The Hidden World of Internet Addressing and Transformative Education

Ever wondered how the unseen digital postal codes of the internet work to keep our world connected? Prepare to have the veil lifted on the mysterious world of IP addresses as I, Professor JRod, guide you through the labyrinth of public and private IPs. From how your device communicates with the vast web through a unique global identifier to the local network connections safeguarded by private IPs, this episode is an enlightening expedition into the bedrock of internet connectivity. We also navigate the conversation toward the horizon of IPv6 and its potential to redefine our digital addressing system, ensuring you're ahead of the curve in understanding future technological shifts.

But it's not just about the numbers and technical jargon; we're locking down on the fortifications that keep your data safe. Discover how routers act as vigilant gatekeepers, translating and routing traffic while fortifying our networks with firewalls and encryption. I'll share indispensable troubleshooting tips for those pesky connectivity issues, and we'll explore the immeasurable value of private IP addresses in scaling up corporate networks securely. Closing on an inspiring note, I reflect on the profound impact of education. It's about more than imparting knowledge; it's about empowering lives and fostering success that resonates through generations. Join us for a journey that's not just about mastering the internet's language but about the broader significance of learning and its capacity to transform lives.

Transcript

Speaker 1: 0:29

And welcome to Technology Tap. This is Professor Jay Rod. On this episode we're going to talk about public and private IP address. Let's get into it, alright, everyone Welcome. Happy New Year everyone. We're going to listen to my last episode and shame on you If you did not right. We're going to talk about public and private IP addresses. Before we get into that, let's do a little bit housekeeping.

Speaker 1: 1:24

One of the things I wanted to tell you guys remind you guys that I'm on TikTok now. So if you want to follow me, I'm Professor Jay Rod on TikTok and I do two, three, four short minute clips on, you know, the CompTIA series of exams. You know how much I love CompTIA and I do questions. I do many lessons. Check it out, tell me what you like, you know, hit the like button, hit the follow button, hit, you know, make a comment or something. If we get a lot of followers I don't know how many it is for TikTok, I think it's a thousand I can go live. We can do live question and answer sessions. If you want, we can do a lot. I'm finally, you know, thanks to my students who have been encouraging me to go to TikTok and I've been blowing them off and I decided to take the plunge over the Christmas break. So let's do it. Follow me on TikTok, professor Jay Rod Alright. So welcome everyone.

Speaker 1: 2:19

Today we're going to unravel the world of IP address and their certificates in the vast world of networking. So an IP address, or internet protocol address, is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network. It serves as an identifier for devices, allowing them to connect to communicate with each other. So imagine IP addresses as digital postal codes or zip codes for the internet. They enable seamless communications between devices, ensuring data reaches its intended destination accurately and efficiently. And the intricate web of networks. Ip address are the backbone facilitating the flow of information across the global digital landscape.

Speaker 1: 3:15

Now let's introduce the concept of public and private IP addresses. Public IP address is the address assigned to the devices directly connected to the internet. It is uniquely global and allows devices to be accessed from anywhere on the web. Now, in order for this to happen, they must get assigned by your ISP. Your ISP internet service provider gives you a public IP address, private IP address, on the other hand, devices within a local network, like your home or office they all have private IP address. These address are not directly reachable from the internet. So, and which means if you are on the that address, that public, that private IP address that you have on your computer, it does not go out on the internet. When it goes through your router, your router's public IP address becomes the IP address that the internet sees your device, as it's never going to see your device as the private IP address that you have. This is why there's always an issue. When somebody is doing things on, let's say, like a coffee shop where everything is free, and this free Wi Fi, it becomes a little bit, you know, hard for people to find out who's doing what right. I mean, you can do it by the MAC address and there's different other ways, but you know, if you just go one and done, it's going to be hard to find that person on that particular day.

Speaker 1: 4:47

Universal presence it is crucial to grasp that every single device connected to the internet, be your smartphone, laptop or smart fridge, has his own IP address. This digital identify is fundamental for devices to locate and communicate with each other in the vast interconnect landscape of the internet. But your laptop, smartphone and smart fridge IPs are what their private IPs? Right, they're not public IPs, they are private IPs. So now that you understand the basic list, do a deep dive into public IP address.

Speaker 1: 5:27

Public IP addresses are assigned by the internet service providers to devices directly connected to the internet. It's like the face of a device in the global digital space. Isps, the Internet Service providers, play a crucial role in assigning your public IP address. When you connect to the Internet at home or in your office, your ISP provides you with a unique public IP address. Are they dynamic or static? Ip address can be dynamic, changing each time you connect, or static permanent. This depends on your ISP policies and your subscription plan. But most ISPs you will have the same public IP address always. But they are dynamic, which means if you unplug your router overnight, when you plug it in the next day, you're probably going to get a different public IP address, most likely. So global uniqueness public IP must be globally unique.

Speaker 1: 6:33

Imagine it as a phone number. You don't want two devices on the Internet having the same phone number. Again, that's for public IP addresses, right? Public IP addresses cannot be the same. Two people cannot have the same public IP address. Can they have the same private IP address? Yes, as long as they are on different networks, they can. Right, for example, all of us at home. We can type on our browser 192.168.1.1 and we will get our router admin page Right. So we each have the same IP address, and that's okay because it's private, it's within our own network, but you can have two people in your house, you know. So, now that that IP address is assigned to your router, I cannot assign that IP address to a device 192.168.1.1. Right, with the transitioning to IPv6, which I don't know when that's going to happen which offers an astronomical large number of unique address, the. The challenge of running out of public a unique public IP address is is already squashed with IPv6. But we don't know if every device with IPv6 ever comes out, and that's going to be a big change in in it. Whatever, each device is going to get its own public IP or are we still going to keep the public private IP? If we're still going to keep the same thing, I mean, why change? That's my whole thing.

Speaker 1: 8:01

Web servers one of the primary use case in hosting web servers. Public IPs allow users from anywhere on the internet to access websites hosted on the servers. That is correct. So if you have a website at home, you're not going to be able to have people go into your website and I mean physically in your home, not not that you created at home and it's stored on on the cloud somewhere. That is the service physically in your house. In order for people to access it, you have to ask your ISP for a different, for a different public IP for that particular server and you're going to pay a lot of money for that Public facing server.

Speaker 1: 8:41

Any service that needs to be accessible globally, such as online gaming service, video streaming services or remote access, relies on public IP address. So let's take an example of web hosting. When you visit a website, the web servers public IP address is what allows you to connect it to it over the internet. Dns translates the domain name to the associated public IP address, directing your request to the connected server. So public IP address are gateways to the internet. They enable global connectivity, allowing services and websites to be accessed from anywhere in the world.

Speaker 1: 9:20

But also the public IPs are separated into what they call classful networks and there's three categories this class A, class B and class C. For class A the first octave to be a class A public IP address, it has to start with between the first octave, between one and 126. And that gives you for each octave, so for octaves, let's say 10, or nine, right? So nine dot zero, dot, zero, dot one. Nine dot zero dot, zero, dot two. Nine dot zero dot, zero, dot three. Nine dot 100 dot 10, dot 54. That nine network has the ability to give you, because the other two octaves, the other three octaves change, right, and as you can go anywhere from zero to 255, which gives you 256 different combinations, you can get with one IP, the IP address of nine, that starts with nine, over 16.7 million hosts. These are by ISPs, right, because one IP will give you 16.7 million hosts.

Speaker 1: 10:34

So then you have class B, which is between 128 and 191, which is 65,000. Sorry, that'll give you 65,000 number of holes. And why is it different from class A? Well, class B is the first two octaves, but it has to start between 128 and 191. So, for example, you can have 190, that's zero, that's zero dot one. 190, that's zero, that's zero dot two. 190.0, that 100, that 25, right, 190, that's, that's zero, that 100, that 26. So the last two octaves change. The first two octaves stay the same. So that just gives you 256 different number of octaves or combinations on the last two octaves. So it's 256 multiplied by 256, that gives you 65,000 different combinations, and class C is between 192 and 223. And the first three octaves stay the same. The last one changes from zero to 255, gives you 256 different combinations. That's a class C network. So you have class A, class B and class C for public IPs, right? All right, let's continue.

Speaker 1: 11:57

Private IPs private IPs are located, which are usually located within local networks. But private IP, unlike public IP, private IP are reserved for use within local networks, such as your home or office. They are not directly accessible from the internet. Private IPs are defined within specific ranges to avoid conflicts with public address. Common IP before private address range includes. Well, like public IP, private IP also has three different classes In the three different classes range. So class A is goes from 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255. Class B is 172, that goes from 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255. And class C, which is the ones that we are more familiar with in our homes, is class C 192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255. Similar to IPv4, ipv6 has reserved ranges for private address. But again, we're not worried about IPv6 now. We worry about that in the future.

Speaker 1: 13:28

Private IP address are used internally within local networks, creating a closed environment where devices can communicate with each other. The router, within the local network, assigns and manages private IP addresses for the device. Nat is the one network address translation that allows multiple devices between a local network to share a single public IP when accessing the internet. When a device from a local network request access to the internet, the router assigns a unique temporary port number to the device private IP address. As the device leaves the local network, the router translates the private IP and the port to the public IP in a different port. This way, the response from the internet can be directed back to the correct device. Nat is crucial for conserving public IP addresses. Without NAT, every device in a local network will require a unique IP address, which is not practical given the limited availability of IPv4 addresses.

Speaker 1: 14:40

Yeah, we ran out of IP addresses a long time ago. Ladies and gentlemen, everybody thought when the internet first started that we were going to have these little devices that we carry around in our pockets that would have access to the internet, or that every device or every office in the world will have access to the internet. Almost every office in the world has access to the internet. Believe this, ladies and gentlemen. There was a time when there was no cable, not cable TV, no internet, cable run on the office, people had to run cable in every office in the world in order to get internet. So imagine that. Imagine that task that had to be done. So I just can't wait till they switch over to IPv6. I want to see what they're going to do so and hand security for that.

Speaker 1: 15:33

That access of firewall sorts, as Advices within the local network are not directly accessible to the internet unless they go through the router, which then translates using that Translates, their private IP addresses to a public IP. So here's an example. Consider home network. Multiple devices like smartphones, laptops and smart TVs share a public IP Addressed through that While assessing the internet. So every device that goes through your Router shares the same IP address going out.

Speaker 1: 16:07

So if you go to your computer and you go to the command line, if you don't know how to go to command line, go to start run and type Cmd like cash, money, dollar, hit enter. You're gonna see a command line. If you type IP config on there, you are going to see your IPv4 address. That's your IP address. That's your private IP address For that particular device that you're using Right now. If you want to know what your public IP address, right? All you got to do is open up a browser Right, go to Google and type what's my IP address, you hit enter and then you're gonna get your public IP address. That's the address that the internet sees every single one of your devices as the IP as it goes out Through your router. Right, every device, your computer, your laptop, your smart TV, everything that goes out on the internet in your house is gonna it's gonna have that Public IP address attached to it, not the one on the device. It's gonna be that one, the one that's given by the ISP. So that ensures seamless connectivity for multiple devices and a local network while utilizing a limited number of Public IP address, because it's definitely going to save us With the amount of IP addresses that we already use in the world. This is what we need. So, differences between public and private IP Distinctions. Now let's highlight the key differences between public and private. Public IP addresses are globally unique and accessible from the internet, while private IPs are used within closed local network.

Speaker 1: 17:47

Security implications of private IP addresses. When it comes to private IP addresses within local network, intranet security Devices communicate within the local network, creating a secure environment, right. So this enables you to communicate with devices Inside your network. Then isolation from the internet. Private IP addresses are not directly reachable From the internet, providing an additional layer of security. Home networks in a home network scenario devices smartphone, laptops, smart TV share a private IP address range when you go access to the internet. That allows seamless internet access for all devices While using a single public IP address.

Speaker 1: 18:31

A Corporate intranets corporate intranets in a corporate settings internal communication Departments and teams communicate using private IP addresses. For example, you're connecting to your server at the office. You're connecting Via your private IP address. You're not connecting Via the public IP address because your server is not going out on the internet. Your file server Right, your file server, the one that you're getting that you're sharing all the files with that's not going on on the internet. Access to the internet now allows, seems, internet access for devices. All security enhanced security as an internal network details are shielded from an external internet.

Speaker 1: 19:15

Roll of routers and managing public and private IP addresses Routers functions. Routers play a crucial role in managing both public and private IP addresses within a network. Public to private. Routers handle the translation of public to private address using NAT. Routing traffic. They route traffic between devices in the local network and the external internet. Security measures and routers routers Implemented security features to prefer to protect the local network. Firewalls filtering and and controlling incoming and outgoing traffic. Access control defining rules for which devices can access certain resources.

Speaker 1: 20:01

Secure communications in both home and corporate network. The use of private IP addresses ensure Secure communications within the network. Encryptions adding encryption layers further secures data transmission. Scalability and corporate network scalability and corporate environment. The use of private IP addresses allow for the scalability of the network without needing a vast number of public IP address. Efficient resource utilization Resources can be effectively used within the organization's private space. In summary, understanding the difference between public and private IP address is crucial for designing secure and efficient networks. So that's what you know. It's very important, both public and private. It's you know it's a very easy. It's not a topic that is very hard, you know.

Speaker 1: 21:00

One of the things that I failed to mention is what happens if you don't get an IP address Right. You may see if you ever do an IP config let's say you're not getting access to the internet and you Do an IP config on your computer and you get an IP address that starts with 1, 6, 9, 2, 5, 4. Right, the last two octaves don't really mean. Whatever it has, it doesn't really mean anything. What if it starts with 1, 6, 9, 2, 5, 4? That's an, a PIPA address, or automatic private IP Addressing, and you will get an, a PIPA, a PIPA or PIPA. People pronounce it differently.

Speaker 1: 21:41

When your, when it's something wrong with whatever device is in charge of giving out IPs. So in your house, if you ever get it at home, it's something wrong with your router. Your router is not giving out the IPs. You may want to reset it. Or if you add work and it's multiple people Key here is multiple people are having a PIPA address you might want to go and usually there's a Windows server or some kind of server that is giving out IPs. That is the DHCP server. When that happens, you might want to reset that server and then, once that server is complete, it'll it'll give out the IPs.

Speaker 1: 22:19

Now, if it's just one User that this is happening to and I tell this to everybody who takes any one of my classes and they ask you, they might ask you this in an interview question. If they say hey, you walk in and somebody says, hey, I don't have any internet or any email, and you go to the computer and you type IP config and you see that have an IP address of 169254. How do you fix it? Well, I'll tell you the easiest way to fix it, but not the answer that they want you to hear. If you say reboot, that that's gonna fix it. That's probably gonna fix it, but that's also probably gonna fix you to get kicked out of the interview, right, they're gonna be like okay, thank you for coming, it was nice meeting you. And then you're gone. Right, what? What you should say is well, I'll go to command line on that PC, I'll do IP config space forward, slash, release and then I'll type and then hit enter and then I'll type IP config space forward slash, renew and that will give the for the Sora, what the Dora, what I call Dora handshake. It's the four-way handshake and you and that PC should get a New IP address. Right, the PIPA address Leaves and is replaced by regular IP.

Speaker 1: 23:40

This all has to do with the ACP, which I'm gonna do a separate lesson on. I think I did one very superficial in the beginning of doing the podcast, but I'm gonna kind of like do a deeper dive on the ACP, because this is. This is one of those things that you know, some people don't really understand 100%. And plus, it gives you a really, really good idea, like how the internet actually works. Right. How does this thing work Right? How does? How do I get from a to b? So it's and it's. You know the foundation of the internet and this again, all this stuff, it's not networking, it's. This is all a plus. This is all that should be taught in your hardware class, in your a plus class, right, because it is on the comp TAA plus exam, so you should be able to know it. If you have your teachers we're not teaching it, then they're not really going doing a good job, because in hardware they should be going over.

Speaker 1: 24:32

How do you get an IP address? That's, that's, uh, you know, comp Tia 101, right there, guys, so, yeah, so with that, I mean, we're not done yet, but I just want to say, just want to remind you that I'm on tiktok, I'm at Professor J rod, stop by, look at one of the videos, you know, look at a bunch of them. I'm trying to go live, but I think I need a thousand likes or thousand followers, something like that, and if I get that, I I could do live question answer sessions with you. I, you know. If you're having issues, you know with one particular topic, I can explain it. But you need to go on tiktok and, you know, follow, like and all that stuff, because that's the only way I'm gonna get my numbers up. So I started a couple of days ago and I'm kind of stuck out at 700 people looking at it. It hasn't gone up from there. I know there's different Hashtags and all that. If anybody knows, if anybody's like one of those social media people Out there and can give me some tips on how to get more viewers, just email me. Professor J rod that's J R O D had gmailcom and and, yeah, shoot me some advice on what I can do to get my, my views up now. I would really appreciate that.

Speaker 1: 25:50

I'm not doing this for money, guys. I'm not looking to be a millionaire Off of this, but you know there's some expenses that occur from doing these podcasts. You know that's I pay money for equipment and stuff like that. So I would like to be reimbursed, you know. So now I'm not trying to make rich or quit my job, only thing I love my job, but you know, to pay for some of these expenses, you know, and the ability to go to conferences. You know, if I make even enough money for that, I would love to be able to do that.

Speaker 1: 26:19

And you know, take this a little bit. You know, take our little show, you know, broad and and and get more notice and get more people to interview. And you know, just help you guys, because that's what the goal is with this podcast and now with this tiktok right. Professor J rod J R O D some people spell a J a Y R O D. No, it's J R O D, like the baseball player, a rod right. But if you, you know, want to listen to it, you know, ask questions. Already have people asking me questions on the comment section, which is great.

Speaker 1: 26:52

I love going back and forth with with you guys, because my ultimate goal is you guys Passing and emailing me and telling me that I helped you and then you were able to pass and you got a new job and you got a new career and you're making money and you helping your family. There's nothing, nothing better than that, guys. That's this is why I do this Just to help you guys, help my students, you know, and and hope and wishing that you all succeed because, at the end of the day, guys, this is why we do it right. We do it for us, we do it for our families. We want to be successful, we want to progress, we want to move up the ladder, we want to change our life and change our Families lives, generational lives, right, and this is how we do it through education. So that's gonna put a ball on it today, guys.

Speaker 1: 27:42

Thank you so much for listening. I Appreciate each and every one of you. You know that Until next time, this has been a presentation of little trash at productions Art by Sarah, music by Joe Kim. If you want to reach me, you can email me, professor J rod J R O D, at gmailcom, on tiktok app, or, first of J rod, on Instagram, at professor J rod.