{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3.613,"endTime":7.393,"body":"The reason that we haven't"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3.613,"endTime":7.393,"body":"stopped climate change is human behavior."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":8.203,"endTime":10.063,"body":"It's resistance to change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":10.623,"endTime":12.9,"body":"It is cultural momentum."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":14.4,"endTime":16.77,"body":"That is why we aren't"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":14.4,"endTime":16.77,"body":"stopping climate change today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":16.77,"endTime":21.84,"body":"It's because it is so much easier to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":16.77,"endTime":21.84,"body":"just keep doing what we've always done."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":22.54,"endTime":24.61,"body":"Good morning, good"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":22.54,"endTime":24.61,"body":"afternoon, or good evening,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":24.62,"endTime":26.12,"body":"wherever you are in the world."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":26.44,"endTime":30.17,"body":"This is the Climate Confident"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":26.44,"endTime":30.17,"body":"podcast, the number one podcast"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":30.31,"endTime":34.08,"body":"showcasing best practices in climate"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":30.31,"endTime":34.08,"body":"emission reductions and removals."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":34.51,"endTime":36.45,"body":"And I'm your host, Tom Raftery."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":36.61,"endTime":40.37,"body":"Don't forget to click follow on this"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":36.61,"endTime":40.37,"body":"podcast in your podcast app of choice"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":40.53,"endTime":42.89,"body":"to be sure you don't miss any episodes."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":44.905,"endTime":45.325,"body":"Hi, everyone."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":45.355,"endTime":48.805,"body":"Welcome to episode 204 of the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":45.355,"endTime":48.805,"body":"climate confident podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":49.165,"endTime":52.195,"body":"My name is Tom Raftery and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":49.165,"endTime":52.195,"body":"before we kick off today's show."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":52.195,"endTime":55.765,"body":"I want to take a moment to express"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":52.195,"endTime":55.765,"body":"my sincere gratitude to all of"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":55.765,"endTime":58.105,"body":"this podcasts amazing supporters."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":58.615,"endTime":62.305,"body":"Your support has been instrumental in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":58.615,"endTime":62.305,"body":"keeping this podcast going, and I'm really"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":62.305,"endTime":64.285,"body":"grateful for each and every one of you."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":65.305,"endTime":68.425,"body":"If you're not already a supporter, I'd"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":65.305,"endTime":68.425,"body":"like to encourage you to consider joining"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":68.425,"endTime":71.515,"body":"our community of like-minded individuals"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":68.425,"endTime":71.515,"body":"who are passionate about climate."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":72.145,"endTime":75.715,"body":"Supporting the podcast is easy and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":72.145,"endTime":75.715,"body":"affordable with options starting as"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":75.715,"endTime":78.925,"body":"low as just three euros or dollars"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":75.715,"endTime":78.925,"body":"a month, which is less than the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":78.925,"endTime":82.795,"body":"cost of a cup of coffee and your"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":78.925,"endTime":82.795,"body":"support will make a huge difference"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":82.945,"endTime":84.205,"body":"in keeping this show going strong."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":85.015,"endTime":87.775,"body":"To become a supporter you simply"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":85.015,"endTime":87.775,"body":"click on the support link in the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":87.775,"endTime":89.815,"body":"show notes of this or any episode."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":90.295,"endTime":94.105,"body":"Or visit tiny url.com/climate pod."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":95.335,"endTime":95.605,"body":"Now."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":96.535,"endTime":97.405,"body":"In today's episode."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":97.705,"endTime":99.505,"body":"I'm talking to Angelo Campus."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":99.835,"endTime":101.635,"body":"and we're talking about micro grids."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":102.295,"endTime":105.485,"body":"And in upcoming episodes, I'm"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":102.295,"endTime":105.485,"body":"going to be talking to Ollie"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":105.505,"endTime":108.355,"body":"Birch who's CEO of Among Equals."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":108.355,"endTime":110.395,"body":"We'll be talking about"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":108.355,"endTime":110.395,"body":"climate communications."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":110.805,"endTime":113.215,"body":"Thom Norman CEO of Farm Kind."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":113.215,"endTime":117.085,"body":"And we'll be talking about agriculture"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":113.215,"endTime":117.085,"body":"and emissions from agriculture."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":117.835,"endTime":121.315,"body":"Annalisa Bracco who's a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":117.835,"endTime":121.315,"body":"professor in Georgia tech."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":121.705,"endTime":126.805,"body":"And Ryan Schermerhorn from"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":121.705,"endTime":126.805,"body":"Marshall Gerstein on Boren, LLP."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":126.805,"endTime":127.915,"body":"And we'd be talking about."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":128.365,"endTime":130.855,"body":"Climate patents and IP."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":131.785,"endTime":133.285,"body":"But back to today's episode."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":133.675,"endTime":135.685,"body":"And as I mentioned, I'm talking to Angelo."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":136.135,"endTime":137.875,"body":"Angelo welcome to the podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":137.905,"endTime":139.615,"body":"Would you like to introduce yourself?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":140.178,"endTime":141.168,"body":"Yes, thank you, Tom."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":141.428,"endTime":143.188,"body":"Pleasure to be here and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":141.428,"endTime":143.188,"body":"thank you for having me."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":143.418,"endTime":144.908,"body":"My name is Angelo Campus."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":144.988,"endTime":148.738,"body":"I am calling in here from Northern"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":144.988,"endTime":148.738,"body":"California and I'm the CEO and co"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":148.738,"endTime":153.708,"body":"founder of BoxPower A micro grid"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":148.738,"endTime":153.708,"body":"developer and technology provider."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":153.758,"endTime":156.708,"body":"Working to integrate micro grids"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":153.758,"endTime":156.708,"body":"into the US electrical grid."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":158.066,"endTime":158.626,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":159.146,"endTime":160.576,"body":"And Why?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":161.316,"endTime":164.696,"body":"As in well, let's, let's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":161.316,"endTime":164.696,"body":"go back even further."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":164.746,"endTime":170.746,"body":"Let's, let's start Angelo with what"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":164.746,"endTime":170.746,"body":"made you decide to start setting up"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":170.946,"endTime":173.076,"body":"micro grids in the US electrical system?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":173.076,"endTime":177.752,"body":"What, Why did you wake up one morning and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":173.076,"endTime":177.752,"body":"say, I know, I think I'll start BoxPower"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":177.772,"endTime":179.652,"body":"and fix the American electrical system?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":180.872,"endTime":184.852,"body":"I think I haven't had a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":180.872,"endTime":184.852,"body":"typical sort of entrepreneurs journey."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":184.902,"endTime":186.122,"body":"My resume is very short."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":186.482,"endTime":190.102,"body":"I worked as a dishwasher"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":186.482,"endTime":190.102,"body":"supporting myself in high school."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":190.552,"endTime":196.122,"body":"I worked as a theater audio technician"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":190.552,"endTime":196.122,"body":"in college and then I started"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":196.122,"endTime":198.632,"body":"BoxPower, my senior year of college"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":198.932,"endTime":202.732,"body":"So, I would call it a nonlinear"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":198.932,"endTime":202.732,"body":"trajectory when looked at that way."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":202.732,"endTime":205.359,"body":"I did not come from an industry insider."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":205.359,"endTime":207.349,"body":"I came from an academic background."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":207.849,"endTime":211.339,"body":"But for me, the story started"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":207.849,"endTime":211.339,"body":"quite a bit earlier all the way"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":211.339,"endTime":214.159,"body":"back to my childhood 2 factors."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":214.169,"endTime":220.489,"body":"1, I grew up in a very rural area not"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":214.169,"endTime":220.489,"body":"off grid, but at the edge of the grid."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":220.759,"endTime":228.209,"body":"Think 15 minutes down a rough dirt road,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":220.759,"endTime":228.209,"body":"last house on the line, kind of location."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":229.182,"endTime":235.389,"body":"Throughout my childhood power outages"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":229.182,"endTime":235.389,"body":"were a a frequent and very, influential"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":235.389,"endTime":241.269,"body":"and memorable experience because when our"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":235.389,"endTime":241.269,"body":"power went out, it wasn't for a couple of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":241.269,"endTime":245.499,"body":"hours, it was for days or sometimes weeks."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":245.829,"endTime":249.989,"body":"I think the longest that we ever actually"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":245.829,"endTime":249.989,"body":"had was about 11 days after a winter"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":249.989,"endTime":254.309,"body":"storm put multiple trees across a line"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":249.989,"endTime":254.309,"body":"and being at the end of the grid, we"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":254.309,"endTime":256.089,"body":"were the lowest priority to restore."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":256.089,"endTime":260.589,"body":"So I have these very distinct memories"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":256.089,"endTime":260.589,"body":"from childhood of cooking on a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":260.599,"endTime":265.539,"body":"wood stove, reading by candlelight"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":260.599,"endTime":265.539,"body":"you know, experiencing what it's"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":265.539,"endTime":269.479,"body":"like to go an extended duration"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":265.539,"endTime":269.479,"body":"without access to electricity."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":269.479,"endTime":272.279,"body":"And that was, that was"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":269.479,"endTime":272.279,"body":"very influential for me."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":272.369,"endTime":276.829,"body":"You know, the other significant factor"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":272.369,"endTime":276.829,"body":"for me is I was homeschooled, which means"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":276.829,"endTime":283.499,"body":"I just had a heck of a lot of time on"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":276.829,"endTime":283.499,"body":"my hands to read, experiment, pursue."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":283.559,"endTime":286.569,"body":"And very early, I was"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":283.559,"endTime":286.569,"body":"fascinated with energy."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":286.629,"endTime":291.766,"body":"I remember my mom bought me one of those"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":286.629,"endTime":291.766,"body":"little toy electrical sort of, I don't"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":291.766,"endTime":297.216,"body":"know if it was connector or some kit like"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":291.766,"endTime":297.216,"body":"that, but battery and electric motor and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":297.236,"endTime":299.686,"body":"a little turbine and a little solar panel."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":299.686,"endTime":303.286,"body":"And I remember the first thing I thought"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":299.686,"endTime":303.286,"body":"was, well, if I cook these together,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":303.286,"endTime":305.136,"body":"can I make a perpetual motion machine?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":305.276,"endTime":306.876,"body":"And I was determined"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":305.276,"endTime":306.876,"body":"there's gotta be a way."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":306.876,"endTime":310.076,"body":"You've got the fan to the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":306.876,"endTime":310.076,"body":"propeller to the battery."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":310.186,"endTime":312.736,"body":"So I was just fascinated"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":310.186,"endTime":312.736,"body":"with energy and electricity."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":313.266,"endTime":318.376,"body":"And then that got even accelerated when"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":313.266,"endTime":318.376,"body":"my father, who is a general building"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":318.376,"endTime":323.606,"body":"contractor had primarily been a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":318.376,"endTime":323.606,"body":"residential contractor started a solar"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":323.606,"endTime":329.666,"body":"company with a friend of his in 2002,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":323.606,"endTime":329.666,"body":"so very early California residential"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":329.666,"endTime":332.136,"body":"solar industry, early, early days."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":332.186,"endTime":338.106,"body":"And so at that point I was in middle"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":332.186,"endTime":338.106,"body":"school, high school, and I spent"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":338.116,"endTime":342.066,"body":"my summers helping out building"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":338.116,"endTime":342.066,"body":"solar arrays building ground mounts"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":342.546,"endTime":347.236,"body":"there and that that accelerated that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":342.546,"endTime":347.236,"body":"passion and that interest for energy."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":347.236,"endTime":351.386,"body":"So, by the time I was a senior in high"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":347.236,"endTime":351.386,"body":"school, I, I did my senior project on a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":351.386,"endTime":356.586,"body":"solar powered water distiller that I, that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":351.386,"endTime":356.586,"body":"I designed, prototyped and built and just"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":356.586,"endTime":363.849,"body":"had a from a pretty early age a pretty"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":356.586,"endTime":363.849,"body":"focused interest in energy technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":364.009,"endTime":368.529,"body":"So when I went to college, I had"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":364.009,"endTime":368.529,"body":"this unexpected and life changing"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":368.599,"endTime":370.359,"body":"opportunity to go to Princeton."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":370.696,"endTime":372.436,"body":"They have a broke hippie quota."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":372.536,"endTime":374.056,"body":"They take one of us every year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":374.176,"endTime":376.396,"body":"And I know that I met all the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":374.176,"endTime":376.396,"body":"ones above and below and there"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":376.396,"endTime":377.786,"body":"was only one of us per year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":378.356,"endTime":382.352,"body":"I, I got a a full financial aid,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":378.356,"endTime":382.352,"body":"full ride scholarship to Princeton."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":382.492,"endTime":388.132,"body":"And the first thing I did, when I"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":382.492,"endTime":388.132,"body":"got there was searched through the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":388.132,"endTime":394.042,"body":"faculty for any professor working"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":388.132,"endTime":394.042,"body":"on micro grids, power system, solar"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":394.042,"endTime":400.182,"body":"and battery, and I found that I"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":394.042,"endTime":400.182,"body":"found two professors that started a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":400.182,"endTime":406.092,"body":"research lab on rapidly deployable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":400.182,"endTime":406.092,"body":"micro grids for disaster relief."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":407.372,"endTime":409.472,"body":"I joined that research"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":407.372,"endTime":409.472,"body":"group my freshman year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":409.772,"endTime":412.952,"body":"I stuck with it all, all"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":409.772,"endTime":412.952,"body":"four years of my undergrad."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":412.952,"endTime":417.322,"body":"And by my senior year was determined"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":412.952,"endTime":417.322,"body":"that I wanted to start a company."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":417.452,"endTime":423.272,"body":"And so I launched BoxPower my senior"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":417.452,"endTime":423.272,"body":"year, raised our, our very first"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":423.422,"endTime":428.322,"body":"funding from business plan and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":423.422,"endTime":428.322,"body":"pitch competitions my senior year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":428.402,"endTime":432.762,"body":"And I went to work at BoxPower"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":428.402,"endTime":432.762,"body":"full time when I graduated."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":434.16,"endTime":434.61,"body":"Amazing."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":434.95,"endTime":435.32,"body":"Amazing."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":435.32,"endTime":439.26,"body":"And what would you say has"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":435.32,"endTime":439.26,"body":"surprised you most in your"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":439.27,"endTime":440.82,"body":"journey to where you are today?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":442.392,"endTime":442.692,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":442.752,"endTime":448.692,"body":"I love, I love going back and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":442.752,"endTime":448.692,"body":"looking at our very, very first"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":449.042,"endTime":456.532,"body":"pitch decks that we put together"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":449.042,"endTime":456.532,"body":"in This was fall 2015, spring 2016."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":457.082,"endTime":461.122,"body":"The pitch at that point, the thesis"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":457.082,"endTime":461.122,"body":"that we'd come up with for BoxPower, at"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":461.132,"endTime":465.019,"body":"that point it was me and a couple other"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":461.132,"endTime":465.019,"body":"student peers who were helping me with the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":465.019,"endTime":471.949,"body":"project, was a theory that in developing"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":465.019,"endTime":471.949,"body":"countries, where the electrical grid"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":471.949,"endTime":477.319,"body":"had not yet been built, that it would"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":471.949,"endTime":477.319,"body":"be cheaper to provide power to rural"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":477.319,"endTime":481.019,"body":"consumers with microgrid technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":481.109,"endTime":485.019,"body":"And I guess I should pause here"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":481.109,"endTime":485.019,"body":"and define what a microgrid is."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":485.019,"endTime":491.109,"body":"A microgrid is a independent or autonomous"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":485.019,"endTime":491.109,"body":"power system that can operate either"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":492.304,"endTime":496.869,"body":"independently, The term is often used as"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":492.304,"endTime":496.869,"body":"islanded, that's where it doesn't have any"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":496.869,"endTime":499.449,"body":"electrical connection to the macro grid."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":500.169,"endTime":502.899,"body":"Or sometimes in parallel to the grid."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":502.909,"endTime":508.319,"body":"So it's this idea of a system that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":502.909,"endTime":508.319,"body":"can isolate itself and operate"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":508.329,"endTime":512.309,"body":"independently, or in some cases,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":508.329,"endTime":512.309,"body":"synchronously with the grid."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":513.116,"endTime":513.816,"body":"A bit like Texas."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":514.649,"endTime":515.999,"body":"Yes, Texas is a huge microgrid."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":517.332,"endTime":521.472,"body":"I guess one would argue that it's"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":517.332,"endTime":521.472,"body":"actually a small macrogrid, but Yes,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":521.492,"endTime":525.032,"body":"micro grids come in all shapes and sizes."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":525.082,"endTime":527.942,"body":"And the definition of micro is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":525.082,"endTime":527.942,"body":"relative, I guess, you know,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":527.962,"endTime":532.472,"body":"all zoomed out far enough is a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":527.962,"endTime":532.472,"body":"micro grid, but relative to scale."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":532.522,"endTime":539.167,"body":"And our, our thesis was that, building"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":532.522,"endTime":539.167,"body":"distribution infrastructure, building and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":539.167,"endTime":546.427,"body":"maintaining distribution infrastructure"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":539.167,"endTime":546.427,"body":"for rural populations was very expensive."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":546.497,"endTime":552.197,"body":"There's a question of population"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":546.497,"endTime":552.197,"body":"density, customers per mile of line,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":552.197,"endTime":555.217,"body":"or rather consumption per mile of line."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":556.277,"endTime":561.442,"body":"And our theory was simple, it's"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":556.277,"endTime":561.442,"body":"cheaper to put in micro grids for low"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":561.442,"endTime":566.002,"body":"population density areas than it is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":561.442,"endTime":566.002,"body":"for high population density areas."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":566.602,"endTime":570.102,"body":"Furthermore, we, are theory was that,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":566.602,"endTime":570.102,"body":"you know, the entry point to this"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":570.102,"endTime":576.182,"body":"was critical customers like medical"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":570.102,"endTime":576.182,"body":"clinics, telecom facilities, you know,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":576.182,"endTime":578.892,"body":"The the the 1st things that need power."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":578.892,"endTime":582.612,"body":"And so when I started BoxPower, I"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":578.892,"endTime":582.612,"body":"thought that I was going to be working"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":582.612,"endTime":588.642,"body":"in the developing world, Sub Saharan"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":582.612,"endTime":588.642,"body":"Africa, Southeast Asia to some extent,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":588.642,"endTime":593.752,"body":"South America, the regions that have"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":588.642,"endTime":593.752,"body":"large un electrified populations."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":594.542,"endTime":596.922,"body":"And we have done a little"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":594.542,"endTime":596.922,"body":"bit of work in those spaces."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":598.782,"endTime":603.352,"body":"To come back around, the biggest"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":598.782,"endTime":603.352,"body":"surprise was that we are doing"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":603.352,"endTime":605.362,"body":"exactly what we described"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":607.152,"endTime":609.262,"body":"in those original pitch decks."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":609.702,"endTime":615.142,"body":"But we're doing it here in the US"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":609.702,"endTime":615.142,"body":"and we're doing it in areas where the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":615.142,"endTime":617.222,"body":"electrical grid was already built."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":617.742,"endTime":621.202,"body":"It was built 50, 60, 70 years ago."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":621.752,"endTime":627.642,"body":"When labor was practically free relative"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":621.752,"endTime":627.642,"body":"to today, and environmental regulations"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":627.642,"endTime":632.656,"body":"weren't really a thing, you know, post"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":627.642,"endTime":632.656,"body":"war economy we were all about building"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":632.656,"endTime":634.796,"body":"infrastructure across rural America."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":635.811,"endTime":640.201,"body":"Well, that infrastructure is now"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":635.811,"endTime":640.201,"body":"70% of it is over 50 years old."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":641.021,"endTime":643.601,"body":"70% of it is past its expected life."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":644.611,"endTime":651.051,"body":"And the cost of rebuilding, repairing,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":644.611,"endTime":651.051,"body":"maintaining that distribution"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":651.051,"endTime":654.521,"body":"infrastructure is monumental."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":655.691,"endTime":660.861,"body":"And so our work today is based in"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":655.691,"endTime":660.861,"body":"the, exact same thesis we had before."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":660.871,"endTime":664.681,"body":"It is cheaper to build and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":660.871,"endTime":664.681,"body":"operate microgrids in rural areas."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":665.381,"endTime":672.116,"body":"But we're doing it replacing where the,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":665.381,"endTime":672.116,"body":"grid was previously built, where we"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":672.116,"endTime":677.926,"body":"are coming in and either supporting or"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":672.116,"endTime":677.926,"body":"fully replacing portions of distribution"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":677.926,"endTime":683.626,"body":"infrastructure in rural areas, where the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":677.926,"endTime":683.626,"body":"cost of either upgrading, maintaining,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":684.096,"endTime":685.906,"body":"hardening is something we can talk about."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":685.936,"endTime":691.182,"body":"The impacts of climate change and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":685.936,"endTime":691.182,"body":"extreme disaster events necessitating"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":691.182,"endTime":693.842,"body":"a harder grid, more durable."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":694.262,"endTime":696.542,"body":"We're building those micro"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":694.262,"endTime":696.542,"body":"grids here in the US."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":696.612,"endTime":701.412,"body":"And so that's the biggest surprise to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":696.612,"endTime":701.412,"body":"me is that we had the right thesis,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":702.342,"endTime":708.032,"body":"but we did not see that thesis applying"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":702.342,"endTime":708.032,"body":"in the United States of America,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":708.362,"endTime":714.292,"body":"where we have a 99.99% electrification"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":708.362,"endTime":714.292,"body":"rate and interconnection rate."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":714.792,"endTime":715.802,"body":"That's the biggest surprise."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":717.06,"endTime":717.62,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":717.98,"endTime":718.5,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":719.22,"endTime":724.73,"body":"And I'm assuming your micro"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":719.22,"endTime":724.73,"body":"grids are not powered by small"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":724.73,"endTime":727.523,"body":"coal fired thermal plants."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":729.116,"endTime":731.196,"body":"No, no, that would"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":729.116,"endTime":731.196,"body":"be a twist, wouldn't it?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":731.316,"endTime":735.366,"body":"Micro coal generation,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":731.316,"endTime":735.366,"body":"the future of coal power."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":735.416,"endTime":735.886,"body":"No,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":735.943,"endTime":736.753,"body":"clean coal power."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":738.536,"endTime":743.946,"body":"We are micro grids are primarily"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":738.536,"endTime":743.946,"body":"solar, battery, and inverter based."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":744.026,"endTime":746.536,"body":"We do use backup generators."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":746.586,"endTime":748.406,"body":"And that is something that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":746.586,"endTime":748.406,"body":"makes us somewhat unique"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":748.406,"endTime":749.806,"body":"within the micro grid space."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":749.906,"endTime":752.406,"body":"I'm absolutely an environmentalist."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":752.816,"endTime":754.406,"body":"But I'm also a pragmatist."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":754.506,"endTime":760.456,"body":"For significant portions of this"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":754.506,"endTime":760.456,"body":"country, getting to 100% renewable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":760.476,"endTime":763.636,"body":"today with solar is cost prohibitive."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":764.206,"endTime":768.456,"body":"Particularly as soon as you start going"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":764.206,"endTime":768.456,"body":"towards the northern half of the country"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":768.456,"endTime":772.246,"body":"where you have long, dark, wet winters."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":772.696,"endTime":779.241,"body":"A 100% renewable micro grid is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":772.696,"endTime":779.241,"body":"a not impossible, but a very"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":779.241,"endTime":781.341,"body":"challenging and very expensive task."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":781.341,"endTime":785.851,"body":"And So from very early on, we took"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":781.341,"endTime":785.851,"body":"a pragmatist approach of what is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":785.851,"endTime":791.141,"body":"the, highest renewable fraction"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":785.851,"endTime":791.141,"body":"that is economically practical."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":791.621,"endTime":794.631,"body":"And so because of that, many of our"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":791.621,"endTime":794.631,"body":"micro grids, most of our micro grids"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":794.631,"endTime":800.561,"body":"have a backup generation element"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":794.631,"endTime":800.561,"body":"to it that is typically propane or"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":800.561,"endTime":807.351,"body":"natural gas which we see as the,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":800.561,"endTime":807.351,"body":"the cleanest of the dirty fuels."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":807.401,"endTime":811.891,"body":"And we design our system such that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":807.401,"endTime":811.891,"body":"they maximise the renewables used."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":811.941,"endTime":819.241,"body":"And often that is 75, 85, even 90%"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":811.941,"endTime":819.241,"body":"renewable over the course of a year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":819.931,"endTime":822.391,"body":"But there's a diminishing return."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":822.941,"endTime":831.411,"body":"The way I typically describe it is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":822.941,"endTime":831.411,"body":"to go from 90 to 95% renewable in"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":831.411,"endTime":836.801,"body":"a climate with a significant winter"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":831.411,"endTime":836.801,"body":"requires a doubling of a system size"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":836.821,"endTime":838.501,"body":"from a solar and a battery perspective."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":838.521,"endTime":842.721,"body":"And then to go from 95 to 99"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":838.521,"endTime":842.721,"body":"requires yet another doubling or"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":842.721,"endTime":844.461,"body":"even tripling of the system size."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":844.471,"endTime":849.384,"body":"So you are, sizing for these extreme"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":844.471,"endTime":849.384,"body":"events, that one week out of the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":849.384,"endTime":851.834,"body":"year that is just dark and rainy."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":852.394,"endTime":855.314,"body":"Our approach to that is using backup"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":852.394,"endTime":855.314,"body":"generation during those periods."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":855.324,"endTime":858.264,"body":"So we are a hybrid microgrid developer."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":858.764,"endTime":863.684,"body":"We do not turn up our nose at the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":858.764,"endTime":863.684,"body":"amazing utility and benefits that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":863.684,"endTime":866.864,"body":"are fuel based combustion generation."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":867.354,"endTime":869.774,"body":"But we seek to minimise"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":867.354,"endTime":869.774,"body":"it as much as possible."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":871.266,"endTime":875.536,"body":"Okay, and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":871.266,"endTime":875.536,"body":"who are your customers?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":902.976,"endTime":905.8960000000001,"body":"Are you selling to utility companies?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":905.8960000000001,"endTime":907.926,"body":"Are you selling to municipalities?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":907.926,"endTime":912.436,"body":"Are you selling to, I don't know, small"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":907.926,"endTime":912.436,"body":"medical facilities like you mentioned"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":912.446,"endTime":918.5260000000001,"body":"that are at the end of a 15 minute"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":912.446,"endTime":918.5260000000001,"body":"drive or schools, hospitals, hotels,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":918.5260000000001,"endTime":921.546,"body":"resorts, farms, all of the above?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":923.094,"endTime":925.7040000000001,"body":"I think we have done"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":923.094,"endTime":925.7040000000001,"body":"almost all of the above."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":925.724,"endTime":928.644,"body":"I don't think we've done a hotel"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":925.724,"endTime":928.644,"body":"yet, but I think every other"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":928.644,"endTime":930.224,"body":"customer you just listed there."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":930.844,"endTime":933.5640000000001,"body":"I think the best way to tell that's a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":930.844,"endTime":933.5640000000001,"body":"little bit of a progressional story of,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":933.6840000000001,"endTime":936.004,"body":"of how we evolved through the market."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":936.1640000000001,"endTime":938.124,"body":"We started the company in 2016."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":938.134,"endTime":942.094,"body":"Our first year and a half was"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":938.134,"endTime":942.094,"body":"spent in product development."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":942.1940000000001,"endTime":944.024,"body":"And I'll describe our products here."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":944.024,"endTime":950.009,"body":"What we came to market with was a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":944.024,"endTime":950.009,"body":"fully containerised, rapidly deployable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":950.0690000000001,"endTime":952.0790000000001,"body":"solar battery generator system."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":952.1690000000001,"endTime":957.1990000000001,"body":"For those of you familiar with shipping"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":952.1690000000001,"endTime":957.1990000000001,"body":"containers the intermodal metal modular"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":957.1990000000001,"endTime":962.749,"body":"transport containers our first product"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":957.1990000000001,"endTime":962.749,"body":"was called the Solar Container, and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":962.749,"endTime":966.9190000000001,"body":"it was a completely self-contained"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":962.749,"endTime":966.9190000000001,"body":"solar battery generator system."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":967.384,"endTime":971.134,"body":"Prefabricated into a shipping"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":967.384,"endTime":971.134,"body":"container, all of the components"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":971.134,"endTime":972.724,"body":"shipped inside of the container."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":972.724,"endTime":977.4440000000001,"body":"It could be delivered to a remote"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":972.724,"endTime":977.4440000000001,"body":"area set up without any specialised"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":977.464,"endTime":981.9340000000001,"body":"equipment and provide a off"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":977.464,"endTime":981.9340000000001,"body":"grid source of power anywhere."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":981.9540000000001,"endTime":984.254,"body":"So that was our, that was"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":981.9540000000001,"endTime":984.254,"body":"our go to market product."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":984.254,"endTime":985.4240000000001,"body":"And we still offer that product."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":985.4540000000001,"endTime":990.514,"body":"We have expanded into a much wider"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":985.4540000000001,"endTime":990.514,"body":"repertoire of products beyond that,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":990.514,"endTime":992.214,"body":"but that was our initial go to market."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":993.0490000000001,"endTime":998.4390000000001,"body":"And right around the time that we were"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":993.0490000000001,"endTime":998.4390000000001,"body":"sort of finishing testing certifications"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":998.4390000000001,"endTime":1000.4390000000001,"body":"of that product, Hurricane Maria happened."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1000.599,"endTime":1003.009,"body":"Devastating Puerto Rico's electrical grid."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1003.769,"endTime":1009.0590000000001,"body":"We were in the finishing stages"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1003.769,"endTime":1009.0590000000001,"body":"of testing, you know, MVP 1.0"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1009.0590000000001,"endTime":1011.6590000000001,"body":"commercially viable product."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1012.859,"endTime":1015.979,"body":"And as soon as Hurricane Maria"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1012.859,"endTime":1015.979,"body":"happened, we jumped into action,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1015.989,"endTime":1021.144,"body":"started looking for disaster relief"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1015.989,"endTime":1021.144,"body":"organisations, local nonprofits,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1021.1740000000001,"endTime":1022.864,"body":"in some of the harder hit areas."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1022.884,"endTime":1028.844,"body":"We ended up connecting with a community"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1022.884,"endTime":1028.844,"body":"center in outside of Humacao, Puerto"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1028.844,"endTime":1031.004,"body":"Rico the community of Mariana."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1031.534,"endTime":1034.424,"body":"There's quite a few articles you can"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1031.534,"endTime":1034.424,"body":"find online about the project and the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1034.424,"endTime":1039.044,"body":"community, an amazing story of a, one of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1034.424,"endTime":1039.044,"body":"the hardest hit communities in Puerto Rico"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1039.044,"endTime":1042.134,"body":"coming together, grassroots organizing."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1042.709,"endTime":1047.259,"body":"A long history of a strong cultural"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1042.709,"endTime":1047.259,"body":"arts organisation being sort of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1047.269,"endTime":1050.789,"body":"the like threads and the roots that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1047.269,"endTime":1050.789,"body":"brought this community together to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1050.789,"endTime":1056.309,"body":"take care of themselves because no"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1050.789,"endTime":1056.309,"body":"help came from FEMA for over a month."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1056.749,"endTime":1061.679,"body":"Power was not restored by the grid for"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1056.749,"endTime":1061.679,"body":"over a year to the community of Mariana."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1063.089,"endTime":1066.739,"body":"About three months after the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1063.089,"endTime":1066.739,"body":"hurricane, we came in with our"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1066.8890000000001,"endTime":1068.669,"body":"rapidly deployable solar container."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1068.919,"endTime":1071.5990000000002,"body":"And so that was our first project."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1071.6190000000001,"endTime":1076.1290000000001,"body":"We delivered a rapidly deployable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1071.6190000000001,"endTime":1076.1290000000001,"body":"solar battery generator system"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1076.179,"endTime":1078.3220000000001,"body":"to the school of Mariana."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1078.3220000000001,"endTime":1085.1190000000001,"body":"That became sort of a hub community"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1078.3220000000001,"endTime":1085.1190000000001,"body":"kitchen school medical facility."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1085.1190000000001,"endTime":1088.059,"body":"You know, all of the critical"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1085.1190000000001,"endTime":1088.059,"body":"resources a community needed."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1088.509,"endTime":1091.809,"body":"All the critical resources of a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1088.509,"endTime":1091.809,"body":"community coming together there."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1092.268,"endTime":1093.978,"body":"and we provided the power."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1094.028,"endTime":1098.323,"body":"That was our very 1st project"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1094.028,"endTime":1098.323,"body":"and we've had a, a history over"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1098.323,"endTime":1102.323,"body":"the years of supporting disaster"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1098.323,"endTime":1102.323,"body":"relief organisations, hurricanes."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1102.373,"endTime":1106.953,"body":"We work with some large international"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1102.373,"endTime":1106.953,"body":"disaster relief organisations to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1107.5230000000001,"endTime":1111.853,"body":"deliver these rapidly deployable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1107.5230000000001,"endTime":1111.853,"body":"systems into areas hit by disasters."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1113.1180000000002,"endTime":1120.328,"body":"A second market for us very quickly"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1113.1180000000002,"endTime":1120.328,"body":"became tribal and indigenous power."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1120.8780000000002,"endTime":1126.208,"body":"I mentioned earlier that the US"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1120.8780000000002,"endTime":1126.208,"body":"claims a, on the world bank website,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1126.208,"endTime":1127.758,"body":"they round up to a hundred percent."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1128.258,"endTime":1134.778,"body":"It's actually 99.99 something"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1128.258,"endTime":1134.778,"body":"percent electrification."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1135.558,"endTime":1143.518,"body":"But, that 001 percent is overwhelmingly"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1135.558,"endTime":1143.518,"body":"and disproportionately indigenous,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1143.538,"endTime":1146.318,"body":"tribal, and reservations in the US"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1146.89,"endTime":1147.23,"body":"right."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1148.108,"endTime":1153.448,"body":"A fairly horrifying statistic"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1148.108,"endTime":1153.448,"body":"that I found was that 30% of residents"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1153.468,"endTime":1157.928,"body":"of reservations across the US do"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1153.468,"endTime":1157.928,"body":"not have access to electricity."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1160.258,"endTime":1165.3980000000001,"body":"In the Navajo nation alone recent"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1160.258,"endTime":1165.3980000000001,"body":"census showed that at 18,000"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1165.3980000000001,"endTime":1169.3880000000001,"body":"households across the Navajo nation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1165.3980000000001,"endTime":1169.3880000000001,"body":"have never been served power."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1169.518,"endTime":1174.508,"body":"The Pine Ridge reservation a similarly"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1169.518,"endTime":1174.508,"body":"large, I think eight to 10,000"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1174.508,"endTime":1177.001,"body":"households without access to grid power."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1177.961,"endTime":1183.181,"body":"And so, we quickly became involved with"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1177.961,"endTime":1183.181,"body":"some of these tribal and indigenous"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1183.181,"endTime":1187.825,"body":"communities and one of the second"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1183.181,"endTime":1187.825,"body":"areas after Puerto Rico, where we began"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1187.825,"endTime":1189.685,"body":"deploying projects, was in Alaska."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1190.355,"endTime":1193.2150000000001,"body":"Home to a significant"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1190.355,"endTime":1193.2150000000001,"body":"indigenous population."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1193.285,"endTime":1197.4650000000001,"body":"And also home to some of the most"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1193.285,"endTime":1197.4650000000001,"body":"remote communities in the US."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1197.6950000000002,"endTime":1204.41,"body":"There's 260 fully off grid communities"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1197.6950000000002,"endTime":1204.41,"body":"in Alaska that have never been"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1204.41,"endTime":1210.26,"body":"connected to the electrical grid that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1204.41,"endTime":1210.26,"body":"rely on 24 7 diesel generators for"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1210.27,"endTime":1212.55,"body":"power and exorbitant costs of energy."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1213.29,"endTime":1219.04,"body":"And so we began working with"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1213.29,"endTime":1219.04,"body":"tribal entities to bring power"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1219.04,"endTime":1222.28,"body":"to either unelectrified or"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1219.04,"endTime":1222.28,"body":"replacing generators in these."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1222.28,"endTime":1225.3300000000002,"body":"And we've done a number"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1222.28,"endTime":1225.3300000000002,"body":"of projects in Alaska."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1225.91,"endTime":1228.7,"body":"We're working in the Navajo and Hopi."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1229.0900000000001,"endTime":1234.91,"body":"Territory there and this has"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1229.0900000000001,"endTime":1234.91,"body":"been a major mission and passion"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1234.91,"endTime":1236.42,"body":"for mine throughout BoxPower."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1236.558,"endTime":1241.838,"body":"I was an engineering major, but"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1236.558,"endTime":1241.838,"body":"an anthropology minor in college,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1241.8780000000002,"endTime":1248.008,"body":"and so a focus on development,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1241.8780000000002,"endTime":1248.008,"body":"economic development the incredible"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1248.008,"endTime":1250.038,"body":"importance of energy sovereignty."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1250.1180000000002,"endTime":1255.578,"body":"And so that has and continues to be a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1250.1180000000002,"endTime":1255.578,"body":"major part of what BoxPower does, is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1255.578,"endTime":1261.688,"body":"supporting tribal communities as they seek"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1255.578,"endTime":1261.688,"body":"energy independence and energy autonomy."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1262.2930000000001,"endTime":1265.903,"body":"But that also introduced us"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1262.2930000000001,"endTime":1265.903,"body":"to working with utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1265.953,"endTime":1269.373,"body":"We worked with some of the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1265.953,"endTime":1269.373,"body":"tribal community utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1269.963,"endTime":1274.153,"body":"And from there, that gave us"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1269.963,"endTime":1274.153,"body":"both the experience and the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1274.153,"endTime":1278.173,"body":"perspective to start working with"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1274.153,"endTime":1278.173,"body":"larger investor owned utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1278.383,"endTime":1284.343,"body":"And so it was 2019 when we landed"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1278.383,"endTime":1284.343,"body":"our first contract with Pacific"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1284.343,"endTime":1286.833,"body":"Gas Electric here in California."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1287.693,"endTime":1293.738,"body":"They are the largest electric utility"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1287.693,"endTime":1293.738,"body":"in the US serving the majority of the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1293.738,"endTime":1298.428,"body":"northern half of California central"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1293.738,"endTime":1298.428,"body":"and northern California and also"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1298.428,"endTime":1303.6280000000002,"body":"utility that has been in the news very"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1298.428,"endTime":1303.6280000000002,"body":"frequently over the last few years and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1303.8400000000001,"endTime":1305.22,"body":"Not always"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1303.8400000000001,"endTime":1305.22,"body":"for the right reasons."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1305.63,"endTime":1305.69,"body":"huh."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1306.053,"endTime":1306.383,"body":"not."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1306.383,"endTime":1307.2930000000001,"body":"in a positive light."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1307.353,"endTime":1311.948,"body":"PG\u0026E has had a wildfire"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1307.353,"endTime":1311.948,"body":"problem, to put it very mildly."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1312.193,"endTime":1317.323,"body":"Several historic disasters like"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1312.193,"endTime":1317.323,"body":"the Camp Fire that burned the town"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1317.323,"endTime":1322.233,"body":"of Paradise, the Santa Rosa Fire"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1317.323,"endTime":1322.233,"body":"burning suburbs of Santa Rosa."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1323.153,"endTime":1330.063,"body":"And, unfortunately, many of these"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1323.153,"endTime":1330.063,"body":"super fires in California have"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1330.063,"endTime":1335.913,"body":"been started by aging Electrical"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1330.063,"endTime":1335.913,"body":"infrastructure, lack of vegetation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1335.913,"endTime":1338.233,"body":"management along distribution lines."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1338.233,"endTime":1343.313,"body":"You think we have these, bare wires"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1338.233,"endTime":1343.313,"body":"running through rural areas carrying"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1343.353,"endTime":1348.7530000000002,"body":"12 to 50,000 volts of electricity."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1349.7830000000001,"endTime":1354.553,"body":"And in a hot, dry drought summer,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1349.7830000000001,"endTime":1354.553,"body":"a climate change induced drought"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1354.553,"endTime":1360.0130000000001,"body":"summer, one branch touching one"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1354.553,"endTime":1360.0130000000001,"body":"of those distribution lines."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1361.088,"endTime":1365.858,"body":"becomes a multi billion dollar"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1361.088,"endTime":1365.858,"body":"tragedy very, very quickly."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1366.938,"endTime":1374.238,"body":"And so PG\u0026E, to their credit, after"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1366.938,"endTime":1374.238,"body":"a number of these incidents, enacted"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1374.248,"endTime":1377.188,"body":"a massive grid hardening initiative."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1377.198,"endTime":1381.938,"body":"How can they reduce the risk of wildfires"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1377.198,"endTime":1381.938,"body":"in their distribution infrastructure?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1381.988,"endTime":1384.778,"body":"And many of that is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1381.988,"endTime":1384.778,"body":"very traditional means."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1384.858,"endTime":1389.008,"body":"Better vegetation management clearing"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1384.858,"endTime":1389.008,"body":"trees away from the lines, covered"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1389.018,"endTime":1393.6580000000001,"body":"conductor, conductors that have a PVC"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1389.018,"endTime":1393.6580000000001,"body":"coating over them that significantly"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1393.6580000000001,"endTime":1395.518,"body":"reduces the chance of that."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1396.108,"endTime":1399.808,"body":"For even more extreme areas,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1396.108,"endTime":1399.808,"body":"undergrounding, putting the wires"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1399.8680000000002,"endTime":1403.958,"body":"underground, and all of those are good"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1399.8680000000002,"endTime":1403.958,"body":"solutions with their place where it"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1403.958,"endTime":1412.108,"body":"makes sense, but none of those make sense"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1403.958,"endTime":1412.108,"body":"for end of line customers, very remote"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1412.1280000000002,"endTime":1416.858,"body":"communities, households like where I"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1412.1280000000002,"endTime":1416.858,"body":"grew up in, 15 minutes down a dirt road."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1417.488,"endTime":1422.1480000000001,"body":"The cost of undergrounding is about 3"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1417.488,"endTime":1422.1480000000001,"body":"million dollars per mile in California."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1423.568,"endTime":1429.1380000000001,"body":"The cost of overhead conductor,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1423.568,"endTime":1429.1380000000001,"body":"about 1 million per mile."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1429.808,"endTime":1434.568,"body":"The cost of vegetation management can"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1429.808,"endTime":1434.568,"body":"be 50,000 dollars per year per mile."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1435.9180000000001,"endTime":1442.313,"body":"None of those are economical for remote"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1435.9180000000001,"endTime":1442.313,"body":"communities, end of line customers, or"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1442.323,"endTime":1446.05,"body":"those  low population density areas."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1446.3,"endTime":1451.22,"body":"And so to PG\u0026E's credit, they"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1446.3,"endTime":1451.22,"body":"pioneered the first utility to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1451.22,"endTime":1453.71,"body":"launch a remote grid program."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1454.18,"endTime":1455.4,"body":"We are their partner in that."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1455.4,"endTime":1459.29,"body":"We deployed their first"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1455.4,"endTime":1459.29,"body":"several remote grids,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1460.24,"endTime":1465.55,"body":"And we essentially sit next to their"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1460.24,"endTime":1465.55,"body":"distribution planning team, and they"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1465.55,"endTime":1469.06,"body":"have these long lists of, okay, we're"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1465.55,"endTime":1469.06,"body":"going to vegetation manage here,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1469.0900000000001,"endTime":1473.8700000000001,"body":"covered conductor here, undergrounding"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1469.0900000000001,"endTime":1473.8700000000001,"body":"here, and we get to sit beside them"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1473.8700000000001,"endTime":1476.79,"body":"and say, well, this is what it would"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1473.8700000000001,"endTime":1476.79,"body":"cost to serve that with a microgrid."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1476.8,"endTime":1477.6100000000001,"body":"Is it more or less?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1477.6100000000001,"endTime":1481.69,"body":"This is what it would cost to serve"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1477.6100000000001,"endTime":1481.69,"body":"it with a, solar plus battery system."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1481.96,"endTime":1488.99,"body":"And they're increasingly deploying"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1481.96,"endTime":1488.99,"body":"micro grids as a alternative to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1489.03,"endTime":1491.04,"body":"undergrounding or covered conductor."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1491.47,"endTime":1495.71,"body":"And these micro grids either permanently"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1491.47,"endTime":1495.71,"body":"replace the distribution line."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1495.91,"endTime":1498.71,"body":"There are many scenarios where"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1495.91,"endTime":1498.71,"body":"they completely remove and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1498.72,"endTime":1500.48,"body":"eliminate that distribution line."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1501.16,"endTime":1505.77,"body":"And  the customer or customers are"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1501.16,"endTime":1505.77,"body":"served by fully off grid system."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1506.42,"endTime":1511.24,"body":"There's other applications where it"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1506.42,"endTime":1511.24,"body":"makes more sense to just be able to de"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1511.24,"endTime":1516.29,"body":"energise the line for the duration of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1511.24,"endTime":1516.29,"body":"wildfire season, and during those hot,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1516.3,"endTime":1520.7,"body":"dry months with high wind events, serve"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1516.3,"endTime":1520.7,"body":"the customers with an off grid solution."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1520.98,"endTime":1529.815,"body":"And so, that idea of a investor owned"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1520.98,"endTime":1529.815,"body":"utility deploying microgrids as a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1529.825,"endTime":1534.605,"body":"distribution asset, there is a there is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1529.825,"endTime":1534.605,"body":"generation solar produces energy, but"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1534.615,"endTime":1540.9750000000001,"body":"the function is replacing a distribution"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1534.615,"endTime":1540.9750000000001,"body":"asset is a radical new idea for utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1540.9850000000001,"endTime":1543.4850000000001,"body":"It hadn't been done in"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1540.9850000000001,"endTime":1543.4850000000001,"body":"the US prior to that."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1543.785,"endTime":1548.02,"body":"And now many other utilities are"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1543.785,"endTime":1548.02,"body":"starting to look at this  new"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1548.04,"endTime":1549.67,"body":"set of tools that they have."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1549.67,"endTime":1552.8500000000001,"body":"It's not just wires and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1549.67,"endTime":1552.8500000000001,"body":"transformers and undergrounding."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1552.8500000000001,"endTime":1557.6000000000001,"body":"It's inverter and batteries and solar"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1552.8500000000001,"endTime":1557.6000000000001,"body":"system and backup generation that they"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1557.6000000000001,"endTime":1561.41,"body":"can use to harden their grid, make it more"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1557.6000000000001,"endTime":1561.41,"body":"cost effective, make it more resilient."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1561.64,"endTime":1567.255,"body":"And so as we've grown as this concept"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1561.64,"endTime":1567.255,"body":"has grown we're working with utilities"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1567.255,"endTime":1572.2250000000001,"body":"across the US now across primarily the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1567.255,"endTime":1572.2250000000001,"body":"Western US primarily states impacted by"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1572.2250000000001,"endTime":1575.755,"body":"wildfires where this risk is most urgent."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1576.275,"endTime":1581.545,"body":"And are helping utilities adapt to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1576.275,"endTime":1581.545,"body":"climate change, are helping utilities"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1581.685,"endTime":1585.905,"body":"repair and replace the 70 year old"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1581.685,"endTime":1585.905,"body":"distribution infrastructure that we"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1585.905,"endTime":1587.8500000000001,"body":"can't economically maintain anymore."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1588.13,"endTime":1592.79,"body":"And so that has become another"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1588.13,"endTime":1592.79,"body":"major customer vertical that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1592.79,"endTime":1594.05,"body":"we work in here at Boxpower."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1595.327,"endTime":1596.027,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1596.037,"endTime":1602.6870000000001,"body":"And if I am in one of those areas"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1596.037,"endTime":1602.6870000000001,"body":"where the distribution assets have been"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1602.6870000000001,"endTime":1609.8970000000002,"body":"replaced by a microgrid, if there's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1602.6870000000001,"endTime":1609.8970000000002,"body":"a problem with my power system, do I"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1610.017,"endTime":1613.577,"body":"still call PG\u0026E or how is that managed?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1614.22,"endTime":1617.53,"body":"That's the beauty of it is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1614.22,"endTime":1617.53,"body":"that nothing changes for the customer."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1617.8400000000001,"endTime":1621.29,"body":"You pay the same rate as everyone"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1617.8400000000001,"endTime":1621.29,"body":"else in the utility district."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1621.893,"endTime":1625.8980000000001,"body":"The utility is responsible"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1621.893,"endTime":1625.8980000000001,"body":"for the long term ownership"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1626.088,"endTime":1628.068,"body":"and maintenance of the system."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1628.1680000000001,"endTime":1631.708,"body":"Functionally, they subcontract"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1628.1680000000001,"endTime":1631.708,"body":"that to us and we, we maintain and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1631.708,"endTime":1633.6580000000001,"body":"operate these micro grids for them."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1633.6580000000001,"endTime":1637.1380000000001,"body":"But the long term"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1633.6580000000001,"endTime":1637.1380000000001,"body":"responsibility is the utility's."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1637.748,"endTime":1640.298,"body":"And so, for the customer,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1637.748,"endTime":1640.298,"body":"there's no change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1640.338,"endTime":1643.308,"body":"You don't have to come up with"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1640.338,"endTime":1643.308,"body":"the upfront capital of deploying"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1643.308,"endTime":1645.208,"body":"your own solar and battery system."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1645.798,"endTime":1650.835,"body":"The utility is the financier of the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1645.798,"endTime":1650.835,"body":"system, they provide it, they own it, they"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1650.835,"endTime":1657.115,"body":"provide the service, and it saves them"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1650.835,"endTime":1657.115,"body":"in cases, millions of dollars relative"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1657.115,"endTime":1658.905,"body":"to the distribution infrastructure."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1658.905,"endTime":1664.296,"body":"And those costs, those costs are all costs"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1658.905,"endTime":1664.296,"body":"to get passed back to the rate payers."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1664.396,"endTime":1670.156,"body":"And so it's a significant saving"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1664.396,"endTime":1670.156,"body":"opportunity for utilities that in"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1670.156,"endTime":1673.656,"body":"a time where electricity rates,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1670.156,"endTime":1673.656,"body":"particularly here in California, have"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1673.656,"endTime":1676.896,"body":"been increasing 10, even 20% per year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1677.496,"endTime":1681.656,"body":"Any opportunity to reduce those"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1677.496,"endTime":1681.656,"body":"distribution costs is a major"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1681.656,"endTime":1683.536,"body":"savings opportunity for utilities."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1684.644,"endTime":1684.904,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1685.249,"endTime":1685.659,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1686.339,"endTime":1692.682,"body":"So when the utilities are making that"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1686.339,"endTime":1692.682,"body":"decision, whether to go underground or"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1692.722,"endTime":1699.0620000000001,"body":"vegetation manage or whatever it is versus"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1692.722,"endTime":1699.0620000000001,"body":"the micro grid, I got to think the trends"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1699.0620000000001,"endTime":1706.212,"body":"we've seen over the last decade or more"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1699.0620000000001,"endTime":1706.212,"body":"for the pricing of solar and storage in"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1706.212,"endTime":1710.559,"body":"particular, you're not dealing with wind,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1706.212,"endTime":1710.559,"body":"but wind as well, even  those price shifts"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1710.569,"endTime":1712.6290000000001,"body":"have to be working in your direction or."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1713.049,"endTime":1718.5990000000002,"body":"You know, for your benefit also for the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1713.049,"endTime":1718.5990000000002,"body":"benefit of PG\u0026E and their customers."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1718.6090000000002,"endTime":1722.669,"body":"So are you seeing more and more that"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1718.6090000000002,"endTime":1722.669,"body":"you're becoming price competitive and"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1722.679,"endTime":1726.3690000000001,"body":"therefore winning more of those are they"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1722.679,"endTime":1726.3690000000001,"body":"contracts, projects, whatever it is?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1726.981,"endTime":1727.671,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1727.671,"endTime":1730.021,"body":"I don't think I can"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1727.671,"endTime":1730.021,"body":"share any graphics here."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1730.021,"endTime":1734.601,"body":"So I'll hand, this is the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1730.021,"endTime":1734.601,"body":"cost of distribution spending."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1735.191,"endTime":1736.601,"body":"It's been going up and up."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1736.641,"endTime":1741.0910000000001,"body":"It is, if you look at nationally"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1736.641,"endTime":1741.0910000000001,"body":"for all utilities or just across the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1741.0910000000001,"endTime":1747.251,"body":"West coast or just in California, the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1741.0910000000001,"endTime":1747.251,"body":"cost of maintaining the distribution"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1747.251,"endTime":1751.121,"body":"system is increasing every year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1751.521,"endTime":1754.221,"body":"And it's not because the distribution"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1751.521,"endTime":1754.221,"body":"system is getting bigger."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1754.5610000000001,"endTime":1757.181,"body":"It's because what I talked about at"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1754.5610000000001,"endTime":1757.181,"body":"the beginning, It's falling apart."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1757.998,"endTime":1763.768,"body":"The vast majority of it was built 50 to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1757.998,"endTime":1763.768,"body":"70 years ago and has not been replaced."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1763.768,"endTime":1768.298,"body":"And so those those bills that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1763.768,"endTime":1768.298,"body":"back debt of deferred maintenance"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1769.028,"endTime":1770.558,"body":"is all coming home right now."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1770.558,"endTime":1773.268,"body":"And so the cost of maintaining"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1770.558,"endTime":1773.268,"body":"that distribution infrastructure"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1773.268,"endTime":1774.608,"body":"is going up and up and up."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1774.608,"endTime":1779.1380000000001,"body":"It's a larger and larger proportion"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1774.608,"endTime":1779.1380000000001,"body":"of a utilities annual budget"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1779.808,"endTime":1781.838,"body":"and a rate payers monthly bill."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1783.281,"endTime":1786.161,"body":"People think that they're paying"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1783.281,"endTime":1786.161,"body":"for the generation of electricity."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1786.161,"endTime":1790.521,"body":"Generation of electricity is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1786.161,"endTime":1790.521,"body":"actually a very small portion of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1790.531,"endTime":1792.511,"body":"the cost that you are paying for."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1793.0410000000002,"endTime":1797.141,"body":"Maintenance of the distribution and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1793.0410000000002,"endTime":1797.141,"body":"transmission system is a significantly"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1797.151,"endTime":1799.761,"body":"larger cost for rate payers."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1800.3110000000001,"endTime":1805.371,"body":"And then on the other side, we have"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1800.3110000000001,"endTime":1805.371,"body":"the cost of solar, and batteries."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1805.371,"endTime":1806.171,"body":"I'll start with solar."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1806.171,"endTime":1810.731,"body":"Solar, we saw a exponential, we call"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1806.171,"endTime":1810.731,"body":"it a hockey stick decline over the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1810.731,"endTime":1817.991,"body":"last 20 years, going from solar panels"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1810.731,"endTime":1817.991,"body":"costing $20 per watt in, late 90s,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1818.001,"endTime":1825.566,"body":"early 2000s down to today, we're buying"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1818.001,"endTime":1825.566,"body":"solar panels at 20 to 30 cents per watt."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1826.9660000000001,"endTime":1829.516,"body":"So, 100x decrease in cost."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1830.226,"endTime":1831.656,"body":"Battery technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1832.646,"endTime":1838.346,"body":"I'd say we're five years into"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1832.646,"endTime":1838.346,"body":"that 20 year cost reduction curve."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1838.6960000000001,"endTime":1844.126,"body":"We've seen lithium batteries"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1838.6960000000001,"endTime":1844.126,"body":"come down from over $1,000 per"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1844.126,"endTime":1850.406,"body":"kilowatt hour five years ago to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1844.126,"endTime":1850.406,"body":"two to 300 per kilowatt hour today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1851.026,"endTime":1855.376,"body":"And they're not done dropping because"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1851.026,"endTime":1855.376,"body":"the, the main drivers there, the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1855.4360000000001,"endTime":1857.306,"body":"industry is still relatively early."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1857.771,"endTime":1862.371,"body":"Electric vehicles are driving down the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1857.771,"endTime":1862.371,"body":"cost of battery storage and benefiting"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1862.371,"endTime":1864.5510000000002,"body":"and we all know the adoption curve."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1864.5610000000001,"endTime":1869.881,"body":"We're still in the very early stages of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1864.5610000000001,"endTime":1869.881,"body":"electric vehicle manufacturing adoption."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1869.891,"endTime":1874.721,"body":"So I think we will see again, orders of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1869.891,"endTime":1874.721,"body":"magnitude decrease in the cost of battery"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1874.721,"endTime":1876.871,"body":"storage over the next 5 and 10 years."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1876.871,"endTime":1881.5510000000002,"body":"And so you paint those two graphs against"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1876.871,"endTime":1881.5510000000002,"body":"each other and we're right around here."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1881.7910000000002,"endTime":1887.521,"body":"I'd say it's in the last three years"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1881.7910000000002,"endTime":1887.521,"body":"that it became economically viable."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1888.231,"endTime":1891.8310000000001,"body":"At sort of the extreme edge"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1888.231,"endTime":1891.8310000000001,"body":"sites, the the last mile"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1891.851,"endTime":1893.771,"body":"customer, the end of a dirt road."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1894.611,"endTime":1898.781,"body":"But as the distribution costs go up,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1894.611,"endTime":1898.781,"body":"and the solar and battery costs come"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1898.781,"endTime":1904.0910000000001,"body":"down, the sections of the grid where"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1898.781,"endTime":1904.0910000000001,"body":"it makes more and more sense to power"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1904.0910000000001,"endTime":1908.751,"body":"with distributed generation with micro"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1904.0910000000001,"endTime":1908.751,"body":"grids is going to grow and the portions"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1908.861,"endTime":1912.481,"body":"of the country where it makes sense"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1908.861,"endTime":1912.481,"body":"to rebuild distribution lines and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1912.481,"endTime":1915.691,"body":"serve with traditional infrastructure"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1912.481,"endTime":1915.691,"body":"is going to get smaller and smaller."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1915.691,"endTime":1919.3410000000001,"body":"So I think we are, we are truly"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1915.691,"endTime":1919.3410000000001,"body":"seeing the tip of the iceberg"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1919.3410000000001,"endTime":1921.681,"body":"right now for this technology."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1922.819,"endTime":1923.0990000000002,"body":"Nice."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1923.1390000000001,"endTime":1928.699,"body":"And in the battery space, it's not"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1923.1390000000001,"endTime":1928.699,"body":"just the price of the batteries that's"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1928.699,"endTime":1933.479,"body":"falling, but the energy density has"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1928.699,"endTime":1933.479,"body":"tripled in the last 10 years and the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1933.479,"endTime":1936.6090000000002,"body":"efficiency of solar panels has gone"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1933.479,"endTime":1936.6090000000002,"body":"up, although not nearly as much."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1937.029,"endTime":1943.6390000000001,"body":"So do you see a time where the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1937.029,"endTime":1943.6390000000001,"body":"need for the excess generator"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1944.169,"endTime":1946.789,"body":"that you are deploying with"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":1944.169,"endTime":1946.789,"body":"your micro grids might go away?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1948.496,"endTime":1951.586,"body":"Yes, though not with"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1948.496,"endTime":1951.586,"body":"lithium battery storage."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1952.1660000000002,"endTime":1955.866,"body":"I do agree that lithium battery storage"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1952.1660000000002,"endTime":1955.866,"body":"will continue to decrease in cost and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1955.866,"endTime":1962.476,"body":"it will become increasingly viable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1955.866,"endTime":1962.476,"body":"for larger and larger swaths of the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1962.496,"endTime":1965.836,"body":"country to adopt 100% renewable systems."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1965.836,"endTime":1971.576,"body":"I talked before, the farther you go north,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1965.836,"endTime":1971.576,"body":"the longer and darker your winter is."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1972.741,"endTime":1976.531,"body":"Alaska will never be able to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1972.741,"endTime":1976.531,"body":"have year round 100% renewable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1976.5510000000002,"endTime":1977.911,"body":"generation from solar."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1978.248,"endTime":1983.038,"body":"There simply isn't enough hours"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1978.248,"endTime":1983.038,"body":"of sunlight in many parts of the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1983.038,"endTime":1987.4180000000001,"body":"country and also I'll include Canada"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1983.038,"endTime":1987.4180000000001,"body":"and North America and the world to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1987.448,"endTime":1990.858,"body":"consistently produce enough solar"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1987.448,"endTime":1990.858,"body":"and battery generation every day."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1991.328,"endTime":1997.203,"body":"And battery technology lithium"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1991.328,"endTime":1997.203,"body":"in particular is really good at"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":1998.823,"endTime":2001.573,"body":"four hours, even now eight hours."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2001.573,"endTime":2005.2530000000002,"body":"And I think we'll get to a point"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2001.573,"endTime":2005.2530000000002,"body":"where 24 hours of backup is truly"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2005.2530000000002,"endTime":2010.673,"body":"viable via battery, but I don't see"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2005.2530000000002,"endTime":2010.673,"body":"a point where lithium battery storage"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2010.673,"endTime":2014.678,"body":"will enable seven days of backup."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2014.708,"endTime":2018.718,"body":"And it's because of a coupling"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2014.708,"endTime":2018.718,"body":"of power and energy density."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2019.268,"endTime":2022.8680000000002,"body":"Lithium batteries are good at dumping"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2019.268,"endTime":2022.8680000000002,"body":"a ton of power really quickly."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2022.8780000000002,"endTime":2024.008,"body":"Acceleration."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2024.008,"endTime":2026.308,"body":"We talked about a C rate of discharge."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2026.678,"endTime":2029.788,"body":"But there's some other technologies"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2026.678,"endTime":2029.788,"body":"that are really, really good"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2029.788,"endTime":2031.728,"body":"at long duration storage."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2032.6180000000002,"endTime":2037.548,"body":"Interestingly I consider hydrogen"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2032.6180000000002,"endTime":2037.548,"body":"a long duration storage technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2037.6580000000001,"endTime":2040.818,"body":"People often talk about"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2037.6580000000001,"endTime":2040.818,"body":"hydrogen as a generation source."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2041.358,"endTime":2041.928,"body":"It's not."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2042.348,"endTime":2044.3880000000001,"body":"It takes energy to produce hydrogen."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2044.698,"endTime":2047.1480000000001,"body":"Much of the hydrogen in the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2044.698,"endTime":2047.1480000000001,"body":"US is currently captured from"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2047.1480000000001,"endTime":2048.728,"body":"the natural gas industry."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2049.1929999999998,"endTime":2054.323,"body":"To get towards a green hydrogen it's"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2049.1929999999998,"endTime":2054.323,"body":"perfectly viable to create hydrogen using"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2054.343,"endTime":2056.423,"body":"excess solar power during the summer."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2056.423,"endTime":2059.803,"body":"So you're converting"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2056.423,"endTime":2059.803,"body":"solar power to hydrogen."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2060.343,"endTime":2065.033,"body":"You can then store that hydrogen in huge"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2060.343,"endTime":2065.033,"body":"tanks for the winter and then re convert"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2065.033,"endTime":2066.953,"body":"it to electricity through a fuel cell."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2067.353,"endTime":2070.7329999999997,"body":"So I consider hydrogen a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2067.353,"endTime":2070.7329999999997,"body":"long duration energy storage."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2071.453,"endTime":2076.156,"body":"There's other technologies metal"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2071.453,"endTime":2076.156,"body":"air batteries are a new technology"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2076.156,"endTime":2078.946,"body":"allowing very long duration storage."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2079.266,"endTime":2083.356,"body":"They don't have the acceleration"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2079.266,"endTime":2083.356,"body":"of lithium batteries."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2083.356,"endTime":2087.766,"body":"They don't have the ability to dump"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2083.356,"endTime":2087.766,"body":"all of their energy in 2 hours the way"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2087.766,"endTime":2092.036,"body":"that lithium does, but they're really"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2087.766,"endTime":2092.036,"body":"good at storing energy for 80 hours."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2092.096,"endTime":2096.786,"body":"There's other battery storage technologies"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2092.096,"endTime":2096.786,"body":"similar to that zinc air, iron air."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2096.7870000000003,"endTime":2103.507,"body":"Oxidation redox ox redox batteries"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2096.7870000000003,"endTime":2103.507,"body":"which they often call liquid batteries"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2104.137,"endTime":2112.447,"body":"that are currently in the scientific"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2104.137,"endTime":2112.447,"body":"proof of concept or pilot stage."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2113.117,"endTime":2116.1420000000003,"body":"Five years from now, I think we're"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2113.117,"endTime":2116.1420000000003,"body":"going to have alternatives to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2116.1420000000003,"endTime":2120.902,"body":"lithium that are much better for"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2116.1420000000003,"endTime":2120.902,"body":"long duration storage, where the idea"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2120.962,"endTime":2123.992,"body":"of seasonal storage becomes viable."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2124.082,"endTime":2128.052,"body":"And then we'll see the replacement"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2124.082,"endTime":2128.052,"body":"of fossil fuels entirely."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2128.942,"endTime":2129.332,"body":"In the meantime."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2131.127,"endTime":2135.377,"body":"most of the country can get to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2131.127,"endTime":2135.377,"body":"a 80 plus percent renewable with"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2135.387,"endTime":2137.2670000000003,"body":"the technology available today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2137.757,"endTime":2142.0570000000002,"body":"That last 20% is going to be the hard"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2137.757,"endTime":2142.0570000000002,"body":"part, but I'm very optimistic that the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2142.067,"endTime":2144.0170000000003,"body":"technology is coming to accomplish that."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2145.344,"endTime":2146.484,"body":"Nice, nice."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2147.342,"endTime":2151.302,"body":"Angelo, you mentioned that you"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2147.342,"endTime":2151.302,"body":"have a background in anthropology"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2151.302,"endTime":2152.272,"body":"as well as engineering."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2152.702,"endTime":2157.972,"body":"That kind of feels like a bit of a"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2152.702,"endTime":2157.972,"body":"setup to a great superhero origin story."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2158.172,"endTime":2161.782,"body":"If, if BoxPower were a character"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2158.172,"endTime":2161.782,"body":"in a Marvel or Star Wars"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2161.782,"endTime":2163.192,"body":"film, who would it be and why?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2166.39,"endTime":2168.29,"body":"Well, I've never"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2166.39,"endTime":2168.29,"body":"watched a Marvel movie."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2168.43,"endTime":2172.0,"body":"There's a, there's a surprising"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2168.43,"endTime":2172.0,"body":"secret, so I couldn't answer that."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2172.11,"endTime":2174.85,"body":"Well, my favorite character"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2172.11,"endTime":2174.85,"body":"from Star Wars is C 3PO."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2175.0,"endTime":2177.76,"body":"and I think that maybe"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2175.0,"endTime":2177.76,"body":"captures a little bit of the."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2178.66,"endTime":2183.79,"body":"technical capability, but trying to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2178.66,"endTime":2183.79,"body":"understand how humans really work."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2184.19,"endTime":2191.64,"body":"What drove me to start studying"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2184.19,"endTime":2191.64,"body":"anthropology was the realisation,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2191.66,"endTime":2195.62,"body":"so my, my academic career, I worked"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2191.66,"endTime":2195.62,"body":"in micro grids the whole time,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2196.16,"endTime":2199.735,"body":"but I actually switched around"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2196.16,"endTime":2199.735,"body":"majors six times during that."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2199.795,"endTime":2203.145,"body":"I spent time in the climatology"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2199.795,"endTime":2203.145,"body":"department, the electrical"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2203.145,"endTime":2206.635,"body":"engineering department, the civil"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2203.145,"endTime":2206.635,"body":"engineering department, and the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2206.635,"endTime":2208.375,"body":"geotechnical engineering department."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2210.0750000000003,"endTime":2216.105,"body":"Part of what drove me to bounce around"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2210.0750000000003,"endTime":2216.105,"body":"like that was the, the frustration or"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2216.105,"endTime":2222.465,"body":"the realisation that we have all the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2216.105,"endTime":2222.465,"body":"technology to stop climate change today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2223.805,"endTime":2226.405,"body":"People talk about needing"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2223.805,"endTime":2226.405,"body":"some breakthrough small"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2226.405,"endTime":2228.305,"body":"modular nuclear reactors."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2228.905,"endTime":2229.645,"body":"It's not true."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2230.645,"endTime":2236.905,"body":"We have the technology today to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2230.645,"endTime":2236.905,"body":"dramatically reduce, maybe not"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2236.935,"endTime":2242.305,"body":"eliminate, but dramatically reduce to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2236.935,"endTime":2242.305,"body":"pre 1980 levels our climate emissions."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2243.235,"endTime":2246.585,"body":"With the solar panels we have today"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2243.235,"endTime":2246.585,"body":"with the batteries we have today"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2246.585,"endTime":2249.745,"body":"with the wind turbines with the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2246.585,"endTime":2249.745,"body":"energy efficiency improvements,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2249.745,"endTime":2252.155,"body":"which I think is the most overlooked."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2252.515,"endTime":2255.685,"body":"You can't generate your"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2252.515,"endTime":2255.685,"body":"way out of climate change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2255.685,"endTime":2260.415,"body":"We need to reduce energy consumption,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2255.685,"endTime":2260.415,"body":"more efficient buildings, more"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2260.415,"endTime":2265.145,"body":"efficient materials manufacturing"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2260.415,"endTime":2265.145,"body":"and all of that exists."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2266.4,"endTime":2270.18,"body":"The reason that we haven't stopped"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2266.4,"endTime":2270.18,"body":"climate change is human behavior."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2270.9900000000002,"endTime":2272.85,"body":"It's resistance to change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2273.41,"endTime":2275.687,"body":"It is cultural momentum."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2277.187,"endTime":2279.5570000000002,"body":"That is why we aren't"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2277.187,"endTime":2279.5570000000002,"body":"stopping climate change today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2279.5570000000002,"endTime":2284.627,"body":"It's because it is so much easier to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2279.5570000000002,"endTime":2284.627,"body":"just keep doing what we've always done."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2286.607,"endTime":2291.007,"body":"Change isn't accomplished by"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2286.607,"endTime":2291.007,"body":"a breakthrough technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2291.007,"endTime":2295.297,"body":"Change is accomplished by"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2291.007,"endTime":2295.297,"body":"adoption of technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2295.477,"endTime":2300.69,"body":"And that was where I originally thought"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2295.477,"endTime":2300.69,"body":"when I started, I was like, Oh, we"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2300.69,"endTime":2304.96,"body":"need to develop new technologies and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2300.69,"endTime":2304.96,"body":"realised, no, we need to implement"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2304.96,"endTime":2306.2200000000003,"body":"the technologies we already have."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2307.26,"endTime":2309.37,"body":"We need to facilitate change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2309.37,"endTime":2310.7400000000002,"body":"We need to change minds."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2310.7400000000002,"endTime":2316.12,"body":"We need to help the institutions,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2310.7400000000002,"endTime":2316.12,"body":"the organisations that be,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2317.3,"endTime":2318.9700000000003,"body":"we need to help them change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2319.11,"endTime":2322.13,"body":"Or in other cases, we need"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2319.11,"endTime":2322.13,"body":"to force them to change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2323.045,"endTime":2330.735,"body":"And that is what drove me to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2323.045,"endTime":2330.735,"body":"anthropology was the question of why?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2331.505,"endTime":2334.3450000000003,"body":"Why don't some people still"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2331.505,"endTime":2334.3450000000003,"body":"believe in climate change?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2335.025,"endTime":2337.475,"body":"Why is that still a controversial topic?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2337.495,"endTime":2342.395,"body":"And even among those who do"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2337.495,"endTime":2342.395,"body":"believe in climate change?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2342.395,"endTime":2342.8650000000002,"body":"Why?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2343.515,"endTime":2346.205,"body":"Why haven't we eliminated"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2343.515,"endTime":2346.205,"body":"fossil fuel vehicles?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2346.235,"endTime":2350.185,"body":"Why haven't we eliminated"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2346.235,"endTime":2350.185,"body":"single use plastic packaging?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2350.185,"endTime":2352.285,"body":"Like there's all these obvious solutions."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2352.3450000000003,"endTime":2356.625,"body":"And and the answer is because"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2352.3450000000003,"endTime":2356.625,"body":"people don't like change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2356.635,"endTime":2358.375,"body":"People are slow to change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2358.375,"endTime":2363.0750000000003,"body":"And so it was that contradiction"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2358.375,"endTime":2363.0750000000003,"body":"that drove me to ask the question"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2363.0750000000003,"endTime":2365.025,"body":"of why are people like that?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2365.105,"endTime":2365.815,"body":"Why?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2366.005,"endTime":2367.625,"body":"Why is change so hard?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2367.695,"endTime":2370.535,"body":"Why do we have this resistance to it?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2370.995,"endTime":2371.965,"body":"And I haven't answered."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2371.985,"endTime":2372.8650000000002,"body":"I haven't solved it."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2372.995,"endTime":2377.495,"body":"But I think that perspective for"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2372.995,"endTime":2377.495,"body":"me that at the end of the day,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2377.495,"endTime":2379.625,"body":"technology will only get us so far."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2380.885,"endTime":2387.525,"body":"It is people and it is behavior that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2380.885,"endTime":2387.525,"body":"will be the actual barrier is what"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2387.525,"endTime":2391.085,"body":"fascinated me about anthropology and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2387.525,"endTime":2391.085,"body":"what drove me there and I think has"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2391.085,"endTime":2395.5950000000003,"body":"been very influential in my thinking"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2391.085,"endTime":2395.5950000000003,"body":"of how we work as a company, the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2395.5950000000003,"endTime":2399.455,"body":"work we do, all the way down to the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2395.5950000000003,"endTime":2399.455,"body":"reason of why we work with utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2399.515,"endTime":2404.975,"body":"You know, believe it or not, we get a lot"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2399.515,"endTime":2404.975,"body":"of criticism for working with utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2405.245,"endTime":2410.42,"body":"Utilities have historically been"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2405.245,"endTime":2410.42,"body":"sort of, the enemy of distributed"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2410.42,"endTime":2413.08,"body":"generation of micro grids of renewables."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2413.14,"endTime":2415.01,"body":"And I would say it's for"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2413.14,"endTime":2415.01,"body":"a couple of, reasons."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2415.1,"endTime":2418.7200000000003,"body":"There may be some selfish element there"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2415.1,"endTime":2418.7200000000003,"body":"of you know, utilities have enjoyed"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2418.73,"endTime":2423.38,"body":"being a monopoly on power generation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2418.73,"endTime":2423.38,"body":"and power services for 100 years And"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2423.93,"endTime":2428.06,"body":"distributed generation and solar is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2423.93,"endTime":2428.06,"body":"a direct threat to that monopoly,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2428.06,"endTime":2430.06,"body":"or at least is perceived as one."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2430.6,"endTime":2432.05,"body":"There's also just a risk aversion."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2432.63,"endTime":2437.39,"body":"Utilities are like governments"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2432.63,"endTime":2437.39,"body":"that they just move slowly."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2437.42,"endTime":2440.41,"body":"They're huge bureaucratic machines."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2441.23,"endTime":2446.62,"body":"They have not, for the most part,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2441.23,"endTime":2446.62,"body":"embraced renewables and micro"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2446.62,"endTime":2448.54,"body":"grids and DERs with open arms."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2448.57,"endTime":2452.34,"body":"And because of that, there's been a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2448.57,"endTime":2452.34,"body":"lot of hostility between the solar"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2452.4500000000003,"endTime":2456.04,"body":"industry, the battery industry,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2452.4500000000003,"endTime":2456.04,"body":"utilities, and us versus them."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2456.57,"endTime":2460.82,"body":"I immediately saw utilities are"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2456.57,"endTime":2460.82,"body":"utilities are an irreplaceable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2460.84,"endTime":2462.68,"body":"fact of our electrical grid."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2463.35,"endTime":2463.9900000000002,"body":"They're here."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2464.91,"endTime":2470.4900000000002,"body":"They own wires, interconnecting almost"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2464.91,"endTime":2470.4900000000002,"body":"every home business in the country."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2470.4900000000002,"endTime":2473.31,"body":"They have an immense amount of value."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2474.92,"endTime":2476.65,"body":"We can't just change around them."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2476.65,"endTime":2478.14,"body":"We can't leave them behind."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2478.69,"endTime":2481.12,"body":"You know, whether we like it or"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2478.69,"endTime":2481.12,"body":"not, utilities are too big to fail."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2481.13,"endTime":2482.7400000000002,"body":"They're too valuable to fail."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2482.75,"endTime":2487.11,"body":"It's why PG\u0026E has been bailed out"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2482.75,"endTime":2487.11,"body":"five times in the last eight years"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2487.18,"endTime":2489.38,"body":"out of bankruptcy is we need them."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2490.54,"endTime":2493.46,"body":"And I believe that the renewable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2490.54,"endTime":2493.46,"body":"industry and the microgrid industry,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2493.4900000000002,"endTime":2495.59,"body":"we need to bring utilities along."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2496.32,"endTime":2499.33,"body":"We cannot just innovate"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2496.32,"endTime":2499.33,"body":"and change past them."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2499.92,"endTime":2502.13,"body":"We can't leave them behind"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2499.92,"endTime":2502.13,"body":"and solve the problems."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2502.13,"endTime":2506.15,"body":"If they're still digging their heels"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2502.13,"endTime":2506.15,"body":"and saying, no centralised generation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2506.15,"endTime":2508.25,"body":"and transmission is the only way."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2508.985,"endTime":2514.828,"body":"They will be a barrier until until"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2508.985,"endTime":2514.828,"body":"we open their minds to the new tools,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2514.838,"endTime":2518.178,"body":"the new models, the new generation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2514.838,"endTime":2518.178,"body":"sources that are available to us."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2518.178,"endTime":2522.7780000000002,"body":"And I think that sort of pragmatism"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2518.178,"endTime":2522.7780000000002,"body":"came from my, my background in"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2522.7780000000002,"endTime":2524.578,"body":"anthropology, along with my engineering."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2524.833,"endTime":2529.938,"body":"We have to live and work within the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2524.833,"endTime":2529.938,"body":"circumstances, and the environment,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2529.978,"endTime":2533.688,"body":"and the world and the players"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2529.978,"endTime":2533.688,"body":"that we have to accomplish change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2533.948,"endTime":2538.128,"body":"As much as I would like to just start"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2533.948,"endTime":2538.128,"body":"from scratch and build, build a new"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2538.138,"endTime":2544.458,"body":"electrical grid of distributed micro"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2538.138,"endTime":2544.458,"body":"grids that is not going to get us out of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2544.458,"endTime":2546.398,"body":"the way of catastrophic climate change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2546.718,"endTime":2549.668,"body":"We need every player together at the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2546.718,"endTime":2549.668,"body":"table working together to do that."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2551.221,"endTime":2555.871,"body":"Okay, and where"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2551.221,"endTime":2555.871,"body":"do you see the microgrid space"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2555.881,"endTime":2557.801,"body":"going in the next 5, 10 years?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2557.851,"endTime":2561.525,"body":"I can see it going two"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2557.851,"endTime":2561.525,"body":"ways or rather I can see it going"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2561.525,"endTime":2568.44,"body":"in many ways, depending on the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2561.525,"endTime":2568.44,"body":"the innovation and pace with which"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2568.44,"endTime":2569.722,"body":"regulatories and utilities change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2569.722,"endTime":2571.005,"body":"There is a Utopic"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2575.34,"endTime":2581.7000000000003,"body":"version, where utilities and regulatory"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2575.34,"endTime":2581.7000000000003,"body":"agencies embrace micro grids, embrace"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2581.7000000000003,"endTime":2587.26,"body":"micro grid technologies, create"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2581.7000000000003,"endTime":2587.26,"body":"incentive structures and tariff"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2587.26,"endTime":2592.66,"body":"structures that both incentivise"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2587.26,"endTime":2592.66,"body":"distributed generation and micro grids."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2593.07,"endTime":2597.59,"body":"While also equitably compensating"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2593.07,"endTime":2597.59,"body":"the utilities for the critical"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2597.59,"endTime":2601.64,"body":"service that they provide from a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2597.59,"endTime":2601.64,"body":"distribution perspective as well as"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2601.64,"endTime":2603.41,"body":"utilities deploying battery storage."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2603.42,"endTime":2609.43,"body":"I think there's a critical role of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2603.42,"endTime":2609.43,"body":"utilities and particularly bringing micro"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2609.43,"endTime":2614.67,"body":"grid, solar and battery technologies to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2609.43,"endTime":2614.67,"body":"low income areas acting as a financier,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2614.69,"endTime":2620.7000000000003,"body":"a cost equaliser to make sure that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2614.69,"endTime":2620.7000000000003,"body":"everyone benefits from these technologies."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2621.215,"endTime":2625.745,"body":"Not just successful corporations,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2621.215,"endTime":2625.745,"body":"not just wealthy residences."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2626.175,"endTime":2630.765,"body":"The utilities role needs to be"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2626.175,"endTime":2630.765,"body":"the great equaliser that ensures"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2630.765,"endTime":2635.525,"body":"that reliability stays relatively"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2630.765,"endTime":2635.525,"body":"consistent across the distribution."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2635.525,"endTime":2642.065,"body":"And you don't have a inequality of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2635.525,"endTime":2642.065,"body":"reliability along socioeconomic lines"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2642.065,"endTime":2645.145,"body":"between those who can afford their"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2642.065,"endTime":2645.145,"body":"own micro grid and those who can't."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2645.805,"endTime":2651.6150000000002,"body":"And so I do believe there is a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2645.805,"endTime":2651.6150000000002,"body":"positive outcome where utilities"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2651.655,"endTime":2657.59,"body":"adopt modern technology, behind the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2651.655,"endTime":2657.59,"body":"meter generation and are compensated"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2657.59,"endTime":2661.58,"body":"in such a way that there is still a"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2657.59,"endTime":2661.58,"body":"viable utility business model, but it"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2661.58,"endTime":2663.44,"body":"doesn't look the same as it is today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2663.58,"endTime":2668.2000000000003,"body":"It is not a purely centralised generation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2663.58,"endTime":2668.2000000000003,"body":"transmission and distribution model."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2668.2000000000003,"endTime":2671.23,"body":"It is not a radial single direction."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2671.23,"endTime":2672.18,"body":"I'd say mesh."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2672.19,"endTime":2672.9,"body":"It's a web."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2672.91,"endTime":2674.92,"body":"It's bi directional, It's flexible."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2674.93,"endTime":2677.38,"body":"That's the utopic vision."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2678.28,"endTime":2681.5,"body":"The dystopic vision is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2678.28,"endTime":2681.5,"body":"utilities don't adopt."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2682.08,"endTime":2683.61,"body":"They don't embrace this technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2683.61,"endTime":2684.28,"body":"They don't allow it."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2684.29,"endTime":2690.5,"body":"They don't advocate for these equitable"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2684.29,"endTime":2690.5,"body":"rate and tariff structures that both allow"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2691.21,"endTime":2695.38,"body":"micro grids behind the meter generation,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2691.21,"endTime":2695.38,"body":"provide it to low income communities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2695.38,"endTime":2697.12,"body":"Instead, they dig in their"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2695.38,"endTime":2697.12,"body":"heels and they resist."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2697.31,"endTime":2697.91,"body":"No, no, no."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2697.91,"endTime":2699.02,"body":"Change is scary."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2699.02,"endTime":2700.29,"body":"We don't want change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2700.61,"endTime":2701.69,"body":"Change is hard."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2702.198,"endTime":2704.978,"body":"Think of all the technical"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2702.198,"endTime":2704.978,"body":"specifications that we would"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2704.978,"endTime":2706.588,"body":"have to rewrite to allow this."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2706.588,"endTime":2707.928,"body":"That will take years."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2707.948,"endTime":2710.288,"body":"Like that's the kind of obstacles we have."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2712.378,"endTime":2714.5280000000002,"body":"There's something called"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2712.378,"endTime":2714.5280000000002,"body":"the utility death spiral."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2714.828,"endTime":2715.948,"body":"It's been well publicised."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2715.968,"endTime":2717.178,"body":"It's not my term."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2718.378,"endTime":2721.698,"body":"And it's what happens when utility"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2718.378,"endTime":2721.698,"body":"rates start going up and up and up."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2722.478,"endTime":2723.158,"body":"And."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2723.838,"endTime":2726.888,"body":"Behind the meter generation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2723.838,"endTime":2726.888,"body":"technologies start getting"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2726.898,"endTime":2728.478,"body":"cheaper and cheaper and cheaper."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2729.068,"endTime":2731.418,"body":"And you start getting something"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2729.068,"endTime":2731.418,"body":"called grid defection."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2731.968,"endTime":2735.0480000000002,"body":"We saw that massively in Puerto"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2731.968,"endTime":2735.0480000000002,"body":"Rico after hurricane Maria,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2735.5480000000002,"endTime":2736.868,"body":"There wasn't a grid for a year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2736.868,"endTime":2741.418,"body":"And so tens of thousands of Puerto"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2736.868,"endTime":2741.418,"body":"Ricans built off grid solar and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2741.428,"endTime":2743.2580000000003,"body":"battery systems in their homes."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2743.308,"endTime":2746.288,"body":"Well, when the grid was"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2743.308,"endTime":2746.288,"body":"repaired, they said, where have"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2746.288,"endTime":2747.378,"body":"you been for the last year?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2747.378,"endTime":2748.418,"body":"We don't need you."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2748.7580000000003,"endTime":2754.288,"body":"now A utility's electricity costs"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2748.7580000000003,"endTime":2754.288,"body":"are their total electrical sales"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2754.5280000000002,"endTime":2756.358,"body":"divided by their total cost."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2757.168,"endTime":2760.018,"body":"And that's how they set their"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2757.168,"endTime":2760.018,"body":"rates for the next year."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2760.0280000000002,"endTime":2763.158,"body":"Now, two things can cause"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2760.0280000000002,"endTime":2763.158,"body":"those rates to go up."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2764.818,"endTime":2769.388,"body":"The costs on the bottom, the denominator"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2764.818,"endTime":2769.388,"body":"going up, more distribution spending"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2769.768,"endTime":2774.038,"body":"more costly to maintain a grid, But the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2769.768,"endTime":2774.038,"body":"other thing that can make that rate go"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2774.038,"endTime":2779.538,"body":"up is the, the top section, the sales"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2774.038,"endTime":2779.538,"body":"going down, they have to spread those"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2779.538,"endTime":2781.118,"body":"costs across all of their customers."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2781.118,"endTime":2784.358,"body":"And if their number of customers"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2781.118,"endTime":2784.358,"body":"go down, their rates go up."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2784.728,"endTime":2789.0280000000002,"body":"If their electricity sales go down, their"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2784.728,"endTime":2789.0280000000002,"body":"rates go up under the current structure."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2789.448,"endTime":2791.328,"body":"What you get is a negative"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2789.448,"endTime":2791.328,"body":"feedback loop there."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2791.6730000000002,"endTime":2797.393,"body":"You have fewer and fewer customers"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2791.6730000000002,"endTime":2797.393,"body":"buying less and less energy, more and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2797.393,"endTime":2801.303,"body":"more expensive to serve the remaining"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2797.393,"endTime":2801.303,"body":"customers, and you have an out of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2801.303,"endTime":2803.553,"body":"control spiral of electricity rates."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2804.043,"endTime":2806.973,"body":"That is a scary future"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2804.043,"endTime":2806.973,"body":"for electric utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2807.063,"endTime":2810.823,"body":"That is one that will question"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2807.063,"endTime":2810.823,"body":"and threaten the viability"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2810.823,"endTime":2811.983,"body":"of electric utilities."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2811.983,"endTime":2813.993,"body":"And so, I'm optimistic."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2814.108,"endTime":2820.128,"body":"I think that enough utilities"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2814.108,"endTime":2820.128,"body":"understand and see the need for change"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2820.128,"endTime":2822.318,"body":"the need to adopt new technology."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2822.318,"endTime":2827.928,"body":"And I'm very encouraged by the number of"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2822.318,"endTime":2827.928,"body":"utilities spinning up grid innovation."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2828.328,"endTime":2834.2980000000002,"body":"Performance based incentive structures"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2828.328,"endTime":2834.2980000000002,"body":"with an open mind to this, but"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2834.958,"endTime":2836.368,"body":"there really isn't an option."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2837.538,"endTime":2840.868,"body":"The alternative is the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2837.538,"endTime":2840.868,"body":"utility death spiral."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2841.138,"endTime":2844.2780000000002,"body":"And I think that that is something"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2841.138,"endTime":2844.2780000000002,"body":"that every utility executive"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2844.2780000000002,"endTime":2845.178,"body":"should be thinking about."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2845.188,"endTime":2851.058,"body":"What are they doing today to maintain"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2845.188,"endTime":2851.058,"body":"relevance in a world where distributed"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2851.058,"endTime":2855.288,"body":"behind the meter generation becomes"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2851.058,"endTime":2855.288,"body":"accessible to more and more consumers?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2856.462,"endTime":2857.972,"body":"Left field question, Angelo."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2858.402,"endTime":2865.6620000000003,"body":"If you could have any person or"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2858.402,"endTime":2865.6620000000003,"body":"character alive or dead, fictional"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2865.6620000000003,"endTime":2871.362,"body":"or real as a spokesperson for micro"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2865.6620000000003,"endTime":2871.362,"body":"grids, who would it be and why?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2872.585,"endTime":2873.675,"body":"Yeah, that's a good question."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2873.675,"endTime":2874.005,"body":"My answer is"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2876.045,"endTime":2881.785,"body":"not just for micro grids, but for"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2876.045,"endTime":2881.785,"body":"infrastructure investment, for"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2881.835,"endTime":2888.125,"body":"climate change, for the magnitude"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2881.835,"endTime":2888.125,"body":"of the challenge that we face today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2888.675,"endTime":2891.445,"body":"I'm a big believer and we need a new deal."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2891.665,"endTime":2894.3450000000003,"body":"We need a green new deal for America."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2894.505,"endTime":2895.6150000000002,"body":"We need Franklin Roosevelt."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2895.945,"endTime":2900.635,"body":"We need a civilian conservation"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2895.945,"endTime":2900.635,"body":"corps committed to modernising our"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2900.635,"endTime":2906.275,"body":"grid combating climate change, and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2900.635,"endTime":2906.275,"body":"enacting conservation measures."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2906.3250000000003,"endTime":2909.3250000000003,"body":"That was what got the US"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2906.3250000000003,"endTime":2909.3250000000003,"body":"out of the Great Depression."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2910.335,"endTime":2914.8250000000003,"body":"I really hope we can enact it before"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2910.335,"endTime":2914.8250000000003,"body":"we go into the second Great Climate"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2914.8250000000003,"endTime":2916.3250000000003,"body":"Change Induced World Depression."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2917.264,"endTime":2919.334,"body":"Angelo, we're coming"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2917.264,"endTime":2919.334,"body":"towards the end of the podcast now."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2919.334,"endTime":2924.114,"body":"Is there any question I haven't asked"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2919.334,"endTime":2924.114,"body":"that you wish I had, or any aspect of"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2924.114,"endTime":2927.304,"body":"this we haven't touched on that you think"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":2924.114,"endTime":2927.304,"body":"it's important for people to be aware of?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2928.851,"endTime":2931.531,"body":"I have a message"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2928.851,"endTime":2931.531,"body":"for clean tech investors."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2931.591,"endTime":2938.841,"body":"I have a, message for the immense venture"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2931.591,"endTime":2938.841,"body":"capital, private equity, growth equity"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2938.841,"endTime":2941.6910000000003,"body":"funds that have carbon reduction mandates."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2943.331,"endTime":2947.051,"body":"My message there is that the Silicon"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2943.331,"endTime":2947.051,"body":"Valley model doesn't work for clean tech."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2949.771,"endTime":2954.136,"body":"We're eight years in we've grown, we've"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2949.771,"endTime":2954.136,"body":"had immense success, we're profitable,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2954.136,"endTime":2960.856,"body":"and yet the number of investors that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2954.136,"endTime":2960.856,"body":"we talked to who believe that software"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2960.856,"endTime":2968.096,"body":"alone can solve climate change and"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2960.856,"endTime":2968.096,"body":"that traditional unicorn Silicon Valley"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2968.106,"endTime":2973.756,"body":"growth models apply to climate change,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2968.106,"endTime":2973.756,"body":"to clean tech and to carbon reduction."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2974.866,"endTime":2980.356,"body":"If investors want to get serious about ESG"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2974.866,"endTime":2980.356,"body":"goals, carbon reduction and clean tech."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2980.376,"endTime":2983.006,"body":"They need to change their"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2980.376,"endTime":2983.006,"body":"frame of reference for what"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2983.006,"endTime":2984.766,"body":"makes a successful business."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2986.2960000000003,"endTime":2991.506,"body":"At the end of the day, combating"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2986.2960000000003,"endTime":2991.506,"body":"climate change is going to take"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2991.536,"endTime":2993.636,"body":"massive infrastructure investment."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2993.906,"endTime":2996.356,"body":"And infrastructure involves construction."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2996.971,"endTime":2998.701,"body":"We need construction innovation."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":2998.981,"endTime":3000.841,"body":"We need business model innovation."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3000.841,"endTime":3004.481,"body":"We need just successful businesses"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3000.841,"endTime":3004.481,"body":"out there making an impact,"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3004.511,"endTime":3006.381,"body":"putting solar panels in the ground."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3007.221,"endTime":3012.551,"body":"And if VCs remain focused on finding"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3007.221,"endTime":3012.551,"body":"software unicorns that promise that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3012.551,"endTime":3016.871,"body":"they can solve climate change with"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3012.551,"endTime":3016.871,"body":"a software as a service business"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3016.871,"endTime":3021.481,"body":"model, we're going to be very hard"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3016.871,"endTime":3021.481,"body":"pressed to launch the businesses that"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3021.481,"endTime":3023.731,"body":"we need to combat climate change."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3023.781,"endTime":3027.391,"body":"So my message is clean tech investors."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3028.231,"endTime":3032.561,"body":"Take a look at what this country"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3028.231,"endTime":3032.561,"body":"really needs and is your investment"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3032.561,"endTime":3033.801,"body":"thesis aligned with that?"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3034.5,"endTime":3038.2200000000003,"body":"Angelo, if people would"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3034.5,"endTime":3038.2200000000003,"body":"like to know more about yourself or"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3038.59,"endTime":3042.03,"body":"any of the things we podcast today,"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3038.59,"endTime":3042.03,"body":"where would you have me direct them?"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3042.837,"endTime":3043.407,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3043.7870000000003,"endTime":3049.047,"body":"You can find a wealth of information about"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3043.7870000000003,"endTime":3049.047,"body":"BoxPower on our website, which is www."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3049.077,"endTime":3050.737,"body":"boxpower."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3050.737,"endTime":3050.882,"body":"io."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3051.357,"endTime":3054.5370000000003,"body":"And I encourage all of you"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3051.357,"endTime":3054.5370000000003,"body":"to find us on social media."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3054.5570000000002,"endTime":3056.707,"body":"We're on all the typical platforms."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3056.727,"endTime":3058.387,"body":"I personally am very active on LinkedIn."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3058.937,"endTime":3059.737,"body":"We'd love to connect."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3059.737,"endTime":3063.747,"body":"We'd love to talk and encourage you to"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3059.737,"endTime":3063.747,"body":"follow us if you're interested in micro"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3063.747,"endTime":3069.227,"body":"grids, the energy transition and  the"},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3063.747,"endTime":3069.227,"body":"efforts needed to combat climate change."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3070.6,"endTime":3071.19,"body":"Fantastic."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3071.3,"endTime":3071.56,"body":"Great."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3071.94,"endTime":3072.25,"body":"Angelo."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3072.25,"endTime":3073.16,"body":"That's been fascinating."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3073.18,"endTime":3074.77,"body":"Thanks a million for coming"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3073.18,"endTime":3074.77,"body":"on the podcast today."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3075.5570000000002,"endTime":3076.077,"body":"It's my pleasure."},{"speaker":"Angelo","startTime":3076.137,"endTime":3076.657,"body":"Thank you, Tom."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3079.1530000000002,"endTime":3081.023,"body":"Okay, we've"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3079.1530000000002,"endTime":3081.023,"body":"come to the end of the show."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3081.743,"endTime":3082.853,"body":"Thanks everyone for listening."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3083.713,"endTime":3087.863,"body":"If you'd like to know more about the"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3083.713,"endTime":3087.863,"body":"Climate Confident podcast, feel free to"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3087.873,"endTime":3091.783,"body":"drop me an email to tomraftery at outlook."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3092.033,"endTime":3095.513,"body":"com or message me on LinkedIn or Twitter."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3096.083,"endTime":3099.823,"body":"If you like the show, please don't"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3096.083,"endTime":3099.823,"body":"forget to click follow on it in your"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3099.843,"endTime":3104.323,"body":"podcast application of choice to get new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3099.843,"endTime":3104.323,"body":"episodes as soon as they're published."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3104.953,"endTime":3107.913,"body":"Also, please don't forget to"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3104.953,"endTime":3107.913,"body":"rate and review the podcast."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3108.113,"endTime":3110.643,"body":"It really does help new"},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3108.113,"endTime":3110.643,"body":"people to find the show."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3111.733,"endTime":3112.183,"body":"Thanks."},{"speaker":"Tom Raftery","startTime":3112.853,"endTime":3113.773,"body":"Catch you all next time."}]}