Needham Marches to the Fight at Arlington

 As we get close to Patriots Day, let us remember that the fighting along "Battle Road" and the entire siege of Boston involved thousands of men from hundreds of communities.  On April 19, 1775 as the "Lexington Alarm" spread throughout the region, towns mustered their militia and they marched towards the fight.  Needham sent 185 men to fight the Redcoats that day, losing five men in the process.  Join Gloria Greis of the Needham History Center & Museum in conversation with Professor Robert Allison on the history of Needham's role in the revolution and their plans to commemorate these "Moments that Changed the World." 

Transcript

WEBVTT
 
 00:00:00.754 --> 00:00:01.475
 Hello, everyone.
 
 00:00:01.635 --> 00:00:02.636
 Welcome to the Revolution
 
 00:00:02.656 --> 00:00:03.817
 Two-Fifty podcast.
 
 00:00:04.296 --> 00:00:05.057
 I'm Bob Allison.
 
 00:00:05.118 --> 00:00:05.878
 I chair the Revolution
 
 00:00:05.899 --> 00:00:06.939
 Two-Fifty Advisory Group.
 
 00:00:06.958 --> 00:00:08.900
 We are a consortium of about
 
 00:00:08.941 --> 00:00:09.742
 seventy five groups in
 
 00:00:09.782 --> 00:00:10.762
 Massachusetts planning
 
 00:00:10.803 --> 00:00:11.743
 commemorations of the
 
 00:00:11.763 --> 00:00:13.525
 beginnings of American independence.
 
 00:00:14.166 --> 00:00:16.507
 And our guest today is Gloria Grice.
 
 00:00:16.728 --> 00:00:17.469
 Welcome, Gloria.
 
 00:00:17.509 --> 00:00:19.230
 Gloria is the executive
 
 00:00:19.250 --> 00:00:20.411
 director of the Needham
 
 00:00:20.490 --> 00:00:22.092
 History Center and Museum
 
 00:00:22.253 --> 00:00:23.574
 in the town of Needham.
 
 00:00:23.614 --> 00:00:24.815
 So thanks for joining us.
 
 00:00:24.855 --> 00:00:25.675
 My pleasure.
 
 00:00:26.986 --> 00:00:28.867
 And so one of the big events
 
 00:00:28.907 --> 00:00:30.408
 happening this Saturday,
 
 00:00:30.428 --> 00:00:31.489
 which is Patriots Day,
 
 00:00:31.670 --> 00:00:33.811
 is the Needham to Arlington walk.
 
 00:00:34.070 --> 00:00:35.572
 Can you tell us what this
 
 00:00:35.591 --> 00:00:39.115
 commemorates and what happens?
 
 00:00:41.256 --> 00:00:42.417
 On the day of the alarm in
 
 00:00:42.436 --> 00:00:43.537
 seventeen seventy five,
 
 00:00:43.878 --> 00:00:46.159
 Needham sent its militia,
 
 00:00:46.259 --> 00:00:47.901
 one hundred eighty five men
 
 00:00:48.902 --> 00:00:52.045
 out to to respond out to Lexington and
 
 00:00:53.024 --> 00:00:53.884
 a couple of years ago,
 
 00:00:54.826 --> 00:00:56.728
 a neighborhood group actually said, well,
 
 00:00:57.268 --> 00:00:58.929
 do we know the route we want to walk in?
 
 00:00:59.371 --> 00:00:59.951
 And we said, yeah,
 
 00:00:59.972 --> 00:01:00.752
 we could figure this out.
 
 00:01:00.771 --> 00:01:01.692
 So we figured out the route
 
 00:01:01.853 --> 00:01:03.335
 and a couple of years, it was just,
 
 00:01:03.454 --> 00:01:04.256
 you know, a few people.
 
 00:01:04.316 --> 00:01:06.457
 And then we started to offer it as a,
 
 00:01:07.299 --> 00:01:09.301
 as an event and have been
 
 00:01:09.341 --> 00:01:11.082
 bringing in typically, but, um,
 
 00:01:13.972 --> 00:01:15.653
 This year we're up to forty five.
 
 00:01:16.454 --> 00:01:16.834
 Wow.
 
 00:01:16.875 --> 00:01:17.236
 Very good.
 
 00:01:18.156 --> 00:01:19.016
 Plus a bus option.
 
 00:01:19.076 --> 00:01:20.457
 And they walk the actual
 
 00:01:20.518 --> 00:01:21.539
 route of the militia
 
 00:01:21.558 --> 00:01:23.019
 between Needham and Arlington.
 
 00:01:23.560 --> 00:01:24.521
 About how long is the route?
 
 00:01:25.081 --> 00:01:26.081
 Twelve point six miles.
 
 00:01:26.503 --> 00:01:26.783
 Wow.
 
 00:01:27.043 --> 00:01:28.304
 OK.
 
 00:01:28.384 --> 00:01:29.405
 Uphill most of the way.
 
 00:01:30.004 --> 00:01:30.385
 OK.
 
 00:01:30.424 --> 00:01:30.825
 Very good.
 
 00:01:30.906 --> 00:01:31.266
 Very good.
 
 00:01:32.507 --> 00:01:34.128
 So let's just talk a little
 
 00:01:34.168 --> 00:01:36.489
 bit about who these guys were,
 
 00:01:36.510 --> 00:01:37.551
 how much we know about them.
 
 00:01:37.611 --> 00:01:38.632
 I mean,
 
 00:01:38.992 --> 00:01:40.093
 because what can you tell us about
 
 00:01:40.153 --> 00:01:41.394
 Needham before the war?
 
 00:01:41.414 --> 00:01:42.775
 Was it a patriot hotbed?
 
 00:01:43.873 --> 00:01:44.575
 Needham was not.
 
 00:01:44.915 --> 00:01:45.915
 Needham was a very
 
 00:01:45.936 --> 00:01:49.117
 conservative town and it was a Tory town.
 
 00:01:49.158 --> 00:01:50.578
 In seventeen seventy three,
 
 00:01:51.739 --> 00:01:53.460
 when the Boston Committees
 
 00:01:53.501 --> 00:01:54.400
 of Correspondence were
 
 00:01:54.441 --> 00:01:55.662
 trying to the Sons of
 
 00:01:55.721 --> 00:01:56.862
 Liberty were trying to get
 
 00:01:57.022 --> 00:01:57.944
 local towns to create
 
 00:01:57.983 --> 00:01:59.025
 committees of correspondence,
 
 00:01:59.704 --> 00:02:00.825
 Needham was one of about
 
 00:02:01.046 --> 00:02:02.927
 fifteen towns in
 
 00:02:03.028 --> 00:02:04.569
 Massachusetts that refused.
 
 00:02:05.403 --> 00:02:06.245
 They voted it down.
 
 00:02:06.284 --> 00:02:07.504
 They wanted nothing to do with it.
 
 00:02:07.605 --> 00:02:09.247
 They voted to not take part
 
 00:02:09.306 --> 00:02:10.127
 in the Tea Party.
 
 00:02:10.668 --> 00:02:11.348
 They were asked.
 
 00:02:11.467 --> 00:02:12.669
 They said no.
 
 00:02:12.688 --> 00:02:14.030
 We've got a town meeting warrant minutes.
 
 00:02:14.569 --> 00:02:15.330
 They said no.
 
 00:02:17.513 --> 00:02:19.653
 And then over the next two years,
 
 00:02:19.954 --> 00:02:21.014
 you see this change.
 
 00:02:21.955 --> 00:02:24.176
 And by April, nineteen, seventeen,
 
 00:02:24.217 --> 00:02:24.978
 seventy five,
 
 00:02:25.018 --> 00:02:26.959
 they have a representative
 
 00:02:26.998 --> 00:02:28.360
 to the Provincial Congress.
 
 00:02:29.040 --> 00:02:31.943
 They have a representative
 
 00:02:31.983 --> 00:02:32.562
 to the committees.
 
 00:02:32.582 --> 00:02:34.044
 They have a committee of correspondents.
 
 00:02:34.063 --> 00:02:34.784
 It's one man, but they have it.
 
 00:02:35.555 --> 00:02:36.996
 And they send their militia out.
 
 00:02:37.537 --> 00:02:38.957
 And the,
 
 00:02:39.277 --> 00:02:42.281
 the interesting resource for us is
 
 00:02:42.320 --> 00:02:43.681
 that the Reverend West,
 
 00:02:43.701 --> 00:02:44.763
 who was the minister at the time,
 
 00:02:45.804 --> 00:02:47.025
 kept a detailed memoir.
 
 00:02:48.165 --> 00:02:49.127
 We have a copy of,
 
 00:02:49.608 --> 00:02:51.368
 and he talks about this and
 
 00:02:51.610 --> 00:02:52.950
 he talks about this transition.
 
 00:02:52.991 --> 00:02:55.353
 He says, you know, they, he was a Tory,
 
 00:02:55.592 --> 00:02:56.913
 the town was conservative,
 
 00:02:58.295 --> 00:02:59.796
 but this constant
 
 00:03:02.257 --> 00:03:04.199
 this sort of constant imposition of,
 
 00:03:04.258 --> 00:03:04.419
 you know,
 
 00:03:04.438 --> 00:03:05.680
 what we now refer to as the
 
 00:03:05.699 --> 00:03:06.620
 Intolerable Act.
 
 00:03:06.719 --> 00:03:08.602
 And then later, you know,
 
 00:03:08.622 --> 00:03:10.103
 the Massachusetts Government Act.
 
 00:03:10.182 --> 00:03:12.524
 And, you know, little by little,
 
 00:03:13.544 --> 00:03:15.445
 all of the rights that they
 
 00:03:15.485 --> 00:03:17.848
 thought they held as Englishmen, you know,
 
 00:03:17.867 --> 00:03:19.669
 were being taken away until finally,
 
 00:03:20.449 --> 00:03:21.930
 you know, even they said, well,
 
 00:03:22.311 --> 00:03:25.492
 we don't want this, but it's going to,
 
 00:03:25.513 --> 00:03:26.514
 you know, it has to happen.
 
 00:03:26.674 --> 00:03:27.974
 And, you know, for us,
 
 00:03:28.055 --> 00:03:29.996
 that transition is the story of the war.
 
 00:03:30.674 --> 00:03:31.653
 It really is, yeah.
 
 00:03:31.713 --> 00:03:32.574
 I mean, wars don't,
 
 00:03:33.395 --> 00:03:34.514
 revolutions don't just happen.
 
 00:03:34.555 --> 00:03:35.795
 Somebody doesn't say, hey, let's,
 
 00:03:36.695 --> 00:03:37.415
 and off they go.
 
 00:03:37.556 --> 00:03:40.617
 So, you know, you sort of have that local,
 
 00:03:41.358 --> 00:03:42.217
 you have to have that local
 
 00:03:42.277 --> 00:03:45.258
 churn everywhere until it culminates.
 
 00:03:45.338 --> 00:03:47.439
 It's interesting.
 
 00:03:47.460 --> 00:03:48.721
 It really is changing mind,
 
 00:03:49.040 --> 00:03:50.061
 changing people's minds.
 
 00:03:50.181 --> 00:03:51.020
 It is.
 
 00:03:51.061 --> 00:03:53.342
 It's a progressive change of mind.
 
 00:03:53.681 --> 00:03:55.182
 What happens to the Reverend West?
 
 00:03:56.229 --> 00:03:57.889
 Reverend West was a minister
 
 00:03:57.930 --> 00:04:00.391
 here for another ten or so
 
 00:04:00.431 --> 00:04:01.673
 years and finally got fed
 
 00:04:01.712 --> 00:04:04.235
 up with the fact that Needham rarely,
 
 00:04:04.354 --> 00:04:07.637
 if ever, paid his salary.
 
 00:04:07.676 --> 00:04:09.157
 So he doesn't leave with the
 
 00:04:09.298 --> 00:04:10.179
 other loyalists.
 
 00:04:10.199 --> 00:04:10.718
 He stays in Needham.
 
 00:04:10.739 --> 00:04:11.719
 No, no, no.
 
 00:04:11.759 --> 00:04:13.561
 He decided – he actually
 
 00:04:13.580 --> 00:04:14.442
 talks about this as well.
 
 00:04:14.461 --> 00:04:16.283
 He said that this wasn't his preference,
 
 00:04:16.322 --> 00:04:17.443
 but –
 
 00:04:18.271 --> 00:04:20.271
 He needed to follow what he
 
 00:04:20.312 --> 00:04:21.211
 thought was in the best
 
 00:04:21.273 --> 00:04:22.973
 interests of his congregation.
 
 00:04:23.052 --> 00:04:25.774
 And if this is where they were going,
 
 00:04:26.555 --> 00:04:28.055
 this is where he would go with them,
 
 00:04:28.156 --> 00:04:29.817
 that his responsibility was to them.
 
 00:04:30.836 --> 00:04:31.918
 Until they stopped paying him.
 
 00:04:31.958 --> 00:04:33.697
 Until they stopped paying him, he went to,
 
 00:04:34.218 --> 00:04:36.620
 I believe, Arlington Street Church.
 
 00:04:37.149 --> 00:04:37.569
 Oh, really?
 
 00:04:38.810 --> 00:04:39.170
 Interesting.
 
 00:04:39.252 --> 00:04:40.232
 Yeah, he moved to another church.
 
 00:04:40.252 --> 00:04:43.153
 And then he started writing his memoir,
 
 00:04:43.173 --> 00:04:45.315
 which was really quite amazing.
 
 00:04:45.576 --> 00:04:46.516
 He talks about the town.
 
 00:04:46.557 --> 00:04:47.937
 He talks about what the town
 
 00:04:47.958 --> 00:04:49.197
 was like in those days.
 
 00:04:49.218 --> 00:04:50.379
 Right, yeah.
 
 00:04:50.399 --> 00:04:51.180
 Nice firsthand account.
 
 00:04:51.783 --> 00:04:52.483
 That's a great source.
 
 00:04:52.762 --> 00:04:53.923
 We're talking with Gloria
 
 00:04:53.944 --> 00:04:55.305
 Grice from the Needham
 
 00:04:55.345 --> 00:04:56.786
 History Center and Museum,
 
 00:04:56.805 --> 00:04:57.906
 which is doing a Needham to
 
 00:04:58.045 --> 00:04:59.127
 Arlington walk.
 
 00:04:59.187 --> 00:04:59.307
 Now,
 
 00:04:59.547 --> 00:05:00.848
 how do you find out the route that
 
 00:05:00.867 --> 00:05:02.327
 they took in seventeen seventy five?
 
 00:05:02.367 --> 00:05:03.928
 They get the alarm on April
 
 00:05:03.968 --> 00:05:05.290
 nineteenth and then get the
 
 00:05:05.310 --> 00:05:06.110
 alarm in the morning of
 
 00:05:06.170 --> 00:05:09.291
 April nineteenth around nine o'clock.
 
 00:05:09.372 --> 00:05:10.132
 That's that's how it's
 
 00:05:10.172 --> 00:05:11.413
 documented around nine o'clock.
 
 00:05:12.173 --> 00:05:13.553
 A couple of riders come through.
 
 00:05:14.995 --> 00:05:16.935
 One is a rider coming from
 
 00:05:16.975 --> 00:05:18.136
 the western into the
 
 00:05:18.156 --> 00:05:19.177
 western part of town.
 
 00:05:19.237 --> 00:05:20.757
 What's now Wellesley was at
 
 00:05:20.778 --> 00:05:21.617
 the time Needham.
 
 00:05:22.690 --> 00:05:24.872
 and gives the alarm near Bullard's Tavern,
 
 00:05:24.892 --> 00:05:26.394
 which is just about where
 
 00:05:26.413 --> 00:05:27.134
 the gate to Wellesley
 
 00:05:27.154 --> 00:05:28.875
 College is now on Route one thirty five.
 
 00:05:29.596 --> 00:05:31.057
 And another another writer
 
 00:05:31.077 --> 00:05:32.559
 is actually not a Revere writer.
 
 00:05:32.579 --> 00:05:33.620
 He's a British deserter.
 
 00:05:33.660 --> 00:05:34.281
 Wow.
 
 00:05:34.915 --> 00:05:38.716
 comes through Eastern Needham and says,
 
 00:05:38.735 --> 00:05:40.175
 you know, the British are on the march.
 
 00:05:40.475 --> 00:05:41.836
 So he's the guy who had been
 
 00:05:41.916 --> 00:05:44.297
 with this unit going out.
 
 00:05:44.336 --> 00:05:46.718
 Presumably, yeah, and took off and,
 
 00:05:46.958 --> 00:05:47.958
 you know,
 
 00:05:48.098 --> 00:05:50.218
 and was sort of making his way elsewhere.
 
 00:05:51.699 --> 00:05:53.420
 And when we went in question, I said, oh,
 
 00:05:53.439 --> 00:05:54.240
 British are on the march.
 
 00:05:54.300 --> 00:05:56.319
 And so they started to prepare.
 
 00:05:57.581 --> 00:06:01.701
 So they were ready to go about, you know,
 
 00:06:01.802 --> 00:06:02.901
 in about an hour.
 
 00:06:03.161 --> 00:06:03.401
 Okay.
 
 00:06:03.874 --> 00:06:05.394
 Reverend West said the rider
 
 00:06:05.435 --> 00:06:06.456
 came through around nine.
 
 00:06:06.475 --> 00:06:07.716
 They were ready to go about ten.
 
 00:06:08.237 --> 00:06:09.458
 So these would be hour men
 
 00:06:09.497 --> 00:06:11.218
 rather than minute men.
 
 00:06:11.238 --> 00:06:11.980
 The minute men were on the
 
 00:06:12.019 --> 00:06:12.920
 road sooner because they
 
 00:06:12.959 --> 00:06:14.560
 were loaded and ready.
 
 00:06:16.122 --> 00:06:17.103
 But the other two militia
 
 00:06:17.142 --> 00:06:18.163
 companies had to...
 
 00:06:20.250 --> 00:06:21.451
 get their powder and shot.
 
 00:06:21.610 --> 00:06:22.430
 And in East Needham,
 
 00:06:22.471 --> 00:06:23.951
 that was at the minister's house.
 
 00:06:26.872 --> 00:06:28.153
 As the British started to
 
 00:06:28.213 --> 00:06:29.733
 confiscate local supplies,
 
 00:06:30.375 --> 00:06:31.595
 they moved all the supplies
 
 00:06:31.654 --> 00:06:32.636
 from the powder house,
 
 00:06:32.675 --> 00:06:33.855
 which was an obvious target,
 
 00:06:34.516 --> 00:06:35.757
 into the minister's basement,
 
 00:06:35.896 --> 00:06:37.697
 which was not an obvious target.
 
 00:06:38.237 --> 00:06:39.798
 So this was the Reverend West's basement?
 
 00:06:39.819 --> 00:06:41.199
 It was the Reverend West's basement.
 
 00:06:41.259 --> 00:06:42.959
 So they went there, he loaded them up.
 
 00:06:43.646 --> 00:06:44.706
 Wow.
 
 00:06:44.747 --> 00:06:46.007
 But he's a loyalist, you said.
 
 00:06:46.048 --> 00:06:47.988
 But no, at that point,
 
 00:06:48.069 --> 00:06:49.250
 he was going to go with where they went.
 
 00:06:49.269 --> 00:06:51.271
 Okay, okay, okay.
 
 00:06:51.290 --> 00:06:53.252
 He was following their lead.
 
 00:06:53.273 --> 00:06:54.413
 This is what was best for them.
 
 00:06:54.934 --> 00:06:55.913
 Okay.
 
 00:06:55.973 --> 00:06:57.555
 So how did you find out the
 
 00:06:57.615 --> 00:06:58.456
 route that they took?
 
 00:06:58.696 --> 00:06:59.857
 Was that documented?
 
 00:07:00.718 --> 00:07:01.617
 It is documented.
 
 00:07:02.218 --> 00:07:03.779
 And, you know,
 
 00:07:03.800 --> 00:07:04.920
 there were many fewer roads
 
 00:07:04.940 --> 00:07:05.521
 in those days.
 
 00:07:05.940 --> 00:07:06.901
 And the big roads are still
 
 00:07:06.922 --> 00:07:07.802
 the big roads now.
 
 00:07:07.882 --> 00:07:09.463
 So, you know, we knew the route they took.
 
 00:07:10.346 --> 00:07:11.767
 out of town they converged
 
 00:07:11.807 --> 00:07:12.767
 they sort of followed
 
 00:07:12.908 --> 00:07:14.387
 what's now central avenue
 
 00:07:14.468 --> 00:07:17.009
 toward newton lower falls
 
 00:07:19.310 --> 00:07:20.591
 converged with the west
 
 00:07:20.610 --> 00:07:22.490
 militia there crossed
 
 00:07:22.550 --> 00:07:24.971
 what's now the highway well
 
 00:07:25.052 --> 00:07:27.132
 you know followed route so
 
 00:07:27.353 --> 00:07:28.454
 because because these roads
 
 00:07:28.514 --> 00:07:29.553
 are you know they're old
 
 00:07:29.613 --> 00:07:31.714
 roads but they're old roads
 
 00:07:32.235 --> 00:07:33.495
 we can follow we can follow
 
 00:07:33.514 --> 00:07:34.336
 the direction that they
 
 00:07:34.355 --> 00:07:35.196
 took and we have a pretty
 
 00:07:35.216 --> 00:07:37.357
 good idea of exactly where
 
 00:07:37.396 --> 00:07:37.976
 they went which
 
 00:07:38.406 --> 00:07:39.267
 It's nice because then we
 
 00:07:39.307 --> 00:07:41.910
 can now send our walkers
 
 00:07:42.029 --> 00:07:42.610
 along the same route.
 
 00:07:43.951 --> 00:07:46.132
 And so how long did it take
 
 00:07:46.173 --> 00:07:46.994
 them and about how long
 
 00:07:47.014 --> 00:07:48.435
 does it take you to do the walk?
 
 00:07:48.935 --> 00:07:52.458
 It takes us about four hours, four,
 
 00:07:52.478 --> 00:07:53.798
 a little bit more, four and a half.
 
 00:07:54.639 --> 00:07:55.761
 But we've got better shoes.
 
 00:07:55.800 --> 00:07:58.463
 It took them closer to six,
 
 00:07:58.702 --> 00:07:59.843
 six and a half.
 
 00:07:59.944 --> 00:08:00.463
 Interesting.
 
 00:08:01.665 --> 00:08:02.925
 Now, along the route,
 
 00:08:03.125 --> 00:08:04.687
 do you pass any houses that
 
 00:08:04.708 --> 00:08:05.708
 would have been there at the time,
 
 00:08:06.149 --> 00:08:07.509
 what we call witness structures?
 
 00:08:07.529 --> 00:08:07.730
 Yes.
 
 00:08:09.255 --> 00:08:09.375
 Yeah.
 
 00:08:09.475 --> 00:08:10.295
 In Needham, there are several,
 
 00:08:10.596 --> 00:08:12.858
 where they assemble by,
 
 00:08:13.057 --> 00:08:14.819
 actually the parsonage is still standing.
 
 00:08:15.678 --> 00:08:16.360
 The minister's house is
 
 00:08:16.379 --> 00:08:17.180
 still standing and that's
 
 00:08:17.199 --> 00:08:17.860
 where they assemble.
 
 00:08:17.920 --> 00:08:18.860
 And that's where our walkers
 
 00:08:18.901 --> 00:08:19.581
 assemble as well.
 
 00:08:20.521 --> 00:08:22.543
 And along that route on Central Avenue,
 
 00:08:22.562 --> 00:08:24.324
 they pass several historic
 
 00:08:24.343 --> 00:08:25.725
 houses that were there in
 
 00:08:25.764 --> 00:08:27.865
 the late seventeen hundreds.
 
 00:08:28.045 --> 00:08:29.427
 And, you know,
 
 00:08:29.487 --> 00:08:31.348
 not so much as they get into
 
 00:08:32.149 --> 00:08:32.849
 Newton because they're
 
 00:08:32.869 --> 00:08:36.150
 passing through West Newton and Anantum.
 
 00:08:36.706 --> 00:08:38.307
 But as they get into Belmont,
 
 00:08:39.089 --> 00:08:40.208
 they're crossing the
 
 00:08:40.409 --> 00:08:42.510
 Belmont Historic District
 
 00:08:42.870 --> 00:08:45.692
 and up Pleasant Street and Common Street.
 
 00:08:46.333 --> 00:08:47.014
 There are quite a few
 
 00:08:47.274 --> 00:08:49.436
 original survivor structures,
 
 00:08:49.456 --> 00:08:50.976
 witness structures along the way.
 
 00:08:52.238 --> 00:08:53.239
 So what kind of a town was
 
 00:08:53.278 --> 00:08:54.119
 Needham at the time?
 
 00:08:54.139 --> 00:08:56.140
 What kind of economy did it have?
 
 00:08:56.160 --> 00:08:57.000
 What did people do for a
 
 00:08:57.061 --> 00:08:57.841
 living in Needham?
 
 00:08:57.861 --> 00:09:00.023
 It was a farm town primarily.
 
 00:09:01.663 --> 00:09:02.845
 Most people were farmers.
 
 00:09:04.025 --> 00:09:04.927
 Even the artisans...
 
 00:09:06.086 --> 00:09:06.767
 We're farmers.
 
 00:09:06.886 --> 00:09:08.187
 It wasn't a full, you know, you might,
 
 00:09:09.308 --> 00:09:09.489
 you know,
 
 00:09:09.509 --> 00:09:11.431
 be a glass setter or a shoemaker
 
 00:09:11.990 --> 00:09:13.331
 or a blacksmith.
 
 00:09:14.373 --> 00:09:15.754
 But chances are that was
 
 00:09:15.793 --> 00:09:17.416
 sort of one of your jobs.
 
 00:09:17.436 --> 00:09:19.136
 People in those days didn't have a job.
 
 00:09:19.638 --> 00:09:20.357
 They did everything they
 
 00:09:20.378 --> 00:09:21.938
 needed to keep the household going.
 
 00:09:21.958 --> 00:09:24.020
 So most were farmers and
 
 00:09:24.701 --> 00:09:26.283
 then also some of them had
 
 00:09:26.302 --> 00:09:28.144
 these secondary workshops.
 
 00:09:28.705 --> 00:09:28.845
 Great.
 
 00:09:29.399 --> 00:09:30.282
 So, um,
 
 00:09:30.302 --> 00:09:32.164
 they're answering the Lexington alarm.
 
 00:09:32.205 --> 00:09:33.086
 I wonder if you just talk a
 
 00:09:33.106 --> 00:09:34.028
 little bit about why they
 
 00:09:34.067 --> 00:09:37.533
 go to Arlington.
 
 00:09:37.575 --> 00:09:37.975
 Well, they're,
 
 00:09:38.135 --> 00:09:39.197
 they're not on the road till
 
 00:09:39.236 --> 00:09:42.823
 ten figure by time they get to Watertown.
 
 00:09:44.173 --> 00:09:47.715
 It's probably close to one o'clock.
 
 00:09:47.894 --> 00:09:48.434
 Right.
 
 00:09:48.455 --> 00:09:49.235
 Between one and two.
 
 00:09:50.196 --> 00:09:50.816
 At that point,
 
 00:09:51.297 --> 00:09:52.177
 they're meeting people
 
 00:09:52.197 --> 00:09:53.398
 coming back the other way.
 
 00:09:53.418 --> 00:09:56.019
 You know, other militias, refugees,
 
 00:09:56.038 --> 00:09:56.719
 people who are flying.
 
 00:09:56.759 --> 00:09:58.360
 And there's nothing going on
 
 00:09:58.879 --> 00:09:59.841
 in Lexington and Concord.
 
 00:09:59.860 --> 00:10:00.620
 That was this morning.
 
 00:10:01.221 --> 00:10:02.282
 Right.
 
 00:10:02.341 --> 00:10:04.663
 So the committees of safety
 
 00:10:04.763 --> 00:10:05.543
 are actually kind of
 
 00:10:05.644 --> 00:10:08.524
 monitoring these militias along the road.
 
 00:10:08.565 --> 00:10:11.746
 And these late coming militias tend to,
 
 00:10:11.787 --> 00:10:12.907
 or the ones from this area,
 
 00:10:12.947 --> 00:10:13.847
 converge around
 
 00:10:14.611 --> 00:10:16.092
 what's now Watertown Square,
 
 00:10:16.133 --> 00:10:18.673
 because that is now a hub
 
 00:10:18.712 --> 00:10:19.553
 of multiple roads.
 
 00:10:20.293 --> 00:10:20.813
 And they said, well, no,
 
 00:10:20.833 --> 00:10:25.014
 there's no point in heading to Lexington.
 
 00:10:25.034 --> 00:10:26.115
 Nothing's going on in Lexington.
 
 00:10:26.836 --> 00:10:27.615
 But the British are coming
 
 00:10:27.655 --> 00:10:28.976
 back along what was then
 
 00:10:29.017 --> 00:10:30.356
 known as the Cambridge Road.
 
 00:10:33.278 --> 00:10:34.618
 So, you know, hit them there,
 
 00:10:34.979 --> 00:10:35.658
 go up that way.
 
 00:10:36.578 --> 00:10:39.240
 And so, thirteen town militias
 
 00:10:40.464 --> 00:10:42.125
 including, you know, God bless them,
 
 00:10:42.184 --> 00:10:43.284
 Salem and Danvers.
 
 00:10:43.325 --> 00:10:44.205
 I don't know what time they
 
 00:10:44.225 --> 00:10:45.166
 hit the road to get here.
 
 00:10:46.946 --> 00:10:49.106
 You know, headed out, headed out up,
 
 00:10:49.626 --> 00:10:49.846
 you know,
 
 00:10:49.986 --> 00:10:51.447
 up Mass Ave in the direction of
 
 00:10:51.508 --> 00:10:51.888
 Arlington.
 
 00:10:53.528 --> 00:10:54.528
 And now, of course,
 
 00:10:54.548 --> 00:10:55.328
 the British are coming back
 
 00:10:55.349 --> 00:10:55.808
 the other way.
 
 00:10:55.828 --> 00:10:55.928
 Right.
 
 00:10:57.068 --> 00:10:58.389
 So this is when they
 
 00:10:58.470 --> 00:11:00.110
 actually have get into the
 
 00:11:00.129 --> 00:11:01.091
 fight in Arlington.
 
 00:11:01.110 --> 00:11:02.130
 That's when they get into the fight.
 
 00:11:02.571 --> 00:11:04.412
 They can see, you know,
 
 00:11:04.451 --> 00:11:06.952
 we forget that the land was
 
 00:11:06.993 --> 00:11:07.673
 pretty clear cut.
 
 00:11:09.506 --> 00:11:10.988
 And Arlington is elevated.
 
 00:11:11.288 --> 00:11:12.328
 Arlington Heights, you know,
 
 00:11:12.349 --> 00:11:13.090
 it's fairly elevated.
 
 00:11:13.570 --> 00:11:14.931
 So they could see a fair distance.
 
 00:11:14.951 --> 00:11:15.892
 They could see the British
 
 00:11:15.932 --> 00:11:17.613
 coming along the road and
 
 00:11:17.653 --> 00:11:21.556
 they started to basically
 
 00:11:21.816 --> 00:11:23.778
 take up positions, you know,
 
 00:11:23.977 --> 00:11:25.619
 behind the houses and barns
 
 00:11:25.658 --> 00:11:28.360
 and orchards along that
 
 00:11:28.421 --> 00:11:30.643
 stretch of Mass Ave through
 
 00:11:30.663 --> 00:11:35.625
 what's now Arlington Center as, you know,
 
 00:11:35.666 --> 00:11:36.586
 as the British are approaching.
 
 00:11:37.546 --> 00:11:38.706
 And so I think, you know,
 
 00:11:40.447 --> 00:11:43.048
 battled monotony does not get its due.
 
 00:11:44.008 --> 00:11:45.149
 It certainly doesn't, no.
 
 00:11:45.249 --> 00:11:47.710
 But it was the fiercest
 
 00:11:47.750 --> 00:11:48.529
 fighting of the day.
 
 00:11:48.549 --> 00:11:48.669
 Yeah.
 
 00:11:49.671 --> 00:11:50.870
 Half of the colonists'
 
 00:11:50.951 --> 00:11:52.172
 casualties were at monotony
 
 00:11:52.192 --> 00:11:52.851
 and two-thirds of the
 
 00:11:52.892 --> 00:11:56.113
 British casualties were at monotony.
 
 00:11:56.153 --> 00:11:56.692
 That's amazing.
 
 00:11:57.234 --> 00:11:58.073
 And that is because these
 
 00:11:58.094 --> 00:11:59.594
 Thirteen Militias are converging.
 
 00:11:59.653 --> 00:12:01.355
 Thirteen Militias coming in there.
 
 00:12:01.394 --> 00:12:02.995
 You know, they've been walking all day.
 
 00:12:03.015 --> 00:12:03.716
 They're nervous.
 
 00:12:03.875 --> 00:12:04.416
 They're ready.
 
 00:12:04.596 --> 00:12:05.417
 You know, they're excited.
 
 00:12:05.437 --> 00:12:06.277
 They're ready for a fight.
 
 00:12:07.440 --> 00:12:08.821
 the British are coming back the other way.
 
 00:12:08.841 --> 00:12:10.162
 They've been on the road
 
 00:12:10.201 --> 00:12:12.464
 since the wee hours of the morning.
 
 00:12:12.663 --> 00:12:14.664
 They thought this would be easy.
 
 00:12:14.706 --> 00:12:15.485
 They'd get up there.
 
 00:12:16.966 --> 00:12:20.068
 They'd capture John Hancock.
 
 00:12:20.089 --> 00:12:22.931
 They'd take the munitions from Concord.
 
 00:12:22.951 --> 00:12:25.113
 They'd go back and they would say, okay,
 
 00:12:25.173 --> 00:12:25.653
 fine.
 
 00:12:26.333 --> 00:12:29.796
 We've shown you that this is a no-go.
 
 00:12:29.855 --> 00:12:30.836
 Everything's going to settle down.
 
 00:12:31.876 --> 00:12:32.857
 It didn't happen that way.
 
 00:12:32.898 --> 00:12:33.918
 They didn't expect that kind
 
 00:12:33.958 --> 00:12:34.698
 of resistance.
 
 00:12:35.019 --> 00:12:35.240
 And
 
 00:12:36.201 --> 00:12:37.801
 So now they're not only tired,
 
 00:12:38.160 --> 00:12:39.841
 but they're defeated and they're angry.
 
 00:12:40.942 --> 00:12:42.402
 They're literally, I mean,
 
 00:12:42.562 --> 00:12:44.663
 you see from some of the
 
 00:12:44.702 --> 00:12:45.743
 letters that are written,
 
 00:12:46.883 --> 00:12:48.703
 they're not just resigned to this,
 
 00:12:48.724 --> 00:12:50.344
 they're angry.
 
 00:12:50.384 --> 00:12:51.663
 And that's not a good combination.
 
 00:12:52.384 --> 00:12:53.345
 Definitely isn't.
 
 00:12:53.365 --> 00:12:55.485
 They've been on the road and they're,
 
 00:12:55.504 --> 00:12:57.125
 yeah.
 
 00:12:57.144 --> 00:13:01.586
 So who's leading the NIDA militia?
 
 00:13:01.605 --> 00:13:04.267
 The local captains are...
 
 00:13:05.232 --> 00:13:07.735
 primarily the older men who
 
 00:13:07.774 --> 00:13:09.397
 had been in the French and Indian War.
 
 00:13:09.417 --> 00:13:09.496
 Okay.
 
 00:13:10.177 --> 00:13:11.018
 They were the ones who had
 
 00:13:11.038 --> 00:13:12.700
 had some military experience,
 
 00:13:12.740 --> 00:13:14.841
 who had gained some military rank,
 
 00:13:15.241 --> 00:13:16.222
 you know, in those days.
 
 00:13:16.243 --> 00:13:17.264
 They were in their fifties.
 
 00:13:17.283 --> 00:13:17.865
 Yeah.
 
 00:13:19.926 --> 00:13:21.587
 But, you know, the rest of the militia was,
 
 00:13:21.908 --> 00:13:23.269
 you know, we talk about, you know,
 
 00:13:23.288 --> 00:13:24.250
 they train all the time.
 
 00:13:24.269 --> 00:13:25.071
 They train every week.
 
 00:13:25.110 --> 00:13:27.092
 They have the muster field.
 
 00:13:27.113 --> 00:13:28.153
 They were very badly trained.
 
 00:13:29.822 --> 00:13:30.063
 Yeah, yeah.
 
 00:13:30.083 --> 00:13:30.924
 I mean,
 
 00:13:30.945 --> 00:13:32.908
 they're being trained by guys who
 
 00:13:32.948 --> 00:13:33.769
 are trying to remember what
 
 00:13:33.789 --> 00:13:35.052
 they did twenty years ago.
 
 00:13:35.693 --> 00:13:36.434
 Yeah.
 
 00:13:37.253 --> 00:13:38.634
 Powder and shot are becoming
 
 00:13:38.693 --> 00:13:40.434
 increasingly scarce and expensive.
 
 00:13:40.995 --> 00:13:42.216
 So half the time they're not
 
 00:13:42.275 --> 00:13:44.197
 even practicing loading their muskets.
 
 00:13:44.398 --> 00:13:45.398
 And it takes something like
 
 00:13:45.599 --> 00:13:48.139
 thirty steps to load and shoot a musket.
 
 00:13:48.900 --> 00:13:49.801
 And they're not practicing.
 
 00:13:50.522 --> 00:13:53.403
 And at the best of times it takes,
 
 00:13:53.903 --> 00:13:54.144
 you know,
 
 00:13:54.283 --> 00:13:55.845
 fifteen seconds if you're really good,
 
 00:13:56.144 --> 00:13:57.066
 half a minute if you're
 
 00:13:57.105 --> 00:13:58.386
 kind of decent at it.
 
 00:14:01.688 --> 00:14:02.208
 So they're really,
 
 00:14:02.269 --> 00:14:03.629
 and to all intents and purposes,
 
 00:14:03.649 --> 00:14:05.751
 they're going out unarmed.
 
 00:14:05.912 --> 00:14:06.072
 Wow.
 
 00:14:06.481 --> 00:14:07.981
 We're talking with Gloria Grice,
 
 00:14:08.022 --> 00:14:08.923
 who is the executive
 
 00:14:08.962 --> 00:14:09.883
 director of the Needham
 
 00:14:09.942 --> 00:14:11.323
 History Center and Museum.
 
 00:14:11.364 --> 00:14:13.063
 And she's talking about Needham,
 
 00:14:14.043 --> 00:14:15.345
 what happened on April the
 
 00:14:15.404 --> 00:14:17.044
 nineteenth of seventeen seventy five.
 
 00:14:17.065 --> 00:14:17.765
 And this year, they,
 
 00:14:18.105 --> 00:14:19.145
 as they have in the past,
 
 00:14:19.186 --> 00:14:20.586
 are recreating that with a
 
 00:14:20.645 --> 00:14:22.427
 walk from Needham to Arlington.
 
 00:14:23.187 --> 00:14:24.888
 And so this is really it's
 
 00:14:24.927 --> 00:14:26.587
 an interesting story about this town.
 
 00:14:26.628 --> 00:14:27.749
 So they they get to
 
 00:14:27.969 --> 00:14:29.729
 Arlington and then they
 
 00:14:29.788 --> 00:14:31.690
 actually are engaged with the British.
 
 00:14:31.970 --> 00:14:33.070
 You have a couple of casual
 
 00:14:33.129 --> 00:14:35.091
 a few casualties in Arlington.
 
 00:14:35.875 --> 00:14:39.238
 Yeah, they start to sort of spread out.
 
 00:14:39.258 --> 00:14:40.937
 There's a place in Arlington
 
 00:14:40.958 --> 00:14:42.239
 called the Foot of the Rocks,
 
 00:14:42.918 --> 00:14:43.539
 and this is sort of where
 
 00:14:43.580 --> 00:14:45.080
 the first contact is.
 
 00:14:45.100 --> 00:14:47.221
 And they spread out thereafter,
 
 00:14:47.241 --> 00:14:49.982
 sort of along Mass Ave.
 
 00:14:50.702 --> 00:14:53.043
 The largest number of them
 
 00:14:54.384 --> 00:14:56.725
 take defensive positions
 
 00:14:56.765 --> 00:14:58.787
 behind a place known as
 
 00:14:58.846 --> 00:15:00.148
 Jason Russell's Farm.
 
 00:15:01.087 --> 00:15:02.308
 Jason Russell House is now
 
 00:15:02.328 --> 00:15:03.009
 the headquarters of the
 
 00:15:03.089 --> 00:15:04.690
 Arlington Historical Society, which is
 
 00:15:05.570 --> 00:15:07.150
 obviously our destination for the walk.
 
 00:15:08.711 --> 00:15:10.673
 But Jason Russell's house, his barn,
 
 00:15:10.693 --> 00:15:11.313
 his orchard,
 
 00:15:11.354 --> 00:15:13.034
 they're sort of sheltering
 
 00:15:13.075 --> 00:15:15.976
 behind there to shoot toward the road.
 
 00:15:16.197 --> 00:15:19.799
 And Lord Percy coming the other ways said,
 
 00:15:19.840 --> 00:15:21.681
 well, I've got a solution for this.
 
 00:15:21.740 --> 00:15:23.261
 And he sends a column behind them.
 
 00:15:24.363 --> 00:15:25.224
 So there's a column of
 
 00:15:25.264 --> 00:15:27.485
 British soldiers on the road.
 
 00:15:27.504 --> 00:15:28.765
 There's a column coming up
 
 00:15:28.785 --> 00:15:30.126
 behind them as well.
 
 00:15:30.267 --> 00:15:32.828
 So they and the other militias
 
 00:15:33.912 --> 00:15:35.592
 um get sandwiched between
 
 00:15:36.533 --> 00:15:37.633
 basically and the other
 
 00:15:37.653 --> 00:15:39.354
 thing is you know they're
 
 00:15:39.813 --> 00:15:40.794
 so a lot of them take
 
 00:15:40.815 --> 00:15:42.414
 shelter in the russell
 
 00:15:42.434 --> 00:15:44.456
 house but the british are
 
 00:15:44.495 --> 00:15:45.375
 clearing literally they're
 
 00:15:45.395 --> 00:15:48.277
 clearing the houses and one
 
 00:15:48.297 --> 00:15:49.798
 of them comments you know
 
 00:15:49.837 --> 00:15:52.999
 that in as a penalty for
 
 00:15:53.038 --> 00:15:56.259
 their temerity their temerity for um
 
 00:15:56.892 --> 00:15:57.572
 proposing them,
 
 00:15:58.113 --> 00:15:58.874
 they would just enter the
 
 00:15:58.913 --> 00:16:00.053
 houses and kill everybody
 
 00:16:00.073 --> 00:16:00.975
 they found inside.
 
 00:16:01.916 --> 00:16:04.577
 And in the Jason Russell house, um,
 
 00:16:04.817 --> 00:16:08.100
 eleven people were killed and, you know,
 
 00:16:08.360 --> 00:16:09.642
 an additional number were wounded,
 
 00:16:09.662 --> 00:16:11.062
 including Jason Russell himself.
 
 00:16:11.342 --> 00:16:11.823
 Wow.
 
 00:16:11.884 --> 00:16:13.164
 And that's where four of the
 
 00:16:13.225 --> 00:16:15.947
 five Needham casualties took place.
 
 00:16:16.366 --> 00:16:17.148
 Hmm.
 
 00:16:17.168 --> 00:16:17.388
 Wow.
 
 00:16:18.668 --> 00:16:19.509
 Jonathan, by the way,
 
 00:16:19.548 --> 00:16:20.750
 has been researching this
 
 00:16:20.870 --> 00:16:22.451
 and he has identified the
 
 00:16:22.511 --> 00:16:24.595
 three companies from Needham.
 
 00:16:24.654 --> 00:16:26.557
 There's a forty-man company
 
 00:16:26.596 --> 00:16:29.539
 with Captain Caleb Kingsbury.
 
 00:16:29.600 --> 00:16:31.441
 Is that a minute company or
 
 00:16:31.461 --> 00:16:32.863
 is that just had forty men?
 
 00:16:32.883 --> 00:16:33.563
 Because the others have
 
 00:16:33.644 --> 00:16:36.306
 seventy or seventy-five men.
 
 00:16:36.567 --> 00:16:37.607
 The minute company were the
 
 00:16:37.648 --> 00:16:40.390
 specialists and that was a smaller group.
 
 00:16:41.091 --> 00:16:41.750
 Yes.
 
 00:16:41.831 --> 00:16:42.052
 Yeah.
 
 00:16:42.072 --> 00:16:43.011
 So Jonathan says, yeah,
 
 00:16:43.032 --> 00:16:44.312
 that would be the minute company.
 
 00:16:44.913 --> 00:16:45.933
 And then two Smiths,
 
 00:16:45.994 --> 00:16:47.094
 Robert Smith and Aaron
 
 00:16:47.153 --> 00:16:48.394
 Smith are in command of the others.
 
 00:16:48.434 --> 00:16:49.154
 I wonder if you know of
 
 00:16:49.195 --> 00:16:50.196
 anything more about these
 
 00:16:50.235 --> 00:16:51.436
 guys and their companies.
 
 00:16:51.875 --> 00:16:53.216
 Don't put you on the spot, Gloria.
 
 00:16:53.256 --> 00:16:54.158
 We have a lot of Smiths.
 
 00:16:56.798 --> 00:16:58.940
 It's one of the difficult
 
 00:16:58.960 --> 00:16:59.440
 things about doing
 
 00:16:59.460 --> 00:17:00.600
 genealogy in Needham is all
 
 00:17:00.620 --> 00:17:02.140
 the names are like Smith.
 
 00:17:02.160 --> 00:17:03.022
 Yeah.
 
 00:17:04.792 --> 00:17:05.553
 Yeah.
 
 00:17:05.573 --> 00:17:06.294
 Aaron Smith,
 
 00:17:06.733 --> 00:17:08.275
 who was the commander of the
 
 00:17:08.315 --> 00:17:09.375
 Office of the West Company.
 
 00:17:10.316 --> 00:17:10.997
 And yeah,
 
 00:17:13.157 --> 00:17:15.138
 they were... Smiths were a big family.
 
 00:17:16.259 --> 00:17:18.981
 You see them sort of spread.
 
 00:17:19.162 --> 00:17:21.462
 The Millses, the Smiths, the Kingsburys,
 
 00:17:21.522 --> 00:17:22.364
 the Fullers.
 
 00:17:23.545 --> 00:17:24.644
 You see these folks sort of
 
 00:17:24.704 --> 00:17:26.105
 throughout the muster lists.
 
 00:17:26.866 --> 00:17:30.148
 There are fathers and sons.
 
 00:17:31.288 --> 00:17:31.549
 There's...
 
 00:17:32.711 --> 00:17:37.434
 five Benjamin Millses in two generations.
 
 00:17:39.997 --> 00:17:41.618
 And one of the casualties,
 
 00:17:45.221 --> 00:17:46.061
 forgetting off the top of
 
 00:17:46.082 --> 00:17:46.823
 my head which one,
 
 00:17:47.683 --> 00:17:48.964
 was fighting with three of his sons.
 
 00:17:51.126 --> 00:17:52.907
 And the three sons survived
 
 00:17:52.948 --> 00:17:54.829
 and went on to actual
 
 00:17:55.309 --> 00:17:56.391
 regular Continental Army
 
 00:17:56.411 --> 00:17:57.231
 service afterwards.
 
 00:17:57.251 --> 00:17:59.653
 But yeah, this was family affair.
 
 00:18:00.321 --> 00:18:00.582
 Wow.
 
 00:18:01.442 --> 00:18:02.844
 So how many men does Needham
 
 00:18:02.884 --> 00:18:05.305
 lose on this day?
 
 00:18:05.384 --> 00:18:06.546
 On that day, they lost five.
 
 00:18:06.965 --> 00:18:07.205
 Wow.
 
 00:18:07.665 --> 00:18:08.166
 They lost five.
 
 00:18:08.287 --> 00:18:09.326
 One at the foot of the rocks
 
 00:18:09.567 --> 00:18:12.669
 and one between the rocks
 
 00:18:12.709 --> 00:18:13.609
 and the Russell House and
 
 00:18:13.650 --> 00:18:14.549
 three in the Russell House.
 
 00:18:16.191 --> 00:18:16.790
 It's amazing.
 
 00:18:17.432 --> 00:18:19.232
 I saw on one of the Needham
 
 00:18:19.272 --> 00:18:21.334
 Historical History Center's
 
 00:18:21.433 --> 00:18:23.095
 sites that that is as many
 
 00:18:23.154 --> 00:18:25.336
 men as Needham lost in the Korean War,
 
 00:18:25.415 --> 00:18:25.816
 I think.
 
 00:18:26.217 --> 00:18:26.636
 So it's a
 
 00:18:27.135 --> 00:18:28.616
 A high number to lose on one day.
 
 00:18:28.757 --> 00:18:30.077
 It's a high number to lose on one day.
 
 00:18:30.097 --> 00:18:30.178
 Yeah.
 
 00:18:30.198 --> 00:18:30.278
 Yeah.
 
 00:18:30.519 --> 00:18:31.338
 Yeah.
 
 00:18:32.119 --> 00:18:34.221
 And Jonathan tells us that
 
 00:18:34.300 --> 00:18:35.843
 many of the most were in
 
 00:18:35.942 --> 00:18:37.483
 Colonel William Heath's regiment.
 
 00:18:37.523 --> 00:18:38.984
 That is the town militias
 
 00:18:39.025 --> 00:18:40.885
 would be part of a county wide militia.
 
 00:18:41.446 --> 00:18:43.307
 Heath then would be the overall commander.
 
 00:18:43.327 --> 00:18:45.109
 And he's another character.
 
 00:18:45.130 --> 00:18:45.930
 He's not from Needham.
 
 00:18:45.950 --> 00:18:46.990
 So I guess he's beyond the
 
 00:18:47.030 --> 00:18:48.471
 purview of the Needham History Center.
 
 00:18:48.491 --> 00:18:49.673
 He's off my, he's,
 
 00:18:51.306 --> 00:18:51.645
 Off my horizon.
 
 00:18:51.665 --> 00:18:54.267
 Beyond my horizon.
 
 00:18:54.287 --> 00:18:55.028
 The funny thing about local
 
 00:18:55.048 --> 00:18:55.688
 history is you leave
 
 00:18:55.728 --> 00:18:57.949
 Needham and you're dead to me.
 
 00:18:58.970 --> 00:19:00.151
 Well, believe it or not,
 
 00:19:00.171 --> 00:19:01.971
 that happens with Lexington and Concord,
 
 00:19:02.031 --> 00:19:03.633
 too, and every other town.
 
 00:19:03.692 --> 00:19:04.833
 But it's great that people
 
 00:19:04.913 --> 00:19:05.993
 are keeping it alive.
 
 00:19:06.013 --> 00:19:07.375
 And so I guess the job of
 
 00:19:07.394 --> 00:19:08.275
 historians like me is
 
 00:19:08.315 --> 00:19:09.256
 trying to tie it together.
 
 00:19:09.276 --> 00:19:11.676
 Exactly.
 
 00:19:11.696 --> 00:19:12.778
 So we're talking with Gloria
 
 00:19:12.798 --> 00:19:13.597
 Grice from the Needham
 
 00:19:13.638 --> 00:19:14.919
 History Center and Museum.
 
 00:19:14.959 --> 00:19:16.259
 So what time does the walk
 
 00:19:16.299 --> 00:19:17.540
 set off on April
 
 00:19:18.305 --> 00:19:20.346
 The walk will set off at eight forty five.
 
 00:19:21.666 --> 00:19:21.826
 OK.
 
 00:19:21.906 --> 00:19:24.749
 From Townsend Green, as the militia did,
 
 00:19:24.769 --> 00:19:25.769
 which is the intersection
 
 00:19:25.788 --> 00:19:27.349
 now of Central Avenue and
 
 00:19:27.750 --> 00:19:28.471
 New Hoyden Street,
 
 00:19:29.490 --> 00:19:30.612
 which used to be the center of town.
 
 00:19:33.593 --> 00:19:34.013
 Interesting.
 
 00:19:34.634 --> 00:19:35.974
 And then it takes this route
 
 00:19:35.994 --> 00:19:37.316
 and it gets then to
 
 00:19:37.976 --> 00:19:40.136
 Arlington sometime around noon, I guess.
 
 00:19:40.517 --> 00:19:41.557
 No, around two thirty.
 
 00:19:41.597 --> 00:19:41.978
 Two thirty.
 
 00:19:41.998 --> 00:19:42.357
 Well, OK.
 
 00:19:42.417 --> 00:19:42.557
 Yeah.
 
 00:19:42.678 --> 00:19:43.739
 OK.
 
 00:19:44.338 --> 00:19:45.220
 And then do you walk back?
 
 00:19:45.940 --> 00:19:46.401
 No.
 
 00:19:46.441 --> 00:19:47.161
 You find your own way.
 
 00:19:48.536 --> 00:19:50.257
 You have to get yourself a carpool.
 
 00:19:51.719 --> 00:19:52.618
 Some people get pickups,
 
 00:19:52.779 --> 00:19:54.161
 people carpool coming back.
 
 00:19:54.580 --> 00:19:55.422
 Nobody's going to walk back
 
 00:19:55.461 --> 00:19:56.682
 another twelve and a half miles.
 
 00:19:57.723 --> 00:20:00.686
 About how many folks do this every year?
 
 00:20:00.747 --> 00:20:02.328
 Normally we get about twenty five.
 
 00:20:03.569 --> 00:20:05.010
 This year we're getting a
 
 00:20:05.131 --> 00:20:06.152
 lot of participation.
 
 00:20:06.192 --> 00:20:07.393
 We have forty five people
 
 00:20:08.233 --> 00:20:09.375
 signed up for the walk.
 
 00:20:10.726 --> 00:20:12.666
 Also, to increase participation this year,
 
 00:20:13.166 --> 00:20:14.067
 we're offering a bus.
 
 00:20:14.166 --> 00:20:15.127
 We don't normally do that,
 
 00:20:15.147 --> 00:20:16.228
 but there'll be a guided
 
 00:20:16.268 --> 00:20:17.949
 tour bus that follows the same route.
 
 00:20:17.969 --> 00:20:18.108
 Oh, okay.
 
 00:20:18.128 --> 00:20:19.789
 Interesting.
 
 00:20:19.950 --> 00:20:20.730
 And, you know,
 
 00:20:20.750 --> 00:20:21.851
 so you can sort of still see
 
 00:20:21.871 --> 00:20:23.351
 the route and still hear the story.
 
 00:20:23.431 --> 00:20:23.951
 But, you know,
 
 00:20:23.971 --> 00:20:24.932
 for people who aren't going
 
 00:20:24.951 --> 00:20:25.912
 to walk twelve miles,
 
 00:20:26.791 --> 00:20:27.913
 they can still participate.
 
 00:20:27.932 --> 00:20:28.712
 And we have, I think,
 
 00:20:28.772 --> 00:20:30.534
 thirty people on the bus as well.
 
 00:20:30.554 --> 00:20:31.835
 So it's going to be a much
 
 00:20:31.875 --> 00:20:33.255
 bigger crowd than usual.
 
 00:20:33.275 --> 00:20:33.755
 That's good.
 
 00:20:33.815 --> 00:20:34.935
 That's very good.
 
 00:20:34.955 --> 00:20:36.115
 And now along the route,
 
 00:20:36.155 --> 00:20:37.557
 you must see other people
 
 00:20:37.636 --> 00:20:38.757
 who were either out and
 
 00:20:38.777 --> 00:20:40.258
 about or doing similar things.
 
 00:20:41.862 --> 00:20:42.362
 I don't think they've
 
 00:20:42.402 --> 00:20:44.022
 encountered people doing similar things.
 
 00:20:44.063 --> 00:20:44.742
 This year is going to be
 
 00:20:44.762 --> 00:20:46.304
 interesting because it's not only,
 
 00:20:46.443 --> 00:20:48.023
 not only are other towns, you know,
 
 00:20:48.064 --> 00:20:49.285
 doing their own celebrations,
 
 00:20:49.325 --> 00:20:53.266
 but it's also marathon weekend.
 
 00:20:53.906 --> 00:20:54.446
 Yeah.
 
 00:20:54.487 --> 00:20:55.027
 So I think,
 
 00:20:55.126 --> 00:20:57.087
 I think the roads will be a little more,
 
 00:20:57.228 --> 00:20:57.928
 I think there'll be more
 
 00:20:57.968 --> 00:20:59.729
 activity on the roads this year,
 
 00:20:59.769 --> 00:21:01.348
 but they have, they have t-shirts,
 
 00:21:01.368 --> 00:21:02.470
 they have team t-shirts.
 
 00:21:02.890 --> 00:21:03.589
 So people do that.
 
 00:21:03.769 --> 00:21:05.191
 So what are you, what are you doing?
 
 00:21:05.230 --> 00:21:06.111
 What is this group?
 
 00:21:06.131 --> 00:21:06.971
 What is, what's going on?
 
 00:21:06.990 --> 00:21:07.971
 So yeah, it's kind of fun.
 
 00:21:08.932 --> 00:21:09.432
 What's a good way of
 
 00:21:09.472 --> 00:21:10.374
 spreading the word about it?
 
 00:21:10.394 --> 00:21:11.554
 You were telling us earlier
 
 00:21:11.594 --> 00:21:12.994
 about the Gray House in
 
 00:21:13.974 --> 00:21:18.017
 Belmont and what you discovered there.
 
 00:21:18.096 --> 00:21:19.958
 Yeah, the Gray House is,
 
 00:21:19.978 --> 00:21:21.358
 and Gray is the name of the
 
 00:21:21.378 --> 00:21:23.358
 family that built the house, G-R-E-Y,
 
 00:21:24.279 --> 00:21:28.622
 is on Common Street in Belmont,
 
 00:21:28.721 --> 00:21:30.442
 in part of the, in the historic district,
 
 00:21:30.482 --> 00:21:31.042
 and it was built
 
 00:21:32.201 --> 00:21:33.682
 In the mid-seventeen hundreds.
 
 00:21:34.103 --> 00:21:35.282
 And last year,
 
 00:21:35.643 --> 00:21:37.044
 as the folks were walking by
 
 00:21:37.064 --> 00:21:37.804
 with their t-shirts,
 
 00:21:39.324 --> 00:21:40.224
 the owners were sort of
 
 00:21:40.345 --> 00:21:42.025
 puttering in their yard and this, what's,
 
 00:21:42.204 --> 00:21:43.625
 you know, what, what are you guys doing?
 
 00:21:43.645 --> 00:21:44.185
 What's going to say?
 
 00:21:44.226 --> 00:21:44.786
 Stop and talk.
 
 00:21:44.806 --> 00:21:46.646
 I said, oh, that's really interesting.
 
 00:21:46.946 --> 00:21:47.707
 Our house,
 
 00:21:48.407 --> 00:21:49.847
 which is on the sort of retreat
 
 00:21:49.887 --> 00:21:51.949
 road from the Jason Russell house,
 
 00:21:52.288 --> 00:21:53.229
 that our house was where
 
 00:21:53.269 --> 00:21:54.150
 the women and children
 
 00:21:54.170 --> 00:21:55.869
 sheltered as the militia
 
 00:21:55.890 --> 00:21:57.730
 started to converge.
 
 00:21:57.830 --> 00:21:58.070
 Wow.
 
 00:21:58.479 --> 00:21:59.519
 They got out of Dodge.
 
 00:22:00.680 --> 00:22:01.861
 The Russell House is where a
 
 00:22:01.901 --> 00:22:03.061
 lot of them sheltered for
 
 00:22:03.102 --> 00:22:06.523
 safety during the battle.
 
 00:22:06.544 --> 00:22:08.305
 So we find this stuff as we go,
 
 00:22:08.744 --> 00:22:09.285
 which is fun.
 
 00:22:09.305 --> 00:22:09.865
 MIKE HENRY JR.
 
 00:22:09.865 --> 00:22:10.865
 : That's interesting because, of course,
 
 00:22:10.905 --> 00:22:11.625
 women and children are
 
 00:22:11.686 --> 00:22:14.228
 leaving the battle to take
 
 00:22:14.528 --> 00:22:15.249
 shelter somewhere.
 
 00:22:16.374 --> 00:22:16.493
 Yeah,
 
 00:22:16.554 --> 00:22:19.394
 I think that sort of the crowdedness
 
 00:22:19.434 --> 00:22:20.394
 of the roads is something
 
 00:22:20.414 --> 00:22:21.576
 we underestimate.
 
 00:22:22.215 --> 00:22:23.215
 Not only are a bunch of
 
 00:22:23.236 --> 00:22:24.957
 militias converging in this direction,
 
 00:22:25.356 --> 00:22:25.997
 but there are a bunch of
 
 00:22:26.037 --> 00:22:26.778
 people trying to get away
 
 00:22:26.817 --> 00:22:27.538
 in the other direction.
 
 00:22:27.597 --> 00:22:27.857
 Yeah.
 
 00:22:30.419 --> 00:22:30.578
 Well,
 
 00:22:30.939 --> 00:22:32.439
 it really gives us a sense of this is
 
 00:22:32.459 --> 00:22:36.181
 a war and not just a tidy
 
 00:22:36.201 --> 00:22:36.961
 thing happening.
 
 00:22:37.020 --> 00:22:37.840
 And we're not really sure
 
 00:22:38.480 --> 00:22:39.422
 what is happening or what's
 
 00:22:39.481 --> 00:22:40.142
 going to happen.
 
 00:22:40.728 --> 00:22:42.368
 we think of it as a set piece, you know,
 
 00:22:42.388 --> 00:22:43.249
 sort of, you know,
 
 00:22:43.269 --> 00:22:44.069
 they did this and then they
 
 00:22:44.109 --> 00:22:44.710
 went there and then they
 
 00:22:44.730 --> 00:22:46.971
 did this and you forget that, you know,
 
 00:22:46.990 --> 00:22:48.711
 these are, these are people that are, and,
 
 00:22:48.811 --> 00:22:49.153
 and I,
 
 00:22:49.192 --> 00:22:51.713
 what really just strikes me about
 
 00:22:51.773 --> 00:22:54.875
 it is the sheer guts.
 
 00:22:54.895 --> 00:22:55.076
 Oh yeah.
 
 00:22:56.436 --> 00:22:58.377
 That, you know, you think of, Oh, you know,
 
 00:22:58.678 --> 00:22:59.538
 we're the good guys.
 
 00:22:59.597 --> 00:23:01.338
 Of course we, we know we're going to win.
 
 00:23:01.398 --> 00:23:03.140
 Right.
 
 00:23:03.160 --> 00:23:03.740
 They didn't know what they
 
 00:23:03.760 --> 00:23:05.942
 were getting into and they
 
 00:23:05.961 --> 00:23:06.961
 weren't really ready to get
 
 00:23:07.001 --> 00:23:08.522
 into what they got into and you just,
 
 00:23:08.603 --> 00:23:09.463
 but they did it anyway.
 
 00:23:09.990 --> 00:23:10.431
 That's right.
 
 00:23:10.570 --> 00:23:10.971
 Yeah.
 
 00:23:10.990 --> 00:23:13.771
 It's an amazing story for those reasons.
 
 00:23:15.051 --> 00:23:15.291
 Let's see.
 
 00:23:15.352 --> 00:23:17.032
 Jonathan reminds us that
 
 00:23:17.232 --> 00:23:19.853
 Abel Benson was a patriot of color.
 
 00:23:19.873 --> 00:23:21.534
 He was playing a trumpet to warn people.
 
 00:23:21.554 --> 00:23:23.213
 He's one of the alarm spreaders.
 
 00:23:23.433 --> 00:23:24.974
 He's one of the alarm spreaders.
 
 00:23:27.375 --> 00:23:29.195
 He was riding.
 
 00:23:30.655 --> 00:23:32.096
 At that time,
 
 00:23:32.155 --> 00:23:35.336
 part of Natick was called the Needham.
 
 00:23:35.457 --> 00:23:36.176
 It was actually part of
 
 00:23:36.237 --> 00:23:37.576
 Needham until after the war.
 
 00:23:38.557 --> 00:23:39.698
 And Abel Benson...
 
 00:23:41.282 --> 00:23:42.243
 was rode through.
 
 00:23:42.304 --> 00:23:42.604
 He had his,
 
 00:23:42.644 --> 00:23:43.284
 he'd learned from his
 
 00:23:43.324 --> 00:23:44.384
 grandfather how to play the
 
 00:23:44.404 --> 00:23:45.705
 trumpet or he had a trumpet.
 
 00:23:45.965 --> 00:23:48.406
 And he took a trumpet in his horse and he,
 
 00:23:48.446 --> 00:23:49.347
 he was, he was quite young.
 
 00:23:49.367 --> 00:23:51.068
 He was, uh, twelve, fourteen.
 
 00:23:51.088 --> 00:23:52.609
 He was a little boy.
 
 00:23:54.211 --> 00:23:54.590
 And, you know,
 
 00:23:54.730 --> 00:23:55.932
 through Western Needham into
 
 00:23:55.971 --> 00:23:58.913
 Natick and spread the word that way.
 
 00:23:58.993 --> 00:24:00.375
 So, so yeah, we think of, you know,
 
 00:24:00.414 --> 00:24:01.494
 Paul Revere sort of being
 
 00:24:01.555 --> 00:24:02.536
 on the road by himself,
 
 00:24:02.576 --> 00:24:03.576
 maybe with Richard Claus,
 
 00:24:03.596 --> 00:24:05.897
 but it was very much a network.
 
 00:24:06.330 --> 00:24:06.790
 you know,
 
 00:24:06.852 --> 00:24:08.012
 they told people and other people
 
 00:24:08.032 --> 00:24:09.693
 told people and other people told people.
 
 00:24:09.733 --> 00:24:11.675
 And so you do get this redundancy.
 
 00:24:11.715 --> 00:24:13.156
 We had three alarms in Needham.
 
 00:24:14.659 --> 00:24:14.759
 Right.
 
 00:24:14.778 --> 00:24:15.558
 Well, it was necessary.
 
 00:24:15.599 --> 00:24:17.300
 I mean, in case anyone didn't make it,
 
 00:24:17.461 --> 00:24:19.343
 it's a way of spreading this information.
 
 00:24:19.383 --> 00:24:20.104
 I was interested to hear
 
 00:24:20.124 --> 00:24:21.404
 about the committees of
 
 00:24:21.464 --> 00:24:23.606
 safety kind of monitoring things and then,
 
 00:24:23.646 --> 00:24:23.807
 you know,
 
 00:24:23.846 --> 00:24:24.968
 where are they and then how do
 
 00:24:24.988 --> 00:24:25.788
 they get the news to
 
 00:24:25.868 --> 00:24:27.190
 Watertown Square that this
 
 00:24:27.250 --> 00:24:27.971
 is happening and this is
 
 00:24:27.990 --> 00:24:28.691
 where you should go.
 
 00:24:28.711 --> 00:24:29.172
 It's a,
 
 00:24:30.257 --> 00:24:30.436
 Yeah,
 
 00:24:30.457 --> 00:24:32.076
 we picked up a local guide at some point.
 
 00:24:32.136 --> 00:24:33.258
 It's like, where are we going now?
 
 00:24:33.278 --> 00:24:34.897
 It said, okay, I'll lead you.
 
 00:24:34.958 --> 00:24:35.657
 And there was a guide that
 
 00:24:35.678 --> 00:24:36.739
 took them into Arlington
 
 00:24:37.519 --> 00:24:38.878
 through some of the sort of
 
 00:24:38.919 --> 00:24:40.038
 back roads because they
 
 00:24:40.078 --> 00:24:42.559
 didn't know where they were.
 
 00:24:42.579 --> 00:24:43.539
 They didn't venture out that
 
 00:24:43.579 --> 00:24:44.259
 far all the time.
 
 00:24:45.780 --> 00:24:46.681
 What was the most efficient
 
 00:24:46.721 --> 00:24:47.340
 way to get there?
 
 00:24:47.361 --> 00:24:49.260
 Interesting.
 
 00:24:49.280 --> 00:24:50.541
 Jonathan points out that
 
 00:24:50.602 --> 00:24:52.241
 Peter Benson or Abel Benson
 
 00:24:52.281 --> 00:24:53.761
 was Peter Salem's brother-in-law.
 
 00:24:53.781 --> 00:24:54.583
 I guess his sister was
 
 00:24:54.643 --> 00:24:56.442
 married to Peter Salem, who was also...
 
 00:24:57.269 --> 00:24:57.890
 Patriot of Color.
 
 00:24:57.910 --> 00:24:58.769
 I wonder if you know about
 
 00:24:58.970 --> 00:25:00.211
 any more people of color in
 
 00:25:00.250 --> 00:25:02.530
 Needham at the time or what
 
 00:25:02.570 --> 00:25:03.770
 the town was like in that way.
 
 00:25:04.330 --> 00:25:06.152
 That's actually something
 
 00:25:06.192 --> 00:25:08.551
 we're working on in another connection.
 
 00:25:08.571 --> 00:25:09.633
 We started working with the
 
 00:25:09.653 --> 00:25:12.532
 First Parish three years ago.
 
 00:25:13.913 --> 00:25:15.054
 First Parish wanted to look
 
 00:25:15.134 --> 00:25:16.913
 into sort of their
 
 00:25:17.334 --> 00:25:18.233
 connection and their
 
 00:25:18.273 --> 00:25:21.835
 responsibility with the
 
 00:25:21.875 --> 00:25:23.474
 slave trade and enslavement.
 
 00:25:23.795 --> 00:25:24.996
 And when we started this,
 
 00:25:25.016 --> 00:25:26.135
 we got a lot of pushback.
 
 00:25:26.155 --> 00:25:26.476
 You know, there's
 
 00:25:28.883 --> 00:25:31.984
 There were no slaves in the North.
 
 00:25:32.005 --> 00:25:33.546
 You're just trying to cause trouble.
 
 00:25:34.307 --> 00:25:34.666
 And of course,
 
 00:25:34.747 --> 00:25:35.768
 once you look at the records
 
 00:25:35.807 --> 00:25:37.028
 and you look at the minister's records,
 
 00:25:39.170 --> 00:25:40.490
 there were enslaved people in Needham.
 
 00:25:40.510 --> 00:25:44.733
 The minister was given a man
 
 00:25:44.794 --> 00:25:46.536
 Homer as a wedding gift for
 
 00:25:46.576 --> 00:25:47.316
 his father-in-law.
 
 00:25:49.057 --> 00:25:50.959
 But we also see in the
 
 00:25:53.000 --> 00:25:56.762
 muster rolls that there are both
 
 00:25:57.998 --> 00:25:59.678
 free Blacks credited to
 
 00:25:59.798 --> 00:26:02.179
 Needham and enslaved people
 
 00:26:02.838 --> 00:26:03.939
 credited to Needham that
 
 00:26:03.959 --> 00:26:05.700
 were presumably sent as substitutes.
 
 00:26:06.299 --> 00:26:08.559
 You know, after that first alarm,
 
 00:26:08.680 --> 00:26:10.480
 then you do get, you know,
 
 00:26:10.560 --> 00:26:14.461
 you do get quotas and conscription.
 
 00:26:14.741 --> 00:26:16.902
 And, you know, so people are sending,
 
 00:26:17.182 --> 00:26:18.021
 some people are sending
 
 00:26:18.041 --> 00:26:19.742
 their slaves as substitutes
 
 00:26:19.762 --> 00:26:21.103
 and some people, some freed.
 
 00:26:22.784 --> 00:26:24.565
 Blacks are choosing to fight.
 
 00:26:25.226 --> 00:26:28.028
 Interestingly, on the colonist side,
 
 00:26:28.048 --> 00:26:29.990
 because we also know that
 
 00:26:30.009 --> 00:26:32.090
 the British were offering freedom.
 
 00:26:32.852 --> 00:26:33.633
 Not at this point.
 
 00:26:35.614 --> 00:26:36.355
 Fighting for them?
 
 00:26:37.496 --> 00:26:38.276
 Not at this point, no.
 
 00:26:38.576 --> 00:26:39.277
 I'm wondering, too,
 
 00:26:39.336 --> 00:26:40.577
 since you're a Natick or
 
 00:26:40.617 --> 00:26:41.818
 part of Natick as part of Needham,
 
 00:26:41.878 --> 00:26:43.079
 are there any Native people?
 
 00:26:43.641 --> 00:26:44.040
 There are.
 
 00:26:44.181 --> 00:26:49.826
 There is actually a whole militia company
 
 00:26:51.044 --> 00:26:51.963
 In South Natick,
 
 00:26:52.064 --> 00:26:55.944
 that's basically Native people,
 
 00:26:56.306 --> 00:26:58.746
 Black people, and mixed race.
 
 00:26:58.766 --> 00:26:59.425
 Interesting.
 
 00:26:59.866 --> 00:27:00.906
 Because as the,
 
 00:27:02.067 --> 00:27:04.087
 what had been the praying
 
 00:27:04.127 --> 00:27:05.228
 Indian community in the
 
 00:27:05.248 --> 00:27:06.567
 late-sixteen hundreds,
 
 00:27:08.048 --> 00:27:10.148
 a large number of Native
 
 00:27:10.189 --> 00:27:11.130
 Americans remained in the
 
 00:27:11.190 --> 00:27:12.950
 parish even after King Philip's War,
 
 00:27:12.990 --> 00:27:13.750
 remained in the parish,
 
 00:27:13.990 --> 00:27:15.631
 intermarried to some extent with
 
 00:27:16.942 --> 00:27:19.104
 people in Natick,
 
 00:27:19.144 --> 00:27:23.426
 but also it became a community of,
 
 00:27:24.987 --> 00:27:25.907
 a more marginal community,
 
 00:27:25.928 --> 00:27:26.827
 people who were not going to live,
 
 00:27:26.867 --> 00:27:27.788
 like Black people from
 
 00:27:28.249 --> 00:27:29.890
 other parts of the area
 
 00:27:29.910 --> 00:27:31.211
 were not going to be living in, say,
 
 00:27:31.550 --> 00:27:32.852
 Natick Center or Needham Center.
 
 00:27:33.832 --> 00:27:37.374
 This became a community of convergence.
 
 00:27:38.875 --> 00:27:40.455
 Crispus Attucks, for example,
 
 00:27:41.076 --> 00:27:43.336
 who was half Native and half Black,
 
 00:27:44.258 --> 00:27:44.758
 came from there.
 
 00:27:45.346 --> 00:27:46.828
 Interesting.
 
 00:27:47.789 --> 00:27:51.272
 There was an entire militia
 
 00:27:51.794 --> 00:27:53.355
 company from South Native
 
 00:27:53.415 --> 00:27:55.698
 that was primarily Native and Black.
 
 00:27:55.718 --> 00:27:57.038
 Wow.
 
 00:27:57.058 --> 00:27:58.059
 Do you know who commanded it?
 
 00:27:58.921 --> 00:27:59.961
 Not off the top of my head, no.
 
 00:28:00.042 --> 00:28:00.222
 Okay.
 
 00:28:01.262 --> 00:28:02.804
 Do you know if it was a Native person,
 
 00:28:02.824 --> 00:28:04.945
 Black person, White person anymore?
 
 00:28:05.046 --> 00:28:05.165
 I mean,
 
 00:28:05.185 --> 00:28:06.448
 that would be interesting to find out.
 
 00:28:06.647 --> 00:28:07.669
 That would be interesting to find out.
 
 00:28:07.689 --> 00:28:09.230
 I actually have a muster list,
 
 00:28:09.309 --> 00:28:10.151
 but I don't know who the community is.
 
 00:28:10.171 --> 00:28:10.290
 Really?
 
 00:28:10.310 --> 00:28:10.490
 Yeah.
 
 00:28:10.510 --> 00:28:11.451
 Okay.
 
 00:28:11.531 --> 00:28:12.813
 Interesting.
 
 00:28:12.833 --> 00:28:13.794
 We're talking with Gloria
 
 00:28:13.814 --> 00:28:14.714
 Grice from the Needham
 
 00:28:14.755 --> 00:28:15.955
 History Center and Museum,
 
 00:28:15.996 --> 00:28:17.938
 talking about Needham and
 
 00:28:17.958 --> 00:28:19.019
 the answer to the alarm.
 
 00:28:19.078 --> 00:28:19.398
 I wonder,
 
 00:28:19.858 --> 00:28:21.500
 there's a lot else you're doing
 
 00:28:21.540 --> 00:28:22.602
 with the Needham History
 
 00:28:22.642 --> 00:28:23.321
 Center and Museum.
 
 00:28:23.362 --> 00:28:24.182
 I wonder if you want to tell
 
 00:28:24.262 --> 00:28:26.125
 us more about what you're up to.
 
 00:28:27.170 --> 00:28:30.926
 Yeah, this is for this month itself.
 
 00:28:34.034 --> 00:28:35.755
 doing basically the talk
 
 00:28:35.775 --> 00:28:36.776
 version of Needham's
 
 00:28:36.816 --> 00:28:39.116
 response to the Lexington Alarm.
 
 00:28:39.176 --> 00:28:40.116
 I think I'm doing it for the
 
 00:28:40.417 --> 00:28:41.198
 third time this week.
 
 00:28:41.337 --> 00:28:41.877
 Oh, good.
 
 00:28:41.897 --> 00:28:42.258
 Very good.
 
 00:28:42.317 --> 00:28:43.159
 Later this week.
 
 00:28:44.920 --> 00:28:46.480
 But we've also done a
 
 00:28:46.520 --> 00:28:48.320
 collaboration with our
 
 00:28:48.381 --> 00:28:51.542
 friends at the Natick Historical Society,
 
 00:28:51.742 --> 00:28:53.163
 the Wellesley Historical Society,
 
 00:28:53.203 --> 00:28:55.744
 the Holliston Historical Commission,
 
 00:28:55.884 --> 00:28:57.286
 the Sherbourne Historical Society,
 
 00:28:58.026 --> 00:28:59.467
 Framingham Historical Society,
 
 00:29:00.166 --> 00:29:01.928
 to cross-promote
 
 00:29:05.608 --> 00:29:07.148
 all of our April events.
 
 00:29:07.469 --> 00:29:09.730
 So we have the opportunity
 
 00:29:09.789 --> 00:29:11.470
 to share them with a wider
 
 00:29:11.609 --> 00:29:13.990
 audience to give our
 
 00:29:14.050 --> 00:29:15.911
 respective memberships and
 
 00:29:15.971 --> 00:29:17.391
 audiences a greater sense
 
 00:29:17.411 --> 00:29:17.991
 of what's going on
 
 00:29:18.031 --> 00:29:19.112
 regionally rather than
 
 00:29:19.172 --> 00:29:21.731
 within our own silos.
 
 00:29:22.732 --> 00:29:23.573
 Also for us,
 
 00:29:23.613 --> 00:29:25.932
 a good launch for April is
 
 00:29:25.952 --> 00:29:26.913
 Needham History Month.
 
 00:29:26.933 --> 00:29:28.213
 So we have an event.
 
 00:29:28.273 --> 00:29:28.993
 We have a calendar,
 
 00:29:29.013 --> 00:29:30.555
 an event or something to do
 
 00:29:31.315 --> 00:29:32.234
 every day in April.
 
 00:29:32.932 --> 00:29:34.012
 But going forward,
 
 00:29:35.894 --> 00:29:39.336
 what I like best in many
 
 00:29:39.356 --> 00:29:41.138
 ways about this event as a
 
 00:29:41.219 --> 00:29:44.000
 springboard is that
 
 00:29:45.803 --> 00:29:47.364
 Lexington and Concord get
 
 00:29:47.403 --> 00:29:49.986
 all the oxygen for something like this.
 
 00:29:50.185 --> 00:29:52.367
 And certainly,
 
 00:29:52.407 --> 00:29:56.191
 it's not like it's unimportant.
 
 00:29:58.230 --> 00:29:59.991
 it tends to make people think that,
 
 00:30:00.113 --> 00:30:01.212
 you know, nothing, well,
 
 00:30:01.252 --> 00:30:02.013
 we didn't do anything.
 
 00:30:02.054 --> 00:30:03.134
 Nothing ever happened here.
 
 00:30:03.154 --> 00:30:04.736
 And that's the ongoing
 
 00:30:04.756 --> 00:30:05.696
 challenge of local history.
 
 00:30:05.737 --> 00:30:06.978
 Nothing ever happened here.
 
 00:30:08.898 --> 00:30:09.759
 Everything happened here.
 
 00:30:09.779 --> 00:30:10.661
 Yeah.
 
 00:30:10.721 --> 00:30:11.401
 Everything happened here
 
 00:30:11.441 --> 00:30:12.642
 because it doesn't happen
 
 00:30:13.383 --> 00:30:15.884
 anywhere else until it happens, you know,
 
 00:30:15.944 --> 00:30:17.246
 in a bunch of small towns.
 
 00:30:17.266 --> 00:30:18.906
 Right, yeah, yeah.
 
 00:30:19.086 --> 00:30:20.567
 And people don't realize
 
 00:30:20.587 --> 00:30:22.048
 because monotony doesn't
 
 00:30:22.068 --> 00:30:23.329
 get the same kind of publicity.
 
 00:30:23.369 --> 00:30:24.471
 People don't realize that
 
 00:30:24.510 --> 00:30:25.912
 Needham was involved that day.
 
 00:30:26.012 --> 00:30:26.353
 Mm-hmm.
 
 00:30:28.046 --> 00:30:29.227
 And then our challenge going
 
 00:30:29.267 --> 00:30:32.068
 forward is what happens the
 
 00:30:32.088 --> 00:30:32.709
 rest of the war?
 
 00:30:34.471 --> 00:30:35.431
 So even to the extent that
 
 00:30:35.451 --> 00:30:36.271
 we talk about the war,
 
 00:30:36.291 --> 00:30:38.294
 we do talk about monotony most.
 
 00:30:39.114 --> 00:30:41.715
 So Bunker Hill Day is in two months.
 
 00:30:43.237 --> 00:30:44.218
 We're not at Bunker Hill.
 
 00:30:45.138 --> 00:30:46.079
 Our militias were sent to
 
 00:30:46.119 --> 00:30:47.421
 Dorchester Heights and Roxbury.
 
 00:30:48.642 --> 00:30:49.402
 And I had an argument with
 
 00:30:49.422 --> 00:30:50.343
 somebody once who said, well,
 
 00:30:50.363 --> 00:30:51.324
 we were slackers because
 
 00:30:51.344 --> 00:30:54.645
 we're in a Bunker Hill.
 
 00:30:54.685 --> 00:30:56.788
 You defend where the commanders send you.
 
 00:30:59.903 --> 00:31:00.923
 But also, you know,
 
 00:31:01.002 --> 00:31:02.263
 through the course of the war,
 
 00:31:02.984 --> 00:31:04.705
 they're in up there in
 
 00:31:04.746 --> 00:31:05.885
 Ticonderoga and they're on
 
 00:31:05.925 --> 00:31:08.827
 Canada and they're in the South,
 
 00:31:08.847 --> 00:31:10.148
 some of the South shore hall.
 
 00:31:11.230 --> 00:31:14.250
 So, so for this year, you know,
 
 00:31:14.290 --> 00:31:15.192
 the things we want to bring
 
 00:31:15.291 --> 00:31:17.432
 up is what else did they do?
 
 00:31:17.472 --> 00:31:18.314
 Where else did they go?
 
 00:31:19.434 --> 00:31:20.654
 Were there other casualties?
 
 00:31:21.695 --> 00:31:24.238
 Who were the people that were serving?
 
 00:31:24.298 --> 00:31:24.657
 Cause you know,
 
 00:31:25.316 --> 00:31:26.355
 April XIX was sort of a
 
 00:31:26.457 --> 00:31:27.376
 one-day commitment.
 
 00:31:28.057 --> 00:31:28.656
 And then you get these
 
 00:31:28.696 --> 00:31:29.698
 short-term commitments.
 
 00:31:29.738 --> 00:31:30.857
 But then you have the three-year men.
 
 00:31:32.118 --> 00:31:33.838
 So as the war progresses,
 
 00:31:33.878 --> 00:31:37.020
 these commitments change as well.
 
 00:31:37.141 --> 00:31:39.981
 So who's joining up?
 
 00:31:40.001 --> 00:31:40.842
 What are they doing?
 
 00:31:40.942 --> 00:31:41.742
 And then also,
 
 00:31:42.042 --> 00:31:43.363
 I do want to look into the
 
 00:31:43.403 --> 00:31:46.124
 history of free Blacks and
 
 00:31:46.163 --> 00:31:49.445
 enslaved Blacks who are fighting out of,
 
 00:31:49.526 --> 00:31:51.406
 you know, in the need of muster roles.
 
 00:31:51.446 --> 00:31:51.926
 Who are these women?
 
 00:31:51.967 --> 00:31:52.886
 Who are they coming from?
 
 00:31:53.467 --> 00:31:55.048
 I want to look at the role of women
 
 00:31:55.859 --> 00:31:57.621
 yeah when we have a quota
 
 00:31:57.641 --> 00:32:00.682
 for blankets and stockings
 
 00:32:00.801 --> 00:32:01.701
 that's right we're making
 
 00:32:01.721 --> 00:32:03.162
 them so right right you
 
 00:32:03.182 --> 00:32:04.482
 know what role you know
 
 00:32:04.502 --> 00:32:06.182
 they're not they're not you
 
 00:32:06.222 --> 00:32:06.863
 know we don't have a
 
 00:32:06.883 --> 00:32:08.144
 deborah sampson carrying a
 
 00:32:08.203 --> 00:32:10.424
 rifle out of needham but
 
 00:32:10.644 --> 00:32:12.224
 you know the town is all in
 
 00:32:12.365 --> 00:32:13.345
 in all sorts of ways oh
 
 00:32:14.685 --> 00:32:16.105
 yeah so so what's you know
 
 00:32:16.125 --> 00:32:17.166
 what are the other type of
 
 00:32:17.207 --> 00:32:18.906
 involvements the taxes
 
 00:32:18.926 --> 00:32:21.508
 right right axes and
 
 00:32:21.567 --> 00:32:23.307
 firewood and you know how
 
 00:32:23.388 --> 00:32:24.848
 is the town compass how's the town
 
 00:32:25.435 --> 00:32:26.215
 managing that.
 
 00:32:26.916 --> 00:32:27.757
 Right, right.
 
 00:32:28.477 --> 00:32:29.637
 Yeah.
 
 00:32:30.097 --> 00:32:31.258
 Jonathan points out that
 
 00:32:31.317 --> 00:32:32.278
 Needham in seventeen
 
 00:32:32.338 --> 00:32:33.519
 seventy seven was asked to
 
 00:32:33.558 --> 00:32:35.859
 provide fifty four blankets for the army.
 
 00:32:36.839 --> 00:32:38.340
 So that does require work.
 
 00:32:38.401 --> 00:32:40.442
 And that's work that women are doing.
 
 00:32:40.521 --> 00:32:42.583
 And it's really essential.
 
 00:32:43.042 --> 00:32:44.383
 And we don't have a big wool supply.
 
 00:32:44.403 --> 00:32:45.703
 We're not we're not sheep country.
 
 00:32:45.804 --> 00:32:45.963
 So, OK,
 
 00:32:46.824 --> 00:32:48.005
 it's kind of interesting to know
 
 00:32:48.184 --> 00:32:49.025
 what we're making the
 
 00:32:49.045 --> 00:32:51.105
 blankets out of and where
 
 00:32:51.125 --> 00:32:52.086
 we're getting the materials.
 
 00:32:52.987 --> 00:32:53.507
 Interesting.
 
 00:32:53.567 --> 00:32:54.067
 Very interesting.
 
 00:32:54.651 --> 00:32:55.632
 We're talking with Gloria
 
 00:32:55.672 --> 00:32:56.551
 Grice from the Needham
 
 00:32:56.592 --> 00:32:57.673
 History Center and Museum.
 
 00:32:57.712 --> 00:32:58.032
 I wonder,
 
 00:32:58.992 --> 00:32:59.913
 do you have any historic
 
 00:32:59.933 --> 00:33:02.394
 structures that you maintain?
 
 00:33:02.454 --> 00:33:04.536
 We live in one, yeah.
 
 00:33:04.855 --> 00:33:04.915
 OK.
 
 00:33:04.955 --> 00:33:06.196
 The Needham History Center,
 
 00:33:08.337 --> 00:33:10.019
 its first building was a
 
 00:33:10.759 --> 00:33:14.060
 house that was built in and
 
 00:33:14.080 --> 00:33:19.323
 then expanded in .
 
 00:33:17.611 --> 00:33:18.070
 In the center.
 
 00:33:18.191 --> 00:33:20.311
 The Kingsbury Whitaker House
 
 00:33:20.352 --> 00:33:22.031
 on Glen Doon Road, which is behind,
 
 00:33:22.051 --> 00:33:23.272
 if you're familiar with Needham,
 
 00:33:23.313 --> 00:33:24.472
 behind the mobile station
 
 00:33:24.492 --> 00:33:25.232
 in the center of town.
 
 00:33:26.133 --> 00:33:27.953
 But in two thousand five,
 
 00:33:28.334 --> 00:33:29.714
 we were looking to expand
 
 00:33:29.775 --> 00:33:32.174
 our program and Glen Doon Road,
 
 00:33:32.855 --> 00:33:33.695
 which is lovely,
 
 00:33:34.816 --> 00:33:37.817
 is literally a glorified driveway.
 
 00:33:38.737 --> 00:33:39.717
 It started life as the
 
 00:33:39.757 --> 00:33:41.057
 driveway to that house.
 
 00:33:41.258 --> 00:33:41.637
 Oh, wow.
 
 00:33:41.960 --> 00:33:43.320
 got paved into a road, but it was,
 
 00:33:43.401 --> 00:33:44.442
 you know,
 
 00:33:46.223 --> 00:33:50.166
 it was becoming problematic for us to,
 
 00:33:50.207 --> 00:33:50.367
 you know,
 
 00:33:50.407 --> 00:33:51.648
 we couldn't have events there
 
 00:33:51.669 --> 00:33:52.750
 because there was no parking.
 
 00:33:53.349 --> 00:33:54.250
 And if people did try and
 
 00:33:54.290 --> 00:33:55.833
 park on the street, then they just,
 
 00:33:55.893 --> 00:33:56.413
 you know,
 
 00:33:56.472 --> 00:33:58.595
 locked up all the roadway for
 
 00:33:58.615 --> 00:33:59.996
 the neighbors and it was difficult.
 
 00:34:00.036 --> 00:34:00.696
 So we're starting to look
 
 00:34:00.717 --> 00:34:02.357
 for new headquarters.
 
 00:34:02.377 --> 00:34:03.558
 In two thousand five,
 
 00:34:03.660 --> 00:34:05.240
 we were actually given a
 
 00:34:05.280 --> 00:34:06.461
 historic house in eighteen
 
 00:34:06.501 --> 00:34:07.343
 thirty four house.
 
 00:34:08.672 --> 00:34:09.974
 That a builder, it was a rescue house.
 
 00:34:10.293 --> 00:34:11.233
 A builder wanted to tear
 
 00:34:11.273 --> 00:34:13.594
 down and subdivide the property.
 
 00:34:13.635 --> 00:34:15.735
 But he said, look, I'll move the house.
 
 00:34:15.775 --> 00:34:16.434
 I'll give it to you.
 
 00:34:16.454 --> 00:34:17.456
 Okay.
 
 00:34:17.476 --> 00:34:18.376
 Get it off my hands.
 
 00:34:19.876 --> 00:34:19.976
 Wow.
 
 00:34:19.996 --> 00:34:20.655
 We're good with this.
 
 00:34:21.277 --> 00:34:22.976
 And we were also given the
 
 00:34:23.016 --> 00:34:24.978
 last remaining one room
 
 00:34:24.998 --> 00:34:26.438
 schoolhouse that had been
 
 00:34:26.478 --> 00:34:27.918
 turned into a little four
 
 00:34:27.938 --> 00:34:29.759
 room house in the eighteen seventies.
 
 00:34:30.559 --> 00:34:31.679
 And the builder wanted that
 
 00:34:31.719 --> 00:34:34.679
 site for redevelopment as well.
 
 00:34:34.780 --> 00:34:35.820
 So we were given these two
 
 00:34:35.860 --> 00:34:37.300
 buildings and we went to the town.
 
 00:34:38.293 --> 00:34:39.815
 and said, here's our proposal.
 
 00:34:41.856 --> 00:34:43.836
 We asked to lease a portion
 
 00:34:43.876 --> 00:34:44.978
 of land in front of one of
 
 00:34:44.998 --> 00:34:46.018
 the elementary schools.
 
 00:34:46.079 --> 00:34:47.079
 The Newman School has this
 
 00:34:48.199 --> 00:34:49.740
 basically one-acre plot in
 
 00:34:49.800 --> 00:34:50.621
 front of the school.
 
 00:34:50.760 --> 00:34:51.702
 When it was a middle school,
 
 00:34:51.722 --> 00:34:52.641
 that was less of an issue,
 
 00:34:52.681 --> 00:34:54.182
 but now it's an elementary school.
 
 00:34:54.242 --> 00:34:56.425
 It has ledge outcrops so the
 
 00:34:56.465 --> 00:34:57.505
 kids can't use it.
 
 00:34:59.146 --> 00:35:02.208
 You're not using this.
 
 00:35:02.228 --> 00:35:02.347
 We can.
 
 00:35:02.367 --> 00:35:03.429
 The town meeting gave us a
 
 00:35:03.469 --> 00:35:04.389
 lease and permission to
 
 00:35:04.429 --> 00:35:06.771
 move our buildings onto the site,
 
 00:35:06.791 --> 00:35:07.471
 so now we have
 
 00:35:08.481 --> 00:35:10.324
 an eighteen thirty four farmhouse,
 
 00:35:10.384 --> 00:35:11.644
 the Matthias Bell's house.
 
 00:35:11.684 --> 00:35:12.965
 That's our main structure.
 
 00:35:13.005 --> 00:35:15.467
 It's the museum space.
 
 00:35:15.487 --> 00:35:16.969
 It's the storage space.
 
 00:35:17.210 --> 00:35:19.371
 It's, you know, the office space.
 
 00:35:20.032 --> 00:35:22.114
 And then attached to that is
 
 00:35:22.173 --> 00:35:23.235
 this eighteen forty two
 
 00:35:23.275 --> 00:35:25.637
 schoolhouse that we've
 
 00:35:25.677 --> 00:35:30.561
 reconstructed for just sheer good luck.
 
 00:35:30.961 --> 00:35:33.043
 The we had the building plan.
 
 00:35:33.264 --> 00:35:35.485
 We had the instructions for the builders.
 
 00:35:35.922 --> 00:35:36.983
 for that schoolhouse.
 
 00:35:37.885 --> 00:35:38.965
 So we know the measurements
 
 00:35:38.985 --> 00:35:40.286
 and we know the layout and
 
 00:35:40.347 --> 00:35:42.150
 we reconstructed it as it
 
 00:35:42.190 --> 00:35:44.032
 was at eighteen forty two, you know,
 
 00:35:44.072 --> 00:35:46.454
 to the extent that, you know,
 
 00:35:46.534 --> 00:35:47.135
 with a few modern
 
 00:35:47.175 --> 00:35:49.838
 concessions and attached it.
 
 00:35:49.898 --> 00:35:51.141
 So we now have these two
 
 00:35:51.181 --> 00:35:52.902
 buildings side by side and
 
 00:35:52.963 --> 00:35:54.224
 the schoolhouse is
 
 00:35:55.677 --> 00:35:56.876
 You know, it's our meeting space,
 
 00:35:56.896 --> 00:35:57.898
 it's our program space,
 
 00:35:57.938 --> 00:35:58.978
 it's our rental space,
 
 00:35:58.998 --> 00:36:00.378
 but it's also our schoolhouse space.
 
 00:36:00.398 --> 00:36:01.998
 We do an eighteen-fifty
 
 00:36:02.039 --> 00:36:03.000
 school day with the third
 
 00:36:03.019 --> 00:36:03.760
 grades every year,
 
 00:36:04.719 --> 00:36:05.521
 and we set it up like a
 
 00:36:05.541 --> 00:36:06.481
 historic schoolhouse.
 
 00:36:06.501 --> 00:36:06.920
 Oh, that's great.
 
 00:36:06.940 --> 00:36:09.222
 That's great.
 
 00:36:10.061 --> 00:36:10.663
 How long have you been
 
 00:36:10.943 --> 00:36:11.963
 running the Needham History
 
 00:36:12.003 --> 00:36:12.762
 Center and Museum?
 
 00:36:12.963 --> 00:36:14.143
 Since June, two thousand and two.
 
 00:36:14.164 --> 00:36:14.764
 Okay.
 
 00:36:14.804 --> 00:36:14.884
 Wow.
 
 00:36:14.903 --> 00:36:15.164
 Okay.
 
 00:36:15.224 --> 00:36:17.244
 Very good.
 
 00:36:17.304 --> 00:36:17.425
 Well,
 
 00:36:18.045 --> 00:36:19.226
 I've heard about a lot of the
 
 00:36:19.266 --> 00:36:20.286
 exciting things you're doing.
 
 00:36:20.326 --> 00:36:21.746
 It's great to talk to you about them,
 
 00:36:21.887 --> 00:36:22.427
 and we've been
 
 00:36:23.057 --> 00:36:24.438
 talking about with Gloria
 
 00:36:24.498 --> 00:36:25.639
 Bryce from the Needham
 
 00:36:25.679 --> 00:36:26.820
 History Center and Museum
 
 00:36:26.840 --> 00:36:27.780
 about the exciting things
 
 00:36:27.820 --> 00:36:29.041
 happening there and
 
 00:36:29.860 --> 00:36:31.601
 needhamhistory.org if you
 
 00:36:31.641 --> 00:36:32.943
 want to visit or want to
 
 00:36:32.983 --> 00:36:33.902
 see what they're up to.
 
 00:36:34.003 --> 00:36:36.144
 And this Saturday, April nineteenth,
 
 00:36:36.164 --> 00:36:37.184
 they'll be walking the
 
 00:36:37.204 --> 00:36:38.826
 twelve point six miles from
 
 00:36:38.885 --> 00:36:40.146
 Needham to Arlington as the
 
 00:36:40.206 --> 00:36:41.567
 Needham militia did back in
 
 00:36:42.086 --> 00:36:42.967
 on April nineteenth of
 
 00:36:43.027 --> 00:36:43.987
 seventeen seventy five.
 
 00:36:44.007 --> 00:36:45.309
 So thank you so much for joining us,
 
 00:36:45.329 --> 00:36:45.588
 Gloria.
 
 00:36:45.608 --> 00:36:45.809
 Thank you.
 
 00:36:45.849 --> 00:36:47.070
 My pleasure.
 
 00:36:48.213 --> 00:36:49.755
 And I want to thank Jonathan Lane,
 
 00:36:49.795 --> 00:36:51.317
 our man behind the curtain,
 
 00:36:51.717 --> 00:36:53.099
 as well as our listeners
 
 00:36:53.199 --> 00:36:54.719
 who are tuning in regularly.
 
 00:36:54.739 --> 00:36:55.340
 And if you're in one of
 
 00:36:55.360 --> 00:36:56.382
 these places that I'm going
 
 00:36:56.402 --> 00:36:58.043
 to mention and want some of our swag,
 
 00:36:58.083 --> 00:36:59.244
 send Jonathan an email,
 
 00:36:59.264 --> 00:37:01.365
 chaylane at revolution two fifty dot org.
 
 00:37:02.047 --> 00:37:02.586
 And if you're not,
 
 00:37:02.706 --> 00:37:03.688
 send him an email anyway.
 
 00:37:03.708 --> 00:37:04.929
 He loves hearing from folks
 
 00:37:05.190 --> 00:37:06.170
 and he'll be busy this
 
 00:37:06.210 --> 00:37:07.452
 weekend with all of the
 
 00:37:07.492 --> 00:37:08.652
 various reenactments.
 
 00:37:08.713 --> 00:37:09.733
 But this week,
 
 00:37:09.793 --> 00:37:10.954
 I want to thank our listeners.
 
 00:37:11.494 --> 00:37:13.275
 in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts,
 
 00:37:13.315 --> 00:37:15.597
 in Franklin, Ohio, Tampa, Florida,
 
 00:37:16.137 --> 00:37:18.717
 Liverpool, Sacramento, Montreal,
 
 00:37:18.898 --> 00:37:20.739
 and Centennial, Colorado.
 
 00:37:21.159 --> 00:37:23.360
 A town named, actually, in, uh, in, uh, in,
 
 00:37:23.440 --> 00:37:24.521
 uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in,
 
 00:37:24.561 --> 00:37:25.681
 uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in,
 
 00:37:25.702 --> 00:37:27.262
 uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in,
 
 00:37:27.342 --> 00:37:29.543
 uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in,
 
 00:37:29.563 --> 00:37:31.324
 uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in,
 
 00:37:31.403 --> 00:37:32.985
 uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh, in,
 
 00:37:33.005 --> 00:37:34.166
 uh, in, uh, in, uh, in, uh,