{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":3.507,"endTime":4.657,"body":"The sun is is there."},{"startTime":4.687,"endTime":7.153,"body":"We can we can catch so"},{"startTime":4.687,"endTime":7.153,"body":"much energy from it."},{"startTime":8.163,"endTime":10.048,"body":"But we need to make it happen."},{"startTime":10.168,"endTime":13.498,"body":"We need to deploy fast which we are"},{"startTime":10.168,"endTime":13.498,"body":"doing but we also need to make sure"},{"startTime":13.498,"endTime":19.808,"body":"we manufacture so we take advantage of"},{"startTime":13.498,"endTime":19.808,"body":"that, or look into our energy security"},{"startTime":21.168,"endTime":25.098,"body":"Good morning, good afternoon, or good"},{"startTime":21.168,"endTime":25.098,"body":"evening, wherever you are in the world."},{"startTime":25.518,"endTime":29.868,"body":"Welcome to episode 219 of the"},{"startTime":25.518,"endTime":29.868,"body":"Climate Cotton Podcast, the go-to"},{"startTime":29.868,"endTime":34.158,"body":"show for best practices in climate"},{"startTime":29.868,"endTime":34.158,"body":"emission reductions and removals."},{"startTime":34.758,"endTime":37.818,"body":"I'm your host, Tom Raftery, and if"},{"startTime":34.758,"endTime":37.818,"body":"you haven't already, be sure to follow"},{"startTime":37.818,"endTime":41.778,"body":"the podcast in your podcast app f"},{"startTime":37.818,"endTime":41.778,"body":"choice so you never miss an episode."},{"startTime":42.528,"endTime":46.368,"body":"Before we get going, a huge thank you to"},{"startTime":42.528,"endTime":46.368,"body":"this podcast's, incredible supporters."},{"startTime":46.758,"endTime":50.148,"body":"Your backing keeps this podcast"},{"startTime":46.758,"endTime":50.148,"body":"going and I truly appreciate"},{"startTime":50.418,"endTime":51.558,"body":"each and every one of you."},{"startTime":52.428,"endTime":55.608,"body":"If you'd like to join our community,"},{"startTime":52.428,"endTime":55.608,"body":"you can click on the support link in"},{"startTime":55.608,"endTime":57.498,"body":"the show notes of this or any episode."},{"startTime":57.798,"endTime":61.278,"body":"It's as little as three euros, which"},{"startTime":57.798,"endTime":61.278,"body":"is less than a cost of a cup of coffee,"},{"startTime":61.758,"endTime":63.288,"body":"and it'll really be appreciated."},{"startTime":63.798,"endTime":68.688,"body":"Now you know how solar panels usually"},{"startTime":63.798,"endTime":68.688,"body":"max out at around 20% efficiency."},{"startTime":69.408,"endTime":72.018,"body":"What if I told you there's a"},{"startTime":69.408,"endTime":72.018,"body":"company making panels that can"},{"startTime":72.078,"endTime":76.548,"body":"hit 30% and are looking to push"},{"startTime":72.078,"endTime":76.548,"body":"even beyond 40% in the future?"},{"startTime":77.388,"endTime":82.065,"body":"That's what today's guest Laura Miranda"},{"startTime":77.388,"endTime":82.065,"body":"Perez is working on at Oxford pv."},{"startTime":82.875,"endTime":87.135,"body":"Their breakthrough tech uses a material"},{"startTime":82.875,"endTime":87.135,"body":"called perovskite to supercharge"},{"startTime":87.135,"endTime":92.355,"body":"traditional solar panels, delivering"},{"startTime":87.135,"endTime":92.355,"body":"more power, using less land, and"},{"startTime":92.565,"endTime":94.335,"body":"helping us get off fossil fuels faster."},{"startTime":95.1,"endTime":98.49,"body":"If you care about scaling green"},{"startTime":95.1,"endTime":98.49,"body":"energy, this one's for you."},{"startTime":99.72,"endTime":102.87,"body":"But before we get into that, in the"},{"startTime":99.72,"endTime":102.87,"body":"coming weeks, I'm going to be speaking"},{"startTime":102.87,"endTime":109.14,"body":"to Sangita Waldron, who's the author of"},{"startTime":102.87,"endTime":109.14,"body":"What Your Legacy Be Lisett Luik, who's"},{"startTime":109.14,"endTime":113.6,"body":"co-founder, and COO of Arbonics, and"},{"startTime":109.14,"endTime":113.6,"body":"we'll be talking about afforestation."},{"startTime":114.083,"endTime":118.563,"body":"Professor Angel Hsu from University"},{"startTime":114.083,"endTime":118.563,"body":"of North Carolina and Ciaran"},{"startTime":118.613,"endTime":122.453,"body":"Flanagan, who's the global head"},{"startTime":118.613,"endTime":122.453,"body":"of Siemens Data Center Solutions."},{"startTime":122.933,"endTime":127.403,"body":"All those are in the upcoming episodes,"},{"startTime":122.933,"endTime":127.403,"body":"but back to today, and as I mentioned,"},{"startTime":127.403,"endTime":128.903,"body":"my special guest today is Laura."},{"startTime":129.453,"endTime":129.873,"body":"Laura."},{"startTime":129.963,"endTime":131.243,"body":"Welcome to the podcast."},{"startTime":131.243,"endTime":132.773,"body":"Would you like to introduce yourself?"},{"startTime":133.454,"endTime":134.024,"body":"Hi Tom."},{"startTime":134.024,"endTime":136.034,"body":"Thank you very much for having me here."},{"startTime":136.094,"endTime":142.034,"body":"And yes, of course so my name it's I Laura"},{"startTime":136.094,"endTime":142.034,"body":"Miranda and I am a Chief Communications"},{"startTime":142.034,"endTime":146.714,"body":"and Sustainability Officer at Oxford PV."},{"startTime":146.864,"endTime":153.299,"body":"I have over 10 years experience in solar"},{"startTime":146.864,"endTime":153.299,"body":"and more than 25 in R\u0026D and technology"},{"startTime":154.379,"endTime":160.199,"body":"And during the last 10 years since I"},{"startTime":154.379,"endTime":160.199,"body":"working at Oxford PV I've been focusing"},{"startTime":160.199,"endTime":165.809,"body":"in developing and commercialising this"},{"startTime":160.199,"endTime":165.809,"body":"new exciting solar technology which is"},{"startTime":165.879,"endTime":168.589,"body":"Perovskite Silicon Tandem solar cells."},{"startTime":169.699,"endTime":170.159,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":170.61,"endTime":175.68,"body":"So give me a bit of a little bit of"},{"startTime":170.61,"endTime":175.68,"body":"background first on yourself, Laura,"},{"startTime":175.68,"endTime":179.45,"body":"and then on Oxford PV, and then we"},{"startTime":175.68,"endTime":179.45,"body":"can get into the, the solar cells."},{"startTime":181.259,"endTime":184.379,"body":"So about me, I'm a scientist by training."},{"startTime":184.439,"endTime":187.949,"body":"I started my career as"},{"startTime":184.439,"endTime":187.949,"body":"a material scientist."},{"startTime":188.759,"endTime":194.599,"body":"I have a PhD in Perovskites which I know"},{"startTime":188.759,"endTime":194.599,"body":"we're going to talk about about that"},{"startTime":194.599,"endTime":199.675,"body":"name but I was working on this material"},{"startTime":194.599,"endTime":199.675,"body":"even before it was known for solar."},{"startTime":200.475,"endTime":206.112,"body":"I was working for a few years  academia"},{"startTime":200.475,"endTime":206.112,"body":"before I moved to industry where I started"},{"startTime":206.112,"endTime":212.152,"body":"looking into a way of using this or a type"},{"startTime":206.112,"endTime":212.152,"body":"of these materials for solar technology."},{"startTime":212.849,"endTime":218.972,"body":"Since then I have been holding a number"},{"startTime":212.849,"endTime":218.972,"body":"of roles going from research technology"},{"startTime":218.972,"endTime":225.662,"body":"transfer, IP strategy management,"},{"startTime":218.972,"endTime":225.662,"body":"sustainability and then moving into"},{"startTime":225.662,"endTime":234.184,"body":"more corporate roles, ESG corporate"},{"startTime":225.662,"endTime":234.184,"body":"communications with marketing government"},{"startTime":234.184,"endTime":240.244,"body":"affairs, trying to basically I think I've"},{"startTime":234.184,"endTime":240.244,"body":"been moving through my career try to make"},{"startTime":240.244,"endTime":247.474,"body":"an impact where I can and now with what"},{"startTime":240.244,"endTime":247.474,"body":"the the climate crisis we have ahead, we"},{"startTime":247.474,"endTime":251.254,"body":"need to deploy clean energies as quick as"},{"startTime":247.474,"endTime":251.254,"body":"possible and we need to change mindset."},{"startTime":251.284,"endTime":257.164,"body":"So I think that's what I want to put my"},{"startTime":251.284,"endTime":257.164,"body":"skillset and where my career has led me to"},{"startTime":258.54,"endTime":258.83,"body":"Great."},{"startTime":259.23,"endTime":260.63,"body":"And a little bit about Oxford PV"},{"startTime":262.06,"endTime":268.189,"body":"So Oxford PV it's a"},{"startTime":262.06,"endTime":268.189,"body":"company founded in 2010."},{"startTime":269.149,"endTime":274.219,"body":"It's a spinout from the University"},{"startTime":269.149,"endTime":274.219,"body":"of Oxford So our headquarters"},{"startTime":274.219,"endTime":276.219,"body":"and R\u0026D are in Oxford."},{"startTime":276.889,"endTime":284.329,"body":"And we have a production line in Germany"},{"startTime":276.889,"endTime":284.329,"body":"in Brandenberg close to Berlin So"},{"startTime":284.329,"endTime":288.799,"body":"what the company does is taking this"},{"startTime":284.329,"endTime":288.799,"body":"new technology which I guess we'll"},{"startTime":288.799,"endTime":292.939,"body":"explore more a bit later so I'm not"},{"startTime":288.799,"endTime":292.939,"body":"gonna get into the details but it's a"},{"startTime":293.329,"endTime":300.169,"body":"new technology for solar that is more"},{"startTime":293.329,"endTime":300.169,"body":"efficient than conventional silicon"},{"startTime":300.169,"endTime":306.299,"body":"technologies which means that it converts"},{"startTime":300.169,"endTime":306.299,"body":"more of the sunlight into electricity."},{"startTime":307.069,"endTime":313.864,"body":"And what we've done since 2014 that we"},{"startTime":307.069,"endTime":313.864,"body":"started with the current approach is"},{"startTime":313.864,"endTime":319.684,"body":"working in a tandem concept which combines"},{"startTime":313.864,"endTime":319.684,"body":"this new technology perovskite with"},{"startTime":319.684,"endTime":328.659,"body":"silicone increasing the efficiency of the"},{"startTime":319.684,"endTime":328.659,"body":"solar cells And in the UK we have our R\u0026D"},{"startTime":328.809,"endTime":334.479,"body":"we have call them world experts developing"},{"startTime":328.809,"endTime":334.479,"body":"the next generations of this technology."},{"startTime":335.049,"endTime":339.159,"body":"And in Germany we upscale"},{"startTime":335.049,"endTime":339.159,"body":"in area but also in volumes."},{"startTime":339.78,"endTime":348.35,"body":"This is a material which when combined"},{"startTime":339.78,"endTime":348.35,"body":"with typical silicon solar cells, as you"},{"startTime":348.35,"endTime":353.73,"body":"said, with your technology, it increases"},{"startTime":348.35,"endTime":353.73,"body":"the efficiency of the solar panels."},{"startTime":354.31,"endTime":358.615,"body":"Typical solar panels today, if I"},{"startTime":354.31,"endTime":358.615,"body":"remember correctly, are about 20%"},{"startTime":358.615,"endTime":360.835,"body":"efficient, which sounds horribly low."},{"startTime":361.525,"endTime":366.865,"body":"And with your technology,"},{"startTime":361.525,"endTime":366.865,"body":"that jumps up to around 30%."},{"startTime":366.865,"endTime":368.095,"body":"Am I getting the numbers right there?"},{"startTime":369.385,"endTime":372.681,"body":"Yes, there are a mix of numbers,"},{"startTime":369.385,"endTime":372.681,"body":"but yes it is more or less right."},{"startTime":372.681,"endTime":377.101,"body":"So, the perovskite, it's a"},{"startTime":372.681,"endTime":377.101,"body":"semiconductor material that what"},{"startTime":377.101,"endTime":380.171,"body":"you have is in a tandem combination."},{"startTime":380.221,"endTime":384.241,"body":"What this means is that you have"},{"startTime":380.221,"endTime":384.241,"body":"two cells one on top of the other."},{"startTime":385.171,"endTime":389.041,"body":"And they absorb complementary"},{"startTime":385.171,"endTime":389.041,"body":"parts of the solar spectrum."},{"startTime":389.161,"endTime":394.261,"body":"So if you think about the solar"},{"startTime":389.161,"endTime":394.261,"body":"spectrum as a rainbow we'll say"},{"startTime":394.261,"endTime":397.871,"body":"that the top cell the one that is"},{"startTime":394.261,"endTime":397.871,"body":"made with porovskite that contains"},{"startTime":397.941,"endTime":402.931,"body":"porovskite absorbs in the blue, while"},{"startTime":397.941,"endTime":402.931,"body":"the bottom cells which is the silicone"},{"startTime":402.931,"endTime":408.121,"body":"absorbs in the red and by absorbing"},{"startTime":402.931,"endTime":408.121,"body":"complimentary parts of the spectrum"},{"startTime":408.121,"endTime":411.951,"body":"makes better use of that sunlight."},{"startTime":411.951,"endTime":416.571,"body":"And therefore is more efficient"},{"startTime":411.951,"endTime":416.571,"body":"converting it into electricity."},{"startTime":416.918,"endTime":423.548,"body":"In terms of solar panels, it's true"},{"startTime":416.918,"endTime":423.548,"body":"that the average panels installed"},{"startTime":423.758,"endTime":426.368,"body":"efficiency is around 20, 21%."},{"startTime":427.388,"endTime":432.368,"body":"They exist nowadays other type"},{"startTime":427.388,"endTime":432.368,"body":"of solar panels also based on"},{"startTime":432.368,"endTime":438.628,"body":"silicon and that can achieve"},{"startTime":432.368,"endTime":438.628,"body":"efficiencies on the 24%, higher 24%."},{"startTime":438.628,"endTime":443.393,"body":"That's the limit for the current"},{"startTime":438.628,"endTime":443.393,"body":"commercial silicon panel."},{"startTime":444.063,"endTime":450.233,"body":"It can still increase a bit more but"},{"startTime":444.063,"endTime":450.233,"body":"it will reach a plateau around 27%."},{"startTime":450.233,"endTime":453.808,"body":"That's the maximum that silicon"},{"startTime":450.233,"endTime":453.808,"body":"could go in in a solar panel."},{"startTime":454.858,"endTime":460.536,"body":"With the tandem concept,   the"},{"startTime":454.858,"endTime":460.536,"body":"starting point is around the top"},{"startTime":460.956,"endTime":467.106,"body":"of the silicone now so we are"},{"startTime":460.956,"endTime":467.106,"body":"starting in 25% is our first product."},{"startTime":468.036,"endTime":475.806,"body":"We have a roadmap which will achieve"},{"startTime":468.036,"endTime":475.806,"body":"27 by 2027, 30% 2030, and beyond that"},{"startTime":476.616,"endTime":482.091,"body":"efficiencies go higher with an upper"},{"startTime":476.616,"endTime":482.091,"body":"theoretical limit that could reach 43%."},{"startTime":483.111,"endTime":486.351,"body":"Which can never be achieved with silicone."},{"startTime":486.351,"endTime":493.218,"body":"So it's   one way of looking at it is"},{"startTime":486.351,"endTime":493.218,"body":"this technology comes in when silicone"},{"startTime":493.218,"endTime":496.548,"body":"finishes so it's kind of the end of"},{"startTime":493.218,"endTime":496.548,"body":"the line for silicone and then you"},{"startTime":496.638,"endTime":501.468,"body":"start looking into tandem just the next"},{"startTime":496.638,"endTime":501.468,"body":"generation of solar that will allow"},{"startTime":501.468,"endTime":503.748,"body":"this this better use of the sunlight."},{"startTime":504.568,"endTime":504.938,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":505.898,"endTime":513.219,"body":"Can you explain in very small words or"},{"startTime":505.898,"endTime":513.219,"body":"very simple explanation as if I was like"},{"startTime":513.219,"endTime":522.014,"body":"five years old, why silicon has that"},{"startTime":513.219,"endTime":522.014,"body":"upper limit of what was it, 25, 27%?"},{"startTime":522.314,"endTime":527.285,"body":"The efficiency limits in different"},{"startTime":522.314,"endTime":527.285,"body":"semiconductor materials are based on the"},{"startTime":527.285,"endTime":529.505,"body":"intrinsic properties of those materials."},{"startTime":529.535,"endTime":535.535,"body":"So it is how much of that spectrum can"},{"startTime":529.535,"endTime":535.535,"body":"be converted, it depends on internal"},{"startTime":535.655,"endTime":540.095,"body":"properties which are different for"},{"startTime":535.655,"endTime":540.095,"body":"silicone than for perovskite and"},{"startTime":540.095,"endTime":541.865,"body":"for other materials that exist."},{"startTime":542.505,"endTime":546.165,"body":"For example cadmium telluride is"},{"startTime":542.505,"endTime":546.165,"body":"also used for solar applications."},{"startTime":546.99,"endTime":550.35,"body":"So there is a combination of those"},{"startTime":546.99,"endTime":550.35,"body":"intrinsic properties with other"},{"startTime":550.35,"endTime":554.67,"body":"processes that happen inside the"},{"startTime":550.35,"endTime":554.67,"body":"material that also limit how much"},{"startTime":554.67,"endTime":556.6,"body":"of that sunlight can be converted."},{"startTime":557.17,"endTime":564.53,"body":"For silicone the theoretical limit"},{"startTime":557.17,"endTime":564.53,"body":"that could achieve as a cell is 29%."},{"startTime":564.53,"endTime":569.747,"body":"It could go up to that level But"},{"startTime":564.53,"endTime":569.747,"body":"some of that when it goes from cell"},{"startTime":569.747,"endTime":574.877,"body":"to to upscale to the module some of"},{"startTime":569.747,"endTime":574.877,"body":"that is lost during the processes."},{"startTime":574.877,"endTime":577.847,"body":"So that's why the theoretical"},{"startTime":574.877,"endTime":577.847,"body":"limit for a module is a bit lower."},{"startTime":578.54,"endTime":584.3,"body":"It's always limited by properties of"},{"startTime":578.54,"endTime":584.3,"body":"the semiconductor material used to"},{"startTime":584.3,"endTime":587.09,"body":"convert the sunlight into electricity"},{"startTime":588.256,"endTime":596.21,"body":"And how does it work as in, you have"},{"startTime":588.256,"endTime":596.21,"body":"a layer of silicon, and then on top of"},{"startTime":596.21,"endTime":597.9,"body":"that, you have a layer of perovskite."},{"startTime":599.12,"endTime":603.3,"body":"How is it that the perovskite"},{"startTime":599.12,"endTime":603.3,"body":"allows the red light through to"},{"startTime":603.3,"endTime":605.07,"body":"the silicon and doesn't absorb?"},{"startTime":605.11,"endTime":609.61,"body":"I mean, is it transparent to red light"},{"startTime":605.11,"endTime":609.61,"body":"or how does the red light get through"},{"startTime":609.88,"endTime":612.95,"body":"the perovskite to the silicon underneath?"},{"startTime":614.3,"endTime":618.23,"body":"It doesn't get absorbed, and converted."},{"startTime":620.42,"endTime":623.184,"body":"The way you put it's it's kind"},{"startTime":620.42,"endTime":623.184,"body":"of that that's the right thing."},{"startTime":623.184,"endTime":626.664,"body":"Is we could talk in a very simple"},{"startTime":623.184,"endTime":626.664,"body":"way, It's transparent to that."},{"startTime":626.694,"endTime":629.244,"body":"It won't convert that"},{"startTime":626.694,"endTime":629.244,"body":"part of the spectrum."},{"startTime":629.244,"endTime":633.984,"body":"So when you get your your solar spectrum"},{"startTime":629.244,"endTime":633.984,"body":"hitting your solar cell and you have your"},{"startTime":633.984,"endTime":640.54,"body":"two layers, in the moment it goes through"},{"startTime":633.984,"endTime":640.54,"body":"the first layer which is the perovskite"},{"startTime":640.54,"endTime":646.13,"body":"that part, that blue part of the of the"},{"startTime":640.54,"endTime":646.13,"body":"spec will the spectrum sorry will get"},{"startTime":646.13,"endTime":650.63,"body":"absorbed, letting the rest go through"},{"startTime":646.13,"endTime":650.63,"body":"and then it will be absorbed on that."},{"startTime":651.11,"endTime":656.06,"body":"This is based on what is called"},{"startTime":651.11,"endTime":656.06,"body":"the band gap of the material."},{"startTime":656.06,"endTime":661.289,"body":"So each material has a different"},{"startTime":656.06,"endTime":661.289,"body":"band gap and depending on the value"},{"startTime":661.422,"endTime":666.192,"body":"of that band gap it will absorb"},{"startTime":661.422,"endTime":666.192,"body":"different parts of the spectrum."},{"startTime":666.342,"endTime":670.072,"body":"Silicon and perovskite have different"},{"startTime":666.342,"endTime":670.072,"body":"band gaps and therefore they absorb"},{"startTime":670.092,"endTime":671.772,"body":"at different parts of the spectrum"},{"startTime":672.478,"endTime":672.758,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":672.758,"endTime":673.148,"body":"Fair enough."},{"startTime":673.708,"endTime":677.928,"body":"Let's take a step back and look at"},{"startTime":673.708,"endTime":677.928,"body":"kind of a broader picture now in"},{"startTime":677.948,"endTime":682.828,"body":"terms of the whole energy transition"},{"startTime":677.948,"endTime":682.828,"body":"that we're going through globally."},{"startTime":683.288,"endTime":688.768,"body":"We're seeing the International Energy"},{"startTime":683.288,"endTime":688.768,"body":"Agency has for several years now said"},{"startTime":688.768,"endTime":693.828,"body":"that solar is now in most of the world,"},{"startTime":688.768,"endTime":693.828,"body":"the cheapest form of energy available."},{"startTime":695.17,"endTime":697.58,"body":"And it is being rolled"},{"startTime":695.17,"endTime":697.58,"body":"out in record numbers."},{"startTime":698.196,"endTime":702.946,"body":"What do you think is the largest"},{"startTime":698.196,"endTime":702.946,"body":"bottleneck still holding it"},{"startTime":702.946,"endTime":704.626,"body":"back, even from going faster?"},{"startTime":704.626,"endTime":705.666,"body":"Is it price?"},{"startTime":705.666,"endTime":707.826,"body":"Is it we fear change?"},{"startTime":707.846,"endTime":710.056,"body":"Is it regulations?"},{"startTime":710.076,"endTime":711.886,"body":"Is it all of the above?"},{"startTime":713.495,"endTime":717.455,"body":"I'm gonna go with all of the all of the"},{"startTime":713.495,"endTime":717.455,"body":"above but it's a combination of factors"},{"startTime":745.9290000000001,"endTime":751.355,"body":"The energy transition which is what what"},{"startTime":745.9290000000001,"endTime":751.355,"body":"needs to happen comes from many changes."},{"startTime":751.3850000000001,"endTime":753.695,"body":"We need to see energy in a different way."},{"startTime":753.695,"endTime":756.845,"body":"We need to understand the way we"},{"startTime":753.695,"endTime":756.845,"body":"use energy in a different way."},{"startTime":756.845,"endTime":759.6350000000001,"body":"We need to have different regulations."},{"startTime":759.6650000000001,"endTime":766.355,"body":"So we are coming from a centralised"},{"startTime":759.6650000000001,"endTime":766.355,"body":"source of energy where we depend on"},{"startTime":766.355,"endTime":772.715,"body":"fossil fuels and they in specific"},{"startTime":766.355,"endTime":772.715,"body":"locations and also the sources."},{"startTime":772.7850000000001,"endTime":778.0390000000001,"body":"You cannot move the sources somewhere"},{"startTime":772.7850000000001,"endTime":778.0390000000001,"body":"else, to a system in which your"},{"startTime":778.0390000000001,"endTime":781.1300000000001,"body":"sources of energy can be completely"},{"startTime":778.0390000000001,"endTime":781.1300000000001,"body":"decentralised It can be in your house."},{"startTime":781.49,"endTime":783.83,"body":"It can be in your car it can"},{"startTime":781.49,"endTime":783.83,"body":"be even in your backpack."},{"startTime":784.6400000000001,"endTime":788.24,"body":"They will generate different amounts of"},{"startTime":784.6400000000001,"endTime":788.24,"body":"energy but that's how it's happening."},{"startTime":788.2700000000001,"endTime":791.83,"body":"You can have a solar farm obviously"},{"startTime":788.2700000000001,"endTime":791.83,"body":"there will be central points of"},{"startTime":791.86,"endTime":799.0400000000001,"body":"big big generating and areas for"},{"startTime":791.86,"endTime":799.0400000000001,"body":"solar large or big energy generation"},{"startTime":799.6700000000001,"endTime":801.33,"body":"but still it will be localised."},{"startTime":801.5300000000001,"endTime":803.72,"body":"It'll be in a specific area."},{"startTime":803.72,"endTime":808.73,"body":"So we are moving from that, from"},{"startTime":803.72,"endTime":808.73,"body":"centralised system to decentralised"},{"startTime":808.7900000000001,"endTime":813.585,"body":"that is highly dependent on grid"},{"startTime":808.7900000000001,"endTime":813.585,"body":"connections which we are not ready."},{"startTime":813.8050000000001,"endTime":817.6220000000001,"body":"We need to get ready and and that"},{"startTime":813.8050000000001,"endTime":817.6220000000001,"body":"has to happen all at the same time."},{"startTime":818.702,"endTime":823.172,"body":"So we have grid connections we have also"},{"startTime":818.702,"endTime":823.172,"body":"sources of energy that are variable."},{"startTime":823.892,"endTime":827.162,"body":"So when you talk about fossil"},{"startTime":823.892,"endTime":827.162,"body":"fuels you can get your energy your"},{"startTime":827.162,"endTime":830.552,"body":"electricity whenever you need it"},{"startTime":827.162,"endTime":830.552,"body":"at any time because it doesn't"},{"startTime":830.552,"endTime":832.3320000000001,"body":"depend in other external factors."},{"startTime":833.1320000000001,"endTime":838.552,"body":"When we talk about renewables, solar,"},{"startTime":833.1320000000001,"endTime":838.552,"body":"you have wind, geothermal, many"},{"startTime":838.552,"endTime":845.192,"body":"many many sources some and more that"},{"startTime":838.552,"endTime":845.192,"body":"they will be discovered cos that's"},{"startTime":845.2120000000001,"endTime":846.552,"body":"that's how we are as as human beings."},{"startTime":846.552,"endTime":848.552,"body":"They are depending on external sources."},{"startTime":848.7620000000001,"endTime":852.182,"body":"So you have sunlight you need to have"},{"startTime":848.7620000000001,"endTime":852.182,"body":"the sunlight to generate energy, you"},{"startTime":852.182,"endTime":857.677,"body":"need to have wind to generate energy"},{"startTime":852.182,"endTime":857.677,"body":"you have to and so goes the the list."},{"startTime":857.7370000000001,"endTime":862.3570000000001,"body":"So you need to have proper grid"},{"startTime":857.7370000000001,"endTime":862.3570000000001,"body":"connections, proper battery storage"},{"startTime":862.3570000000001,"endTime":866.527,"body":"systems that store the the electricity"},{"startTime":862.3570000000001,"endTime":866.527,"body":"and the energy when you're not using it."},{"startTime":866.527,"endTime":870.2470000000001,"body":"And you need it later in the day,"},{"startTime":866.527,"endTime":870.2470000000001,"body":"or in a day that there's less wind."},{"startTime":871.394,"endTime":876.5250000000001,"body":"And we need ask people to get used"},{"startTime":871.394,"endTime":876.5250000000001,"body":"to this different way of thinking."},{"startTime":877.5450000000001,"endTime":882.109,"body":"It's why am I gonna install a solar"},{"startTime":877.5450000000001,"endTime":882.109,"body":"panel in my house when I'm paying for"},{"startTime":882.109,"endTime":887.239,"body":"them Well because you are paying for"},{"startTime":882.109,"endTime":887.239,"body":"them but at some point you'll own them"},{"startTime":887.479,"endTime":891.619,"body":"So your source of an energy will be"},{"startTime":887.479,"endTime":891.619,"body":"that it has a return of investment."},{"startTime":892.5390000000001,"endTime":894.6690000000001,"body":"We have to learn to get used to that."},{"startTime":894.825,"endTime":900.075,"body":"We're not So it's a it's a combination"},{"startTime":894.825,"endTime":900.075,"body":"of of all of these together with new"},{"startTime":900.075,"endTime":906.5250000000001,"body":"regulations, like just said the political"},{"startTime":900.075,"endTime":906.5250000000001,"body":"landscape is based around fossil fuels."},{"startTime":907.2090000000001,"endTime":912.089,"body":"So we need to get used to it and we"},{"startTime":907.2090000000001,"endTime":912.089,"body":"need to do it in a way that it pushes"},{"startTime":913.2990000000001,"endTime":918.1640000000001,"body":"acceleration of the energy transition"},{"startTime":913.2990000000001,"endTime":918.1640000000001,"body":"because we need to meet climate targets"},{"startTime":918.224,"endTime":923.0840000000001,"body":"It's that's why we are doing this"},{"startTime":918.224,"endTime":923.0840000000001,"body":"Aside of running out of of resources we"},{"startTime":923.0840000000001,"endTime":927.9240000000001,"body":"need to fix the the main issue we are"},{"startTime":923.0840000000001,"endTime":927.9240000000001,"body":"having and we have to do all of this at"},{"startTime":927.9240000000001,"endTime":932.994,"body":"the same time in a very short period,"},{"startTime":927.9240000000001,"endTime":932.994,"body":"relatively short because otherwise"},{"startTime":932.994,"endTime":934.594,"body":"we're not gonna meet those targets."},{"startTime":935.594,"endTime":938.364,"body":"So, it's complex, it's exciting."},{"startTime":938.8140000000001,"endTime":941.83,"body":"And it's really good to"},{"startTime":938.8140000000001,"endTime":941.83,"body":"get to see this happening."},{"startTime":941.8900000000001,"endTime":947.7700000000001,"body":"At least that's my perspective working"},{"startTime":941.8900000000001,"endTime":947.7700000000001,"body":"in a technology that can accelerate this."},{"startTime":947.98,"endTime":953.344,"body":"But we are living a moment that is"},{"startTime":947.98,"endTime":953.344,"body":"gonna means a change for the world."},{"startTime":953.4340000000001,"endTime":958.0540000000001,"body":"It's just in 10 years we'll"},{"startTime":953.4340000000001,"endTime":958.0540000000001,"body":"see we will look around and"},{"startTime":958.0540000000001,"endTime":959.259,"body":"everything will look different"},{"startTime":961.75,"endTime":963.5100000000001,"body":"hopefully, yeah, fingers crossed"},{"startTime":963.6600000000001,"endTime":968.524,"body":"But I I'm gonna keep my hope that that"},{"startTime":963.6600000000001,"endTime":968.524,"body":"is what it's gonna happen But it has to"},{"startTime":968.524,"endTime":970.4140000000001,"body":"happen because it's happening already."},{"startTime":970.5100000000001,"endTime":974.1400000000001,"body":"There is still you know complaints"},{"startTime":970.5100000000001,"endTime":974.1400000000001,"body":"around for example you don't want the"},{"startTime":974.1400000000001,"endTime":979.5300000000001,"body":"solar farm close to your area because"},{"startTime":974.1400000000001,"endTime":979.5300000000001,"body":"it's destroying the landscape and,"},{"startTime":980.5400000000001,"endTime":985.105,"body":"but It's gonna be integrated is we we"},{"startTime":980.5400000000001,"endTime":985.105,"body":"can see now integrated in buildings."},{"startTime":985.105,"endTime":988.2850000000001,"body":"We can talk about Agri PV"},{"startTime":985.105,"endTime":988.2850000000001,"body":"combined with agriculture."},{"startTime":989.335,"endTime":997.0150000000001,"body":"It'll integrate with the bio areas of the"},{"startTime":989.335,"endTime":997.0150000000001,"body":"regions where it needs to be installed."},{"startTime":997.6550000000001,"endTime":1000.7650000000001,"body":"It's something that we're going to"},{"startTime":997.6550000000001,"endTime":1000.7650000000001,"body":"see changing We are going to see"},{"startTime":1001.365,"endTime":1006.0400000000001,"body":"buildings with glass that generate"},{"startTime":1001.365,"endTime":1006.0400000000001,"body":"energy, and and it might not be"},{"startTime":1006.0400000000001,"endTime":1011.25,"body":"as efficient as a panel that is on"},{"startTime":1006.0400000000001,"endTime":1011.25,"body":"the rooftop but everything counts."},{"startTime":1011.2800000000001,"endTime":1015.9300000000001,"body":"And we're gonna see the world"},{"startTime":1011.2800000000001,"endTime":1015.9300000000001,"body":"changing And that's why what we do"},{"startTime":1015.99,"endTime":1020.0640000000001,"body":"it's so important because we can"},{"startTime":1015.99,"endTime":1020.0640000000001,"body":"make all of that more efficient"},{"startTime":1021.875,"endTime":1022.1450000000001,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1022.1750000000001,"endTime":1026.895,"body":"And one of the arguments you"},{"startTime":1022.1750000000001,"endTime":1026.895,"body":"sometimes hear against solar is"},{"startTime":1026.895,"endTime":1029.365,"body":"that it's competing for land use."},{"startTime":1029.665,"endTime":1034.985,"body":"Now that's obviously a rubbish argument"},{"startTime":1029.665,"endTime":1034.985,"body":"when you compare the amount of land"},{"startTime":1034.985,"endTime":1039.425,"body":"that's used for solar versus the amount"},{"startTime":1034.985,"endTime":1039.425,"body":"of land that's used for golf clubs, for"},{"startTime":1039.425,"endTime":1043.535,"body":"example, there's far more land used for"},{"startTime":1039.425,"endTime":1043.535,"body":"golf clubs than there is for, for solar."},{"startTime":1044.315,"endTime":1047.665,"body":"But as you, as you rightly point"},{"startTime":1044.315,"endTime":1047.665,"body":"out, with the likes of agrivoltaics,"},{"startTime":1047.675,"endTime":1053.896,"body":"you can combine agriculture, with"},{"startTime":1047.675,"endTime":1053.896,"body":"solar and get a dual income, while"},{"startTime":1053.896,"endTime":1055.726,"body":"increasing biodiversity as well."},{"startTime":1056.256,"endTime":1061.1760000000002,"body":"Do you think the fact that your"},{"startTime":1056.256,"endTime":1061.1760000000002,"body":"solar panels, the tandem solar panels"},{"startTime":1061.4160000000002,"endTime":1065.046,"body":"are more efficient, is that also"},{"startTime":1061.4160000000002,"endTime":1065.046,"body":"a good argument because they're,"},{"startTime":1065.046,"endTime":1068.2060000000001,"body":"they're using less land to generate"},{"startTime":1065.046,"endTime":1068.2060000000001,"body":"the same amount of electricity?,"},{"startTime":1068.6000000000001,"endTime":1069.44,"body":"Yes of course."},{"startTime":1069.47,"endTime":1071.18,"body":"That's one of the key arguments."},{"startTime":1071.18,"endTime":1075.8200000000002,"body":"You can use less land to generate the"},{"startTime":1071.18,"endTime":1075.8200000000002,"body":"same amount of electricity, or you can"},{"startTime":1075.8200000000002,"endTime":1078.086,"body":"use the same land but generate more power."},{"startTime":1078.803,"endTime":1081.0230000000001,"body":"It depends where the preferences are."},{"startTime":1081.053,"endTime":1083.873,"body":"It's key for space limited applications."},{"startTime":1083.963,"endTime":1086.213,"body":"You think about there is a space."},{"startTime":1086.213,"endTime":1088.973,"body":"If you can use it more"},{"startTime":1086.213,"endTime":1088.973,"body":"efficiently, it's better."},{"startTime":1088.973,"endTime":1093.9560000000001,"body":"So the main point of this higher"},{"startTime":1088.973,"endTime":1093.9560000000001,"body":"efficiency, higher power generation"},{"startTime":1093.976,"endTime":1097.106,"body":"also is that it decreases"},{"startTime":1093.976,"endTime":1097.106,"body":"the cost of the electricity."},{"startTime":1097.9260000000002,"endTime":1100.171,"body":"There is now comparison."},{"startTime":1100.251,"endTime":1103.9660000000001,"body":"It's usually we go to look how much"},{"startTime":1100.251,"endTime":1103.9660000000001,"body":"it is a panel, you know, what's the"},{"startTime":1104.006,"endTime":1109.151,"body":"cost per watt generated and that's the"},{"startTime":1104.006,"endTime":1109.151,"body":"constant conversation, but how much it is."},{"startTime":1109.861,"endTime":1111.901,"body":"But that's not your product."},{"startTime":1111.901,"endTime":1112.601,"body":"Your product is not the panel."},{"startTime":1112.701,"endTime":1115.8410000000001,"body":"Your product is the"},{"startTime":1112.701,"endTime":1115.8410000000001,"body":"electricity that is generated."},{"startTime":1115.8410000000001,"endTime":1120.461,"body":"So if the electricity is cheaper,"},{"startTime":1115.8410000000001,"endTime":1120.461,"body":"it's worth it because the panel"},{"startTime":1120.461,"endTime":1127.178,"body":"is part of a bigger system that"},{"startTime":1120.461,"endTime":1127.178,"body":"is generating that electricity and"},{"startTime":1127.208,"endTime":1132.698,"body":"having higher efficiency would does"},{"startTime":1127.208,"endTime":1132.698,"body":"is generate cheaper electricity."},{"startTime":1132.698,"endTime":1138.923,"body":"So there is an argument for cost of"},{"startTime":1132.698,"endTime":1138.923,"body":"electricity, but also for land use"},{"startTime":1138.923,"endTime":1140.873,"body":"like you say is is the conversation."},{"startTime":1141.453,"endTime":1145.823,"body":"We will get used to this because it"},{"startTime":1141.453,"endTime":1145.823,"body":"doesn't need that much land like you"},{"startTime":1145.823,"endTime":1151.2830000000001,"body":"were saying you compare with other"},{"startTime":1145.823,"endTime":1151.2830000000001,"body":"uses it doesn't need that much but"},{"startTime":1151.2830000000001,"endTime":1155.693,"body":"it still there's a concern there so"},{"startTime":1151.2830000000001,"endTime":1155.693,"body":"you can use less and generate the"},{"startTime":1155.693,"endTime":1159.223,"body":"same It could be a a preferred option"},{"startTime":1159.964,"endTime":1160.344,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1160.704,"endTime":1165.751,"body":"And I'm interested that you brought up"},{"startTime":1160.704,"endTime":1165.751,"body":"cost because I'm curious what's the price"},{"startTime":1165.751,"endTime":1172.0610000000001,"body":"differential between a standard solar"},{"startTime":1165.751,"endTime":1172.0610000000001,"body":"panel and one of your tandem solar panels?"},{"startTime":1172.568,"endTime":1178.155,"body":"Well at the moment the cost is so variable"},{"startTime":1172.568,"endTime":1178.155,"body":"around the world that it's very difficult"},{"startTime":1178.155,"endTime":1182.175,"body":"to compare with which one because we"},{"startTime":1178.155,"endTime":1182.175,"body":"have these panels coming from China where"},{"startTime":1182.175,"endTime":1185.501,"body":"they have mastered the economy of scale."},{"startTime":1185.981,"endTime":1186.701,"body":"They've seen it."},{"startTime":1187.631,"endTime":1191.351,"body":"They've been working on this for"},{"startTime":1187.631,"endTime":1191.351,"body":"many years and they can build huge"},{"startTime":1191.5610000000001,"endTime":1195.881,"body":"factories short periods of time"},{"startTime":1191.5610000000001,"endTime":1195.881,"body":"So that has decreased the cost."},{"startTime":1195.978,"endTime":1201.881,"body":"I think one of the last  announcements"},{"startTime":1195.978,"endTime":1201.881,"body":"was 6 cents per Watt in one of the"},{"startTime":1201.881,"endTime":1205.421,"body":"conventional, It's not the higher"},{"startTime":1201.881,"endTime":1205.421,"body":"efficient but conventional silicon"},{"startTime":1205.421,"endTime":1208.781,"body":"panels that's something I'm seeing"},{"startTime":1205.421,"endTime":1208.781,"body":"It's the cheapest It's never gone."},{"startTime":1209.371,"endTime":1215.875,"body":"You compare the same in a European or"},{"startTime":1209.371,"endTime":1215.875,"body":"Western made panel and the cost increases."},{"startTime":1216.565,"endTime":1220.594,"body":"Our technology without giving you"},{"startTime":1216.565,"endTime":1220.594,"body":"the the details of the numbers, it"},{"startTime":1220.594,"endTime":1221.241,"body":"is going to increase a bit the cost"},{"startTime":1224.256,"endTime":1227.856,"body":"up to a point because it also"},{"startTime":1224.256,"endTime":1227.856,"body":"depends on how much energy generated."},{"startTime":1227.856,"endTime":1232.866,"body":"We are talking about cost per watt, so"},{"startTime":1227.856,"endTime":1232.866,"body":"it's gonna be relative on how many watts"},{"startTime":1232.866,"endTime":1234.906,"body":"can you deliver with that technology."},{"startTime":1235.836,"endTime":1240.7,"body":"But even in the with a gap assuming that"},{"startTime":1235.836,"endTime":1240.7,"body":"there is a gap with technology that could"},{"startTime":1240.7,"endTime":1247.825,"body":"be more costly in the initial price still"},{"startTime":1240.7,"endTime":1247.825,"body":"electricity will be cheaper So assuming"},{"startTime":1247.825,"endTime":1253.835,"body":"that you will still have a cheaper"},{"startTime":1247.825,"endTime":1253.835,"body":"electricity so, I think it is worth it."},{"startTime":1254.555,"endTime":1256.825,"body":"You pay less for the electricity you get."},{"startTime":1257.6090000000002,"endTime":1262.729,"body":"We're seeing a lot of geopolitical"},{"startTime":1257.6090000000002,"endTime":1262.729,"body":"tensions around the world now, the Russian"},{"startTime":1262.729,"endTime":1266.189,"body":"invasion of Ukraine being one of the main"},{"startTime":1262.729,"endTime":1266.189,"body":"ones that's impacting the energy scene."},{"startTime":1266.969,"endTime":1271.6390000000001,"body":"How do you see solar's role in energy"},{"startTime":1266.969,"endTime":1271.6390000000001,"body":"independence and security evolving?"},{"startTime":1272.361,"endTime":1277.203,"body":"I mean solar is coming back to this"},{"startTime":1272.361,"endTime":1277.203,"body":"reduced independencies from fossil"},{"startTime":1277.203,"endTime":1283.983,"body":"fuels By deploying more solar we are"},{"startTime":1277.203,"endTime":1283.983,"body":"reducing those dependencies because"},{"startTime":1283.983,"endTime":1290.1180000000002,"body":"it's completely decentralised but"},{"startTime":1283.983,"endTime":1290.1180000000002,"body":"we need to also make sure we have a"},{"startTime":1290.1180000000002,"endTime":1294.9180000000001,"body":"diversified source of solar globally."},{"startTime":1295.834,"endTime":1303.624,"body":"We have to avoid the we are depending on"},{"startTime":1295.834,"endTime":1303.624,"body":"these fossil fuels from these regions And"},{"startTime":1303.624,"endTime":1308.114,"body":"now we are going to depend on having new"},{"startTime":1303.624,"endTime":1308.114,"body":"solar panels from other regions because"},{"startTime":1308.114,"endTime":1311.134,"body":"um we are not able to manufacture them."},{"startTime":1311.134,"endTime":1316.884,"body":"So we just need to think about how"},{"startTime":1311.134,"endTime":1316.884,"body":"we can diversify this without getting"},{"startTime":1316.884,"endTime":1320.924,"body":"into this because the geopolitics"},{"startTime":1316.884,"endTime":1320.924,"body":"at the moment are complex, and"},{"startTime":1320.924,"endTime":1322.554,"body":"are getting even more  complex."},{"startTime":1322.604,"endTime":1324.7340000000002,"body":"We are going to see a"},{"startTime":1322.604,"endTime":1324.7340000000002,"body":"lot of changes coming."},{"startTime":1325.414,"endTime":1330.304,"body":"I like to see or think about this climate"},{"startTime":1325.414,"endTime":1330.304,"body":"doesn't understand of politics You"},{"startTime":1330.304,"endTime":1332.674,"body":"know we we need to make sure we deploy."},{"startTime":1333.2740000000001,"endTime":1333.5140000000001,"body":"We."},{"startTime":1333.5140000000001,"endTime":1339.074,"body":"Need to make sure that we diversify"},{"startTime":1333.5140000000001,"endTime":1339.074,"body":"to avoid those dependencies."},{"startTime":1339.574,"endTime":1344.2240000000002,"body":"And that diversification needs to come"},{"startTime":1339.574,"endTime":1344.2240000000002,"body":"from fast deployment from the sources we"},{"startTime":1344.2240000000002,"endTime":1349.2640000000001,"body":"have now but also looking into how can"},{"startTime":1344.2240000000002,"endTime":1349.2640000000001,"body":"we manufacture more from the regions that"},{"startTime":1349.7740000000001,"endTime":1352.334,"body":"don't have that capacity at the moment."},{"startTime":1352.804,"endTime":1357.95,"body":"And a way of doing that is"},{"startTime":1352.804,"endTime":1357.95,"body":"using innovative solutions."},{"startTime":1359.25,"endTime":1362.935,"body":"What we have for example now this"},{"startTime":1359.25,"endTime":1362.935,"body":"technology is something that can"},{"startTime":1362.935,"endTime":1366.305,"body":"compete in terms of manufacturing."},{"startTime":1366.355,"endTime":1369.085,"body":"It's a new technology It"},{"startTime":1366.355,"endTime":1369.085,"body":"hasn't been made at scale."},{"startTime":1369.115,"endTime":1372.595,"body":"You are not competing"},{"startTime":1369.115,"endTime":1372.595,"body":"with mainstream silicone."},{"startTime":1373.015,"endTime":1378.865,"body":"It's something new that can increase that"},{"startTime":1373.015,"endTime":1378.865,"body":"competitiveness can strengthen resilience"},{"startTime":1378.865,"endTime":1386.395,"body":"and the energy security of Europe in"},{"startTime":1378.865,"endTime":1386.395,"body":"this case or any geography that wants to"},{"startTime":1386.395,"endTime":1393.672,"body":"go ahead with the technology and and we"},{"startTime":1386.395,"endTime":1393.672,"body":"will be open to work with anybody that"},{"startTime":1393.672,"endTime":1398.502,"body":"wants to to work with this technology"},{"startTime":1393.672,"endTime":1398.502,"body":"because we need to make it mainstream."},{"startTime":1398.732,"endTime":1405.592,"body":"That's our mission is to make it happen"},{"startTime":1398.732,"endTime":1405.592,"body":"So, this could be a way of making it."},{"startTime":1406.018,"endTime":1411.4740000000002,"body":"It's good you mentioned Europe because the"},{"startTime":1406.018,"endTime":1411.4740000000002,"body":"EU has said they want, or we want solar"},{"startTime":1411.4740000000002,"endTime":1414.0240000000001,"body":"to dominate power generation by 2030."},{"startTime":1415.054,"endTime":1416.564,"body":"Are we on track for that?"},{"startTime":1416.824,"endTime":1419.5240000000001,"body":"And if not, what needs to"},{"startTime":1416.824,"endTime":1419.5240000000001,"body":"change to make that real?"},{"startTime":1420.308,"endTime":1426.548,"body":"We have to separate between deployment"},{"startTime":1420.308,"endTime":1426.548,"body":"and manufacturing so Europe has been"},{"startTime":1426.548,"endTime":1433.133,"body":"deploying faster, but last year for"},{"startTime":1426.548,"endTime":1433.133,"body":"example there was a decrease in the"},{"startTime":1433.133,"endTime":1438.063,"body":"expectations so it was kind of exponential"},{"startTime":1433.133,"endTime":1438.063,"body":"increase on how much Europe is deploying."},{"startTime":1438.623,"endTime":1443.663,"body":"Last year there was a a decrease"},{"startTime":1438.623,"endTime":1443.663,"body":"because there is a lack of we were"},{"startTime":1443.663,"endTime":1448.0130000000001,"body":"talking before about the regulations I"},{"startTime":1443.663,"endTime":1448.0130000000001,"body":"think the the political landscape, the"},{"startTime":1448.0130000000001,"endTime":1452.742,"body":"regulation framework needs to give more"},{"startTime":1448.0130000000001,"endTime":1452.742,"body":"confidence to investors for a solar"},{"startTime":1452.742,"endTime":1457.432,"body":"industry that can can deploy faster"},{"startTime":1452.742,"endTime":1457.432,"body":"and allow those investments to happen."},{"startTime":1458.102,"endTime":1459.672,"body":"That's on the deployment side."},{"startTime":1459.732,"endTime":1466.1470000000002,"body":"Still I think we can meet in Europe"},{"startTime":1459.732,"endTime":1466.1470000000002,"body":"those targets on solar power generation"},{"startTime":1466.247,"endTime":1471.807,"body":"If we only look at deployment But"},{"startTime":1466.247,"endTime":1471.807,"body":"the other side is the manufacturing."},{"startTime":1472.6770000000001,"endTime":1476.717,"body":"Is Europe on track to meet their"},{"startTime":1472.6770000000001,"endTime":1476.717,"body":"manufacturing goals or targets?"},{"startTime":1476.8020000000001,"endTime":1477.81,"body":"And we're not."},{"startTime":1478.65,"endTime":1481.23,"body":"We're not because we don't"},{"startTime":1478.65,"endTime":1481.23,"body":"have a framework that is"},{"startTime":1481.23,"endTime":1483.153,"body":"supporting that confidence."},{"startTime":1483.487,"endTime":1484.957,"body":"We see interest."},{"startTime":1485.137,"endTime":1488.107,"body":"And that's good for us because"},{"startTime":1485.137,"endTime":1488.107,"body":"we see interest and and even more"},{"startTime":1488.107,"endTime":1492.39,"body":"in in this technology there is an"},{"startTime":1488.107,"endTime":1492.39,"body":"interest there is an an interest from"},{"startTime":1492.39,"endTime":1495.17,"body":"public and private funding sources."},{"startTime":1495.8400000000001,"endTime":1503.8200000000002,"body":"But there is a hole because if this"},{"startTime":1495.8400000000001,"endTime":1503.8200000000002,"body":"situation is is dynamic, it doesn't"},{"startTime":1503.88,"endTime":1510.555,"body":"inspire the confidence of creating"},{"startTime":1503.88,"endTime":1510.555,"body":"something that is stable that will"},{"startTime":1510.555,"endTime":1515.055,"body":"allow investors to say just go ahead and"},{"startTime":1510.555,"endTime":1515.055,"body":"and we'll support this manufacturing."},{"startTime":1515.925,"endTime":1516.625,"body":"So we need that."},{"startTime":1516.625,"endTime":1519.608,"body":"That's what we were discussing I"},{"startTime":1516.625,"endTime":1519.608,"body":"think at the beginning Tom is we"},{"startTime":1519.608,"endTime":1524.548,"body":"need all of that not just for the"},{"startTime":1519.608,"endTime":1524.548,"body":"the transition but even for solar."},{"startTime":1525.1380000000001,"endTime":1528.098,"body":"Solar is at the core of"},{"startTime":1525.1380000000001,"endTime":1528.098,"body":"the energy transition."},{"startTime":1528.098,"endTime":1528.828,"body":"Is at the center."},{"startTime":1528.828,"endTime":1529.978,"body":"The sun is is there."},{"startTime":1530.008,"endTime":1532.4750000000001,"body":"We can we can catch so"},{"startTime":1530.008,"endTime":1532.4750000000001,"body":"much energy from it."},{"startTime":1533.4850000000001,"endTime":1535.3700000000001,"body":"But we need to make it happen."},{"startTime":1535.49,"endTime":1538.8200000000002,"body":"We need to deploy fast which we are"},{"startTime":1535.49,"endTime":1538.8200000000002,"body":"doing but we also need to make sure"},{"startTime":1538.8200000000002,"endTime":1545.13,"body":"we manufacture so we take advantage of"},{"startTime":1538.8200000000002,"endTime":1545.13,"body":"that, or look into our energy security"},{"startTime":1546.1190000000001,"endTime":1554.1290000000001,"body":"And if, let's say, things go really"},{"startTime":1546.1190000000001,"endTime":1554.1290000000001,"body":"well for you guys, if your perovskite"},{"startTime":1554.469,"endTime":1559.079,"body":"on silicon cells were adopted worldwide,"},{"startTime":1554.469,"endTime":1559.079,"body":"what kind of emissions reductions"},{"startTime":1559.079,"endTime":1560.079,"body":"do you think we're talking about?"},{"startTime":1560.867,"endTime":1565.487,"body":"If we talk about linear which is"},{"startTime":1560.867,"endTime":1565.487,"body":"never linear but if you think about"},{"startTime":1565.487,"endTime":1570.737,"body":"our first product will produce at"},{"startTime":1565.487,"endTime":1570.737,"body":"least 20% more power than conventional"},{"startTime":1570.827,"endTime":1575.837,"body":"silicone it will be 20% reduction,"},{"startTime":1570.827,"endTime":1575.837,"body":"just from that linear approach."},{"startTime":1575.837,"endTime":1580.5430000000001,"body":"Obviously it also depends on how do"},{"startTime":1575.837,"endTime":1580.5430000000001,"body":"you manufacture, how do you make your"},{"startTime":1580.813,"endTime":1586.307,"body":"panel So we have some estimations that"},{"startTime":1580.813,"endTime":1586.307,"body":"our technology will be at least 7%"},{"startTime":1587.1470000000002,"endTime":1591.857,"body":"emitting less in in the manufacturing"},{"startTime":1587.1470000000002,"endTime":1591.857,"body":"process than than the conventional one."},{"startTime":1592.54,"endTime":1596.31,"body":"The more efficient it"},{"startTime":1592.54,"endTime":1596.31,"body":"gets the more is reduced."},{"startTime":1596.38,"endTime":1603.6100000000001,"body":"It's not linear but we can expect at"},{"startTime":1596.38,"endTime":1603.6100000000001,"body":"least starting by 20% less emissions."},{"startTime":1603.9,"endTime":1608.25,"body":"by That is comparing with"},{"startTime":1603.9,"endTime":1608.25,"body":"already clean sources of energy"},{"startTime":1609.18,"endTime":1609.3700000000001,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1611.125,"endTime":1612.145,"body":"It's not about that."},{"startTime":1612.145,"endTime":1615.4750000000001,"body":"It's about if you because we"},{"startTime":1612.145,"endTime":1615.4750000000001,"body":"never compare with fossil fuels"},{"startTime":1615.4750000000001,"endTime":1619.075,"body":"because it's obvious that of"},{"startTime":1615.4750000000001,"endTime":1619.075,"body":"course the emissions will be lower."},{"startTime":1619.795,"endTime":1624.105,"body":"So we try to compare with something that"},{"startTime":1619.795,"endTime":1624.105,"body":"makes more sense But in reality what we"},{"startTime":1624.105,"endTime":1626.9450000000002,"body":"need to do is compare with fossil fuels."},{"startTime":1627.125,"endTime":1630.775,"body":"The reductions are well like with"},{"startTime":1627.125,"endTime":1630.775,"body":"solar or energy any renewable"},{"startTime":1630.775,"endTime":1635.635,"body":"because in the moment you have"},{"startTime":1630.775,"endTime":1635.635,"body":"emissions during the manufacturing."},{"startTime":1636.505,"endTime":1641.9550000000002,"body":"In the moment those panels are installed"},{"startTime":1636.505,"endTime":1641.9550000000002,"body":"is clean energy without farther emissions."},{"startTime":1642.4950000000001,"endTime":1646.7050000000002,"body":"The more solar gets deployed the more"},{"startTime":1642.4950000000001,"endTime":1646.7050000000002,"body":"renewables are deployed You can run"},{"startTime":1646.7050000000002,"endTime":1652.085,"body":"those factories with clean energy"},{"startTime":1646.7050000000002,"endTime":1652.085,"body":"which will lead to a net or zero"},{"startTime":1652.105,"endTime":1654.055,"body":"emissions manufacturing processes."},{"startTime":1654.4950000000001,"endTime":1657.98,"body":"So that what is to be expected Yeah"},{"startTime":1658.4160000000002,"endTime":1663.506,"body":"Yeah, and you guys announced recently"},{"startTime":1658.4160000000002,"endTime":1663.506,"body":"your first commercial deal in the US."},{"startTime":1663.846,"endTime":1666.276,"body":"What's the feedback from utilities?"},{"startTime":1666.306,"endTime":1671.586,"body":"Are they excited or skeptical or just"},{"startTime":1666.306,"endTime":1671.586,"body":"waiting for someone else to jump in first?"},{"startTime":1672.9550000000002,"endTime":1676.7050000000002,"body":"Yeah we we shipped to a, it was a"},{"startTime":1672.9550000000002,"endTime":1676.7050000000002,"body":"utilities, a utilities customer."},{"startTime":1676.7050000000002,"endTime":1682.095,"body":"And that was a very interesting process"},{"startTime":1676.7050000000002,"endTime":1682.095,"body":"for us because when we started working"},{"startTime":1682.095,"endTime":1685.7250000000001,"body":"on on the technology when you think"},{"startTime":1682.095,"endTime":1685.7250000000001,"body":"about the type of product you have space"},{"startTime":1685.7250000000001,"endTime":1690.675,"body":"limited As we were discussing we thought"},{"startTime":1685.7250000000001,"endTime":1690.675,"body":"the first interest was going to be coming"},{"startTime":1690.675,"endTime":1695.132,"body":"more from a residential or C\u0026I market."},{"startTime":1696.058,"endTime":1697.198,"body":"But it hasn't been like that."},{"startTime":1697.198,"endTime":1702.1580000000001,"body":"We have a lot of interest from utilities"},{"startTime":1697.198,"endTime":1702.1580000000001,"body":"or customers in the utilities market."},{"startTime":1702.188,"endTime":1703.538,"body":"They wanna try it first."},{"startTime":1704.348,"endTime":1708.188,"body":"They wanna see how the technology works."},{"startTime":1708.188,"endTime":1712.588,"body":"They want to to work with us"},{"startTime":1708.188,"endTime":1712.588,"body":"to get those panels first."},{"startTime":1712.948,"endTime":1714.6280000000002,"body":"Having first access to them."},{"startTime":1714.8680000000002,"endTime":1719.637,"body":"Install them see how they operate and"},{"startTime":1714.8680000000002,"endTime":1719.637,"body":"it's it's fantastic to see all of that"},{"startTime":1719.637,"endTime":1723.027,"body":"interest because at the end of the day"},{"startTime":1719.637,"endTime":1723.027,"body":"what they are working also is on the"},{"startTime":1723.027,"endTime":1727.737,"body":"same premises and that we are saying is"},{"startTime":1723.027,"endTime":1727.737,"body":"the cost of of the electricity generated"},{"startTime":1728.547,"endTime":1731.577,"body":"that is what what makes it worthwhile."},{"startTime":1732.027,"endTime":1736.987,"body":"We have a lot of interest for from"},{"startTime":1732.027,"endTime":1736.987,"body":"all the markets all the areas and at"},{"startTime":1736.987,"endTime":1744.347,"body":"the moment we are working with the"},{"startTime":1736.987,"endTime":1744.347,"body":"utilities customer that come kind of"},{"startTime":1744.347,"endTime":1748.6870000000001,"body":"first come first served because we don't"},{"startTime":1744.347,"endTime":1748.6870000000001,"body":"have enough volume to do everything"},{"startTime":1748.6870000000001,"endTime":1750.3970000000002,"body":"as as I would like, we would like."},{"startTime":1751.28,"endTime":1755.0900000000001,"body":"We have interest now also in the"},{"startTime":1751.28,"endTime":1755.0900000000001,"body":"residential market and also what"},{"startTime":1755.0900000000001,"endTime":1761.24,"body":"we call the specialty market, which"},{"startTime":1755.0900000000001,"endTime":1761.24,"body":"is anything that is not mainstream."},{"startTime":1762.17,"endTime":1765.8300000000002,"body":"So you think about these"},{"startTime":1762.17,"endTime":1765.8300000000002,"body":"technologies not just the power"},{"startTime":1765.89,"endTime":1767.3,"body":"per area but the power per weight."},{"startTime":1768.6000000000001,"endTime":1774.9,"body":"So we talk about automotive, we talk"},{"startTime":1768.6000000000001,"endTime":1774.9,"body":"about space, we talk about high altitude"},{"startTime":1774.99,"endTime":1781.92,"body":"platform systems, transport, anything"},{"startTime":1774.99,"endTime":1781.92,"body":"that you can install a technology a"},{"startTime":1781.92,"endTime":1788.71,"body":"solar system that is more efficient that"},{"startTime":1781.92,"endTime":1788.71,"body":"also can deliver more power per weight."},{"startTime":1789.52,"endTime":1792.95,"body":"It will impact what It can happen."},{"startTime":1792.978,"endTime":1794.688,"body":"So it's a full integration."},{"startTime":1794.958,"endTime":1797.358,"body":"That's the way we are"},{"startTime":1794.958,"endTime":1797.358,"body":"working with our technology."},{"startTime":1797.358,"endTime":1801.198,"body":"We know it can make an impact not"},{"startTime":1797.358,"endTime":1801.198,"body":"just on utilities not just residential"},{"startTime":1801.198,"endTime":1808.4080000000001,"body":"but also any other application where"},{"startTime":1801.198,"endTime":1808.4080000000001,"body":"higher power will have an impact."},{"startTime":1808.508,"endTime":1812.928,"body":"And I honestly I don't see any"},{"startTime":1808.508,"endTime":1812.928,"body":"application that that won't be a thing."},{"startTime":1814.424,"endTime":1815.074,"body":"Fantastic."},{"startTime":1815.404,"endTime":1820.4470000000001,"body":"What about things like,"},{"startTime":1815.404,"endTime":1820.4470000000001,"body":"longevity, and recyclability?"},{"startTime":1820.517,"endTime":1824.818,"body":"How does perovskite solar compare"},{"startTime":1820.517,"endTime":1824.818,"body":"to traditional solar panels?"},{"startTime":1825.7430000000002,"endTime":1828.903,"body":"We've been answering this question"},{"startTime":1825.7430000000002,"endTime":1828.903,"body":"I think for the 10 years we've"},{"startTime":1828.903,"endTime":1830.833,"body":"been working on the technology."},{"startTime":1830.833,"endTime":1834.943,"body":"So starting with recyclability"},{"startTime":1830.833,"endTime":1834.943,"body":"we working with third parties we"},{"startTime":1834.943,"endTime":1838.567,"body":"have got a lot of internal work"},{"startTime":1834.943,"endTime":1838.567,"body":"understanding how it behaves."},{"startTime":1838.597,"endTime":1839.497,"body":"Is it different?"},{"startTime":1839.497,"endTime":1841.1770000000001,"body":"Do we need to do something about it?"},{"startTime":1841.267,"endTime":1847.477,"body":"And last year last couple of years we were"},{"startTime":1841.267,"endTime":1847.477,"body":"working with third parties and the tandem"},{"startTime":1847.977,"endTime":1853.26,"body":"modules can be recycled using exactly"},{"startTime":1847.977,"endTime":1853.26,"body":"the same processes that exist industry."},{"startTime":1853.3200000000002,"endTime":1857.14,"body":"So So there is nothing extra"},{"startTime":1853.3200000000002,"endTime":1857.14,"body":"to build with them regardless"},{"startTime":1857.14,"endTime":1859.633,"body":"of that extra perovskite cell."},{"startTime":1860.413,"endTime":1865.7630000000001,"body":"It can be taken end of life same"},{"startTime":1860.413,"endTime":1865.7630000000001,"body":"routes than mainstream silicon panels."},{"startTime":1866.473,"endTime":1870.4930000000002,"body":"Now we are also working in improving"},{"startTime":1866.473,"endTime":1870.4930000000002,"body":"this not because of the technology but"},{"startTime":1870.4930000000002,"endTime":1872.083,"body":"because we think it's the way to go."},{"startTime":1872.083,"endTime":1874.448,"body":"Solar should be as circular as possible."},{"startTime":1874.468,"endTime":1879.943,"body":"As recyclable as possible so we want"},{"startTime":1874.468,"endTime":1879.943,"body":"to increase the percentage of materials"},{"startTime":1879.943,"endTime":1885.353,"body":"that you can recover at the end of"},{"startTime":1879.943,"endTime":1885.353,"body":"life and potentially reuse them."},{"startTime":1886.323,"endTime":1892.203,"body":"Or if it's not a a solar application at"},{"startTime":1886.323,"endTime":1892.203,"body":"least something on the Cleantech space."},{"startTime":1892.443,"endTime":1895.93,"body":"So you have a circular approach"},{"startTime":1892.443,"endTime":1895.93,"body":"that is based on clean systems."},{"startTime":1896.79,"endTime":1902.91,"body":"There were some concerns about that"},{"startTime":1896.79,"endTime":1902.91,"body":"but we have tested sample, analyse our"},{"startTime":1902.94,"endTime":1908.46,"body":"modules and they come with the same"},{"startTime":1902.94,"endTime":1908.46,"body":"classification as mainstream ones and"},{"startTime":1908.46,"endTime":1912.983,"body":"they can be treated in the same way,"},{"startTime":1908.46,"endTime":1912.983,"body":"so the there no concern at all on that."},{"startTime":1913.593,"endTime":1918.083,"body":"Not that we are gonna stop working"},{"startTime":1913.593,"endTime":1918.083,"body":"it, but at least the first set"},{"startTime":1918.083,"endTime":1919.75,"body":"of results are very positive."},{"startTime":1920.49,"endTime":1923.45,"body":"And in terms of longevity of"},{"startTime":1920.49,"endTime":1923.45,"body":"course, it's  a new technology."},{"startTime":1923.47,"endTime":1926.4930000000002,"body":"So we make a separation"},{"startTime":1923.47,"endTime":1926.4930000000002,"body":"between application."},{"startTime":1928.103,"endTime":1931.373,"body":"At the moment what we are"},{"startTime":1928.103,"endTime":1931.373,"body":"doing we are meeting any"},{"startTime":1931.463,"endTime":1933.0230000000001,"body":"requirements from our customers."},{"startTime":1933.323,"endTime":1937.99,"body":"So anything that they require from us for"},{"startTime":1933.323,"endTime":1937.99,"body":"the technology that's what we are meeting."},{"startTime":1937.99,"endTime":1943.603,"body":"So there hasn't been any concerns"},{"startTime":1937.99,"endTime":1943.603,"body":"around the longevity of the technology."},{"startTime":1944.893,"endTime":1948.083,"body":"Each application requires has"},{"startTime":1944.893,"endTime":1948.083,"body":"different requirements in terms"},{"startTime":1948.083,"endTime":1952.363,"body":"of how reliable it needs to be."},{"startTime":1952.363,"endTime":1954.0130000000001,"body":"And that's the way we are operating."},{"startTime":1954.0130000000001,"endTime":1958.313,"body":"For for each application We need to look"},{"startTime":1954.0130000000001,"endTime":1958.313,"body":"into what is required and then amend,"},{"startTime":1958.333,"endTime":1960.5230000000001,"body":"work on it and develop in that sense."},{"startTime":1961.277,"endTime":1966.15,"body":"The way we work at Oxford PV is"},{"startTime":1961.277,"endTime":1966.15,"body":"we work in efficiency at the same"},{"startTime":1966.15,"endTime":1968.3200000000002,"body":"time that we work in stability."},{"startTime":1968.81,"endTime":1975.31,"body":"So we don't just beat world records"},{"startTime":1968.81,"endTime":1975.31,"body":"because its efficiency is highest."},{"startTime":1975.66,"endTime":1979.8600000000001,"body":"We work in increasing the efficiency"},{"startTime":1975.66,"endTime":1979.8600000000001,"body":"at the same time that we increase the"},{"startTime":1980.67,"endTime":1987.19,"body":"the stability of those new generations"},{"startTime":1980.67,"endTime":1987.19,"body":"to make sure we have a product that is"},{"startTime":1987.19,"endTime":1989.77,"body":"reliable and meets customer expectations"},{"startTime":1990.814,"endTime":1995.8010000000002,"body":"Obviously, you mentioned that you're"},{"startTime":1990.814,"endTime":1995.8010000000002,"body":"needing to scale up production to meet the"},{"startTime":1995.8010000000002,"endTime":1997.651,"body":"demand, which is a nice position to be in."},{"startTime":1998.0810000000001,"endTime":2003.881,"body":"But what are the biggest hurdles in"},{"startTime":1998.0810000000001,"endTime":2003.881,"body":"moving from the lab to mass deployment?"},{"startTime":2005.355,"endTime":2005.4450000000002,"body":"The."},{"startTime":2005.4450000000002,"endTime":2010.2450000000001,"body":"Challenges you have to go from"},{"startTime":2005.4450000000002,"endTime":2010.2450000000001,"body":"small labs scale to mass production,"},{"startTime":2010.525,"endTime":2013.845,"body":"we have already gone through"},{"startTime":2010.525,"endTime":2013.845,"body":"them with our factory in Germany."},{"startTime":2014.102,"endTime":2019.202,"body":"If at this point we can't build"},{"startTime":2014.102,"endTime":2019.202,"body":"a factory we know how to do"},{"startTime":2019.202,"endTime":2020.662,"body":"it because we went through it."},{"startTime":2021.2920000000001,"endTime":2026.912,"body":"Now, we have the challenges to do"},{"startTime":2021.2920000000001,"endTime":2026.912,"body":"that when you move from a very small"},{"startTime":2026.912,"endTime":2034.999,"body":"area cell done in a lab that doesn't"},{"startTime":2026.912,"endTime":2034.999,"body":"look now like it look a few years ago."},{"startTime":2034.999,"endTime":2039.709,"body":"Two lets say pilot line manufacturing"},{"startTime":2034.999,"endTime":2039.709,"body":"tools that are equivalent to what"},{"startTime":2039.709,"endTime":2041.029,"body":"we'll call a production tool."},{"startTime":2041.054,"endTime":2045.589,"body":"It's it's not the same but it has the"},{"startTime":2041.054,"endTime":2045.589,"body":"same specifications that you can design."},{"startTime":2045.589,"endTime":2050.839,"body":"So one of the good things of this"},{"startTime":2045.589,"endTime":2050.839,"body":"technologies it's compatible with"},{"startTime":2050.839,"endTime":2052.699,"body":"existing manufacturing processes."},{"startTime":2052.699,"endTime":2056.959,"body":"So we didn't need to develop"},{"startTime":2052.699,"endTime":2056.959,"body":"anything new to make a product."},{"startTime":2058.099,"endTime":2059.299,"body":"Still you need to tune it."},{"startTime":2059.299,"endTime":2060.379,"body":"You need to understand it."},{"startTime":2060.379,"endTime":2061.189,"body":"You need to learn."},{"startTime":2061.536,"endTime":2065.736,"body":"Even with an existing process"},{"startTime":2061.536,"endTime":2065.736,"body":"how do you tune it to meet"},{"startTime":2065.796,"endTime":2067.726,"body":"what a product should have."},{"startTime":2068.136,"endTime":2074.656,"body":"What a operating line should do in terms"},{"startTime":2068.136,"endTime":2074.656,"body":"of throughput for example this has been"},{"startTime":2074.656,"endTime":2080.521,"body":"a lot of learning into upscaling from"},{"startTime":2074.656,"endTime":2080.521,"body":"a small area to large area in terms"},{"startTime":2080.521,"endTime":2082.501,"body":"of how do you control those processes."},{"startTime":2082.501,"endTime":2085.7110000000002,"body":"What are the key parameters"},{"startTime":2082.501,"endTime":2085.7110000000002,"body":"of existing processes?"},{"startTime":2086.131,"endTime":2088.997,"body":"And that's what we've been doing"},{"startTime":2086.131,"endTime":2088.997,"body":"for the last, well we bought the"},{"startTime":2088.997,"endTime":2092.387,"body":"our factory in Germany, it was 2016."},{"startTime":2092.407,"endTime":2094.534,"body":"So since then that's"},{"startTime":2092.407,"endTime":2094.534,"body":"what we have been doing."},{"startTime":2095.164,"endTime":2099.834,"body":"And now we do have a very good"},{"startTime":2095.164,"endTime":2099.834,"body":"understanding so we could do the"},{"startTime":2099.834,"endTime":2104.862,"body":"jump into mass scale production with"},{"startTime":2099.834,"endTime":2104.862,"body":"a very good view of what needs to"},{"startTime":2104.862,"endTime":2106.342,"body":"be done and what tools do we need."},{"startTime":2107.082,"endTime":2107.352,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":2107.352,"endTime":2113.637,"body":"And why, why Germany, why not beside"},{"startTime":2107.352,"endTime":2113.637,"body":"yourselves there in Oxford or in France"},{"startTime":2113.637,"endTime":2118.177,"body":"or in Norway or in Spain here, or, you"},{"startTime":2113.637,"endTime":2118.177,"body":"know, why, why Germany in particular?"},{"startTime":2119.127,"endTime":2126.337,"body":"Spain would have been nice No, we"},{"startTime":2119.127,"endTime":2126.337,"body":"look everywhere At at the time we were"},{"startTime":2126.337,"endTime":2130.08,"body":"just looking into a site that could"},{"startTime":2126.337,"endTime":2130.08,"body":"meet our needs in terms of a space"},{"startTime":2130.08,"endTime":2135.803,"body":"obviously cost, support, local support"},{"startTime":2130.08,"endTime":2135.803,"body":"and we were looking everywhere around"},{"startTime":2135.803,"endTime":2141.507,"body":"to see we look in the uk and our COO"},{"startTime":2135.803,"endTime":2141.507,"body":"at the time was German so obviously"},{"startTime":2141.507,"endTime":2146.157,"body":"Germany was was a a place to look at"},{"startTime":2141.507,"endTime":2146.157,"body":"But it wasn't just because of that."},{"startTime":2146.217,"endTime":2149.88,"body":"It's because there was an   existing"},{"startTime":2146.217,"endTime":2149.88,"body":"solar factory there For Bosch."},{"startTime":2150.8,"endTime":2155.28,"body":"They have equipment, they have"},{"startTime":2150.8,"endTime":2155.28,"body":"infrastructure So it's not that it"},{"startTime":2155.28,"endTime":2161.07,"body":"was perfect we had a lot to do there"},{"startTime":2155.28,"endTime":2161.07,"body":"but there was a a very good starting"},{"startTime":2161.07,"endTime":2166.04,"body":"point and that came together with"},{"startTime":2161.07,"endTime":2166.04,"body":"strong local support from the region"},{"startTime":2166.82,"endTime":2171.853,"body":"So it was a combination of the right"},{"startTime":2166.82,"endTime":2171.853,"body":"place, right size, level of support."},{"startTime":2171.943,"endTime":2174.793,"body":"So that's how we made the decision."},{"startTime":2174.9030000000002,"endTime":2177.583,"body":"It wasn't location driven."},{"startTime":2177.583,"endTime":2180.293,"body":"The other site factors help"},{"startTime":2177.583,"endTime":2180.293,"body":"us taking the decision."},{"startTime":2183.598,"endTime":2183.948,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":2184.598,"endTime":2190.434,"body":"And a lot of people think of"},{"startTime":2184.598,"endTime":2190.434,"body":"solar as rooftop panels or massive"},{"startTime":2190.544,"endTime":2192.554,"body":"solar farms from utilities."},{"startTime":2193.594,"endTime":2197.1040000000003,"body":"What would be, in your opinion, the"},{"startTime":2193.594,"endTime":2197.1040000000003,"body":"most unexpected application of your"},{"startTime":2197.1040000000003,"endTime":2198.654,"body":"technology that you've come across?"},{"startTime":2199.765,"endTime":2205.645,"body":"I'm not sure because solar is integrated"},{"startTime":2199.765,"endTime":2205.645,"body":"everywhere so we are gonna see it"},{"startTime":2205.765,"endTime":2211.422,"body":"That's that's a bit why I I'm not sure"},{"startTime":2205.765,"endTime":2211.422,"body":"if it will be unexpected or more the"},{"startTime":2211.422,"endTime":2217.382,"body":"opportunity with the technologies that"},{"startTime":2211.422,"endTime":2217.382,"body":"you can make more out of it rather than"},{"startTime":2217.382,"endTime":2225.122,"body":"because it's a different technology"},{"startTime":2217.382,"endTime":2225.122,"body":"you can have different applications."},{"startTime":2225.122,"endTime":2229.157,"body":"It's more you have a a system that can"},{"startTime":2225.122,"endTime":2229.157,"body":"give you most outta the applications"},{"startTime":2229.157,"endTime":2233.597,"body":"in which you are using it So for"},{"startTime":2229.157,"endTime":2233.597,"body":"example if you think about EV cars"},{"startTime":2233.597,"endTime":2235.097,"body":"you can extend the autonomous range."},{"startTime":2235.9700000000003,"endTime":2241.4500000000003,"body":"If you think about this high altitude"},{"startTime":2235.9700000000003,"endTime":2241.4500000000003,"body":"platform systems you can fly to higher"},{"startTime":2241.4500000000003,"endTime":2246.4030000000002,"body":"latitudes with  better monitoring for"},{"startTime":2241.4500000000003,"endTime":2246.4030000000002,"body":"scientific or environmental applications"},{"startTime":2246.4030000000002,"endTime":2250.313,"body":"better connectivity with remote areas."},{"startTime":2251.1530000000002,"endTime":2256.143,"body":"Satellite space you can reduce"},{"startTime":2251.1530000000002,"endTime":2256.143,"body":"the production cost and the"},{"startTime":2256.713,"endTime":2258.333,"body":"launch which is one of the key"},{"startTime":2256.713,"endTime":2258.333,"body":"factors in this in that market."},{"startTime":2258.333,"endTime":2266.338,"body":"Wherever you use it, it will have an"},{"startTime":2258.333,"endTime":2266.338,"body":"impact because you get more out it with"},{"startTime":2266.398,"endTime":2272.158,"body":"the tandem technology One thing we haven't"},{"startTime":2266.398,"endTime":2272.158,"body":"discussed because that's not something"},{"startTime":2272.158,"endTime":2278.518,"body":"we are doing now but the future will see"},{"startTime":2272.158,"endTime":2278.518,"body":"perovskite only technology so you won't"},{"startTime":2278.518,"endTime":2284.998,"body":"need the tandem with the silicone You"},{"startTime":2278.518,"endTime":2284.998,"body":"can have a tandem with two perovskite"},{"startTime":2284.998,"endTime":2291.368,"body":"cells, or even three perovskite cells"},{"startTime":2284.998,"endTime":2291.368,"body":"which which will change completely"},{"startTime":2291.368,"endTime":2293.708,"body":"because that could be a a different type."},{"startTime":2293.708,"endTime":2294.878,"body":"It is a thin film."},{"startTime":2294.878,"endTime":2298.948,"body":"It could be using different"},{"startTime":2294.878,"endTime":2298.948,"body":"ways, different applications"},{"startTime":2299.308,"endTime":2301.198,"body":"those type of technologies exist."},{"startTime":2301.348,"endTime":2304.858,"body":"This is not new but efficiency"},{"startTime":2301.348,"endTime":2304.858,"body":"that you can achieve will be much"},{"startTime":2304.858,"endTime":2310.448,"body":"higher and and that will allow"},{"startTime":2304.858,"endTime":2310.448,"body":"us to see it in applications."},{"startTime":2310.618,"endTime":2310.768,"body":"I dunno."},{"startTime":2310.768,"endTime":2317.468,"body":"Even in water bottles if you want to or"},{"startTime":2310.768,"endTime":2317.468,"body":"in thermos to keep the liquid inside hot"},{"startTime":2317.468,"endTime":2325.231,"body":"so we'll see but at the moment it opens it"},{"startTime":2317.468,"endTime":2325.231,"body":"makes you rethink how to use solar because"},{"startTime":2325.231,"endTime":2330.405,"body":"you can make out more out of it so you"},{"startTime":2325.231,"endTime":2330.405,"body":"can look in different ways of using it"},{"startTime":2331.035,"endTime":2331.826,"body":"Oh, fascinating."},{"startTime":2332.406,"endTime":2337.536,"body":"And what's one misconception about"},{"startTime":2332.406,"endTime":2337.536,"body":"solar energy that drives you crazy and"},{"startTime":2337.536,"endTime":2338.976,"body":"you wish people would stop repeating?"},{"startTime":2339.561,"endTime":2340.221,"body":"I have two."},{"startTime":2340.221,"endTime":2345.745,"body":"One is that when it's cloudy, solar"},{"startTime":2340.221,"endTime":2345.745,"body":"energy doesn't work because it does."},{"startTime":2346.545,"endTime":2350.488,"body":"And yes efficiency might decrease"},{"startTime":2346.545,"endTime":2350.488,"body":"but still you get enough to power"},{"startTime":2350.488,"endTime":2354.628,"body":"what you need to power So that's one"},{"startTime":2350.488,"endTime":2354.628,"body":"of them and that comes because being"},{"startTime":2354.628,"endTime":2359.328,"body":"living in the uk you get cloudy days"},{"startTime":2354.628,"endTime":2359.328,"body":"and there's a misconception around"},{"startTime":2359.328,"endTime":2363.309,"body":"here you know it's about because"},{"startTime":2359.328,"endTime":2363.309,"body":"in the UK won't work, well it will."},{"startTime":2363.378,"endTime":2367.568,"body":"And the other one and we discuss"},{"startTime":2363.378,"endTime":2367.568,"body":"it already is this land use, but is"},{"startTime":2367.568,"endTime":2372.2580000000003,"body":"because is a question of perception,"},{"startTime":2367.568,"endTime":2372.2580000000003,"body":"is a question of understanding of"},{"startTime":2372.948,"endTime":2378.343,"body":"how much land do you really need to"},{"startTime":2372.948,"endTime":2378.343,"body":"deliver the power that is is required"},{"startTime":2382.483,"endTime":2383.953,"body":"Well I have another one that"},{"startTime":2384.079,"endTime":2384.439,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":2384.583,"endTime":2390.433,"body":"sorry I just it's because there's a bit of"},{"startTime":2384.583,"endTime":2390.433,"body":"discussion around and maybe this is just"},{"startTime":2390.433,"endTime":2395.263,"body":"within industry or people that knows the"},{"startTime":2390.433,"endTime":2395.263,"body":"industry but if you keep deploying solar,"},{"startTime":2396.023,"endTime":2402.073,"body":"by 2030, 2050 when those solar panels"},{"startTime":2396.023,"endTime":2402.073,"body":"stop working the amount of waste, it will"},{"startTime":2402.073,"endTime":2404.533,"body":"be really high and you need to manage."},{"startTime":2404.983,"endTime":2406.1330000000003,"body":"Which is true."},{"startTime":2406.533,"endTime":2411.618,"body":"But it is nothing compared with"},{"startTime":2406.533,"endTime":2411.618,"body":"the waste you get from your plants"},{"startTime":2411.788,"endTime":2413.458,"body":"that are using fossil fuels."},{"startTime":2414.058,"endTime":2417.468,"body":"Common waste so it's all perspective."},{"startTime":2417.558,"endTime":2422.868,"body":"Yes there are going to be a lot of"},{"startTime":2417.558,"endTime":2422.868,"body":"solar panels that will have to be"},{"startTime":2423.418,"endTime":2426.178,"body":"recommissioned, reuse recommission"},{"startTime":2423.418,"endTime":2426.178,"body":"recycle, but that is what we need to work"},{"startTime":2426.178,"endTime":2432.058,"body":"towards, but it is not because is a huge"},{"startTime":2426.178,"endTime":2432.058,"body":"source of waste, it is because we need to"},{"startTime":2432.058,"endTime":2435.458,"body":"think about circularity whatever we do."},{"startTime":2435.588,"endTime":2437.308,"body":"We need to change the mindset"},{"startTime":2437.7580000000003,"endTime":2438.308,"body":"Fair enough."},{"startTime":2438.329,"endTime":2438.669,"body":"Fair enough."},{"startTime":2439.489,"endTime":2443.169,"body":"If you had unlimited research"},{"startTime":2439.489,"endTime":2443.169,"body":"and development funding for"},{"startTime":2443.169,"endTime":2447.052,"body":"one futuristic solar related"},{"startTime":2443.169,"endTime":2447.052,"body":"project, what would you build?"},{"startTime":2448.238,"endTime":2453.318,"body":"One of our colleagues this was many"},{"startTime":2448.238,"endTime":2453.318,"body":"years ago but he told me imagine we"},{"startTime":2453.318,"endTime":2460.988,"body":"could have clouds made of perovskite"},{"startTime":2453.318,"endTime":2460.988,"body":"that that they are generating energy I'm"},{"startTime":2460.998,"endTime":2464.538,"body":"not sure if this is something that even"},{"startTime":2460.998,"endTime":2464.538,"body":"can be done because of usually we're"},{"startTime":2464.5480000000002,"endTime":2472.5480000000002,"body":"talking about connections etc But could"},{"startTime":2464.5480000000002,"endTime":2472.5480000000002,"body":"we have some way of know outsourcing"},{"startTime":2472.558,"endTime":2478.178,"body":"that energy generation to externally"},{"startTime":2472.558,"endTime":2478.178,"body":"One other thing that I thought was and"},{"startTime":2480.2780000000002,"endTime":2484.828,"body":"I really like it's not new now I've read"},{"startTime":2480.2780000000002,"endTime":2484.828,"body":"that somebody's looking into it but it's"},{"startTime":2484.828,"endTime":2489.708,"body":"the moon solar panels because obviously"},{"startTime":2484.828,"endTime":2489.708,"body":"sun reflects in the moon and then you"},{"startTime":2489.708,"endTime":2491.965,"body":"can still get some sunlight there."},{"startTime":2492.695,"endTime":2499.395,"body":"I don't know how if that can ever work"},{"startTime":2492.695,"endTime":2499.395,"body":"but you know The world is changing."},{"startTime":2499.405,"endTime":2502.8450000000003,"body":"We may not see it but there are"},{"startTime":2499.405,"endTime":2502.8450000000003,"body":"big things that are going to happen"},{"startTime":2502.855,"endTime":2506.905,"body":"and we are going to see some of"},{"startTime":2502.855,"endTime":2506.905,"body":"them So it's an exciting time"},{"startTime":2507.346,"endTime":2507.716,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2507.716,"endTime":2512.136,"body":"China has announced that they're"},{"startTime":2507.716,"endTime":2512.136,"body":"going to build a three gorges"},{"startTime":2512.146,"endTime":2515.936,"body":"dam solar plant in space."},{"startTime":2517.576,"endTime":2518.436,"body":"and the three gorges."},{"startTime":2518.846,"endTime":2519.486,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah."},{"startTime":2519.486,"endTime":2523.0660000000003,"body":"The three gorges generates"},{"startTime":2519.486,"endTime":2523.0660000000003,"body":"around 20 gigawatts."},{"startTime":2523.3360000000002,"endTime":2526.516,"body":"So if they had a 20 gigawatt"},{"startTime":2523.3360000000002,"endTime":2526.516,"body":"solar power plant in space,"},{"startTime":2526.526,"endTime":2527.496,"body":"that would be pretty impressive."},{"startTime":2527.886,"endTime":2532.666,"body":"Obviously getting it to space is one"},{"startTime":2527.886,"endTime":2532.666,"body":"problem, but then getting the energy from"},{"startTime":2532.666,"endTime":2534.966,"body":"space back down to earth is the next one."},{"startTime":2534.996,"endTime":2536.996,"body":"They said they're going to"},{"startTime":2534.996,"endTime":2536.996,"body":"put it in geostationary orbit."},{"startTime":2537.006,"endTime":2543.706,"body":"So be at 36,000 km. So that's a"},{"startTime":2537.006,"endTime":2543.706,"body":"very long power line or they're"},{"startTime":2543.706,"endTime":2544.746,"body":"using microwaves, I guess"},{"startTime":2545.01,"endTime":2548.475,"body":"Yes yes It's like a it's like a it's"},{"startTime":2545.01,"endTime":2548.475,"body":"like a very long very big balloon"},{"startTime":2548.775,"endTime":2551.775,"body":"floating And with the So so yeah it's"},{"startTime":2553.953,"endTime":2559.225,"body":"it's not a cloud but it's similar It's"},{"startTime":2553.953,"endTime":2559.225,"body":"we we're gonna start looking at ways of"},{"startTime":2559.285,"endTime":2565.248,"body":"of making things different   it's let's"},{"startTime":2559.285,"endTime":2565.248,"body":"see I mean I would love to see that."},{"startTime":2565.288,"endTime":2568.858,"body":"I dunno how it is going to work,"},{"startTime":2565.288,"endTime":2568.858,"body":"but I would love to see it."},{"startTime":2568.858,"endTime":2569.639,"body":"Likewise, likewise."},{"startTime":2569.9990000000003,"endTime":2571.439,"body":"A left field question for you, Laura."},{"startTime":2571.919,"endTime":2579.609,"body":"If you could have any person or"},{"startTime":2571.919,"endTime":2579.609,"body":"character alive or dead, or fictional"},{"startTime":2580.079,"endTime":2586.389,"body":"as a spokesperson for perovskite"},{"startTime":2580.079,"endTime":2586.389,"body":"solar or a champion for perovskite"},{"startTime":2586.409,"endTime":2588.239,"body":"Solar, who would it be and why?"},{"startTime":2593.813,"endTime":2594.9230000000002,"body":"Wow, so many."},{"startTime":2595.493,"endTime":2597.558,"body":"I can go from fantasy to, to"},{"startTime":2597.569,"endTime":2597.879,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2598.418,"endTime":2602.693,"body":"to real, characters, but I"},{"startTime":2598.418,"endTime":2602.693,"body":"mean, thinking very fast."},{"startTime":2603.083,"endTime":2606.103,"body":"And it's gonna sound like"},{"startTime":2603.083,"endTime":2606.103,"body":"a cliche, but it's not."},{"startTime":2606.373,"endTime":2612.663,"body":"I, I think I would love to get Michelle"},{"startTime":2606.373,"endTime":2612.663,"body":"Obama working for us, and being a"},{"startTime":2612.663,"endTime":2615.928,"body":"spokesperson, because read her book."},{"startTime":2616.078,"endTime":2621.088,"body":"It's not because who she is, or the role"},{"startTime":2616.078,"endTime":2621.088,"body":"she's playing, and even I, I, it's not"},{"startTime":2621.088,"endTime":2627.428,"body":"that I'm completely updated on, on, it's"},{"startTime":2621.088,"endTime":2627.428,"body":"not that I'm fan but the way she, talks,"},{"startTime":2627.428,"endTime":2633.241,"body":"the enthusiasm and and her way of looking"},{"startTime":2627.428,"endTime":2633.241,"body":"at things, I think it would be a very good"},{"startTime":2633.241,"endTime":2641.96,"body":"advocate for a new technology because what"},{"startTime":2633.241,"endTime":2641.96,"body":"we need to do is, derisking in it is we"},{"startTime":2641.96,"endTime":2648.05,"body":"are very risk adverse in general, and we"},{"startTime":2641.96,"endTime":2648.05,"body":"need somebody that can derisk it, that"},{"startTime":2648.05,"endTime":2652.43,"body":"can, can support it and say, well, yes,"},{"startTime":2648.05,"endTime":2652.43,"body":"you have to take a risk, but you know,"},{"startTime":2652.85,"endTime":2657.56,"body":"we know enough now to know that it will"},{"startTime":2652.85,"endTime":2657.56,"body":"work and it's the future of solar, so we"},{"startTime":2657.56,"endTime":2662.43,"body":"need somebody that can have that, that"},{"startTime":2657.56,"endTime":2662.43,"body":"enthusiasm to help us driving the message."},{"startTime":2663.37,"endTime":2663.94,"body":"Fantastic."},{"startTime":2664.006,"endTime":2664.446,"body":"Great."},{"startTime":2664.841,"endTime":2667.501,"body":"Okay, Laura, we're coming towards"},{"startTime":2664.841,"endTime":2667.501,"body":"the end of the podcast now."},{"startTime":2667.501,"endTime":2672.931,"body":"Is there any question I did not ask that"},{"startTime":2667.501,"endTime":2672.931,"body":"you wish I did or any aspect of this we"},{"startTime":2672.931,"endTime":2675.641,"body":"haven't touched on that you think it's"},{"startTime":2672.931,"endTime":2675.641,"body":"important for people to think about?"},{"startTime":2677.37,"endTime":2678.87,"body":"No, I think we covered quite a lot."},{"startTime":2678.93,"endTime":2681.96,"body":"I cannot think about anything else."},{"startTime":2682.76,"endTime":2684.241,"body":"Okay, okay, fantastic."},{"startTime":2684.241,"endTime":2688.291,"body":"In that case, Laura, if people would like"},{"startTime":2684.241,"endTime":2688.291,"body":"to know more about yourself or any of"},{"startTime":2688.291,"endTime":2691.101,"body":"the things we discussed on the podcast,"},{"startTime":2688.291,"endTime":2691.101,"body":"where would you have me direct them?"},{"startTime":2692.4610000000002,"endTime":2696.245,"body":"So they can, well, there are two ways"},{"startTime":2692.4610000000002,"endTime":2696.245,"body":"they can go through our website, which"},{"startTime":2696.245,"endTime":2703.695,"body":"is 3w Oxford PV dot Oxford PV dot com."},{"startTime":2703.695,"endTime":2708.605,"body":"We have also LinkedIn social media site"},{"startTime":2703.695,"endTime":2708.605,"body":"they want to reach out to me directly."},{"startTime":2708.605,"endTime":2710.315,"body":"Also, they can do it through my LinkedIn."},{"startTime":2710.375,"endTime":2712.3450000000003,"body":"They can contact me there."},{"startTime":2712.3450000000003,"endTime":2713.0750000000003,"body":"Send me a message"},{"startTime":2713.125,"endTime":2715.911,"body":"Sure, I'll put those links"},{"startTime":2713.125,"endTime":2715.911,"body":"in the show notes as well, so"},{"startTime":2716.181,"endTime":2717.4410000000003,"body":"everyone will have to them."},{"startTime":2717.561,"endTime":2718.261,"body":"Fantastic."},{"startTime":2718.4410000000003,"endTime":2719.991,"body":"Okay, Laura, that's"},{"startTime":2718.4410000000003,"endTime":2719.991,"body":"been really interesting."},{"startTime":2720.041,"endTime":2722.851,"body":"Thanks a million for coming"},{"startTime":2720.041,"endTime":2722.851,"body":"on the podcast today."},{"startTime":2722.851,"endTime":2723.321,"body":"Thank you Tom."},{"startTime":2723.321,"endTime":2724.041,"body":"It was lovely."},{"startTime":2724.241,"endTime":2724.6710000000003,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":2726.318,"endTime":2728.188,"body":"Okay, we've come to the end of the show."},{"startTime":2728.908,"endTime":2730.018,"body":"Thanks everyone for listening."},{"startTime":2730.878,"endTime":2735.0280000000002,"body":"If you'd like to know more about the"},{"startTime":2730.878,"endTime":2735.0280000000002,"body":"Climate Confident podcast, feel free to"},{"startTime":2735.038,"endTime":2738.948,"body":"drop me an email to tomraftery at outlook."},{"startTime":2739.198,"endTime":2742.678,"body":"com or message me on LinkedIn or Twitter."},{"startTime":2743.248,"endTime":2746.988,"body":"If you like the show, please don't"},{"startTime":2743.248,"endTime":2746.988,"body":"forget to click follow on it in your"},{"startTime":2747.0080000000003,"endTime":2751.488,"body":"podcast application of choice to get new"},{"startTime":2747.0080000000003,"endTime":2751.488,"body":"episodes as soon as they're published."},{"startTime":2752.118,"endTime":2755.078,"body":"Also, please don't forget to"},{"startTime":2752.118,"endTime":2755.078,"body":"rate and review the podcast."},{"startTime":2755.2780000000002,"endTime":2757.808,"body":"It really does help new"},{"startTime":2755.2780000000002,"endTime":2757.808,"body":"people to find the show."},{"startTime":2758.898,"endTime":2759.348,"body":"Thanks."},{"startTime":2760.018,"endTime":2760.938,"body":"Catch you all next time."}]}