{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":87.35,"endTime":90.86,"body":"Kids often use"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":87.35,"endTime":90.86,"body":"negative reinforcement on us the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":90.86,"endTime":94.88,"body":"adults without us realising, by"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":90.86,"endTime":94.88,"body":"the way. If a child shouts out"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":94.88,"endTime":98.38999999999999,"body":"in class, and we immediately"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":94.88,"endTime":98.38999999999999,"body":"turn to them and give our"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":98.38999999999999,"endTime":102.38,"body":"attention, maybe by telling them"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":98.38999999999999,"endTime":102.38,"body":"they need to be polite or not"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":102.38,"endTime":106.55,"body":"shout out or whatever. And then"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":102.38,"endTime":106.55,"body":"they stop shouting out. That's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":106.55,"endTime":110.03,"body":"them using negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":106.55,"endTime":110.03,"body":"reinforcement on us. They were"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":110.03,"endTime":114.11,"body":"talking, we gave them attention,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":110.03,"endTime":114.11,"body":"they remove the talking. By"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":114.11,"endTime":118.46,"body":"stopping talking, they've gotten"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":114.11,"endTime":118.46,"body":"us to engage in their desired"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":118.46,"endTime":121.34,"body":"behaviour. We've given them our"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":118.46,"endTime":121.34,"body":"attention."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":121.52,"endTime":124.13,"body":"Welcome to the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":121.52,"endTime":124.13,"body":"school behaviour secrets"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":124.13,"endTime":127.52,"body":"podcast. I'm your host, Simon"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":124.13,"endTime":127.52,"body":"Currigan. My co host is Emma"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":127.52,"endTime":131.14999999999998,"body":"Shackleton and we're obsessed"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":127.52,"endTime":131.14999999999998,"body":"with helping teachers, school"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":131.14999999999998,"endTime":134.06,"body":"leaders, parents, and of course,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":131.14999999999998,"endTime":134.06,"body":"students. When classroom"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":134.06,"endTime":136.97,"body":"behaviour gets in the way of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":134.06,"endTime":136.97,"body":"success. We're going to share"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":136.97,"endTime":139.60999999999999,"body":"the tried and tested secrets to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":136.97,"endTime":139.60999999999999,"body":"classroom management,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":139.60999999999999,"endTime":143.14999999999998,"body":"behavioural special needs, whole"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":139.60999999999999,"endTime":143.14999999999998,"body":"school strategy and more all"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":143.14999999999998,"endTime":145.94,"body":"with the aim of helping your"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":143.14999999999998,"endTime":145.94,"body":"students reach their true"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":145.94,"endTime":149.39,"body":"potential. Plus, we'll be"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":145.94,"endTime":149.39,"body":"letting you eavesdrop on our"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":149.39,"endTime":152.51,"body":"conversations with thought"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":149.39,"endTime":152.51,"body":"leaders from around the world."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":152.63,"endTime":156.35,"body":"So you'll get to hear the latest"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":152.63,"endTime":156.35,"body":"evidence based strategies before"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":156.38,"endTime":161.36,"body":"anyone else. This is the school"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":156.38,"endTime":161.36,"body":"behaviour secrets podcast. Hi"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":161.36,"endTime":163.97,"body":"there. Welcome to school"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":161.36,"endTime":163.97,"body":"behaviour secrets. My name is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":163.97,"endTime":167.26999999999998,"body":"Simon Currigan. And my greatest"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":163.97,"endTime":167.26999999999998,"body":"regret in life is that I didn't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":167.26999999999998,"endTime":171.17,"body":"get to see how the long running"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":167.26999999999998,"endTime":171.17,"body":"80s TV cartoon show the Lost"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":171.2,"endTime":175.13,"body":"Cities of Gold actually ended."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":171.2,"endTime":175.13,"body":"My bet is they found them. I'm"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":175.13,"endTime":177.8,"body":"joined today by my co host, Emma"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":175.13,"endTime":177.8,"body":"Shackleton. Hi, Emma."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":177.82999999999998,"endTime":180.38,"body":"Hi, Simon. Go"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":177.82999999999998,"endTime":180.38,"body":"on. Then. What question have you"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":180.35,"endTime":181.57999999999998,"body":"Well, this week"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":180.35,"endTime":181.57999999999998,"body":"I've got a riddle for you. What"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":180.38,"endTime":181.31,"body":"got for me today?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":181.57999999999998,"endTime":184.55,"body":"do the following all have in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":181.57999999999998,"endTime":184.55,"body":"common? You ready?"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":184.55,"endTime":185.95999999999998,"body":"Yeah, go on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":188.45,"endTime":193.01,"body":"Mincemeat,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":188.45,"endTime":193.01,"body":"jellyfish, white chocolate and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":193.01,"endTime":194.08999999999997,"body":"koala bears."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":194.18,"endTime":197.66,"body":"Oh, that's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":194.18,"endTime":197.66,"body":"easy. mincemeat, jellyfish,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":197.69,"endTime":202.61,"body":"white chocolate and koala bears."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":197.69,"endTime":202.61,"body":"Just kidding. I've got no idea"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":202.61,"endTime":205.61,"body":"what the connection is. Go on."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":202.61,"endTime":205.61,"body":"Then. Enlighten me."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":205.64,"endTime":207.76999999999998,"body":"All right, then."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":205.64,"endTime":207.76999999999998,"body":"Here's the connection. They all"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":207.76999999999998,"endTime":212.20999999999998,"body":"have names that tell a lie about"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":207.76999999999998,"endTime":212.20999999999998,"body":"what they are. So mincemeat."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":212.32999999999998,"endTime":215.39,"body":"That's the filling in mince pies"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":212.32999999999998,"endTime":215.39,"body":"doesn't actually have meat in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":215.39,"endTime":217.37,"body":"it. Although I believe"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":215.39,"endTime":217.37,"body":"originally it did used to in the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":217.37,"endTime":219.44,"body":"mediaeval times, I think it did"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":217.37,"endTime":219.44,"body":"have meat in it, but it doesn't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":219.44,"endTime":223.13,"body":"have meat in it now, jellyfish"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":219.44,"endTime":223.13,"body":"aren't fish, and they aren't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":223.13,"endTime":225.85999999999999,"body":"made out of jelly, obviously. So"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":223.13,"endTime":225.85999999999999,"body":"it's a double lie. White"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":225.85999999999999,"endTime":229.82,"body":"chocolate isn't actually"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":225.85999999999999,"endTime":229.82,"body":"chocolate. And koala bears"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":230.03,"endTime":233.63,"body":"aren't bears. And don't get me"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":230.03,"endTime":233.63,"body":"started on spotted dick or"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":233.63,"endTime":234.82999999999998,"body":"urinal cakes."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":235.46,"endTime":238.31,"body":"Hold on, hold"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":235.46,"endTime":238.31,"body":"on rewind. What do you mean,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":238.34,"endTime":240.68,"body":"white chocolate Isn't chocolate?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":240.79999999999998,"endTime":241.97,"body":"It doesn't count"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":240.79999999999998,"endTime":241.97,"body":"as chocolate."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":242.78,"endTime":243.5,"body":"What?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":243.73999999999998,"endTime":244.88,"body":"Am I rocking"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":243.73999999999998,"endTime":244.88,"body":"your world?"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":244.91,"endTime":246.53,"body":"Yeah, you"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":244.91,"endTime":246.53,"body":"absolutely are you learn"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":246.53,"endTime":250.43,"body":"something every day. So it's a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":246.53,"endTime":250.43,"body":"profound show today, right"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":250.48999999999998,"endTime":252.41,"body":"As ever, but"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":250.48999999999998,"endTime":252.41,"body":"there is a link to what we're"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":252.41,"endTime":254.75,"body":"going to talk about today."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":252.41,"endTime":254.75,"body":"Because we're going to talk"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":254.75,"endTime":259.66999999999996,"body":"about negative reinforcement"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":254.75,"endTime":259.66999999999996,"body":"because most people get negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":259.66999999999996,"endTime":264.08,"body":"reinforcement wrong, it isn't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":259.66999999999996,"endTime":264.08,"body":"what they actually think it is."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":264.28999999999996,"endTime":266.81,"body":"So we're going to explain the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":264.28999999999996,"endTime":266.81,"body":"truth behind negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":266.81,"endTime":270.79999999999995,"body":"reinforcement. And why if you"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":266.81,"endTime":270.79999999999995,"body":"think negative reinforcement is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":270.79999999999995,"endTime":273.77,"body":"just a posh term for a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":270.79999999999995,"endTime":273.77,"body":"punishment. Why you've been told"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":273.77,"endTime":275.93,"body":"a lie all these years."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":276.04999999999995,"endTime":278.75,"body":"Okay, but"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":276.04999999999995,"endTime":278.75,"body":"before we get onto this life"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":278.75,"endTime":282.40999999999997,"body":"changing information, I'd like"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":278.75,"endTime":282.40999999999997,"body":"to ask our listeners if you'd be"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":282.40999999999997,"endTime":286.19,"body":"willing to do me a small favour."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":282.40999999999997,"endTime":286.19,"body":"And that's to open your podcast"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":286.19,"endTime":289.85,"body":"app and click the Share button"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":286.19,"endTime":289.85,"body":"and let someone you know know"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":289.88,"endTime":292.85,"body":"about the school behaviour"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":289.88,"endTime":292.85,"body":"secrets podcast. That way your"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":292.85,"endTime":295.7,"body":"friends and colleagues will also"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":292.85,"endTime":295.7,"body":"be able to benefit from the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":295.7,"endTime":299.87,"body":"thoughtful, interesting and"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":295.7,"endTime":299.87,"body":"sometimes let's face it bizarre"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":299.93,"endTime":303.77,"body":"content that we share. Thank you"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":299.93,"endTime":303.77,"body":"so much for helping to spread"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":303.77,"endTime":304.28,"body":"the word"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":304.34000000000003,"endTime":307.19,"body":"That means it's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":304.34000000000003,"endTime":307.19,"body":"time to slip through the crowd"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":307.37,"endTime":310.85,"body":"and warm up our fingers. As we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":307.37,"endTime":310.85,"body":"prepare to grift to the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":310.85,"endTime":313.34000000000003,"body":"unsuspecting mark we call"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":310.85,"endTime":313.34000000000003,"body":"behaviour"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":313.37,"endTime":317.63,"body":"Grief to the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":313.37,"endTime":317.63,"body":"unsuspecting mark? Have you been"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":317.63,"endTime":319.37,"body":"reading too much Oliver Twist."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":319.66999999999996,"endTime":321.68,"body":"That kind of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":319.66999999999996,"endTime":321.68,"body":"language is yet more evidence"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":321.68,"endTime":324.35,"body":"that this podcast is unfailingly"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":321.68,"endTime":324.35,"body":"relevant."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":324.38,"endTime":326.78,"body":"Okay, let's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":324.38,"endTime":326.78,"body":"crack on then. So this is an"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":326.78,"endTime":329.9,"body":"interesting topic, actually."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":326.78,"endTime":329.9,"body":"Because lots of people get the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":329.9,"endTime":334.43,"body":"language around reinforcement"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":329.9,"endTime":334.43,"body":"wrong. And it's actually helpful"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":334.43,"endTime":339.28999999999996,"body":"to be precise about language. So"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":334.43,"endTime":339.28999999999996,"body":"we know exactly what strategy"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":339.28999999999996,"endTime":343.46000000000004,"body":"we're using to support children"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":339.28999999999996,"endTime":343.46000000000004,"body":"if we're going to get it right."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":343.49,"endTime":345.28999999999996,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":343.49,"endTime":345.28999999999996,"body":"absolutely. So let's start with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":345.28999999999996,"endTime":350.0,"body":"a term I'm sure everyone knows,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":345.28999999999996,"endTime":350.0,"body":"uses and understands. And that's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":350.03,"endTime":351.62,"body":"positive reinforcement."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":351.71000000000004,"endTime":355.07000000000005,"body":"Okay, so"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":351.71000000000004,"endTime":355.07000000000005,"body":"reinforcement means that we're"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":355.07000000000005,"endTime":360.38,"body":"trying to increase a desired"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":355.07000000000005,"endTime":360.38,"body":"behaviour. And we can use"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":360.38,"endTime":364.85,"body":"positive reinforcement with"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":360.38,"endTime":364.85,"body":"individuals or whole classes."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":365.24,"endTime":368.48,"body":"Okay, so for the purpose of this"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":365.24,"endTime":368.48,"body":"episode, we're going to follow"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":368.48,"endTime":373.58000000000004,"body":"three examples, handing in"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":368.48,"endTime":373.58000000000004,"body":"homework on time, reading words"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":373.58000000000004,"endTime":377.68999999999994,"body":"on flashcards more accurately,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":373.58000000000004,"endTime":377.68999999999994,"body":"and then a child keeping their"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":377.68999999999994,"endTime":381.98,"body":"bedroom tidy to give an example"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":377.68999999999994,"endTime":381.98,"body":"from home. So remember,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":382.03999999999996,"endTime":386.78,"body":"reinforcement is about"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":382.03999999999996,"endTime":386.78,"body":"increasing how often we see a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":386.78,"endTime":387.32000000000005,"body":"behaviour"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":387.49,"endTime":390.28,"body":"So when we think"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":387.49,"endTime":390.28,"body":"about positive reinforcement,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":390.28,"endTime":394.48,"body":"here the word positive means we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":390.28,"endTime":394.48,"body":"are adding something that wasn't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":394.51,"endTime":397.72,"body":"there before we're adding"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":394.51,"endTime":397.72,"body":"something to the pot, the extra"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":397.72,"endTime":402.1,"body":"thing is an incentive that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":397.72,"endTime":402.1,"body":"reinforces that desired"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":402.1,"endTime":404.67999999999995,"body":"behaviour and makes it occur"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":402.1,"endTime":404.67999999999995,"body":"more often. So to take the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":404.67999999999995,"endTime":406.96000000000004,"body":"example of handing in homework"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":404.67999999999995,"endTime":406.96000000000004,"body":"for a child who doesn't have"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":406.99,"endTime":410.16999999999996,"body":"their homework, and very often,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":406.99,"endTime":410.16999999999996,"body":"we might put in place, say, a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":410.16999999999996,"endTime":413.65,"body":"reward chart. And every time the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":410.16999999999996,"endTime":413.65,"body":"child hands in their homework,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":413.65,"endTime":415.99,"body":"they get a sticker to place on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":413.65,"endTime":415.99,"body":"the chart. And over time those"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":415.99,"endTime":418.99,"body":"stickers build to a prize, we've"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":415.99,"endTime":418.99,"body":"kind of sweeten the pot for"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":418.99,"endTime":421.57000000000005,"body":"doing the homework, you know, to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":418.99,"endTime":421.57000000000005,"body":"encourage it to happen to take"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":421.57000000000005,"endTime":425.16999999999996,"body":"the example of reading sets of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":421.57000000000005,"endTime":425.16999999999996,"body":"key words on a flashcard. It"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":425.16999999999996,"endTime":428.26,"body":"might be that every time the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":425.16999999999996,"endTime":428.26,"body":"child gets an answer correct,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":428.55999999999995,"endTime":432.82000000000005,"body":"then we follow up with immediate"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":428.55999999999995,"endTime":432.82000000000005,"body":"verbal praise and encouragement"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":432.82000000000005,"endTime":435.37,"body":"for them. So that's positive"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":432.82000000000005,"endTime":435.37,"body":"reinforcement, because our"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":435.37,"endTime":438.4,"body":"verbal praise is adding"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":435.37,"endTime":438.4,"body":"something that wasn't there"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":438.4,"endTime":442.36,"body":"previously, to increase that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":438.4,"endTime":442.36,"body":"behaviour in the future. And in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":442.36,"endTime":446.16999999999996,"body":"terms of tidying, it might be,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":442.36,"endTime":446.16999999999996,"body":"you know, we say to our son or"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":446.16999999999996,"endTime":449.04999999999995,"body":"daughter, you know, if you keep"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":446.16999999999996,"endTime":449.04999999999995,"body":"your room tidy, then you're"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":449.04999999999995,"endTime":452.32000000000005,"body":"gonna get some extra privileges"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":449.04999999999995,"endTime":452.32000000000005,"body":"at home, you might get some"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":452.32000000000005,"endTime":455.16999999999996,"body":"additional time on your"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":452.32000000000005,"endTime":455.16999999999996,"body":"PlayStation, some extra pocket"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":455.16999999999996,"endTime":457.12,"body":"money, that kind of incentive."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":457.18999999999994,"endTime":459.62,"body":"Okay, so that's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":457.18999999999994,"endTime":459.62,"body":"really clear, then. So we've got"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":459.62,"endTime":463.52,"body":"to keep in mind that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":459.62,"endTime":463.52,"body":"reinforcement means increasing a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":463.52,"endTime":467.65999999999997,"body":"behaviour. So the purpose of the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":463.52,"endTime":467.65999999999997,"body":"positive feedback is to add"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":467.65999999999997,"endTime":471.86,"body":"something in, that makes that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":467.65999999999997,"endTime":471.86,"body":"behaviour more likely to occur"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":471.86,"endTime":476.6,"body":"again in the future. Okay,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":471.86,"endTime":476.6,"body":"that's easy peasy. So obviously,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":476.6,"endTime":481.25,"body":"then negative reinforcement is a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":476.6,"endTime":481.25,"body":"consequence that reduces a given"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":481.25,"endTime":482.63,"body":"behaviour, right?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":482.59000000000003,"endTime":486.78999999999996,"body":"Well...no,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":482.59000000000003,"endTime":486.78999999999996,"body":"something that reduces an"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":486.82000000000005,"endTime":490.92999999999995,"body":"undesirable or negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":486.82000000000005,"endTime":490.92999999999995,"body":"behaviour, in technical terms is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":490.92999999999995,"endTime":494.5,"body":"actually a punishment. So we're"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":490.92999999999995,"endTime":494.5,"body":"using the technical terms here."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":494.53,"endTime":497.59000000000003,"body":"And when I say the word"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":494.53,"endTime":497.59000000000003,"body":"punishment, I am aware that has"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":497.59000000000003,"endTime":501.18999999999994,"body":"a kind of a punitive meaning in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":497.59000000000003,"endTime":501.18999999999994,"body":"sort of the way people use it in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":501.22,"endTime":504.30999999999995,"body":"general life. But in terms of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":501.22,"endTime":504.30999999999995,"body":"psychology and behaviour, a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":504.30999999999995,"endTime":508.92999999999995,"body":"punishment is technically"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":504.30999999999995,"endTime":508.92999999999995,"body":"anything that reduces a given"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":508.96000000000004,"endTime":512.02,"body":"behaviour. So it doesn't need to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":508.96000000000004,"endTime":512.02,"body":"be something kind of like overly"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":512.02,"endTime":515.2,"body":"harsh or anything like that."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":512.02,"endTime":515.2,"body":"It's anything that reduces a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":515.2,"endTime":516.82,"body":"behaviour that you don't want to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":515.2,"endTime":516.82,"body":"see."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":516.88,"endTime":519.58,"body":"Okay, so now"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":516.88,"endTime":519.58,"body":"we're going to need to adapt our"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":519.58,"endTime":524.02,"body":"examples slightly, because the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":519.58,"endTime":524.02,"body":"last examples were about"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":524.05,"endTime":528.25,"body":"increasing positive behaviours."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":524.05,"endTime":528.25,"body":"And now we're thinking about"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":528.25,"endTime":530.41,"body":"reducing negative ones."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":530.4399999999999,"endTime":532.57,"body":"So we kind of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":530.4399999999999,"endTime":532.57,"body":"have to flip the examples we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":532.57,"endTime":536.17,"body":"use. So let's start with handing"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":532.57,"endTime":536.17,"body":"in homework on time. What's the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":536.2,"endTime":539.62,"body":"opposite of handing in your"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":536.2,"endTime":539.62,"body":"homework on time? Well, the flip"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":539.62,"endTime":544.0,"body":"side of this is reducing how"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":539.62,"endTime":544.0,"body":"often a student hands in the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":544.0,"endTime":547.9,"body":"homework late. So a punishment"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":544.0,"endTime":547.9,"body":"might be stopping in at"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":547.9,"endTime":551.14,"body":"lunchtime or after school for a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":547.9,"endTime":551.14,"body":"detention to complete your"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":551.14,"endTime":554.83,"body":"homework if you fail to hand it"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":551.14,"endTime":554.83,"body":"in on time. And the aim would be"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":554.83,"endTime":558.37,"body":"to reduce how often the child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":554.83,"endTime":558.37,"body":"engages in the negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":558.37,"endTime":561.37,"body":"behaviour, which is handing in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":558.37,"endTime":561.37,"body":"homework late. And the reverse"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":561.37,"endTime":566.02,"body":"of keeping your room tidy, is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":561.37,"endTime":566.02,"body":"having an untidy room. So if the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":566.02,"endTime":570.07,"body":"adult goes into their child's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":566.02,"endTime":570.07,"body":"room, and sees that it's untidy,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":570.31,"endTime":574.63,"body":"a punishment might be a loss of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":570.31,"endTime":574.63,"body":"privileges, so they might lose"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":574.66,"endTime":578.11,"body":"PlayStation or have reduced"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":574.66,"endTime":578.11,"body":"pocket money or lose access to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":578.11,"endTime":581.38,"body":"the internet or social media,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":578.11,"endTime":581.38,"body":"you know, God forbid,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":581.35,"endTime":584.23,"body":"Whaat!? Hang on"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":581.35,"endTime":584.23,"body":"a minute!"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":585.75,"endTime":588.0,"body":"What about the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":585.75,"endTime":588.0,"body":"alternative to increasing how"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":588.0,"endTime":592.23,"body":"well a student reads flashcards?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":588.0,"endTime":592.23,"body":"Well, the focus would be on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":592.23,"endTime":596.52,"body":"reducing how often they make"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":592.23,"endTime":596.52,"body":"mistakes. So a punishment here"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":596.61,"endTime":600.1800000000001,"body":"might be losing points on a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":596.61,"endTime":600.1800000000001,"body":"chart when they make a mistake,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":600.21,"endTime":604.1700000000001,"body":"or the adult frowning or"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":600.21,"endTime":604.1700000000001,"body":"tutting, when they get a word"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":604.1700000000001,"endTime":608.16,"body":"wrong, even seeing the adult"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":604.1700000000001,"endTime":608.16,"body":"right crosses on assessment list"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":608.16,"endTime":611.5500000000001,"body":"rather than giving them ticks."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":608.16,"endTime":611.5500000000001,"body":"Now, I'm not suggesting you do"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":611.5500000000001,"endTime":614.19,"body":"any of those things to encourage"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":611.5500000000001,"endTime":614.19,"body":"your child to read more"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":614.22,"endTime":617.37,"body":"accurately, what I'm doing is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":614.22,"endTime":617.37,"body":"I'm giving you an example of how"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":617.4300000000001,"endTime":622.23,"body":"a punishment would be used to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":617.4300000000001,"endTime":622.23,"body":"reduce how often a child made"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":622.23,"endTime":625.1700000000001,"body":"errors. I'm not suggesting"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":622.23,"endTime":625.1700000000001,"body":"that's a great pedagogical way"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":625.1700000000001,"endTime":625.59,"body":"forwards."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":626.57,"endTime":629.27,"body":"Interestingly,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":626.57,"endTime":629.27,"body":"though, the government tends to"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":629.27,"endTime":633.53,"body":"specialise in punishment to"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":629.27,"endTime":633.53,"body":"change our behaviour. They will"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":633.53,"endTime":637.6700000000001,"body":"often try to reduce speeding,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":633.53,"endTime":637.6700000000001,"body":"for example, by punishing people"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":637.6700000000001,"endTime":641.6,"body":"with fines and points on their"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":637.6700000000001,"endTime":641.6,"body":"licence. They tried to reduce"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":641.6,"endTime":645.9200000000001,"body":"burglary with prison. So they do"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":641.6,"endTime":645.9200000000001,"body":"tend to favour that model, don't"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":645.9200000000001,"endTime":646.19,"body":"they?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":646.22,"endTime":648.08,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":646.22,"endTime":648.08,"body":"absolutely. So punishment is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":648.08,"endTime":652.7,"body":"about reducing a negative or"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":648.08,"endTime":652.7,"body":"undesired behaviour. And the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":652.7,"endTime":655.49,"body":"thing is, when most people use"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":652.7,"endTime":655.49,"body":"the words, negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":655.49,"endTime":659.78,"body":"reinforcement, as in will use a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":655.49,"endTime":659.78,"body":"consequence to negatively"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":659.78,"endTime":663.44,"body":"reinforce aggression in school,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":659.78,"endTime":663.44,"body":"what they're actually referring"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":663.44,"endTime":666.35,"body":"to what they actually mean is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":663.44,"endTime":666.35,"body":"they're using a punishment."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":666.35,"endTime":668.45,"body":"But where does"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":666.35,"endTime":668.45,"body":"that leave negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":668.45,"endTime":671.48,"body":"reinforcement then if it's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":668.45,"endTime":671.48,"body":"different to a punishment?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":671.5400000000001,"endTime":674.66,"body":"okay, so let's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":671.5400000000001,"endTime":674.66,"body":"go back to what reinforcement"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":674.66,"endTime":679.82,"body":"means. Reinforcement means"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":674.66,"endTime":679.82,"body":"increasing how often we see a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":679.85,"endTime":683.45,"body":"desired behaviour. And if you"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":679.85,"endTime":683.45,"body":"think back to positive in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":683.45,"endTime":688.0400000000001,"body":"positive reinforcement meant"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":683.45,"endTime":688.0400000000001,"body":"adding something to the mix to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":688.0400000000001,"endTime":693.35,"body":"encourage that behaviour, which"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":688.0400000000001,"endTime":693.35,"body":"means negative reinforcement"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":693.35,"endTime":698.5400000000001,"body":"means removing something that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":693.35,"endTime":698.5400000000001,"body":"increases a desired behaviour."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":698.5400000000001,"endTime":701.69,"body":"Now, I'm gonna say that again,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":698.5400000000001,"endTime":701.69,"body":"so you have a minute to absorb"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":701.69,"endTime":704.99,"body":"it and let it sink in. Because"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":701.69,"endTime":704.99,"body":"it's really counterintuitive."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":705.02,"endTime":709.91,"body":"Negative reinforcement means"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":705.02,"endTime":709.91,"body":"taking something away. That"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":709.91,"endTime":713.15,"body":"increases a desired behaviour."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":713.21,"endTime":716.4200000000001,"body":"Crikey, I'm"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":713.21,"endTime":716.4200000000001,"body":"getting a headache now. So let's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":716.4200000000001,"endTime":719.84,"body":"relate this back to our examples"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":716.4200000000001,"endTime":719.84,"body":"to try and make it make sense."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":720.02,"endTime":724.3100000000001,"body":"So the tidying the room example,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":720.02,"endTime":724.3100000000001,"body":"let's imagine that I, as a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":724.3100000000001,"endTime":727.82,"body":"parent, I'm constantly"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":724.3100000000001,"endTime":727.82,"body":"complaining to my son to keep"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":727.82,"endTime":731.36,"body":"his room tidy. After a while he"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":727.82,"endTime":731.36,"body":"gets tired of the constant"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":731.36,"endTime":735.2,"body":"reminders and badgering. And so"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":731.36,"endTime":735.2,"body":"he goes upstairs and tidies his"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":735.2,"endTime":740.03,"body":"room, when he engages in the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":735.2,"endTime":740.03,"body":"desirable action, in this case,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":740.0600000000001,"endTime":745.46,"body":"tidy in his room. I respond by"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":740.0600000000001,"endTime":745.46,"body":"immediately stopping moaning."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":745.52,"endTime":750.02,"body":"Ah, so that's the negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":745.52,"endTime":750.02,"body":"reinforcement. I've removed"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":750.02,"endTime":754.6700000000001,"body":"something that was there before"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":750.02,"endTime":754.6700000000001,"body":"the moaning. And the removal of"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":754.6700000000001,"endTime":759.2,"body":"the moaning has reinforced the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":754.6700000000001,"endTime":759.2,"body":"tidying behaviour. If I start"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":759.2,"endTime":763.49,"body":"moaning at him next week to tidy"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":759.2,"endTime":763.49,"body":"his room again, he knows that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":763.49,"endTime":766.88,"body":"when he takes action, the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":763.49,"endTime":766.88,"body":"moaning will go away,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":766.94,"endTime":768.77,"body":"encouraging more tidying,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":768.799,"endTime":770.359,"body":"it's just like a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":768.799,"endTime":770.359,"body":"real insight into what's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":770.359,"endTime":771.469,"body":"happening into your house."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":771.35,"endTime":773.9300000000001,"body":"You know what,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":771.35,"endTime":773.9300000000001,"body":"my son is quite tidy. Actually,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":773.9300000000001,"endTime":777.2900000000001,"body":"I don't need to do much moaning."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":773.9300000000001,"endTime":777.2900000000001,"body":"I think I'm very lucky. So"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":777.32,"endTime":780.0500000000001,"body":"another example, then this makes"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":777.32,"endTime":780.0500000000001,"body":"sense, doesn't it? Another"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":780.0500000000001,"endTime":784.16,"body":"example would be have an alarm"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":780.0500000000001,"endTime":784.16,"body":"clock. So if you're in bed and"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":784.16,"endTime":788.3000000000001,"body":"your alarm clock sounds, you"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":784.16,"endTime":788.3000000000001,"body":"roll over and hit the off button"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":788.33,"endTime":792.2900000000001,"body":"to make the annoying sound go"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":788.33,"endTime":792.2900000000001,"body":"away. Here the behaviour being"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":792.2900000000001,"endTime":796.01,"body":"negatively reinforced is hitting"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":792.2900000000001,"endTime":796.01,"body":"the off button. hitting the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":796.01,"endTime":798.53,"body":"button removes the noise of the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":796.01,"endTime":798.53,"body":"alarm."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":798.62,"endTime":801.6800000000001,"body":"So here's a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":798.62,"endTime":801.6800000000001,"body":"really interesting example from"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":801.6800000000001,"endTime":804.89,"body":"some research that was done in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":801.6800000000001,"endTime":804.89,"body":"education, the researchers took"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":804.89,"endTime":808.52,"body":"a group of young children and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":804.89,"endTime":808.52,"body":"gave them a set of flashcards,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":808.61,"endTime":812.48,"body":"each with key words on to help"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":808.61,"endTime":812.48,"body":"them learn to read the words by"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":812.48,"endTime":815.45,"body":"sight so they could do it more"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":812.48,"endTime":815.45,"body":"quickly. So they got a set of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":815.45,"endTime":818.51,"body":"say, 10 cards, and each card"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":815.45,"endTime":818.51,"body":"would have a different word"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":818.51,"endTime":821.72,"body":"written on it. They'd work one"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":818.51,"endTime":821.72,"body":"to one with a child, and they'd"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":821.72,"endTime":825.53,"body":"hold each card up in turn, and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":821.72,"endTime":825.53,"body":"see if the child could read the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":825.53,"endTime":828.95,"body":"word aloud correctly. And if"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":825.53,"endTime":828.95,"body":"they got it right, the card was"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":828.95,"endTime":831.2,"body":"removed completely from the set"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":828.95,"endTime":831.2,"body":"because they didn't need to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":831.2,"endTime":833.69,"body":"practice it again. And if the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":831.2,"endTime":833.69,"body":"child read out the word"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":833.75,"endTime":837.2900000000001,"body":"incorrectly, it was put on a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":833.75,"endTime":837.2900000000001,"body":"pile to the side. And when the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":837.2900000000001,"endTime":840.35,"body":"child had worked their way"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":837.2900000000001,"endTime":840.35,"body":"through all of the cards, the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":840.35,"endTime":843.41,"body":"researcher would then take any"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":840.35,"endTime":843.41,"body":"misread cards for a few minutes,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":843.41,"endTime":846.65,"body":"and they would practice them"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":843.41,"endTime":846.65,"body":"with the child. Before starting"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":846.65,"endTime":850.37,"body":"the process. Again, this time"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":846.65,"endTime":850.37,"body":"with a child only practising the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":850.37,"endTime":852.89,"body":"cards they got wrong. This is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":850.37,"endTime":852.89,"body":"something we see in classrooms,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":852.89,"endTime":854.78,"body":"I'm sure you're familiar with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":852.89,"endTime":854.78,"body":"this technique, you'll see it in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":854.78,"endTime":857.96,"body":"classrooms across the land. And"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":854.78,"endTime":857.96,"body":"this practice goes around and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":857.96,"endTime":861.2,"body":"around and around until the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":857.96,"endTime":861.2,"body":"child could correctly read all"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":861.2,"endTime":864.86,"body":"of the cards. So here's the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":861.2,"endTime":864.86,"body":"interesting bit, the researchers"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":864.86,"endTime":868.58,"body":"were interested in, was it the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":864.86,"endTime":868.58,"body":"extra practice with the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":868.58,"endTime":872.78,"body":"difficult words that was helping"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":868.58,"endTime":872.78,"body":"the child read the cards? Or was"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":872.78,"endTime":875.84,"body":"it they were just becoming more"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":872.78,"endTime":875.84,"body":"and more bored with the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":875.84,"endTime":880.6700000000001,"body":"activity, and were desperate for"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":875.84,"endTime":880.6700000000001,"body":"it to end, and that motivated"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":880.6700000000001,"endTime":884.24,"body":"them to try harder and pay more"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":880.6700000000001,"endTime":884.24,"body":"attention, so they could make"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":884.24,"endTime":887.66,"body":"the activity go away? And the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":884.24,"endTime":887.66,"body":"researchers did something really"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":887.66,"endTime":890.6,"body":"clever to work out what was the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":887.66,"endTime":890.6,"body":"cause of the children being able"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":890.6,"endTime":893.63,"body":"to read the word successfully,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":890.6,"endTime":893.63,"body":"when a child got a series of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":893.63,"endTime":898.25,"body":"words wrong. Instead of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":893.63,"endTime":898.25,"body":"practising the misread words,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":898.5500000000001,"endTime":903.53,"body":"they practice reading a set of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":898.5500000000001,"endTime":903.53,"body":"completely unrelated words. And"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":903.53,"endTime":906.02,"body":"then they asked the child to go"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":903.53,"endTime":906.02,"body":"back to the original set of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":906.02,"endTime":909.38,"body":"misread words. So the practice"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":906.02,"endTime":909.38,"body":"was being done on words they"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":909.38,"endTime":912.95,"body":"weren't actually being tested"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":909.38,"endTime":912.95,"body":"on. And what they found really"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":912.95,"endTime":917.0,"body":"interestingly was, in most"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":912.95,"endTime":917.0,"body":"cases, it didn't make any"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":917.0,"endTime":919.58,"body":"difference whether the child was"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":917.0,"endTime":919.58,"body":"practising the words that they"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":919.58,"endTime":923.6,"body":"misread, or practice reading a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":919.58,"endTime":923.6,"body":"completely different set of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":923.6,"endTime":927.53,"body":"words, they finished the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":923.6,"endTime":927.53,"body":"activity in the same amount of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":927.53,"endTime":928.16,"body":"time."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":928.22,"endTime":930.41,"body":"So what you're"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":928.22,"endTime":930.41,"body":"saying here, then, is that it"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":930.41,"endTime":933.95,"body":"wasn't the additional practice"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":930.41,"endTime":933.95,"body":"that reinforced helping the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":933.95,"endTime":937.61,"body":"child to read the word, which is"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":933.95,"endTime":937.61,"body":"the obvious conclusion, it was"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":937.61,"endTime":941.84,"body":"actually the fact that the child"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":937.61,"endTime":941.84,"body":"wanted the activity to end so"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":941.84,"endTime":945.0500000000001,"body":"they were more motivated to get"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":941.84,"endTime":945.0500000000001,"body":"the answers right. Is that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":945.0500000000001,"endTime":945.38,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":945.41,"endTime":947.45,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":945.41,"endTime":947.45,"body":"Absolutely. They just wanted it"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":947.45,"endTime":947.9300000000001,"body":"to stop."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":947.96,"endTime":950.45,"body":"Ah so that's a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":947.96,"endTime":950.45,"body":"great example of negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":950.45,"endTime":953.5400000000001,"body":"reinforcement, the children"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":950.45,"endTime":953.5400000000001,"body":"improve their sight reading"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":953.5400000000001,"endTime":958.46,"body":"vocabulary, by removing an"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":953.5400000000001,"endTime":958.46,"body":"activity that they found boring,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":958.52,"endTime":962.66,"body":"it's increased a desired"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":958.52,"endTime":962.66,"body":"behaviour by removing something"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":962.69,"endTime":966.35,"body":"the boring practising, I get it."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":962.69,"endTime":966.35,"body":"Another example of negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":966.35,"endTime":970.07,"body":"reinforcement might be for"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":966.35,"endTime":970.07,"body":"example, a child is given a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":970.07,"endTime":973.07,"body":"plate of food. And on that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":970.07,"endTime":973.07,"body":"plate, there are lots of"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":973.07,"endTime":977.24,"body":"vegetables. The child doesn't"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":973.07,"endTime":977.24,"body":"want to eat their vegetables, so"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":977.24,"endTime":981.38,"body":"they fold their arms huff and"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":977.24,"endTime":981.38,"body":"puff, maybe they cry and refuse"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":981.38,"endTime":985.01,"body":"to eat them. So the adults might"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":981.38,"endTime":985.01,"body":"be inclined to take the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":985.01,"endTime":988.58,"body":"vegetables away. If you think"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":985.01,"endTime":988.58,"body":"about it. This is negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":988.58,"endTime":992.36,"body":"reinforcement for the child,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":988.58,"endTime":992.36,"body":"removing the vegetables has"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":992.36,"endTime":996.53,"body":"encouraged the child to engage"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":992.36,"endTime":996.53,"body":"in future refusals. We all do"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":996.53,"endTime":1000.73,"body":"things that work. And it's also"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":996.53,"endTime":1000.73,"body":"actually negative reinforcement"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1000.73,"endTime":1004.63,"body":"for the adult. Because when the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1000.73,"endTime":1004.63,"body":"child stopped crying, it's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1004.63,"endTime":1008.08,"body":"encouraged the adult to continue"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1004.63,"endTime":1008.08,"body":"in moving vegetables in the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1008.08,"endTime":1008.89,"body":"future."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1008.9200000000001,"endTime":1011.74,"body":"So what would"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1008.9200000000001,"endTime":1011.74,"body":"negative reinforcement for"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1011.74,"endTime":1014.44,"body":"handing in your homework be? And"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1011.74,"endTime":1014.44,"body":"sometimes these examples for"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1014.44,"endTime":1017.6800000000001,"body":"negative reinforcement aren't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1014.44,"endTime":1017.6800000000001,"body":"really that practical, because"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1017.6800000000001,"endTime":1020.08,"body":"we don't actually see that much"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1017.6800000000001,"endTime":1020.08,"body":"negative reinforcement going on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1020.08,"endTime":1023.23,"body":"in school. But if we wanted to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1020.08,"endTime":1023.23,"body":"go down that approach, well, we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1023.23,"endTime":1027.01,"body":"want to increase how often the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1023.23,"endTime":1027.01,"body":"homework is handed in. And we'll"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1027.01,"endTime":1030.43,"body":"need to remove something that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1027.01,"endTime":1030.43,"body":"encourages the child to do their"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1030.43,"endTime":1033.82,"body":"homework in future. So that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1030.43,"endTime":1033.82,"body":"might mean that when the child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1033.82,"endTime":1037.0,"body":"does their homework, they're"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1033.82,"endTime":1037.0,"body":"given a pass from an activity"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1037.0,"endTime":1041.26,"body":"they don't like, or the teacher"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1037.0,"endTime":1041.26,"body":"complains at them continuously."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1041.4099999999999,"endTime":1043.54,"body":"And when they hand in their"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1041.4099999999999,"endTime":1043.54,"body":"homework, the teacher stops"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1043.54,"endTime":1045.79,"body":"complaining about them, giving"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1043.54,"endTime":1045.79,"body":"them their homework or giving"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1045.79,"endTime":1048.04,"body":"them sermons on the importance"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1045.79,"endTime":1048.04,"body":"of homework."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1048.04,"endTime":1051.31,"body":"Kids often use"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1048.04,"endTime":1051.31,"body":"negative reinforcement on us,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1051.31,"endTime":1055.21,"body":"the adults without us realising"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1051.31,"endTime":1055.21,"body":"by the way, if a child shouts"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1055.21,"endTime":1058.99,"body":"out in class, and we immediately"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1055.21,"endTime":1058.99,"body":"turn to them and give our"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1058.99,"endTime":1063.37,"body":"attention, maybe by saying their"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1058.99,"endTime":1063.37,"body":"name or looking at them, or"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1063.37,"endTime":1066.31,"body":"telling them they need to be"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1063.37,"endTime":1066.31,"body":"polite or not shout out or"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1066.31,"endTime":1070.0,"body":"whatever. And then they stop"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1066.31,"endTime":1070.0,"body":"shouting out, at least for a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1070.0,"endTime":1074.5,"body":"while. That's them using"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1070.0,"endTime":1074.5,"body":"negative reinforcement on us."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1074.77,"endTime":1078.76,"body":"They were talking, we gave them"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1074.77,"endTime":1078.76,"body":"attention, they remove the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1078.76,"endTime":1083.29,"body":"talking by stopping talking,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1078.76,"endTime":1083.29,"body":"they've gotten us to engage in"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1083.29,"endTime":1087.85,"body":"their desired behaviour, we've"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1083.29,"endTime":1087.85,"body":"given them our attention. So"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1087.85,"endTime":1092.08,"body":"that negative reinforcement"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1087.85,"endTime":1092.08,"body":"programme, so that negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1092.08,"endTime":1096.9099999999999,"body":"reinforcement programmed us to"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1092.08,"endTime":1096.9099999999999,"body":"give them more retention in the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1096.9099999999999,"endTime":1101.11,"body":"future, whenever they next shout"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1096.9099999999999,"endTime":1101.11,"body":"out to use the technical terms"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1101.11,"endTime":1106.3,"body":"correctly, when we reinforce"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1101.11,"endTime":1106.3,"body":"something, we are increasing how"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1106.33,"endTime":1107.86,"body":"often we see the behaviour."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1107.98,"endTime":1110.3799999999999,"body":"So you can do"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1107.98,"endTime":1110.3799999999999,"body":"that positively by adding"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1110.3799999999999,"endTime":1112.99,"body":"something that wasn't there"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1110.3799999999999,"endTime":1112.99,"body":"before like praise or a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1112.99,"endTime":1116.02,"body":"certificate or a nice activity"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1112.99,"endTime":1116.02,"body":"or some other reward. Or you can"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1116.02,"endTime":1120.1899999999998,"body":"do that negatively, by removing"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1116.02,"endTime":1120.1899999999998,"body":"something unpleasant that was"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1120.1899999999998,"endTime":1123.3999999999999,"body":"already there. Think of a child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1120.1899999999998,"endTime":1123.3999999999999,"body":"doing their homework to stop"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1123.3999999999999,"endTime":1125.56,"body":"their parents and teachers"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1123.3999999999999,"endTime":1125.56,"body":"moaning at them."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1125.62,"endTime":1128.4699999999998,"body":"And a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1125.62,"endTime":1128.4699999999998,"body":"punishment then to use the term"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1128.5,"endTime":1133.57,"body":"in its technical sense, means to"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1128.5,"endTime":1133.57,"body":"reduce an undesired behaviour."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1133.6299999999999,"endTime":1136.06,"body":"Which means when"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1133.6299999999999,"endTime":1136.06,"body":"most people talk about negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1136.06,"endTime":1140.4099999999999,"body":"reinforcement, they actually"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1136.06,"endTime":1140.4099999999999,"body":"technically mean a punishment."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1140.77,"endTime":1144.1599999999999,"body":"And just to complicate things"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1140.77,"endTime":1144.1599999999999,"body":"even further, you can actually"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1144.1599999999999,"endTime":1147.2199999999998,"body":"have a positive and negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1144.1599999999999,"endTime":1147.2199999999998,"body":"punishment as well. That's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1147.2199999999998,"endTime":1150.07,"body":"completely mind melting, and a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1147.2199999999998,"endTime":1150.07,"body":"whole other episode."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1150.1899999999998,"endTime":1152.4099999999999,"body":"Let's not go"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1150.1899999999998,"endTime":1152.4099999999999,"body":"into that. Now. That is all"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1152.4099999999999,"endTime":1155.3799999999999,"body":"we've got time for today on"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1152.4099999999999,"endTime":1155.3799999999999,"body":"positive and negative"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1155.3799999999999,"endTime":1156.3999999999999,"body":"reinforcement."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1156.4299999999998,"endTime":1158.56,"body":"Yeah, negative"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1156.4299999999998,"endTime":1158.56,"body":"reinforcement is actually a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1158.56,"endTime":1162.3999999999999,"body":"tricky one, particularly in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1158.56,"endTime":1162.3999999999999,"body":"school because it's not often"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1162.3999999999999,"endTime":1166.7199999999998,"body":"that removing something actually"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1162.3999999999999,"endTime":1166.7199999999998,"body":"encourages a behaviour. in an"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1166.7199999999998,"endTime":1170.05,"body":"academic setting. The key here"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1166.7199999999998,"endTime":1170.05,"body":"is to think about whether you're"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1170.05,"endTime":1174.04,"body":"encouraging a behaviour or"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1170.05,"endTime":1174.04,"body":"discouraging one. And having"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1174.04,"endTime":1177.6999999999998,"body":"that clarity will help you"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1174.04,"endTime":1177.6999999999998,"body":"achieve the result that you are"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1177.6999999999998,"endTime":1179.53,"body":"looking for, for your students."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1179.7099999999998,"endTime":1182.23,"body":"And of course,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1179.7099999999998,"endTime":1182.23,"body":"knowing how to use reward"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1182.23,"endTime":1186.3999999999999,"body":"systems effectively is just one"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1182.23,"endTime":1186.3999999999999,"body":"part of classroom management,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1186.61,"endTime":1189.31,"body":"which is about how you manage"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1186.61,"endTime":1189.31,"body":"the behaviour of the whole"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1189.31,"endTime":1192.76,"body":"class. If you want to see how"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1189.31,"endTime":1192.76,"body":"they fit in alongside your"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1192.76,"endTime":1196.3899999999999,"body":"routines, your environment and"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1192.76,"endTime":1196.3899999999999,"body":"other factors, we've got a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1196.3899999999999,"endTime":1200.23,"body":"completely free download that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1196.3899999999999,"endTime":1200.23,"body":"you'll find really useful. It's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1200.23,"endTime":1204.01,"body":"called the classroom management"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1200.23,"endTime":1204.01,"body":"score sheet. In fact, the score"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1204.01,"endTime":1208.6899999999998,"body":"sheet gives you 37 factors that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1204.01,"endTime":1208.6899999999998,"body":"have an impact on classroom"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1208.6899999999998,"endTime":1212.26,"body":"behaviour. If you want to know"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1208.6899999999998,"endTime":1212.26,"body":"what they are, grab your free"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1212.26,"endTime":1216.52,"body":"copy now by going to"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1212.26,"endTime":1216.52,"body":"www.beaconschoolsupport.co.uk."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1216.6699999999998,"endTime":1220.27,"body":"clicking on the free resources"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1216.6699999999998,"endTime":1220.27,"body":"option in the menu, and you'll"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1220.27,"endTime":1224.3799999999999,"body":"find it at the top of the page."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1220.27,"endTime":1224.3799999999999,"body":"It's completely free. Go get"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1224.3799999999999,"endTime":1228.25,"body":"yours today. We'll also drop a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1224.3799999999999,"endTime":1228.25,"body":"link in the episode description."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1228.28,"endTime":1230.59,"body":"And if you found"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1228.28,"endTime":1230.59,"body":"this week's episode, thought"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1230.59,"endTime":1234.2199999999998,"body":"provoking, why not subscribe?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1230.59,"endTime":1234.2199999999998,"body":"All you have to do is open up"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1234.2199999999998,"endTime":1237.3999999999999,"body":"your podcast app, tap the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1234.2199999999998,"endTime":1237.3999999999999,"body":"subscribe button or follow us"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1237.3999999999999,"endTime":1240.6699999999998,"body":"it's called in Apple podcasts"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1237.3999999999999,"endTime":1240.6699999999998,"body":"and your podcast app will"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1240.76,"endTime":1245.1699999999998,"body":"automatically download and save"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1240.76,"endTime":1245.1699999999998,"body":"each episode as it's released."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1245.29,"endTime":1248.74,"body":"So you never miss a thing."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1245.29,"endTime":1248.74,"body":"Subscribing will definitely make"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1248.74,"endTime":1251.8899999999999,"body":"you feel like the sizzle has"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1248.74,"endTime":1251.8899999999999,"body":"been put right back into your"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1251.8899999999999,"endTime":1252.52,"body":"sausage."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1252.55,"endTime":1254.11,"body":"Im not sure"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1252.55,"endTime":1254.11,"body":"that's actually encouraging"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1254.11,"endTime":1257.9199999999998,"body":"people to subscribe. I'm off now"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1254.11,"endTime":1257.9199999999998,"body":"to have some white chocolate"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1257.9199999999998,"endTime":1261.4599999999998,"body":"that is not actually chocolate."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1257.9199999999998,"endTime":1261.4599999999998,"body":"Either way, listeners We hope"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1261.4599999999998,"endTime":1263.98,"body":"you have a great week and we"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1261.4599999999998,"endTime":1263.98,"body":"look forward to seeing you on"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1263.98,"endTime":1267.2199999999998,"body":"the next episode of school"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":1263.98,"endTime":1267.2199999999998,"body":"behaviour secrets. Bye"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1267.3999999999999,"endTime":1267.9399999999998,"body":"Bye"}]}