{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":0.0,"endTime":10.56,"body":"Hi, I'm Matt"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":0.0,"endTime":10.56,"body":"Kirkner, and it is a another"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":10.56,"endTime":14.1,"body":"episode of The TechEd Podcast."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":10.56,"endTime":14.1,"body":"How many times have we talked"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":14.1,"endTime":18.66,"body":"about the fact that growing up,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":14.1,"endTime":18.66,"body":"I had all of those challenges in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":18.66,"endTime":21.74,"body":"traditional education? I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":18.66,"endTime":21.74,"body":"couldn't sit still. I couldn't"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":21.74,"endTime":25.52,"body":"pay attention. I had such a hard"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":21.74,"endTime":25.52,"body":"time sitting through lectures,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":25.52,"endTime":29.6,"body":"watching the clock tick by,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":25.52,"endTime":29.6,"body":"sitting in the classroom, I was"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":29.6,"endTime":33.44,"body":"the poster child for a horrible"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":29.6,"endTime":33.44,"body":"attention span. Well, guess"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":33.44,"endTime":36.02,"body":"what? That was years and years,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":33.44,"endTime":36.02,"body":"decades ago, as a matter of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":36.02,"endTime":39.32,"body":"fact, and the attention span"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":36.02,"endTime":39.32,"body":"here in the United States of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":39.32,"endTime":42.7,"body":"America and around the globe is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":39.32,"endTime":42.7,"body":"not getting any better. We are"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":42.7,"endTime":45.22,"body":"going to talk all about that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":42.7,"endTime":45.22,"body":"with today's guest, not just"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":45.22,"endTime":49.06,"body":"what's happening to our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":45.22,"endTime":49.06,"body":"attention span, but why it's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":49.06,"endTime":51.76,"body":"happening, and what are some of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":49.06,"endTime":51.76,"body":"those strategies that we can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":51.76,"endTime":54.76,"body":"use, both individually and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":51.76,"endTime":54.76,"body":"perhaps even more importantly,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":54.94,"endTime":57.82,"body":"with our students and learners,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":54.94,"endTime":57.82,"body":"in terms of managing the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":57.82,"endTime":61.8,"body":"shrinking attention span here in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":57.82,"endTime":61.8,"body":"the United States and around the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":61.8,"endTime":64.44,"body":"globe. It's such a pleasure to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":61.8,"endTime":64.44,"body":"introduce to our audience. Our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":64.44,"endTime":68.34,"body":"guest for this episode is Dr"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":64.44,"endTime":68.34,"body":"Gloria mark, the Chancellor's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":68.34,"endTime":72.78,"body":"professor emerita of Informatics"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":68.34,"endTime":72.78,"body":"at the University of California,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":72.84,"endTime":75.9,"body":"Irvine, and author of and we"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":72.84,"endTime":75.9,"body":"found this book online,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":75.9,"endTime":78.06,"body":"actually, and it's really,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":75.9,"endTime":78.06,"body":"really good stuff. In fact, I've"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":78.06,"endTime":81.26,"body":"got it right here. The book is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":78.06,"endTime":81.26,"body":"called attention span a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":81.26,"endTime":84.14,"body":"groundbreaking way to restore"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":81.26,"endTime":84.14,"body":"balance happiness and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":84.14,"endTime":86.3,"body":"productivity. And it's a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":84.14,"endTime":86.3,"body":"pleasure to welcome to the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":86.3,"endTime":89.96,"body":"podcast that book's author, Dr"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":86.3,"endTime":89.96,"body":"Gloria. Mark Gloria, thank you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":89.96,"endTime":93.74,"body":"so much for coming on. Well,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":89.96,"endTime":93.74,"body":"thank you for having me. Your"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":93.74,"endTime":97.4,"body":"research absolutely, absolutely"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":93.74,"endTime":97.4,"body":"fascinates me, and for the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":97.4,"endTime":99.92,"body":"reasons that I mentioned in the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":97.4,"endTime":99.92,"body":"intro, I've struggled with the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":99.92,"endTime":103.0,"body":"short attention span my whole"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":99.92,"endTime":103.0,"body":"life. I can also tell you that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":103.0,"endTime":105.52,"body":"in some ways, and as much as it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":103.0,"endTime":105.52,"body":"was a bane while I was going"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":105.52,"endTime":108.22,"body":"through traditional education,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":105.52,"endTime":108.22,"body":"in some cases, it can be a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":108.22,"endTime":110.5,"body":"blessing in this day and age as"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":108.22,"endTime":110.5,"body":"well. So I know we're going to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":110.5,"endTime":112.96,"body":"talk about that balance, but"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":110.5,"endTime":112.96,"body":"let's start with this. You've"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":112.96,"endTime":116.08,"body":"been at this for a long time."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":112.96,"endTime":116.08,"body":"Your research goes back several"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":116.08,"endTime":119.68,"body":"decades, looking at how people"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":116.08,"endTime":119.68,"body":"specifically interact with"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":119.68,"endTime":122.46,"body":"digital devices. So what have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":119.68,"endTime":122.46,"body":"you found to be some of that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":122.46,"endTime":126.0,"body":"most surprising findings in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":122.46,"endTime":126.0,"body":"terms of that research that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":126.0,"endTime":129.18,"body":"you've done over the course of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":126.0,"endTime":129.18,"body":"two decades and more? Well, I'm"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":129.18,"endTime":129.42,"body":"not"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":129.419,"endTime":132.419,"body":"sure I would call"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":129.419,"endTime":132.419,"body":"this surprising, but I would say"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":132.419,"endTime":136.139,"body":"it reinforced my intuition of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":132.419,"endTime":136.139,"body":"what's going on with our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":136.259,"endTime":142.339,"body":"attention spans. So I found over"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":136.259,"endTime":142.339,"body":"a 20 year period that people's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":142.339,"endTime":147.799,"body":"attention spans were shrinking,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":142.339,"endTime":147.799,"body":"and we we started measuring"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":147.799,"endTime":155.179,"body":"attention spans empirically, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":147.799,"endTime":155.179,"body":"we started back in 2004 and we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":155.239,"endTime":160.159,"body":"found people's attention on a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":155.239,"endTime":160.159,"body":"screen, on any screen before"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":160.159,"endTime":164.559,"body":"switching, is about two and a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":160.159,"endTime":164.559,"body":"half minutes, okay? And then"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":164.559,"endTime":169.059,"body":"over this 20 year period, we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":164.559,"endTime":169.059,"body":"found attention spans gradually"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":169.059,"endTime":176.499,"body":"getting shorter. In 2012 we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":169.059,"endTime":176.499,"body":"found them to be 75 seconds on"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":176.499,"endTime":180.719,"body":"average. And then from the years"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":176.499,"endTime":180.719,"body":"starting from the years around"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":180.779,"endTime":189.539,"body":"2016 averaging 47 seconds. Wow,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":180.779,"endTime":189.539,"body":"so that that was, I guess it's a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":189.539,"endTime":194.099,"body":"surprise, because when you see"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":189.539,"endTime":194.099,"body":"the actual data, it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":194.099,"endTime":198.239,"body":"surprising. You might expect"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":194.099,"endTime":198.239,"body":"that the study would contradict"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":198.239,"endTime":202.099,"body":"your intuitions, but this time,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":198.239,"endTime":202.099,"body":"it was actually shorter than I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":202.099,"endTime":202.999,"body":"even expected."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":203.06,"endTime":204.98,"body":"Well, and think"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":203.06,"endTime":204.98,"body":"about over that period of time."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":204.98,"endTime":208.34,"body":"I mean, you go from 2004 which"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":204.98,"endTime":208.34,"body":"is just over 20 years ago, where"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":208.64,"endTime":211.22,"body":"if I, if I heard you correctly,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":208.64,"endTime":211.22,"body":"two and a half minutes was our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":211.22,"endTime":213.8,"body":"attention span, where we could"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":211.22,"endTime":213.8,"body":"pay attention to a screen before"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":213.8,"endTime":217.7,"body":"having to flip over or move over"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":213.8,"endTime":217.7,"body":"to whatever the next thing we"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":217.7,"endTime":221.32,"body":"were looking at was at least on"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":217.7,"endTime":221.32,"body":"average. And now just 20 years"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":221.32,"endTime":223.9,"body":"later, that has been, I mean, it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":221.32,"endTime":223.9,"body":"was cut in half and almost cut"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":223.9,"endTime":227.26,"body":"in half again. What's incredible"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":223.9,"endTime":227.26,"body":"to me is not just the fact that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":227.26,"endTime":230.44,"body":"that's happened, but the short"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":227.26,"endTime":230.44,"body":"period of time over which that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":230.44,"endTime":234.16,"body":"has happened. Now I can tell you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":230.44,"endTime":234.16,"body":"as somebody who, as I mentioned"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":234.16,"endTime":237.04,"body":"again in the intro, I was the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":234.16,"endTime":237.04,"body":"kid in school that was always"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":237.04,"endTime":239.86,"body":"like, why can't you pay"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":237.04,"endTime":239.86,"body":"attention? Why can't you sit"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":239.86,"endTime":243.78,"body":"still? So I've dealt with this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":239.86,"endTime":243.78,"body":"attention span issue my entire"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":243.78,"endTime":246.48,"body":"life, and I can tell you, at"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":243.78,"endTime":246.48,"body":"least going through traditional"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":246.48,"endTime":249.24,"body":"education, maybe it's changed a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":246.48,"endTime":249.24,"body":"little bit, but, but you were"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":249.24,"endTime":251.46,"body":"made to feel like there was"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":249.24,"endTime":251.46,"body":"something wrong with you that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":251.46,"endTime":254.04,"body":"you couldn't pay attention for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":251.46,"endTime":254.04,"body":"longer than whatever that period"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":254.04,"endTime":256.62,"body":"of time was, and that and that,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":254.04,"endTime":256.62,"body":"you know, you needed to do this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":256.62,"endTime":259.8,"body":"work on your on your own"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":256.62,"endTime":259.8,"body":"personal self and improve your"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":259.8,"endTime":262.88,"body":"attention span. I almost felt"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":259.8,"endTime":262.88,"body":"like a failure in some ways, for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":262.88,"endTime":265.34,"body":"not being able to have the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":262.88,"endTime":265.34,"body":"attention span that maybe some"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":265.34,"endTime":268.22,"body":"of the other students did."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":265.34,"endTime":268.22,"body":"Should we think about it that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":268.22,"endTime":271.16,"body":"way? I mean, is it a personal"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":268.22,"endTime":271.16,"body":"failure, or is there a way of,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":271.16,"endTime":273.14,"body":"kind of thinking about that a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":271.16,"endTime":273.14,"body":"little bit"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":273.62,"endTime":276.74,"body":"differently? It's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":273.62,"endTime":276.74,"body":"not a personal failure. So first"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":276.74,"endTime":280.04,"body":"of all, there are individual"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":276.74,"endTime":280.04,"body":"differences, right? I'm a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":280.1,"endTime":284.44,"body":"psychologist, and psychology is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":280.1,"endTime":284.44,"body":"based on the idea that people"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":284.44,"endTime":288.7,"body":"have individual differences."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":284.44,"endTime":288.7,"body":"Some people have very good self"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":288.7,"endTime":293.14,"body":"regulation with their attention."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":288.7,"endTime":293.14,"body":"Some people have very poor self"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":293.14,"endTime":297.76,"body":"regulation, but it should not"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":293.14,"endTime":297.76,"body":"reflect on you as an individual,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":298.06,"endTime":302.76,"body":"right? These are traits that."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":298.06,"endTime":302.76,"body":"That we're born with, and if a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":302.76,"endTime":306.12,"body":"person has poor self regulation,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":302.76,"endTime":306.12,"body":"it doesn't mean they can't do"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":306.36,"endTime":311.7,"body":"anything about it. And there are"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":306.36,"endTime":311.7,"body":"also things in the environment"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":312.0,"endTime":316.68,"body":"that lead us to have short"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":312.0,"endTime":316.68,"body":"attention spans, and so we can"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":316.68,"endTime":320.78,"body":"do things about changing our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":316.68,"endTime":320.78,"body":"environment. So please, if you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":320.78,"endTime":326.24,"body":"know anyone out there feels like"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":320.78,"endTime":326.24,"body":"they're a failure or feels that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":326.24,"endTime":330.68,"body":"they can't perform well because"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":326.24,"endTime":330.68,"body":"of short attention spans, please"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":330.68,"endTime":335.54,"body":"understand that there are things"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":330.68,"endTime":335.54,"body":"you can do to focus better, and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":335.54,"endTime":337.28,"body":"I know we're"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":335.54,"endTime":337.28,"body":"going to get into a number of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":337.28,"endTime":339.44,"body":"those things over the course of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":337.28,"endTime":339.44,"body":"this episode of The TechEd"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":339.44,"endTime":341.98,"body":"Podcast. Really looking forward"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":339.44,"endTime":341.98,"body":"to that, not just for our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":341.98,"endTime":345.28,"body":"audience, but quite honestly,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":341.98,"endTime":345.28,"body":"Gloria for me personally as"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":345.28,"endTime":347.74,"body":"well. Now you mentioned some"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":345.28,"endTime":347.74,"body":"things in our environment that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":347.74,"endTime":350.8,"body":"have an impact on our attention"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":347.74,"endTime":350.8,"body":"spans. What are some examples"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":350.8,"endTime":351.28,"body":"that you can"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":351.76,"endTime":355.18,"body":"share? Well, for"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":351.76,"endTime":355.18,"body":"one thing, it's technology. So"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":355.24,"endTime":358.3,"body":"as you pointed out, I've been"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":355.24,"endTime":358.3,"body":"studying technology for a very"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":358.3,"endTime":364.02,"body":"long time. So people develop"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":358.3,"endTime":364.02,"body":"habits, and a lot of these"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":364.02,"endTime":368.04,"body":"habits are just automatic. So"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":364.02,"endTime":368.04,"body":"there's different kinds of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":368.04,"endTime":372.9,"body":"attention. There's conscious"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":368.04,"endTime":372.9,"body":"attention when we're really you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":372.9,"endTime":377.34,"body":"know, it's called controlled"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":372.9,"endTime":377.34,"body":"processing, which means we are"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":377.34,"endTime":383.72,"body":"in control of our attention."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":377.34,"endTime":383.72,"body":"There's also a lot of times when"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":383.72,"endTime":387.68,"body":"we do things automatically. We"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":383.72,"endTime":387.68,"body":"do what's called automatic"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":387.68,"endTime":392.48,"body":"processing. So what do we do"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":387.68,"endTime":392.48,"body":"automatically? We see our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":392.48,"endTime":397.04,"body":"smartphone lying next to us on"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":392.48,"endTime":397.04,"body":"the table. We pick it up and we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":397.1,"endTime":402.94,"body":"swipe it open without thinking,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":397.1,"endTime":402.94,"body":"or we see a notification on our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":402.94,"endTime":406.9,"body":"computer screen, a news"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":402.94,"endTime":406.9,"body":"notification, social media"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":406.9,"endTime":412.6,"body":"notification, we click on it"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":406.9,"endTime":412.6,"body":"without even thinking. And so"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":412.66,"endTime":416.68,"body":"these are examples of how"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":412.66,"endTime":416.68,"body":"there's so many things we do"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":416.86,"endTime":422.04,"body":"automatically. We're just not"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":416.86,"endTime":422.04,"body":"conscious of it. And these are"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":422.04,"endTime":426.84,"body":"habits. They become deeply"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":422.04,"endTime":426.84,"body":"ingrained habits in us that make"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":426.84,"endTime":430.5,"body":"us hard to have longer periods"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":426.84,"endTime":430.5,"body":"of focus. You"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":430.5,"endTime":432.84,"body":"know, you think"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":430.5,"endTime":432.84,"body":"back to even like the studies"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":432.84,"endTime":435.54,"body":"related to Pavlov's dog and a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":432.84,"endTime":435.54,"body":"bell going off and this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":435.54,"endTime":438.9,"body":"automatic response, and I see,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":435.54,"endTime":438.9,"body":"you know, one of my things in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":438.9,"endTime":442.04,"body":"meetings these days, and our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":438.9,"endTime":442.04,"body":"teams and our ed tech companies"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":442.04,"endTime":446.9,"body":"will tell you that that I am"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":442.04,"endTime":446.9,"body":"almost dictatorial in terms of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":446.9,"endTime":449.78,"body":"like, when we're in a meeting"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":446.9,"endTime":449.78,"body":"together, virtual or in person,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":450.2,"endTime":452.84,"body":"this is not the time to be"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":450.2,"endTime":452.84,"body":"checking email, not the time to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":452.84,"endTime":455.6,"body":"be looking at text, not the time"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":452.84,"endTime":455.6,"body":"to be, you know, whatever's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":455.6,"endTime":458.24,"body":"alerting you on your phone. And"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":455.6,"endTime":458.24,"body":"we'll our rule is, actually,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":458.24,"endTime":460.78,"body":"we'll stop the meeting for you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":458.24,"endTime":460.78,"body":"if you've got something that's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":460.78,"endTime":463.06,"body":"so important that can't wait"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":460.78,"endTime":463.06,"body":"until the end of the meeting"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":463.24,"endTime":465.76,"body":"that you have to look at or you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":463.24,"endTime":465.76,"body":"have to respond to, and we mean"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":465.76,"endTime":468.52,"body":"it honestly, then we'll stop the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":465.76,"endTime":468.52,"body":"meeting for you. Really, really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":468.52,"endTime":471.04,"body":"important to me, to make sure"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":468.52,"endTime":471.04,"body":"people are locked in, and you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":471.04,"endTime":474.28,"body":"can just tell the tension that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":471.04,"endTime":474.28,"body":"puts in people that are used to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":474.28,"endTime":476.62,"body":"every time the phone vibrates"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":474.28,"endTime":476.62,"body":"and they're looking at what that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":476.62,"endTime":480.42,"body":"text is, or what have you that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":476.62,"endTime":480.42,"body":"response to, whether it's the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":480.42,"endTime":483.48,"body":"bell that goes off on the phone,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":480.42,"endTime":483.48,"body":"the vibration on the table, and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":483.48,"endTime":486.36,"body":"it really almost is like"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":483.48,"endTime":486.36,"body":"automatic and subconscious. It's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":486.36,"endTime":490.98,"body":"fascinating to watch, at least."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":486.36,"endTime":490.98,"body":"That's my, my non psychology"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":490.98,"endTime":494.46,"body":"description of it. And I, I'll"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":490.98,"endTime":494.46,"body":"admit that I was for a while,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":494.46,"endTime":498.48,"body":"probably still, I'm a little bit"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":494.46,"endTime":498.48,"body":"addicted to tick tock. Love tick"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":498.48,"endTime":501.14,"body":"tock. I actually, I've kind of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":498.48,"endTime":501.14,"body":"gravitated, for a variety of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":501.14,"endTime":503.96,"body":"reasons, over to YouTube shorts,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":501.14,"endTime":503.96,"body":"which works exactly the same"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":503.96,"endTime":506.66,"body":"way. But are those types of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":503.96,"endTime":506.66,"body":"things like where we're"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":506.66,"endTime":509.42,"body":"literally we have complete"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":506.66,"endTime":509.42,"body":"control over the content that's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":509.42,"endTime":511.94,"body":"being delivered to us. I can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":509.42,"endTime":511.94,"body":"watch something for five or 10"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":511.94,"endTime":514.28,"body":"seconds, and if it's not"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":511.94,"endTime":514.28,"body":"interesting, I can flip to the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":514.28,"endTime":516.38,"body":"next thing. Is that contributing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":514.28,"endTime":516.38,"body":"as well? Do you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":516.38,"endTime":520.18,"body":"think? Oh,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":516.38,"endTime":520.18,"body":"absolutely. So let's, let's take"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":520.18,"endTime":524.8,"body":"the example of Tiktok. Sure,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":520.18,"endTime":524.8,"body":"Tiktok has a recommender"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":524.86,"endTime":529.24,"body":"algorithm, and it learns very"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":524.86,"endTime":529.24,"body":"quickly what kind of Tiktok"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":529.24,"endTime":534.52,"body":"videos you like, and then it"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":529.24,"endTime":534.52,"body":"very quickly sends you other"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":534.52,"endTime":538.0,"body":"videos that it believes you will"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":534.52,"endTime":538.0,"body":"like. And so that helps us,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":538.12,"endTime":543.0,"body":"helps keep us glued to the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":538.12,"endTime":543.0,"body":"platform, and it's really hard"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":543.0,"endTime":546.72,"body":"to break away when you know that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":543.0,"endTime":546.72,"body":"there's a video coming up that's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":546.72,"endTime":552.36,"body":"going to be hilarious, right?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":546.72,"endTime":552.36,"body":"And so that actually creates a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":552.36,"endTime":556.86,"body":"form of conditioning that's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":552.36,"endTime":556.86,"body":"randomly reinforced, which means"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":557.22,"endTime":561.26,"body":"we don't get a hilarious Tiktok"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":557.22,"endTime":561.26,"body":"every single time, but it comes"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":561.26,"endTime":566.6,"body":"up randomly, and that's enough"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":561.26,"endTime":566.6,"body":"to keep us glued to the site."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":566.72,"endTime":570.86,"body":"It's like a slot machine in Las"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":566.72,"endTime":570.86,"body":"Vegas. You know, every single"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":570.86,"endTime":573.86,"body":"time you pull the lever, you're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":570.86,"endTime":573.86,"body":"you're not going to get a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":573.86,"endTime":578.66,"body":"reward, but every so often it"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":573.86,"endTime":578.66,"body":"will happen, and that keeps you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":578.66,"endTime":581.68,"body":"glued, keeps you doing it. So"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":578.66,"endTime":581.68,"body":"that's what helps keep us"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":582.1,"endTime":587.62,"body":"addicted to these sites. Now, if"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":582.1,"endTime":587.62,"body":"a person has really good self"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":587.62,"endTime":593.8,"body":"regulation, and they can be on"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":587.62,"endTime":593.8,"body":"social media for five minutes"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":594.04,"endTime":599.92,"body":"max, and be able to pull away,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":594.04,"endTime":599.92,"body":"that's okay. The problem is not."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":600.0,"endTime":604.14,"body":"Going on that site, the problem"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":600.0,"endTime":604.14,"body":"is not being able to pull out"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":604.14,"endTime":608.58,"body":"when we have more important"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":604.14,"endTime":608.58,"body":"things to do. And if a person"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":608.58,"endTime":613.14,"body":"feels that there's someone with"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":608.58,"endTime":613.14,"body":"poor self regulation, and I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":613.14,"endTime":614.34,"body":"don't mean you, I just"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":614.34,"endTime":616.44,"body":"mean anyone, he"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":614.34,"endTime":616.44,"body":"could mean me, because I think"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":616.44,"endTime":619.08,"body":"I'm a good example, we continue."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":616.44,"endTime":619.08,"body":"But I mean"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":619.08,"endTime":622.34,"body":"there's so many"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":619.08,"endTime":622.34,"body":"people who who don't have good"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":622.7,"endTime":626.66,"body":"self regulation and and there's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":622.7,"endTime":626.66,"body":"nothing wrong with them, then"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":626.66,"endTime":632.06,"body":"they have to come up with"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":626.66,"endTime":632.06,"body":"strategies. So, for example,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":632.54,"endTime":636.8,"body":"sometimes if I just have a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":632.54,"endTime":636.8,"body":"string of meetings, and I just"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":636.8,"endTime":641.2,"body":"want to, you know, think of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":636.8,"endTime":641.2,"body":"something else before my next"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":641.2,"endTime":646.42,"body":"meeting, I might pull out a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":641.2,"endTime":646.42,"body":"simple game, knowing that in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":646.42,"endTime":650.38,"body":"five minutes I have to stop"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":646.42,"endTime":650.38,"body":"because I've got my next meeting"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":650.38,"endTime":655.6,"body":"coming up, and that's like a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":650.38,"endTime":655.6,"body":"kind of a hook that will pull me"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":655.78,"endTime":661.92,"body":"out of being Lost in this"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":655.78,"endTime":661.92,"body":"mindless game. My self"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":661.92,"endTime":666.36,"body":"regulation isn't so bad, mainly"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":661.92,"endTime":666.36,"body":"because I study this and I've"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":666.48,"endTime":670.68,"body":"become, you know, I've seen"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":666.48,"endTime":670.68,"body":"people having troubles paying"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":670.68,"endTime":678.18,"body":"attention, so I try to learn"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":670.68,"endTime":678.18,"body":"these lessons. So again, nothing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":678.18,"endTime":684.68,"body":"wrong with social media or"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":678.18,"endTime":684.68,"body":"mindless games in moderation."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":684.74,"endTime":689.66,"body":"Moderation meaning a few"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":684.74,"endTime":689.66,"body":"minutes, right? But there are so"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":689.66,"endTime":693.92,"body":"many other things that are much"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":689.66,"endTime":693.92,"body":"better to help clear our minds,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":693.98,"endTime":699.62,"body":"like getting up, moving around,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":693.98,"endTime":699.62,"body":"walking outside, and these will"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":700.04,"endTime":702.88,"body":"cure our distraction, much, much"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":700.04,"endTime":702.88,"body":"better,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":703.06,"endTime":704.98,"body":"some really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":703.06,"endTime":704.98,"body":"fascinating insights just in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":704.98,"endTime":708.46,"body":"that last answer in response"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":704.98,"endTime":708.46,"body":"Gloria. And so we need to pull"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":708.46,"endTime":710.98,"body":"some of that apart. We started"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":708.46,"endTime":710.98,"body":"with kind of the discussion"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":710.98,"endTime":716.02,"body":"about how a platform like, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":710.98,"endTime":716.02,"body":"know, like Tiktok, will use AI"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":716.02,"endTime":719.44,"body":"to basically continue to serve"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":716.02,"endTime":719.44,"body":"up and get you hooked on the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":719.44,"endTime":723.36,"body":"content in and in knowing, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":719.44,"endTime":723.36,"body":"know, even subconsciously or"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":723.36,"endTime":726.24,"body":"consciously, that whatever it is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":723.36,"endTime":726.24,"body":"that you're in, whether it's you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":726.24,"endTime":728.94,"body":"know, and I see, you know, I get"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":726.24,"endTime":728.94,"body":"politic, political videos. You"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":728.94,"endTime":732.0,"body":"might get videos about preparing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":728.94,"endTime":732.0,"body":"food. I get a lot of those. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":732.0,"endTime":734.82,"body":"get a lot of the I get a lot of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":732.0,"endTime":734.82,"body":"videos about dogs, for whatever"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":734.82,"endTime":737.34,"body":"reason. The reason is probably"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":734.82,"endTime":737.34,"body":"because I like dogs, and I I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":737.34,"endTime":740.16,"body":"tend to hang on those, on those"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":737.34,"endTime":740.16,"body":"tick tocks a little bit longer"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":740.16,"endTime":742.4,"body":"than others, and and the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":740.16,"endTime":742.4,"body":"algorithm knows that, so it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":742.4,"endTime":746.48,"body":"gives me more and more of what I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":742.4,"endTime":746.48,"body":"what I want. It feels like, and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":746.48,"endTime":748.88,"body":"I've got a number of questions"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":746.48,"endTime":748.88,"body":"that came out of what you just"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":748.88,"endTime":751.94,"body":"talked about. But for one, it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":748.88,"endTime":751.94,"body":"feels like, you know, AI is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":751.94,"endTime":754.34,"body":"still, it's really in its"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":751.94,"endTime":754.34,"body":"infancy, right? We're still in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":754.34,"endTime":756.8,"body":"the nascent artificial"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":754.34,"endTime":756.8,"body":"intelligence guy, you know, God"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":756.8,"endTime":759.98,"body":"only knows what's coming. It"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":756.8,"endTime":759.98,"body":"kind of sent, I kind of sense"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":759.98,"endTime":763.0,"body":"that this problem, if we call"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":759.98,"endTime":763.0,"body":"it, a problem of short attention"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":763.0,"endTime":766.3,"body":"spans, is probably on its way to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":763.0,"endTime":766.3,"body":"getting worse, not better. Is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":766.3,"endTime":767.02,"body":"that fair to say?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":767.56,"endTime":771.16,"body":"It very well could"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":767.56,"endTime":771.16,"body":"be and without actually doing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":771.16,"endTime":775.36,"body":"measurements, we don't know"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":771.16,"endTime":775.36,"body":"where it's heading, although I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":775.36,"endTime":779.26,"body":"will say that we seem to have"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":775.36,"endTime":779.26,"body":"reached a steady state for a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":779.26,"endTime":783.54,"body":"period of about five, six years"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":779.26,"endTime":783.54,"body":"of this average of about 47"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":783.9,"endTime":788.64,"body":"seconds. And the AI was still"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":783.9,"endTime":788.64,"body":"going on at the time, there was"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":788.64,"endTime":792.06,"body":"still there were algorithms sure"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":788.64,"endTime":792.06,"body":"which are very, very"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":792.06,"endTime":796.2,"body":"sophisticated that can help,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":792.06,"endTime":796.2,"body":"that can profile us and send us"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":796.44,"endTime":800.54,"body":"material that the algorithm"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":796.44,"endTime":800.54,"body":"believes that we would be"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":800.96,"endTime":805.82,"body":"interested in. So it's hard to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":800.96,"endTime":805.82,"body":"say in response, if our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":805.82,"endTime":810.2,"body":"attention spans will get worse,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":805.82,"endTime":810.2,"body":"right? Maybe we're already at"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":810.2,"endTime":815.84,"body":"the lowest point that they can"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":810.2,"endTime":815.84,"body":"be. So we just need to continue"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":815.84,"endTime":816.68,"body":"measuring it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":817.1,"endTime":819.98,"body":"and continuing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":817.1,"endTime":819.98,"body":"measuring it in this 47 second"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":819.98,"endTime":822.52,"body":"number, if I recall, from the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":819.98,"endTime":822.52,"body":"book and I and we'll make sure"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":822.52,"endTime":825.76,"body":"and link, you know, connections"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":822.52,"endTime":825.76,"body":"to the book in Amazon and so on,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":825.76,"endTime":828.64,"body":"in the in the show notes, so our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":825.76,"endTime":828.64,"body":"reader, or so our readers, our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":828.64,"endTime":831.34,"body":"audience, can get their hands on"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":828.64,"endTime":831.34,"body":"it, because it really is worth"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":831.34,"endTime":833.56,"body":"reading. One of the things that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":831.34,"endTime":833.56,"body":"I thought was interesting is,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":833.62,"endTime":836.74,"body":"yeah, the average is 47 seconds."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":833.62,"endTime":836.74,"body":"But if we think about some of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":836.74,"endTime":840.24,"body":"our Mean, Median mode learning"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":836.74,"endTime":840.24,"body":"that we did when I was paying"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":840.24,"endTime":842.52,"body":"attention in high school, which"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":840.24,"endTime":842.52,"body":"wasn't all the time, or maybe"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":842.64,"endTime":846.0,"body":"being college, the the median is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":842.64,"endTime":846.0,"body":"even less, right, isn't it? Like"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":846.0,"endTime":849.36,"body":"40 seconds? So like, you know,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":846.0,"endTime":849.36,"body":"while the average is 47 half of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":849.36,"endTime":852.3,"body":"us have a have an attention"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":849.36,"endTime":852.3,"body":"span. I get, I guarantee you,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":852.3,"endTime":854.94,"body":"I'm in the in the half that's in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":852.3,"endTime":854.94,"body":"the less than four, somewhere"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":854.94,"endTime":858.12,"body":"less than 40 seconds or 40"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":854.94,"endTime":858.12,"body":"seconds and less. And in fact, I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":858.12,"endTime":860.84,"body":"I've used that as an example,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":858.12,"endTime":860.84,"body":"and I have to, thank you. By the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":860.84,"endTime":863.96,"body":"way, I do a ton of keynoting and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":860.84,"endTime":863.96,"body":"speaking as our audience knows a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":864.08,"endTime":867.14,"body":"wide variety of topics, but many"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":864.08,"endTime":867.14,"body":"of them related to stem and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":867.14,"endTime":870.74,"body":"TechEd and artificial"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":867.14,"endTime":870.74,"body":"intelligence. And I'll go into a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":870.74,"endTime":874.04,"body":"presentation or a speech for a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":870.74,"endTime":874.04,"body":"45 minute speech with 120"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":875.0,"endTime":878.6,"body":"slides, and every single time"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":875.0,"endTime":878.6,"body":"the organizer who's loading"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":878.6,"endTime":881.14,"body":"those slides up in the computer"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":878.6,"endTime":881.14,"body":"is like, you know, they get"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":881.14,"endTime":883.42,"body":"worried, right? They're like,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":881.14,"endTime":883.42,"body":"you realize you only have 45"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":883.6,"endTime":887.38,"body":"minutes, right? And my answer is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":883.6,"endTime":887.38,"body":"always yes. But now I've got,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":887.44,"endTime":890.2,"body":"you know, research that proves"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":887.44,"endTime":890.2,"body":"that my audience attention span,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":890.2,"endTime":892.96,"body":"at least half of them, is going"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":890.2,"endTime":892.96,"body":"to be 40 seconds or less. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":892.96,"endTime":895.66,"body":"better go through every single"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":892.96,"endTime":895.66,"body":"one of those slides and have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":895.66,"endTime":898.42,"body":"something changing every 30 or"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":895.66,"endTime":898.42,"body":"40 seconds to make sure that I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":898.42,"endTime":900.72,"body":"hang out of the audience. So I,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":898.42,"endTime":900.72,"body":"I think. Thank you for that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":900.72,"endTime":905.28,"body":"research. And I want to talk now"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":900.72,"endTime":905.28,"body":"you talk about the you know, No,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":905.28,"endTime":907.44,"body":"there isn't something wrong with"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":905.28,"endTime":907.44,"body":"you if you have a shorter"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":907.44,"endTime":910.2,"body":"attention span. Yes, we all know"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":907.44,"endTime":910.2,"body":"everybody's attention span is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":910.2,"endTime":914.64,"body":"getting shorter that there are"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":910.2,"endTime":914.64,"body":"some tools. The first thing, I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":914.64,"endTime":918.0,"body":"think, in a message for our"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":914.64,"endTime":918.0,"body":"teachers and for our students"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":918.0,"endTime":920.9,"body":"is, look, don't feel guilty. And"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":918.0,"endTime":920.9,"body":"don't make a student feel guilty"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":920.9,"endTime":923.24,"body":"because of the short attention"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":920.9,"endTime":923.24,"body":"span. There are some benefits."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":923.24,"endTime":926.36,"body":"We'll talk about that, but also"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":923.24,"endTime":926.36,"body":"some strategies you talk about,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":926.6,"endTime":928.94,"body":"you know, maybe doing some"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":926.6,"endTime":928.94,"body":"getting involved, whether it's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":928.94,"endTime":931.4,"body":"social media or a mindless game"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":928.94,"endTime":931.4,"body":"that you're playing. And I do"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":931.4,"endTime":933.8,"body":"both, you know, five minutes"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":931.4,"endTime":933.8,"body":"before a meeting, so you have an"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":933.8,"endTime":936.98,"body":"automatic cut off. My biggest"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":933.8,"endTime":936.98,"body":"challenge, if I'm on social"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":936.98,"endTime":939.68,"body":"media, is getting on. I'm"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":936.98,"endTime":939.68,"body":"usually go to bed pretty early,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":939.68,"endTime":942.62,"body":"getting on 1520, minutes before"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":939.68,"endTime":942.62,"body":"bed, and then all of a sudden,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":942.62,"endTime":944.2,"body":"I'm, you know, sudden, I'm, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":942.62,"endTime":944.2,"body":"know, a half hour past my"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":944.2,"endTime":946.48,"body":"bedtime, because a half hour"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":944.2,"endTime":946.48,"body":"went away because I kept seeing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":946.48,"endTime":948.7,"body":"this content that I wanted to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":946.48,"endTime":948.7,"body":"see. What are there other"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":948.7,"endTime":951.76,"body":"strategies that we should be"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":948.7,"endTime":951.76,"body":"thinking about in terms of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":951.76,"endTime":955.48,"body":"making sure that we're we're"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":951.76,"endTime":955.48,"body":"limiting or being disciplined"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":955.48,"endTime":956.62,"body":"about our attention spans?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":957.04,"endTime":959.8,"body":"Yeah. So first of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":957.04,"endTime":959.8,"body":"all, you've mentioned you're on"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":959.8,"endTime":964.2,"body":"social media 15 minutes before"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":959.8,"endTime":964.2,"body":"you go to bed, not always, but"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":964.2,"endTime":968.28,"body":"often not all right? Well, many"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":964.2,"endTime":968.28,"body":"people are like you. The blue"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":968.28,"endTime":973.02,"body":"light when we're on our devices"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":968.28,"endTime":973.02,"body":"can interfere with sleep, and so"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":973.08,"endTime":978.6,"body":"it's really important to go off"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":973.08,"endTime":978.6,"body":"a screen one to two hours before"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":978.6,"endTime":986.12,"body":"bedtime. So one of the reasons"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":978.6,"endTime":986.12,"body":"why people, children, adults,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":986.12,"endTime":990.5,"body":"have trouble paying attention is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":986.12,"endTime":990.5,"body":"because their cognitive"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":990.5,"endTime":997.1,"body":"resources are depleted. So"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":990.5,"endTime":997.1,"body":"everybody has a limited amount"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":997.1,"endTime":1001.2,"body":"of cognitive resources, and you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":997.1,"endTime":1001.2,"body":"can think of that as attentional"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1001.2,"endTime":1005.64,"body":"capacity. And if you have a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1001.2,"endTime":1005.64,"body":"really good night's sleep, you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1005.64,"endTime":1011.22,"body":"start your day with a full tank"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1005.64,"endTime":1011.22,"body":"of attentional capacity. Now, if"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1011.22,"endTime":1014.28,"body":"you're not getting good sleep,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1011.22,"endTime":1014.28,"body":"right, if the blue light is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1014.28,"endTime":1019.08,"body":"interfering with sleep, or I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1014.28,"endTime":1019.08,"body":"know many people, and I've been"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1019.08,"endTime":1023.36,"body":"an educator for many, many"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1019.08,"endTime":1023.36,"body":"years, and I know that students"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1023.36,"endTime":1027.68,"body":"tend to go to sleep late and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1023.36,"endTime":1027.68,"body":"then they're they have to get up"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1027.68,"endTime":1032.18,"body":"early to go to classes. Not"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1027.68,"endTime":1032.18,"body":"getting enough sleep makes it"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1032.42,"endTime":1037.4,"body":"really hard to pay attention our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1032.42,"endTime":1037.4,"body":"cognitive resources. We're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1037.4,"endTime":1042.34,"body":"starting off the day at a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1037.4,"endTime":1042.34,"body":"disadvantage, with less"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1042.46,"endTime":1048.46,"body":"resources than we need to get"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1042.46,"endTime":1048.46,"body":"through the day. So probably one"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1048.46,"endTime":1052.0,"body":"of the most important things is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1048.46,"endTime":1052.0,"body":"to get a good night's sleep."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1052.42,"endTime":1053.98,"body":"Just occurs to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1052.42,"endTime":1053.98,"body":"me, as you're saying, that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1053.98,"endTime":1057.16,"body":"Gloria, it almost becomes a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1053.98,"endTime":1057.16,"body":"flywheel effect, right? Is that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1057.16,"endTime":1060.66,"body":"what I'm hearing that if I don't"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1057.16,"endTime":1060.66,"body":"get good sleep, I don't have a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1060.66,"endTime":1063.84,"body":"great attention span, and if my"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1060.66,"endTime":1063.84,"body":"attention span is waning, I may"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1063.84,"endTime":1066.66,"body":"be doing things that prevent me"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1063.84,"endTime":1066.66,"body":"from getting good sleep. And it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1066.66,"endTime":1069.18,"body":"just, you know, you just create"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1066.66,"endTime":1069.18,"body":"this flywheel effect. Was, is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1069.18,"endTime":1072.06,"body":"kind of a, you know, it just an"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1069.18,"endTime":1072.06,"body":"interesting observation. The"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1072.06,"endTime":1074.46,"body":"other thing I'll mention on the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1072.06,"endTime":1074.46,"body":"sleep front, really quickly, I'm"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1074.64,"endTime":1076.92,"body":"a strong non believer in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1074.64,"endTime":1076.92,"body":"coincidence, that when you know"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1076.92,"endTime":1079.56,"body":"coincidences happen and there's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1076.92,"endTime":1079.56,"body":"something trying to tell me"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1079.56,"endTime":1082.28,"body":"something, I'm reading a book"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1079.56,"endTime":1082.28,"body":"right now called out live by Dr"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1082.28,"endTime":1084.86,"body":"Peter Attia that's been a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1082.28,"endTime":1084.86,"body":"pretty, pretty widely read book"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1084.86,"endTime":1088.7,"body":"on on how we increase our health"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1084.86,"endTime":1088.7,"body":"span over time. And he points to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1088.7,"endTime":1091.4,"body":"four things that are important"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1088.7,"endTime":1091.4,"body":"for creating for increasing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1091.4,"endTime":1094.76,"body":"health span, one of which is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1091.4,"endTime":1094.76,"body":"sleep. And his argument is that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1094.76,"endTime":1097.76,"body":"that has been really an"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1094.76,"endTime":1097.76,"body":"underappreciated side of both"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1097.76,"endTime":1099.56,"body":"our physical and mental health"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1097.76,"endTime":1099.56,"body":"for years."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1099.62,"endTime":1103.72,"body":"I'm really glad you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1099.62,"endTime":1103.72,"body":"brought that up. We did research"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1104.14,"endTime":1108.28,"body":"on what's called sleep debt, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1104.14,"endTime":1108.28,"body":"we did this with college"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1108.28,"endTime":1115.78,"body":"students. So sleep debt refers"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1108.28,"endTime":1115.78,"body":"to the idea that our we get less"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1115.78,"endTime":1120.48,"body":"sleep over a period of time. So"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1115.78,"endTime":1120.48,"body":"if a person needs eight hours of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1120.48,"endTime":1124.5,"body":"sleep each night, and they're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1120.48,"endTime":1124.5,"body":"only getting six hours, then"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1124.68,"endTime":1129.84,"body":"they're accumulating debt, sleep"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1124.68,"endTime":1129.84,"body":"debt. And then, if you have you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1129.84,"endTime":1134.34,"body":"know, ideally, when you're in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1129.84,"endTime":1134.34,"body":"debt for two hours, you should"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1134.34,"endTime":1138.42,"body":"make up that time and sleep"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1134.34,"endTime":1138.42,"body":"longer. But that's not typically"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1138.42,"endTime":1142.16,"body":"what happens. What what happens"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1138.42,"endTime":1142.16,"body":"with students, and what we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1142.22,"endTime":1148.46,"body":"measure in our studies is that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1142.22,"endTime":1148.46,"body":"the sleep debt accumulates over"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1148.46,"endTime":1152.12,"body":"the period of the week. And so"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1148.46,"endTime":1152.12,"body":"if you're consistently two hours"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1152.12,"endTime":1155.72,"body":"less of sleep than what you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1152.12,"endTime":1155.72,"body":"need, you're ending your week"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1155.78,"endTime":1159.44,"body":"with a lot of sleep debt. And"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1155.78,"endTime":1159.44,"body":"what do people typically do?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1159.56,"endTime":1163.42,"body":"They try to sleep on weekends to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1159.56,"endTime":1163.42,"body":"make up for it, and it just"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1163.48,"endTime":1169.54,"body":"upsets our sleep balance, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1163.48,"endTime":1169.54,"body":"what we find is a very strong"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1169.66,"endTime":1174.22,"body":"relationship between the amount"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1169.66,"endTime":1174.22,"body":"of sleep debt and the inability"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1174.28,"endTime":1178.84,"body":"to pay attention the next day."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1174.28,"endTime":1178.84,"body":"And what happens as sleep debt"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1178.9,"endTime":1183.72,"body":"rises the ability to pay"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1178.9,"endTime":1183.72,"body":"attention gets worse over the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1183.72,"endTime":1185.52,"body":"stories of the week. And it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1183.72,"endTime":1185.52,"body":"not just the length"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1185.52,"endTime":1187.32,"body":"of sleep true if"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1185.52,"endTime":1187.32,"body":"I if I'm correct, right, it's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1187.32,"endTime":1189.84,"body":"also the quality of that sleep."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1187.32,"endTime":1189.84,"body":"To your point earlier about blue"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1189.84,"endTime":1192.06,"body":"light and how much REM sleep"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1189.84,"endTime":1192.06,"body":"we're getting, and how much deep"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1192.06,"endTime":1194.28,"body":"sleep we're getting versus how"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1192.06,"endTime":1194.28,"body":"much light sleep we're getting,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1194.28,"endTime":1196.92,"body":"which is something I've been"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1194.28,"endTime":1196.92,"body":"actually studying in myself for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1196.92,"endTime":1199.5,"body":"the last six months, and found"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1196.92,"endTime":1199.5,"body":"fascinating. And you start to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1199.5,"endTime":1202.7,"body":"make kind. Actions to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1199.5,"endTime":1202.7,"body":"activities, especially the last"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1202.7,"endTime":1205.94,"body":"four or five, six hours of the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1202.7,"endTime":1205.94,"body":"day, and the sleep score I get"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1205.94,"endTime":1208.76,"body":"from the the smart watch that I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1205.94,"endTime":1208.76,"body":"wear. And it's just absolutely"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1208.76,"endTime":1211.64,"body":"fascinating. So it's quality and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1208.76,"endTime":1211.64,"body":"quantity both. Am I right about"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1211.64,"endTime":1211.82,"body":"that?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1212.36,"endTime":1214.7,"body":"That's That's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1212.36,"endTime":1214.7,"body":"right, and I love what you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1214.7,"endTime":1219.08,"body":"brought out about not believing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1214.7,"endTime":1219.08,"body":"in coincidences, and I also"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1219.08,"endTime":1225.52,"body":"don't believe in coincidences"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1219.08,"endTime":1225.52,"body":"and stress can also affect our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1225.88,"endTime":1231.22,"body":"our sleep, but stress can also"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1225.88,"endTime":1231.22,"body":"affect our attention. So there's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1231.22,"endTime":1236.26,"body":"there's a lot that's packed into"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1231.22,"endTime":1236.26,"body":"this idea of not getting enough"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1236.26,"endTime":1240.66,"body":"sleep, our cognitive resources"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1236.26,"endTime":1240.66,"body":"not being at their optimal"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1240.66,"endTime":1247.26,"body":"amount stress really plays a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1240.66,"endTime":1247.26,"body":"strong role, and so people need"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1247.26,"endTime":1252.6,"body":"to learn to take care of their"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1247.26,"endTime":1252.6,"body":"stress, because we also see in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1252.6,"endTime":1258.12,"body":"our studies a relationship"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1252.6,"endTime":1258.12,"body":"between higher stress and worse"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1258.36,"endTime":1260.04,"body":"ability to pay attention."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1260.16,"endTime":1261.86,"body":"Well, there's so"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1260.16,"endTime":1261.86,"body":"much research around that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1261.86,"endTime":1264.8,"body":"especially one of the things I'm"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1261.86,"endTime":1264.8,"body":"particularly fascinated in is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1264.8,"endTime":1269.06,"body":"how we kind of raise the floor."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1264.8,"endTime":1269.06,"body":"We say it for K 12 students who"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1269.06,"endTime":1271.76,"body":"may not have the same kind of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1269.06,"endTime":1271.76,"body":"opportunities that I did and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1271.76,"endTime":1274.04,"body":"going through my education"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1271.76,"endTime":1274.04,"body":"pathway. I mean, there's whole"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1274.22,"endTime":1277.1,"body":"communities of students,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1274.22,"endTime":1277.1,"body":"regrettably, that really have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1277.1,"endTime":1279.56,"body":"challenges outside of the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1277.1,"endTime":1279.56,"body":"classroom that they bring to the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1279.56,"endTime":1281.86,"body":"classroom, one of which is any"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1279.56,"endTime":1281.86,"body":"trauma or stress that's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1281.86,"endTime":1286.06,"body":"happening outside they bring to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1281.86,"endTime":1286.06,"body":"the classroom is just one way of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1286.06,"endTime":1288.46,"body":"influencing attention span. What"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1286.06,"endTime":1288.46,"body":"are the other things that are"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1288.46,"endTime":1291.88,"body":"going on in the classroom around"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1288.46,"endTime":1291.88,"body":"attention span, whether it's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1291.88,"endTime":1294.64,"body":"something that's happening in a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1291.88,"endTime":1294.64,"body":"student's life outside the hours"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1294.64,"endTime":1297.64,"body":"of school or something that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1294.64,"endTime":1297.64,"body":"takes place in the education"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1297.64,"endTime":1299.98,"body":"journey while the student is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1297.64,"endTime":1299.98,"body":"actually at school."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1299.98,"endTime":1302.94,"body":"Let me first of all"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1299.98,"endTime":1302.94,"body":"talk about the audios thing, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1302.94,"endTime":1310.2,"body":"that's smartphones. So I did a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1302.94,"endTime":1310.2,"body":"study with a researcher. We Shin"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1310.2,"endTime":1315.12,"body":"Lee, who's a professor in South"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1310.2,"endTime":1315.12,"body":"Korea, and what we did was we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1315.18,"endTime":1319.26,"body":"tracked students use of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1315.18,"endTime":1319.26,"body":"smartphones throughout the day,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1320.04,"endTime":1324.02,"body":"and we use sensors so we could"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1320.04,"endTime":1324.02,"body":"see exactly when they were using"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1324.08,"endTime":1327.98,"body":"their smartphones. We could look"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1324.08,"endTime":1327.98,"body":"at their locations. I mean, we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1327.98,"endTime":1331.46,"body":"we got quite a bit of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1327.98,"endTime":1331.46,"body":"information about the students,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1331.46,"endTime":1336.02,"body":"and we found that for those"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1331.46,"endTime":1336.02,"body":"students who use smartphones in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1336.08,"endTime":1341.14,"body":"the classroom, they spent about"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1336.08,"endTime":1341.14,"body":"30% of the time on their phones."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1341.2,"endTime":1346.3,"body":"Wow. And it's not just a long"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1341.2,"endTime":1346.3,"body":"break, but it's a lot of smaller"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1346.36,"endTime":1350.32,"body":"interruptions, and so they're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1346.36,"endTime":1350.32,"body":"not getting they're not hearing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1350.38,"endTime":1353.74,"body":"the lecture, they're not paying"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1350.38,"endTime":1353.74,"body":"attention to the lecture. And"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1353.74,"endTime":1357.76,"body":"when I talked about the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1353.74,"endTime":1357.76,"body":"automatic attention, a lot of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1357.76,"endTime":1362.34,"body":"that practice is just purely"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1357.76,"endTime":1362.34,"body":"automatic picking up the phone."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1362.58,"endTime":1366.36,"body":"You might be the slightest bit"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1362.58,"endTime":1366.36,"body":"bored, so you reach for the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1366.42,"endTime":1371.1,"body":"phone and pick it up. We also"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1366.42,"endTime":1371.1,"body":"find this correlation between"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1371.1,"endTime":1374.04,"body":"those students who use the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1371.1,"endTime":1374.04,"body":"smartphones most in the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1374.04,"endTime":1378.24,"body":"classroom and also who spent the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1374.04,"endTime":1378.24,"body":"most time on smartphones"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1378.24,"endTime":1383.48,"body":"throughout the day, with lower"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1378.24,"endTime":1383.48,"body":"grades. So it really has an"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1383.48,"endTime":1388.88,"body":"impact. So that's, that's one of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1383.48,"endTime":1388.88,"body":"the main things, you know, of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1388.88,"endTime":1394.88,"body":"course, from having taught for"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1388.88,"endTime":1394.88,"body":"many years, I know that I also"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1394.88,"endTime":1398.42,"body":"have to put in some work to make"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1394.88,"endTime":1398.42,"body":"the lecture interesting, sure."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1398.66,"endTime":1402.52,"body":"And I find that making it"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1398.66,"endTime":1402.52,"body":"interactive, you know, really"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1402.52,"endTime":1406.06,"body":"bringing students into the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1402.52,"endTime":1406.06,"body":"discussion and making the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1406.06,"endTime":1410.56,"body":"material relate to their own"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1406.06,"endTime":1410.56,"body":"lives, like making it current."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1410.62,"endTime":1415.9,"body":"And you know, something that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1410.62,"endTime":1415.9,"body":"they understand right, that it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1415.9,"endTime":1422.34,"body":"not abstract, but trying to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1415.9,"endTime":1422.34,"body":"bring theory into something that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1422.34,"endTime":1427.38,"body":"people can relate to, especially"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1422.34,"endTime":1427.38,"body":"on a personal level, that helps"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1427.38,"endTime":1428.4,"body":"with attention."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1428.7,"endTime":1430.92,"body":"Yeah, it really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1428.7,"endTime":1430.92,"body":"puts a whole different set of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1430.92,"endTime":1434.04,"body":"pressures on educators in this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1430.92,"endTime":1434.04,"body":"day and age, in terms of, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1434.04,"endTime":1437.76,"body":"know, how they present content."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1434.04,"endTime":1437.76,"body":"I spend a lot of time thinking"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1437.76,"endTime":1440.78,"body":"and speaking about this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1437.76,"endTime":1440.78,"body":"particular topic, because I'm a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1440.78,"endTime":1443.84,"body":"believer that in a lot of ways,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1440.78,"endTime":1443.84,"body":"we're going to disrupt the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1443.84,"endTime":1447.14,"body":"historical way of delivering"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1443.84,"endTime":1447.14,"body":"education. And, you know, we've"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1447.14,"endTime":1450.08,"body":"got a model for education now"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1447.14,"endTime":1450.08,"body":"that has been, you know, really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1450.08,"endTime":1453.2,"body":"predicated on, you could argue"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1450.08,"endTime":1453.2,"body":"it goes back 400 years, or maybe"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1453.2,"endTime":1456.44,"body":"even 4000 years, one person with"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1453.2,"endTime":1456.44,"body":"a tremendous amount of wisdom"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1456.44,"endTime":1458.9,"body":"and knowledge imparting that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1456.44,"endTime":1458.9,"body":"wisdom and knowledge to a group"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1458.9,"endTime":1462.52,"body":"of students through a lecture or"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1458.9,"endTime":1462.52,"body":"presentation or or mentoring, or"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1462.52,"endTime":1467.02,"body":"what have you. And certainly,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1462.52,"endTime":1467.02,"body":"you know, in the even 50 years"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1467.02,"endTime":1469.84,"body":"ago, with students that have the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1467.02,"endTime":1469.84,"body":"ability to go to a, you know, go"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1469.84,"endTime":1473.26,"body":"to a video, go to a smartphone,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1469.84,"endTime":1473.26,"body":"learn in their mode of learning,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1473.26,"endTime":1475.9,"body":"whether that was e learning or a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1473.26,"endTime":1475.9,"body":"video presentation, they can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1475.9,"endTime":1478.9,"body":"stop and start again, or going"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1475.9,"endTime":1478.9,"body":"into a classroom. I've got, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1478.9,"endTime":1481.98,"body":"know, one of one of my children,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1478.9,"endTime":1481.98,"body":"is just an incredible classroom"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1481.98,"endTime":1484.62,"body":"learner. She can just go in and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1481.98,"endTime":1484.62,"body":"sit through a lecture and, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1484.62,"endTime":1487.56,"body":"know, everything sticks. And I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1484.62,"endTime":1487.56,"body":"was never, ever like that. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1487.56,"endTime":1489.54,"body":"don't know where she got that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1487.56,"endTime":1489.54,"body":"from, but it certainly,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1489.72,"endTime":1492.0,"body":"certainly wasn't for me. And"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1489.72,"endTime":1492.0,"body":"then you see other children"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1492.0,"endTime":1494.22,"body":"that, you know were like I was,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1492.0,"endTime":1494.22,"body":"where it's just impossible to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1494.22,"endTime":1496.68,"body":"learn in a lecture. I think the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1494.22,"endTime":1496.68,"body":"beauty of technology, in a lot"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1496.68,"endTime":1499.14,"body":"of ways, is that we're going to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1496.68,"endTime":1499.14,"body":"have a lot of different ways of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1499.14,"endTime":1502.16,"body":"delivering learning. Learning. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1499.14,"endTime":1502.16,"body":"talk about the idea that in the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1502.16,"endTime":1505.4,"body":"past, we would go to school to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1502.16,"endTime":1505.4,"body":"learn and we would go home to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1505.4,"endTime":1508.22,"body":"practice. So you go to school to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1505.4,"endTime":1508.22,"body":"listen to your lecture and then"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1508.22,"endTime":1510.98,"body":"you go home to write your, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1508.22,"endTime":1510.98,"body":"know, write your papers and do"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1510.98,"endTime":1514.58,"body":"your exams and do your studying"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1510.98,"endTime":1514.58,"body":"and review your notes. And that,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1514.58,"endTime":1516.62,"body":"you know, in the future, we're"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1514.58,"endTime":1516.62,"body":"going to morph to an age where"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1516.62,"endTime":1519.32,"body":"there's a lot more balance"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1516.62,"endTime":1519.32,"body":"between. We'll go to school, I'm"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1519.32,"endTime":1521.92,"body":"sorry. We'll stay home, in some"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1519.32,"endTime":1521.92,"body":"cases, to learn. I can learn. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1521.92,"endTime":1524.8,"body":"can sit through a lecture"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1521.92,"endTime":1524.8,"body":"anywhere, depending on how I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1524.8,"endTime":1527.68,"body":"learn best, and then I go to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1524.8,"endTime":1527.68,"body":"school to practice, which really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1527.68,"endTime":1530.74,"body":"starts to put pressure on"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1527.68,"endTime":1530.74,"body":"educators for how we make that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1531.22,"endTime":1535.42,"body":"time at whether it's a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1531.22,"endTime":1535.42,"body":"university classroom or lab, a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1535.42,"endTime":1537.46,"body":"technical college, a high"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1535.42,"endTime":1537.46,"body":"school, what have you? How do we"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1537.46,"endTime":1540.48,"body":"make that more interactive? How"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1537.46,"endTime":1540.48,"body":"do we challenge the students"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1540.48,"endTime":1543.48,"body":"thinking and so on. All kinds of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1540.48,"endTime":1543.48,"body":"really cool things happening in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1543.48,"endTime":1546.06,"body":"the in the world of education, a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1543.48,"endTime":1546.06,"body":"long way of kind of teeing up"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1546.06,"endTime":1548.82,"body":"the next question that I had for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1546.06,"endTime":1548.82,"body":"you, Gloria, which is, you know,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1548.82,"endTime":1551.7,"body":"if I'm a STEM teacher, if I'm a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1548.82,"endTime":1551.7,"body":"TechEd teacher, if I'm teaching"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1551.7,"endTime":1554.76,"body":"science at the university level,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1551.7,"endTime":1554.76,"body":"or maybe even other other"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1554.76,"endTime":1558.48,"body":"disciplines, what is all this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1554.76,"endTime":1558.48,"body":"work that you've done studying"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1558.48,"endTime":1561.32,"body":"our attention span? How does it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1558.48,"endTime":1561.32,"body":"influence and inform how we"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1561.32,"endTime":1563.84,"body":"should create experiences for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1561.32,"endTime":1563.84,"body":"students when they're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1564.2,"endTime":1567.5,"body":"at school. So let"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1564.2,"endTime":1567.5,"body":"me start by talking about a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1567.5,"endTime":1572.12,"body":"trend that I'm seeing, and the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1567.5,"endTime":1572.12,"body":"trend is that we're seeing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1573.26,"endTime":1578.24,"body":"change in school curricula to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1573.26,"endTime":1578.24,"body":"cater to students shorter"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1578.24,"endTime":1584.5,"body":"attention spans. So what, what"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1578.24,"endTime":1584.5,"body":"I've been seeing is that, for"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1584.5,"endTime":1589.48,"body":"example, rather than assigning"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1584.5,"endTime":1589.48,"body":"books, there's seems to be a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1589.48,"endTime":1595.0,"body":"trend to assign passages to read"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1589.48,"endTime":1595.0,"body":"so short, shorter forms of the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1595.0,"endTime":1601.32,"body":"material. I have also been"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1595.0,"endTime":1601.32,"body":"looking at trends where lecture"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1601.56,"endTime":1604.98,"body":"materials, and that this is,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1601.56,"endTime":1604.98,"body":"this is not a bad thing. But"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1604.98,"endTime":1609.84,"body":"instead of, you know, a 50"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1604.98,"endTime":1609.84,"body":"minute lecture, it's broken down"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1609.84,"endTime":1614.82,"body":"into chunks, okay, so very short"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1609.84,"endTime":1614.82,"body":"chunks of material followed by"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1615.12,"endTime":1621.32,"body":"maybe students doing something"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1615.12,"endTime":1621.32,"body":"interactive, but especially when"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1621.32,"endTime":1626.96,"body":"it comes to assigning passages,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1621.32,"endTime":1626.96,"body":"as opposed to entire books, what"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1626.96,"endTime":1631.34,"body":"that's doing is reinforcing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1626.96,"endTime":1631.34,"body":"students short attention spans."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1631.34,"endTime":1636.02,"body":"It's not getting them to develop"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1631.34,"endTime":1636.02,"body":"a muscle to be able to read long"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1636.02,"endTime":1641.38,"body":"form content to pay attention."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1636.02,"endTime":1641.38,"body":"Right? When I was in school, we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1641.38,"endTime":1644.8,"body":"had to read books, totally"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1641.38,"endTime":1644.8,"body":"right? And when, when I was"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1644.8,"endTime":1649.24,"body":"growing up, we we had to read"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1644.8,"endTime":1649.24,"body":"books. But if you look at"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1649.42,"endTime":1655.96,"body":"surveys, you'll see that kids"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1649.42,"endTime":1655.96,"body":"and and teenagers are reading"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1655.96,"endTime":1658.96,"body":"fewer books. It's not"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1655.96,"endTime":1658.96,"body":"surprising, but interesting."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1659.32,"endTime":1664.5,"body":"It's yeah, and so I think that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1659.32,"endTime":1664.5,"body":"we need to be thinking about"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1664.5,"endTime":1670.68,"body":"retraining students minds and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1664.5,"endTime":1670.68,"body":"changing their mindsets so that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1670.8,"endTime":1676.44,"body":"they can begin to appreciate"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1670.8,"endTime":1676.44,"body":"long form material. If I assign"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1676.44,"endTime":1680.3,"body":"a book, students are groaning,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1676.44,"endTime":1680.3,"body":"oh my gosh, we have to read a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1680.3,"endTime":1686.66,"body":"book, yeah, but think of it as a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1680.3,"endTime":1686.66,"body":"way to retrain the mind, to get"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1686.66,"endTime":1692.06,"body":"the mind used to reflection,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1686.66,"endTime":1692.06,"body":"deliberation, going into depth,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1692.42,"endTime":1693.86,"body":"into material"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1694.16,"endTime":1695.96,"body":"that's really,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1694.16,"endTime":1695.96,"body":"really interesting to me. I, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1695.96,"endTime":1698.96,"body":"know, I think about like"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1695.96,"endTime":1698.96,"body":"Huckleberry Finn. I forget how"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1698.96,"endTime":1700.9,"body":"old I was when I read"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1698.96,"endTime":1700.9,"body":"Huckleberry Finn. It was. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1700.9,"endTime":1703.78,"body":"mean, it's still remember all"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1700.9,"endTime":1703.78,"body":"the stories, and still remember"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1703.78,"endTime":1706.78,"body":"all the lessons of that book."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1703.78,"endTime":1706.78,"body":"Yeah, I think the other one was,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1706.78,"endTime":1709.3,"body":"like, the good earth by Pearl S"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1706.78,"endTime":1709.3,"body":"buck about, you know, about,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1709.3,"endTime":1712.06,"body":"like, China, you know, years"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1709.3,"endTime":1712.06,"body":"ago. It's just a fascinating and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1712.06,"endTime":1716.26,"body":"I had a teacher, by the way, in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1712.06,"endTime":1716.26,"body":"high school who just delivered"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1716.26,"endTime":1719.44,"body":"that learning in a way that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1716.26,"endTime":1719.44,"body":"stuck with you, right? And it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1719.44,"endTime":1721.8,"body":"wasn't it some, you know, in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1719.44,"endTime":1721.8,"body":"some cases, like reading"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1721.8,"endTime":1724.74,"body":"technical material that got a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1721.8,"endTime":1724.74,"body":"little bit grueling. Reading a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1724.74,"endTime":1727.38,"body":"history textbook, you know, a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1724.74,"endTime":1727.38,"body":"little bit more difficult for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1727.38,"endTime":1730.14,"body":"me, but getting deep into a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1727.38,"endTime":1730.14,"body":"novel and understanding the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1730.14,"endTime":1732.9,"body":"characters and reading the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1730.14,"endTime":1732.9,"body":"story, and the part I, frankly,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1732.9,"endTime":1735.48,"body":"always struggled with was, what"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1732.9,"endTime":1735.48,"body":"are the lessons I always needed"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1735.48,"endTime":1738.36,"body":"my teacher to help me understand"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1735.48,"endTime":1738.36,"body":"what, what was the story under"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1738.36,"endTime":1741.02,"body":"the story that I wasn't picking"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1738.36,"endTime":1741.02,"body":"up on? You know that you read a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1741.02,"endTime":1744.92,"body":"book about animal like Animal"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1741.02,"endTime":1744.92,"body":"Farm and, and you think that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1744.92,"endTime":1747.44,"body":"book is just about a bunch of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1744.92,"endTime":1747.44,"body":"animals and how they kind of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1747.44,"endTime":1749.78,"body":"govern themselves, and it's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1747.44,"endTime":1749.78,"body":"really, you know, in some cases,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1750.08,"endTime":1752.6,"body":"a greater story about, you know,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1750.08,"endTime":1752.6,"body":"something like communism or"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1752.6,"endTime":1756.68,"body":"socialism and, and, and just"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1752.6,"endTime":1756.68,"body":"those kind of lessons that we"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1756.68,"endTime":1759.5,"body":"learn from that long form"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1756.68,"endTime":1759.5,"body":"reading that I think you're"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1759.5,"endTime":1762.28,"body":"right. I mean, if you're not if"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1759.5,"endTime":1762.28,"body":"you're not getting deep into the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1762.28,"endTime":1765.7,"body":"content that way, you're really,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1762.28,"endTime":1765.7,"body":"you know, a you're not training"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1765.7,"endTime":1768.22,"body":"your mind to be able to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1765.7,"endTime":1768.22,"body":"concentrate, and that was never"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1768.22,"endTime":1770.74,"body":"my forte, as I've said several"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1768.22,"endTime":1770.74,"body":"times. But you're also not"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1770.74,"endTime":1773.56,"body":"gleaning all that material and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1770.74,"endTime":1773.56,"body":"getting the huge benefit you can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1773.74,"endTime":1776.68,"body":"from from reading that kind of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1773.74,"endTime":1776.68,"body":"content. So if I'm hearing you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1776.68,"endTime":1779.44,"body":"right, is is it a combination?"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1776.68,"endTime":1779.44,"body":"Do we need to do both? Do we? Do"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1779.5,"endTime":1782.34,"body":"we a need to meet students where"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1779.5,"endTime":1782.34,"body":"they are and recognize that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1782.46,"endTime":1784.56,"body":"they're going to have to get"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1782.46,"endTime":1784.56,"body":"some smaller and shorter"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1784.56,"endTime":1788.52,"body":"snippets of learning along with"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1784.56,"endTime":1788.52,"body":"some more experiential learning,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1788.94,"endTime":1792.24,"body":"and we have to get them into the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1788.94,"endTime":1792.24,"body":"long form understanding the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1792.24,"endTime":1794.7,"body":"discipline of reading a, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1792.24,"endTime":1794.7,"body":"know, a two or 300 page book,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1794.7,"endTime":1796.98,"body":"and the benefits that is it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1794.7,"endTime":1796.98,"body":"both, or is it an or"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1798.24,"endTime":1803.66,"body":"I am a. More in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1798.24,"endTime":1803.66,"body":"favor of it being an or but to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1803.66,"endTime":1807.08,"body":"get to the point where where"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1803.66,"endTime":1807.08,"body":"students can appreciate long"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1807.08,"endTime":1813.44,"body":"form content, we probably have"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1807.08,"endTime":1813.44,"body":"to start to where they are now,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1813.56,"endTime":1818.06,"body":"sure, but what we should not be"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1813.56,"endTime":1818.06,"body":"reinforcing shorter attention"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1818.06,"endTime":1824.02,"body":"spans. For example, book"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1818.06,"endTime":1824.02,"body":"summaries. There are plenty of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1824.02,"endTime":1828.04,"body":"companies, and there's just a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1824.02,"endTime":1828.04,"body":"huge readership for book"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1828.04,"endTime":1832.3,"body":"summaries, which are 15 minutes."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1828.04,"endTime":1832.3,"body":"And this, this includes science"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1832.3,"endTime":1833.5,"body":"books as well,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1833.56,"endTime":1835.96,"body":"move way beyond"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1833.56,"endTime":1835.96,"body":"Cliffs Notes from 40 years ago,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1835.96,"endTime":1836.92,"body":"right? Yeah."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1837.34,"endTime":1840.9,"body":"And, you know, I've"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1837.34,"endTime":1840.9,"body":"talked to so many students who"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1840.9,"endTime":1845.1,"body":"say, Oh yes, I I read the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1840.9,"endTime":1845.1,"body":"summary of this book. You know"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1845.1,"endTime":1850.8,"body":"the 15 minute summary, right?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1845.1,"endTime":1850.8,"body":"Yeah, that's only reinforcing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1850.8,"endTime":1856.02,"body":"students to continue to have"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1850.8,"endTime":1856.02,"body":"short attention spans, and it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1856.02,"endTime":1861.32,"body":"not teaching them how they can"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1856.02,"endTime":1861.32,"body":"deliberate over the material,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1861.32,"endTime":1864.68,"body":"how they can think more deeply."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1861.32,"endTime":1864.68,"body":"You know, there's this"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1864.74,"endTime":1869.96,"body":"psychological idea that's called"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1864.74,"endTime":1869.96,"body":"depth of processing, and what"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1869.96,"endTime":1876.2,"body":"that refers to is that if you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1869.96,"endTime":1876.2,"body":"can actively participate in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1876.2,"endTime":1879.2,"body":"material, which means you're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1876.2,"endTime":1879.2,"body":"you're not just reading it"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1879.26,"endTime":1884.62,"body":"passively, but you're being"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1879.26,"endTime":1884.62,"body":"active in consuming it. For"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1884.62,"endTime":1887.62,"body":"example, you're taking notes,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1884.62,"endTime":1887.62,"body":"you're asking questions. You're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1887.62,"endTime":1891.88,"body":"asking your own questions, not"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1887.62,"endTime":1891.88,"body":"questions that the teacher"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1891.88,"endTime":1896.8,"body":"assigned. You're going to retain"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1891.88,"endTime":1896.8,"body":"that material better, and you're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1896.8,"endTime":1901.44,"body":"going to be able to take that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1896.8,"endTime":1901.44,"body":"material and integrate it into"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1901.44,"endTime":1905.88,"body":"your current store of knowledge"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1901.44,"endTime":1905.88,"body":"and expand your own knowledge,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1906.18,"endTime":1910.5,"body":"right? But we can't do depth of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1906.18,"endTime":1910.5,"body":"processing if we're getting"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1910.74,"endTime":1916.62,"body":"material in small chunks and in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1910.74,"endTime":1916.62,"body":"summaries. But students have to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1916.62,"endTime":1921.08,"body":"really and it will be a struggle"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1916.62,"endTime":1921.08,"body":"if they're used to having short"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1921.08,"endTime":1924.5,"body":"attention spans, right? It's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1921.08,"endTime":1924.5,"body":"going to be a struggle at first,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1924.92,"endTime":1929.06,"body":"but it's also about changing a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1924.92,"endTime":1929.06,"body":"mindset to begin to appreciate"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1929.72,"endTime":1933.98,"body":"longer material. And it could be"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1929.72,"endTime":1933.98,"body":"scientific books absolutely"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1933.98,"endTime":1936.14,"body":"doesn't, yeah, for sure, doesn't"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":1933.98,"endTime":1936.14,"body":"have to be fiction"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1936.2,"endTime":1937.82,"body":"well, and yeah,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1936.2,"endTime":1937.82,"body":"in a lot of cases, meeting the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1937.82,"endTime":1940.6,"body":"student, where they are, which I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1937.82,"endTime":1940.6,"body":"think is one of the benefits of,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1940.6,"endTime":1942.82,"body":"you know, education in the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1940.6,"endTime":1942.82,"body":"future is that we can find"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1942.82,"endTime":1945.28,"body":"different, you know, everybody's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1942.82,"endTime":1945.28,"body":"got different modalities of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1945.28,"endTime":1947.32,"body":"learning and different"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1945.28,"endTime":1947.32,"body":"interests. And if you can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1947.32,"endTime":1949.66,"body":"combine the two of those in a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1947.32,"endTime":1949.66,"body":"way that delivers the learning"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1949.66,"endTime":1952.18,"body":"outcomes in a way that's,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1949.66,"endTime":1952.18,"body":"that's, you know, relatable to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1952.18,"endTime":1955.84,"body":"the student, you probably have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1952.18,"endTime":1955.84,"body":"the best opportunity to to have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1955.84,"endTime":1959.86,"body":"a successful academic journey"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1955.84,"endTime":1959.86,"body":"without without question. As you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1959.86,"endTime":1963.18,"body":"were talking about this. It"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1959.86,"endTime":1963.18,"body":"really again, coincidence has"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1963.18,"endTime":1965.82,"body":"happened for a reason. I read,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1963.18,"endTime":1965.82,"body":"and maybe you did, as we record"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1965.82,"endTime":1969.3,"body":"this here in late June, just"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1965.82,"endTime":1969.3,"body":"this week, we had there's an"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1969.3,"endTime":1972.18,"body":"opinion piece in The Wall Street"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1969.3,"endTime":1972.18,"body":"Journal written by Alyssa Finley"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1972.18,"endTime":1975.84,"body":"that talks about the waning"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1972.18,"endTime":1975.84,"body":"attention span and also goes"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1975.84,"endTime":1979.74,"body":"deep into active learning, as"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1975.84,"endTime":1979.74,"body":"you just discussed the value of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1979.74,"endTime":1982.88,"body":"taking notes. I totally find"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1979.74,"endTime":1982.88,"body":"that right, like I my retention"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1982.88,"endTime":1985.7,"body":"is so much better. If I'm"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1982.88,"endTime":1985.7,"body":"physically writing the notes"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1985.7,"endTime":1989.42,"body":"down. I can even remember, like,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1985.7,"endTime":1989.42,"body":"20 pages ago, what part of the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1989.42,"endTime":1992.24,"body":"page on which side of the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1989.42,"endTime":1992.24,"body":"notebook the you know, the thing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1992.24,"endTime":1994.76,"body":"was that we talked about, and I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1992.24,"endTime":1994.76,"body":"could just immediately go right"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1994.76,"endTime":1997.46,"body":"back to it, it, you know, it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1994.76,"endTime":1997.46,"body":"clicks like that for me. And"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1997.46,"endTime":2000.78,"body":"even the act of typing notes,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":1997.46,"endTime":2000.78,"body":"or, worse yet, just recording a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2000.78,"endTime":2004.8,"body":"lecture, or worse, even you that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2000.78,"endTime":2004.8,"body":"having like an AI take the notes"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2004.8,"endTime":2008.52,"body":"for you, there's, there's really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2004.8,"endTime":2008.52,"body":"not that active learning and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2008.52,"endTime":2010.86,"body":"that engaged learning, and it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2008.52,"endTime":2010.86,"body":"feels like what you're saying,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2010.86,"endTime":2013.56,"body":"at least in a lot of ways,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2010.86,"endTime":2013.56,"body":"mirrors that editorial or that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2013.56,"endTime":2015.84,"body":"opinion piece that I read"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2013.56,"endTime":2015.84,"body":"earlier this week. Is that, is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2015.84,"endTime":2016.02,"body":"that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2016.02,"endTime":2020.06,"body":"right? That's,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2016.02,"endTime":2020.06,"body":"that's absolutely right. So I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2020.06,"endTime":2025.7,"body":"did an experiment in my class"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2020.06,"endTime":2025.7,"body":"when chatgpt first came out. And"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2025.7,"endTime":2029.6,"body":"now I've always had students"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2025.7,"endTime":2029.6,"body":"summarize the articles that I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2029.6,"endTime":2034.58,"body":"was going to lecture on in the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2029.6,"endTime":2034.58,"body":"next class period. So they had"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2034.64,"endTime":2038.36,"body":"the article assigned. They were"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2034.64,"endTime":2038.36,"body":"to summarize it and write their"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2038.36,"endTime":2042.52,"body":"reflection on it. And so the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2038.36,"endTime":2042.52,"body":"experiment was, you know, the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2042.52,"endTime":2046.9,"body":"first thing I did when chatgpt"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2042.52,"endTime":2046.9,"body":"came in, I said, you can't use"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2046.9,"endTime":2051.1,"body":"chatgpt, okay, to summarize. But"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2046.9,"endTime":2051.1,"body":"of course, I was bluffing,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2051.16,"endTime":2055.42,"body":"because how could I possibly"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2051.16,"endTime":2055.42,"body":"know? So then I thought about"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2055.42,"endTime":2060.72,"body":"it, and I said, Okay, I want you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2055.42,"endTime":2060.72,"body":"to use chatgpt, but I want you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2060.72,"endTime":2064.98,"body":"to first do the summaries and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2060.72,"endTime":2064.98,"body":"reflections yourself, and then I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2064.98,"endTime":2069.6,"body":"want you to use chat GPT, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2064.98,"endTime":2069.6,"body":"then I want you to revise your"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2069.6,"endTime":2073.92,"body":"summary. And then at the end of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2069.6,"endTime":2073.92,"body":"the academic quarter, I had"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2073.92,"endTime":2078.3,"body":"students evaluate their"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2073.92,"endTime":2078.3,"body":"experience, and here's what they"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2078.66,"endTime":2084.08,"body":"came up with. So first of all,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2078.66,"endTime":2084.08,"body":"the chat GPT summaries and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2084.08,"endTime":2088.46,"body":"reflections did not give them"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2084.08,"endTime":2088.46,"body":"insight into the article, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2088.46,"endTime":2093.02,"body":"this was a very common theme"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2088.46,"endTime":2093.02,"body":"that that the students wrote"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2093.02,"endTime":2099.02,"body":"about the chat GPT is creating a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2093.02,"endTime":2099.02,"body":"distance between them and the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2099.14,"endTime":2103.6,"body":"article and. So there it's,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2099.14,"endTime":2103.6,"body":"there's an intermediary, and the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2103.6,"endTime":2110.38,"body":"intermediary is the AI, which is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2103.6,"endTime":2110.38,"body":"creating a summary, and you're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2110.38,"endTime":2115.0,"body":"getting the AI perspective of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2110.38,"endTime":2115.0,"body":"what's in that article. And so"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2115.06,"endTime":2119.5,"body":"it's also not giving students"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2115.06,"endTime":2119.5,"body":"the opportunity to do the depth"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2119.5,"endTime":2125.16,"body":"of processing that's needed to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2119.5,"endTime":2125.16,"body":"be able to do sense making and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2125.16,"endTime":2130.08,"body":"to to really understand and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2125.16,"endTime":2130.08,"body":"retain what's in that article,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2130.44,"endTime":2133.02,"body":"that whole"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2130.44,"endTime":2133.02,"body":"concept is just, is just so, so"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2133.02,"endTime":2136.14,"body":"interesting to me. There's a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2133.02,"endTime":2136.14,"body":"bunch of things going through my"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2136.14,"endTime":2139.14,"body":"head I've mentioned so many"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2136.14,"endTime":2139.14,"body":"times on the podcast because it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2139.14,"endTime":2143.0,"body":"resonated so deeply with me, my"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2139.14,"endTime":2143.0,"body":"friend Todd wanick, the CEO of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2143.0,"endTime":2145.58,"body":"Ashley furniture industry,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2143.0,"endTime":2145.58,"body":"suggested I read a book earlier"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2145.58,"endTime":2148.76,"body":"this year called Genesis. It was"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2145.58,"endTime":2148.76,"body":"written by Henry Kissinger and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2148.76,"endTime":2153.02,"body":"co authored by Eric Schmidt, the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2148.76,"endTime":2153.02,"body":"former CEO of Google and Craig"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2153.02,"endTime":2157.34,"body":"Muncie, the former VP of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2153.02,"endTime":2157.34,"body":"strategy for Microsoft. And they"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2157.34,"endTime":2160.84,"body":"go into this whole idea of it"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2157.34,"endTime":2160.84,"body":"becomes a whole discussion about"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2160.84,"endTime":2163.72,"body":"what it means to be human, and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2160.84,"endTime":2163.72,"body":"as we get AI to do more and more"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2163.72,"endTime":2166.42,"body":"of our kind of day to day,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2163.72,"endTime":2166.42,"body":"mundane tasks, how are we going"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2166.42,"endTime":2169.66,"body":"to create purpose, and how are"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2166.42,"endTime":2169.66,"body":"we going to, you know, live"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2169.66,"endTime":2174.16,"body":"lives that matter, and this is,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2169.66,"endTime":2174.16,"body":"you know, this kind of speaks"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2174.16,"endTime":2176.86,"body":"right to that where it's like if"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2174.16,"endTime":2176.86,"body":"we're just going to become"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2176.86,"endTime":2180.48,"body":"automatons that are using AI to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2176.86,"endTime":2180.48,"body":"analyze information and Tell us"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2180.48,"endTime":2183.78,"body":"what the AI thinks. And AI isn't"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2180.48,"endTime":2183.78,"body":"thinking even it's at this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2183.78,"endTime":2186.12,"body":"point, it's an algorithm that's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2183.78,"endTime":2186.12,"body":"just, you know, performing a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2186.12,"endTime":2189.06,"body":"mathematical function. But the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2186.12,"endTime":2189.06,"body":"AI thinks we should know, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2189.06,"endTime":2191.82,"body":"know, that's one level of living"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2189.06,"endTime":2191.82,"body":"and not a very fulfilling one."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2191.82,"endTime":2194.46,"body":"And if we're going deeper into"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2191.82,"endTime":2194.46,"body":"the content, if we're letting"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2194.46,"endTime":2196.92,"body":"that content speak to us, if"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2194.46,"endTime":2196.92,"body":"we're not having an AI, for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2196.92,"endTime":2199.8,"body":"example, that's interpreting"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2196.92,"endTime":2199.8,"body":"what it thinks is important to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2199.8,"endTime":2202.4,"body":"us and then delivering that to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2199.8,"endTime":2202.4,"body":"us and to your students"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2202.58,"endTime":2206.96,"body":"experience doesn't even"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2202.58,"endTime":2206.96,"body":"necessarily summarize it in a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2206.96,"endTime":2210.32,"body":"way that they find meaningful."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2206.96,"endTime":2210.32,"body":"That really, really tells us"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2210.32,"endTime":2212.96,"body":"something. I think the other"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2210.32,"endTime":2212.96,"body":"thought that I had that was"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2212.96,"endTime":2216.56,"body":"going through my head as you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2212.96,"endTime":2216.56,"body":"were saying that Gloria is this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2216.56,"endTime":2222.28,"body":"whole idea of not just getting"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2216.56,"endTime":2222.28,"body":"deeper into the content, but as"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2222.28,"endTime":2225.64,"body":"a teacher, as an educator, as a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2222.28,"endTime":2225.64,"body":"professor and instructor, I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2225.64,"endTime":2227.98,"body":"mean, whatever level of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2225.64,"endTime":2227.98,"body":"education we're talking about,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2228.28,"endTime":2231.46,"body":"you know, now we have kind of a,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2228.28,"endTime":2231.46,"body":"you know, an environment that's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2231.46,"endTime":2234.4,"body":"bucking up against this whole"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2231.46,"endTime":2234.4,"body":"idea of going deeper into the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2234.4,"endTime":2238.84,"body":"content of the long form"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2234.4,"endTime":2238.84,"body":"education. What? What advice do"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2238.84,"endTime":2242.22,"body":"you have? Obviously, you're"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2238.84,"endTime":2242.22,"body":"finding ways to do it, to make"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2242.22,"endTime":2244.56,"body":"sure that at a minimum. And I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2242.22,"endTime":2244.56,"body":"guess we can, you know, we can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2244.56,"endTime":2247.56,"body":"debate whether it's we should be"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2244.56,"endTime":2247.56,"body":"delivering the learning in two"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2247.56,"endTime":2250.2,"body":"different ways, and one that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2247.56,"endTime":2250.2,"body":"kind of meets the attention span"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2250.2,"endTime":2252.6,"body":"where it is, and the other one"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2250.2,"endTime":2252.6,"body":"that disciplines it to go"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2252.6,"endTime":2255.18,"body":"deeper. Or, to your point, maybe"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2252.6,"endTime":2255.18,"body":"we just need to be spending more"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2255.18,"endTime":2258.72,"body":"focus on on, how do we do more"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2255.18,"endTime":2258.72,"body":"long form learning? And but I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2258.72,"endTime":2260.6,"body":"think the answer might be the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2258.72,"endTime":2260.6,"body":"same either way, if I'm a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2260.6,"endTime":2263.96,"body":"teacher that believes in, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2260.6,"endTime":2263.96,"body":"know, continuing at least some"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2263.96,"endTime":2265.88,"body":"version of traditional"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2263.96,"endTime":2265.88,"body":"education, where we have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2265.88,"endTime":2269.36,"body":"students reading novels and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2265.88,"endTime":2269.36,"body":"scientific materials and what"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2269.36,"endTime":2272.66,"body":"have you what advice do you have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2269.36,"endTime":2272.66,"body":"for those folks that are that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2272.66,"endTime":2275.9,"body":"are trying to maintain that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2272.66,"endTime":2275.9,"body":"focus, but also recognizing that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2275.9,"endTime":2278.3,"body":"the world of education might be"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2275.9,"endTime":2278.3,"body":"putting a different pressure on"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2278.3,"endTime":2278.48,"body":"them?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2279.02,"endTime":2283.18,"body":"Yeah, we're, we're"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2279.02,"endTime":2283.18,"body":"in such a I would say we're at a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2283.18,"endTime":2288.94,"body":"turning point right now where AI"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2283.18,"endTime":2288.94,"body":"is just becoming increasingly"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2288.94,"endTime":2295.36,"body":"more used now. I would say it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2288.94,"endTime":2295.36,"body":"fine for AI to be used in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2295.36,"endTime":2299.14,"body":"technical tasks like software"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2295.36,"endTime":2299.14,"body":"engineering, medical"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2299.14,"endTime":2305.04,"body":"diagnostics. I mean, it can"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2299.14,"endTime":2305.04,"body":"really improve in efficiency. It"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2305.04,"endTime":2311.34,"body":"can optimize, for example,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2305.04,"endTime":2311.34,"body":"finding disease. But AI is now"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2311.34,"endTime":2316.62,"body":"being used in routine, everyday"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2311.34,"endTime":2316.62,"body":"tasks, and it concerns me that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2316.62,"endTime":2322.88,"body":"students are relying on AI to do"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2316.62,"endTime":2322.88,"body":"the tasks that they should be"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2322.94,"endTime":2328.94,"body":"doing with their own minds. And"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2322.94,"endTime":2328.94,"body":"what's wrong with using AI. Had"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2328.94,"endTime":2334.46,"body":"talked about it creating a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2328.94,"endTime":2334.46,"body":"distance between the person the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2334.46,"endTime":2339.2,"body":"material, but there's this other"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2334.46,"endTime":2339.2,"body":"aspect, and that is that AI"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2339.74,"endTime":2344.8,"body":"creates flawless content. Now,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2339.74,"endTime":2344.8,"body":"of course, there are"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2344.8,"endTime":2350.08,"body":"hallucinations and errors. You"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2344.8,"endTime":2350.08,"body":"know, we can't dismiss that."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2350.08,"endTime":2354.16,"body":"There are plenty of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2350.08,"endTime":2354.16,"body":"hallucinations, but the output"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2354.22,"endTime":2358.84,"body":"that we get is flawless in terms"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2354.22,"endTime":2358.84,"body":"of its grammatical structure,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2359.68,"endTime":2364.56,"body":"and the output often looks"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2359.68,"endTime":2364.56,"body":"robotic. And when I did that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2364.56,"endTime":2367.98,"body":"experiment in class, and I had"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2364.56,"endTime":2367.98,"body":"hundreds of examples from the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2367.98,"endTime":2373.2,"body":"students, they also pointed out"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2367.98,"endTime":2373.2,"body":"to me that the output was very"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2373.2,"endTime":2378.72,"body":"robotic. It didn't seem human,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2373.2,"endTime":2378.72,"body":"and I just wrote about that in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2378.72,"endTime":2385.22,"body":"my sub stack this week, about"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2378.72,"endTime":2385.22,"body":"how this can create norms that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2385.28,"endTime":2391.7,"body":"our students or any individual"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2385.28,"endTime":2391.7,"body":"has to produce output that's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2392.06,"endTime":2398.54,"body":"perfect, that's flawless, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2392.06,"endTime":2398.54,"body":"you do that by using AI, that's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2398.6,"endTime":2401.56,"body":"that's what people are thinking."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2398.6,"endTime":2401.56,"body":"Right? And I want us to bring"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2401.56,"endTime":2406.72,"body":"back the idea that making"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2401.56,"endTime":2406.72,"body":"mistakes is so important, right?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2406.9,"endTime":2410.68,"body":"And that's how students learn."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2406.9,"endTime":2410.68,"body":"That's how students grow, is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2410.68,"endTime":2414.82,"body":"when they make mistakes and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2410.68,"endTime":2414.82,"body":"learn from that. And by having"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2414.82,"endTime":2419.44,"body":"an over reliance on AI, it's not"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2414.82,"endTime":2419.44,"body":"giving students the opportunity"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2419.44,"endTime":2424.38,"body":"to make mistakes and to, you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2419.44,"endTime":2424.38,"body":"know, be able to to learn from"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2424.38,"endTime":2426.54,"body":"that, to grow from that."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2426.66,"endTime":2428.52,"body":"Yeah, Perfection"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2426.66,"endTime":2428.52,"body":"is the enemy of progress, is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2428.52,"endTime":2430.92,"body":"what we say. And you're right"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2428.52,"endTime":2430.92,"body":"that. And I don't think, I mean,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2430.92,"endTime":2433.44,"body":"first of all, if every student"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2430.92,"endTime":2433.44,"body":"was writing a perfect paper,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2433.44,"endTime":2435.78,"body":"what did they need to be in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2433.44,"endTime":2435.78,"body":"school for? Right? I mean, that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2435.78,"endTime":2438.96,"body":"isn't the goal. The goal is to,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2435.78,"endTime":2438.96,"body":"you know, to analyze, to make"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2438.96,"endTime":2442.22,"body":"some mistakes, to fall short of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2438.96,"endTime":2442.22,"body":"the expectation. Understand"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2442.46,"endTime":2447.2,"body":"where you fell short, and then"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2442.46,"endTime":2447.2,"body":"and then augment or improve. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2447.2,"endTime":2450.02,"body":"mean, that's in a large part"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2447.2,"endTime":2450.02,"body":"what education is all about. And"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2450.02,"endTime":2452.66,"body":"frankly, if every student is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2450.02,"endTime":2452.66,"body":"meeting the bar, it's probably"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2452.66,"endTime":2455.72,"body":"an example or a indication that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2452.66,"endTime":2455.72,"body":"the bar needs to be raised a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2455.72,"endTime":2458.42,"body":"little bit so that we can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2455.72,"endTime":2458.42,"body":"continue to improve and continue"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2458.42,"endTime":2461.62,"body":"to strive for something,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2458.42,"endTime":2461.62,"body":"something greater. Also, didn't"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2461.62,"endTime":2464.02,"body":"know you had a sub stack. You'll"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2461.62,"endTime":2464.02,"body":"have one more follower after"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2464.02,"endTime":2466.96,"body":"this particular episode of The"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2464.02,"endTime":2466.96,"body":"TechEd Podcast."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2467.02,"endTime":2470.26,"body":"Let me add one more"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2467.02,"endTime":2470.26,"body":"thing, yeah, and that's to be"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2470.38,"endTime":2476.74,"body":"able to make mistakes requires"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2470.38,"endTime":2476.74,"body":"courage, and I see a reliance on"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2477.22,"endTime":2482.64,"body":"AI taking away people's courage"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2477.22,"endTime":2482.64,"body":"to make mistakes because the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2482.64,"endTime":2489.72,"body":"norms we're creating norms of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2482.64,"endTime":2489.72,"body":"having perfect output, yep, and"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2489.72,"endTime":2495.96,"body":"I would so much rather students"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2489.72,"endTime":2495.96,"body":"have the nerve to make mistakes"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2496.32,"endTime":2500.24,"body":"and to be corrected and to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2496.32,"endTime":2500.24,"body":"understand what's Behind those"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2500.24,"endTime":2503.9,"body":"mistakes. That goes back again"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2500.24,"endTime":2503.9,"body":"to this idea of depth of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2503.9,"endTime":2504.68,"body":"processing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2505.76,"endTime":2508.28,"body":"so that and that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2505.76,"endTime":2508.28,"body":"gives our educators some really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2508.28,"endTime":2511.46,"body":"good understanding of of how"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2508.28,"endTime":2511.46,"body":"they might, you know, push back"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2511.46,"endTime":2513.98,"body":"against the system a little bit,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2511.46,"endTime":2513.98,"body":"and some examples of this"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2513.98,"endTime":2517.34,"body":"importance of of going deeper,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2513.98,"endTime":2517.34,"body":"of not expecting perfection from"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2517.34,"endTime":2519.62,"body":"students. That shouldn't be the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2517.34,"endTime":2519.62,"body":"goal of education. The goal"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2519.62,"endTime":2522.4,"body":"should be making mistakes and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2519.62,"endTime":2522.4,"body":"and learning from them, having"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2522.4,"endTime":2525.34,"body":"the courage to make mistakes and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2522.4,"endTime":2525.34,"body":"also having the courage to to at"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2525.4,"endTime":2527.74,"body":"least lean back a little bit"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2525.4,"endTime":2527.74,"body":"when, when a teacher or an"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2527.74,"endTime":2530.74,"body":"educator feels as though, for"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2527.74,"endTime":2530.74,"body":"whatever reason, we need to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2530.86,"endTime":2534.76,"body":"continue to focus on the aspect"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2530.86,"endTime":2534.76,"body":"of education that says it's okay"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2534.76,"endTime":2537.28,"body":"to go deeper, it's good to go"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2534.76,"endTime":2537.28,"body":"deeper. And we shouldn't be"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2537.28,"endTime":2541.5,"body":"using, you know, AI and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2537.28,"endTime":2541.5,"body":"generative AI to do, the work of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2541.5,"endTime":2544.68,"body":"the student. It can, it might"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2541.5,"endTime":2544.68,"body":"be, might it might assisted in"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2544.68,"endTime":2547.2,"body":"some might assist the students"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2544.68,"endTime":2547.2,"body":"in some cases, but, but"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2547.2,"endTime":2551.22,"body":"certainly not doing the actual"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2547.2,"endTime":2551.22,"body":"work and letting AI be a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2551.22,"endTime":2554.7,"body":"substitute for for deep thought"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2551.22,"endTime":2554.7,"body":"and for learning. And that's"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2554.7,"endTime":2557.7,"body":"really what, what in so many"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2554.7,"endTime":2557.7,"body":"ways, academia is all about."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2557.94,"endTime":2560.58,"body":"It's all about the educators,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2557.94,"endTime":2560.58,"body":"but it's also all about the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2560.58,"endTime":2563.3,"body":"students. In fact, even more so"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2560.58,"endTime":2563.3,"body":"about the students. And I know"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2563.3,"endTime":2565.94,"body":"we've got students that listen"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2563.3,"endTime":2565.94,"body":"to this podcast that are saying,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2565.94,"endTime":2569.12,"body":"Okay, this is all great. I've"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2565.94,"endTime":2569.12,"body":"got a couple ideas of how I can"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2569.12,"endTime":2573.68,"body":"improve my attention span. What"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2569.12,"endTime":2573.68,"body":"three strategies would you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2573.68,"endTime":2576.62,"body":"suggest Gloria to a student,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2573.68,"endTime":2576.62,"body":"whether that's a college"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2576.62,"endTime":2579.38,"body":"student, university student, a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2576.62,"endTime":2579.38,"body":"high school student, what have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2579.38,"endTime":2582.7,"body":"you, that recognizes they have"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2579.38,"endTime":2582.7,"body":"an issue in terms of maintaining"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2582.7,"endTime":2585.1,"body":"that attention span for longer"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2582.7,"endTime":2585.1,"body":"periods of time. What should"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2585.1,"endTime":2587.02,"body":"they be doing to improve that?"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2585.1,"endTime":2587.02,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2587.44,"endTime":2590.38,"body":"so first of all,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2587.44,"endTime":2590.38,"body":"going back to the idea of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2590.38,"endTime":2595.36,"body":"individual differences, everyone"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2590.38,"endTime":2595.36,"body":"has an individual, personal"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2595.36,"endTime":2601.02,"body":"rhythm of their cognitive"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2595.36,"endTime":2601.02,"body":"resource level, right? I use"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2601.02,"endTime":2606.18,"body":"this metaphor of a tank of"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2601.02,"endTime":2606.18,"body":"cognitive resources. Now, there"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2606.18,"endTime":2611.7,"body":"are peaks and valleys throughout"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2606.18,"endTime":2611.7,"body":"the day, and my attentional peak"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2611.7,"endTime":2617.52,"body":"is usually mid morning. I don't"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2611.7,"endTime":2617.52,"body":"start out on top of my game, you"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2617.52,"endTime":2622.64,"body":"know, when I first wake up, but"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2617.52,"endTime":2622.64,"body":"someone else who has what's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2622.64,"endTime":2626.42,"body":"called an early chronotype,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2622.64,"endTime":2626.42,"body":"who's up at five and ready to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2626.42,"endTime":2630.38,"body":"go, their attentional peak might"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2626.42,"endTime":2630.38,"body":"be earlier. Sure, someone who's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2630.38,"endTime":2635.0,"body":"a late type, they won't have a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2630.38,"endTime":2635.0,"body":"peak until later in the day. And"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2635.0,"endTime":2639.26,"body":"we find that there, on average,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2635.0,"endTime":2639.26,"body":"there are two attentional peaks,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2639.5,"endTime":2644.44,"body":"but they're also valid when we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2639.5,"endTime":2644.44,"body":"just get depleted. And so it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2644.44,"endTime":2647.44,"body":"really important for students to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2644.44,"endTime":2647.44,"body":"understand what their own"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2647.44,"endTime":2655.18,"body":"personal rhythm of attention is,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2647.44,"endTime":2655.18,"body":"and to use that to guide them to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2655.18,"endTime":2658.12,"body":"the extent that they can make"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2655.18,"endTime":2658.12,"body":"decisions. And I'm talking"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2658.12,"endTime":2661.86,"body":"probably more about college"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2658.12,"endTime":2661.86,"body":"level, because they have a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2661.86,"endTime":2667.02,"body":"little bit more flexibility in"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2661.86,"endTime":2667.02,"body":"their schedules to be able to do"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2667.02,"endTime":2672.72,"body":"those hardest tasks at those"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2667.02,"endTime":2672.72,"body":"points when their attention is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2672.72,"endTime":2677.28,"body":"at full or high capacity, sure,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2672.72,"endTime":2677.28,"body":"and to understand, to recognize"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2677.28,"endTime":2681.74,"body":"that when you're drained, it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2677.28,"endTime":2681.74,"body":"time to take A break, and that's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2681.74,"endTime":2686.12,"body":"it comes to my second point is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2681.74,"endTime":2686.12,"body":"that it's so important to take"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2686.12,"endTime":2691.22,"body":"breaks. We, you know, to if we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2686.12,"endTime":2691.22,"body":"try to push ourselves through"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2691.46,"endTime":2696.92,"body":"the day with constant focus, we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2691.46,"endTime":2696.92,"body":"can't do that because being"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2696.92,"endTime":2701.14,"body":"focused is also correlated with"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2696.92,"endTime":2701.14,"body":"being stressed. Just because we"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2701.14,"endTime":2706.42,"body":"we need to summon up the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2701.14,"endTime":2706.42,"body":"resources we need to be able to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2706.42,"endTime":2712.06,"body":"focus sure and so take a break."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2706.42,"endTime":2712.06,"body":"Take breaks regularly, to the"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2712.06,"endTime":2716.8,"body":"extent that you can take breaks"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2712.06,"endTime":2716.8,"body":"once an hour, and to also be"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2716.98,"endTime":2721.44,"body":"able to take an extended break"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2716.98,"endTime":2721.44,"body":"during the day to clear your"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2721.44,"endTime":2727.02,"body":"mind. And you know, exercise is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2721.44,"endTime":2727.02,"body":"great. I'm, I'm an Exercise"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2727.02,"endTime":2733.38,"body":"fanatic. I every day I do"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2727.02,"endTime":2733.38,"body":"exercise and it just clears my"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2733.38,"endTime":2737.1,"body":"mind. Awesome. And so, so"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2733.38,"endTime":2737.1,"body":"that's, that's the second thing"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2737.28,"endTime":2743.18,"body":"there. There are other"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2737.28,"endTime":2743.18,"body":"strategies too. And one strategy"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2743.18,"endTime":2748.22,"body":"I like very much, it's called"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2743.18,"endTime":2748.22,"body":"using forethought, and it's"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2748.22,"endTime":2753.98,"body":"about imagining your future self"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2748.22,"endTime":2753.98,"body":"as a motivator to stay focused."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2754.46,"endTime":2760.9,"body":"So if a person is tempted to go"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2754.46,"endTime":2760.9,"body":"on social media, create a"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2760.9,"endTime":2764.74,"body":"visualization of how you see"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2760.9,"endTime":2764.74,"body":"yourself at the end of the day."},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2766.12,"endTime":2770.86,"body":"Where do you want to be, but how"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2766.12,"endTime":2770.86,"body":"do you want to feel? And I want"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2770.86,"endTime":2776.2,"body":"to feel rewarded and fulfilled"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2770.86,"endTime":2776.2,"body":"and positive, and I want to see"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2776.2,"endTime":2780.78,"body":"myself relaxing and being with"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2776.2,"endTime":2780.78,"body":"my family, and I don't want to"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2780.78,"endTime":2785.16,"body":"see myself 10 or 11 o'clock at"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2780.78,"endTime":2785.16,"body":"night working on that deadline,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2785.4,"endTime":2790.68,"body":"right? And so bringing up that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2785.4,"endTime":2790.68,"body":"visualization can help keep us"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2790.74,"endTime":2796.32,"body":"on track. And it's also about"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2790.74,"endTime":2796.32,"body":"probing ourselves to understand"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2796.98,"endTime":2801.32,"body":"when when we have these"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2796.98,"endTime":2801.32,"body":"automatic actions, picking up"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2801.32,"endTime":2804.92,"body":"our phone, clicking on social"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2801.32,"endTime":2804.92,"body":"media. That's automatic, right?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2805.52,"endTime":2810.26,"body":"If you probe yourself, do I need"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2805.52,"endTime":2810.26,"body":"to go to social media right now?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2810.5,"endTime":2814.76,"body":"Do I need to be on the phone? We"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2810.5,"endTime":2814.76,"body":"become more conscious of our"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2814.76,"endTime":2818.84,"body":"actions, and at those points is"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2814.76,"endTime":2818.84,"body":"when you can use that"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2818.84,"endTime":2823.66,"body":"visualization. It's a powerful"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2818.84,"endTime":2823.66,"body":"tool. It is to help keep us on"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2823.66,"endTime":2824.08,"body":"traffic."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2824.14,"endTime":2826.24,"body":"We could do a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2824.14,"endTime":2826.24,"body":"whole episode just on on self"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2826.24,"endTime":2829.0,"body":"visualization and visualizing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2826.24,"endTime":2829.0,"body":"the future. It is indeed a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2829.0,"endTime":2832.6,"body":"powerful tool. But the, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2829.0,"endTime":2832.6,"body":"know, three really, really good"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2832.78,"endTime":2835.36,"body":"pieces of advice, figure out"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2832.78,"endTime":2835.36,"body":"what your peak time of day is. I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2835.36,"endTime":2837.94,"body":"could tell you if I, if they if"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2835.36,"endTime":2837.94,"body":"I could have taken classes at"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2837.94,"endTime":2840.28,"body":"five in the morning, that's I'm"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2837.94,"endTime":2840.28,"body":"at my best in the first, you"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2840.28,"endTime":2843.12,"body":"know, three or four hours of the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2840.28,"endTime":2843.12,"body":"day in terms of attention span,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2843.78,"endTime":2847.38,"body":"certainly really, really"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2843.78,"endTime":2847.38,"body":"important make sure to take a"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2847.38,"endTime":2851.52,"body":"break. And exercise is a great"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2847.38,"endTime":2851.52,"body":"way to step away from whether"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2851.52,"endTime":2854.82,"body":"it's social media, the screen"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2851.52,"endTime":2854.82,"body":"time, what have you. Then also"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2854.82,"endTime":2857.64,"body":"that whole idea of forethought"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2854.82,"endTime":2857.64,"body":"and visualizing that future you,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2857.88,"endTime":2861.14,"body":"in some cases, 10 years ahead of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2857.88,"endTime":2861.14,"body":"time, but in this case, at the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2861.14,"endTime":2863.6,"body":"end of the day, and recognizing"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2861.14,"endTime":2863.6,"body":"the more attention I can put"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2863.6,"endTime":2866.6,"body":"into something now, the less"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2863.6,"endTime":2866.6,"body":"distraction and the less rushed"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2866.6,"endTime":2869.36,"body":"I'm going to be at the end of"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2866.6,"endTime":2869.36,"body":"the day. Really, really good"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2869.36,"endTime":2872.36,"body":"pieces of advice. We've got"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2869.36,"endTime":2872.36,"body":"probably time for one last"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2872.36,"endTime":2876.08,"body":"question here for Dr Gloria mark"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2872.36,"endTime":2876.08,"body":"and Gloria, that question is"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2876.08,"endTime":2878.48,"body":"this, and as much as we talked"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2876.08,"endTime":2878.48,"body":"about visualizing the future, I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2878.48,"endTime":2881.32,"body":"want to take a moment to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2878.48,"endTime":2881.32,"body":"visualize the past and go back"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2881.56,"endTime":2886.3,"body":"all the way to that 16 year old"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2881.56,"endTime":2886.3,"body":"Gloria. You're maybe a sophomore"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2886.3,"endTime":2889.48,"body":"in high school yourself. And if"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2886.3,"endTime":2889.48,"body":"you had the opportunity to give"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2889.48,"endTime":2892.66,"body":"that young individual one piece"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2889.48,"endTime":2892.66,"body":"of advice, what would you tell"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2892.66,"endTime":2894.4,"body":"her? I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2894.4,"endTime":2899.86,"body":"would say, don't be"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2894.4,"endTime":2899.86,"body":"discouraged when things go"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2900.28,"endTime":2905.22,"body":"south. For you, when things go"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2900.28,"endTime":2905.22,"body":"wrong, have faith in yourself"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2905.88,"endTime":2910.44,"body":"that you know it's going to work"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2905.88,"endTime":2910.44,"body":"out. Slow down, you know, keep"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2910.44,"endTime":2915.12,"body":"the faith that you'll be okay. I"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2910.44,"endTime":2915.12,"body":"mean, I can't tell you how"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2915.12,"endTime":2919.98,"body":"stressed I was, and you know,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2915.12,"endTime":2919.98,"body":"there's so many there are joys,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2919.98,"endTime":2922.4,"body":"but there are also"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2919.98,"endTime":2922.4,"body":"disappointments. And I would"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2922.4,"endTime":2928.16,"body":"tell myself, you'll be okay,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2922.4,"endTime":2928.16,"body":"you'll be fine. Just, you know,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2928.34,"endTime":2933.44,"body":"work out and trust that things,"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2928.34,"endTime":2933.44,"body":"things will be okay. Don't"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2933.44,"endTime":2937.22,"body":"stress. You've got your your"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2933.44,"endTime":2937.22,"body":"whole life for stress, right?"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2938.06,"endTime":2941.92,"body":"Exactly, and we should, should"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2938.06,"endTime":2941.92,"body":"not spend too much time at"},{"speaker":"Gloria Mark","startTime":2941.92,"endTime":2942.34,"body":"stress."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2942.4,"endTime":2944.44,"body":"Yeah. Good advice"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2942.4,"endTime":2944.44,"body":"for our for our current selves"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2944.44,"endTime":2947.8,"body":"as well, but certainly that that"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2944.44,"endTime":2947.8,"body":"16 year old, don't get"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2947.8,"endTime":2950.98,"body":"discouraged. Everything is going"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2947.8,"endTime":2950.98,"body":"to be okay. Keep the faith,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2950.98,"endTime":2953.8,"body":"don't stress. Absolutely"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2950.98,"endTime":2953.8,"body":"important, important advice."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2953.8,"endTime":2956.62,"body":"We've gotten so many great"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2953.8,"endTime":2956.62,"body":"pieces of important advice on"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2956.62,"endTime":2959.86,"body":"this episode of The TechEd"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2956.62,"endTime":2959.86,"body":"Podcast with Dr Gloria Mark, I"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2959.86,"endTime":2962.52,"body":"want to let you know that number"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2959.86,"endTime":2962.52,"body":"one, Gloria, thank you so much"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2962.52,"endTime":2964.98,"body":"for being with us. It's been an"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2962.52,"endTime":2964.98,"body":"absolute pleasure. We're gonna"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2964.98,"endTime":2970.62,"body":"link the show notes up at TechEd"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2964.98,"endTime":2970.62,"body":"podcast.com/mark that is TechEd"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2970.62,"endTime":2976.08,"body":"podcast.com/m a, r, k, so check"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2970.62,"endTime":2976.08,"body":"them out there. Gloria, we'll"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2976.08,"endTime":2978.72,"body":"make sure the book is linked up,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2976.08,"endTime":2978.72,"body":"and we'll make sure some of the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2978.72,"endTime":2982.16,"body":"other resources we talked about"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2978.72,"endTime":2982.16,"body":"are there as well when you're"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2982.16,"endTime":2985.76,"body":"done at the TechEd podcast.com,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2982.16,"endTime":2985.76,"body":"checking out the show notes, be"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2985.76,"endTime":2988.7,"body":"sure and check us out at social"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2985.76,"endTime":2988.7,"body":"media. Just don't do it in the"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2988.7,"endTime":2991.28,"body":"last two hours before you go to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2988.7,"endTime":2991.28,"body":"bed. We don't want that blue"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2991.28,"endTime":2993.98,"body":"screen time, but check us out on"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2991.28,"endTime":2993.98,"body":"social we are all over. You'll"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2993.98,"endTime":2997.34,"body":"find us on LinkedIn, Facebook,"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2993.98,"endTime":2997.34,"body":"Tiktok, Instagram. Doesn't"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2997.34,"endTime":2999.92,"body":"matter where you consume your"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":2997.34,"endTime":2999.92,"body":"social media, you will find."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":3000.0,"endTime":3002.82,"body":"Mind our channels, and we would"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":3000.0,"endTime":3002.82,"body":"love to hear from you here at"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":3002.82,"endTime":3005.28,"body":"The TechEd Podcast, and love to"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":3002.82,"endTime":3005.28,"body":"see you again next week. Thank"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":3005.28,"endTime":3008.1,"body":"you so much for being with us."},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":3005.28,"endTime":3008.1,"body":"My name is Matt Kirkner, and"},{"speaker":"Matt Kirchner","startTime":3008.1,"endTime":3009.42,"body":"this is The TechEd Podcast you."}]}