{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":11.4,"endTime":12.4,"body":"Welcome."},{"startTime":12.4,"endTime":16.68,"body":"You're listening to Mark and Jacky's"},{"startTime":12.4,"endTime":16.68,"body":"Wildlife and Photography podcast."},{"startTime":17.16,"endTime":21.24,"body":"Explore and learn about the natural world"},{"startTime":17.16,"endTime":21.24,"body":"and how to take pictures."},{"startTime":21.84,"endTime":24.08,"body":"This podcast is all about photography."},{"startTime":24.36,"endTime":26.72,"body":"Our aim is to help you"},{"startTime":24.36,"endTime":26.72,"body":"improve your pictures."},{"startTime":27.28,"endTime":29.28,"body":"It doesn't matter what camera you use."},{"startTime":29.76,"endTime":34.08,"body":"We want to stimulate your creative side,"},{"startTime":29.76,"endTime":34.08,"body":"get you taking pictures"},{"startTime":34.4,"endTime":38.52,"body":"that you want to share with other people."},{"startTime":44.28,"endTime":46.32,"body":"Episode 20."},{"startTime":46.32,"endTime":49.32,"body":"Keep it local."},{"startTime":49.32,"endTime":52.24,"body":"How would you like to learn a simple,"},{"startTime":49.32,"endTime":52.24,"body":"inexpensive"},{"startTime":52.24,"endTime":55.44,"body":"way of watching nature"},{"startTime":52.24,"endTime":55.44,"body":"or taking photographs?"},{"startTime":56.28,"endTime":60.24,"body":"If the answer is yes,"},{"startTime":56.28,"endTime":60.24,"body":"we may have the solution for you."},{"startTime":61.36,"endTime":65.28,"body":"If you're not that bothered,"},{"startTime":61.36,"endTime":65.28,"body":"oh well try and find another podcast."},{"startTime":65.44,"endTime":68.88,"body":"This is not going to save you money."},{"startTime":68.88,"endTime":70.8,"body":"The secret to visiting places"},{"startTime":70.8,"endTime":74.24,"body":"to take pictures"},{"startTime":70.8,"endTime":74.24,"body":"or just to watch nature is"},{"startTime":75.56,"endTime":77.28,"body":"don't go anywhere."},{"startTime":77.28,"endTime":78.12,"body":"Yeah, that's right."},{"startTime":78.12,"endTime":79.88,"body":"Keep it local"},{"startTime":80.12,"endTime":82.56,"body":"to stay close to home."},{"startTime":82.56,"endTime":85.32,"body":"I know it sounds very boring, doesn't it?"},{"startTime":85.32,"endTime":86.92,"body":"But it needn't be."},{"startTime":86.92,"endTime":89.28,"body":"All you have to do is to take the right"},{"startTime":86.92,"endTime":89.28,"body":"approach."},{"startTime":89.96,"endTime":94.08,"body":"I’ll grant you it’s possibly not going to"},{"startTime":89.96,"endTime":94.08,"body":"be as exciting as some we knew might be."},{"startTime":94.92,"endTime":97.88,"body":"After all, who doesn't want to venture"},{"startTime":94.92,"endTime":97.88,"body":"into the unknown."},{"startTime":99.36,"endTime":101.56,"body":"To seek out new picture opportunities."},{"startTime":101.96,"endTime":104.04,"body":"Explore strange new worlds."},{"startTime":104.04,"endTime":108.0,"body":"To seek out new life, a new civilization,"},{"startTime":104.04,"endTime":108.0,"body":"and to boldly go"},{"startTime":108.0,"endTime":110.12,"body":"where no one has gone before."},{"startTime":110.12,"endTime":112.44,"body":"All right, that's called out my system."},{"startTime":112.6,"endTime":115.8,"body":"Now for the interesting bit."},{"startTime":115.8,"endTime":117.92,"body":"New places you've never visited before."},{"startTime":118.8,"endTime":121.24,"body":"Is it a different level"},{"startTime":118.8,"endTime":121.24,"body":"to keeping it local,"},{"startTime":121.96,"endTime":125.56,"body":"especially when your destination"},{"startTime":121.96,"endTime":125.56,"body":"has a reputation for the spectacular."},{"startTime":126.6,"endTime":128.96,"body":"The first time we went to Kenya together,"},{"startTime":128.96,"endTime":132.84,"body":"we planned the trip for about a year"},{"startTime":128.96,"endTime":132.84,"body":"before finally boarding the plane,"},{"startTime":134.44,"endTime":137.0,"body":"a three week safari in the Maasai Mara."},{"startTime":137.72,"endTime":139.64,"body":"Jackie was a bit more laid back."},{"startTime":139.64,"endTime":142.96,"body":"She had visited before, but for me"},{"startTime":139.64,"endTime":142.96,"body":"it was my first time."},{"startTime":143.64,"endTime":146.68,"body":"I was like a kid waiting for Christmas."},{"startTime":146.68,"endTime":148.88,"body":"It turned out to be an amazing trip."},{"startTime":148.88,"endTime":153.08,"body":"Memorable wildlife encounters,"},{"startTime":148.88,"endTime":153.08,"body":"bringing back some amazing pictures."},{"startTime":153.6,"endTime":158.16,"body":"One thing about the new is"},{"startTime":153.6,"endTime":158.16,"body":"it can be overwhelming at first."},{"startTime":158.56,"endTime":160.68,"body":"You feel like you're on a merry go round."},{"startTime":160.92,"endTime":163.64,"body":"Everything is a constant blur."},{"startTime":163.64,"endTime":167.88,"body":"It wasn't until perhaps the third week"},{"startTime":163.64,"endTime":167.88,"body":"when I started to appreciate"},{"startTime":167.88,"endTime":173.04,"body":"our surroundings, catching small glimpses"},{"startTime":167.88,"endTime":173.04,"body":"into what the Mara was all about."},{"startTime":174.16,"endTime":178.04,"body":"It took me that long to get over"},{"startTime":174.16,"endTime":178.04,"body":"the it’s an elephant moments."},{"startTime":179.52,"endTime":181.0,"body":"As the novelty wears off."},{"startTime":181.0,"endTime":183.04,"body":"Or maybe I should say down."},{"startTime":183.04,"endTime":185.6,"body":"You start to notice the countryside"},{"startTime":183.04,"endTime":185.6,"body":"and its wildlife."},{"startTime":186.32,"endTime":189.52,"body":"It's a small things like interaction"},{"startTime":186.32,"endTime":189.52,"body":"between herd members"},{"startTime":189.92,"endTime":194.04,"body":"taking time to study the interactions."},{"startTime":194.04,"endTime":198.0,"body":"You get to notice the tiny flowers"},{"startTime":194.04,"endTime":198.0,"body":"that appeared as if from nowhere."},{"startTime":199.24,"endTime":202.56,"body":"The plants had always been there,"},{"startTime":199.24,"endTime":202.56,"body":"but I just failed to notice them."},{"startTime":203.56,"endTime":205.92,"body":"The place is becoming local."},{"startTime":205.92,"endTime":208.32,"body":"We don't live in them, Mara,"},{"startTime":208.32,"endTime":210.76,"body":"but we have nature and wildlife nearby."},{"startTime":211.72,"endTime":214.72,"body":"We visited a lot more regularly"},{"startTime":211.72,"endTime":214.72,"body":"than the Maasai Mara."},{"startTime":215.4,"endTime":219.64,"body":"Our patch has a diverse"},{"startTime":215.4,"endTime":219.64,"body":"and exciting range of wildlife."},{"startTime":220.44,"endTime":222.6,"body":"It's not the same wildlife as the Mara."},{"startTime":224.2,"endTime":225.8,"body":"Now, maybe you are lucky"},{"startTime":225.8,"endTime":228.0,"body":"and have a herd of elephants"},{"startTime":225.8,"endTime":228.0,"body":"on your doorstep."},{"startTime":228.96,"endTime":233.0,"body":"For us locally,"},{"startTime":228.96,"endTime":233.0,"body":"we're unlikely to photograph an elephant."},{"startTime":233.64,"endTime":238.32,"body":"Mammoths did roam the Highlands at the end"},{"startTime":233.64,"endTime":238.32,"body":"of the last ice age, but not since."},{"startTime":239.24,"endTime":243.24,"body":"So keeping it"},{"startTime":239.24,"endTime":243.24,"body":"local has advantages and disadvantages."},{"startTime":243.76,"endTime":247.2,"body":"Local can be just as fantastic"},{"startTime":243.76,"endTime":247.2,"body":"as the savannahs of Africa."},{"startTime":247.8,"endTime":250.64,"body":"You just need to readjust your scale."},{"startTime":251.56,"endTime":253.08,"body":"We're going to try and persuade you."},{"startTime":253.08,"endTime":256.92,"body":"Watching and photographing the natural"},{"startTime":253.08,"endTime":256.92,"body":"world close to home is a good thing."},{"startTime":257.64,"endTime":259.92,"body":"We accept"},{"startTime":257.64,"endTime":259.92,"body":"that it's going to be a challenge"},{"startTime":259.92,"endTime":263.8,"body":"because who, in all honesty,"},{"startTime":259.92,"endTime":263.8,"body":"doesn't like new and exciting places?"},{"startTime":264.96,"endTime":266.32,"body":"Given half a chance, I'd be"},{"startTime":266.32,"endTime":268.92,"body":"off somewhere"},{"startTime":266.32,"endTime":268.92,"body":"exotic camera in hand in a heartbeat."},{"startTime":270.12,"endTime":273.24,"body":"But those sort of opportunities"},{"startTime":270.12,"endTime":273.24,"body":"only come at considerable cost."},{"startTime":273.88,"endTime":276.4,"body":"Therefore, the number of times we can go"},{"startTime":273.88,"endTime":276.4,"body":"is limited."},{"startTime":277.0,"endTime":279.08,"body":"Local has lots of advantages."},{"startTime":279.44,"endTime":280.44,"body":"It's there."},{"startTime":280.44,"endTime":282.96,"body":"We are going to explore in this podcast."},{"startTime":283.28,"endTime":287.28,"body":"By the end you'll be at the door"},{"startTime":283.28,"endTime":287.28,"body":"ready to keep it local."},{"startTime":288.52,"endTime":291.84,"body":"So please make sure that your seat"},{"startTime":288.52,"endTime":291.84,"body":"and tray are in the upright position"},{"startTime":292.2,"endTime":294.52,"body":"and that your seat belt"},{"startTime":292.2,"endTime":294.52,"body":"is securely fastened."},{"startTime":295.88,"endTime":298.64,"body":"First thing, get to know your local patch."},{"startTime":299.04,"endTime":301.44,"body":"Everybody has some nature or wildlife"},{"startTime":301.72,"endTime":304.84,"body":"on or very near their front door."},{"startTime":304.84,"endTime":307.88,"body":"Now full disclosure, we're lucky"},{"startTime":304.84,"endTime":307.88,"body":"we live in Scotland."},{"startTime":308.36,"endTime":312.04,"body":"It has some of the most diverse landscapes"},{"startTime":308.36,"endTime":312.04,"body":"in the whole of the UK."},{"startTime":312.68,"endTime":315.6,"body":"That's something"},{"startTime":312.68,"endTime":315.6,"body":"we should be bragging about because the UK"},{"startTime":315.6,"endTime":318.44,"body":"has one of the most"},{"startTime":315.6,"endTime":318.44,"body":"depleted environments in the world."},{"startTime":319.2,"endTime":322.04,"body":"Hopefully where you live is one of the 189"},{"startTime":322.04,"endTime":324.6,"body":"countries"},{"startTime":322.04,"endTime":324.6,"body":"that managed to do better than the UK."},{"startTime":325.12,"endTime":327.6,"body":"And your local patch"},{"startTime":325.12,"endTime":327.6,"body":"will be full of wildlife"},{"startTime":327.6,"endTime":330.44,"body":"and nature,"},{"startTime":327.6,"endTime":330.44,"body":"all just waiting for you to discover."},{"startTime":331.12,"endTime":334.68,"body":"Different habitats"},{"startTime":331.12,"endTime":334.68,"body":"create homes for different species."},{"startTime":335.4,"endTime":338.84,"body":"You need to think about how many different"},{"startTime":335.4,"endTime":338.84,"body":"habitats are local to you."},{"startTime":339.36,"endTime":342.8,"body":"We have mountains, wood, wooded rivers,"},{"startTime":339.36,"endTime":342.8,"body":"drafts, fresh"},{"startTime":342.8,"endTime":346.12,"body":"water,"},{"startTime":342.8,"endTime":346.12,"body":"sea lochs, all within 30 miles of home."},{"startTime":347.44,"endTime":349.68,"body":"The sheer variety of habitats"},{"startTime":349.68,"endTime":352.48,"body":"provides a home to enormous numbers"},{"startTime":349.68,"endTime":352.48,"body":"of species."},{"startTime":353.48,"endTime":355.84,"body":"Scotland has upwards of 6000"},{"startTime":355.84,"endTime":359.0,"body":"known species that call it home."},{"startTime":359.0,"endTime":361.32,"body":"The law of averages says we must have"},{"startTime":361.32,"endTime":364.0,"body":"at least 1000 species on our doorstep."},{"startTime":364.76,"endTime":368.12,"body":"When you think about it,"},{"startTime":364.76,"endTime":368.12,"body":"we can probably only identify"},{"startTime":368.12,"endTime":370.84,"body":"about 100 to 200 at the most."},{"startTime":371.64,"endTime":375.52,"body":"Only 10%"},{"startTime":371.64,"endTime":375.52,"body":"or less of what is living on our doorstep."},{"startTime":376.4,"endTime":379.8,"body":"If you're not living in Scotland,"},{"startTime":376.4,"endTime":379.8,"body":"you may not be quite so lucky."},{"startTime":380.52,"endTime":383.24,"body":"But at a guess, I reckon"},{"startTime":380.52,"endTime":383.24,"body":"most people will have"},{"startTime":383.24,"endTime":386.84,"body":"a few hundred species,"},{"startTime":383.24,"endTime":386.84,"body":"if not the thousands, on their doorstep."},{"startTime":387.16,"endTime":391.24,"body":"It's just a case of visiting"},{"startTime":387.16,"endTime":391.24,"body":"different habitats and looking about."},{"startTime":392.44,"endTime":394.48,"body":"Do you live in an urban area?"},{"startTime":394.48,"endTime":397.6,"body":"I'll bet you thinking"},{"startTime":394.48,"endTime":397.6,"body":"I don't have any nature around me."},{"startTime":397.68,"endTime":399.92,"body":"Well, think again. Look around you"},{"startTime":401.56,"endTime":402.52,"body":"with a bit of looking."},{"startTime":402.52,"endTime":404.12,"body":"You should be able to find plants"},{"startTime":404.12,"endTime":406.96,"body":"and animals"},{"startTime":404.12,"endTime":406.96,"body":"that make their home, in our urban world."},{"startTime":408.24,"endTime":410.96,"body":"Nature"},{"startTime":408.24,"endTime":410.96,"body":"is not going to let those rich pickings."},{"startTime":411.4,"endTime":414.28,"body":"Even the most"},{"startTime":411.4,"endTime":414.28,"body":"seemingly inhospitable places"},{"startTime":414.92,"endTime":417.64,"body":"not have a colony or two exploiters."},{"startTime":417.64,"endTime":420.72,"body":"You may think, it's impossible"},{"startTime":417.64,"endTime":420.72,"body":"for anything"},{"startTime":420.72,"endTime":423.56,"body":"to do with nature"},{"startTime":420.72,"endTime":423.56,"body":"to live in your local patch."},{"startTime":424.08,"endTime":428.88,"body":"Our cities and urban spaces are now so"},{"startTime":424.08,"endTime":428.88,"body":"large, and numerous, they are squeezing"},{"startTime":428.88,"endTime":433.08,"body":"our wild lands and the animals"},{"startTime":428.88,"endTime":433.08,"body":"into smaller and smaller areas."},{"startTime":433.76,"endTime":437.32,"body":"This has meant"},{"startTime":433.76,"endTime":437.32,"body":"that many of what we classed as wildlife"},{"startTime":437.64,"endTime":440.64,"body":"has now moved into our cities"},{"startTime":437.64,"endTime":440.64,"body":"to share our lives."},{"startTime":442.24,"endTime":443.64,"body":"Many of our cities"},{"startTime":443.64,"endTime":446.36,"body":"now have a resident population"},{"startTime":443.64,"endTime":446.36,"body":"of top predators"},{"startTime":447.16,"endTime":450.72,"body":"who have moved in to take advantage"},{"startTime":447.16,"endTime":450.72,"body":"of the things we throw away every day."},{"startTime":451.52,"endTime":453.92,"body":"The skies above your head may host"},{"startTime":453.92,"endTime":456.36,"body":"birds of prey hunting pigeons."},{"startTime":457.0,"endTime":461.48,"body":"Those pigeons are so numerous because"},{"startTime":457.0,"endTime":461.48,"body":"they feed on scraps of burger and chips."},{"startTime":461.68,"endTime":466.0,"body":"We discard by the ton"},{"startTime":461.68,"endTime":466.0,"body":"every day in our urban areas."},{"startTime":466.0,"endTime":468.4,"body":"Venture out after dark."},{"startTime":468.64,"endTime":472.32,"body":"Remembering to be careful of the human"},{"startTime":468.64,"endTime":472.32,"body":"predators that stalk the night."},{"startTime":473.04,"endTime":477.36,"body":"You’ll find that the turning of the day"},{"startTime":473.04,"endTime":477.36,"body":"and night shift is just starting."},{"startTime":477.68,"endTime":482.16,"body":"Animals that roam the streets by day"},{"startTime":477.68,"endTime":482.16,"body":"arresting a new ecosystem"},{"startTime":482.16,"endTime":485.64,"body":"is starting its shift in the city"},{"startTime":482.16,"endTime":485.64,"body":"that doesn't sleep."},{"startTime":486.36,"endTime":489.48,"body":"The vantage of a local patch"},{"startTime":486.36,"endTime":489.48,"body":"is that it's close enough."},{"startTime":489.48,"endTime":494.52,"body":"You can visit every day rather than just"},{"startTime":489.48,"endTime":494.52,"body":"once a year or every few years."},{"startTime":495.8,"endTime":497.48,"body":"It's a big advantage."},{"startTime":497.48,"endTime":499.48,"body":"Walking and cycling to your local patch"},{"startTime":499.92,"endTime":502.88,"body":"is helping towards"},{"startTime":499.92,"endTime":502.88,"body":"reversing climate change."},{"startTime":503.28,"endTime":506.24,"body":"Walk and you have almost"},{"startTime":503.28,"endTime":506.24,"body":"a zero carbon footprint."},{"startTime":506.64,"endTime":509.12,"body":"If you must use some form"},{"startTime":506.64,"endTime":509.12,"body":"of motorized transport,"},{"startTime":509.48,"endTime":511.68,"body":"at least your journey"},{"startTime":509.48,"endTime":511.68,"body":"is going to be short."},{"startTime":513.12,"endTime":515.04,"body":"It can't be said often enough."},{"startTime":515.04,"endTime":518.88,"body":"Being familiar with a habitat"},{"startTime":515.04,"endTime":518.88,"body":"gives you a tremendous advantages"},{"startTime":519.32,"endTime":522.12,"body":"over somewhere new. Visit regularly"},{"startTime":522.12,"endTime":525.48,"body":"and you build your knowledge about what"},{"startTime":522.12,"endTime":525.48,"body":"and where you see things."},{"startTime":525.96,"endTime":527.96,"body":"You grow familiar with your environment."},{"startTime":528.48,"endTime":530.04,"body":"Familiar is helpful."},{"startTime":530.04,"endTime":534.0,"body":"It allows you to spot changes"},{"startTime":530.04,"endTime":534.0,"body":"a lot quicker than if it's all new to you."},{"startTime":535.12,"endTime":538.92,"body":"As a species, we're not great"},{"startTime":535.12,"endTime":538.92,"body":"at detecting changes in our environment."},{"startTime":539.36,"endTime":543.12,"body":"It even has a scientific name"},{"startTime":539.36,"endTime":543.12,"body":"“Change Blindness”."},{"startTime":543.88,"endTime":545.52,"body":"Why is this?"},{"startTime":545.52,"endTime":548.52,"body":"Have you ever seen one of those puzzles"},{"startTime":545.52,"endTime":548.52,"body":"where you have two pictures"},{"startTime":548.52,"endTime":550.04,"body":"or drawings to look at?"},{"startTime":550.04,"endTime":552.48,"body":"You try and spot the difference"},{"startTime":550.04,"endTime":552.48,"body":"between the pictures"},{"startTime":552.92,"endTime":556.64,"body":"or perhaps another type of puzzle,"},{"startTime":552.92,"endTime":556.64,"body":"where you spot the penguin"},{"startTime":556.64,"endTime":559.2,"body":"wearing the crown"},{"startTime":556.64,"endTime":559.2,"body":"and a colony of penguins."},{"startTime":559.92,"endTime":562.68,"body":"You find a lot of these examples"},{"startTime":559.92,"endTime":562.68,"body":"out there on the Internet."},{"startTime":563.08,"endTime":564.6,"body":"Go and try a few."},{"startTime":564.6,"endTime":568.2,"body":"You will see that as a species, we're"},{"startTime":564.6,"endTime":568.2,"body":"not great at spotting the difference."},{"startTime":568.84,"endTime":572.84,"body":"That's because although we dedicate"},{"startTime":568.84,"endTime":572.84,"body":"about a third of our brains to vision,"},{"startTime":573.24,"endTime":577.56,"body":"even this huge amount of processing power,"},{"startTime":573.24,"endTime":577.56,"body":"we can't and don't see an"},{"startTime":577.56,"endTime":579.12,"body":"inverted commas, everything."},{"startTime":580.08,"endTime":582.6,"body":"What do you think you see you don't."},{"startTime":582.6,"endTime":584.64,"body":"You make it up as you go along."},{"startTime":584.64,"endTime":586.08,"body":"We see very little."},{"startTime":586.08,"endTime":588.48,"body":"Something you learn very quickly"},{"startTime":586.08,"endTime":588.48,"body":"as a photographer."},{"startTime":589.16,"endTime":592.48,"body":"What people think they see"},{"startTime":589.16,"endTime":592.48,"body":"is not actually what they see."},{"startTime":592.76,"endTime":594.92,"body":"If you see what I mean, I think."},{"startTime":595.68,"endTime":600.64,"body":"Visual information from your eyes"},{"startTime":595.68,"endTime":600.64,"body":"passes to your brain via the optic nerve."},{"startTime":601.08,"endTime":604.84,"body":"It arrives at the visual cortex"},{"startTime":601.08,"endTime":604.84,"body":"and a specialist vision"},{"startTime":604.84,"endTime":608.12,"body":"processing center"},{"startTime":604.84,"endTime":608.12,"body":"located at the rear of your brain."},{"startTime":609.12,"endTime":613.68,"body":"In the visual cortex, specialist neurons"},{"startTime":609.12,"endTime":613.68,"body":"called feature detector neurons."},{"startTime":614.08,"endTime":617.48,"body":"These look for things like angles,"},{"startTime":614.08,"endTime":617.48,"body":"shapes, edges or movements."},{"startTime":617.96,"endTime":620.8,"body":"Each detect"},{"startTime":617.96,"endTime":620.8,"body":"a neuron performing a specialist function."},{"startTime":621.56,"endTime":624.68,"body":"If you have a blue square"},{"startTime":621.56,"endTime":624.68,"body":"in your field of vision, it will be"},{"startTime":624.68,"endTime":629.04,"body":"processed by parallel horizontal"},{"startTime":624.68,"endTime":629.04,"body":"and vertical neuron line detectors."},{"startTime":629.44,"endTime":632.72,"body":"Blue color feature"},{"startTime":629.44,"endTime":632.72,"body":"neuron detectors will also fire"},{"startTime":633.52,"endTime":635.48,"body":"because all these neurons have fired."},{"startTime":635.48,"endTime":639.84,"body":"The information is noted pass"},{"startTime":635.48,"endTime":639.84,"body":"to another part of your visual cortex."},{"startTime":640.56,"endTime":644.44,"body":"Here, more specialist neurons compare"},{"startTime":640.56,"endTime":644.44,"body":"what neurons have fired,"},{"startTime":644.44,"endTime":646.92,"body":"and for the want of a better analogy,"},{"startTime":647.48,"endTime":651.0,"body":"they compare the firing sequence"},{"startTime":647.48,"endTime":651.0,"body":"to a set of known patterns."},{"startTime":651.64,"endTime":653.68,"body":"It's a bit like a database of shapes"},{"startTime":654.0,"endTime":656.76,"body":"you already know"},{"startTime":654.0,"endTime":656.76,"body":"and have experienced before"},{"startTime":657.96,"endTime":660.08,"body":"a burst of neuron activity."},{"startTime":660.08,"endTime":662.12,"body":"And you know"},{"startTime":660.08,"endTime":662.12,"body":"you're looking at a blue square,"},{"startTime":663.04,"endTime":665.2,"body":"not because you looked at it carefully."},{"startTime":665.2,"endTime":669.56,"body":"No, because it looks enough like all the"},{"startTime":665.2,"endTime":669.56,"body":"other blue squares you have ever seen."},{"startTime":670.92,"endTime":672.96,"body":"When you look at a scene,"},{"startTime":670.92,"endTime":672.96,"body":"you're probably only actually"},{"startTime":672.96,"endTime":675.44,"body":"seeing any detail"},{"startTime":672.96,"endTime":675.44,"body":"in a few percent of the whole."},{"startTime":676.04,"endTime":679.8,"body":"The rest is an illusion, a deception"},{"startTime":676.04,"endTime":679.8,"body":"your brain has concocted."},{"startTime":680.76,"endTime":682.8,"body":"The reason for this is very simple."},{"startTime":682.8,"endTime":683.68,"body":"Without your brain"},{"startTime":683.68,"endTime":687.12,"body":"making things up, you wouldn't"},{"startTime":683.68,"endTime":687.12,"body":"be able to move about at any speed."},{"startTime":687.72,"endTime":690.92,"body":"The amount of brainpower needed"},{"startTime":687.72,"endTime":690.92,"body":"to process everything in your vision"},{"startTime":690.92,"endTime":694.24,"body":"without this system"},{"startTime":690.92,"endTime":694.24,"body":"would take hours to process."},{"startTime":694.84,"endTime":697.76,"body":"One step would be an immense effort"},{"startTime":694.84,"endTime":697.76,"body":"and take minutes"},{"startTime":697.76,"endTime":701.24,"body":"before your brain could declare"},{"startTime":697.76,"endTime":701.24,"body":"it safe to move forward."},{"startTime":701.68,"endTime":704.76,"body":"Your brain would have to look"},{"startTime":701.68,"endTime":704.76,"body":"at everything in your vision and identify"},{"startTime":704.76,"endTime":708.24,"body":"it label and fix it in 3D space"},{"startTime":704.76,"endTime":708.24,"body":"and move to the next object."},{"startTime":709.96,"endTime":710.88,"body":"Some of these feature"},{"startTime":710.88,"endTime":715.24,"body":"detectors are turned to respond"},{"startTime":710.88,"endTime":715.24,"body":"to particularly important objects,"},{"startTime":715.52,"endTime":718.4,"body":"faces, smiles"},{"startTime":715.52,"endTime":718.4,"body":"and other parts of the human body."},{"startTime":718.8,"endTime":722.76,"body":"Your visual cortex has learned"},{"startTime":718.8,"endTime":722.76,"body":"a vast amount about your fellow humans"},{"startTime":723.32,"endTime":727.28,"body":"and the environment we all occupy to speed"},{"startTime":723.32,"endTime":727.28,"body":"vision processing up."},{"startTime":727.92,"endTime":731.44,"body":"You also continue to train your feature"},{"startTime":727.92,"endTime":731.44,"body":"detectors throughout your life."},{"startTime":732.88,"endTime":735.96,"body":"This is where going somewhere"},{"startTime":732.88,"endTime":735.96,"body":"frequently comes into play."},{"startTime":736.88,"endTime":739.24,"body":"The more you absorb"},{"startTime":736.88,"endTime":739.24,"body":"the look of an environment,"},{"startTime":739.72,"endTime":743.52,"body":"the more your feature detectors"},{"startTime":739.72,"endTime":743.52,"body":"learn how to recognize the unfamiliar."},{"startTime":744.84,"endTime":747.12,"body":"This is one of the reasons"},{"startTime":744.84,"endTime":747.12,"body":"why local guides"},{"startTime":747.12,"endTime":749.72,"body":"can spot a game in the Mara"},{"startTime":747.12,"endTime":749.72,"body":"at a great distance."},{"startTime":750.16,"endTime":754.68,"body":"Their feature detectors have been trained"},{"startTime":750.16,"endTime":754.68,"body":"by a living in the environment."},{"startTime":755.28,"endTime":756.56,"body":"Their ability to spot"},{"startTime":756.56,"endTime":760.4,"body":"what is different very quickly"},{"startTime":756.56,"endTime":760.4,"body":"makes them expert at finding game."},{"startTime":761.04,"endTime":765.76,"body":"Their brains ignore the landscape"},{"startTime":761.04,"endTime":765.76,"body":"and seeing clearly the animals present."},{"startTime":767.0,"endTime":767.96,"body":"You look out to"},{"startTime":767.96,"endTime":771.64,"body":"the horizon and all you see"},{"startTime":767.96,"endTime":771.64,"body":"an unfamiliar landscape."},{"startTime":771.72,"endTime":774.76,"body":"Familiarity"},{"startTime":771.72,"endTime":774.76,"body":"training works with most of our senses."},{"startTime":775.16,"endTime":778.44,"body":"When something is different or unusual,"},{"startTime":775.16,"endTime":778.44,"body":"we notice it straight away."},{"startTime":779.04,"endTime":782.36,"body":"It's a matter of training."},{"startTime":782.36,"endTime":785.92,"body":"How much different"},{"startTime":782.36,"endTime":785.92,"body":"it needs to be before we react is in part"},{"startTime":785.92,"endTime":788.6,"body":"due to the familiarity"},{"startTime":785.92,"endTime":788.6,"body":"and long term exposure."},{"startTime":789.32,"endTime":793.92,"body":"After all, it's how our ancestors avoided"},{"startTime":789.32,"endTime":793.92,"body":"getting eaten on the plains of Africa."},{"startTime":794.76,"endTime":797.04,"body":"Visit your local patch often enough."},{"startTime":797.96,"endTime":800.96,"body":"It builds your visual and other detectors?"},{"startTime":801.36,"endTime":804.52,"body":"Being attuned with the environment helps"},{"startTime":801.36,"endTime":804.52,"body":"you spot new things"},{"startTime":805.12,"endTime":807.24,"body":"as well as getting to know"},{"startTime":805.12,"endTime":807.24,"body":"your patch physically."},{"startTime":807.44,"endTime":810.04,"body":"Try and read up about what you expect"},{"startTime":807.44,"endTime":810.04,"body":"to see."},{"startTime":810.4,"endTime":814.12,"body":"Good to know the flora and fauna"},{"startTime":810.4,"endTime":814.12,"body":"you can encounter while on your patch."},{"startTime":815.04,"endTime":817.52,"body":"Get to know the seasonal changes."},{"startTime":817.52,"endTime":819.96,"body":"We have a temperate climate in the UK"},{"startTime":820.36,"endTime":822.96,"body":"with four distinct seasons."},{"startTime":822.96,"endTime":826.04,"body":"Autumn is season of change"},{"startTime":822.96,"endTime":826.04,"body":"deciduous trees,"},{"startTime":826.04,"endTime":828.44,"body":"lose their leaves"},{"startTime":826.04,"endTime":828.44,"body":"and the onset of the colder weather."},{"startTime":829.32,"endTime":832.96,"body":"Time for summer visitors"},{"startTime":829.32,"endTime":832.96,"body":"to find warmer places to spend the winter"},{"startTime":833.4,"endTime":835.96,"body":"one with a plentiful supply of food"},{"startTime":833.4,"endTime":835.96,"body":"further south."},{"startTime":836.28,"endTime":837.24,"body":"At this time of year,"},{"startTime":837.24,"endTime":840.68,"body":"the winter migrants start to arrive"},{"startTime":837.24,"endTime":840.68,"body":"from the colder northern lands."},{"startTime":841.32,"endTime":843.72,"body":"If you're a bird watcher"},{"startTime":841.32,"endTime":843.72,"body":"or a bird photographer,"},{"startTime":844.16,"endTime":847.04,"body":"get to know what species"},{"startTime":844.16,"endTime":847.04,"body":"birds are likely to be seen."},{"startTime":847.72,"endTime":851.04,"body":"A good example is the Red Wings,"},{"startTime":851.04,"endTime":853.84,"body":"a small thrush,"},{"startTime":851.04,"endTime":853.84,"body":"a visit to the UK in winter."},{"startTime":854.12,"endTime":857.36,"body":"It spends the summer breeding in Iceland"},{"startTime":854.12,"endTime":857.36,"body":"and Scandinavia"},{"startTime":858.12,"endTime":861.48,"body":"because it feeds on insects and berries."},{"startTime":861.48,"endTime":866.28,"body":"It needs to migrate south to avoid"},{"startTime":861.48,"endTime":866.28,"body":"the harsh northern winters On autumn"},{"startTime":866.28,"endTime":870.8,"body":"nights from late September to October,"},{"startTime":866.28,"endTime":870.8,"body":"they make the journey to the UK."},{"startTime":871.24,"endTime":874.44,"body":"During the winter, they're a common bird"},{"startTime":871.24,"endTime":874.44,"body":"roaming the countryside"},{"startTime":874.44,"endTime":877.76,"body":"looking for berries"},{"startTime":874.44,"endTime":877.76,"body":"and the last of the remaining insects."},{"startTime":878.48,"endTime":882.6,"body":"By March or April, they will have returned"},{"startTime":878.48,"endTime":882.6,"body":"to their breeding grounds in the north."},{"startTime":883.08,"endTime":886.44,"body":"While they're here it's your chance"},{"startTime":883.08,"endTime":886.44,"body":"to see and photograph them."},{"startTime":887.0,"endTime":889.44,"body":"If you know where trees with berries"},{"startTime":889.44,"endTime":893.56,"body":"like Rowan are to be found,"},{"startTime":889.44,"endTime":893.56,"body":"you can go and stake out the locality."},{"startTime":893.88,"endTime":896.2,"body":"You may be able to catch"},{"startTime":893.88,"endTime":896.2,"body":"a glimpse of a Red Wing."},{"startTime":897.48,"endTime":900.0,"body":"Perhaps ornithology is not your thing."},{"startTime":900.0,"endTime":902.8,"body":"Whatever species you are interested"},{"startTime":900.0,"endTime":902.8,"body":"in, get to know"},{"startTime":902.8,"endTime":905.92,"body":"as much as you can about behavior"},{"startTime":902.8,"endTime":905.92,"body":"and seasonal differences."},{"startTime":907.12,"endTime":909.24,"body":"If, like asked,"},{"startTime":907.12,"endTime":909.24,"body":"you're more of a generalist"},{"startTime":909.76,"endTime":914.0,"body":"with a passion for all things natural,"},{"startTime":909.76,"endTime":914.0,"body":"then you need to do a lot more reading."},{"startTime":914.68,"endTime":917.24,"body":"If you see something recorded, take"},{"startTime":917.24,"endTime":920.12,"body":"the opportunity to learn"},{"startTime":917.24,"endTime":920.12,"body":"about what you've seen."},{"startTime":920.56,"endTime":922.72,"body":"Over time, your knowledge builds."},{"startTime":923.16,"endTime":926.56,"body":"Knowledge is your best chance"},{"startTime":923.16,"endTime":926.56,"body":"of seeing more wildlife and nature."},{"startTime":927.16,"endTime":929.4,"body":"Know what you could be looking for"},{"startTime":929.4,"endTime":932.28,"body":"and what it is"},{"startTime":929.4,"endTime":932.28,"body":"it should be visible at this time of year."},{"startTime":933.16,"endTime":935.56,"body":"Visit your local patch all times of day."},{"startTime":935.96,"endTime":939.24,"body":"Several visits in the wee"},{"startTime":935.96,"endTime":939.24,"body":"small hours can be very productive."},{"startTime":940.08,"endTime":943.56,"body":"Nocturnal species of all kinds"},{"startTime":940.08,"endTime":943.56,"body":"are a wonder from bats"},{"startTime":943.56,"endTime":946.6,"body":"flying and catching insects"},{"startTime":943.56,"endTime":946.6,"body":"to mammals and birds"},{"startTime":946.6,"endTime":949.72,"body":"that use the cover of dark"},{"startTime":946.6,"endTime":949.72,"body":"to avoid competition and predators."},{"startTime":950.28,"endTime":953.16,"body":"It's a world that very few people"},{"startTime":950.28,"endTime":953.16,"body":"bother to investigate,"},{"startTime":953.76,"endTime":957.36,"body":"but it can be a great source of delight"},{"startTime":953.76,"endTime":957.36,"body":"to see something that few other people"},{"startTime":957.36,"endTime":958.84,"body":"will have witnessed firsthand."},{"startTime":960.24,"endTime":962.48,"body":"Wind, rain, sun and snow."},{"startTime":962.48,"endTime":964.32,"body":"A typical Scottish day."},{"startTime":964.32,"endTime":968.44,"body":"Just like us, weather is an important"},{"startTime":964.32,"endTime":968.44,"body":"factor in the lives of wildlife."},{"startTime":968.88,"endTime":972.48,"body":"Some weather makes it very easy"},{"startTime":968.88,"endTime":972.48,"body":"to not make it out of the house."},{"startTime":972.48,"endTime":975.92,"body":"But as the famous saying"},{"startTime":972.48,"endTime":975.92,"body":"goes, it's never the wrong weather,"},{"startTime":976.36,"endTime":978.28,"body":"just the wrong clothing."},{"startTime":978.28,"endTime":981.04,"body":"Witness"},{"startTime":978.28,"endTime":981.04,"body":"the seasonal changes on your local patch."},{"startTime":981.24,"endTime":982.4,"body":"Learn what is out there."},{"startTime":982.4,"endTime":985.52,"body":"365 days a year."},{"startTime":985.52,"endTime":987.64,"body":"A tip we use all the time."},{"startTime":987.96,"endTime":990.12,"body":"We carry around a series of cards"},{"startTime":990.52,"endTime":993.48,"body":"to remind us what could be active"},{"startTime":990.52,"endTime":993.48,"body":"at a particular time of year."},{"startTime":994.0,"endTime":998.04,"body":"They also contain information"},{"startTime":994.0,"endTime":998.04,"body":"about life cycles of certain species."},{"startTime":998.8,"endTime":1000.68,"body":"The cards are stored on our phones,"},{"startTime":1000.68,"endTime":1003.04,"body":"allowing us to know"},{"startTime":1000.68,"endTime":1003.04,"body":"what we're probably going to see."},{"startTime":1003.68,"endTime":1007.28,"body":"Information like being on the lookout"},{"startTime":1003.68,"endTime":1007.28,"body":"in early spring for bat"},{"startTime":1007.28,"endTime":1009.08,"body":"just emerged from their winter roost."},{"startTime":1010.16,"endTime":1011.84,"body":"They may be active on warmer nights"},{"startTime":1012.24,"endTime":1015.76,"body":"perhaps, only for a few minutes before"},{"startTime":1012.24,"endTime":1015.76,"body":"returning to the warmth of the roost."},{"startTime":1016.2,"endTime":1020.72,"body":"Or may be the Bog asphodel should be"},{"startTime":1016.2,"endTime":1020.72,"body":"coming into flower in the following weeks."},{"startTime":1021.88,"endTime":1024.16,"body":"These cards"},{"startTime":1021.88,"endTime":1024.16,"body":"have been built up over the years"},{"startTime":1024.16,"endTime":1026.36,"body":"and are very specific to our local patch."},{"startTime":1027.44,"endTime":1029.44,"body":"They account for the prevailing climate"},{"startTime":1029.44,"endTime":1033.04,"body":"and altitude of where we live."},{"startTime":1033.28,"endTime":1037.32,"body":"We also keep them up to date,"},{"startTime":1033.28,"endTime":1037.32,"body":"adding information as and when it changes,"},{"startTime":1037.72,"endTime":1041.24,"body":"or new research sheds"},{"startTime":1037.72,"endTime":1041.24,"body":"light on some aspect of the life cycle."},{"startTime":1041.84,"endTime":1045.12,"body":"New information is being produced"},{"startTime":1041.84,"endTime":1045.12,"body":"at almost a monthly basis."},{"startTime":1046.0,"endTime":1049.16,"body":"So slow down and look around."},{"startTime":1049.16,"endTime":1050.08,"body":"Don't take the dog."},{"startTime":1050.08,"endTime":1053.92,"body":"Especially if you've a very active dog,"},{"startTime":1050.08,"endTime":1053.92,"body":"not used to sitting around for hours"},{"startTime":1053.92,"endTime":1055.4,"body":"doing nothing."},{"startTime":1055.44,"endTime":1058.84,"body":"You need to concentrate on one"},{"startTime":1055.44,"endTime":1058.84,"body":"thing, not on a distraction."},{"startTime":1060.04,"endTime":1061.88,"body":"When you arrive at your local patch."},{"startTime":1061.88,"endTime":1064.4,"body":"Here are a few things you should be doing."},{"startTime":1064.4,"endTime":1066.68,"body":"Take a note of the prevailing"},{"startTime":1064.4,"endTime":1066.68,"body":"wind direction."},{"startTime":1067.28,"endTime":1070.04,"body":"If you're looking for mammals,"},{"startTime":1067.28,"endTime":1070.04,"body":"wind direction is important."},{"startTime":1070.72,"endTime":1074.64,"body":"You need to approach from downwind"},{"startTime":1070.72,"endTime":1074.64,"body":"and with the wind in your face."},{"startTime":1075.24,"endTime":1077.96,"body":"You’re scent is being a blown away"},{"startTime":1075.24,"endTime":1077.96,"body":"from your subject."},{"startTime":1077.96,"endTime":1082.16,"body":"With scent sensitive species"},{"startTime":1077.96,"endTime":1082.16,"body":"you need to plan your route."},{"startTime":1082.4,"endTime":1084.44,"body":"Bearing in mind the wind direction."},{"startTime":1084.44,"endTime":1086.44,"body":"This is where local knowledge is key."},{"startTime":1087.28,"endTime":1090.52,"body":"You will know how to skirt around"},{"startTime":1087.28,"endTime":1090.52,"body":"the most likely productive area"},{"startTime":1090.52,"endTime":1093.44,"body":"and approach from downwind."},{"startTime":1093.92,"endTime":1096.48,"body":"What's the time of day"},{"startTime":1093.92,"endTime":1096.48,"body":"and the weather conditions when you visit?"},{"startTime":1097.64,"endTime":1099.56,"body":"These play an important part."},{"startTime":1099.56,"endTime":1102.72,"body":"Light and temperature levels determine"},{"startTime":1099.56,"endTime":1102.72,"body":"what you're likely to see."},{"startTime":1103.64,"endTime":1107.6,"body":"Cold blooded reptiles and insects"},{"startTime":1103.64,"endTime":1107.6,"body":"are not very active in the early mornings."},{"startTime":1108.56,"endTime":1111.72,"body":"Being cold blooded, they need to warm up"},{"startTime":1108.56,"endTime":1111.72,"body":"before starting the day."},{"startTime":1112.44,"endTime":1114.96,"body":"So early"},{"startTime":1112.44,"endTime":1114.96,"body":"mornings are a great time for observing."},{"startTime":1115.44,"endTime":1118.08,"body":"Cooler mornings, slow your subjects down"},{"startTime":1118.28,"endTime":1121.48,"body":"in a few hours time or you're going to see"},{"startTime":1118.28,"endTime":1121.48,"body":"a flash of movement."},{"startTime":1122.32,"endTime":1124.84,"body":"At the start of the day,"},{"startTime":1122.32,"endTime":1124.84,"body":"the cold is your friend."},{"startTime":1125.16,"endTime":1126.56,"body":"Everything is going to be waiting"},{"startTime":1126.56,"endTime":1129.6,"body":"on the sun's rays"},{"startTime":1126.56,"endTime":1129.6,"body":"to warm up to operating temperature."},{"startTime":1130.28,"endTime":1133.64,"body":"Find an area where the sun is"},{"startTime":1130.28,"endTime":1133.64,"body":"just starting to warm up the environment."},{"startTime":1134.2,"endTime":1137.84,"body":"You may find insects or reptiles"},{"startTime":1134.2,"endTime":1137.84,"body":"sunbathing, overcoming"},{"startTime":1137.84,"endTime":1139.32,"body":"the cold of the night."},{"startTime":1139.32,"endTime":1141.92,"body":"Getting up to temperature"},{"startTime":1139.32,"endTime":1141.92,"body":"to start the day's activity."},{"startTime":1143.24,"endTime":1145.52,"body":"Even if"},{"startTime":1143.24,"endTime":1145.52,"body":"butterflies are already on the wing."},{"startTime":1145.96,"endTime":1149.0,"body":"They fly a lot slower in the early morning"},{"startTime":1145.96,"endTime":1149.0,"body":"cold."},{"startTime":1149.56,"endTime":1153.0,"body":"By midday"},{"startTime":1149.56,"endTime":1153.0,"body":"the heat means they are able to fly faster"},{"startTime":1153.48,"endTime":1155.8,"body":"and it makes them more difficult"},{"startTime":1153.48,"endTime":1155.8,"body":"to see and photograph."},{"startTime":1157.36,"endTime":1160.24,"body":"Different weather events"},{"startTime":1157.36,"endTime":1160.24,"body":"affect your local patch."},{"startTime":1160.68,"endTime":1163.84,"body":"Heavy falls of rain"},{"startTime":1160.68,"endTime":1163.84,"body":"or snow are going to change its habitat."},{"startTime":1165.32,"endTime":1167.16,"body":"One of the joys is knowing"},{"startTime":1167.16,"endTime":1169.76,"body":"what the changing weather brings."},{"startTime":1170.24,"endTime":1173.76,"body":"We have several rivers that are breeding"},{"startTime":1170.24,"endTime":1173.76,"body":"grounds for Atlantic salmon."},{"startTime":1174.52,"endTime":1176.16,"body":"The returning adults are trying"},{"startTime":1176.16,"endTime":1179.04,"body":"to reach the headwaters"},{"startTime":1176.16,"endTime":1179.04,"body":"to complete their breeding cycle."},{"startTime":1179.84,"endTime":1182.56,"body":"To navigate the small, shallow streams"},{"startTime":1179.84,"endTime":1182.56,"body":"where they will"},{"startTime":1182.56,"endTime":1185.6,"body":"lay their eggs"},{"startTime":1182.56,"endTime":1185.6,"body":"or jump waterfalls in the main course."},{"startTime":1185.84,"endTime":1190.64,"body":"They need plenty of water at the right"},{"startTime":1185.84,"endTime":1190.64,"body":"times of year, just after heavy rain."},{"startTime":1191.0,"endTime":1194.4,"body":"Is the time to go out"},{"startTime":1191.0,"endTime":1194.4,"body":"and watch adult Salmon, jumping the falls."},{"startTime":1195.08,"endTime":1198.32,"body":"Without enough water going over the falls,"},{"startTime":1195.08,"endTime":1198.32,"body":"the salmon will wait"},{"startTime":1198.32,"endTime":1201.92,"body":"below, the falls in pools"},{"startTime":1198.32,"endTime":1201.92,"body":"and you'll be lucky to see one."},{"startTime":1202.44,"endTime":1205.88,"body":"Geology, by which I mean the structure"},{"startTime":1202.44,"endTime":1205.88,"body":"of the earth on or beneath"},{"startTime":1205.88,"endTime":1210.92,"body":"its surface is an important factor"},{"startTime":1205.88,"endTime":1210.92,"body":"in the topology of your local patch."},{"startTime":1211.64,"endTime":1213.64,"body":"Geology determines soil type."},{"startTime":1214.28,"endTime":1216.52,"body":"It also determines its altitude."},{"startTime":1216.8,"endTime":1219.72,"body":"This influences the length of the season,"},{"startTime":1216.8,"endTime":1219.72,"body":"its rainfall."},{"startTime":1220.32,"endTime":1222.84,"body":"All this influences"},{"startTime":1220.32,"endTime":1222.84,"body":"the flora that grows there."},{"startTime":1223.52,"endTime":1226.28,"body":"Knowing what plants is growing"},{"startTime":1223.52,"endTime":1226.28,"body":"can be vital."},{"startTime":1226.96,"endTime":1229.32,"body":"Not just because you want"},{"startTime":1226.96,"endTime":1229.32,"body":"to photograph the plants."},{"startTime":1230.56,"endTime":1231.76,"body":"But in the animal"},{"startTime":1231.76,"endTime":1235.28,"body":"kingdom, many species have developed"},{"startTime":1231.76,"endTime":1235.28,"body":"a relationship with plants."},{"startTime":1235.92,"endTime":1239.36,"body":"In some cases you find a"},{"startTime":1235.92,"endTime":1239.36,"body":"species has a preferred food plant"},{"startTime":1240.08,"endTime":1243.28,"body":"to make sure offspring have enough to eat,"},{"startTime":1240.08,"endTime":1243.28,"body":"adults"},{"startTime":1243.28,"endTime":1246.04,"body":"will lay their eggs"},{"startTime":1243.28,"endTime":1246.04,"body":"only on one species of plant."},{"startTime":1247.04,"endTime":1250.88,"body":"Availability of certain plants"},{"startTime":1247.04,"endTime":1250.88,"body":"can be key to work out where to look."},{"startTime":1251.88,"endTime":1253.76,"body":"Identification is the key."},{"startTime":1253.76,"endTime":1257.16,"body":"Knowing what grows"},{"startTime":1253.76,"endTime":1257.16,"body":"where saves you a lot of time and effort."},{"startTime":1258.24,"endTime":1262.16,"body":"Where we used to live,"},{"startTime":1258.24,"endTime":1262.16,"body":"we wanted to photograph the brown hair"},{"startTime":1262.16,"endTime":1264.2,"body":"streak butterfly."},{"startTime":1264.24,"endTime":1266.36,"body":"Which are quite rare in southern England."},{"startTime":1267.32,"endTime":1271.28,"body":"A wood near Oxford is well known for"},{"startTime":1267.32,"endTime":1271.28,"body":"its population of hair streak butterflies."},{"startTime":1271.88,"endTime":1274.88,"body":"It's a wood"},{"startTime":1271.88,"endTime":1274.88,"body":"we used to visit regularly, local to us."},{"startTime":1275.36,"endTime":1279.88,"body":"The larva of these butterfly species"},{"startTime":1275.36,"endTime":1279.88,"body":"feed on blackthorn and wild plum,"},{"startTime":1280.16,"endTime":1282.68,"body":"both of which grew on the site."},{"startTime":1282.68,"endTime":1286.72,"body":"But the butterflies tended to confine themselves to just a small area of the wood."},{"startTime":1287.72,"endTime":1288.96,"body":"At the right time,"},{"startTime":1288.96,"endTime":1292.08,"body":"when the adults were on the wing"},{"startTime":1288.96,"endTime":1292.08,"body":"and it was going to be a fine day."},{"startTime":1292.6,"endTime":1295.64,"body":"We would either arrive early"},{"startTime":1292.6,"endTime":1295.64,"body":"or stay late into the evening."},{"startTime":1296.68,"endTime":1299.08,"body":"The coolness of the start"},{"startTime":1296.68,"endTime":1299.08,"body":"and finish of the day"},{"startTime":1299.4,"endTime":1302.52,"body":"gave us the best chance of butterflies"},{"startTime":1299.4,"endTime":1302.52,"body":"being a bit slower."},{"startTime":1303.24,"endTime":1305.52,"body":"Knowing the reserve meant"},{"startTime":1303.24,"endTime":1305.52,"body":"we knew where we had to."},{"startTime":1305.52,"endTime":1308.0,"body":"The best chance to photograph"},{"startTime":1305.52,"endTime":1308.0,"body":"the adult butterflies."},{"startTime":1308.68,"endTime":1312.08,"body":"Countless visits are giving us"},{"startTime":1308.68,"endTime":1312.08,"body":"the knowledge to increase our chances"},{"startTime":1312.44,"endTime":1316.52,"body":"to see or photograph these rare butterfly."},{"startTime":1318.08,"endTime":1319.76,"body":"We've looked at the benefits"},{"startTime":1319.76,"endTime":1322.76,"body":"and some of the problems"},{"startTime":1319.76,"endTime":1322.76,"body":"with keeping it local."},{"startTime":1323.72,"endTime":1325.8,"body":"You should now have a few ideas"},{"startTime":1323.72,"endTime":1325.8,"body":"about where"},{"startTime":1325.8,"endTime":1329.12,"body":"you can visit on a regular basis."},{"startTime":1329.12,"endTime":1332.92,"body":"After all, it's not like"},{"startTime":1329.12,"endTime":1332.92,"body":"you must abandon all other trips you take."},{"startTime":1332.92,"endTime":1335.96,"body":"Local is in addition to those trips."},{"startTime":1336.8,"endTime":1339.32,"body":"It keeps you fresh and looking about."},{"startTime":1339.32,"endTime":1342.56,"body":"You get to practice your observation"},{"startTime":1339.32,"endTime":1342.56,"body":"and identification skills"},{"startTime":1343.52,"endTime":1345.56,"body":"and to take a lot of new pictures."},{"startTime":1346.36,"endTime":1348.6,"body":"Local is a place to try something new."},{"startTime":1348.6,"endTime":1350.12,"body":"To experiment."},{"startTime":1350.12,"endTime":1352.96,"body":"Do something you've not tried before."},{"startTime":1352.96,"endTime":1355.16,"body":"If it’s not 100% success."},{"startTime":1355.16,"endTime":1358.12,"body":"You get to try again on your next visit"},{"startTime":1358.12,"endTime":1360.92,"body":"or learn from your earlier visits"},{"startTime":1358.12,"endTime":1360.92,"body":"and try something different."},{"startTime":1361.72,"endTime":1365.48,"body":"Better local than on a once"},{"startTime":1361.72,"endTime":1365.48,"body":"in a lifetime trip and getting it wrong."},{"startTime":1366.68,"endTime":1371.28,"body":"In most cases, local is not going to be"},{"startTime":1366.68,"endTime":1371.28,"body":"a spectacular as a planned expedition."},{"startTime":1371.96,"endTime":1374.64,"body":"Probably you're going to be working"},{"startTime":1371.96,"endTime":1374.64,"body":"on a whole different scale."},{"startTime":1375.56,"endTime":1377.72,"body":"New finds on a local patch"},{"startTime":1375.56,"endTime":1377.72,"body":"are rarely going"},{"startTime":1377.72,"endTime":1380.36,"body":"to get the adrenaline"},{"startTime":1377.72,"endTime":1380.36,"body":"pumping like a cheetah hunt."},{"startTime":1381.56,"endTime":1384.48,"body":"Having said that,"},{"startTime":1381.56,"endTime":1384.48,"body":"I still get an adrenaline rush"},{"startTime":1384.8,"endTime":1387.08,"body":"when the unusual wanders into our garden."},{"startTime":1388.44,"endTime":1391.0,"body":"After six years of seeing Badges"},{"startTime":1388.44,"endTime":1391.0,"body":"almost every night,"},{"startTime":1391.44,"endTime":1396.64,"body":"I still get excited watching the lives"},{"startTime":1391.44,"endTime":1396.64,"body":"of Wild Badgers un-fold."},{"startTime":1398.44,"endTime":1399.84,"body":"If you're into conservation,"},{"startTime":1399.84,"endTime":1402.12,"body":"look out for citizen science projects."},{"startTime":1404.2,"endTime":1406.76,"body":"Here in the UK wildlife organizations"},{"startTime":1406.76,"endTime":1410.4,"body":"ask for help from the public"},{"startTime":1406.76,"endTime":1410.4,"body":"in the gathering of scientific data."},{"startTime":1411.08,"endTime":1413.96,"body":"Some are surveys"},{"startTime":1411.08,"endTime":1413.96,"body":"you can conduct from your dining room,"},{"startTime":1414.2,"endTime":1416.84,"body":"recording bird numbers,"},{"startTime":1414.2,"endTime":1416.84,"body":"visiting your patch."},{"startTime":1417.48,"endTime":1420.88,"body":"This surveys conducted every year"},{"startTime":1417.48,"endTime":1420.88,"body":"by a large number of people."},{"startTime":1421.96,"endTime":1424.28,"body":"It gives organizations an opportunity"},{"startTime":1424.28,"endTime":1426.76,"body":"to monitor wild bird life numbers."},{"startTime":1428.12,"endTime":1431.48,"body":"If you're not into citizen science,"},{"startTime":1428.12,"endTime":1431.48,"body":"how about volunteering?"},{"startTime":1432.08,"endTime":1435.24,"body":"Many of the guardians of our wild spaces"},{"startTime":1432.08,"endTime":1435.24,"body":"rely heavily"},{"startTime":1435.24,"endTime":1439.04,"body":"on volunteers to carry out maintenance"},{"startTime":1435.24,"endTime":1439.04,"body":"and other much needed work."},{"startTime":1439.64,"endTime":1442.84,"body":"If you want to work out"},{"startTime":1439.64,"endTime":1442.84,"body":"and help at the same time,"},{"startTime":1442.84,"endTime":1446.24,"body":"go do some physical work"},{"startTime":1442.84,"endTime":1446.24,"body":"that will help your local environment."},{"startTime":1447.32,"endTime":1449.84,"body":"Why not cancel that gym membership"},{"startTime":1447.32,"endTime":1449.84,"body":"altogether?"},{"startTime":1450.0,"endTime":1454.76,"body":"Buy yourself a camera and a range"},{"startTime":1450.0,"endTime":1454.76,"body":"of lenses, put it all in a large rucksack"},{"startTime":1454.76,"endTime":1458.2,"body":"and then go and photograph small"},{"startTime":1454.76,"endTime":1458.2,"body":"wildflowers all day in the pouring rain."},{"startTime":1459.08,"endTime":1462.04,"body":"Think big, heavy pack, long walks"},{"startTime":1459.08,"endTime":1462.04,"body":"squatting down"},{"startTime":1462.04,"endTime":1465.0,"body":"to look at every flower"},{"startTime":1462.04,"endTime":1465.0,"body":"crawling on the floor."},{"startTime":1465.08,"endTime":1468.4,"body":"A bit of yoga stretching"},{"startTime":1465.08,"endTime":1468.4,"body":"to avoid damaging the local environment."},{"startTime":1469.16,"endTime":1471.64,"body":"Lifting the heavy pack from floor"},{"startTime":1469.16,"endTime":1471.64,"body":"to shoulders"},{"startTime":1472.12,"endTime":1475.6,"body":"all the while"},{"startTime":1472.12,"endTime":1475.6,"body":"whilst wearing full waterproofs."},{"startTime":1476.56,"endTime":1478.64,"body":"A workout for mind and body,"},{"startTime":1478.64,"endTime":1481.16,"body":"all in the quest of a few nice pictures."},{"startTime":1482.28,"endTime":1483.92,"body":"Are you inspired yet?"},{"startTime":1483.92,"endTime":1486.12,"body":"We do hope so, because keeping it"},{"startTime":1486.12,"endTime":1488.2,"body":"local has a lot of things to offer."},{"startTime":1489.84,"endTime":1493.52,"body":"Very often we want to venture far"},{"startTime":1489.84,"endTime":1493.52,"body":"and wide to see new things."},{"startTime":1494.28,"endTime":1496.64,"body":"Perhaps we've seen it in a book"},{"startTime":1494.28,"endTime":1496.64,"body":"or a magazine."},{"startTime":1497.36,"endTime":1500.44,"body":"All too often"},{"startTime":1497.36,"endTime":1500.44,"body":"we are seduced by the exotic, dark side"},{"startTime":1501.0,"endTime":1503.6,"body":"when the real treasures"},{"startTime":1501.0,"endTime":1503.6,"body":"are just a few steps away."},{"startTime":1504.8,"endTime":1507.24,"body":"Think of what you're missing"},{"startTime":1504.8,"endTime":1507.24,"body":"just because you don't know"},{"startTime":1507.48,"endTime":1511.12,"body":"it's there"},{"startTime":1507.48,"endTime":1511.12,"body":"and can't be asked to find out about it."},{"startTime":1512.44,"endTime":1513.52,"body":"Be brave."},{"startTime":1513.52,"endTime":1515.04,"body":"Be adventurous."},{"startTime":1515.04,"endTime":1516.8,"body":"Keep it local."},{"startTime":1517.76,"endTime":1519.8,"body":"That's the end of our podcast."},{"startTime":1519.8,"endTime":1522.8,"body":"We hope that you'll be inspired"},{"startTime":1519.8,"endTime":1522.8,"body":"to maybe try something new."},{"startTime":1523.28,"endTime":1524.84,"body":"Go out and explore locally."},{"startTime":1525.8,"endTime":1528.0,"body":"Thank you for taking the time to listen."},{"startTime":1528.0,"endTime":1530.08,"body":"My name is Mark Bloomfield."},{"startTime":1534.92,"endTime":1535.76,"body":"You've been listening"},{"startTime":1535.76,"endTime":1537.92,"body":"to a wildlife and photography podcast"},{"startTime":1538.96,"endTime":1541.76,"body":"produced by M\u0026J Bloomfield."},{"startTime":1541.76,"endTime":1544.52,"body":"For more information, details"},{"startTime":1541.76,"endTime":1544.52,"body":"about us and our work,"},{"startTime":1545.04,"endTime":1548.16,"body":"visit"},{"startTime":1545.04,"endTime":1548.16,"body":"our website at mandjbloomfield dot com."},{"startTime":1548.76,"endTime":1552.0,"body":"Thank you for listening"},{"startTime":1548.76,"endTime":1552.0,"body":"and we hope you join us again soon."},{"startTime":1552.44,"endTime":1557.04,"body":"Chun an sin,"},{"startTime":1557.04,"endTime":1561.6,"body":"mar sin leat."}]}