{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3.59,"endTime":8.18,"body":"About 10 years ago,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3.59,"endTime":8.18,"body":"scientists recognized that humans were"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":8.18,"endTime":13.89,"body":"becoming a new geological superpower and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":8.18,"endTime":13.89,"body":"had so much impact on the planet that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":13.89,"endTime":19.68,"body":"we should be naming this, period the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":13.89,"endTime":19.68,"body":"Anthropocene, the human period of time."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":20.345,"endTime":24.815,"body":"This has, of course, created a lot"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":20.345,"endTime":24.815,"body":"of discussion about, well, are we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":24.815,"endTime":30.635,"body":"in it, when did it start, and, what"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":24.815,"endTime":30.635,"body":"should we actually do about it?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":30.771,"endTime":32.871,"body":"Good morning, good"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":30.771,"endTime":32.871,"body":"afternoon, or good evening,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":32.871,"endTime":34.401,"body":"wherever you are in the world."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":34.701,"endTime":36.831,"body":"This is the Climate Confident podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":37.071,"endTime":40.701,"body":"The number one podcast, showcasing"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":37.071,"endTime":40.701,"body":"best practices in climate"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":40.701,"endTime":42.381,"body":"emission, reductions and removals."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":42.771,"endTime":44.661,"body":"And I'm your host, Tom Raftery."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":44.869,"endTime":48.649,"body":"Don't forget to click follow on this"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":44.869,"endTime":48.649,"body":"podcast in your podcast app of choice,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":48.769,"endTime":51.169,"body":"to be sure you don't miss any episodes."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":52.572,"endTime":56.782,"body":"Hi everyone, welcome to episode 139"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":52.572,"endTime":56.782,"body":"of the Climate Confident podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":57.252,"endTime":61.912,"body":"My name is Tom Raftery and before we kick"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":57.252,"endTime":61.912,"body":"off today's show I want to take a moment"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":61.922,"endTime":67.012,"body":"to express my sincere gratitude to all"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":61.922,"endTime":67.012,"body":"of this podcast's amazing supporters."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":67.462,"endTime":70.212,"body":"Your support has been instrumental"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":67.462,"endTime":70.212,"body":"in keeping this show going"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":70.212,"endTime":74.182,"body":"strong and I am truly grateful"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":70.212,"endTime":74.182,"body":"for each and every one of you."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":75.262,"endTime":78.982,"body":"If you're not already a supporter, I'd"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":75.262,"endTime":78.982,"body":"like to encourage you to consider joining"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":78.982,"endTime":82.722,"body":"our community of like minded individuals"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":78.982,"endTime":82.722,"body":"who are passionate about climate."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":83.362,"endTime":86.662,"body":"Supporting the podcast is easy and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":83.362,"endTime":86.662,"body":"affordable with options starting"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":86.662,"endTime":90.842,"body":"as low as just three euros or"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":86.662,"endTime":90.842,"body":"dollars per month, which is less"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":90.842,"endTime":92.162,"body":"than the cost of a cup of coffee."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":92.477,"endTime":94.877,"body":"And your support will make"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":92.477,"endTime":94.877,"body":"a huge difference in keeping"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":94.877,"endTime":96.287,"body":"this podcast going strong."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":97.187,"endTime":100.597,"body":"To become a supporter, simply click on"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":97.187,"endTime":100.597,"body":"the support link in the show notes of"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":100.597,"endTime":103.827,"body":"this or any episode, or visit tinyurl."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":103.857,"endTime":105.947,"body":"com slash climatepod."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":106.857,"endTime":111.997,"body":"Now, without further ado, with me on the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":106.857,"endTime":111.997,"body":"show today, I have my special guest, Mark."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":112.307,"endTime":114.297,"body":"Mark, welcome to the podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":114.307,"endTime":115.917,"body":"Would you like to introduce yourself?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":118.207,"endTime":120.597,"body":"Thank you, Tom,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":118.207,"endTime":120.597,"body":"for having me on the show."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":120.597,"endTime":125.187,"body":"So I am Mark Maslin, I am a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":120.597,"endTime":125.187,"body":"professor of Earth Systems Science"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":125.277,"endTime":127.307,"body":"here at University College London."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":127.737,"endTime":129.437,"body":"And you're going to say, what's that?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":130.497,"endTime":135.787,"body":"So I study climate change in the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":130.497,"endTime":135.787,"body":"past, the present and the future."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":135.787,"endTime":140.447,"body":"So everything from early human"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":135.787,"endTime":140.447,"body":"evolution in East Africa to current"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":140.817,"endTime":144.877,"body":"climate change and looking at the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":140.817,"endTime":144.877,"body":"future climate change and all the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":144.887,"endTime":146.697,"body":"politics that's associated with that."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":148.142,"endTime":148.692,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":149.202,"endTime":156.062,"body":"So, what are we currently"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":149.202,"endTime":156.062,"body":"calling the current geological"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":156.172,"endTime":158.372,"body":"era that we're in, Mark?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":158.402,"endTime":163.012,"body":"Because I've heard people say"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":158.402,"endTime":163.012,"body":"we're re we're renaming it."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":164.587,"endTime":167.847,"body":"Okay, so technically"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":164.587,"endTime":167.847,"body":"we're still in the Holocene, which"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":167.847,"endTime":172.447,"body":"is the nice warm interglacial for"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":167.847,"endTime":172.447,"body":"the last 10,000 years, which has been"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":172.447,"endTime":175.317,"body":"incredibly stable and great for humanity."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":175.687,"endTime":182.534,"body":"But about 10 years ago, scientists"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":175.687,"endTime":182.534,"body":"recognized that humans were becoming"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":182.564,"endTime":187.564,"body":"a new geological superpower and had"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":182.564,"endTime":187.564,"body":"so much impact on the planet that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":187.564,"endTime":193.354,"body":"we should be naming this, period the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":187.564,"endTime":193.354,"body":"Anthropocene, the human period of time."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":194.019,"endTime":198.489,"body":"This has, of course, created a lot"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":194.019,"endTime":198.489,"body":"of discussion about, well, are we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":198.489,"endTime":204.309,"body":"in it, when did it start, and, what"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":198.489,"endTime":204.309,"body":"should we actually do about it?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":204.869,"endTime":208.879,"body":"And I'll give you some examples because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":204.869,"endTime":208.879,"body":"there's some really good facts and figures"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":208.879,"endTime":214.149,"body":"to allow people to realize that humanity"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":208.879,"endTime":214.149,"body":"has had a huge impact on the Earth."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":214.779,"endTime":220.549,"body":"So firstly, we moved more soil,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":214.779,"endTime":220.549,"body":"mud, and sediment per year than all"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":220.549,"endTime":222.239,"body":"the natural processes put together."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":222.964,"endTime":227.154,"body":"We've created enough concrete in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":222.964,"endTime":227.154,"body":"the world to cover the whole surface"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":227.364,"endTime":231.544,"body":"of the earth, including the oceans,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":227.364,"endTime":231.544,"body":"in the layer two millimeters thick."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":231.954,"endTime":235.684,"body":"We've cut down three trillion trees."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":235.694,"endTime":237.724,"body":"That's half the trees on the planet."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":238.304,"endTime":240.614,"body":"We make so much plastic."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":240.624,"endTime":245.304,"body":"We make about 300 million tons of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":240.624,"endTime":245.304,"body":"plastic per year, which we know ends"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":245.304,"endTime":248.004,"body":"up in our rivers and into our oceans."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":248.569,"endTime":254.319,"body":"One estimate is by 2050, there'll be more"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":248.569,"endTime":254.319,"body":"pieces of plastic in the ocean than fish."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":254.649,"endTime":259.099,"body":"And the thing that really worries me"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":254.649,"endTime":259.099,"body":"about that is we've now found microplastic"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":259.409,"endTime":262.779,"body":"in human blood and breast milk."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":263.399,"endTime":268.519,"body":"And if that isn't giving you an"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":263.399,"endTime":268.519,"body":"idea how impactful humans are,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":268.929,"endTime":273.049,"body":"the last one I always tell people"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":268.929,"endTime":273.049,"body":"is the weight of land mammals."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":273.379,"endTime":276.914,"body":"So if we take that, 30 percent are humans."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":276.914,"endTime":282.604,"body":"Well, there are 8 billion of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":276.914,"endTime":282.604,"body":"us, but 67 percent is our cattle"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":282.844,"endTime":285.094,"body":"and our livestock and our pets."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":285.564,"endTime":291.504,"body":"Just 3 percent is the wild animals that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":285.564,"endTime":291.504,"body":"we love to sit on the sofa on a Sunday"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":291.504,"endTime":295.464,"body":"night watching David Attenborough,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":291.504,"endTime":295.464,"body":"basically searching them out."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":296.254,"endTime":301.264,"body":"3 percent that is how we have decimated"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":296.254,"endTime":301.264,"body":"and changed our whole landscape."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":301.274,"endTime":303.784,"body":"So we are in the Anthropocene."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":305.249,"endTime":309.7,"body":"To give that some context,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":305.249,"endTime":309.7,"body":"those wild mammals are now three percent."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":310.53,"endTime":311.64,"body":"What were they before?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":312.65,"endTime":316.88,"body":"So if we go back, say, 10,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":312.65,"endTime":316.88,"body":"000 years ago, at the beginning of this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":316.92,"endTime":323.2,"body":"warm interglacial, they would have covered"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":316.92,"endTime":323.2,"body":"99.9 percent of the weight of mammals."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":323.49,"endTime":328.31,"body":"Yes, there were millions of humans that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":323.49,"endTime":328.31,"body":"were spreading out from Africa into"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":328.31,"endTime":335.494,"body":"Europe, but compared with these huge wild,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":328.31,"endTime":335.494,"body":"sort of herds of animals, both in Africa,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":335.744,"endTime":338.664,"body":"South America, and across the continents."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":338.914,"endTime":343.054,"body":"So yeah, so we've gone from"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":338.914,"endTime":343.054,"body":"99.9 percent of all land mammals"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":343.054,"endTime":345.574,"body":"being wild to, yeah, just 3%."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":347.099,"endTime":348.519,"body":"Wow, wow."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":349.672,"endTime":355.382,"body":"So is there, is there widespread"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":349.672,"endTime":355.382,"body":"acknowledgement now that we are"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":355.382,"endTime":359.352,"body":"in the Anthropocene or is it"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":355.382,"endTime":359.352,"body":"still being debated and what's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":359.352,"endTime":360.812,"body":"the significance of saying that?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":362.382,"endTime":366.572,"body":"So I think that lots of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":362.382,"endTime":366.572,"body":"people are now realising that our impact"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":366.582,"endTime":371.152,"body":"is beyond climate change and the reason"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":366.582,"endTime":371.152,"body":"why I like the idea of the Anthropocene is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":371.152,"endTime":377.172,"body":"because we have focused on climate change,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":371.152,"endTime":377.172,"body":"quite rightly, because it is such a severe"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":377.192,"endTime":380.469,"body":"challenge and a threat to, global society."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":380.989,"endTime":385.429,"body":"But what I think we've forgotten is all"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":380.989,"endTime":385.429,"body":"the other environmental damage we're"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":385.429,"endTime":390.999,"body":"doing, like deforestation, removal of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":385.429,"endTime":390.999,"body":"biodiversity, destruction of ecosystems."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":391.359,"endTime":395.659,"body":"So this idea of the Anthropocene"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":391.359,"endTime":395.659,"body":"actually encompass that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":396.009,"endTime":399.829,"body":"And the reason why it's important"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":396.009,"endTime":399.829,"body":"is because it gives us agency."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":400.359,"endTime":406.639,"body":"If we say we are in the Anthropocene, it"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":400.359,"endTime":406.639,"body":"means humans have caused these impacts."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":407.139,"endTime":412.429,"body":"And unlike other geological superpowers"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":407.139,"endTime":412.429,"body":"like movement of the continental plates"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":412.819,"endTime":416.929,"body":"or a meteorite impact, we can change."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":417.289,"endTime":420.619,"body":"So we don't have to continue"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":417.289,"endTime":420.619,"body":"having a negative impact."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":420.899,"endTime":423.359,"body":"We can say, well, we can"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":420.899,"endTime":423.359,"body":"stop having this impact."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":423.894,"endTime":426.034,"body":"We can actually improve things."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":426.254,"endTime":427.584,"body":"We can actually repair."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":427.854,"endTime":432.174,"body":"If we wanted to, we can reforest"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":427.854,"endTime":432.174,"body":"vast areas of the planet."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":432.394,"endTime":435.034,"body":"We can clean up all our plastic pollution."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":435.324,"endTime":441.084,"body":"So I think the interesting thing is, by"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":435.324,"endTime":441.084,"body":"acknowledging the Anthropocene, it gives"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":441.084,"endTime":446.714,"body":"us agency and it gives us that empowerment"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":441.084,"endTime":446.714,"body":"that we can change for the positive."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":447.524,"endTime":450.884,"body":"It also philosophically is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":447.524,"endTime":450.884,"body":"really, really important."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":451.484,"endTime":453.384,"body":"And it's again our fault as scientists."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":453.384,"endTime":458.514,"body":"So for the last 500 years, scientists"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":453.384,"endTime":458.514,"body":"have made people feel really small."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":458.694,"endTime":463.514,"body":"Okay, it started off with Galileo and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":458.694,"endTime":463.514,"body":"Copernicus suddenly realizing that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":463.734,"endTime":467.384,"body":"The sun was the center of the solar"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":463.734,"endTime":467.384,"body":"system, not the earth, you know,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":467.574,"endTime":471.554,"body":"and now we've got cosmologists, you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":467.574,"endTime":471.554,"body":"know, going, Hey, we're one of 10 to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":471.554,"endTime":475.214,"body":"the power of 23 stars in our galaxy."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":475.534,"endTime":476.814,"body":"And there are multiple galaxies."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":476.814,"endTime":478.144,"body":"It's like, Oh, okay."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":478.454,"endTime":478.804,"body":"Wow."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":478.804,"endTime":480.214,"body":"We're really, really small."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":480.614,"endTime":484.564,"body":"But then biologists got involved and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":480.614,"endTime":484.564,"body":"Darwin came along and said, Oh, you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":484.564,"endTime":491.494,"body":"know, that special sort of like plants,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":484.564,"endTime":491.494,"body":"animals, man, and I'm sorry, it was man,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":491.494,"endTime":494.144,"body":"it was Victorian times, angels, God."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":494.544,"endTime":498.414,"body":"No, we're just a slightly smart"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":494.544,"endTime":498.414,"body":"naked ape, you know, hyper"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":498.414,"endTime":499.984,"body":"social, but that's about it."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":500.734,"endTime":507.664,"body":"So we feel really, as individuals, really"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":500.734,"endTime":507.664,"body":"small and with lack of power or agency."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":508.214,"endTime":513.684,"body":"The Anthropocene says, actually, we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":508.214,"endTime":513.684,"body":"control the environmental destiny"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":514.164,"endTime":518.534,"body":"and the evolutionary destiny of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":514.164,"endTime":518.534,"body":"most of the organisms on the planet."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":519.174,"endTime":524.299,"body":"And therefore this is the only place"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":519.174,"endTime":524.299,"body":"we know life exists in the universe."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":524.739,"endTime":529.594,"body":"So suddenly we become from"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":524.739,"endTime":529.594,"body":"nothing, zero, to heroes."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":529.624,"endTime":536.014,"body":"Do we now decide to become the custodians"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":529.624,"endTime":536.014,"body":"of this small blue marble in space,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":536.374,"endTime":538.084,"body":"or do we keep trashing our own house"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":540.634,"endTime":542.424,"body":"And do we?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":545.924,"endTime":550.424,"body":"So I have to say I am,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":545.924,"endTime":550.424,"body":"again, incredibly optimistic because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":550.754,"endTime":558.919,"body":"humanity has this ability to innovate"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":550.754,"endTime":558.919,"body":"and change, and we have technology as"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":558.979,"endTime":562.299,"body":"our great social tool to make change."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":562.819,"endTime":568.819,"body":"And I think that having recognized"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":562.819,"endTime":568.819,"body":"these issues, we are starting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":568.819,"endTime":570.099,"body":"to move in the right direction."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":570.109,"endTime":575.489,"body":"We are starting to talk about"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":570.109,"endTime":575.489,"body":"decarbonization, net zero."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":575.829,"endTime":581.334,"body":"10 years ago, we would never be"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":575.829,"endTime":581.334,"body":"talking about the whole economic"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":581.334,"endTime":584.724,"body":"system going to net zero by 2050."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":584.774,"endTime":585.334,"body":"Now we are."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":585.374,"endTime":587.464,"body":"It's just part of the normal lexicon."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":587.734,"endTime":591.064,"body":"We're talking about how do we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":587.734,"endTime":591.064,"body":"actually deal with plastics."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":591.274,"endTime":594.414,"body":"We're talking about"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":591.274,"endTime":594.414,"body":"reducing deforestation."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":594.914,"endTime":598.824,"body":"Now whether we're doing it fast"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":594.914,"endTime":598.824,"body":"enough, that's a completely other"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":598.824,"endTime":600.764,"body":"discussion, but it's on the table."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":601.244,"endTime":604.134,"body":"It's, it's what is argued"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":601.244,"endTime":604.134,"body":"about on social media."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":604.344,"endTime":607.994,"body":"This is where the bots and the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":604.344,"endTime":607.994,"body":"trolls basically try to actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":608.264,"endTime":610.514,"body":"rip, particularly me, apart."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":610.764,"endTime":615.024,"body":"But again, what's interesting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":610.764,"endTime":615.024,"body":"is it's in the debate."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":615.384,"endTime":621.944,"body":"And you have young people going on"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":615.384,"endTime":621.944,"body":"the streets, actually protesting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":621.944,"endTime":624.334,"body":"saying you have mucked this up."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":624.664,"endTime":629.174,"body":"Please fix it before we come into power or"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":624.664,"endTime":629.174,"body":"at least start it so we can then actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":629.364,"endTime":631.444,"body":"do the rest of it when we get into power."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":631.754,"endTime":633.344,"body":"And that's very powerful."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":633.344,"endTime":639.824,"body":"We have not had that sort of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":633.344,"endTime":639.824,"body":"new generation voice supporting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":639.824,"endTime":643.344,"body":"the environment in such a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":639.824,"endTime":643.344,"body":"holistic and global way."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":644.664,"endTime":645.034,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":645.414,"endTime":650.064,"body":"But who, who should take on"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":645.414,"endTime":650.064,"body":"the, the kind of burden of"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":677.514,"endTime":679.0840000000001,"body":"dealing with the climate crisis?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":679.094,"endTime":680.0840000000001,"body":"Should it be government?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":680.094,"endTime":681.0340000000001,"body":"Should it be business?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":681.0440000000001,"endTime":682.1740000000001,"body":"Should it be individual?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":682.2040000000001,"endTime":683.5640000000001,"body":"Should it be all of the above?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":683.614,"endTime":688.1940000000001,"body":"I mean, I know I do as much as I can."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":688.2040000000001,"endTime":690.6840000000001,"body":"I barely eat any meat."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":690.774,"endTime":692.994,"body":"I'm not fully vegetarian,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":690.774,"endTime":692.994,"body":"but I barely eat any meat."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":692.994,"endTime":695.504,"body":"And I certainly haven't"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":692.994,"endTime":695.504,"body":"eaten beef in 15 years."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":695.9440000000001,"endTime":697.094,"body":"I drive an EV."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":697.634,"endTime":698.854,"body":"It's a secondhand EV."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":698.854,"endTime":704.4290000000001,"body":"I power my house with electricity,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":698.854,"endTime":704.4290000000001,"body":"there's no gas, no oil, no nothing."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":704.869,"endTime":709.719,"body":"We have a five kilowatt solar"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":704.869,"endTime":709.719,"body":"array, you know, that's not going"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":709.719,"endTime":713.119,"body":"to save the planet by a long shot."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":713.639,"endTime":719.094,"body":"So individual actions are great,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":713.639,"endTime":719.094,"body":"but I think we can't place the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":719.094,"endTime":722.8140000000001,"body":"burden on individuals, or maybe"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":719.094,"endTime":722.8140000000001,"body":"I'm wrong, what do you think?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":722.8340000000001,"endTime":724.144,"body":"Where do you think the burden should lie?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":725.274,"endTime":728.524,"body":"So Tom, I have to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":725.274,"endTime":728.524,"body":"say so much respect for all the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":728.524,"endTime":729.984,"body":"fantastic things you're doing."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":730.384,"endTime":734.3240000000001,"body":"And the thing is, if we all did that,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":730.384,"endTime":734.3240000000001,"body":"can you imagine the message that was"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":734.3340000000001,"endTime":736.894,"body":"sent to government and to industry?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":737.2040000000001,"endTime":738.5440000000001,"body":"So no, I agree with you."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":738.7040000000001,"endTime":744.254,"body":"So this idea that it's individuals that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":738.7040000000001,"endTime":744.254,"body":"are responsible for the state of the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":744.264,"endTime":750.214,"body":"planet is something that's cooked up by"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":744.264,"endTime":750.214,"body":"big business, the fossil fuel industry."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":750.484,"endTime":755.224,"body":"I mean, a classic line, which is,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":750.484,"endTime":755.224,"body":"well, we only produce the petrol"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":755.474,"endTime":757.6840000000001,"body":"because you want to drive cars."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":758.014,"endTime":762.104,"body":"We only produce diesel cars"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":758.014,"endTime":762.104,"body":"because you want diesel cars."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":762.244,"endTime":764.464,"body":"You know, we don't have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":762.244,"endTime":764.464,"body":"any responsibility."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":764.6540000000001,"endTime":767.974,"body":"So that is a real interesting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":764.6540000000001,"endTime":767.974,"body":"myth, particularly driven"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":767.974,"endTime":770.244,"body":"by the whole neoliberalism."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":770.244,"endTime":771.6640000000001,"body":"It's all about individualism."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":771.894,"endTime":773.354,"body":"We can't have regulation."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":773.354,"endTime":774.8240000000001,"body":"We can't have big government."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":775.0740000000001,"endTime":778.7840000000001,"body":"We can't have, oh, controls on"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":775.0740000000001,"endTime":778.7840000000001,"body":"people's sort of like health."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":779.32,"endTime":781.5300000000001,"body":"But I think what we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":779.32,"endTime":781.5300000000001,"body":"need to do is step back."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":782.1,"endTime":786.85,"body":"The first thing I'd say is that we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":782.1,"endTime":786.85,"body":"should all recognize it's governance."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":787.6500000000001,"endTime":790.605,"body":"Governance, governance,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":787.6500000000001,"endTime":790.605,"body":"governance is the key."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":790.855,"endTime":796.095,"body":"When you see countries are well run"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":790.855,"endTime":796.095,"body":"and people are actually so happy"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":796.125,"endTime":801.205,"body":"and you have these resources being"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":796.125,"endTime":801.205,"body":"used, utilized for everyone, you then"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":801.215,"endTime":803.4150000000001,"body":"realize that government is critical."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":804.09,"endTime":804.75,"body":"And think about it."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":804.7600000000001,"endTime":807.2800000000001,"body":"So governments are able"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":804.7600000000001,"endTime":807.2800000000001,"body":"to do amazing things."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":807.2900000000001,"endTime":810.1700000000001,"body":"So they can tax things that are bad."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":810.4300000000001,"endTime":814.3800000000001,"body":"They can put subsidize, uh,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":810.4300000000001,"endTime":814.3800000000001,"body":"subsidies on things that are good."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":814.7600000000001,"endTime":816.2700000000001,"body":"They can regulate."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":816.46,"endTime":818.45,"body":"They can also encourage."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":818.75,"endTime":822.57,"body":"And I love the fact that a lot of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":818.75,"endTime":822.57,"body":"the new, economists coming through,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":822.99,"endTime":828.25,"body":"people like Marianna Mazzucato here"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":822.99,"endTime":828.25,"body":"at UCL, are making it very clear that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":828.49,"endTime":831.835,"body":"innovation is driven by governments."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":832.2850000000001,"endTime":837.865,"body":"So, for example, why were we able"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":832.2850000000001,"endTime":837.865,"body":"to produce vaccinations for COVID"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":838.1850000000001,"endTime":840.825,"body":"within, sort of, uh, 6 to 12 months?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":841.4250000000001,"endTime":844.465,"body":"The reason being is because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":841.4250000000001,"endTime":844.465,"body":"governments in the Western world"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":844.465,"endTime":851.475,"body":"have been funding medical research"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":844.465,"endTime":851.475,"body":"and innovation since the late 1950s."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":852.125,"endTime":852.485,"body":"Okay?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":852.7550000000001,"endTime":854.3050000000001,"body":"All that money had gone in there."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":854.455,"endTime":856.715,"body":"Now, if the public had looked"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":854.455,"endTime":856.715,"body":"each year and gone, how much are"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":856.715,"endTime":858.2950000000001,"body":"you giving to medical research?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":858.5150000000001,"endTime":861.6550000000001,"body":"You know, but they were pre"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":858.5150000000001,"endTime":861.6550000000001,"body":"empting all these sort of things."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":861.6650000000001,"endTime":864.2850000000001,"body":"So, governments can be really powerful."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":865.1300000000001,"endTime":867.9000000000001,"body":"And the problem is that what"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":865.1300000000001,"endTime":867.9000000000001,"body":"we need is governments to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":867.9000000000001,"endTime":869.6700000000001,"body":"actually step up and realize."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":870.07,"endTime":873.8100000000001,"body":"So, for example, in the UK, we've"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":870.07,"endTime":873.8100000000001,"body":"just had the announcement that the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":873.9100000000001,"endTime":879.95,"body":"conservative government has granted"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":873.9100000000001,"endTime":879.95,"body":"a hundred new oil and gas licenses."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":880.87,"endTime":885.9200000000001,"body":"Now, this is completely against the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":880.87,"endTime":885.9200000000001,"body":"Climate Change Act that says that UK"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":885.9300000000001,"endTime":889.61,"body":"has to be carbon neutral, by 2050."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":890.21,"endTime":895.24,"body":"And research at UCL has shown"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":890.21,"endTime":895.24,"body":"that if we went at the policies"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":895.24,"endTime":900.22,"body":"properly, we could be, we could"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":895.24,"endTime":900.22,"body":"decarbonize by 2045 quite easily."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":900.75,"endTime":903.5400000000001,"body":"And the interesting thing is they're"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":900.75,"endTime":903.5400000000001,"body":"using this whole thing about, oh,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":903.5450000000001,"endTime":905.1300000000001,"body":"it's about cost and things like that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":905.99,"endTime":910.4000000000001,"body":"North Sea gas and oil makes no"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":905.99,"endTime":910.4000000000001,"body":"difference to the price globally."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":910.61,"endTime":912.08,"body":"We are in a global market."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":912.47,"endTime":920.34,"body":"However, if we produce wind and solar"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":912.47,"endTime":920.34,"body":"and hydro and geo in the uk, it's ours,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":920.58,"endTime":925.61,"body":"we can control the price on it, and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":920.58,"endTime":925.61,"body":"therefore we can make sure that the huge"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":925.61,"endTime":931.4100000000001,"body":"burden of the increased price of fossil"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":925.61,"endTime":931.4100000000001,"body":"fuels that's been put on the very poorest"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":931.4200000000001,"endTime":933.1650000000001,"body":"people in this country wouldn't happen."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":933.715,"endTime":935.235,"body":"So good governance is essential."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":935.365,"endTime":940.0550000000001,"body":"So government absolutely needs to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":935.365,"endTime":940.0550000000001,"body":"actually step up and do stuff, but"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":940.1750000000001,"endTime":943.0450000000001,"body":"there's also a huge role for business."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":943.315,"endTime":946.745,"body":"So business can actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":943.315,"endTime":946.745,"body":"innovate very quickly."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":947.0050000000001,"endTime":950.2650000000001,"body":"You give them incentives whether it"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":947.0050000000001,"endTime":950.2650000000001,"body":"happens to be a subsidy whether it"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":950.2750000000001,"endTime":954.1450000000001,"body":"happens to be a tax, whether it happens"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":950.2750000000001,"endTime":954.1450000000001,"body":"to be regulation and they can switch"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":954.1450000000001,"endTime":958.73,"body":"very very quickly and I've had the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":954.1450000000001,"endTime":958.73,"body":"great fortune to work with startup"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":958.7700000000001,"endTime":963.8900000000001,"body":"companies all the way up to billion"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":958.7700000000001,"endTime":963.8900000000001,"body":"dollar companies and seen even the big"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":963.8900000000001,"endTime":969.49,"body":"companies can really change and ratchet"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":963.8900000000001,"endTime":969.49,"body":"up quickly if they have a desire to."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":970.2800000000001,"endTime":974.5100000000001,"body":"And what we're finding is with companies"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":970.2800000000001,"endTime":974.5100000000001,"body":"is when they start on this journey"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":974.5200000000001,"endTime":981.6600000000001,"body":"to say net zero, it's usually a small"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":974.5200000000001,"endTime":981.6600000000001,"body":"group of people that get together over"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":981.6600000000001,"endTime":986.9000000000001,"body":"the coffee table or the water cooler"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":981.6600000000001,"endTime":986.9000000000001,"body":"and basically turn around and go, I'm"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":986.9000000000001,"endTime":989.75,"body":"feeling really anxious about climate"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":986.9000000000001,"endTime":989.75,"body":"change, my kids have talked to me, you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":989.75,"endTime":991.7,"body":"know, this is really bad, what do we do?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":992.3100000000001,"endTime":997.0500000000001,"body":"And they then talk, other people go,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":992.3100000000001,"endTime":997.0500000000001,"body":"I'm so glad, I thought it was just me."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":997.5,"endTime":1001.0,"body":"And then they start to actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":997.5,"endTime":1001.0,"body":"discuss different ways that they"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1001.0,"endTime":1002.4100000000001,"body":"can work within the company."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1002.995,"endTime":1008.6350000000001,"body":"I've seen one huge company, international"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1002.995,"endTime":1008.6350000000001,"body":"company, turnover of 5 billion in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1008.6350000000001,"endTime":1014.5050000000001,"body":"5 years go from, sorry, what's the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1008.6350000000001,"endTime":1014.5050000000001,"body":"environment, to winning triple A rating"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1014.5550000000001,"endTime":1020.0350000000001,"body":"at the Carbon Disclosure Project, and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1014.5550000000001,"endTime":1020.0350000000001,"body":"they will be carbon negative by 2028."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1021.225,"endTime":1021.7950000000001,"body":"And guess what?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1021.9250000000001,"endTime":1024.025,"body":"They have more clients."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1024.455,"endTime":1026.545,"body":"They have happier staff."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1026.875,"endTime":1028.545,"body":"They have greater retention."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1028.835,"endTime":1033.289,"body":"They are able to attract better,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1028.835,"endTime":1033.289,"body":"people because young people going,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1033.739,"endTime":1035.559,"body":"yeah, I want to work for a company."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1035.559,"endTime":1039.619,"body":"I want to earn a lot of money, but I"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1035.559,"endTime":1039.619,"body":"want them to have ethics and morals."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1039.619,"endTime":1041.669,"body":"They want their cake and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1039.619,"endTime":1041.669,"body":"eat it good for them."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1041.989,"endTime":1044.419,"body":"And so therefore you're finding"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1041.989,"endTime":1044.419,"body":"that a lot of companies are"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1044.419,"endTime":1045.519,"body":"struggling going, hang on."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1046.194,"endTime":1050.504,"body":"We're not able to attract the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1046.194,"endTime":1050.504,"body":"best talent because we don't"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1050.514,"endTime":1052.5240000000001,"body":"have a sustainability agenda."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1053.0240000000001,"endTime":1054.824,"body":"So companies are really, really important."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1054.834,"endTime":1056.364,"body":"This is why I do a lot of work with them."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1056.614,"endTime":1061.174,"body":"Because, again, the quicker they"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1056.614,"endTime":1061.174,"body":"move, the quicker things will happen."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1061.814,"endTime":1066.054,"body":"But, the key is always"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1061.814,"endTime":1066.054,"body":"back to individuals."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1066.2740000000001,"endTime":1072.534,"body":"So I know I said individuals are"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1066.2740000000001,"endTime":1072.534,"body":"not important in, like, what we do."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1073.039,"endTime":1073.559,"body":"But we are."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1074.309,"endTime":1076.439,"body":"So you have to remember it's"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1074.309,"endTime":1076.439,"body":"individuals in government."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1076.719,"endTime":1077.169,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1077.309,"endTime":1078.529,"body":"It's the civil servants."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1078.539,"endTime":1081.949,"body":"It's the politicians that actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1078.539,"endTime":1081.949,"body":"start to agitate and say, well, hang"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1081.949,"endTime":1083.8690000000001,"body":"on, this is the way we should go."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1084.8790000000001,"endTime":1087.479,"body":"In companies, it's those individuals."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1087.839,"endTime":1089.8790000000001,"body":"And actually I have to say,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1087.839,"endTime":1089.8790000000001,"body":"I'll tell you one story."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1089.8790000000001,"endTime":1090.8690000000001,"body":"I can't tell you who it was."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1091.209,"endTime":1095.669,"body":"It was the kids of the CEO who"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1091.209,"endTime":1095.669,"body":"basically changed the company."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1095.989,"endTime":1096.589,"body":"Go, go."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1097.569,"endTime":1098.029,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1098.199,"endTime":1102.069,"body":"So, you know, so these sort of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1098.199,"endTime":1102.069,"body":"things really matter, but individuals"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1102.0990000000002,"endTime":1103.8690000000001,"body":"also have other superpowers."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1104.2640000000001,"endTime":1109.574,"body":"What and the main thing is called money,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1104.2640000000001,"endTime":1109.574,"body":"so you have to buy things now of course,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1109.604,"endTime":1112.594,"body":"we would love to be able to reduce"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1109.604,"endTime":1112.594,"body":"our consumption as much as possible"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1112.844,"endTime":1117.114,"body":"and many of us do but you still have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1112.844,"endTime":1117.114,"body":"to eat you still have to buy stuff."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1117.114,"endTime":1118.574,"body":"You still have to go places."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1119.394,"endTime":1120.5240000000001,"body":"You know, you have to get to work."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1120.854,"endTime":1126.794,"body":"So therefore actually by making"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1120.854,"endTime":1126.794,"body":"positive choices and again try."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1127.554,"endTime":1129.074,"body":"Are we always going to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1127.554,"endTime":1129.074,"body":"be 100 percent right?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1129.164,"endTime":1129.5140000000001,"body":"No."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1129.634,"endTime":1130.844,"body":"Is there going to be greenwashing?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1130.884,"endTime":1131.304,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1131.584,"endTime":1136.874,"body":"But if we signal, if we always pick the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1131.584,"endTime":1136.874,"body":"sustainable option, if we always pick the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1136.874,"endTime":1143.2740000000001,"body":"greenest option that we can, even if it"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1136.874,"endTime":1143.2740000000001,"body":"may not be perfect, it signals the market."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1143.344,"endTime":1145.3990000000001,"body":"It says we want this."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1145.5990000000002,"endTime":1150.239,"body":"We want you to basically give us"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1145.5990000000002,"endTime":1150.239,"body":"products which are safer, cleaner,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1150.5990000000002,"endTime":1155.809,"body":"better for the environment, recyclable,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1150.5990000000002,"endTime":1155.809,"body":"and I think that's really where the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1155.809,"endTime":1157.299,"body":"power of the individual comes in."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1157.679,"endTime":1162.429,"body":"Within organizations and also"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1157.679,"endTime":1162.429,"body":"with their, bottom dollar."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1162.779,"endTime":1164.049,"body":"And I'll give you one example."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1164.049,"endTime":1166.162,"body":"I was at a brilliant, meeting."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1167.287,"endTime":1170.6470000000002,"body":"And a question, somebody put a hand"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1167.287,"endTime":1170.6470000000002,"body":"up and said, I feel really bad."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1171.4370000000001,"endTime":1173.847,"body":"I'm, I'm working for Primark."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1174.6670000000001,"endTime":1175.847,"body":"And I went, yeah."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1176.387,"endTime":1179.1870000000001,"body":"Well, I feel really bad because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1176.387,"endTime":1179.1870000000001,"body":"I'm, I'm working with the enemy."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1179.1870000000001,"endTime":1180.027,"body":"And I went, oh no, no, no."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1180.9170000000001,"endTime":1184.1670000000001,"body":"Actually, you are in the best place."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1184.777,"endTime":1187.6470000000002,"body":"If you were something like Stella"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1184.777,"endTime":1187.6470000000002,"body":"McCartney, was one of my students"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1187.6470000000002,"endTime":1190.887,"body":"used to work for, they're doing"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1187.6470000000002,"endTime":1190.887,"body":"all the great things anyway."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1190.957,"endTime":1192.047,"body":"You know, there's nothing new."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1192.457,"endTime":1195.577,"body":"If you're in Primark,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1192.457,"endTime":1195.577,"body":"you're right in the heart."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1195.957,"endTime":1200.222,"body":"Any little change you make"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1195.957,"endTime":1200.222,"body":"there, has huge consequences."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1200.652,"endTime":1204.472,"body":"And so again, it's like talking"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1200.652,"endTime":1204.472,"body":"to people going what job should"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1204.472,"endTime":1206.422,"body":"I go in to help the planet?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1206.582,"endTime":1210.372,"body":"What job should I be in to be sustainable?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1210.652,"endTime":1216.7720000000002,"body":"And it's like any, because every single"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1210.652,"endTime":1216.7720000000002,"body":"job matters, and everything we do has"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1216.7720000000002,"endTime":1220.932,"body":"to move towards that whole net zero"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1216.7720000000002,"endTime":1220.932,"body":"sustainability, if we're going to have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1220.932,"endTime":1226.842,"body":"any chance of actually making sure the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1220.932,"endTime":1226.842,"body":"planet is safe and healthy for all of us."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1228.8220000000001,"endTime":1229.142,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1229.372,"endTime":1235.622,"body":"One individual act that I would add"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1229.372,"endTime":1235.622,"body":"to that, Mark, that I think is hugely"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1235.622,"endTime":1240.192,"body":"important, and it goes back to your point"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1235.622,"endTime":1240.192,"body":"about governance, is the act of voting."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1241.0320000000002,"endTime":1242.632,"body":"I think, personally..."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1243.212,"endTime":1248.702,"body":"And I've said this in the podcast a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1243.212,"endTime":1248.702,"body":"couple of times, voting for climate"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1249.332,"endTime":1255.752,"body":"candidates is probably the single most"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1249.332,"endTime":1255.752,"body":"important thing we can do to prioritize"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1255.7820000000002,"endTime":1257.982,"body":"climate in where we cast our vote."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1258.582,"endTime":1261.362,"body":"We had a, an election here in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1258.582,"endTime":1261.362,"body":"Spain just a few weeks ago."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1262.202,"endTime":1263.762,"body":"The results are still not resolved yet."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1264.382,"endTime":1273.757,"body":"But what absolutely disappointed"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1264.382,"endTime":1273.757,"body":"me about the campaign was there was"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1273.9470000000001,"endTime":1280.007,"body":"almost zero mention of climate by"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1273.9470000000001,"endTime":1280.007,"body":"any of the parties in any of the TV"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1280.007,"endTime":1282.457,"body":"debates or in any of their literature."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1283.057,"endTime":1284.727,"body":"And I was like, seriously?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1285.277,"endTime":1289.497,"body":"We're in the middle of an ongoing heatwave"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1285.277,"endTime":1289.497,"body":"here for the last couple of months."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1289.9070000000002,"endTime":1294.722,"body":"And the water reservoirs are at"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1289.9070000000002,"endTime":1294.722,"body":"about 20 percent of where they would"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1294.722,"endTime":1297.212,"body":"normally be at this time of year."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1297.472,"endTime":1300.442,"body":"It's not that they're at 20 percent"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1297.472,"endTime":1300.442,"body":"of where they would be on average."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1300.8220000000001,"endTime":1304.5320000000002,"body":"They're 20 percent of where they"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1300.8220000000001,"endTime":1304.5320000000002,"body":"would be in the middle of summer."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1305.0420000000001,"endTime":1309.0720000000001,"body":"And it's because, and that's going"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1305.0420000000001,"endTime":1309.0720000000001,"body":"to have impacts on agricultural"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1309.0720000000001,"endTime":1311.247,"body":"output, you know, etc, etc."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1312.557,"endTime":1314.317,"body":"And there was zero mention, almost."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1314.357,"endTime":1317.717,"body":"There was one party, who did"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1314.357,"endTime":1317.717,"body":"mention it, who brought it up."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1318.317,"endTime":1320.287,"body":"And they did quite well"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1318.317,"endTime":1320.287,"body":"in, in the elections."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1320.287,"endTime":1321.037,"body":"They're called Sumar."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1321.037,"endTime":1321.847,"body":"They're a new party."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1322.357,"endTime":1324.707,"body":"But it should have been all over."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1324.857,"endTime":1327.807,"body":"This is something that politicians"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1324.857,"endTime":1327.807,"body":"should be talking about."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1328.387,"endTime":1331.737,"body":"And they're not, to a large extent."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1331.787,"endTime":1334.247,"body":"And, you know, it's, how do we fix that?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1336.777,"endTime":1344.387,"body":"So, the first thing is,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1336.777,"endTime":1344.387,"body":"I really wish, we could make people in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1344.507,"endTime":1347.837,"body":"democracies realize how lucky they are."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1348.077,"endTime":1351.9070000000002,"body":"Okay, so I work with people"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1348.077,"endTime":1351.9070000000002,"body":"like you do all over the world."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1352.6570000000002,"endTime":1357.617,"body":"And they are many of our"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1352.6570000000002,"endTime":1357.617,"body":"colleagues who are in countries"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1357.887,"endTime":1359.5520000000001,"body":"that you do not get the vote."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1360.402,"endTime":1360.862,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1360.922,"endTime":1365.622,"body":"And again, the idea that we can sort"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1360.922,"endTime":1365.622,"body":"of like just sort of like dismiss,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1365.652,"endTime":1368.972,"body":"Oh yeah, I'm not going to vote this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1365.652,"endTime":1368.972,"body":"year because yeah, never doesn't."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1369.492,"endTime":1372.912,"body":"No, I mean, democracy and voting."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1373.362,"endTime":1373.682,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1373.692,"endTime":1374.682,"body":"It's not perfect."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1375.247,"endTime":1379.357,"body":"But it's the best, least worst"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1375.247,"endTime":1379.357,"body":"option we have at the moment, okay?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1379.727,"endTime":1386.077,"body":"And so therefore, I think we need somehow"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1379.727,"endTime":1386.077,"body":"to educate people that this is important."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1386.567,"endTime":1391.337,"body":"Personally, I have to say I love"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1386.567,"endTime":1391.337,"body":"the Australian approach, which is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1391.637,"endTime":1393.527,"body":"you get fined if you don't vote."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1393.577,"endTime":1397.4270000000001,"body":"I mean, in the UK, I would basically"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1393.577,"endTime":1397.4270000000001,"body":"put that in straight away and go."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1397.952,"endTime":1399.7920000000001,"body":"You are citizens of this country."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1399.8220000000001,"endTime":1406.242,"body":"If you have a, you, UK a passport or you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1399.8220000000001,"endTime":1406.242,"body":"are eligible to vote, you vote, otherwise"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1406.262,"endTime":1408.612,"body":"we fine you, you know, it's like step up."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1408.882,"endTime":1409.832,"body":"And I think that's great."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1410.102,"endTime":1415.332,"body":"We also saw a couple of years"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1410.102,"endTime":1415.332,"body":"ago in Australia when climate"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1415.332,"endTime":1421.4070000000002,"body":"change is put center and actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1415.332,"endTime":1421.4070000000002,"body":"discussed, it wins seats, wins votes."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1421.4370000000001,"endTime":1427.4470000000001,"body":"And there was a huge shift in Australian"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1421.4370000000001,"endTime":1427.4470000000001,"body":"sort of politics, driven by, and this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1427.4470000000001,"endTime":1434.217,"body":"is really important, women in politics"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1427.4470000000001,"endTime":1434.217,"body":"who then empowered the voices of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1434.237,"endTime":1436.847,"body":"the indigenous and women population."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1437.1870000000001,"endTime":1437.597,"body":"Great."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1437.707,"endTime":1438.997,"body":"You know, we need more of that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1439.497,"endTime":1441.327,"body":"So, I think that's important."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1441.607,"endTime":1447.8300000000002,"body":"I also think that, parties that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1441.607,"endTime":1447.8300000000002,"body":"are naturally, have affinity with"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1448.24,"endTime":1451.88,"body":"in the environment with climate"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1448.24,"endTime":1451.88,"body":"change and things like that are"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1451.89,"endTime":1453.8700000000001,"body":"scared to raise their voices."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1454.2,"endTime":1457.3400000000001,"body":"The reason being because they"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1454.2,"endTime":1457.3400000000001,"body":"think they're going to lose votes."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1457.88,"endTime":1462.7,"body":"And the big problem is that we do"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1457.88,"endTime":1462.7,"body":"see many times voters will vote"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1463.0800000000002,"endTime":1468.5900000000001,"body":"for the party that they think will"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1463.0800000000002,"endTime":1468.5900000000001,"body":"benefit them and their families."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1468.8700000000001,"endTime":1476.24,"body":"In the short term, and again, I don't"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1468.8700000000001,"endTime":1476.24,"body":"know how we educate people to say,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1476.79,"endTime":1485.71,"body":"Okay, if you happen to be in the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1476.79,"endTime":1485.71,"body":"bottom 90 percent of earnings, never"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1485.72,"endTime":1488.8500000000001,"body":"vote for a right wing party because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1485.72,"endTime":1488.8500000000001,"body":"you're not going to get any richer."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1489.04,"endTime":1492.9,"body":"And it's it's these weird sort of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1489.04,"endTime":1492.9,"body":"like dynamics that people have."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1493.21,"endTime":1496.21,"body":"And so this this I think is an issue."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1496.6100000000001,"endTime":1501.0800000000002,"body":"But we have slipped into this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1496.6100000000001,"endTime":1501.0800000000002,"body":"really weird, strange world."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1501.0800000000002,"endTime":1505.3200000000002,"body":"I don't know if it's like that in Spain,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1501.0800000000002,"endTime":1505.3200000000002,"body":"but in the UK, and particularly the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1505.3200000000002,"endTime":1508.19,"body":"US, there are just two worlds going on."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1508.79,"endTime":1512.94,"body":"There are two completely different"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1508.79,"endTime":1512.94,"body":"narratives, which you can see the same"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1512.94,"endTime":1519.05,"body":"data and the same sort of like, uh, story"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1512.94,"endTime":1519.05,"body":"being played out in two different worlds."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1519.424,"endTime":1523.7240000000002,"body":"One of the great BBC,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1519.424,"endTime":1523.7240000000002,"body":"reporters said, it's like..."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1524.134,"endTime":1529.944,"body":"America is sitting in two different"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1524.134,"endTime":1529.944,"body":"cinemas, watching the same film, but"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1529.9940000000001,"endTime":1532.404,"body":"coming out with a different viewpoint."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1532.404,"endTime":1537.517,"body":"So I don't know how we actually,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1532.404,"endTime":1537.517,"body":"how we bring those two together."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1537.797,"endTime":1541.497,"body":"And that seems to be happening in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1537.797,"endTime":1541.497,"body":"quite a few countries, particularly"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1541.517,"endTime":1544.1470000000002,"body":"in Europe and of course North America."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1544.837,"endTime":1545.477,"body":"Yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1546.297,"endTime":1552.547,"body":"Coming back to climate, what kind"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1546.297,"endTime":1552.547,"body":"of solutions can we deploy to try"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1552.567,"endTime":1556.777,"body":"and get us to net zero, to try"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1552.567,"endTime":1556.777,"body":"and get us away from fossil fuels?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1557.217,"endTime":1557.597,"body":"You know what?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1558.457,"endTime":1560.967,"body":"What do you see that's out"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1558.457,"endTime":1560.967,"body":"there that gives you hope?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1563.337,"endTime":1567.337,"body":"So for me, if we start"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1563.337,"endTime":1567.337,"body":"off with, say, you're government"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1567.357,"endTime":1572.547,"body":"and you want to look at ways to save"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1567.357,"endTime":1572.547,"body":"money, decarbonize, I mean, the first"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1572.547,"endTime":1577.2820000000002,"body":"thing is, support the renewables"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1572.547,"endTime":1577.2820000000002,"body":"industry as much as possible."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1577.652,"endTime":1583.3120000000001,"body":"In the UK we've had this huge"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1577.652,"endTime":1583.3120000000001,"body":"renaissance in offshore wind, supported"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1583.352,"endTime":1585.642,"body":"by proper policies from government."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1586.0420000000001,"endTime":1590.122,"body":"And we're producing huge amounts"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1586.0420000000001,"endTime":1590.122,"body":"of energy, and that's fantastic."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1590.5520000000001,"endTime":1594.5320000000002,"body":"And we need to export that to lots of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1590.5520000000001,"endTime":1594.5320000000002,"body":"other countries to show how it's done."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1595.0320000000002,"endTime":1597.172,"body":"We also then have to think about solar."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1598.362,"endTime":1604.1090000000002,"body":"And the really interesting thing is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1598.362,"endTime":1604.1090000000002,"body":"solar can, create so many opportunities."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1604.339,"endTime":1609.259,"body":"So, for example, there's a company,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1604.339,"endTime":1609.259,"body":"Soli in, Holland, which has now"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1609.259,"endTime":1614.1090000000002,"body":"developed solar panels particularly"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1609.259,"endTime":1614.1090000000002,"body":"for the northern European market."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1614.1090000000002,"endTime":1617.539,"body":"Cause, cause you get so much sun, Tom,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1614.1090000000002,"endTime":1617.539,"body":"you just need normal solar panels."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1617.539,"endTime":1622.3490000000002,"body":"Whereas, we in the UK, in Germany,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1617.539,"endTime":1622.3490000000002,"body":"in Holland, We, we don't get as"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1622.3490000000002,"endTime":1626.659,"body":"much sunshine and also we get a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1622.3490000000002,"endTime":1626.659,"body":"bit of cloud, but you can build"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1626.659,"endTime":1628.289,"body":"solar panels that deal with shade."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1628.989,"endTime":1633.8890000000001,"body":"And so they're also doing it"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1628.989,"endTime":1633.8890000000001,"body":"in Singapore so that they can"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1633.8890000000001,"endTime":1635.229,"body":"check the whole supply chain."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1635.259,"endTime":1637.829,"body":"And therefore they know"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1635.259,"endTime":1637.829,"body":"that there's no human rights"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1637.829,"endTime":1639.299,"body":"violations or anything like that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1639.8890000000001,"endTime":1643.789,"body":"And the most interesting thing is not"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1639.8890000000001,"endTime":1643.789,"body":"necessarily the solar panels, but the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1643.799,"endTime":1648.5990000000002,"body":"batteries, because the biggest problem"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1643.799,"endTime":1648.5990000000002,"body":"that we have when we're producing"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1648.6190000000001,"endTime":1654.229,"body":"energy is we produce lots of wind, we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1648.6190000000001,"endTime":1654.229,"body":"produce lots of solar, but we don't use"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1654.269,"endTime":1660.1090000000002,"body":"energy necessarily when it is sunny or"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1654.269,"endTime":1660.1090000000002,"body":"windy, and therefore we need storage."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1660.365,"endTime":1665.625,"body":"Again, we use energy, in peaks and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1660.365,"endTime":1665.625,"body":"troughs all the way through the day."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1666.2450000000001,"endTime":1671.295,"body":"And so the energy companies or the network"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1666.2450000000001,"endTime":1671.295,"body":"has to actually work out how do we crank"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1671.295,"endTime":1672.895,"body":"up production, how do we reduce it."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1673.55,"endTime":1679.6100000000001,"body":"But if you suddenly were able to get"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1673.55,"endTime":1679.6100000000001,"body":"all the houses and residencies to have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1680.1100000000001,"endTime":1685.537,"body":"batteries, you can then basically as"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1680.1100000000001,"endTime":1685.537,"body":"a country go, Okay, we're producing"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1685.537,"endTime":1690.9070000000002,"body":"lots of, we're now going to store it in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1685.537,"endTime":1690.9070000000002,"body":"everybody's storage in a distributed way."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1691.527,"endTime":1693.9270000000001,"body":"And then when we really need"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1691.527,"endTime":1693.9270000000001,"body":"it, we're going to buy it back."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1694.6470000000002,"endTime":1699.317,"body":"So you can imagine these micro grids"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1694.6470000000002,"endTime":1699.317,"body":"that really work very efficiently."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1699.637,"endTime":1704.8020000000001,"body":"We would then need less energy, because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1699.637,"endTime":1704.8020000000001,"body":"we lose about 30 percent of the energy"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1704.8220000000001,"endTime":1710.0720000000001,"body":"because we can't utilize it at that time,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1704.8220000000001,"endTime":1710.0720000000001,"body":"and that includes that fossil fuel energy."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1710.462,"endTime":1713.422,"body":"So you can imagine all these"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1710.462,"endTime":1713.422,"body":"exciting networks and how you can"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1713.422,"endTime":1716.0620000000001,"body":"make everything much more efficient."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1716.462,"endTime":1717.752,"body":"So I think that's really important."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1718.5520000000001,"endTime":1722.752,"body":"I also think that governments have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1718.5520000000001,"endTime":1722.752,"body":"a real opportunity to say, okay,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1722.752,"endTime":1726.012,"body":"lots of people are moving to cities."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1726.382,"endTime":1728.5420000000001,"body":"And so the really"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1726.382,"endTime":1728.5420000000001,"body":"interesting thing is, yes."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1729.1570000000002,"endTime":1734.957,"body":"We've hit 8 billion people, and we'll"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1729.1570000000002,"endTime":1734.957,"body":"peak about 10 billion people by 2050."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1735.487,"endTime":1739.4170000000001,"body":"That's a lot of people, but"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1735.487,"endTime":1739.4170000000001,"body":"they're moving to cities."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1739.9170000000001,"endTime":1744.1570000000002,"body":"So the really strange thing is the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1739.9170000000001,"endTime":1744.1570000000002,"body":"world is becoming a wilder place."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1744.4470000000001,"endTime":1745.977,"body":"It sounds counterintuitive."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1746.217,"endTime":1748.9070000000002,"body":"More people, but less people in the wild."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1749.287,"endTime":1756.347,"body":"So all those areas that used to have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1749.287,"endTime":1756.347,"body":"sparse populations, we can now reforest."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1756.767,"endTime":1762.287,"body":"So there's vast areas that we can plant"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1756.767,"endTime":1762.287,"body":"forests, we can wet wetlands, we can"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1762.287,"endTime":1764.957,"body":"basically make sure the peatlands expand."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1765.1870000000001,"endTime":1767.987,"body":"There's lots of ways that we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1765.1870000000001,"endTime":1767.987,"body":"can actually increase that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1768.6470000000002,"endTime":1773.9170000000001,"body":"And for me, I'm a great fan of this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1768.6470000000002,"endTime":1773.9170000000001,"body":"rewilding because when China did it in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1773.9170000000001,"endTime":1779.722,"body":"the 1990s, So, they basically, on the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1773.9170000000001,"endTime":1779.722,"body":"western side of China, were getting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1779.722,"endTime":1782.2820000000002,"body":"to that sort of 1930s dust bowl."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1782.682,"endTime":1787.742,"body":"Agriculture was exhausting the soil,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1782.682,"endTime":1787.742,"body":"the farmers were incredibly poor,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1787.742,"endTime":1789.622,"body":"were basically starting to starve."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1790.362,"endTime":1793.912,"body":"And the Chinese government said to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1790.362,"endTime":1793.912,"body":"the scientists, what's gone wrong?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1794.132,"endTime":1796.172,"body":"They went, well, you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1794.132,"endTime":1796.172,"body":"cut down all the trees."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1797.222,"endTime":1798.012,"body":"Plant trees."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1798.712,"endTime":1799.222,"body":"And we'll be fine."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1799.5420000000001,"endTime":1803.902,"body":"And in, in their wonderful sort of like"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1799.5420000000001,"endTime":1803.902,"body":"dictatorial way, they went, Right, you,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1803.922,"endTime":1805.872,"body":"farmer, plant trees here, here, here."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1806.702,"endTime":1807.422,"body":"And so they did."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1807.672,"endTime":1813.702,"body":"And they planted over a hundred"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1807.672,"endTime":1813.702,"body":"million hectares in, western China."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1813.912,"endTime":1815.5720000000001,"body":"You can see the greening from space."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1816.452,"endTime":1819.882,"body":"And what that did was"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1816.452,"endTime":1819.882,"body":"firstly stabilize the soils."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1819.942,"endTime":1824.852,"body":"So the soil loss from flash"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1819.942,"endTime":1824.852,"body":"floods, et cetera, stopped."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1825.212,"endTime":1828.3020000000001,"body":"It basically also stabilized the rainfall."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1828.6470000000002,"endTime":1832.257,"body":"Because all the trees were putting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1828.6470000000002,"endTime":1832.257,"body":"moisture back into the atmosphere,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1832.487,"endTime":1835.757,"body":"and therefore, the rainfall"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1832.487,"endTime":1835.757,"body":"was becoming more consistent."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1836.207,"endTime":1840.617,"body":"And of course, what happened was,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1836.207,"endTime":1840.617,"body":"agricultural production rose massively."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1841.477,"endTime":1845.512,"body":"But what's really interesting, which"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1841.477,"endTime":1845.512,"body":"people don't always pick up on, was this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1845.512,"endTime":1851.982,"body":"was a social manipulation as well because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1845.512,"endTime":1851.982,"body":"the Chinese government had a real issue"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1851.982,"endTime":1853.442,"body":"which is the western side of China?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1853.852,"endTime":1858.662,"body":"Incredibly poor whereas the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1853.852,"endTime":1858.662,"body":"eastern side as you know rapidly"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1859.992,"endTime":1864.122,"body":"Industrializing massive cities lots"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1859.992,"endTime":1864.122,"body":"of billionaires, you know that was"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1864.122,"endTime":1866.202,"body":"working but the western side wasn't."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1866.3220000000001,"endTime":1868.8020000000001,"body":"Not only did they say"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1866.3220000000001,"endTime":1868.8020000000001,"body":"you will plant trees."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1869.112,"endTime":1871.442,"body":"They said and you will be paid for it."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1872.642,"endTime":1878.182,"body":"So it's a way of legitimizing,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1872.642,"endTime":1878.182,"body":"legitimizing social manipulation by moving"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1878.182,"endTime":1882.412,"body":"money from the east to the west to try"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1878.182,"endTime":1882.412,"body":"and support those farmers at the same time"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1882.412,"endTime":1883.972,"body":"as dealing with the environmental issue."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1884.382,"endTime":1889.172,"body":"So this whole idea that we can rewild"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1884.382,"endTime":1889.172,"body":"and actually repopulate and increase"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1889.192,"endTime":1890.992,"body":"biodiversity, tick, tick, tick."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1891.222,"endTime":1895.262,"body":"So governments have all of these"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1891.222,"endTime":1895.262,"body":"wonderful things that they can do."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1895.7820000000002,"endTime":1901.3120000000001,"body":"Again, we also know that if you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1895.7820000000002,"endTime":1901.3120000000001,"body":"green cities, that increases"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1901.3120000000001,"endTime":1907.8690000000001,"body":"people's health, well being, helps"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1901.3120000000001,"endTime":1907.8690000000001,"body":"with mental health illnesses."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1908.299,"endTime":1913.459,"body":"So there were lots of these win win"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1908.299,"endTime":1913.459,"body":"win that we can do if government were"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1913.459,"endTime":1916.029,"body":"just able to step back and go, oh."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1916.809,"endTime":1921.039,"body":"The other thing about renewables and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1916.809,"endTime":1921.039,"body":"doing all of this is, of course, it"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1921.1090000000002,"endTime":1924.3890000000001,"body":"basically means you have energy security."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1924.909,"endTime":1929.554,"body":"You can then make sure that the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1924.909,"endTime":1929.554,"body":"price is actually at the right point."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1929.564,"endTime":1935.7340000000002,"body":"So the most vulnerable people in society"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1929.564,"endTime":1935.7340000000002,"body":"can afford to heat their homes in winter"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1936.094,"endTime":1941.684,"body":"and get air conditioning in the summer"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1936.094,"endTime":1941.684,"body":"when they get extreme temperatures which"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1941.684,"endTime":1942.9840000000002,"body":"we're going to get into the future."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1943.824,"endTime":1946.574,"body":"That's just government, sorry, I"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1943.824,"endTime":1946.574,"body":"ranted a bit there, but you know."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1947.174,"endTime":1950.794,"body":"But there's solutions for businesses"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":1947.174,"endTime":1950.794,"body":"and individuals as well, you know that."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1951.5040000000001,"endTime":1952.9740000000002,"body":"Sure, sure, sure, sure, sure."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1953.7340000000002,"endTime":1959.794,"body":"I'm curious, when you mentioned getting"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1953.7340000000002,"endTime":1959.794,"body":"a battery into everyone's home, and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1959.844,"endTime":1967.374,"body":"using those as virtual power plants, if"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1959.844,"endTime":1967.374,"body":"everyone shifted from internal combustion"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1967.374,"endTime":1972.8690000000001,"body":"vehicles to EVs, which is going to"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1967.374,"endTime":1972.8690000000001,"body":"happen over time anyway, then everyone"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1972.8690000000001,"endTime":1977.329,"body":"will have a massive battery just if you"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1972.8690000000001,"endTime":1977.329,"body":"think about the Tesla Powerwall battery,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1977.329,"endTime":1982.1190000000001,"body":"which is the best known of the home"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1977.329,"endTime":1982.1190000000001,"body":"batteries, that stores about 14 kilowatt"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1982.1190000000001,"endTime":1988.719,"body":"hours and my car, which is a Kia Niro,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1982.1190000000001,"endTime":1988.719,"body":"as I said, I bought it second and is 64."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1989.1090000000002,"endTime":1994.444,"body":"So, you know, significantly greater than"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1989.1090000000002,"endTime":1994.444,"body":"the Tesla Powerwall in terms of its,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1994.4840000000002,"endTime":1996.594,"body":"of its, storage capacity for energy."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1997.674,"endTime":2002.0240000000001,"body":"If I just used a third of it,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1997.674,"endTime":2002.0240000000001,"body":"then I'm still, I still have"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2002.0240000000001,"endTime":2003.854,"body":"more capacity for the house."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2003.884,"endTime":2006.4840000000002,"body":"I still have more capacity for"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2003.884,"endTime":2006.4840000000002,"body":"powering the house than I would if"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2006.4840000000002,"endTime":2008.2640000000001,"body":"I had a Tesla Powerwall battery."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2008.7440000000001,"endTime":2015.084,"body":"You know, and so I guess the point"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2008.7440000000001,"endTime":2015.084,"body":"I'm getting to is, yeah, sure, lots of"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2015.084,"endTime":2020.219,"body":"people are going to start having large"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2015.084,"endTime":2020.219,"body":"batteries in their vehicles, that they"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2020.219,"endTime":2027.1390000000001,"body":"will be plugging in, so if you make"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2020.219,"endTime":2027.1390000000001,"body":"that a two way plug, then we don't need"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2027.1390000000001,"endTime":2028.769,"body":"to buy separate batteries for homes."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2030.839,"endTime":2036.029,"body":"So, I think the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2030.839,"endTime":2036.029,"body":"critical thing here is, one, we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2036.029,"endTime":2039.959,"body":"know that the price of batteries"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2036.029,"endTime":2039.959,"body":"is coming down very, very fast."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2040.689,"endTime":2045.289,"body":"We know that the technology is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2040.689,"endTime":2045.289,"body":"increasing to increase the power"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2045.559,"endTime":2047.339,"body":"and reduce the size of batteries."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2047.709,"endTime":2048.719,"body":"Bit like solar panels."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2048.759,"endTime":2052.744,"body":"Nobody, ten years ago, no"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2048.759,"endTime":2052.744,"body":"economist, no economist."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2053.144,"endTime":2058.734,"body":"Even the smartest one predicted the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2053.144,"endTime":2058.734,"body":"crash in price of solar panels, you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2058.734,"endTime":2063.547,"body":"know, all the, and again, it's that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2058.734,"endTime":2063.547,"body":"whole using the market to drive"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2063.797,"endTime":2067.124,"body":"innovation and to depress prices."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2067.9539999999997,"endTime":2073.929,"body":"But the key thing there is, yes, if"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2067.9539999999997,"endTime":2073.929,"body":"you've got a battery in your car that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2073.929,"endTime":2078.209,"body":"you're not using, if you've got a battery"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2073.929,"endTime":2078.209,"body":"in your house that you're not using, if"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2078.209,"endTime":2084.212,"body":"you've got sort of other, systems that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2078.209,"endTime":2084.212,"body":"can be controlled, what is interesting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2084.232,"endTime":2090.442,"body":"is you need an AI hub, because the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2084.232,"endTime":2090.442,"body":"great thing is that if you look at a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2090.452,"endTime":2095.982,"body":"lot of energy supplies in countries,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2090.452,"endTime":2095.982,"body":"there are periods where there's too much"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2095.982,"endTime":2101.552,"body":"energy, and they'll actually pay you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2095.982,"endTime":2101.552,"body":"to take the energy from the grid to try"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2101.552,"endTime":2103.502,"body":"and actually make sure it evens out."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2103.949,"endTime":2105.919,"body":"But there's also periods of time"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2103.949,"endTime":2105.919,"body":"where they're going to charge"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2105.919,"endTime":2107.799,"body":"you a lot because you know what?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2108.179,"endTime":2109.619,"body":"It's the World Cup final."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2110.054,"endTime":2111.584,"body":"It's England versus Germany."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2111.614,"endTime":2112.304,"body":"Sorry, Spain."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2112.674,"endTime":2116.944,"body":"and at halftime, everybody's gone"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2112.674,"endTime":2116.944,"body":"to make a cup of tea or get a beer"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2116.954,"endTime":2120.634,"body":"out of the fridge, you know, and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2116.954,"endTime":2120.634,"body":"there's this classic energy spike,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2120.934,"endTime":2122.464,"body":"particularly in England and Germany."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2122.884,"endTime":2130.294,"body":"But the key thing there is, if you have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2122.884,"endTime":2130.294,"body":"an AI hub controlling your energy in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2130.294,"endTime":2136.594,"body":"your home, that AI can go, Oh, I'm now"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2130.294,"endTime":2136.594,"body":"going to fill up the batteries when"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2136.594,"endTime":2139.669,"body":"they're paying us to take electricity."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2139.859,"endTime":2140.5190000000002,"body":"So, guess what?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2140.529,"endTime":2144.7490000000003,"body":"I'm getting you some money"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2140.529,"endTime":2144.7490000000003,"body":"and I'm filling up, okay?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2144.909,"endTime":2148.239,"body":"And then, when they're charging you a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2144.909,"endTime":2148.239,"body":"huge amount, going, yeah, guess what?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2148.529,"endTime":2150.489,"body":"We'll use the energy from the batteries."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2150.869,"endTime":2156.889,"body":"So, you can imagine all these homes and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2150.869,"endTime":2156.889,"body":"blocks of flats having these systems"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2157.109,"endTime":2162.569,"body":"that basically go, okay, we're going to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2157.109,"endTime":2162.569,"body":"utilize the energy at the most efficient"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2162.859,"endTime":2167.399,"body":"and most cost effective way, which then,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2162.859,"endTime":2167.399,"body":"of course, when you've got that happening,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2167.949,"endTime":2173.559,"body":"the energy will start to even out and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2167.949,"endTime":2173.559,"body":"then energy companies go, Oh, great."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2173.949,"endTime":2177.869,"body":"We basically now can actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2173.949,"endTime":2177.869,"body":"produce energy and it starts"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2177.869,"endTime":2179.719,"body":"to actually all settle down."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2180.089,"endTime":2185.469,"body":"So again, it's one of those things"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2180.089,"endTime":2185.469,"body":"that technology can really help."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2185.869,"endTime":2189.949,"body":"It's, for example, your fridge does"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2185.869,"endTime":2189.949,"body":"not have to be cooling all the time."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2189.949,"endTime":2194.429,"body":"You know, there are times where it can"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2189.949,"endTime":2194.429,"body":"just coast because it's so well insulated."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2194.719,"endTime":2200.389,"body":"So if you do that, you go, Ooh, now"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2194.719,"endTime":2200.389,"body":"cheap energy, you know, it's so I think,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2200.539,"endTime":2202.259,"body":"I think we have to be much smarter."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2202.599,"endTime":2206.819,"body":"Well, actually we don't have to, we just"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2202.599,"endTime":2206.819,"body":"make smart systems to be smart for us."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2207.079,"endTime":2210.174,"body":"And we can just go, yes, do it."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2211.3540000000003,"endTime":2212.3940000000002,"body":"By the way, I'm coming home."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2212.714,"endTime":2213.464,"body":"Put the heating on."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2213.6440000000002,"endTime":2213.774,"body":"Go!"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2215.054,"endTime":2216.614,"body":"I think that's really important."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2217.504,"endTime":2218.8540000000003,"body":"Yeah, yeah, no, fair point."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2218.984,"endTime":2219.8540000000003,"body":"I've made that point as well."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2221.064,"endTime":2224.204,"body":"Immersion heaters for water as"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2221.064,"endTime":2224.204,"body":"well when they're well lagged."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2224.334,"endTime":2225.464,"body":"Same idea as the fridge."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2225.464,"endTime":2227.194,"body":"You can suck in the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2225.464,"endTime":2227.194,"body":"energy to heat the water."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2227.464,"endTime":2229.464,"body":"You know, you don't care when"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2227.464,"endTime":2229.464,"body":"it's hot as long as it's hot"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2229.464,"endTime":2230.524,"body":"when you want it to be hot."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2230.524,"endTime":2232.884,"body":"And if it's well lagged,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2230.524,"endTime":2232.884,"body":"that shouldn't be an issue."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2233.497,"endTime":2239.707,"body":"The The World Cup final example, I"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2233.497,"endTime":2239.707,"body":"used that when I was talking to Siemens"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2239.717,"endTime":2243.947,"body":"back in 2008 when I was talking about"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2239.717,"endTime":2243.947,"body":"smart grids and they corrected me."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2244.2870000000003,"endTime":2249.327,"body":"They said, no, it's not people"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2244.2870000000003,"endTime":2249.327,"body":"plugging in the kettle and making the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2249.337,"endTime":2252.877,"body":"tea at half time that causes a spike"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2249.337,"endTime":2252.877,"body":"in energy, it's people going to the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2252.877,"endTime":2254.257,"body":"bathroom and flushing the toilet."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2254.667,"endTime":2260.877,"body":"So, it causes a huge surge in demand"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2254.667,"endTime":2260.877,"body":"for energy because the amount of energy"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2260.877,"endTime":2266.352,"body":"required to push water is enormous,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2260.877,"endTime":2266.352,"body":"but it, but, but it's actually, it's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2266.352,"endTime":2268.172,"body":"actually the two things together."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2268.4320000000002,"endTime":2271.512,"body":"It's people going to the toilet and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2268.4320000000002,"endTime":2271.512,"body":"then going and putting on the kettle in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2271.522,"endTime":2273.672,"body":"reality, which is what causes the surge."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2274.9320000000002,"endTime":2280.1820000000002,"body":"Well, I have seen a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2274.9320000000002,"endTime":2280.1820000000002,"body":"wonderful clip for the BBC in, the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2280.192,"endTime":2283.882,"body":"sort of like energy center for the UK."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2284.122,"endTime":2287.882,"body":"With all, you know, it looks a bit"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2284.122,"endTime":2287.882,"body":"1980s with all the big dials, etc."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2288.232,"endTime":2289.962,"body":"And they're watching the TV."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2290.331,"endTime":2296.121,"body":"And it was the classic one, which was,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2290.331,"endTime":2296.121,"body":"it was the Strictly Come Dancing final."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2296.751,"endTime":2300.971,"body":"And they literally almost with a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2296.751,"endTime":2300.971,"body":"handle going, okay, ready, ready."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2301.101,"endTime":2303.631,"body":"Oh, and the winner, right?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2303.631,"endTime":2304.891,"body":"Crank up more energy, you know?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2305.061,"endTime":2310.061,"body":"And so, yeah, it was interesting that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2305.061,"endTime":2310.061,"body":"sort of like, uh, watching TV was a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2310.071,"endTime":2314.311,"body":"critical point of energy distribution"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2310.071,"endTime":2314.311,"body":"around that, which we don't need to."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2314.311,"endTime":2317.301,"body":"If you have smart hubs and things"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2314.311,"endTime":2317.301,"body":"like that, and you have every house"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2317.631,"endTime":2320.6910000000003,"body":"with batteries and storage and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2317.631,"endTime":2320.6910000000003,"body":"things like that, we don't need that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2321.021,"endTime":2325.031,"body":"But I'll come back to what"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2321.021,"endTime":2325.031,"body":"you said about lagging of the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2325.041,"endTime":2326.541,"body":"sort of like hot water system."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2328.391,"endTime":2334.757,"body":"One of the British science advisors to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2328.391,"endTime":2334.757,"body":"the UK government, John Bemmington, he"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2334.757,"endTime":2341.077,"body":"once said to me, I get really frustrated"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2334.757,"endTime":2341.077,"body":"with protesters running onto the runway"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2341.077,"endTime":2343.407,"body":"at Heathrow protesting about flying."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2343.727,"endTime":2345.167,"body":"He said, Really?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2345.427,"endTime":2348.8070000000002,"body":"I really wish they'd basically run"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2345.427,"endTime":2348.8070000000002,"body":"into everybody's house and scream"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2348.8070000000002,"endTime":2351.357,"body":"at people, go, Lag your house!"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2351.457,"endTime":2352.217,"body":"Insulate it!"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2352.247,"endTime":2354.117,"body":"He said, this is the biggest issue."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2354.447,"endTime":2358.3070000000002,"body":"I mean, I don't know about how things"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2354.447,"endTime":2358.3070000000002,"body":"are in Spain, but in the UK we have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2358.317,"endTime":2361.377,"body":"a very very poor housing stock."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2361.657,"endTime":2363.737,"body":"It's very poorly maintained."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2364.0170000000003,"endTime":2367.761,"body":"It is, very sort of like, badly insulated."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2368.081,"endTime":2372.281,"body":"There, there are schemes to say, Oh,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2368.081,"endTime":2372.281,"body":"if we, we will give you a bit of a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2372.281,"endTime":2374.321,"body":"subsidy if you lag your roof, etc."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2374.571,"endTime":2382.011,"body":"You know, if we literally went round the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2374.571,"endTime":2382.011,"body":"whole country and lagged all the houses,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2382.221,"endTime":2389.341,"body":"replaced all the windows that were drafty,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2382.221,"endTime":2389.341,"body":"put in sort of like heat exchangers which"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2389.341,"endTime":2391.811,"body":"then heated and cooled the house, etc."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2392.4210000000003,"endTime":2395.9210000000003,"body":"And did this uniformly across the country."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2396.241,"endTime":2400.551,"body":"We could save so much energy, make"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2396.241,"endTime":2400.551,"body":"people's lives so much better."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2401.4210000000003,"endTime":2406.031,"body":"I mean, we have people in this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2401.4210000000003,"endTime":2406.031,"body":"country who have chest infections"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2406.261,"endTime":2411.801,"body":"because they're living in houses,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2406.261,"endTime":2411.801,"body":"that are damp and have mold."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2411.831,"endTime":2414.6910000000003,"body":"I mean, we're the fifth"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2411.831,"endTime":2414.6910000000003,"body":"richest country in the world."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2415.021,"endTime":2415.291,"body":"Why?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2415.341,"endTime":2416.001,"body":"Why?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2416.511,"endTime":2417.651,"body":"Why does this happen?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2417.951,"endTime":2420.351,"body":"And again, it's back to governance."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2422.506,"endTime":2423.8160000000003,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2424.526,"endTime":2429.2290000000003,"body":"Speaking of governance, COP 20..."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2430.469,"endTime":2432.069,"body":"Is it 28 is the next one that's coming up?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2432.069,"endTime":2434.429,"body":"It is 28, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2434.439,"endTime":2439.049,"body":"And it's headed by a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2434.439,"endTime":2439.049,"body":"fossil fuel executive?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2439.529,"endTime":2439.919,"body":"I mean..."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2439.919,"endTime":2440.529,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2442.559,"endTime":2443.079,"body":"What?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2443.509,"endTime":2443.889,"body":"What?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2444.289,"endTime":2444.959,"body":"What's happened?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2445.2290000000003,"endTime":2445.409,"body":"What?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2445.809,"endTime":2446.609,"body":"Oh dear God."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2448.169,"endTime":2451.659,"body":"Okay, so there are"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2448.169,"endTime":2451.659,"body":"a lot of people out there who"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2451.659,"endTime":2453.734,"body":"say What's the point of COP?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2453.754,"endTime":2456.224,"body":"What is the point of the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2453.754,"endTime":2456.224,"body":"climate negotiations?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2456.564,"endTime":2457.814,"body":"They don't seem to do anything."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2458.474,"endTime":2462.634,"body":"And so I think we need to step back and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2458.474,"endTime":2462.634,"body":"the first thing is to realize what COP is."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2462.904,"endTime":2468.214,"body":"So COP is actually negotiations"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2462.904,"endTime":2468.214,"body":"about climate change actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2468.224,"endTime":2469.6040000000003,"body":"throughout the whole year."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2470.184,"endTime":2475.284,"body":"It's just the COP meetings are the high"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2470.184,"endTime":2475.284,"body":"point and where everybody gets together"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2475.584,"endTime":2477.994,"body":"and hopefully they come to some agreement."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2478.814,"endTime":2484.404,"body":"So the first thing to say is that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2478.814,"endTime":2484.404,"body":"it is the only place that a hundred"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2484.404,"endTime":2490.834,"body":"and ninety six countries of the UN"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2484.404,"endTime":2490.834,"body":"get together on an equal footing."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2491.464,"endTime":2494.654,"body":"So any agreement has to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2491.464,"endTime":2494.654,"body":"be agreed by all parties."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2495.109,"endTime":2495.469,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2495.869,"endTime":2499.439,"body":"So that means that it's not democratic."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2499.449,"endTime":2500.859,"body":"It's not like the majority."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2500.859,"endTime":2505.209,"body":"So, country, big country"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2500.859,"endTime":2505.209,"body":"blocks like China or the U."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2505.209,"endTime":2505.389,"body":"S."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2505.399,"endTime":2506.819,"body":"can't push anything through."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2507.469,"endTime":2510.419,"body":"Everybody, including the smallest"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2507.469,"endTime":2510.419,"body":"countries, have to agree."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2510.429,"endTime":2511.379,"body":"So it's by consensus."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2511.839,"endTime":2513.959,"body":"So that's a really unique"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2511.839,"endTime":2513.959,"body":"and interesting thing."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2514.5190000000002,"endTime":2518.5190000000002,"body":"The second thing is that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2514.5190000000002,"endTime":2518.5190000000002,"body":"it is four meetings in one."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2519.3540000000003,"endTime":2522.504,"body":"So right in the middle, in the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2519.3540000000003,"endTime":2522.504,"body":"hub, you have the negotiations."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2522.504,"endTime":2526.314,"body":"You have all the diplomats from"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2522.504,"endTime":2526.314,"body":"all the countries sitting in and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2526.314,"endTime":2527.8940000000002,"body":"trying to actually organize things."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2528.784,"endTime":2531.804,"body":"And then outside of that,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2528.784,"endTime":2531.804,"body":"you have the pavilions."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2532.204,"endTime":2535.794,"body":"So this is literally"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2532.204,"endTime":2535.794,"body":"a climate change expo."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2535.794,"endTime":2541.034,"body":"So you have everybody like the World"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2535.794,"endTime":2541.034,"body":"Bank, you have the FAO, you have the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2541.044,"endTime":2547.444,"body":"indigenous people, you have the youth, you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2541.044,"endTime":2547.444,"body":"have everybody there who are then talking"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2547.444,"endTime":2549.544,"body":"to each other, and to the countries."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2549.914,"endTime":2555.7690000000002,"body":"So lots of business gets done, sorting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2549.914,"endTime":2555.7690000000002,"body":"out movement of money, support, grants,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2556.059,"endTime":2559.619,"body":"which sometimes has something to do with"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2556.059,"endTime":2559.619,"body":"climate change, but then is sometimes"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2559.619,"endTime":2561.559,"body":"to do with all the other sustainability."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2561.869,"endTime":2565.279,"body":"And it's one of the places that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2561.869,"endTime":2565.279,"body":"everybody knows to turn up,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2565.7490000000003,"endTime":2566.779,"body":"and everybody will be there."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2567.689,"endTime":2573.609,"body":"The other thing is around COP, usually,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2567.689,"endTime":2573.609,"body":"didn't happen in Egypt, but in most places"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2573.839,"endTime":2576.879,"body":"you then have a huge envelope of business."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2577.149,"endTime":2581.639,"body":"So business literally comes to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2577.149,"endTime":2581.639,"body":"town, sets up, and goes, oh great,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2582.149,"endTime":2585.879,"body":"we know that the negotiators, all"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2582.149,"endTime":2585.879,"body":"these organizations are there, but"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2585.959,"endTime":2587.259,"body":"we also know all the other business."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2587.709,"endTime":2591.599,"body":"So lots of business gets there to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2587.709,"endTime":2591.599,"body":"promote their sustainability, promote"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2591.629,"endTime":2595.139,"body":"their climate change agenda, and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2591.629,"endTime":2595.139,"body":"also work with other companies."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2595.489,"endTime":2598.699,"body":"And then the fourth"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2595.489,"endTime":2598.699,"body":"meeting, is civil society."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2599.339,"endTime":2605.039,"body":"So at Glasgow COP26, huge"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2599.339,"endTime":2605.039,"body":"amount of protests, okay."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2605.419,"endTime":2611.036,"body":"I was there and on the Friday"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2605.419,"endTime":2611.036,"body":"we had, the Friday, strikes led"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2611.0860000000002,"endTime":2612.196,"body":"by, of course, Greta Thunberg."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2613.246,"endTime":2614.446,"body":"And I thought that was huge."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2614.456,"endTime":2616.476,"body":"I mean, youth just kept coming."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2617.246,"endTime":2619.306,"body":"Yeah, until the Saturday."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2619.886,"endTime":2625.456,"body":"The Saturday, then everybody came"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2619.886,"endTime":2625.456,"body":"out and literally I stood on a corner"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2625.466,"endTime":2629.416,"body":"in the main street of Glasgow and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2625.466,"endTime":2629.416,"body":"the people literally kept coming."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2629.636,"endTime":2633.966,"body":"We had an 80 year old with his"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2629.636,"endTime":2633.966,"body":"walking stick and I hoped he was"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2633.966,"endTime":2635.386,"body":"going to get to the end of the march."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2635.686,"endTime":2637.686,"body":"To families with little kids."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2637.686,"endTime":2643.186,"body":"You know, this was a huge display and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2637.686,"endTime":2643.186,"body":"what it said was to all the politicians,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2643.446,"endTime":2649.071,"body":"this is important, but also you have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2643.446,"endTime":2649.071,"body":"microprotests about particular countries."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2649.081,"endTime":2652.081,"body":"So you have people protesting about"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2649.081,"endTime":2652.081,"body":"human rights and things like that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2652.411,"endTime":2658.591,"body":"So COP is four meetings in one and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2652.411,"endTime":2658.591,"body":"it has actually achieved things."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2658.621,"endTime":2663.991,"body":"I know it sounds like it hasn't"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2658.621,"endTime":2663.991,"body":"but in Paris in 2015 and I have"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2663.991,"endTime":2668.096,"body":"to take a deep breath because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2663.991,"endTime":2668.096,"body":"The French were magnificent."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2668.096,"endTime":2671.716,"body":"Ok, I hate to say that as an"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2668.096,"endTime":2671.716,"body":"Englishman, but they were incredible."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2671.956,"endTime":2677.0860000000002,"body":"They did the international politics"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2671.956,"endTime":2677.0860000000002,"body":"beautifully because sometimes you don't"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2677.0860000000002,"endTime":2682.506,"body":"do it directly, but you get president of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2677.0860000000002,"endTime":2682.506,"body":"country A to phone up president of country"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2682.516,"endTime":2685.106,"body":"B to say, why are you blocking something?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2685.106,"endTime":2685.846,"body":"And they were great."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2686.386,"endTime":2690.926,"body":"So what we got was an international"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2686.386,"endTime":2690.926,"body":"agreement signed by all the countries"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2690.926,"endTime":2696.576,"body":"of the UN that says we, the leaders"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2690.926,"endTime":2696.576,"body":"of the world, pledge to keep climate"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2696.576,"endTime":2705.326,"body":"change to two degrees warming and, if"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2696.576,"endTime":2705.326,"body":"possible, try to keep it below 1.5."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2706.3360000000002,"endTime":2707.176,"body":"That's huge."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2707.676,"endTime":2712.536,"body":"And the interesting thing is, we're"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2707.676,"endTime":2712.536,"body":"at 1.2 now, so 1.5 is pretty close,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2713.146,"endTime":2717.756,"body":"and the weird thing is with El Nino"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2713.146,"endTime":2717.756,"body":"kicking off, we're likely to perhaps"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2717.786,"endTime":2720.476,"body":"push through 1.5 but then drop back."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2721.006,"endTime":2725.746,"body":"But it's then, this idea"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2721.006,"endTime":2725.746,"body":"came about of net zero."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2726.326,"endTime":2731.766,"body":"Prior to Paris, it was, well, UK was"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2726.326,"endTime":2731.766,"body":"going to reduce by 70 percent of its"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2731.766,"endTime":2735.876,"body":"1990 levels, and we were all talking"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2731.766,"endTime":2735.876,"body":"about all these little changes."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2737.0860000000002,"endTime":2742.766,"body":"After Paris, everybody talks about net"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2737.0860000000002,"endTime":2742.766,"body":"zero, which is we are going to get to zero"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2742.856,"endTime":2744.366,"body":"sometime in the middle of the century."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2745.366,"endTime":2752.146,"body":"And we have Western Europe and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2745.366,"endTime":2752.146,"body":"Britain will be net zero by 2050."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2752.916,"endTime":2754.846,"body":"Supposedly so will the USA."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2755.606,"endTime":2757.2960000000003,"body":"China by 2060."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2757.661,"endTime":2759.351,"body":"and India by 2070."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2759.871,"endTime":2766.811,"body":"We have 90 percent of the world's"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2759.871,"endTime":2766.811,"body":"GDP under a net zero pledge."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2767.391,"endTime":2768.361,"body":"Okay, that's great."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2769.471,"endTime":2770.491,"body":"Are we going to do it?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2771.401,"endTime":2772.451,"body":"That's another matter."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2773.1910000000003,"endTime":2777.131,"body":"I also would say one of the most"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2773.1910000000003,"endTime":2777.131,"body":"interesting things is if I was talking"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2777.161,"endTime":2783.146,"body":"to you about this about 10 years ago, we"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2777.161,"endTime":2783.146,"body":"would be worried about the apocalypse."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2783.5460000000003,"endTime":2787.986,"body":"Four to five, possibly six degrees"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2783.5460000000003,"endTime":2787.986,"body":"warming by the end of the century,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2787.986,"endTime":2790.206,"body":"which would be literally hell on earth."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2790.876,"endTime":2797.246,"body":"However, now, because of climate policies"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2790.876,"endTime":2797.246,"body":"that are already in process, and all"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2797.276,"endTime":2802.126,"body":"the shift in the economy, which is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2797.276,"endTime":2802.126,"body":"renewables are cheaper, we're now looking"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2802.166,"endTime":2806.756,"body":"at, say, three, three and a half degrees"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2802.166,"endTime":2806.756,"body":"warming by the end of the century."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2807.226,"endTime":2813.062,"body":"Now, if all of those pledges which"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2807.226,"endTime":2813.062,"body":"are called NDCs, National Determined"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2813.112,"endTime":2818.622,"body":"Contributions at the COP meeting"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2813.112,"endTime":2818.622,"body":"at Glasgow, if they all come off,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2818.9320000000002,"endTime":2823.592,"body":"then we're looking at, say, 2 and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2818.9320000000002,"endTime":2823.592,"body":"a half to 2.8 degrees warming."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2823.632,"endTime":2828.652,"body":"Now, that's still too hot, but"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2823.632,"endTime":2828.652,"body":"it's a lot better than 4 or 5."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2829.002,"endTime":2833.6420000000003,"body":"So, we have moved the dial, but what"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2829.002,"endTime":2833.6420000000003,"body":"we're trying to do now is move the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2833.652,"endTime":2838.967,"body":"dial even further so we can actually"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2833.652,"endTime":2838.967,"body":"get back on track for the 1.5,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2838.987,"endTime":2840.797,"body":"but at least the two degree world."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2841.3070000000002,"endTime":2844.927,"body":"And again, countries"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2841.3070000000002,"endTime":2844.927,"body":"don't want to lose face."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2845.337,"endTime":2849.747,"body":"So I have no idea what's going to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2845.337,"endTime":2849.747,"body":"happen in the United Arab Emirates, in"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2849.757,"endTime":2857.562,"body":"Dubai, because it's led by the head of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2849.757,"endTime":2857.562,"body":"their own oil and gas company, who is a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2857.562,"endTime":2862.702,"body":"committed person who is trying to take"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2857.562,"endTime":2862.702,"body":"his country to net zero as quickly as"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2862.702,"endTime":2864.9120000000003,"body":"possible while exporting more oil and gas."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2865.282,"endTime":2866.592,"body":"So we have this dichotomy."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2866.792,"endTime":2869.832,"body":"So, somebody asked me last"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2866.792,"endTime":2869.832,"body":"night going, what do you think"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2869.832,"endTime":2871.4320000000002,"body":"is going to happen at COP28?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2871.982,"endTime":2877.322,"body":"And I literally went, unlike"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2871.982,"endTime":2877.322,"body":"every other COP, I have no idea."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2882.697,"endTime":2883.067,"body":"Oh dear."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2884.917,"endTime":2889.237,"body":"What that, well, no, because it's not"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2884.917,"endTime":2889.237,"body":"like Egypt where I realized that sort"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2889.237,"endTime":2893.177,"body":"of like the Egyptians had no idea"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2889.237,"endTime":2893.177,"body":"how to run international diplomacy."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2893.477,"endTime":2897.5370000000003,"body":"They're being heavily influenced"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2893.477,"endTime":2897.5370000000003,"body":"by countries of the region."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2897.907,"endTime":2901.897,"body":"And literally for the whole of that"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2897.907,"endTime":2901.897,"body":"meeting, everybody was fighting a rear"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2901.897,"endTime":2907.572,"body":"guard action to keep all the gains"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2901.897,"endTime":2907.572,"body":"that we made from Glasgow on the books"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2907.622,"endTime":2908.962,"body":"because they're trying to undo those."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2909.582,"endTime":2914.522,"body":"And so it was, it was one of those"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2909.582,"endTime":2914.522,"body":"meetings which was just literally"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2914.532,"endTime":2915.712,"body":"fighting a rear guard action."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2915.712,"endTime":2917.092,"body":"No, we're going to keep that,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2915.712,"endTime":2917.092,"body":"going to keep that, going to"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2917.092,"endTime":2918.122,"body":"keep that going to keep that."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2918.542,"endTime":2921.462,"body":"It also was very weird because it"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2918.542,"endTime":2921.462,"body":"was like being in a prison camp."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2921.9120000000003,"endTime":2923.592,"body":"Literally went from your hotel."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2923.852,"endTime":2927.772,"body":"You basically took a taxi or"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2923.852,"endTime":2927.772,"body":"the official bus to the center."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2927.982,"endTime":2935.067,"body":"You were not allowed out and every half a"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2927.982,"endTime":2935.067,"body":"mile there were literally, men all dressed"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2935.067,"endTime":2940.247,"body":"in military black with a gun with a little"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2935.067,"endTime":2940.247,"body":"sunshade over the top of them, basically"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2940.247,"endTime":2946.127,"body":"looking like dark stormtroopers, you know,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2940.247,"endTime":2946.127,"body":"it was, so, so it's a very, that, that I"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2946.127,"endTime":2947.677,"body":"knew exactly what we were going to get."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2948.427,"endTime":2952.987,"body":"Glasgow, we were all very optimistic"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2948.427,"endTime":2952.987,"body":"and we got almost all we wanted out of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2952.987,"endTime":2955.127,"body":"Glasgow, when we're being realistic."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2955.687,"endTime":2962.8920000000003,"body":"But yeah, so that's why I say with the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2955.687,"endTime":2962.8920000000003,"body":"UAE, I have, No, I mean, personally,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2962.8920000000003,"endTime":2967.782,"body":"I think that they are going to really"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2962.8920000000003,"endTime":2967.782,"body":"push for an international agreement"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2967.802,"endTime":2968.962,"body":"because they don't want to lose face."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2969.722,"endTime":2974.012,"body":"Because the whole eyes of the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2969.722,"endTime":2974.012,"body":"world and media and because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2974.012,"endTime":2975.352,"body":"they've moved the timing."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2976.242,"endTime":2979.752,"body":"So Egypt was unfortunate because"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2976.242,"endTime":2979.752,"body":"they didn't understand timing."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2980.052,"endTime":2981.792,"body":"So the first week was during the, the U."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2981.792,"endTime":2982.012,"body":"S."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2982.012,"endTime":2982.952,"body":"midterm election."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2982.952,"endTime":2985.232,"body":"So nobody cared about climate."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2985.312,"endTime":2987.152,"body":"They were all worried about"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2985.312,"endTime":2987.152,"body":"what was happening in the U."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2987.152,"endTime":2987.3920000000003,"body":"S."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2987.8920000000003,"endTime":2988.832,"body":"The second week."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2989.2670000000003,"endTime":2991.317,"body":"The weekend where there's"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2989.2670000000003,"endTime":2991.317,"body":"usually the big announcements"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2991.5570000000002,"endTime":2993.357,"body":"was the start of the World Cup."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2994.207,"endTime":2995.107,"body":"So nobody cares."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2995.297,"endTime":2999.137,"body":"I mean, you've got to understand"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2995.297,"endTime":2999.137,"body":"how the world works, okay?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2999.447,"endTime":3003.7870000000003,"body":"Oh, and in the middle, I forgot,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":2999.447,"endTime":3003.7870000000003,"body":"there was the G8 meeting on the"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3003.7870000000003,"endTime":3005.967,"body":"other side of the world, in Bali."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3006.337,"endTime":3009.927,"body":"It's like, so the world leaders,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3006.337,"endTime":3009.927,"body":"only Lula, bless him, came"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3009.937,"endTime":3012.697,"body":"back and actually was attended."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3012.947,"endTime":3015.2870000000003,"body":"So this one, they've"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3012.947,"endTime":3015.2870000000003,"body":"obviously clearly moved."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3015.652,"endTime":3020.0860000000002,"body":"So it doesn't clash with the G8, all"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3015.652,"endTime":3020.0860000000002,"body":"the world leaders can be there, and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3020.0860000000002,"endTime":3025.556,"body":"actually it, it will be them showing"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3020.0860000000002,"endTime":3025.556,"body":"themselves off to the whole world."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3026.056,"endTime":3031.376,"body":"And the whole world's media will be there"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3026.056,"endTime":3031.376,"body":"watching, so there's a lot of pressure on"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3031.376,"endTime":3036.726,"body":"them to at least appear to have supported"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3031.376,"endTime":3036.726,"body":"climate change and made a difference."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3037.676,"endTime":3038.506,"body":"Cool, cool."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3039.216,"endTime":3041.636,"body":"Mark, we're coming towards"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3039.216,"endTime":3041.636,"body":"the end of the podcast now."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3041.876,"endTime":3045.136,"body":"Is there any question I haven't"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3041.876,"endTime":3045.136,"body":"asked that you wish I had?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3045.136,"endTime":3047.736,"body":"Or any aspect of this we haven't"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3045.136,"endTime":3047.736,"body":"touched on that you think it's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3047.736,"endTime":3049.496,"body":"important for people to be aware of?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3051.176,"endTime":3054.886,"body":"I, I think the most important"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3051.176,"endTime":3054.886,"body":"thing that people should be aware of is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3055.271,"endTime":3062.121,"body":"that we have agency, we are very powerful,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3055.271,"endTime":3062.121,"body":"and the more you talk to people, the more"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3062.121,"endTime":3063.9210000000003,"body":"you find that they all think like you."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3064.341,"endTime":3068.411,"body":"And actually, when you start in your"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3064.341,"endTime":3068.411,"body":"small organization, perhaps your church"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3068.4410000000003,"endTime":3072.891,"body":"congregation, your sports club, or your"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3068.4410000000003,"endTime":3072.891,"body":"work, if you start talking to people,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3073.041,"endTime":3078.136,"body":"then you can actually make very positive"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3073.041,"endTime":3078.136,"body":"changes and actually move the dial."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3078.436,"endTime":3079.756,"body":"And I think that's what we forget."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3079.766,"endTime":3083.736,"body":"We're ultra social creatures and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3079.766,"endTime":3083.736,"body":"actually working in teams and working"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3083.736,"endTime":3089.676,"body":"together for collective things is"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3083.736,"endTime":3089.676,"body":"really good for us, society, and of"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3089.746,"endTime":3091.166,"body":"course our own mental well being."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3093.866,"endTime":3097.236,"body":"Mark, if people would like"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3093.866,"endTime":3097.236,"body":"to know more about yourself or any of the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3097.246,"endTime":3100.386,"body":"things we discussed in the podcast today,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3097.246,"endTime":3100.386,"body":"where would you have me direct them?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3101.806,"endTime":3104.866,"body":"So people can"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3101.806,"endTime":3104.866,"body":"always find me on Twitter."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3105.166,"endTime":3107.366,"body":"Just don't read the comments"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3105.166,"endTime":3107.366,"body":"underneath because you'll"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3107.406,"endTime":3109.486,"body":"basically be as depressed as I am."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3109.846,"endTime":3114.976,"body":"I'm on LinkedIn and also you"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3109.846,"endTime":3114.976,"body":"can find me on the UCL website."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3115.286,"endTime":3119.036,"body":"But also if you really want to know all"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3115.286,"endTime":3119.036,"body":"the stuff that I've been talking about,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3119.3160000000003,"endTime":3124.136,"body":"I have a book published by Penguin"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3119.3160000000003,"endTime":3124.136,"body":"called How to Save Our Planet, The Facts."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3124.436,"endTime":3125.276,"body":"And guess what?"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3125.5460000000003,"endTime":3131.906,"body":"It's all single sentences, bullet points,"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3125.5460000000003,"endTime":3131.906,"body":"no paragraphs, just facts and figures."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3132.246,"endTime":3135.015,"body":"And you don't have to read"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3132.246,"endTime":3135.015,"body":"it from the start to the end."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3135.016,"endTime":3139.446,"body":"You can pick any chapter at any time and"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3135.016,"endTime":3139.446,"body":"actually just read the one that's most"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3139.446,"endTime":3141.0860000000002,"body":"relevant to you at that point in time."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3144.746,"endTime":3146.456,"body":"I'll put links to"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3144.746,"endTime":3146.456,"body":"those in the show notes, Mark."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3146.456,"endTime":3146.986,"body":"Thanks a million."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3147.426,"endTime":3148.526,"body":"Mark, that's been fascinating."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3148.966,"endTime":3150.626,"body":"Thanks a million for coming"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3148.966,"endTime":3150.626,"body":"on the podcast today."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3151.376,"endTime":3152.406,"body":"Absolute pleasure, Tom."},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3152.456,"endTime":3155.916,"body":"And thank you for actually doing"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3152.456,"endTime":3155.916,"body":"this podcast because gives everybody"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3155.916,"endTime":3159.026,"body":"a little bit of hope in this"},{"speaker":"Mark Maslin","startTime":3155.916,"endTime":3159.026,"body":"strange world that we live in."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3159.9500000000003,"endTime":3161.84,"body":"Okay, we've"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3159.9500000000003,"endTime":3161.84,"body":"come to the end of the show."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3162.53,"endTime":3163.67,"body":"Thanks everyone for listening."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3164.51,"endTime":3167.42,"body":"If you'd like to know more about"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3164.51,"endTime":3167.42,"body":"the Climate Confident podcast,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3167.6,"endTime":3173.33,"body":"feel free to drop me an email"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3167.6,"endTime":3173.33,"body":"to Tom raftery@outlook.com."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3173.9,"endTime":3176.33,"body":"Or message me on LinkedIn or Twitter."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3176.895,"endTime":3180.6150000000002,"body":"If you like the show, please, don't"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3176.895,"endTime":3180.6150000000002,"body":"forget to click follow on it in your"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3180.6150000000002,"endTime":3185.145,"body":"podcast application of choice to get new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3180.6150000000002,"endTime":3185.145,"body":"episodes as soon as they're published."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3185.775,"endTime":3188.715,"body":"Also, please don't forget to"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3185.775,"endTime":3188.715,"body":"rate and review the podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3188.925,"endTime":3191.625,"body":"It really does help new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3188.925,"endTime":3191.625,"body":"people to find the show."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3192.525,"endTime":3194.565,"body":"Thanks, catch you all next time."}]}