cuz"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":538.614,"endTime":539.874,"body":"the metro is fully electric."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":540.504,"endTime":546.234,"body":"And when I get off the metro and I go up"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":540.504,"endTime":546.234,"body":"Avenida de la Constitucion in Seville,"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":546.504,"endTime":550.224,"body":"it's a Pedestrianized street with an"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":546.504,"endTime":550.224,"body":"electric tram going along it and a,"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":550.372,"endTime":553.637,"body":"specified lane for cyclists and scooters."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":553.967,"endTime":557.887,"body":"You know, it has changed the"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":553.967,"endTime":557.887,"body":"face of the city enormously."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":558.107,"endTime":559.757,"body":"There's less cars."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":559.817,"endTime":561.857,"body":"Well, there's no cars in"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":559.817,"endTime":561.857,"body":"Constitution because it's,"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":561.857,"endTime":563.25,"body":"it's pedestrianized completely."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":563.255,"endTime":567.111,"body":"It's right beside the big cathedral in"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":563.255,"endTime":567.111,"body":"Seville, which has just been cleaned"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":567.111,"endTime":569.334,"body":"from, decades of cars going past it."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":569.339,"endTime":571.524,"body":"And now it's pedestrianized"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":569.339,"endTime":571.524,"body":"all the area around it and"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":571.524,"endTime":572.754,"body":"it's clean and it's beautiful."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":573.267,"endTime":577.947,"body":"There's less noise, there's"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":573.267,"endTime":577.947,"body":"better air quality, it's so much"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":577.947,"endTime":578.967,"body":"better for everybody, right?"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":579.147,"endTime":582.417,"body":"I mean, and this kind of thing is starting"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":579.147,"endTime":582.417,"body":"to be mirrored in other cities as well."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":582.417,"endTime":586.797,"body":"We saw Anne Hidalgo, who is the mayor"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":582.417,"endTime":586.797,"body":"of Paris, has, you know, taken a lot"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":586.797,"endTime":590.667,"body":"of the traffic out of Paris as well,"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":586.797,"endTime":590.667,"body":"and has made it more bike friendly."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":590.877,"endTime":591.417,"body":"Seville."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":591.477,"endTime":596.577,"body":"When I moved here in 2008, they started"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":591.477,"endTime":596.577,"body":"deploying bike lanes and bike sharing"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":596.577,"endTime":602.221,"body":"schemes, and the bike lanes in Seville are"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":596.577,"endTime":602.221,"body":"physically separate from the the roads."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":602.431,"endTime":604.831,"body":"If you wanted, if you were driving"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":602.431,"endTime":604.831,"body":"in a car and you wanted to hit"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":604.831,"endTime":607.651,"body":"someone in a bike lane, you'd"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":604.831,"endTime":607.651,"body":"destroy your car trying to hit them."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":607.871,"endTime":610.781,"body":"And that makes it incredibly safe."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":611.111,"endTime":616.631,"body":"And it means that parents don't"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":611.111,"endTime":616.631,"body":"have to worry about going out on"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":616.631,"endTime":618.311,"body":"a cycling trip with their kids."},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":618.637,"endTime":621.157,"body":"It makes it, I think, so"},{"speaker":"at 9","startTime":618.637,"endTime":621.157,"body":"much better for everybody."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":621.586,"endTime":625.666,"body":"You give a really"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":621.586,"endTime":625.666,"body":"great example of the mix of, of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":625.666,"endTime":629.536,"body":"all these different transportation"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":625.666,"endTime":629.536,"body":"modes and the ability to experience"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":629.566,"endTime":631.096,"body":"the beautiful city center."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":631.666,"endTime":631.726,"body":"Hmm."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":631.876,"endTime":634.479,"body":"And we have"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":631.876,"endTime":634.479,"body":"a project together with the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":634.479,"endTime":636.597,"body":"Siemens mobility division."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":636.942,"endTime":642.12,"body":"Where we're combining traffic simulation"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":636.942,"endTime":642.12,"body":"tools with simulation tools for"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":642.12,"endTime":643.44,"body":"autonomous vehicles and this and that."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":643.44,"endTime":647.749,"body":"But we have two pilots, one in Bogota,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":643.44,"endTime":647.749,"body":"Columbia, and another one in Singapore."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":648.049,"endTime":653.179,"body":"And the goal of the project in"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":648.049,"endTime":653.179,"body":"Bogota was to get people to be"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":653.179,"endTime":655.684,"body":"able to access the city centre."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":656.164,"endTime":657.349,"body":"And, and enjoy it."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":657.709,"endTime":659.719,"body":"And so, well, what, what can we do?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":659.779,"endTime":660.079,"body":"Right?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":660.079,"endTime":663.469,"body":"And so you, you have these traffic"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":660.079,"endTime":663.469,"body":"simulation tools and of course we can"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":663.469,"endTime":667.099,"body":"simulate advanced technologies and figure"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":663.469,"endTime":667.099,"body":"out where to place charging stations."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":667.159,"endTime":671.959,"body":"But first, let's just look at some"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":667.159,"endTime":671.959,"body":"basic things that are out there and."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":673.024,"endTime":676.054,"body":"It was exactly what you just said"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":673.024,"endTime":676.054,"body":"when, when we were setting up these"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":676.054,"endTime":679.564,"body":"projects, everyone was interested"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":676.054,"endTime":679.564,"body":"in how can we handle more scooters,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":679.594,"endTime":684.424,"body":"e-bikes, bicycles, and all that, make"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":679.594,"endTime":684.424,"body":"it safe and not hurt traffic too much."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":684.694,"endTime":686.014,"body":"That's, that's sort of the basics."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":686.644,"endTime":691.984,"body":"And when we started looking at"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":686.644,"endTime":691.984,"body":"traffic flow, some really simple"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":691.984,"endTime":693.709,"body":"things started to show up."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":693.979,"endTime":699.349,"body":"The first one was that the major cause"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":693.979,"endTime":699.349,"body":"of traffic during rush hour in this"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":699.349,"endTime":704.299,"body":"historic center of Bogota was trucks"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":699.349,"endTime":704.299,"body":"being parked near traffic lights."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":704.899,"endTime":708.679,"body":"And now you could park them away from"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":704.899,"endTime":708.679,"body":"the traffic lights and there was still,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":708.684,"endTime":710.869,"body":"it would hurt traffic a little bit,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":708.684,"endTime":710.869,"body":"but not so much when they were around."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":710.869,"endTime":714.469,"body":"So, ah, let's get rid of those"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":710.869,"endTime":714.469,"body":"trucks first, and then we did that."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":714.469,"endTime":718.279,"body":"Okay, now, Listen,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":714.469,"endTime":718.279,"body":"should we do a bike lane?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":718.279,"endTime":722.359,"body":"Should the bike lane be for"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":718.279,"endTime":722.359,"body":"bicycles and motorcycles?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":722.359,"endTime":725.689,"body":"Should we limit them to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":722.359,"endTime":725.689,"body":"20 miles per hour or not?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":726.019,"endTime":727.819,"body":"And there's all sorts of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":726.019,"endTime":727.819,"body":"different combinations."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":727.819,"endTime":730.399,"body":"Oh, maybe we let cars go in"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":727.819,"endTime":730.399,"body":"the bike lane, but the cars"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":730.399,"endTime":732.259,"body":"can only go 20 miles per hour."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":732.889,"endTime":734.389,"body":"And then there's other things you can do."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":734.419,"endTime":737.779,"body":"Instead of having just like bike"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":734.419,"endTime":737.779,"body":"lanes, you can also have areas in"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":737.779,"endTime":742.624,"body":"front of stop lights where just"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":737.779,"endTime":742.624,"body":"bicycles or just motorcycles can stop."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":742.834,"endTime":744.874,"body":"Anyways, there's all these combinations."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":745.384,"endTime":748.942,"body":"And no matter what we would do it would"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":745.384,"endTime":748.942,"body":"seem that you would always hurt someone."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":749.152,"endTime":751.684,"body":"In other words, if you, if you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":749.152,"endTime":751.684,"body":"made the bike lanes bigger or"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":751.689,"endTime":754.054,"body":"whatever, then traffic got worse."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":754.444,"endTime":757.534,"body":"But, but there was one thing that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":754.444,"endTime":757.534,"body":"showed up that was really, really"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":757.534,"endTime":762.949,"body":"surprising, which was if you had"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":757.534,"endTime":762.949,"body":"an area in front of the stop, where"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":762.949,"endTime":767.209,"body":"motorcycles only could stop and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":762.949,"endTime":767.209,"body":"motorcycles can accelerate really quickly."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":767.629,"endTime":769.989,"body":"The traffic flow got better for everyone."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":770.389,"endTime":770.689,"body":"Wow."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":770.899,"endTime":774.049,"body":"And I think that, oh wow."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":774.079,"endTime":778.249,"body":"So now we've improved traffic, let's"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":774.079,"endTime":778.249,"body":"call it 5% travel time through this."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":779.089,"endTime":781.759,"body":"Now you start saying, wow,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":779.089,"endTime":781.759,"body":"this is really interesting."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":781.759,"endTime":789.439,"body":"What could we do now to incentivize"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":781.759,"endTime":789.439,"body":"people to drive less in the cars and more?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":789.784,"endTime":793.864,"body":"Be it an e-bike or whatever it might"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":789.784,"endTime":793.864,"body":"be, or maybe it is motorcycles,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":794.164,"endTime":795.694,"body":"I mean, e-bike and motorcycles."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":796.174,"endTime":798.634,"body":"There's probably starting"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":796.174,"endTime":798.634,"body":"to be a gray area"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":798.859,"endTime":803.389,"body":"and, and in fact,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":798.859,"endTime":803.389,"body":"something like 40% of motorbike sales"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":803.859,"endTime":805.334,"body":"globally now are electric motorbikes."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":805.987,"endTime":806.137,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":806.137,"endTime":808.717,"body":"I don't know what the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":806.137,"endTime":808.717,"body":"official definition is."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":808.717,"endTime":811.994,"body":"When a, an e-bike becomes a, there"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":808.717,"endTime":811.994,"body":"must be a speed I don't know if it's."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":812.739,"endTime":816.459,"body":"40 kilometers per hour or something"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":812.739,"endTime":816.459,"body":"like, but most e-bikes can, can get well"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":816.459,"endTime":818.529,"body":"over 40 kilometers or 25 miles per hour."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":818.529,"endTime":821.823,"body":"They can be pretty dangerous or efficient,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":818.529,"endTime":821.823,"body":"however you wanna look at it, depending"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":821.823,"endTime":823.173,"body":"on which side of the fence you're on."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":824.613,"endTime":829.63,"body":"And we've seen for decades"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":824.613,"endTime":829.63,"body":"and decades, the role that Formula One"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":829.63,"endTime":834.857,"body":"racing has played in the improvement of"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":829.63,"endTime":834.857,"body":"normal internal combustion engine cars."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":862.9970000000001,"endTime":867.4970000000001,"body":"We've then got the Formula"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":862.9970000000001,"endTime":867.4970000000001,"body":"E for electric vehicles."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":867.8670000000001,"endTime":872.8080000000001,"body":"Do you see that as contributing"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":867.8670000000001,"endTime":872.8080000000001,"body":"as well to the improvements that"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":872.8080000000001,"endTime":873.918,"body":"we're seeing in electric vehicles?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":875.056,"endTime":878.926,"body":"Well, I grew"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":875.056,"endTime":878.926,"body":"up in Indianapolis where"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":878.926,"endTime":880.216,"body":"the Indianapolis 500 is."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":880.216,"endTime":883.7860000000001,"body":"So racing for me is, you know,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":880.216,"endTime":883.7860000000001,"body":"always a special place in my heart."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":883.7860000000001,"endTime":888.5020000000001,"body":"And, and the one thing I always think of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":883.7860000000001,"endTime":888.5020000000001,"body":"is the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":889.0540000000001,"endTime":892.7940000000001,"body":"All the drivers had a mechanic with"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":889.0540000000001,"endTime":892.7940000000001,"body":"them cuz the cars couldn't even"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":892.7940000000001,"endTime":894.0840000000001,"body":"get around to two and a half miles."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":894.114,"endTime":897.6840000000001,"body":"And so, but one driver, actually"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":894.114,"endTime":897.6840000000001,"body":"the winner, Ray Haroon had a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":897.6840000000001,"endTime":900.984,"body":"rear view mirror the first time"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":897.6840000000001,"endTime":900.984,"body":"a rear view mirror was ever used"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":901.0290000000001,"endTime":902.019,"body":"No, serious?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":902.5290000000001,"endTime":904.1790000000001,"body":"Yeah, it"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":902.5290000000001,"endTime":904.1790000000001,"body":"was at, and that's 1911."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":904.1790000000001,"endTime":908.446,"body":"So he was, he was able to s the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":904.1790000000001,"endTime":908.446,"body":"mechanic would also be a rear view"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":908.446,"endTime":909.796,"body":"mirror for all the other drivers."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":909.796,"endTime":914.2080000000001,"body":"So, anyways, that's really probably the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":909.796,"endTime":914.2080000000001,"body":"first example and there's many, many more."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":914.5980000000001,"endTime":921.3710000000001,"body":"And I think that racing in the past three,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":914.5980000000001,"endTime":921.3710000000001,"body":"four years has  been looked less favorably"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":921.4010000000001,"endTime":923.921,"body":"because of, oh my goodness, there's all."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":924.546,"endTime":927.846,"body":"Internal combustion engines and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":924.546,"endTime":927.846,"body":"things like that polluting the air."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":927.846,"endTime":931.1460000000001,"body":"And, and so they have all these series."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":931.176,"endTime":933.0060000000001,"body":"Formula one is a great example."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":933.0310000000001,"endTime":935.821,"body":"They do have energy recovery"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":933.0310000000001,"endTime":935.821,"body":"systems in their cars."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":935.931,"endTime":940.8080000000001,"body":"And every four years"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":935.931,"endTime":940.8080000000001,"body":"every new rules come out."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":940.8080000000001,"endTime":944.4090000000001,"body":"So in 22, we had new rules This year"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":940.8080000000001,"endTime":944.4090000000001,"body":"you'll see a lot of change as they"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":944.4090000000001,"endTime":950.5740000000001,"body":"go from to the new rules in 26 and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":944.4090000000001,"endTime":950.5740000000001,"body":"eventually, In 2030 where Formula One"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":950.604,"endTime":954.7360000000001,"body":"will probably be a hundred percent carbon"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":950.604,"endTime":954.7360000000001,"body":"free or a hundred percent sustainable."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":955.0360000000001,"endTime":957.085,"body":"Will that be an electric drive train?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":957.735,"endTime":957.9350000000001,"body":"Probably."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":957.985,"endTime":961.599,"body":"Could there be hydrogen running"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":957.985,"endTime":961.599,"body":"in an internal combustion engine?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":961.6590000000001,"endTime":963.1510000000001,"body":"That's a possibility too."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":963.191,"endTime":968.081,"body":"But it's definitely going in, in that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":963.191,"endTime":968.081,"body":"direction so they see for survival."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":968.471,"endTime":971.321,"body":"And I think that what"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":968.471,"endTime":971.321,"body":"you mentioned Formula E."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":971.623,"endTime":978.466,"body":"Extreme E, which is uh, electric SUVs"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":971.623,"endTime":978.466,"body":"Racing in climate challenge areas are all"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":978.556,"endTime":982.134,"body":"examples of what racing is trying to do."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":982.134,"endTime":985.0440000000001,"body":"And Alejandro Agag, which"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":982.134,"endTime":985.0440000000001,"body":"I think was a guest on your"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":985.0590000000001,"endTime":986.6790000000001,"body":"He was, he was"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":985.0590000000001,"endTime":986.6790000000001,"body":"on the podcast last year."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":986.6790000000001,"endTime":987.089,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":987.9540000000001,"endTime":988.1640000000001,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":988.1640000000001,"endTime":991.327,"body":"And he was also I have a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":988.1640000000001,"endTime":991.327,"body":"podcast future Car podcast he"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":991.327,"endTime":993.3670000000001,"body":"was on, he was on ours as well."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":993.8770000000001,"endTime":995.7370000000001,"body":"And he's the pioneer here."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":995.7370000000001,"endTime":1001.0580000000001,"body":"He has a, a, a contract for electric"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":995.7370000000001,"endTime":1001.0580000000001,"body":"racing till 2040 with the F I a,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1001.0880000000001,"endTime":1002.4680000000001,"body":"which is the sanctioning body."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1002.888,"endTime":1006.6080000000001,"body":"And so I, I think you're gonna at"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1002.888,"endTime":1006.6080000000001,"body":"see, well, you're already seeing"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1007.1780000000001,"endTime":1011.798,"body":"one, the vehicles themselves, but"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1007.1780000000001,"endTime":1011.798,"body":"you have to think about racing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1013.043,"endTime":1014.8430000000001,"body":"There's a lot of equipment."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1014.903,"endTime":1017.4830000000001,"body":"I dunno if you've ever"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1014.903,"endTime":1017.4830000000001,"body":"been to a Formula One race."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1017.623,"endTime":1021.378,"body":"at the Formula"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1017.623,"endTime":1021.378,"body":"E finale in 2019 in Brooklyn."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1021.378,"endTime":1024.428,"body":"But I was never, and I was down in the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1021.378,"endTime":1024.428,"body":"pits but I, I was never at a Formula one."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1025.478,"endTime":1030.188,"body":"Well, so the fact that you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1025.478,"endTime":1030.188,"body":"were down in the pits and you saw all the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1030.188,"endTime":1034.948,"body":"equipment for changing tires, whatever it"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1030.188,"endTime":1034.948,"body":"might be, the computers for taking data."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1035.468,"endTime":1037.178,"body":"All that gets packed up."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1037.598,"endTime":1041.258,"body":"And what there's, you know, more than 20"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1037.598,"endTime":1041.258,"body":"races now in Formula One, so you're gonna"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1041.258,"endTime":1044.948,"body":"move it from Australia to Japan to Brazil."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1045.158,"endTime":1049.478,"body":"You know, they try and group them together"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1045.158,"endTime":1049.478,"body":"a little bit, but you know, Montreal"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1049.508,"endTime":1052.958,"body":"is in June and then they go back to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1049.508,"endTime":1052.958,"body":"Europe and then they come back to the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1052.958,"endTime":1055.458,"body":"United States and Texas and Mexico."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1055.458,"endTime":1059.25,"body":"So a lot of emissions"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1055.458,"endTime":1059.25,"body":"when you move this around."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1059.25,"endTime":1064.796,"body":"So there right now, a a lot of the focus"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1059.25,"endTime":1064.796,"body":"to become zero carbon by 2030 for the f"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1064.796,"endTime":1069.471,"body":"i a and certainly Formula One in their"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1064.796,"endTime":1069.471,"body":"series is to figure out how to make the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1069.471,"endTime":1073.5140000000001,"body":"whole thing all the infrastructure and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1069.471,"endTime":1073.5140000000001,"body":"the cars themselves  more carbon neutral."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1073.544,"endTime":1077.1670000000001,"body":"And I think, racing is"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1073.544,"endTime":1077.1670000000001,"body":"very good at innovating."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1077.54,"endTime":1081.02,"body":"We do a lot of work with our software,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1077.54,"endTime":1081.02,"body":"like I mentioned, with design, with"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1081.02,"endTime":1086.0900000000001,"body":"carbon fiber, with the Formula One"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1081.02,"endTime":1086.0900000000001,"body":"teams, and you go to these facilities and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1086.141,"endTime":1087.891,"body":"one of the teams we sponsor is Alpine."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1088.031,"endTime":1089.2910000000002,"body":"It's a Renault team."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1089.741,"endTime":1093.731,"body":"And as they took a tour of the facilities,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1089.741,"endTime":1093.731,"body":"we went into this one place where"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1093.731,"endTime":1100.001,"body":"they make the boxes where they put the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1093.731,"endTime":1100.001,"body":"equipment in, and they were very proud"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1100.001,"endTime":1103.661,"body":"of the fact that they had designed them"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1100.001,"endTime":1103.661,"body":"to take up all the space that they could"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1103.661,"endTime":1108.491,"body":"in a 7 47, and the boxes themselves were"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1103.661,"endTime":1108.491,"body":"made up of such lightweight material."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1108.881,"endTime":1114.2910000000002,"body":"So there's yeah, I, think racing, now"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1108.881,"endTime":1114.2910000000002,"body":"sees that their focus has to change"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1114.501,"endTime":1117.851,"body":"and they're very comfortable with being"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1114.501,"endTime":1117.851,"body":"in a technology leadership position."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1117.856,"endTime":1121.006,"body":"So I think you're gonna see a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1117.856,"endTime":1121.006,"body":"lot of new technology coming from"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1121.006,"endTime":1124.2160000000001,"body":"racing and, and in fact, you already"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1121.006,"endTime":1124.2160000000001,"body":"have from Formula E, especially in"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1124.2160000000001,"endTime":1127.486,"body":"areas like battery management, 800"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1124.2160000000001,"endTime":1127.486,"body":"volt systems, things like that."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1127.881,"endTime":1128.086,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1128.146,"endTime":1129.476,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1129.476,"endTime":1129.536,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1129.536,"endTime":1131.9560000000001,"body":"And what about the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1129.536,"endTime":1131.9560000000001,"body":"software that's involved?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1131.9560000000001,"endTime":1133.546,"body":"I mean, you're leading a software group."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1133.876,"endTime":1137.4460000000001,"body":"How is that impacting on"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1133.876,"endTime":1137.4460000000001,"body":"the electric mobility?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1137.803,"endTime":1141.2830000000001,"body":"Well, there's the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1137.803,"endTime":1141.2830000000001,"body":"software that's in the vehicles"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1141.2830000000001,"endTime":1145.797,"body":"themselves, and then there's actually"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1141.2830000000001,"endTime":1145.797,"body":"the software that's involved in  design."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1145.9470000000001,"endTime":1148.73,"body":"I think we, we looking at the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1145.9470000000001,"endTime":1148.73,"body":"racing, I think the software for"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1148.7350000000001,"endTime":1151.309,"body":"battery management and that type of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1148.7350000000001,"endTime":1151.309,"body":"thing, that's not something that we"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1151.309,"endTime":1155.029,"body":"provide, but there's certainly a lot"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1151.309,"endTime":1155.029,"body":"of advancements that go on in there"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1155.029,"endTime":1156.469,"body":"and how to best use the batteries."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1156.52,"endTime":1160.21,"body":"From our standpoint, the software"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1156.52,"endTime":1160.21,"body":"we create is actually for the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1160.21,"endTime":1161.8300000000002,"body":"engineering of the vehicles."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1163.03,"endTime":1169.5240000000001,"body":"And here's where I think there's a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1163.03,"endTime":1169.5240000000001,"body":"big I guess you could say there's"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1169.5240000000001,"endTime":1173.364,"body":"certainly a technology change, which"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1169.5240000000001,"endTime":1173.364,"body":"actually drives a cultural change"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1173.634,"endTime":1175.344,"body":"in how engineers work together."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1175.884,"endTime":1181.944,"body":"And if you think about cars, fundamentally"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1175.884,"endTime":1181.944,"body":"for the last 80 years or so, 80 to a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1181.944,"endTime":1183.2640000000001,"body":"hundred, they haven't really changed."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1183.384,"endTime":1186.2440000000001,"body":"We've got an internal"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1183.384,"endTime":1186.2440000000001,"body":"combustion engine driving."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1187.2540000000001,"endTime":1190.344,"body":"Two wheel, four wheel drive"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1187.2540000000001,"endTime":1190.344,"body":"car, whatever it might be."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1190.7640000000001,"endTime":1194.018,"body":"And although there were"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1190.7640000000001,"endTime":1194.018,"body":"electric cars very early"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1194.108,"endTime":1194.6180000000002,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1194.8880000000001,"endTime":1196.208,"body":"it, it's gone back."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1196.8980000000001,"endTime":1204.092,"body":"And what ends up happening over time is"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1196.8980000000001,"endTime":1204.092,"body":"you gain experience and this experience"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1205.037,"endTime":1207.4170000000001,"body":"makes it a lot easier to do engineering."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1207.557,"endTime":1212.1770000000001,"body":"So the people that design the engines"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1207.557,"endTime":1212.1770000000001,"body":"and the drive trains, the transmissions,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1212.1770000000001,"endTime":1217.097,"body":"the drive lines, whatever it might be,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1212.1770000000001,"endTime":1217.097,"body":"they know that generally the engine fits"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1217.102,"endTime":1219.6470000000002,"body":"here and it's gonna be about this heavy."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1219.767,"endTime":1224.1770000000001,"body":"And the people that design the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1219.767,"endTime":1224.1770000000001,"body":"car body, they have to interact."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1224.1770000000001,"endTime":1225.4370000000001,"body":"But the interaction."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1225.962,"endTime":1230.402,"body":"Is much, much less because of this"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1225.962,"endTime":1230.402,"body":"experience that's been built up on"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1230.642,"endTime":1234.482,"body":"the coupling of these systems than"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1230.642,"endTime":1234.482,"body":"you have now with electric vehicles."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1234.617,"endTime":1235.107,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1235.518,"endTime":1240.858,"body":"So here's where"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1235.518,"endTime":1240.858,"body":"I think engineering is changing"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1241.278,"endTime":1243.108,"body":"because of the change in technology."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1243.108,"endTime":1249.8880000000001,"body":"So if you're designing a car body,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1243.108,"endTime":1249.8880000000001,"body":"For an electric car, you have all"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1249.8880000000001,"endTime":1253.488,"body":"the standard problems that car"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1249.8880000000001,"endTime":1253.488,"body":"designers have always had, which is,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1253.758,"endTime":1255.468,"body":"Hey, I gotta fit the seats in here."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1255.798,"endTime":1258.132,"body":"And nowadays all sorts of options."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1258.132,"endTime":1261.372,"body":"People want more and more options and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1258.132,"endTime":1261.372,"body":"big screens and whatever it might be."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1262.512,"endTime":1268.8120000000001,"body":"And now all of a sudden these people from"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1262.512,"endTime":1268.8120000000001,"body":"the battery team are saying, powertrain"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1268.8120000000001,"endTime":1274.152,"body":"team are saying, Hey, I've got 800 pounds"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1268.8120000000001,"endTime":1274.152,"body":"of batteries I want you to put in here."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1275.06,"endTime":1279.565,"body":"To the uh, car body designer that's"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1275.06,"endTime":1279.565,"body":"just another component, like  a B"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1279.565,"endTime":1282.7450000000001,"body":"pillar or a b pillar would be like"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1279.565,"endTime":1282.7450000000001,"body":"the beam that goes between the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1282.7450000000001,"endTime":1283.9450000000002,"body":"front doors and the back doors."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1284.425,"endTime":1287.605,"body":"Well, there's not very many"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1284.425,"endTime":1287.605,"body":"components on a car that weigh 800"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1287.605,"endTime":1289.105,"body":"pounds and, and they're not necess."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1289.165,"endTime":1292.486,"body":"And the battery box that has all these"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1289.165,"endTime":1292.486,"body":"you know, the battery cells and them"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1292.486,"endTime":1297.226,"body":"in the modules aren't really the shape"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1292.486,"endTime":1297.226,"body":"that you would optimize for getting the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1297.226,"endTime":1298.996,"body":"strength and the stiffness that you want."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1299.2060000000001,"endTime":1303.6180000000002,"body":"So now you have the  powertrain group"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1299.2060000000001,"endTime":1303.6180000000002,"body":"says, oh, we need to get more range,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1303.6480000000001,"endTime":1308.178,"body":"so we need more volume and we need more"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1303.6480000000001,"endTime":1308.178,"body":"weight cuz we wanna put more batteries in."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1308.6580000000001,"endTime":1314.28,"body":"The body group is saying, well wait"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1308.6580000000001,"endTime":1314.28,"body":"a minute, I can't put any more weight"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1314.28,"endTime":1316.38,"body":"in here cuz range is gonna go down."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1317.175,"endTime":1319.905,"body":"I gotta stuff all these car"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1317.175,"endTime":1319.905,"body":"seats and everything else."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1319.905,"endTime":1323.895,"body":"And, and by the way, when you add"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1319.905,"endTime":1323.895,"body":"more batteries and you have to raise"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1323.895,"endTime":1327.795,"body":"the car seat up, now the head of the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1323.895,"endTime":1327.795,"body":"largest person you wanna build the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1327.795,"endTime":1330.915,"body":"car for, so on and on and on, it's"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1327.795,"endTime":1330.915,"body":"a packaging problem and all this."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1330.915,"endTime":1334.335,"body":"So you have the mentality of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1330.915,"endTime":1334.335,"body":"mechanical engineers on one"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1334.335,"endTime":1335.175,"body":"side and on the other side."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1335.175,"endTime":1336.285,"body":"Now you've got electrical."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1336.9930000000002,"endTime":1339.6760000000002,"body":"Maybe chemical engineers, even"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1336.9930000000002,"endTime":1339.6760000000002,"body":"when it comes to the batteries,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1340.0220000000002,"endTime":1341.492,"body":"they think differently."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1341.7920000000001,"endTime":1347.882,"body":"And since you don't have this 80 years of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1341.7920000000001,"endTime":1347.882,"body":"experience, they're forced to collaborate."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1348.512,"endTime":1351.0620000000001,"body":"And I think what you end up having is."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1351.467,"endTime":1353.701,"body":"Well, how do you, put"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1351.467,"endTime":1353.701,"body":"these teams together?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1354.031,"endTime":1355.741,"body":"And I think companies experiment."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1355.741,"endTime":1357.601,"body":"You know, car companies"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1355.741,"endTime":1357.601,"body":"experiment with different things."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1357.601,"endTime":1362.1570000000002,"body":"They might say, well, let's have 'em"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1357.601,"endTime":1362.1570000000002,"body":"cohabitate together while they're working."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1362.1570000000002,"endTime":1366.057,"body":"Or we'll take the chief of body and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1362.1570000000002,"endTime":1366.057,"body":"put them in charge of batteries."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1366.057,"endTime":1371.4270000000001,"body":"And the chief of batteries in charge"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1366.057,"endTime":1371.4270000000001,"body":"of, of body, on and on and on and from"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1371.4270000000001,"endTime":1374.787,"body":"a software standpoint is suddenly."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1375.702,"endTime":1379.8120000000001,"body":"Where you used to have this vehicle"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1375.702,"endTime":1379.8120000000001,"body":"that was primarily mechanical."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1380.1970000000001,"endTime":1380.4370000000001,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1381.222,"endTime":1383.919,"body":"Now It's still"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1381.222,"endTime":1383.919,"body":"mechanical, cuz in the end it's"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1383.919,"endTime":1385.3890000000001,"body":"physical and you have to get into it."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1385.449,"endTime":1390.355,"body":"But you have electrical, the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1385.449,"endTime":1390.355,"body":"battery systems, electronics,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1390.505,"endTime":1391.765,"body":"and of course software."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1391.765,"endTime":1393.2050000000002,"body":"And they're all coupled together."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1393.265,"endTime":1396.278,"body":"They're there's a major automotive"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1393.265,"endTime":1396.278,"body":"manufacturer from the uk."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1396.278,"endTime":1397.268,"body":"It was actually Jaguar."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1397.6580000000001,"endTime":1403.086,"body":"And they said when they bring engineers"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1397.6580000000001,"endTime":1403.086,"body":"in, if you're mechanical, they make you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1403.086,"endTime":1408.357,"body":"take a course in electrical designer"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1403.086,"endTime":1408.357,"body":"cars and software and vice versa, right?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1408.357,"endTime":1409.347,"body":"So you get the other three."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1409.377,"endTime":1412.707,"body":"So at least you need a common language."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1412.737,"endTime":1415.737,"body":"If we don't have a common"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1412.737,"endTime":1415.737,"body":"language, how can we speak?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1415.742,"endTime":1418.887,"body":"And, and I think sometimes we"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1415.742,"endTime":1418.887,"body":"take it for granted that, oh,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1418.887,"endTime":1420.567,"body":"well engineers are all engineers."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1421.137,"endTime":1425.644,"body":"you know, electrical engineers, mechanical"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1421.137,"endTime":1425.644,"body":"engineers we all have our, our different"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1425.644,"endTime":1430.2340000000002,"body":"experiences and don't necessarily"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1425.644,"endTime":1430.2340000000002,"body":"understand the problems, especially in"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1430.2340000000002,"endTime":1433.8880000000001,"body":"a new domain like electric vehicles,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1430.2340000000002,"endTime":1433.8880000000001,"body":"where now you're bringing these new"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1433.893,"endTime":1437.698,"body":"components together that never really"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1433.893,"endTime":1437.698,"body":"been done, never been together before."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1438.0130000000001,"endTime":1443.5330000000001,"body":"Yeah, and you've got this"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1438.0130000000001,"endTime":1443.5330000000001,"body":"kind of weird transition phase we're going"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1443.5330000000001,"endTime":1450.613,"body":"through where you have vehicles like the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1443.5330000000001,"endTime":1450.613,"body":"Volkswagen Golf, which is available in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1450.613,"endTime":1454.9660000000001,"body":"a petrol version, a diesel version and a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1450.613,"endTime":1454.9660000000001,"body":"fully electric version, although they're,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1455.1760000000002,"endTime":1459.616,"body":"they're discontinuing the electric golf"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1455.1760000000002,"endTime":1459.616,"body":"now, but also you've got other ones as"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1459.621,"endTime":1463.05,"body":"well, like the Hyundai Kona, the Kia Niro."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1463.29,"endTime":1469.52,"body":"Also available in petrol, in hybrid"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1463.29,"endTime":1469.52,"body":"or plug-in hybrid and full electric."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1469.919,"endTime":1475.259,"body":"Designing a vehicle which can take"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1469.919,"endTime":1475.259,"body":"the different drive trains has"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1475.259,"endTime":1479.632,"body":"got to be, a, a huge series of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1479.669,"endTime":1480.419,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1480.419,"endTime":1484.8590000000002,"body":"You're, you're looking like a common"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1480.419,"endTime":1484.8590000000002,"body":"platform that can support three"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1484.8590000000002,"endTime":1487.289,"body":"different types of, of vehicles,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1487.4840000000002,"endTime":1487.699,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1488.029,"endTime":1488.3590000000002,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1488.569,"endTime":1492.669,"body":"That, I mean, you, you, you gotta"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1488.569,"endTime":1492.669,"body":"make so many compromises no, in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1492.719,"endTime":1493.759,"body":"designing something like that?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1494.204,"endTime":1496.589,"body":"Well, you know,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1494.204,"endTime":1496.589,"body":"I, I, I'll remember back to grad"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1496.589,"endTime":1498.509,"body":"school and I took this one course."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1498.509,"endTime":1501.509,"body":"It was, is more of a conceptual"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1498.509,"endTime":1501.509,"body":"design course, and, and the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1501.509,"endTime":1504.8690000000001,"body":"professor said this was his theory."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1504.8690000000001,"endTime":1506.6390000000001,"body":"He called it an axiom of design."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1506.6390000000001,"endTime":1509.519,"body":"He says a couple design is never optimal."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1510.029,"endTime":1512.1290000000001,"body":"You want to design for a specific thing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1512.459,"endTime":1515.969,"body":"And the example he would always"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1512.459,"endTime":1515.969,"body":"give was, oh, I'm gonna design"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1515.969,"endTime":1518.209,"body":"a light bulb that heats things."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1519.049,"endTime":1519.969,"body":"Oh, okay."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1519.989,"endTime":1522.779,"body":"So you wanna make light"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1519.989,"endTime":1522.779,"body":"and you wanna make heat?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1522.809,"endTime":1524.759,"body":"Well, if I increase the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1522.809,"endTime":1524.759,"body":"light, I increase the heat."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1524.819,"endTime":1525.419,"body":"Oh, wait a minute."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1525.5990000000002,"endTime":1526.409,"body":"I want more."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1526.6190000000001,"endTime":1528.419,"body":"I want more light, but"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1526.6190000000001,"endTime":1528.419,"body":"I don't want more heat."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1528.539,"endTime":1531.509,"body":"So if you decouple those, it's"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1528.539,"endTime":1531.509,"body":"an easier design and you could"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1531.509,"endTime":1533.549,"body":"apply that principle here as well."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1534.419,"endTime":1540.329,"body":"So if you design an electric car from"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1534.419,"endTime":1540.329,"body":"the ground up, the frame and the shape,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1540.689,"endTime":1545.654,"body":"the number of cross beams to support"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1540.689,"endTime":1545.654,"body":"it or maybe you don't even want cross"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1545.654,"endTime":1549.2240000000002,"body":"beams because if those are on top of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1545.654,"endTime":1549.2240000000002,"body":"the batteries, these beams, it's gonna"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1549.2240000000002,"endTime":1552.554,"body":"raise the seats up on and on and on."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1553.214,"endTime":1557.2340000000002,"body":"And you know, if, if you look at,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1553.214,"endTime":1557.2340000000002,"body":"especially early on in electric vehicles,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1557.2340000000002,"endTime":1562.4840000000002,"body":"if you looked at the battery boxes for"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1557.2340000000002,"endTime":1562.4840000000002,"body":"cars that were a mix here, that were"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1562.4840000000002,"endTime":1568.1090000000002,"body":"a multi drivetrain platform, We're"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1562.4840000000002,"endTime":1568.1090000000002,"body":"used to seeing now and like Tesla's a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1568.1090000000002,"endTime":1572.459,"body":"great example, they nice little boxes,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1568.1090000000002,"endTime":1572.459,"body":"nice and flat fits right in between"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1572.6090000000002,"endTime":1574.199,"body":"the two beams on the side of the car."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1574.6490000000001,"endTime":1578.219,"body":"Well, and there's still some cars"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1574.6490000000001,"endTime":1578.219,"body":"like this in this mixed platform mode."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1578.6090000000002,"endTime":1583.212,"body":"The, battery box sorta undulates, it"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1578.6090000000002,"endTime":1583.212,"body":"goes up under the seat, then it goes"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1583.212,"endTime":1586.872,"body":"down again, then it undulates back"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1583.212,"endTime":1586.872,"body":"up because you're sort of trying to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1586.872,"endTime":1590.832,"body":"fit it in there, but you wanna keep"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1586.872,"endTime":1590.832,"body":"the structure underneath how, how"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1590.832,"endTime":1592.5420000000001,"body":"the car is stiffened and supported."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1592.752,"endTime":1594.852,"body":"More similar between the two."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1594.882,"endTime":1599.064,"body":"So yes, I think where we are now,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1594.882,"endTime":1599.064,"body":"you're going to see designs like"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1599.064,"endTime":1603.4740000000002,"body":"this for a while because there is an"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1599.064,"endTime":1603.4740000000002,"body":"advantage to the multiplatform across"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1603.4740000000002,"endTime":1608.544,"body":"the drive frame, which is efficiency,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1603.4740000000002,"endTime":1608.544,"body":"say in manufacturer or in components."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1608.7240000000002,"endTime":1610.194,"body":"So there's a lot of shared comp."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1610.194,"endTime":1614.424,"body":"Certainly all the body on the outsides"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1610.194,"endTime":1614.424,"body":"almost ex it is probably exactly the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1614.499,"endTime":1615.249,"body":"exactly the same."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1615.249,"endTime":1616.179,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1616.5620000000001,"endTime":1618.692,"body":"."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1616.5620000000001,"endTime":1618.692,"body":"Ed Bernardon: it just goes back"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1619.512,"endTime":1623.507,"body":"There's our cost in in buying"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1619.512,"endTime":1623.507,"body":"a car, but also their cost"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1623.507,"endTime":1625.1570000000002,"body":"in keeping that price down."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1625.577,"endTime":1628.997,"body":"But yet there's still a lot of"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1625.577,"endTime":1628.997,"body":"people that aren't confident enough."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1629.972,"endTime":1633.722,"body":"Be it range or whatever it"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1629.972,"endTime":1633.722,"body":"might be to buy an electric car."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1634.0220000000002,"endTime":1636.2720000000002,"body":"So they have to hedge"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1634.0220000000002,"endTime":1636.2720000000002,"body":"their bets a little bit."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1636.2720000000002,"endTime":1640.0220000000002,"body":"Although, you know, the, the OEMs that"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1636.2720000000002,"endTime":1640.0220000000002,"body":"are out there now, we're certainly talking"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1640.0220000000002,"endTime":1643.502,"body":"the game of switching over to electric"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1640.0220000000002,"endTime":1643.502,"body":"vehicles as, as quickly as they can."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1643.502,"endTime":1646.592,"body":"But the market will ultimately"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1643.502,"endTime":1646.592,"body":"dictate to a great extent."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1646.597,"endTime":1650.0720000000001,"body":"So the eternal combustion engine's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1646.597,"endTime":1650.0720000000001,"body":"going to be here at least for a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1650.0720000000001,"endTime":1651.3020000000001,"body":"while because people want them."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1652.012,"endTime":1654.617,"body":"Yeah, but like I"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1652.012,"endTime":1654.617,"body":"said, with the legislation in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1654.617,"endTime":1658.217,"body":"Europe and California and there's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1654.617,"endTime":1658.217,"body":"a couple of other places as well."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1659.117,"endTime":1662.537,"body":"If I was a a big oem now"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1659.117,"endTime":1662.537,"body":"would I be investing?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1662.972,"endTime":1666.422,"body":"R and D money into developing a new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1662.972,"endTime":1666.422,"body":"internal combustion engine vehicle, which"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1666.422,"endTime":1669.7820000000002,"body":"I might be able to bring to market in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1666.422,"endTime":1669.7820000000002,"body":"five years from now, which would mean"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1670.0220000000002,"endTime":1675.002,"body":"that would be 2027, which would mean I"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1670.0220000000002,"endTime":1675.002,"body":"could sell it for seven, eight years max."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1675.491,"endTime":1676.631,"body":"Absolutely not."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1677.031,"endTime":1678.7060000000001,"body":"It would, it wouldn't make any sense."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1679.096,"endTime":1683.6860000000001,"body":"And it, but that's a, that's an"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1679.096,"endTime":1683.6860000000001,"body":"excellent point because right"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1683.6860000000001,"endTime":1688.126,"body":"now you have a platform that can"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1683.6860000000001,"endTime":1688.126,"body":"handle an internal combustion"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1688.126,"endTime":1690.9160000000002,"body":"engine and in four years, right."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1690.9160000000002,"endTime":1692.836,"body":"The one, the cars are coming out in 27."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1693.361,"endTime":1695.611,"body":"You're developing electric vehicles now."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1695.671,"endTime":1698.611,"body":"Well, do I just throw this platform away?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1699.151,"endTime":1702.361,"body":"Well, I still have demand for the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1699.151,"endTime":1702.361,"body":"intro, and I think that's what ends"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1702.361,"endTime":1707.0710000000001,"body":"up driving them, at least currently"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1702.361,"endTime":1707.0710000000001,"body":"to these, if you want to call it"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1707.076,"endTime":1709.0510000000002,"body":"a, a mixed platform type thing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1709.0510000000002,"endTime":1713.221,"body":"But you, you see out there in"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1709.0510000000002,"endTime":1713.221,"body":"General Motors is a great example."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1713.221,"endTime":1716.563,"body":"They show, here's  the platform we're"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1713.221,"endTime":1716.563,"body":"gonna use for electric vehicles, and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1716.563,"endTime":1719.203,"body":"there'll be a battery, there'll be"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1716.563,"endTime":1719.203,"body":"a drive, train for the front wheels,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1719.203,"endTime":1722.563,"body":"one for the back, and then a battery"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1719.203,"endTime":1722.563,"body":"box in the middle that can change"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1722.563,"endTime":1725.863,"body":"shape, depending if it's a truck or"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1722.563,"endTime":1725.863,"body":"a car and all that kind of thing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1725.923,"endTime":1730.5130000000001,"body":"And that's what's being worked on"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1725.923,"endTime":1730.5130000000001,"body":"now for 27 and 30 and and beyond."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1731.0230000000001,"endTime":1732.823,"body":"But, but it's a transition, right?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1732.883,"endTime":1734.5330000000001,"body":"You can't just suddenly do that."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1734.5330000000001,"endTime":1737.5030000000002,"body":"I mean, it ultimately comes down to a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1734.5330000000001,"endTime":1737.5030000000002,"body":"lot of the things that we've been talking"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1737.5030000000002,"endTime":1744.593,"body":"about is the more you can create demand"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1737.5030000000002,"endTime":1744.593,"body":"from the consumer to want these vehicles,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1744.653,"endTime":1748.313,"body":"then the sooner it's gonna happen, and the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1744.653,"endTime":1748.313,"body":"sooner those engineers will learn how to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1748.313,"endTime":1752.333,"body":"collaborate a little bit better so that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1748.313,"endTime":1752.333,"body":"they can get these things out sooner."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1752.453,"endTime":1753.353,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1753.353,"endTime":1757.021,"body":"And we're seeing phenomenal improvements"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1753.353,"endTime":1757.021,"body":"in the battery technology as well."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1757.261,"endTime":1761.8210000000001,"body":"I remember a, a, a great example I, I,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1757.261,"endTime":1761.8210000000001,"body":"I came across was the, the Renault, Zoe."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1761.971,"endTime":1762.911,"body":"And the Renault Zoe."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1763.141,"endTime":1764.401,"body":"I don't think it's available in the us."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1764.401,"endTime":1765.491,"body":"It's a small town car."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1765.491,"endTime":1766.209,"body":"Little four-seater."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1766.2640000000001,"endTime":1767.3690000000001,"body":"Great for running around town."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1767.3690000000001,"endTime":1771.1190000000001,"body":"When it first came out, I think it was"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1767.3690000000001,"endTime":1771.1190000000001,"body":"in 2012, it had a range of about 150"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1771.1190000000001,"endTime":1776.549,"body":"kilometers, and then they brought out a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1771.1190000000001,"endTime":1776.549,"body":"new version in around 20 15, 20 16, and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1776.549,"endTime":1778.8590000000002,"body":"that had a range of about 250 kilometers."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1779.339,"endTime":1782.699,"body":"And then they brought out a new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1779.339,"endTime":1782.699,"body":"version again in around 2020, and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1782.699,"endTime":1784.829,"body":"that had a range of 400 kilometers."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1785.3590000000002,"endTime":1791.329,"body":"And so you see there the improvement"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1785.3590000000002,"endTime":1791.329,"body":"from 150 to 250 to 400, and what really"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1791.329,"endTime":1795.614,"body":"impresses me about that is not alone"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1791.329,"endTime":1795.614,"body":"did the range increase that much in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1795.614,"endTime":1800.5040000000001,"body":"such a short space of time, but also"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1795.614,"endTime":1800.5040000000001,"body":"the price stayed roughly the same and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1800.5040000000001,"endTime":1805.9740000000002,"body":"also the housing for the battery stayed"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1800.5040000000001,"endTime":1805.9740000000002,"body":"exactly the same, so the same battery"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1805.9740000000002,"endTime":1809.694,"body":"housing, capable of housing batteries,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1805.9740000000002,"endTime":1809.694,"body":"which could initially take the car"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1809.694,"endTime":1813.384,"body":"150, then 250, then 400 kilometers."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1813.654,"endTime":1817.7640000000001,"body":"So it, it's not just the price has come"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1813.654,"endTime":1817.7640000000001,"body":"down a lot, but also the battery energy"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1817.769,"endTime":1819.5040000000001,"body":"density has gone up in the same time."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1819.7440000000001,"endTime":1823.704,"body":"It's unbelievable to see the progress that"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1819.7440000000001,"endTime":1823.704,"body":"have made in such a short space of time."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1824.227,"endTime":1828.327,"body":"If you were to take"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1824.227,"endTime":1828.327,"body":"that progress and look at it, well,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1828.327,"endTime":1830.757,"body":"where could we be in five or 10 years?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1831.977,"endTime":1834.6870000000001,"body":"How, how often do you charge"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1831.977,"endTime":1834.6870000000001,"body":"your, your smartphone?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1835.317,"endTime":1836.967,"body":"Well, it depends how"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1835.317,"endTime":1836.967,"body":"much you use it, I guess."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1836.972,"endTime":1838.857,"body":"But it could be it."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1839.7920000000001,"endTime":1842.462,"body":"Why not a thousand miles range or 2000?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1842.462,"endTime":1845.472,"body":"Why don't you charge it"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1842.462,"endTime":1845.472,"body":"three or four times a year as"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1845.472,"endTime":1847.212,"body":"battery technology advances?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1847.692,"endTime":1849.972,"body":"Those are the types of things"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1847.692,"endTime":1849.972,"body":"you're gonna start to see."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1850.212,"endTime":1854.0220000000002,"body":"And then you, you'll be thinking of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1850.212,"endTime":1854.0220000000002,"body":"this in a completely different way"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1854.832,"endTime":1859.752,"body":"if you're truly charging, you know,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1854.832,"endTime":1859.752,"body":"at home three or four times a year."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1860.832,"endTime":1863.7720000000002,"body":"Oh, and there are no, you know,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1860.832,"endTime":1863.7720000000002,"body":"the number of internal combustion"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1863.7720000000002,"endTime":1865.252,"body":"engine cars has gone way down."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1865.8220000000001,"endTime":1869.352,"body":"What do you do with all the space where"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1865.8220000000001,"endTime":1869.352,"body":"the gas stations are that type of thing?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1869.5320000000002,"endTime":1872.652,"body":"It it, it'll start to truly back to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1869.5320000000002,"endTime":1872.652,"body":"what you were saying is how will the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1872.652,"endTime":1874.612,"body":"infrastructure in cities transform?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1874.6770000000001,"endTime":1874.767,"body":"Mm."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1875.478,"endTime":1876.348,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1876.353,"endTime":1878.671,"body":"It's, it opens up, a lot of possibilities."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1879.721,"endTime":1884.601,"body":"There was a, on our podcast we had a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1879.721,"endTime":1884.601,"body":"company I had the c e o Will Grayland"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1884.601,"endTime":1889.2920000000001,"body":"of Indigo Technology, and he's building"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1884.601,"endTime":1889.2920000000001,"body":"these little three wheel electric cars."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1889.472,"endTime":1893.9470000000001,"body":"So bigger than a scooter or a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1889.472,"endTime":1893.9470000000001,"body":"motorcycle, but smaller than a shuttle."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1894.097,"endTime":1895.007,"body":"Perfect for deliveries."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1895.9270000000001,"endTime":1897.602,"body":"Exactly, exactly."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1897.602,"endTime":1900.002,"body":"Delivering people or could"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1897.602,"endTime":1900.002,"body":"be boxes or whatever."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1900.362,"endTime":1902.642,"body":"And he did a couple of things."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1902.642,"endTime":1908.912,"body":"His first, his idea is his, his"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1902.642,"endTime":1908.912,"body":"motto is, why do you need a a 4,000"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1908.9170000000001,"endTime":1910.892,"body":"pound car to deliver a sandwich?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1911.967,"endTime":1913.682,"body":"and sometimes that's exactly"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1911.967,"endTime":1913.682,"body":"what they're delivering."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1913.682,"endTime":1914.372,"body":"Or a pizza."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1914.852,"endTime":1919.742,"body":"So, the thing is we want to maximize"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1914.852,"endTime":1919.742,"body":"space in the vehicle and reduce"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1920.132,"endTime":1924.092,"body":"weight and one of the things he"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1920.132,"endTime":1924.092,"body":"did for that was he took the drive,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1924.092,"endTime":1926.612,"body":"train and put it inside the wheel."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1926.672,"endTime":1929.252,"body":"So wheel motors, you've heard of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1926.672,"endTime":1929.252,"body":"wheel motors for electric cars."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1929.672,"endTime":1932.132,"body":"But he did go one step further, which is."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1932.209,"endTime":1936.679,"body":"Also the suspension is outside of the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1932.209,"endTime":1936.679,"body":"car body, very close to the wheel,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1937.219,"endTime":1941.179,"body":"and it's an active suspension, and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1937.219,"endTime":1941.179,"body":"that's very, very important because"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1941.179,"endTime":1946.249,"body":"when you get a smaller vehicle like"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1941.179,"endTime":1946.249,"body":"that, it'll tend to bounce around."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1946.279,"endTime":1949.429,"body":"You hit a bump and it, it, it'll"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1946.279,"endTime":1949.429,"body":"actually could even become airborne if"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1949.429,"endTime":1950.179,"body":"you're, if you're going fast enough."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1950.689,"endTime":1955.161,"body":"With an active suspension, which"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1950.689,"endTime":1955.161,"body":"means that you're you're changing the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1955.161,"endTime":1960.2910000000002,"body":"stiffness of, of the spring and the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1955.161,"endTime":1960.2910000000002,"body":"dampening, which, you know, the, the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1960.296,"endTime":1962.151,"body":"amount of residual bouncing that you get."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1962.421,"endTime":1966.381,"body":"He could make that little teeny"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1962.421,"endTime":1966.381,"body":"vehicle ride like a, like a luxury car."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1967.131,"endTime":1970.941,"body":"And the idea is, you know, how"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1967.131,"endTime":1970.941,"body":"you see the scooters all lined"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1970.941,"endTime":1973.281,"body":"up along the road or the E-bikes."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1973.7910000000002,"endTime":1977.4740000000002,"body":"His thought is that these would"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1973.7910000000002,"endTime":1977.4740000000002,"body":"be perfect for the gig economy."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1978.5990000000002,"endTime":1981.959,"body":"In order for you to be an Uber or Lyft"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1978.5990000000002,"endTime":1981.959,"body":"driver, you have to own a car and handle"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1981.959,"endTime":1983.699,"body":"all of the expenses that go along with it."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1984.089,"endTime":1989.3990000000001,"body":"Well, for the gig economy, the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1984.089,"endTime":1989.3990000000001,"body":"Indigo would be a vehicle you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1989.3990000000001,"endTime":1993.759,"body":"could borrow for three hours in,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1989.3990000000001,"endTime":1993.759,"body":"deliver sandwiches or whatever."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1993.759,"endTime":1997.4750000000001,"body":"You know, be an Uber driver, whatever"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1993.759,"endTime":1997.4750000000001,"body":"you wanna call it makes it a lot easier."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1997.4750000000001,"endTime":2003.815,"body":"The threshold of, of of becoming a driver"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":1997.4750000000001,"endTime":2003.815,"body":"in, in this, in the gig economy, than."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2004.5800000000002,"endTime":2007.42,"body":"Since you wouldn't really have"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2004.5800000000002,"endTime":2007.42,"body":"to own, own the vehicle yourself."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2007.65,"endTime":2008.0,"body":"Mm."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2008.47,"endTime":2012.47,"body":"And that, that raises an interesting"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2008.47,"endTime":2012.47,"body":"point because we've talked a lot"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2012.47,"endTime":2016.01,"body":"about personal transportation and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2012.47,"endTime":2016.01,"body":"deliveries and things like that,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2016.015,"endTime":2018.14,"body":"but we haven't mentioned fleets."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2019.065,"endTime":2023.915,"body":"and I think the fleets, because if"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2019.065,"endTime":2023.915,"body":"you're a fleet manager, the, the things"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2023.915,"endTime":2028.145,"body":"you care about most are maintenance"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2023.915,"endTime":2028.145,"body":"and cost, and they're, they're"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2028.145,"endTime":2029.765,"body":"aligned well cost, cost of running."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2029.765,"endTime":2033.9950000000001,"body":"So fuel and and maintenance, and with EVs."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2035.54,"endTime":2038.72,"body":"The cost of maintenance and the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2035.54,"endTime":2038.72,"body":"cost of fuel is significantly less."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2038.72,"endTime":2041.78,"body":"In maintenance costs it's less"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2038.72,"endTime":2041.78,"body":"than 50% the cost of internal"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2041.78,"endTime":2042.77,"body":"combustion engine vehicle."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2043.0700000000002,"endTime":2047.049,"body":"Fuel depends on where you are, but"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2043.0700000000002,"endTime":2047.049,"body":"it's typically half to a third or less."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2047.102,"endTime":2054.602,"body":"So I think fleets are gonna flip really"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2047.102,"endTime":2054.602,"body":"quickly and they will drive huge amounts"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2054.602,"endTime":2056.7019999999998,"body":"of EV sales in the next five to 10 years."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2057.3849999999998,"endTime":2060.0099999999998,"body":"It's, yeah,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2057.3849999999998,"endTime":2060.0099999999998,"body":"it, it makes a lot of sense."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2060.34,"endTime":2066.31,"body":"It fleets also give you some advantages"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2060.34,"endTime":2066.31,"body":"for EVs as well in that if you have a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2066.31,"endTime":2071.627,"body":"fleet of vehicles, you don't have to have"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2066.31,"endTime":2071.627,"body":"as big of a battery pack in it because"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2071.627,"endTime":2076.967,"body":"if you're smart about how you use that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2071.627,"endTime":2076.967,"body":"fleet, you can have eight vehicles, six"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2076.967,"endTime":2081.617,"body":"of them on the road all the time, reduce"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2076.967,"endTime":2081.617,"body":"the size of the battery so you can always"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2081.617,"endTime":2085.486,"body":"bring in the one that's need, needs to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2081.617,"endTime":2085.486,"body":"be, that's being charged to supplement the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2085.486,"endTime":2087.834,"body":"others once they run, run out of,  charge."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2089.079,"endTime":2093.279,"body":"By making the battery packs"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2089.079,"endTime":2093.279,"body":"smaller, the vehicle is lighter."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2093.5190000000002,"endTime":2094.689,"body":"Now it has more range."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2094.689,"endTime":2095.709,"body":"It's a bit of a cycle."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2095.919,"endTime":2096.039,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2096.039,"endTime":2097.839,"body":"That sort of plays up on itself."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2098.409,"endTime":2101.649,"body":"I, I think too, going back to something"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2098.409,"endTime":2101.649,"body":"we were speaking about earlier, when"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2101.649,"endTime":2108.639,"body":"you combine this with autonomy, it even"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2101.649,"endTime":2108.639,"body":"amplifies it more because imagine a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2108.969,"endTime":2114.352,"body":"four person shuttle, if one of them's a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2108.969,"endTime":2114.352,"body":"driver, you take that driver out you got"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2114.372,"endTime":2122.335,"body":"25% less cost,  25% more people delivery"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2114.372,"endTime":2122.335,"body":"for not that much more energy usage than"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2122.335,"endTime":2124.015,"body":"you would if, if it wasn't autonomous."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2124.3450000000003,"endTime":2129.084,"body":"And I think a really great example of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2124.3450000000003,"endTime":2129.084,"body":"this is, and this is actually, this"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2129.084,"endTime":2134.3650000000002,"body":"example is actually in agriculture,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2129.084,"endTime":2134.3650000000002,"body":"is an autonomous electric tractor."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2134.3650000000002,"endTime":2139.0750000000003,"body":"It was made by a company called Monarch,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2134.3650000000002,"endTime":2139.0750000000003,"body":"which was founded by Carla Mondavi."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2139.0750000000003,"endTime":2141.3250000000003,"body":"I don't know if you know"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2139.0750000000003,"endTime":2141.3250000000003,"body":"Mondavi, it's a famous name."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2141.535,"endTime":2145.4210000000003,"body":"Robert Mondavi was one of the first"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2141.535,"endTime":2145.4210000000003,"body":"very large vineyards in Napa Valley."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2145.4210000000003,"endTime":2149.2290000000003,"body":"But anyways, his grandson"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2145.4210000000003,"endTime":2149.2290000000003,"body":"created this tractor autonomous,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2149.589,"endTime":2150.099,"body":"electric tractor company."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2150.219,"endTime":2155.889,"body":"His goal was to save the monarch"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2150.219,"endTime":2155.889,"body":"butterfly and so fully organic farming."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2156.359,"endTime":2160.524,"body":"All right, so he's out there doing fully"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2156.359,"endTime":2160.524,"body":"organic farming with his diesel tractors"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2160.824,"endTime":2166.0860000000002,"body":"and, and, and the problem is, is that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2160.824,"endTime":2166.0860000000002,"body":"if you're using organic pesticides, then"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2166.596,"endTime":2170.376,"body":"you have to apply them more often, and"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2166.596,"endTime":2170.376,"body":"everyone was pointing their fingers out."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2170.376,"endTime":2171.246,"body":"Well, that's great."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2171.366,"endTime":2175.626,"body":"You're being organic, but you're"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2171.366,"endTime":2175.626,"body":"putting a lot of CO2 into the air"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2175.956,"endTime":2179.256,"body":"with your diesel tractors that run"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2175.956,"endTime":2179.256,"body":"two, three times more than ours do."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2179.426,"endTime":2184.491,"body":"Anyways, in the end he ended up with"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2179.426,"endTime":2184.491,"body":"an electric tractor, which can run"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2184.611,"endTime":2187.371,"body":"day and night cause it's not very"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2184.611,"endTime":2187.371,"body":"loud, which is a really good thing."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2187.551,"endTime":2192.021,"body":"But there you now have to have charging"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2187.551,"endTime":2192.021,"body":"infrastructure and all that on your"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2192.021,"endTime":2193.491,"body":"farm so it's a little bit costly."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2193.9410000000003,"endTime":2198.801,"body":"But by making it autonomous, you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2193.9410000000003,"endTime":2198.801,"body":"can have one operator run eight"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2198.9210000000003,"endTime":2200.121,"body":"of these tractors at a time."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2200.676,"endTime":2202.236,"body":"So now the cost has come down."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2202.986,"endTime":2207.636,"body":"So it's interesting, the combination"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2202.986,"endTime":2207.636,"body":"of electric and autonomous on a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2207.846,"endTime":2211.3540000000003,"body":"tractor in a vineyard can help"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2207.846,"endTime":2211.3540000000003,"body":"save the monarch butterfly through"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2211.3540000000003,"endTime":2213.076,"body":"the use of organic pesticides."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2213.226,"endTime":2215.926,"body":"And I think the same thing"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2213.226,"endTime":2215.926,"body":"is true on, on the streets."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2216.346,"endTime":2219.5170000000003,"body":"By combining those two things,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2216.346,"endTime":2219.5170000000003,"body":"I think it'll, it will help,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2219.5170000000003,"endTime":2220.667,"body":"it will help absolutely"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2221.347,"endTime":2221.887,"body":"."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2221.347,"endTime":2221.887,"body":"Tom Raftery: Fantastic."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2222.337,"endTime":2224.497,"body":"Ed, we're coming towards"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2222.337,"endTime":2224.497,"body":"the end of the podcast now."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2224.497,"endTime":2229.507,"body":"Is there any question that I haven't"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2224.497,"endTime":2229.507,"body":"asked that you wish I had or any aspect of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2229.507,"endTime":2232.597,"body":"this we haven't touched on that you think"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2229.507,"endTime":2232.597,"body":"it's important for people to think about?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2233.361,"endTime":2236.492,"body":"No, I, I think we've"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2233.361,"endTime":2236.492,"body":"covered a lot of topics here."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2236.523,"endTime":2240.303,"body":"Certainly the main thing, you know,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2236.523,"endTime":2240.303,"body":"that I wanted to get across is"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2240.453,"endTime":2242.473,"body":"there's never a simple solution."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2243.558,"endTime":2247.038,"body":"Or you can wait for that magic"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2243.558,"endTime":2247.038,"body":"battery for a long, long time."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2247.038,"endTime":2249.828,"body":"But I think the key, especially from"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2247.038,"endTime":2249.828,"body":"an engineering standpoint, is the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2249.828,"endTime":2254.538,"body":"ability to make little improvements"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2249.828,"endTime":2254.538,"body":"in a lot of different areas to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2254.538,"endTime":2255.598,"body":"get you to where you want to be."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2256.083,"endTime":2256.353,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2256.563,"endTime":2256.803,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2257.393,"endTime":2259.714,"body":"Actually, you just reminded me"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2257.393,"endTime":2259.714,"body":"when you were talking about the,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2259.714,"endTime":2263.914,"body":"the weight difference and how that"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2259.714,"endTime":2263.914,"body":"changes the, the range of a vehicle."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2264.424,"endTime":2271.924,"body":"So I switched from driving a V W I D"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2264.424,"endTime":2271.924,"body":"four earlier this year to a Kia Niro"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2272.8740000000003,"endTime":2278.454,"body":"more recently and the ID four has a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2272.8740000000003,"endTime":2278.454,"body":"77 kilowatt hour usable battery in it"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2278.694,"endTime":2281.244,"body":"and a range of about 450 kilometers."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2282.444,"endTime":2287.514,"body":"The Kia Niro has a 64 kilowatt hour"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2282.444,"endTime":2287.514,"body":"battery in it and a range of about"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2287.514,"endTime":2293.424,"body":"450 kilometers, and it's just because"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2287.514,"endTime":2293.424,"body":"the Kia has a smaller battery,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2294.234,"endTime":2298.314,"body":"slightly smaller body size, has the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2294.234,"endTime":2298.314,"body":"same range as the ID four, which is"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2298.319,"endTime":2299.7490000000003,"body":"larger and has the larger battery."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2300.2490000000003,"endTime":2303.904,"body":"So it's, it, it's, it's, that was"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2300.2490000000003,"endTime":2303.904,"body":"a fascinating learning for me."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2303.904,"endTime":2306.694,"body":"Just that right there, changing"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2303.904,"endTime":2306.694,"body":"from those two vehicles,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2307.196,"endTime":2310.606,"body":"Well, you know, going"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2307.196,"endTime":2310.606,"body":"back to our startup, which was software"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2310.611,"endTime":2312.0860000000002,"body":"for designing with carbon fiber."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2312.797,"endTime":2316.577,"body":"When we were, and this was over 10"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2312.797,"endTime":2316.577,"body":"years ago now, that we were acquired."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2316.907,"endTime":2319.487,"body":"Most of that was driven by performance."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2319.997,"endTime":2323.837,"body":"The lighter you make it keeping the"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2319.997,"endTime":2323.837,"body":"power the same, the faster it's gonna"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2323.837,"endTime":2325.667,"body":"go, plain car, whatever it's gonna be."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2325.727,"endTime":2326.747,"body":"But you can flip that."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2327.527,"endTime":2330.647,"body":"You can flip that and say, I'm"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2327.527,"endTime":2330.647,"body":"happy with how fast I'm going."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2332.342,"endTime":2336.062,"body":"I just want to do it with less"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2332.342,"endTime":2336.062,"body":"power, with less fuel, be more"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2336.062,"endTime":2339.782,"body":"sustainable, and lightweighting is"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2336.062,"endTime":2339.782,"body":"really, really important for that."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2340.4120000000003,"endTime":2346.082,"body":"But you know, it's surprising, especially"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2340.4120000000003,"endTime":2346.082,"body":"as speed goes up when you get 50"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2346.087,"endTime":2352.232,"body":"miles per hour, 60 or above, most of"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2346.087,"endTime":2352.232,"body":"the fuel that's being used is going"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2352.462,"endTime":2356.852,"body":"to be from air resistance and making"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2352.462,"endTime":2356.852,"body":"that vehicle slip through the air."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2358.187,"endTime":2364.067,"body":"If you can get people to tolerate a"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2358.187,"endTime":2364.067,"body":"lower top speed, it really helps a lot."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2364.067,"endTime":2366.347,"body":"We were, we were involved"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2364.067,"endTime":2366.347,"body":"in a car design project."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2366.347,"endTime":2368.0750000000003,"body":"It was a lightweight electric vehicle."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2368.0750000000003,"endTime":2372.161,"body":"It happened to be autonomous but it was"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2368.0750000000003,"endTime":2372.161,"body":"for something was designed, let's just"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2372.161,"endTime":2375.791,"body":"say a city from the ground up to go along"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2372.161,"endTime":2375.791,"body":"with the vehicle, which is really great"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2375.791,"endTime":2377.261,"body":"cuz now you're designing the whole system."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2377.801,"endTime":2379.081,"body":"So we had a lot of freedom."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2380.006,"endTime":2383.996,"body":"It was amazing how much easier"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2380.006,"endTime":2383.996,"body":"it was to design that vehicle"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2383.996,"endTime":2389.373,"body":"if we said, can the top speed be"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2383.996,"endTime":2389.373,"body":"50 instead of 70 miles per hour?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2389.373,"endTime":2391.413,"body":"I said, oh, that's interesting."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2391.803,"endTime":2396.843,"body":"But you know, that really plays right"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2391.803,"endTime":2396.843,"body":"back into this variety of vehicles."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2397.41,"endTime":2400.87,"body":"If you make a vehicle that"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2397.41,"endTime":2400.87,"body":"only goes 25 miles per hour."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2401.58,"endTime":2404.625,"body":"You don't have the air resistance problem,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2401.58,"endTime":2404.625,"body":"but you have something else that's to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2404.625,"endTime":2408.705,"body":"your advantage is the crash structure to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2404.625,"endTime":2408.705,"body":"keep the batteries and the people safe"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2408.885,"endTime":2409.305,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2409.635,"endTime":2414.525,"body":"is it's much, much less,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2409.635,"endTime":2414.525,"body":"much, much less weight, more range."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2414.975,"endTime":2415.245,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2415.5750000000003,"endTime":2418.665,"body":"and in fact that's,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2415.5750000000003,"endTime":2418.665,"body":"that's probably one of the things we"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2418.665,"endTime":2423.435,"body":"didn't talk about too much, which is"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2418.665,"endTime":2423.435,"body":"this whole idea of keeping people safe"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2423.465,"endTime":2426.585,"body":"with electric vehicles, you have to"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2423.465,"endTime":2426.585,"body":"keep people safe, of course, but you"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2426.585,"endTime":2428.5750000000003,"body":"also have to keep the battery safe."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2429.555,"endTime":2434.01,"body":"Where an internal combustion engine,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2429.555,"endTime":2434.01,"body":"well, okay, you buy a new engine,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2434.46,"endTime":2438.657,"body":"but with batteries, especially on"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2434.46,"endTime":2438.657,"body":"side impact keeping them from you,"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2438.657,"endTime":2441.347,"body":"you never want any kind of impact"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2438.657,"endTime":2441.347,"body":"to get into that battery box."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2441.737,"endTime":2444.641,"body":"And so that's actually another"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2441.737,"endTime":2444.641,"body":"one of those  big challenges"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2444.641,"endTime":2448.0950000000003,"body":"there that you have to put up with"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2444.641,"endTime":2448.0950000000003,"body":"and have to be able to handle."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2448.524,"endTime":2448.974,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2449.514,"endTime":2450.504,"body":"Ed, that's been fantastic."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2450.509,"endTime":2454.614,"body":"If people would like to know more about"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2450.509,"endTime":2454.614,"body":"yourself or about any of the topics"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2454.614,"endTime":2457.3740000000003,"body":"we discussed in the podcast today, Ed,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2454.614,"endTime":2457.3740000000003,"body":"where would you have me direct them?"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2458.274,"endTime":2460.907,"body":"Well, certainly"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2458.274,"endTime":2460.907,"body":"you can direct 'em to our podcast"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2460.907,"endTime":2462.569,"body":"on the Future Car Podcast."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2462.589,"endTime":2466.708,"body":"And a lot of the topics we talked about"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2462.589,"endTime":2466.708,"body":"today, we cover there and certainly"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2466.763,"endTime":2470.7580000000003,"body":"free to email me at my work address at"},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2466.763,"endTime":2470.7580000000003,"body":"Edward dot bernardon at siemens.com."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2471.5080000000003,"endTime":2471.958,"body":"Perfect."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2472.2580000000003,"endTime":2472.648,"body":"Perfect."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2472.858,"endTime":2475.558,"body":"I'll put those in the show notes as"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2472.858,"endTime":2475.558,"body":"well so people have access to them ed."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2475.918,"endTime":2477.388,"body":"That's been really fascinating, Ed."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2477.418,"endTime":2479.128,"body":"Thanks a million for coming"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2477.418,"endTime":2479.128,"body":"to the podcast today."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2480.223,"endTime":2480.943,"body":"Thank you, Tom."},{"speaker":"Ed Bernardon","startTime":2480.943,"endTime":2481.693,"body":"It's been fun."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2483.495,"endTime":2484.855,"body":"Okay, we've"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2483.495,"endTime":2484.855,"body":"come to the end of the show."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2485.775,"endTime":2486.915,"body":"Thanks everyone for listening."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2487.425,"endTime":2491.085,"body":"If you'd like to know more about"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2487.425,"endTime":2491.085,"body":"Climate 21, feel free to drop me an"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2491.085,"endTime":2497.855,"body":"email to Tom Raftery at outlook.com, or"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2491.085,"endTime":2497.855,"body":"connect with me on LinkedIn or Twitter."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2498.945,"endTime":2502.665,"body":"If you like the show, please, don't"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2498.945,"endTime":2502.665,"body":"forget to click follow on it in your"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2502.665,"endTime":2507.195,"body":"podcast application of choice to get new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2502.665,"endTime":2507.195,"body":"episodes as soon as they're published."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2507.8250000000003,"endTime":2510.765,"body":"Also, please don't forget to"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2507.8250000000003,"endTime":2510.765,"body":"rate and review the podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2510.975,"endTime":2513.675,"body":"It really does help new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2510.975,"endTime":2513.675,"body":"people to find the show."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2514.5750000000003,"endTime":2516.6150000000002,"body":"Thanks, catch you all next time."}]}