{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":87.35,"endTime":89.63,"body":"First question I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":87.35,"endTime":89.63,"body":"would ask the parents is, how"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":89.63,"endTime":92.41999999999999,"body":"happy is your child? And the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":89.63,"endTime":92.41999999999999,"body":"second question I would ask the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":92.41999999999999,"endTime":96.56,"body":"parents, how happy are you with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":92.41999999999999,"endTime":96.56,"body":"your child's ability to learn in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":96.56,"endTime":99.86,"body":"the classroom and to develop"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":96.56,"endTime":99.86,"body":"appropriate friendships. If the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":99.86,"endTime":103.52,"body":"parent identifies the child as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":99.86,"endTime":103.52,"body":"having difficulties that he's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":103.52,"endTime":107.66,"body":"aware of the difficulties he's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":103.52,"endTime":107.66,"body":"having in school Or if he or she"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":107.66,"endTime":111.91999999999999,"body":"as a parent is aware of those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":107.66,"endTime":111.91999999999999,"body":"difficulties, then I can't see"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":111.91999999999999,"endTime":114.86,"body":"how you would not want to at"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":111.91999999999999,"endTime":114.86,"body":"least try the medication."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":115.16,"endTime":117.77,"body":"Welcome to the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":115.16,"endTime":117.77,"body":"school behaviour secrets"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":117.77,"endTime":121.19,"body":"podcast. I'm your host, Simon"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":117.77,"endTime":121.19,"body":"Currigan. My co host is Emma"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":121.19,"endTime":124.82,"body":"Shackleton. And we're obsessed"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":121.19,"endTime":124.82,"body":"with helping teachers, school"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":124.82,"endTime":127.72999999999999,"body":"leaders, parents, and of course,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":124.82,"endTime":127.72999999999999,"body":"students. When classroom"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":127.72999999999999,"endTime":130.64,"body":"behaviour gets in the way of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":127.72999999999999,"endTime":130.64,"body":"success. We're going to share"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":130.64,"endTime":133.25,"body":"the tried and tested secrets to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":130.64,"endTime":133.25,"body":"classroom management,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":133.28,"endTime":136.82,"body":"behavioural Special Needs, whole"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":133.28,"endTime":136.82,"body":"school strategy and more, all"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":136.82,"endTime":139.60999999999999,"body":"with the aim of helping your"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":136.82,"endTime":139.60999999999999,"body":"students reach their true"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":139.60999999999999,"endTime":143.03,"body":"potential. Plus, we'll be"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":139.60999999999999,"endTime":143.03,"body":"letting you eavesdrop on our"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":143.03,"endTime":146.14999999999998,"body":"conversations with thought"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":143.03,"endTime":146.14999999999998,"body":"leaders from around the world."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":146.3,"endTime":150.01999999999998,"body":"So you'll get to hear the latest"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":146.3,"endTime":150.01999999999998,"body":"evidence based strategies before"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":150.05,"endTime":154.28,"body":"anyone else. This is the school"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":150.05,"endTime":154.28,"body":"behaviour secrets podcast."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":154.73,"endTime":157.31,"body":"Hi there and welcome to school"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":154.73,"endTime":157.31,"body":"behaviour secrets. My name is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":157.31,"endTime":160.94,"body":"Simon Currigan. And true fact, I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":157.31,"endTime":160.94,"body":"didn't learn to tie a balloon"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":160.94,"endTime":165.05,"body":"until I was in my late 30s. A"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":160.94,"endTime":165.05,"body":"fact that brought my daughter"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":165.05,"endTime":168.64999999999998,"body":"great joy when I shared it with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":165.05,"endTime":168.64999999999998,"body":"her last week. I'm joined as"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":168.64999999999998,"endTime":171.29,"body":"ever by my co host, Emma"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":168.64999999999998,"endTime":171.29,"body":"Shackleton, who is a grown up."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":171.32,"endTime":171.92,"body":"Hi, Emma."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":172.01,"endTime":174.89,"body":"Hi, Simon. And"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":172.01,"endTime":174.89,"body":"I believe I learned to tie a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":174.89,"endTime":180.56,"body":"balloon probably in my sixth or"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":174.89,"endTime":180.56,"body":"seventh year. Anyway, moving on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":180.68,"endTime":182.78,"body":"This podcast is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":180.68,"endTime":182.78,"body":"supposed to be a safe space."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":183.47,"endTime":188.32999999999998,"body":"Emma I'd like to open the show"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":183.47,"endTime":188.32999999999998,"body":"by asking you a quick question."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":188.54,"endTime":191.54,"body":"Have you ever dreaded having to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":188.54,"endTime":191.54,"body":"do something like tying a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":191.54,"endTime":194.36,"body":"balloon? And then in the end? It"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":191.54,"endTime":194.36,"body":"turned out okay."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":194.35,"endTime":196.89999999999998,"body":"You mean like"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":194.35,"endTime":196.89999999999998,"body":"going to the dentist? Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":196.89999999999998,"endTime":200.17,"body":"that's never a cheery prospect"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":196.89999999999998,"endTime":200.17,"body":"is it? And actually I've"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":200.17,"endTime":203.58999999999997,"body":"realised over the years that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":200.17,"endTime":203.58999999999997,"body":"most things are not as bad as"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":203.58999999999997,"endTime":206.8,"body":"you think they're going to be."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":203.58999999999997,"endTime":206.8,"body":"Sometimes the buildup and the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":206.8,"endTime":210.25,"body":"worrying about any event turns"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":206.8,"endTime":210.25,"body":"out to be much worse than the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":210.25,"endTime":212.01999999999998,"body":"actual event itself, doesn't it?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":212.05,"endTime":213.04,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":212.05,"endTime":213.04,"body":"absolutely."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":213.07,"endTime":215.89,"body":"What about you?"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":213.07,"endTime":215.89,"body":"Can you think of any examples of"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":215.89,"endTime":219.16,"body":"things that you've dreaded, that"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":215.89,"endTime":219.16,"body":"turned out fine in the end?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":219.19,"endTime":221.07999999999998,"body":"Yeah, I think"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":219.19,"endTime":221.07999999999998,"body":"speaking to lots of adults, I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":221.07999999999998,"endTime":223.9,"body":"mean, when we started doing"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":221.07999999999998,"endTime":223.9,"body":"this, we had to speak to you"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":223.9,"endTime":226.26999999999998,"body":"know, large groups of head"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":223.9,"endTime":226.26999999999998,"body":"teachers and large groups of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":226.26999999999998,"endTime":227.92,"body":"teachers. And I think as"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":226.26999999999998,"endTime":227.92,"body":"teachers, we get used to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":227.92,"endTime":230.71,"body":"speaking to large groups of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":227.92,"endTime":230.71,"body":"children, but actually"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":230.71,"endTime":234.13,"body":"addressing a roomful of adults"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":230.71,"endTime":234.13,"body":"is a different game entirely."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":234.19,"endTime":236.62,"body":"And I think, you know, you do it"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":234.19,"endTime":236.62,"body":"enough, and you learn actually,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":236.62,"endTime":239.59,"body":"nothing bad happens, hopefully,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":236.62,"endTime":239.59,"body":"still fingers crossed, and it's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":239.59,"endTime":242.53,"body":"not as bad as you expected it to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":239.59,"endTime":242.53,"body":"be. It's all about confidence."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":242.53,"endTime":244.6,"body":"And you know, building up with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":242.53,"endTime":244.6,"body":"that experience over time."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":244.63,"endTime":246.46,"body":"It gets easier"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":244.63,"endTime":246.46,"body":"the more you do it, I think"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":246.46,"endTime":246.76,"body":"doesn't it?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":246.76,"endTime":247.15,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":247.21,"endTime":250.03,"body":"Okay, so why"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":247.21,"endTime":250.03,"body":"are you asking this week?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":250.06,"endTime":252.79,"body":"So this week,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":250.06,"endTime":252.79,"body":"I'm interviewing Dr. Walt"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":252.82,"endTime":256.65999999999997,"body":"Karniski, who is a developmental"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":252.82,"endTime":256.65999999999997,"body":"paediatrician, who has lots of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":256.65999999999997,"endTime":260.40999999999997,"body":"experience of diagnosing and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":256.65999999999997,"endTime":260.40999999999997,"body":"supporting kids with ADHD. And"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":260.40999999999997,"endTime":263.59000000000003,"body":"he's coming on the show to talk"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":260.40999999999997,"endTime":263.59000000000003,"body":"about ADHD medication"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":263.59000000000003,"endTime":267.31,"body":"specifically, to clear away some"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":263.59000000000003,"endTime":267.31,"body":"of the myths and misconceptions"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":267.31,"endTime":269.71000000000004,"body":"people may have heard about"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":267.31,"endTime":269.71000000000004,"body":"medication."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":269.75,"endTime":273.14,"body":"And lots of"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":269.75,"endTime":273.14,"body":"parents of kids with ADHD feel"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":273.16999999999996,"endTime":276.91999999999996,"body":"uncomfortable starting their"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":273.16999999999996,"endTime":276.91999999999996,"body":"children with ADHD medication,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":276.91999999999996,"endTime":277.37,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":277.4,"endTime":279.32,"body":"Yeah, that's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":277.4,"endTime":279.32,"body":"absolutely right. And in the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":279.32,"endTime":281.81,"body":"end, it often turns out"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":279.32,"endTime":281.81,"body":"absolutely fine. And it's a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":281.81,"endTime":285.47,"body":"positive thing for the child. So"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":281.81,"endTime":285.47,"body":"we've invited Walt onto the show"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":285.47,"endTime":288.44,"body":"to get the facts, because"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":285.47,"endTime":288.44,"body":"there's lots of pseudoscience"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":288.44,"endTime":292.52,"body":"and half truths about ADHD"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":288.44,"endTime":292.52,"body":"medication on the internet."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":292.35,"endTime":295.23,"body":"Perfect. But"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":292.35,"endTime":295.23,"body":"before we get to that, I've got"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":295.23,"endTime":298.53,"body":"a quick favour to ask, please,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":295.23,"endTime":298.53,"body":"could you share this episode"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":298.53,"endTime":301.68,"body":"with three friends or colleagues"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":298.53,"endTime":301.68,"body":"who you think would find this"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":301.68,"endTime":305.97,"body":"information useful? All you've"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":301.68,"endTime":305.97,"body":"got to do is open your podcast"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":306.0,"endTime":309.99,"body":"app, hit the share button, and"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":306.0,"endTime":309.99,"body":"then send a direct link using"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":309.99,"endTime":314.4,"body":"the method of your choice. It's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":309.99,"endTime":314.4,"body":"really easy a 30 second job and"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":314.4,"endTime":318.53999999999996,"body":"will help more people get the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":314.4,"endTime":318.53999999999996,"body":"information that they need. And"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":318.53999999999996,"endTime":322.08,"body":"now here's Simon's interview"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":318.53999999999996,"endTime":322.08,"body":"with Walt Karniski."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":323.12,"endTime":324.98,"body":"Today I'm"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":323.12,"endTime":324.98,"body":"pleased to welcome Dr. Walt"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":324.98,"endTime":328.58,"body":"Karniski to the podcast. He is a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":324.98,"endTime":328.58,"body":"developmental paediatrician, and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":328.58,"endTime":332.12,"body":"for over 20 years, Walt has"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":328.58,"endTime":332.12,"body":"evaluated and treated children"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":332.12,"endTime":336.40999999999997,"body":"with ADHD, autism, anxiety,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":332.12,"endTime":336.40999999999997,"body":"learning disabilities, and other"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":336.40999999999997,"endTime":339.59000000000003,"body":"developmental difficulties."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":336.40999999999997,"endTime":339.59000000000003,"body":"During that time, he's developed"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":339.59000000000003,"endTime":342.74,"body":"and operated through private"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":339.59000000000003,"endTime":342.74,"body":"schools for children with ADHD,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":342.79999999999995,"endTime":345.83000000000004,"body":"anxiety and learning"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":342.79999999999995,"endTime":345.83000000000004,"body":"disabilities. And in the 40"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":345.83000000000004,"endTime":349.78999999999996,"body":"years he's been practising, he"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":345.83000000000004,"endTime":349.78999999999996,"body":"has evaluated and treated close"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":349.78999999999996,"endTime":354.38,"body":"to 10,000 children, and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":349.78999999999996,"endTime":354.38,"body":"conducted numerous studies of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":354.38,"endTime":358.66999999999996,"body":"brain activity and kids. Dr."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":354.38,"endTime":358.66999999999996,"body":"Karniski approaches each child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":358.70000000000005,"endTime":361.88,"body":"as a unique individual with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":358.70000000000005,"endTime":361.88,"body":"distinct strengths and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":361.88,"endTime":364.85,"body":"weaknesses, where the diagnosis"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":361.88,"endTime":364.85,"body":"does not matter as much as"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":364.85,"endTime":367.82000000000005,"body":"understanding the specific needs"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":364.85,"endTime":367.82000000000005,"body":"of that child. Walter, welcome"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":367.82000000000005,"endTime":368.57000000000005,"body":"to the podcast."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":368.6,"endTime":370.76,"body":"Thank you."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":368.6,"endTime":370.76,"body":"Wonderful being here today."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":370.90999999999997,"endTime":372.47,"body":"And I'm really"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":370.90999999999997,"endTime":372.47,"body":"excited to have someone from the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":372.47,"endTime":375.79999999999995,"body":"medical profession actually to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":372.47,"endTime":375.79999999999995,"body":"help sort of dispel the myths"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":375.79999999999995,"endTime":378.98,"body":"that people may have read on the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":375.79999999999995,"endTime":378.98,"body":"internet or through gossip so we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":378.98,"endTime":382.88,"body":"can get the full facts about"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":378.98,"endTime":382.88,"body":"what ADHD actually is and how"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":382.88,"endTime":384.11,"body":"the medication works."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":384.14,"endTime":387.43999999999994,"body":"Let me start by"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":384.14,"endTime":387.43999999999994,"body":"describing a little story"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":387.53,"endTime":393.02,"body":"Imagine that you are cavemen"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":387.53,"endTime":393.02,"body":"100,000 years ago in a tribe of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":393.02,"endTime":397.46000000000004,"body":"say 30 or 40 individuals. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":393.02,"endTime":397.46000000000004,"body":"your job is to go out every"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":397.46000000000004,"endTime":401.17999999999995,"body":"morning and to pick berries off"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":397.46000000000004,"endTime":401.17999999999995,"body":"this one bush, bring them into"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":401.17999999999995,"endTime":404.41999999999996,"body":"the tribe for their breakfast."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":401.17999999999995,"endTime":404.41999999999996,"body":"So one morning, you're bent over"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":404.41999999999996,"endTime":407.63,"body":"this bush picking berries, and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":404.41999999999996,"endTime":407.63,"body":"all of a sudden you hear a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":407.63,"endTime":410.39,"body":"rustling in the bushes behind,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":407.63,"endTime":410.39,"body":"what should you do?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":410.45000000000005,"endTime":412.70000000000005,"body":"You should"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":410.45000000000005,"endTime":412.70000000000005,"body":"probably run or pay great"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":412.70000000000005,"endTime":415.07000000000005,"body":"attention to what's happening in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":412.70000000000005,"endTime":415.07000000000005,"body":"the bush, okay,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":415.18999999999994,"endTime":418.70000000000005,"body":"If you run and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":415.18999999999994,"endTime":418.70000000000005,"body":"you run back to the cave, all of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":418.70000000000005,"endTime":423.62,"body":"your cave mates are going to be"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":418.70000000000005,"endTime":423.62,"body":"angry at you for not bringing"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":423.65,"endTime":424.61,"body":"breakfast back."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":424.35,"endTime":427.16999999999996,"body":"And especially"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":424.35,"endTime":427.16999999999996,"body":"when they say well, it was just"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":424.61,"endTime":425.17999999999995,"body":"That's true."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":427.16999999999996,"endTime":429.41999999999996,"body":"kind of windy out. And that's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":427.16999999999996,"endTime":429.41999999999996,"body":"what caused the rustling in the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":429.41999999999996,"endTime":432.39,"body":"bushes. So that the important"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":429.41999999999996,"endTime":432.39,"body":"thing that that person will do"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":432.39,"endTime":435.41999999999996,"body":"is as he's hunched over that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":432.39,"endTime":435.41999999999996,"body":"bush picking berries, he would"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":435.41999999999996,"endTime":439.74,"body":"be distracted by the sound"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":435.41999999999996,"endTime":439.74,"body":"behind him if he turns and looks"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":439.74,"endTime":442.67999999999995,"body":"and it's just the wind he can go"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":439.74,"endTime":442.67999999999995,"body":"back to picking the berries. If"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":442.67999999999995,"endTime":445.89,"body":"he turns and he sees the tail of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":442.67999999999995,"endTime":445.89,"body":"a sabre toothed Tiger then he"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":445.89,"endTime":449.42999999999995,"body":"should pull his knife or run,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":445.89,"endTime":449.42999999999995,"body":"but in either case, that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":449.46000000000004,"endTime":454.26,"body":"distractability, saved his life"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":449.46000000000004,"endTime":454.26,"body":"and allowed him to mate more"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":454.26,"endTime":458.30999999999995,"body":"frequently have more children,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":454.26,"endTime":458.30999999999995,"body":"and carry that distractability"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":458.30999999999995,"endTime":462.75,"body":"gene to the next generation. So"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":458.30999999999995,"endTime":462.75,"body":"what I'm describing is really a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":462.75,"endTime":466.5,"body":"process that occurs in the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":462.75,"endTime":466.5,"body":"normal process of evolution and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":466.5,"endTime":471.21000000000004,"body":"is not necessarily a disease"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":466.5,"endTime":471.21000000000004,"body":"until we get to the 20th century"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":471.29999999999995,"endTime":474.80999999999995,"body":"or the 19th century. And in the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":471.29999999999995,"endTime":474.80999999999995,"body":"19th century, things suddenly"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":474.80999999999995,"endTime":478.20000000000005,"body":"changed in the world because it"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":474.80999999999995,"endTime":478.20000000000005,"body":"used to be that children would"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":478.20000000000005,"endTime":481.86,"body":"learn how to farm by working on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":478.20000000000005,"endTime":481.86,"body":"their father's farm from the day"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":481.86,"endTime":484.38,"body":"that they were five years of age"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":481.86,"endTime":484.38,"body":"more than they would work in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":484.38,"endTime":487.16999999999996,"body":"their father's blacksmith shop."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":484.38,"endTime":487.16999999999996,"body":"And they would learn those"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":487.16999999999996,"endTime":491.93999999999994,"body":"skills that way. And suddenly we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":487.16999999999996,"endTime":491.93999999999994,"body":"forced kids to go to school and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":491.97,"endTime":496.08000000000004,"body":"for some children have that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":491.97,"endTime":496.08000000000004,"body":"distractibility gene that's not"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":496.08000000000004,"endTime":499.26,"body":"productive for them. So they"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":496.08000000000004,"endTime":499.26,"body":"could have been productive"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":499.26,"endTime":502.74,"body":"member of society for 100,000"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":499.26,"endTime":502.74,"body":"years. But then we get into the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":502.74,"endTime":506.76,"body":"current day and age. And we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":502.74,"endTime":506.76,"body":"require children to sit quietly"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":506.76,"endTime":508.95000000000005,"body":"in a chair with their hands"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":506.76,"endTime":508.95000000000005,"body":"folded to their feet on the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":508.95000000000005,"endTime":512.1899999999999,"body":"floor, and their eyes focused on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":508.95000000000005,"endTime":512.1899999999999,"body":"the teacher and those children"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":512.1899999999999,"endTime":515.7,"body":"have difficulty doing it. So as"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":512.1899999999999,"endTime":515.7,"body":"a developmental paediatrician, I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":515.7,"endTime":519.66,"body":"had three choices when I was"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":515.7,"endTime":519.66,"body":"presented with a child with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":519.96,"endTime":524.9399999999999,"body":"distractibility, hyperactivity,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":519.96,"endTime":524.9399999999999,"body":"impulsivity, difficulty focusing"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":524.9399999999999,"endTime":528.24,"body":"attention, difficulty with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":524.9399999999999,"endTime":528.24,"body":"memory. When I was presented"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":528.24,"endTime":532.2,"body":"with a child with those"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":528.24,"endTime":532.2,"body":"behaviours, I had to ask myself,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":532.23,"endTime":535.02,"body":"well, is this just part of the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":532.23,"endTime":535.02,"body":"normal process of evolution?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":535.29,"endTime":538.02,"body":"Well, if it is, then what I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":535.29,"endTime":538.02,"body":"really should do is invent a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":538.02,"endTime":541.47,"body":"time machine and send that child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":538.02,"endTime":541.47,"body":"back 100,000 years so that he"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":541.47,"endTime":544.02,"body":"can be a leader of this tribe?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":541.47,"endTime":544.02,"body":"Well, I haven't been very"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":544.02,"endTime":547.47,"body":"successful. With time travel,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":544.02,"endTime":547.47,"body":"that option didn't work. The"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":547.47,"endTime":551.34,"body":"second option would be if I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":547.47,"endTime":551.34,"body":"could change the entire"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":551.34,"endTime":554.9399999999999,"body":"educational structure in the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":551.34,"endTime":554.9399999999999,"body":"country. And actually, I tried"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":554.9399999999999,"endTime":558.84,"body":"to do that we developed three"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":554.9399999999999,"endTime":558.84,"body":"schools for children with ADHD"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":558.84,"endTime":561.48,"body":"and learning problems. These"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":558.84,"endTime":561.48,"body":"schools are specifically"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":561.48,"endTime":565.02,"body":"designed to address the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":561.48,"endTime":565.02,"body":"individual learning styles of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":565.02,"endTime":568.56,"body":"each child rather than the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":565.02,"endTime":568.56,"body":"entire classroom. So each child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":568.56,"endTime":572.55,"body":"is treated as an individual with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":568.56,"endTime":572.55,"body":"a unique set of needs. However,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":572.58,"endTime":575.91,"body":"I can't do that across the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":572.58,"endTime":575.91,"body":"entire country. And so my next"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":575.91,"endTime":581.1,"body":"option was to add a medication,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":575.91,"endTime":581.1,"body":"which increases a child's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":581.1,"endTime":583.86,"body":"ability to focus and attend and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":581.1,"endTime":583.86,"body":"to decrease their"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":583.86,"endTime":587.7,"body":"distractibility, and it doesn't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":583.86,"endTime":587.7,"body":"seem fair, that I should take a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":587.7,"endTime":592.53,"body":"normal condition and have to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":587.7,"endTime":592.53,"body":"medicate that child. But the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":592.53,"endTime":596.52,"body":"bottom line is, once that child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":592.53,"endTime":596.52,"body":"is on medication, he's happier,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":596.55,"endTime":599.94,"body":"he's more alert, he learns"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":596.55,"endTime":599.94,"body":"better, his grades improved, his"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":599.94,"endTime":603.45,"body":"self esteem improves, and the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":599.94,"endTime":603.45,"body":"side effects are minimal to non"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":603.45,"endTime":607.5600000000001,"body":"existent. How can I not treat"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":603.45,"endTime":607.5600000000001,"body":"that child when that child was"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":607.5600000000001,"endTime":612.36,"body":"having so much difficulty with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":607.5600000000001,"endTime":612.36,"body":"an IQ of 140 and failing in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":612.35,"endTime":616.1,"body":"So how does ADHD"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":612.35,"endTime":616.1,"body":"actually sort of impact on the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":612.36,"endTime":612.87,"body":"school?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":616.1,"endTime":618.74,"body":"way the child's brain is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":616.1,"endTime":618.74,"body":"functioning? What is it doing,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":618.89,"endTime":619.73,"body":"that's different?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":619.76,"endTime":621.38,"body":"Well, you mean,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":619.76,"endTime":621.38,"body":"what is it happening in the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":621.38,"endTime":621.89,"body":"brain?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":621.919,"endTime":623.719,"body":"Absolutely. How"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":621.919,"endTime":623.719,"body":"is it affecting the brain that's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":623.719,"endTime":626.059,"body":"affecting the way they're able"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":623.719,"endTime":626.059,"body":"to focus their concentration,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":626.089,"endTime":629.089,"body":"those kind of evolutionary"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":626.089,"endTime":629.089,"body":"difficulties? Well, differences,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":629.089,"endTime":631.339,"body":"not difficulties. Okay. What do"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":629.089,"endTime":631.339,"body":"you see when you look at"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":631.339,"endTime":634.8190000000001,"body":"children's brains? You know, do"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":631.339,"endTime":634.8190000000001,"body":"brain imaging and scanning and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":634.8190000000001,"endTime":637.909,"body":"that kind of thing? What have we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":634.8190000000001,"endTime":637.909,"body":"learned about the way the ADHD"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":637.909,"endTime":638.989,"body":"brain works?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":639.0400000000001,"endTime":642.07,"body":"Well, there are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":639.0400000000001,"endTime":642.07,"body":"three areas of the brain in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":642.07,"endTime":646.9300000000001,"body":"children with ADHD that seem to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":642.07,"endTime":646.9300000000001,"body":"be smaller than in children who"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":646.9300000000001,"endTime":651.13,"body":"do not have ADHD. And I won't go"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":646.9300000000001,"endTime":651.13,"body":"into the technical names of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":651.13,"endTime":655.45,"body":"those three areas. But those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":651.13,"endTime":655.45,"body":"three areas are responsible for"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":655.48,"endTime":659.71,"body":"planning, organisation,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":655.48,"endTime":659.71,"body":"attention, avoiding"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":659.74,"endTime":664.1800000000001,"body":"distractibility, and impulsivity"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":659.74,"endTime":664.1800000000001,"body":"and memory and so on. And those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":664.21,"endTime":667.84,"body":"are the main symptoms that we"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":664.21,"endTime":667.84,"body":"see in ADHD. The striking"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":667.99,"endTime":672.19,"body":"finding was, that occurred about"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":667.99,"endTime":672.19,"body":"10 to 15 years ago was when"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":672.19,"endTime":676.0,"body":"people started scanning the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":672.19,"endTime":676.0,"body":"brains of children with ADHD"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":676.03,"endTime":679.6,"body":"sophisticated scanning tools,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":676.03,"endTime":679.6,"body":"they found that those three"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":679.6,"endTime":684.0400000000001,"body":"areas of the brain were smaller"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":679.6,"endTime":684.0400000000001,"body":"in children with ADHD. Now, that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":684.0400000000001,"endTime":686.83,"body":"doesn't necessarily mean that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":684.0400000000001,"endTime":686.83,"body":"they're not functioning as well."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":687.1,"endTime":690.3100000000001,"body":"It's simply means they're"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":687.1,"endTime":690.3100000000001,"body":"smaller. However, what was"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":690.34,"endTime":693.94,"body":"really striking about those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":690.34,"endTime":693.94,"body":"studies is that they kept track"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":693.94,"endTime":697.1800000000001,"body":"of those children that they had"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":693.94,"endTime":697.1800000000001,"body":"scanned, and 20 years later,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":697.21,"endTime":700.9,"body":"they scanned them again, as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":697.21,"endTime":700.9,"body":"adults. Now some of those adults"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":700.9,"endTime":703.9300000000001,"body":"had been treated with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":700.9,"endTime":703.9300000000001,"body":"medication. And some of them had"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":703.9300000000001,"endTime":706.75,"body":"not been. So what the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":703.9300000000001,"endTime":706.75,"body":"researchers did was they"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":706.75,"endTime":709.99,"body":"compared the scans now of the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":706.75,"endTime":709.99,"body":"adults who had been treated with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":709.99,"endTime":712.87,"body":"medication versus those who had"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":709.99,"endTime":712.87,"body":"not been treated. And lo and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":712.87,"endTime":716.08,"body":"behold, what they found was"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":712.87,"endTime":716.08,"body":"those three areas of the brain"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":716.11,"endTime":720.16,"body":"that had been shrunken, as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":716.11,"endTime":720.16,"body":"children had now become the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":720.19,"endTime":724.33,"body":"appropriate size in the adults"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":720.19,"endTime":724.33,"body":"who had been on medication. But"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":724.36,"endTime":727.69,"body":"those adults who have not been"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":724.36,"endTime":727.69,"body":"treated with medication as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":727.69,"endTime":731.47,"body":"children continued to have"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":727.69,"endTime":731.47,"body":"smaller areas of the brain in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":731.47,"endTime":732.94,"body":"each of those three areas."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":733.1,"endTime":734.84,"body":"So this is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":733.1,"endTime":734.84,"body":"really interesting, because as a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":734.84,"endTime":738.41,"body":"teacher, or someone works in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":734.84,"endTime":738.41,"body":"schools, I associate ADHD"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":738.41,"endTime":740.96,"body":"medication is having a really"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":738.41,"endTime":740.96,"body":"short term impact you give it"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":740.96,"endTime":743.57,"body":"them in the morning, its effects"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":740.96,"endTime":743.57,"body":"have worn off later in the day,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":743.69,"endTime":746.51,"body":"what you're saying is, the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":743.69,"endTime":746.51,"body":"research shows that over time,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":746.57,"endTime":749.51,"body":"there's like a some sort of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":746.57,"endTime":749.51,"body":"cumulative impact that actually"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":749.5400000000001,"endTime":751.19,"body":"changes the brain structure in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":749.5400000000001,"endTime":751.19,"body":"some way."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":751.3100000000001,"endTime":753.2900000000001,"body":"Exactly. Let me"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":751.3100000000001,"endTime":753.2900000000001,"body":"give you an example of the way"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":753.2900000000001,"endTime":757.58,"body":"that they work. If you break"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":753.2900000000001,"endTime":757.58,"body":"your arm, and the doctor puts a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":757.58,"endTime":761.24,"body":"cast on your arm for six weeks,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":757.58,"endTime":761.24,"body":"you don't use the muscles in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":761.24,"endTime":764.9300000000001,"body":"that arm for six weeks. And when"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":761.24,"endTime":764.9300000000001,"body":"he takes the cast off, those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":764.9300000000001,"endTime":768.26,"body":"muscles will have atrophied. By"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":764.9300000000001,"endTime":768.26,"body":"atrophy, I mean, they will have"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":768.26,"endTime":771.9200000000001,"body":"shrunk and out of misuse and the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":768.26,"endTime":771.9200000000001,"body":"appropriate treatment, that is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":771.9200000000001,"endTime":776.12,"body":"to start using them again, and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":771.9200000000001,"endTime":776.12,"body":"the muscle grows back and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":776.12,"endTime":780.23,"body":"increases in size. That's true"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":776.12,"endTime":780.23,"body":"of brain structures as well. In"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":780.2900000000001,"endTime":783.38,"body":"animal studies, we have taken"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":780.2900000000001,"endTime":783.38,"body":"for instance, theyve taken a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":783.38,"endTime":788.39,"body":"mouse and cut the nerve from the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":783.38,"endTime":788.39,"body":"ear to the brain. So everything"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":788.39,"endTime":791.09,"body":"else is functioning fine, the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":788.39,"endTime":791.09,"body":"ear's functioning fine, but it's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":791.09,"endTime":794.15,"body":"not transmitting a message to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":791.09,"endTime":794.15,"body":"the brain. And what we find in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":794.15,"endTime":798.86,"body":"those mice is over time, the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":794.15,"endTime":798.86,"body":"area of the brain that is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":798.86,"endTime":802.49,"body":"receiving the information from"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":798.86,"endTime":802.49,"body":"the ear starts to shrink,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":802.52,"endTime":806.6,"body":"because it's not being used. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":802.52,"endTime":806.6,"body":"if the hearing is restored to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":806.6,"endTime":810.41,"body":"that mouse, then that area of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":806.6,"endTime":810.41,"body":"the brain starts to increase"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":810.41,"endTime":816.02,"body":"again. So we know that use"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":810.41,"endTime":816.02,"body":"causes increased brain structure"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":816.08,"endTime":820.58,"body":"in misuse causes structures to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":816.08,"endTime":820.58,"body":"atrophy, or deteriorate in a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":820.35,"endTime":823.0500000000001,"body":"So are we saying"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":820.35,"endTime":823.0500000000001,"body":"here, that the medication"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":820.58,"endTime":820.88,"body":"way."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":823.08,"endTime":826.8000000000001,"body":"enables them to use these parts"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":823.08,"endTime":826.8000000000001,"body":"of their brains where they"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":826.8000000000001,"endTime":829.2900000000001,"body":"weren't necessarily being used"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":826.8000000000001,"endTime":829.2900000000001,"body":"so much before gives them the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":829.2900000000001,"endTime":832.71,"body":"opportunity to go to the gym and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":829.2900000000001,"endTime":832.71,"body":"build that muscle? Whereas"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":832.71,"endTime":835.38,"body":"before that option wasn't"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":832.71,"endTime":835.38,"body":"available to them. Is that the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":835.38,"endTime":836.82,"body":"kind of analogy or..?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":836.35,"endTime":839.74,"body":"That's exactly"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":836.35,"endTime":839.74,"body":"the analogy and I had a 10 year"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":839.74,"endTime":844.0600000000001,"body":"old child one time who told his"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":839.74,"endTime":844.0600000000001,"body":"teacher to shut up because he"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":844.0600000000001,"endTime":847.03,"body":"was tired of listening to her."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":844.0600000000001,"endTime":847.03,"body":"But he got in big trouble. I've"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":847.03,"endTime":849.58,"body":"sent to the principal's office."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":847.03,"endTime":849.58,"body":"The next day, he brought in a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":849.58,"endTime":854.86,"body":"letter to the teacher, it said"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":849.58,"endTime":854.86,"body":"Dear Mrs. Smith, I apologise for"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":854.86,"endTime":857.5,"body":"telling you to shut up"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":854.86,"endTime":857.5,"body":"yesterday, I don't know what"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":857.5,"endTime":861.5500000000001,"body":"happens. But sometimes my brain"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":857.5,"endTime":861.5500000000001,"body":"just blurt out things without me"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":861.5500000000001,"endTime":864.7900000000001,"body":"controlling them. So this 10"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":861.5500000000001,"endTime":864.7900000000001,"body":"year old child understood"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":864.7900000000001,"endTime":868.21,"body":"exactly what was happening, and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":864.7900000000001,"endTime":868.21,"body":"he couldn't control it. When he"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":868.21,"endTime":871.87,"body":"was on medication, he was able"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":868.21,"endTime":871.87,"body":"to control those impulses and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":871.87,"endTime":873.52,"body":"didn't tell his teacher to shut"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":871.87,"endTime":873.52,"body":"up."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":873.58,"endTime":875.26,"body":"And this is one"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":873.58,"endTime":875.26,"body":"thing that tallies in my"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":875.26,"endTime":877.87,"body":"experience of working with lots"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":875.26,"endTime":877.87,"body":"and lots of kids with ADHD is"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":877.87,"endTime":881.77,"body":"they often engage in behaviours"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":877.87,"endTime":881.77,"body":"in the moment, and then really"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":881.8000000000001,"endTime":885.37,"body":"regret it afterwards. And they"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":881.8000000000001,"endTime":885.37,"body":"almost get into a shame spiral"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":885.37,"endTime":887.8000000000001,"body":"sometimes about that behaviour"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":885.37,"endTime":887.8000000000001,"body":"in school, because it's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":887.8000000000001,"endTime":889.51,"body":"something that's kind of beyond"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":887.8000000000001,"endTime":889.51,"body":"their control."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":889.35,"endTime":892.26,"body":"Exactly. It is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":889.35,"endTime":892.26,"body":"beyond their control. And yet,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":892.2900000000001,"endTime":895.62,"body":"their continually able to do all"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":892.2900000000001,"endTime":895.62,"body":"of the functions that you would"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":895.62,"endTime":898.77,"body":"expect them to do, they can"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":895.62,"endTime":898.77,"body":"listen and attend and focus on"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":898.77,"endTime":901.89,"body":"something as highly interesting,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":898.77,"endTime":901.89,"body":"like a video game. And parents"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":901.89,"endTime":905.64,"body":"say, well, that's a sign that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":901.89,"endTime":905.64,"body":"this is not medically related,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":905.94,"endTime":909.0,"body":"because they can focus on the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":905.94,"endTime":909.0,"body":"video game. But the video game"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":909.0,"endTime":912.0600000000001,"body":"is giving them constant"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":909.0,"endTime":912.0600000000001,"body":"feedback, or the book that they"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":912.0600000000001,"endTime":915.21,"body":"have in front of them, is just"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":912.0600000000001,"endTime":915.21,"body":"sitting there waiting for them"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":915.21,"endTime":918.21,"body":"to process the information, it"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":915.21,"endTime":918.21,"body":"takes a different way of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":918.21,"endTime":921.3000000000001,"body":"thinking. The other thing I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":918.21,"endTime":921.3000000000001,"body":"should mention is that how the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":921.3000000000001,"endTime":925.23,"body":"brain communicates, is by"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":921.3000000000001,"endTime":925.23,"body":"sending messages from one nerve"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":925.23,"endTime":928.6800000000001,"body":"cell to another. And at the end"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":925.23,"endTime":928.6800000000001,"body":"of those nerve cells are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":928.6800000000001,"endTime":931.38,"body":"chemicals called"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":928.6800000000001,"endTime":931.38,"body":"neurotransmitters. And there are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":931.38,"endTime":934.77,"body":"two neurotransmitters in the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":931.38,"endTime":934.77,"body":"three areas of the brain that we"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":934.77,"endTime":937.6800000000001,"body":"talked about that are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":934.77,"endTime":937.6800000000001,"body":"predominant norepinephrine, and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":937.71,"endTime":942.48,"body":"dopamine. And it's been found in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":937.71,"endTime":942.48,"body":"children with ADHD, both areas"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":942.48,"endTime":946.59,"body":"of the brain have a decreased"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":942.48,"endTime":946.59,"body":"activity of those two substances"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":946.89,"endTime":950.3100000000001,"body":"that don't have the same amount."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":946.89,"endTime":950.3100000000001,"body":"It don't seem to be working as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":950.3100000000001,"endTime":954.87,"body":"well. The medications that are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":950.3100000000001,"endTime":954.87,"body":"used today look almost exactly"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":954.96,"endTime":958.77,"body":"like those two neurotransmitters"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":954.96,"endTime":958.77,"body":"that are normally functioning in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":958.77,"endTime":961.71,"body":"the brain. So when you take the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":958.77,"endTime":961.71,"body":"medication, all that is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":961.71,"endTime":965.88,"body":"happening is that that area of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":961.71,"endTime":965.88,"body":"the brain is getting an increase"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":965.91,"endTime":969.99,"body":"in those chemical substances"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":965.91,"endTime":969.99,"body":"back to the level that you would"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":969.99,"endTime":973.98,"body":"expect them to occur so that the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":969.99,"endTime":973.98,"body":"child can focus and attend."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":974.01,"endTime":977.52,"body":"These medications are not"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":974.01,"endTime":977.52,"body":"suppressing a child. They're not"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":977.52,"endTime":980.76,"body":"sedating a child, they're not"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":977.52,"endTime":980.76,"body":"changing the brain activity. As"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":980.76,"endTime":982.8000000000001,"body":"a matter of fact, what they're"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":980.76,"endTime":982.8000000000001,"body":"really doing is bringing the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":982.8000000000001,"endTime":986.7,"body":"brain back to a more average"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":982.8000000000001,"endTime":986.7,"body":"normal functioning state."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":986.73,"endTime":990.15,"body":"Medication doesn't teach your"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":986.73,"endTime":990.15,"body":"child anything. But it gives the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":990.15,"endTime":994.08,"body":"child the ability to learn from"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":990.15,"endTime":994.08,"body":"normal teaching methods."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":994.3100000000001,"endTime":995.87,"body":"And if you're"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":994.3100000000001,"endTime":995.87,"body":"listening in the UK think you"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":995.87,"endTime":998.45,"body":"use the term epinephrine. Now I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":995.87,"endTime":998.45,"body":"think we use adrenaline and I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":998.45,"endTime":1001.15,"body":"think norepinephrine, we call"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":998.45,"endTime":1001.15,"body":"that noradrenaline in the UK,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1001.1800000000001,"endTime":1003.64,"body":"There's actually"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1001.1800000000001,"endTime":1003.64,"body":"about 200 different"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1003.64,"endTime":1007.8100000000001,"body":"neurotransmitters in the brain."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1003.64,"endTime":1007.8100000000001,"body":"And the way that medication"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1008.1700000000001,"endTime":1011.9200000000001,"body":"affects just certain functions"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1008.1700000000001,"endTime":1011.9200000000001,"body":"in the brain is by targeting"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1011.9200000000001,"endTime":1014.62,"body":"certain neurotransmitters. So we"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1011.9200000000001,"endTime":1014.62,"body":"know that those two"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1014.62,"endTime":1018.61,"body":"neurotransmitters are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1014.62,"endTime":1018.61,"body":"dysfunctional in the brain. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1018.61,"endTime":1023.59,"body":"when medication corrects that it"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1018.61,"endTime":1023.59,"body":"only only changes the activity"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1023.77,"endTime":1028.96,"body":"of those two neurotransmitters,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1023.77,"endTime":1028.96,"body":"not the other 199. As a result,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1028.99,"endTime":1032.6499999999999,"body":"you can use the medication to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1028.99,"endTime":1032.6499999999999,"body":"focus on just specific brain"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1032.35,"endTime":1035.08,"body":"So you've"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1032.35,"endTime":1035.08,"body":"touched on this already, you've"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1032.6499999999999,"endTime":1033.34,"body":"activity."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1035.08,"endTime":1037.72,"body":"talked about sedatives, and I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1035.08,"endTime":1037.72,"body":"think there is sort of a popular"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1037.72,"endTime":1041.1399999999999,"body":"belief out there that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1037.72,"endTime":1041.1399999999999,"body":"medications are for ADHD or like"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1041.1399999999999,"endTime":1043.8999999999999,"body":"sedatives, and sometimes parents"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1041.1399999999999,"endTime":1043.8999999999999,"body":"talk about their kids, you know,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1043.8999999999999,"endTime":1046.03,"body":"becoming like zombies. But"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1043.8999999999999,"endTime":1046.03,"body":"you've touched on that that's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1046.03,"endTime":1049.57,"body":"not the case. So what are the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1046.03,"endTime":1049.57,"body":"substances that are used to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1049.78,"endTime":1050.86,"body":"medicate ADHD?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1050.95,"endTime":1053.35,"body":"When we treat"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1050.95,"endTime":1053.35,"body":"children with ADHD with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1053.35,"endTime":1057.43,"body":"medication, we have two major"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1053.35,"endTime":1057.43,"body":"choices of medication, either"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1057.43,"endTime":1061.6299999999999,"body":"the stimulants, or the non"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1057.43,"endTime":1061.6299999999999,"body":"stimulants. The stimulants are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1061.6599999999999,"endTime":1064.8999999999999,"body":"more effective than the non"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1061.6599999999999,"endTime":1064.8999999999999,"body":"stimulants, they're highly"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1064.8999999999999,"endTime":1068.02,"body":"effective in treating the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1064.8999999999999,"endTime":1068.02,"body":"symptoms of ADHD. Whereas the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1068.02,"endTime":1071.59,"body":"non stimulants are moderately"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1068.02,"endTime":1071.59,"body":"affective. The difference is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1071.6499999999999,"endTime":1075.07,"body":"that all of the side effects"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1071.6499999999999,"endTime":1075.07,"body":"that occur with the stimulants"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1075.07,"endTime":1078.67,"body":"and we can go into what those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1075.07,"endTime":1078.67,"body":"side effects are are minimised"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1078.7,"endTime":1082.27,"body":"by the non stimulants. So if a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1078.7,"endTime":1082.27,"body":"child develops significant side"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1082.27,"endTime":1085.84,"body":"effects on a stimulant, then we"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1082.27,"endTime":1085.84,"body":"can switch to a non stimulant to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1085.84,"endTime":1089.02,"body":"minimise the side effects. If we"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1085.84,"endTime":1089.02,"body":"go back to the stimulus versus"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1089.02,"endTime":1093.46,"body":"the non stimulus. There are two"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1089.02,"endTime":1093.46,"body":"main stimulants, methylphenidate"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1093.49,"endTime":1096.61,"body":"and amphetamine. Methylphenidate"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1093.49,"endTime":1096.61,"body":"is the main ingredient in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1096.61,"endTime":1099.9099999999999,"body":"Ritalin, Concerta, metrodate,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1096.61,"endTime":1099.9099999999999,"body":"and a number of different"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1099.9099999999999,"endTime":1103.93,"body":"medications. And Amphetamine is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1099.9099999999999,"endTime":1103.93,"body":"the main medication involved in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1103.99,"endTime":1107.95,"body":"Adderall, Vyvanse. And many"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1103.99,"endTime":1107.95,"body":"other medications as well."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1108.01,"endTime":1110.83,"body":"When you say"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1108.01,"endTime":1110.83,"body":"amphetamine to me as a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1110.83,"endTime":1113.62,"body":"layperson, a non medical person,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1110.83,"endTime":1113.62,"body":"the first thing I'm thinking of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1113.62,"endTime":1114.4299999999998,"body":"a street drugs,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1114.35,"endTime":1117.53,"body":"Well, street"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1114.35,"endTime":1117.53,"body":"drugs are similar in structure"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1117.53,"endTime":1120.74,"body":"to these medications, they do"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1117.53,"endTime":1120.74,"body":"work on the brain, but what you"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1120.74,"endTime":1123.9199999999998,"body":"call speed amphetamine on the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1120.74,"endTime":1123.9199999999998,"body":"street is really"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1124.55,"endTime":1127.1599999999999,"body":"met-amphetamine, which is a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1124.55,"endTime":1127.1599999999999,"body":"different chemical substance."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1127.1599999999999,"endTime":1130.82,"body":"And yes, it shares the same"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1127.1599999999999,"endTime":1130.82,"body":"basic molecular structure, but"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1130.82,"endTime":1134.75,"body":"it has something to added on to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1130.82,"endTime":1134.75,"body":"it to change the activity of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1134.75,"endTime":1137.6899999999998,"body":"those neurotransmitters in the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1134.75,"endTime":1137.6899999999998,"body":"brain. So they're not acting in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1137.6899999999998,"endTime":1140.33,"body":"a normal way. So we have"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1137.6899999999998,"endTime":1140.33,"body":"amphetamines that are used in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1140.33,"endTime":1145.37,"body":"treating ADHD, or bringing the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1140.33,"endTime":1145.37,"body":"brain back to an average type of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1145.4299999999998,"endTime":1148.1299999999999,"body":"neural functioning, where if"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1145.4299999999998,"endTime":1148.1299999999999,"body":"somebody who takes the street"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1148.1299999999999,"endTime":1152.9299999999998,"body":"drugs are getting an enhanced"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1148.1299999999999,"endTime":1152.9299999999998,"body":"effect, on pleasure areas in the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1152.9299999999998,"endTime":1156.32,"body":"brain, and so on. And of course,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1152.9299999999998,"endTime":1156.32,"body":"that leads to addiction and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1156.32,"endTime":1159.59,"body":"other problems. These"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1156.32,"endTime":1159.59,"body":"medications are not addictive,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1159.6499999999999,"endTime":1162.6499999999999,"body":"they do not give highs. As a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1159.6499999999999,"endTime":1162.6499999999999,"body":"matter of fact, one of the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1162.6499999999999,"endTime":1166.49,"body":"biggest problems I have in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1162.6499999999999,"endTime":1166.49,"body":"treating adolescents with ADHD"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1166.52,"endTime":1169.07,"body":"is keeping them on their"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1166.52,"endTime":1169.07,"body":"medication, if the medications"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1169.07,"endTime":1171.8899999999999,"body":"were giving them a high, they"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1169.07,"endTime":1171.8899999999999,"body":"would be glad to take it. In"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1171.9199999999998,"endTime":1175.31,"body":"reality, when they're on their"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1171.9199999999998,"endTime":1175.31,"body":"medication, they just feel"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1175.31,"endTime":1175.79,"body":"normal."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1175.82,"endTime":1179.57,"body":"So these are"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1175.82,"endTime":1179.57,"body":"safe, researched, chemicals that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1179.57,"endTime":1181.9699999999998,"body":"don't have sort of adverse"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1179.57,"endTime":1181.9699999999998,"body":"impacts on the brain, we're not"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1181.9699999999998,"endTime":1185.3899999999999,"body":"putting anything particularly"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1181.9699999999998,"endTime":1185.3899999999999,"body":"foreign to the body and side"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1185.3899999999999,"endTime":1186.4699999999998,"body":"effects can be well managed?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1186.35,"endTime":1190.6699999999998,"body":"Yes, there's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1186.35,"endTime":1190.6699999999998,"body":"actually no serious long term"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1190.6699999999998,"endTime":1193.58,"body":"side effects of these"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1190.6699999999998,"endTime":1193.58,"body":"medications. All of the side"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1193.9699999999998,"endTime":1197.54,"body":"effects that do occur, occur"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1193.9699999999998,"endTime":1197.54,"body":"while the medication's in the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1197.54,"endTime":1201.11,"body":"body. So for instance, Ritalin"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1197.54,"endTime":1201.11,"body":"only lasts about three and a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1201.11,"endTime":1205.1299999999999,"body":"half hours. So if there are side"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1201.11,"endTime":1205.1299999999999,"body":"effects to Ritalin, it's going"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1205.1299999999999,"endTime":1207.83,"body":"to occur during those three and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1205.1299999999999,"endTime":1207.83,"body":"a half hours. And once the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1207.83,"endTime":1211.73,"body":"Ritalin has worn off, it no"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1207.83,"endTime":1211.73,"body":"longer has a positive effect,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1211.73,"endTime":1215.03,"body":"and no longer has a side effect"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1211.73,"endTime":1215.03,"body":"either. So there are no long"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1215.03,"endTime":1218.84,"body":"term side effects. Let me give"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1215.03,"endTime":1218.84,"body":"you an example. I had another"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1218.84,"endTime":1222.3799999999999,"body":"child who is diagnosed with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1218.84,"endTime":1222.3799999999999,"body":"ADHD, he was about nine or 10"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1222.3799999999999,"endTime":1226.07,"body":"years of age, and we started him"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1222.3799999999999,"endTime":1226.07,"body":"on medication. Mother brought"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1226.07,"endTime":1229.34,"body":"him back in two weeks that for"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1226.07,"endTime":1229.34,"body":"the first follow up visit, and I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1229.34,"endTime":1232.4599999999998,"body":"asked him, Well, how are things"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1229.34,"endTime":1232.4599999999998,"body":"going? And he said, well, the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1232.4599999999998,"endTime":1235.9699999999998,"body":"teacher thinks that he's doing"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1232.4599999999998,"endTime":1235.9699999999998,"body":"fabulous, he's focusing better"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1235.9699999999998,"endTime":1239.2099999999998,"body":"in school. He's not hitting"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1235.9699999999998,"endTime":1239.2099999999998,"body":"other children. He's learning"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1239.2099999999998,"endTime":1242.51,"body":"better, his grades have improved"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1239.2099999999998,"endTime":1242.51,"body":"for the better, but at home, I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1242.51,"endTime":1245.36,"body":"said, Well, that sounds great."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1242.51,"endTime":1245.36,"body":"What's the problem? And she"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1245.36,"endTime":1248.6899999999998,"body":"said, well, at home, he's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1245.36,"endTime":1248.6899999999998,"body":"depressed. Oh, really? What? Why"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1248.6899999999998,"endTime":1252.08,"body":"do you think he's depressed? And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1248.6899999999998,"endTime":1252.08,"body":"she said, Well, he comes home"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1252.08,"endTime":1256.04,"body":"from school every day. He goes"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1252.08,"endTime":1256.04,"body":"to his room. He opens up a book"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1256.04,"endTime":1259.85,"body":"and he reads for two hours. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1256.04,"endTime":1259.85,"body":"I said, Yes. And what's wrong"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1259.85,"endTime":1262.82,"body":"with that? And she said, Well,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1259.85,"endTime":1262.82,"body":"he's never been that way before."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1263.03,"endTime":1265.82,"body":"He's usually running around the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1263.03,"endTime":1265.82,"body":"house pulling the cat's tail,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1265.82,"endTime":1269.8999999999999,"body":"knocking over the lamp, yelling"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1265.82,"endTime":1269.8999999999999,"body":"at me, running out the door when"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1269.8999999999999,"endTime":1273.05,"body":"he's not supposed to be. Now"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1269.8999999999999,"endTime":1273.05,"body":"he's just sitting. I said to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1273.05,"endTime":1276.35,"body":"her, I said, if he had been born"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1273.05,"endTime":1276.35,"body":"that way, would you have been"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1276.35,"endTime":1279.5,"body":"concerned? She looked at me like"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1276.35,"endTime":1279.5,"body":"I was crazy. She said, Well, of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1279.5,"endTime":1283.1299999999999,"body":"course not. I said, then what"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1279.5,"endTime":1283.1299999999999,"body":"you're seeing when your child is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1283.1299999999999,"endTime":1286.9399999999998,"body":"on medication, is what he would"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1283.1299999999999,"endTime":1286.9399999999998,"body":"have been like if he hadnt been"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1286.9399999999998,"endTime":1290.3,"body":"born with ADHD. And so the fact"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1286.9399999999998,"endTime":1290.3,"body":"that he sits and reads for two"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1290.3,"endTime":1293.4199999999998,"body":"hours is not an abnormality."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1290.3,"endTime":1293.4199999999998,"body":"It's not a sign of depression,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1293.48,"endTime":1296.4199999999998,"body":"it's a sign of that the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1293.48,"endTime":1296.4199999999998,"body":"medication is working and doing"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1296.4199999999998,"endTime":1297.35,"body":"what it's supposed to be doing."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1297.37,"endTime":1299.1399999999999,"body":"Just how"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1297.37,"endTime":1299.1399999999999,"body":"effective are these medications"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1299.1399999999999,"endTime":1301.6899999999998,"body":"in general? That's one sort of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1299.1399999999999,"endTime":1301.6899999999998,"body":"anecdotal story. But when we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1301.6899999999998,"endTime":1304.7199999999998,"body":"look at the statistics, what's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1301.6899999999998,"endTime":1304.7199999999998,"body":"the impact kind of on a wider"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1304.7199999999998,"endTime":1306.8799999999999,"body":"scale when we look at hundreds"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1304.7199999999998,"endTime":1306.8799999999999,"body":"or 1000s of children?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1306.9199999999998,"endTime":1309.59,"body":"Okay, well,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1306.9199999999998,"endTime":1309.59,"body":"first, I should mention that for"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1309.59,"endTime":1311.84,"body":"every year, for the last 20"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1309.59,"endTime":1311.84,"body":"years, there have been"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1311.84,"endTime":1315.9499999999998,"body":"approximately 350 research"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1311.84,"endTime":1315.9499999999998,"body":"studies published in the world,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1316.04,"endTime":1319.52,"body":"concerning these medications,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1316.04,"endTime":1319.52,"body":"most of those studies are"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1319.55,"endTime":1323.33,"body":"looking at the effect of the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1319.55,"endTime":1323.33,"body":"medication on children's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1323.33,"endTime":1328.4599999999998,"body":"behaviour. And those 350 studies"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1323.33,"endTime":1328.4599999999998,"body":"overwhelmingly show every year"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1328.6999999999998,"endTime":1333.08,"body":"that the medications are safe"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1328.6999999999998,"endTime":1333.08,"body":"and effective. So that's the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1333.08,"endTime":1335.12,"body":"first thing that's important."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1333.08,"endTime":1335.12,"body":"The second thing that's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1335.12,"endTime":1339.08,"body":"important to remember is what"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1335.12,"endTime":1339.08,"body":"happens if you do not treat"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1339.08,"endTime":1343.8799999999999,"body":"somebody with ADHD. And I could"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1339.08,"endTime":1343.8799999999999,"body":"probably spend the next hour"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1344.3,"endTime":1347.06,"body":"talking about some of the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1344.3,"endTime":1347.06,"body":"problems that occur. But in just"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1347.06,"endTime":1351.08,"body":"about every area, adults with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1347.06,"endTime":1351.08,"body":"ADHD who are not treated with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1351.08,"endTime":1355.37,"body":"medication as children are more"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1351.08,"endTime":1355.37,"body":"likely to be in a car accident,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1355.4299999999998,"endTime":1358.79,"body":"they're more likely to have been"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1355.4299999999998,"endTime":1358.79,"body":"fired from a job, they're more"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1358.79,"endTime":1362.24,"body":"likely to have been arrested,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1358.79,"endTime":1362.24,"body":"they're more likely to have gone"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1362.24,"endTime":1365.6299999999999,"body":"bankrupt, they're more likely to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1362.24,"endTime":1365.6299999999999,"body":"have abused drugs, they're more"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1365.6299999999999,"endTime":1369.08,"body":"likely to smoke or drink"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1365.6299999999999,"endTime":1369.08,"body":"excessively. And the amazing"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1369.08,"endTime":1372.08,"body":"thing is that in the studies"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1369.08,"endTime":1372.08,"body":"that have looked at the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1372.08,"endTime":1375.56,"body":"differences in adults, is that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1372.08,"endTime":1375.56,"body":"those adults that were treated"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1375.56,"endTime":1379.9699999999998,"body":"with medication have about the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1375.56,"endTime":1379.9699999999998,"body":"same problems in those areas as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1379.9699999999998,"endTime":1383.12,"body":"people who don't have ADHD. So"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1379.9699999999998,"endTime":1383.12,"body":"they still get into car"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1383.12,"endTime":1386.6299999999999,"body":"accidents, but at the same rate"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1383.12,"endTime":1386.6299999999999,"body":"as somebody does not have ADHD."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1386.84,"endTime":1390.56,"body":"What it seems to be implying is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1386.84,"endTime":1390.56,"body":"that the medications, whether"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1390.56,"endTime":1393.6799999999998,"body":"they're treated with medication"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1390.56,"endTime":1393.6799999999998,"body":"as adults or not, but if they"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1393.6799999999998,"endTime":1397.1299999999999,"body":"were treated with medication as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1393.6799999999998,"endTime":1397.1299999999999,"body":"children, their outcome is far"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1397.1299999999999,"endTime":1400.9099999999999,"body":"better than if they were"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1397.1299999999999,"endTime":1400.9099999999999,"body":"diagnosed with ADHD and not"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1400.9099999999999,"endTime":1401.9599999999998,"body":"treated with medication."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1402.01,"endTime":1404.08,"body":"So I find this"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1402.01,"endTime":1404.08,"body":"research absolutely fascinating,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1404.08,"endTime":1406.6,"body":"because I've not come across it"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1404.08,"endTime":1406.6,"body":"before the first time I came"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1406.6,"endTime":1409.03,"body":"across this over the long term"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1406.6,"endTime":1409.03,"body":"impact of medication was when I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1409.03,"endTime":1411.52,"body":"read your book, which I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1409.03,"endTime":1411.52,"body":"thoroughly recommend, by the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1411.52,"endTime":1415.06,"body":"way, do we know we talked about"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1411.52,"endTime":1415.06,"body":"children being treated sort of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1415.06,"endTime":1417.61,"body":"in the long term, and that's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1415.06,"endTime":1417.61,"body":"bringing long term changes in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1417.61,"endTime":1420.2199999999998,"body":"their sort of brain structure?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1417.61,"endTime":1420.2199999999998,"body":"What do we mean by long term?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1420.25,"endTime":1422.32,"body":"Are we talking about three or"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1420.25,"endTime":1422.32,"body":"four years? We're talking all"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1422.32,"endTime":1424.7199999999998,"body":"the way through their childhood?"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1422.32,"endTime":1424.7199999999998,"body":"Was there any sort of idea of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1424.7199999999998,"endTime":1428.4099999999999,"body":"how long the medication had to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1424.7199999999998,"endTime":1428.4099999999999,"body":"be administered to get those"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1428.4099999999999,"endTime":1429.49,"body":"long term changes?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1429.35,"endTime":1433.79,"body":"Great question."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1429.35,"endTime":1433.79,"body":"You know, I had a 73 year old"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1433.79,"endTime":1437.0,"body":"woman come to see me, she said,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1433.79,"endTime":1437.0,"body":"You know, I've been having"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1437.0,"endTime":1440.0,"body":"trouble with keeping organised"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1437.0,"endTime":1440.0,"body":"all my life, and I had been"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1440.0,"endTime":1442.73,"body":"reading about ADHD. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1440.0,"endTime":1442.73,"body":"sometimes I wonder if I had"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1442.73,"endTime":1446.0,"body":"ADHD. So we ran her through all"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1442.73,"endTime":1446.0,"body":"the tests and she came back"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1446.0,"endTime":1450.59,"body":"positive for ADHD. She elected"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1446.0,"endTime":1450.59,"body":"at 73, not to be treated with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1450.59,"endTime":1453.83,"body":"medication. But she came back"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1450.59,"endTime":1453.83,"body":"and said, well, at least I know"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1453.83,"endTime":1457.6399999999999,"body":"now what's causing all those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1453.83,"endTime":1457.6399999999999,"body":"problems. The difference between"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1457.6399999999999,"endTime":1462.56,"body":"how a child works in a school"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1457.6399999999999,"endTime":1462.56,"body":"classroom setting versus an"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1462.56,"endTime":1466.1599999999999,"body":"adult who's working in a work"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1462.56,"endTime":1466.1599999999999,"body":"setting, dealing with other"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1466.1599999999999,"endTime":1469.79,"body":"people. And so long term"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1466.1599999999999,"endTime":1469.79,"body":"studies, usually the distance"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1469.79,"endTime":1473.57,"body":"between a 10 year old and how"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1469.79,"endTime":1473.57,"body":"that child is doing maybe as a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1473.6,"endTime":1477.4699999999998,"body":"30 year old, so 15 to 20 years"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1473.6,"endTime":1477.4699999999998,"body":"would be considered a long term"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1477.4699999999998,"endTime":1478.37,"body":"follow up study."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1478.6299999999999,"endTime":1480.2199999999998,"body":"Okay, that makes"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1478.6299999999999,"endTime":1480.2199999999998,"body":"perfect sense. And, you know, I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1480.2199999999998,"endTime":1483.49,"body":"think if more parents knew about"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1480.2199999999998,"endTime":1483.49,"body":"this research, they might be a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1483.49,"endTime":1486.9699999999998,"body":"lot less reticent, often I think"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1483.49,"endTime":1486.9699999999998,"body":"parents and teachers see ADHD"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1486.9699999999998,"endTime":1490.06,"body":"medication as a last resort. And"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1486.9699999999998,"endTime":1490.06,"body":"we'll try other things first,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1490.06,"endTime":1493.1499999999999,"body":"but from what you're saying, it"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1490.06,"endTime":1493.1499999999999,"body":"sounds like that the sooner"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1493.1499999999999,"endTime":1496.6599999999999,"body":"children are supported in this"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1493.1499999999999,"endTime":1496.6599999999999,"body":"way, actually, the more benefits"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1496.6599999999999,"endTime":1497.4399999999998,"body":"they may experience."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1497.35,"endTime":1499.54,"body":"Absolutely. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1497.35,"endTime":1499.54,"body":"let me give you a little"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1499.6,"endTime":1503.9499999999998,"body":"personal insight into how I got"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1499.6,"endTime":1503.9499999999998,"body":"involved in this. The thing that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1503.9499999999998,"endTime":1507.9699999999998,"body":"I think is so striking is that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1503.9499999999998,"endTime":1507.9699999999998,"body":"when I was in college, and one"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1507.9699999999998,"endTime":1512.7099999999998,"body":"of my professors read an article"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1507.9699999999998,"endTime":1512.7099999999998,"body":"from the Omaha Tribune, in that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1512.7099999999998,"endTime":1517.36,"body":"article, he said that 40% of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1512.7099999999998,"endTime":1517.36,"body":"children in the Omaha school"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1517.3899999999999,"endTime":1521.35,"body":"districts are on medication for"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1517.3899999999999,"endTime":1521.35,"body":"treatment of attention problems,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1521.3799999999999,"endTime":1524.1699999999998,"body":"and everybody in the classroom,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1521.3799999999999,"endTime":1524.1699999999998,"body":"including the professor,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1524.1699999999998,"endTime":1528.28,"body":"including me, were up in arms"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1524.1699999999998,"endTime":1528.28,"body":"saying, that's horrible. We're"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1528.28,"endTime":1531.76,"body":"medicated all of our children."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1528.28,"endTime":1531.76,"body":"And at that point, I remember it"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1531.76,"endTime":1535.99,"body":"saying I think I need to become"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1531.76,"endTime":1535.99,"body":"a doctor and stop this over"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1535.99,"endTime":1540.1,"body":"abuse of medication. That was"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1535.99,"endTime":1540.1,"body":"actually the one of the single"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1540.1,"endTime":1543.52,"body":"biggest driving factors to get"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1540.1,"endTime":1543.52,"body":"me into medical school and then"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1543.52,"endTime":1547.54,"body":"to become a developmental"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1543.52,"endTime":1547.54,"body":"paediatrician. However, what"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1547.54,"endTime":1550.36,"body":"happened along the way, first, I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1547.54,"endTime":1550.36,"body":"learned that the original"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1550.36,"endTime":1552.9399999999998,"body":"article that was written in the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1550.36,"endTime":1552.9399999999998,"body":"Omaha Tribune, back in the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1552.9699999999998,"endTime":1557.98,"body":"1970s, was wrong. And in error,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1552.9699999999998,"endTime":1557.98,"body":"it was 40% of the children in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1557.98,"endTime":1562.33,"body":"special education classrooms,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1557.98,"endTime":1562.33,"body":"were receiving medication. In"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1562.33,"endTime":1566.1399999999999,"body":"other words, all those children"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1562.33,"endTime":1566.1399999999999,"body":"with ADHD were put in special"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1566.1399999999999,"endTime":1568.84,"body":"education classrooms, and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1566.1399999999999,"endTime":1568.84,"body":"therefore there was a higher"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1568.84,"endTime":1571.6899999999998,"body":"percentage of children were"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1568.84,"endTime":1571.6899999999998,"body":"treated with medication as well."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1571.9299999999998,"endTime":1574.4199999999998,"body":"It's not because they were"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1571.9299999999998,"endTime":1574.4199999999998,"body":"having trouble learning in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1574.4199999999998,"endTime":1577.3,"body":"school that they were given the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1574.4199999999998,"endTime":1577.3,"body":"medication who has to treat that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1577.3,"endTime":1582.76,"body":"underlying condition. So over"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1577.3,"endTime":1582.76,"body":"time, my feelings went from this"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1582.76,"endTime":1586.1499999999999,"body":"is an outrage, we're over"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1582.76,"endTime":1586.1499999999999,"body":"medicating children, we're"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1586.1499999999999,"endTime":1589.3899999999999,"body":"abusing children by giving them"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1586.1499999999999,"endTime":1589.3899999999999,"body":"medications that is affecting"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1589.3899999999999,"endTime":1592.09,"body":"brain function, when they're"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1589.3899999999999,"endTime":1592.09,"body":"perfectly normal functioning"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1592.09,"endTime":1595.6,"body":"children, to the present. Where"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1592.09,"endTime":1595.6,"body":"I feel that if we do not treat"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1595.6,"endTime":1599.35,"body":"children, we're doing them a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1595.6,"endTime":1599.35,"body":"disservice, we are cheating them"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1599.56,"endTime":1604.48,"body":"of the lifestyle that every"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1599.56,"endTime":1604.48,"body":"other child experiences. We grow"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1604.48,"endTime":1608.3799999999999,"body":"by being successful, by being"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1604.48,"endTime":1608.3799999999999,"body":"happy, by impressing other"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1608.3799999999999,"endTime":1611.4099999999999,"body":"children as well. And if we're"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1608.3799999999999,"endTime":1611.4099999999999,"body":"not able to do that, we don't"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1611.4099999999999,"endTime":1613.6,"body":"grow and our self esteem"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1611.4099999999999,"endTime":1613.6,"body":"suffers."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1613.6599999999999,"endTime":1616.24,"body":"Do we know"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1613.6599999999999,"endTime":1616.24,"body":"compared to say, behaviour"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1616.24,"endTime":1620.11,"body":"modification programmes, how"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1616.24,"endTime":1620.11,"body":"successful medication is, which"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1620.11,"endTime":1623.23,"body":"is more successful? what the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1620.11,"endTime":1623.23,"body":"figures are for parents and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1623.23,"endTime":1625.12,"body":"teachers who are listening to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1623.23,"endTime":1625.12,"body":"this thinking, well, maybe we"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1625.12,"endTime":1627.37,"body":"should try a behaviour"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1625.12,"endTime":1627.37,"body":"modification programme first."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1627.4299999999998,"endTime":1630.79,"body":"What sort of likely success"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1627.4299999999998,"endTime":1630.79,"body":"rates do you see with medication"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1630.79,"endTime":1631.9299999999998,"body":"as opposed to that kind of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1630.79,"endTime":1631.9299999999998,"body":"approach?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1631.35,"endTime":1635.52,"body":"15 years ago,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1631.35,"endTime":1635.52,"body":"there was a study performed that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1635.52,"endTime":1638.52,"body":"was really kind of the hallmark"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1635.52,"endTime":1638.52,"body":"study to answer that question."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1638.52,"endTime":1641.01,"body":"What they did in the study was"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1638.52,"endTime":1641.01,"body":"they looked at I believe was"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1641.01,"endTime":1644.07,"body":"four groups of children and all"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1641.01,"endTime":1644.07,"body":"the children were diagnosed with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1644.07,"endTime":1647.49,"body":"ADHD. And they took these"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1644.07,"endTime":1647.49,"body":"children from six different"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1647.49,"endTime":1651.0,"body":"medical centres across the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1647.49,"endTime":1651.0,"body":"country, a total of about 500"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1651.0,"endTime":1654.75,"body":"children total, some of those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1651.0,"endTime":1654.75,"body":"children were put into a group"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1654.99,"endTime":1657.24,"body":"that were treated with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1654.99,"endTime":1657.24,"body":"medication, they were at a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1657.27,"endTime":1660.2099999999998,"body":"height treated the medication"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1657.27,"endTime":1660.2099999999998,"body":"until they got the optimum dose,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1660.27,"endTime":1663.3899999999999,"body":"another group, a fourth of those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1660.27,"endTime":1663.3899999999999,"body":"children were not treated with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1663.3899999999999,"endTime":1666.78,"body":"anything, another group of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1663.3899999999999,"endTime":1666.78,"body":"children received behaviour"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1666.78,"endTime":1671.3999999999999,"body":"modification treatment only. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1666.78,"endTime":1671.3999999999999,"body":"a fourth group received"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1671.4299999999998,"endTime":1674.76,"body":"behaviour modification plus"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1671.4299999999998,"endTime":1674.76,"body":"medication. What they found in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1674.76,"endTime":1679.6499999999999,"body":"that study was that the group"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1674.76,"endTime":1679.6499999999999,"body":"that was on medication had the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1679.6499999999999,"endTime":1683.73,"body":"best results, the group that was"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1679.6499999999999,"endTime":1683.73,"body":"on behaviour modification and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1683.73,"endTime":1687.8999999999999,"body":"medication were slightly better,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1683.73,"endTime":1687.8999999999999,"body":"not significantly better. And as"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1687.8999999999999,"endTime":1690.6599999999999,"body":"a result, basically what that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1687.8999999999999,"endTime":1690.6599999999999,"body":"was showing was that the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1690.6599999999999,"endTime":1694.05,"body":"behaviour modification"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1690.6599999999999,"endTime":1694.05,"body":"techniques were helping the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1694.05,"endTime":1698.1299999999999,"body":"children but not helping the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1694.05,"endTime":1698.1299999999999,"body":"original symptoms of ADHD. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1698.1299999999999,"endTime":1701.04,"body":"so overall, they found that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1698.1299999999999,"endTime":1701.04,"body":"medication was the most"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1701.04,"endTime":1703.8899999999999,"body":"effective treatment and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1701.04,"endTime":1703.8899999999999,"body":"behaviour modification while"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1703.8899999999999,"endTime":1706.5,"body":"effective at treating some of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1703.8899999999999,"endTime":1706.5,"body":"the other behaviours, they"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1706.5,"endTime":1710.4299999999998,"body":"weren't necessarily treating the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1706.5,"endTime":1710.4299999999998,"body":"behaviours of ADHD. And they"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1710.4299999999998,"endTime":1713.34,"body":"further found out that if they"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1710.4299999999998,"endTime":1713.34,"body":"were treated with behaviour"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1713.34,"endTime":1717.51,"body":"modification alone, they didn't"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1713.34,"endTime":1717.51,"body":"respond at all, if they were on"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1717.51,"endTime":1719.82,"body":"period with behaviour"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1717.51,"endTime":1719.82,"body":"modification and medication,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1720.09,"endTime":1722.8799999999999,"body":"they did respond better. In"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1720.09,"endTime":1722.8799999999999,"body":"other words, they could learn"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1722.8799999999999,"endTime":1725.79,"body":"the behaviour modification"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1722.8799999999999,"endTime":1725.79,"body":"techniques, if they weren't on"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1725.79,"endTime":1728.6699999999998,"body":"medication, they couldn't focus"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1725.79,"endTime":1728.6699999999998,"body":"and attend. And the behaviour"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1728.6699999999998,"endTime":1730.62,"body":"modification techniques had no"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1728.6699999999998,"endTime":1730.62,"body":"effect."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1730.86,"endTime":1732.78,"body":"So the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1730.86,"endTime":1732.78,"body":"medication kind of unlocked the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1732.78,"endTime":1735.6599999999999,"body":"capacity they needed to respond"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1732.78,"endTime":1735.6599999999999,"body":"to those programmes."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1735.6899999999998,"endTime":1737.2199999999998,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1735.6899999999998,"endTime":1737.2199999999998,"body":"That's well put."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1737.28,"endTime":1739.4099999999999,"body":"So if you're a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1737.28,"endTime":1739.4099999999999,"body":"parent listening to this"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1739.4099999999999,"endTime":1743.25,"body":"podcast, who's worried or on the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1739.4099999999999,"endTime":1743.25,"body":"fence about using ADHD"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1743.25,"endTime":1745.26,"body":"medication to support their"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1743.25,"endTime":1745.26,"body":"child, maybe they've just got a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1745.26,"endTime":1747.9599999999998,"body":"diagnosis. Maybe their child had"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1745.26,"endTime":1747.9599999999998,"body":"a diagnosis for a while, and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1747.9599999999998,"endTime":1750.99,"body":"they've been worried about their"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1747.9599999999998,"endTime":1750.99,"body":"progress in school, say at home,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1751.02,"endTime":1752.4299999999998,"body":"what would you say to them right"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1751.02,"endTime":1752.4299999999998,"body":"now?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1752.52,"endTime":1755.37,"body":"I would ask them"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1752.52,"endTime":1755.37,"body":"a couple questions. First First"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1755.37,"endTime":1759.33,"body":"question I would ask them is how"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1755.37,"endTime":1759.33,"body":"happy is your child? And the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1759.33,"endTime":1762.75,"body":"second question I would ask the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1759.33,"endTime":1762.75,"body":"parents are, how happy are you"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1762.75,"endTime":1766.32,"body":"with your child's ability to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1762.75,"endTime":1766.32,"body":"learn in the classroom and to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1766.32,"endTime":1770.2199999999998,"body":"develop appropriate friendships?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1766.32,"endTime":1770.2199999999998,"body":"If the parent identifies the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1770.2199999999998,"endTime":1773.1,"body":"child as having difficulties"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1770.2199999999998,"endTime":1773.1,"body":"that he's aware of the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1773.1,"endTime":1776.6699999999998,"body":"difficulties he's having in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1773.1,"endTime":1776.6699999999998,"body":"school, or if he or she as a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1776.6699999999998,"endTime":1780.6899999999998,"body":"parent is aware of those"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1776.6699999999998,"endTime":1780.6899999999998,"body":"difficulties, then I can't see"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1780.6899999999998,"endTime":1783.78,"body":"how you would not want to at"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1780.6899999999998,"endTime":1783.78,"body":"least try the medication. Give"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1783.78,"endTime":1787.35,"body":"them a high bar to perhaps say I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1783.78,"endTime":1787.35,"body":"will only continue this"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1787.35,"endTime":1791.73,"body":"medication, if I see that he is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1787.35,"endTime":1791.73,"body":"learning, focused, happy,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1791.73,"endTime":1795.8999999999999,"body":"attentive, without significant"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1791.73,"endTime":1795.8999999999999,"body":"side effects. And if that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1795.9299999999998,"endTime":1799.4699999999998,"body":"criteria is met, then continue"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1795.9299999999998,"endTime":1799.4699999999998,"body":"the medication. If it's not met,"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1799.4699999999998,"endTime":1800.79,"body":"try some alternatives."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1800.86,"endTime":1802.6299999999999,"body":"Yeah, I mean,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1800.86,"endTime":1802.6299999999999,"body":"that brings us on to another"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1802.6299999999999,"endTime":1805.4199999999998,"body":"interesting question. I've"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1802.6299999999999,"endTime":1805.4199999999998,"body":"worked with lots of parents over"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1805.4199999999998,"endTime":1807.55,"body":"the years, and they've tried"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1805.4199999999998,"endTime":1807.55,"body":"some medication, and they've"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1807.55,"endTime":1809.6799999999998,"body":"said it's not really worked for"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1807.55,"endTime":1809.6799999999998,"body":"my child. So they've stopped"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1809.6799999999998,"endTime":1812.35,"body":"giving it to them, instead of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1809.6799999999998,"endTime":1812.35,"body":"just giving up on that and just"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1812.35,"endTime":1814.9299999999998,"body":"stopping the medication. Should"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1812.35,"endTime":1814.9299999999998,"body":"they be contacting their"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1814.9299999999998,"endTime":1817.84,"body":"paediatrician or whoever works"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1814.9299999999998,"endTime":1817.84,"body":"with them on that medication and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1817.84,"endTime":1820.12,"body":"talking about that? What should"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1817.84,"endTime":1820.12,"body":"they do if it's not working?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1820.52,"endTime":1823.9399999999998,"body":"Actually there"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1820.52,"endTime":1823.9399999999998,"body":"are 36 brand name medications"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1823.9399999999998,"endTime":1826.85,"body":"approved by the Food and Drug"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1823.9399999999998,"endTime":1826.85,"body":"Administration in the United"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1826.85,"endTime":1831.86,"body":"States for the treatment of"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1826.85,"endTime":1831.86,"body":"ADHD. And those 36 medications"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1831.8899999999999,"endTime":1835.61,"body":"are all knockoffs of the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1831.8899999999999,"endTime":1835.61,"body":"original two medications"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1835.61,"endTime":1839.1799999999998,"body":"methylphenidate and amphetamine."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1835.61,"endTime":1839.1799999999998,"body":"So even though there's 36 brand"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1839.1799999999998,"endTime":1842.87,"body":"names, there's really only two"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1839.1799999999998,"endTime":1842.87,"body":"main medications this done so"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1842.87,"endTime":1846.6799999999998,"body":"that the drug companies can"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1842.87,"endTime":1846.6799999999998,"body":"charge a larger amount for brand"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1846.6799999999998,"endTime":1849.59,"body":"name drugs than they can a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1846.6799999999998,"endTime":1849.59,"body":"generic. But then in the process"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1849.59,"endTime":1852.29,"body":"of that event occurring. Each"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1849.59,"endTime":1852.29,"body":"one of those medications is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1852.29,"endTime":1855.4699999999998,"body":"slightly different. It wears off"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1852.29,"endTime":1855.4699999999998,"body":"more gradually and it's less"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1855.4699999999998,"endTime":1859.6699999999998,"body":"likely to cause irritability. So"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1855.4699999999998,"endTime":1859.6699999999998,"body":"basically, what I'm saying with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1859.6699999999998,"endTime":1863.87,"body":"this is, we now have so many"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1859.6699999999998,"endTime":1863.87,"body":"different options, that if side"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1863.87,"endTime":1867.86,"body":"effects do occur, we can switch"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1863.87,"endTime":1867.86,"body":"to a different medication that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1867.86,"endTime":1871.3999999999999,"body":"might be more or less likely to"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1867.86,"endTime":1871.3999999999999,"body":"cause that same side effect."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1871.6399999999999,"endTime":1873.8,"body":"Because of the way the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1871.6399999999999,"endTime":1873.8,"body":"medication is delivered to the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1873.8,"endTime":1877.28,"body":"body. Just about every side"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1873.8,"endTime":1877.28,"body":"effect that occurs can be"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1877.28,"endTime":1880.6399999999999,"body":"mediated or reduced or"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1877.28,"endTime":1880.6399999999999,"body":"eliminated with a change in"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1880.6399999999999,"endTime":1884.51,"body":"medication or a change in dose"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1880.6399999999999,"endTime":1884.51,"body":"or a change in the time of day"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1884.51,"endTime":1885.6499999999999,"body":"when the medication is given."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1886.01,"endTime":1888.4399999999998,"body":"So we need to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1886.01,"endTime":1888.4399999999998,"body":"adapt and not give up, Walt."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1888.8,"endTime":1891.02,"body":"We're really just scratching the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1888.8,"endTime":1891.02,"body":"surface here. And I've mentioned"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1891.02,"endTime":1894.05,"body":"your book already in passing."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1891.02,"endTime":1894.05,"body":"And I want to say that I've been"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1894.05,"endTime":1896.6,"body":"on lots of training courses for"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1894.05,"endTime":1896.6,"body":"educators about ADHD. And I"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1896.6,"endTime":1899.06,"body":"think I've probably learned more"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1896.6,"endTime":1899.06,"body":"from your book in a couple of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1899.06,"endTime":1902.33,"body":"evenings than I did on all those"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1899.06,"endTime":1902.33,"body":"training courses. Can you tell"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1902.33,"endTime":1904.79,"body":"us the title? Can you tell us"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1902.33,"endTime":1904.79,"body":"how people get a hold of the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1904.79,"endTime":1906.56,"body":"book? Because I really do"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1904.79,"endTime":1906.56,"body":"recommend that if you're a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1906.56,"endTime":1909.56,"body":"parent or a teacher working with"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1906.56,"endTime":1909.56,"body":"a child with ADHD or your child"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1909.56,"endTime":1912.35,"body":"has ADHD,  this book is more"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1909.56,"endTime":1912.35,"body":"than just about the medication"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1912.35,"endTime":1914.2099999999998,"body":"as well. It's got so much"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1912.35,"endTime":1914.2099999999998,"body":"interesting background"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1914.2099999999998,"endTime":1916.6399999999999,"body":"information about the condition."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1914.2099999999998,"endTime":1916.6399999999999,"body":"Can you tell us the title of the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1916.6399999999999,"endTime":1918.23,"body":"book and how we can get hold of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1916.6399999999999,"endTime":1918.23,"body":"it?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1918.28,"endTime":1922.36,"body":"Sure. The title"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1918.28,"endTime":1922.36,"body":"of the book is ADHD medication."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1922.4199999999998,"endTime":1925.78,"body":"Does it work? And is it safe? I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1922.4199999999998,"endTime":1925.78,"body":"think those are the two really"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1925.81,"endTime":1928.1499999999999,"body":"most important questions that"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1925.81,"endTime":1928.1499999999999,"body":"parents have about the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1928.1499999999999,"endTime":1932.1399999999999,"body":"medication. And that's the main"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1928.1499999999999,"endTime":1932.1399999999999,"body":"topic of the book. The book is"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1932.1399999999999,"endTime":1937.6899999999998,"body":"available through amazon.com."},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1932.1399999999999,"endTime":1937.6899999999998,"body":"It's available through the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1937.6899999999998,"endTime":1941.29,"body":"publisher Rowman and"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1937.6899999999998,"endTime":1941.29,"body":"Littlefield. It actually if you"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1941.32,"endTime":1945.2199999999998,"body":"go through the publisher, price"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1941.32,"endTime":1945.2199999999998,"body":"is a little bit reduced compared"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1945.2199999999998,"endTime":1948.9699999999998,"body":"to the Amazon price. It's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1945.2199999999998,"endTime":1948.9699999999998,"body":"currently in hardback and with"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1949.1799999999998,"endTime":1952.09,"body":"the paperback edition to be"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1949.1799999999998,"endTime":1952.09,"body":"coming out probably in the next"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1952.12,"endTime":1952.9299999999998,"body":"year and a half."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1952.35,"endTime":1956.1,"body":"And I'll put"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1952.35,"endTime":1956.1,"body":"some direct links to the book in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1956.1,"endTime":1957.87,"body":"the episode description. So if"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1956.1,"endTime":1957.87,"body":"you're listening now you can"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1957.87,"endTime":1961.11,"body":"open your podcast app, and the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1957.87,"endTime":1961.11,"body":"direct links will be there. One"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1961.1399999999999,"endTime":1964.26,"body":"last question. And we ask this"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1961.1399999999999,"endTime":1964.26,"body":"of all our guests. Who's the key"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1964.26,"endTime":1967.83,"body":"figure that's influenced you? Or"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1964.26,"endTime":1967.83,"body":"what's the key book that you've"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1967.83,"endTime":1970.29,"body":"read that's had the biggest"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1967.83,"endTime":1970.29,"body":"impact on your approach to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":1970.29,"endTime":1971.34,"body":"working with children?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1971.37,"endTime":1974.55,"body":"I think the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1971.37,"endTime":1974.55,"body":"person that has had the biggest"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1974.55,"endTime":1979.29,"body":"impact in my life is the 10 year"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1974.55,"endTime":1979.29,"body":"old child that sits across my"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1979.29,"endTime":1984.48,"body":"desk and that I talk to on a"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1979.29,"endTime":1984.48,"body":"daily basis. I think it's the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1984.48,"endTime":1988.02,"body":"children that have really had"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1984.48,"endTime":1988.02,"body":"the impact more than anything, I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1988.02,"endTime":1991.8899999999999,"body":"can talk about professors that I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1988.02,"endTime":1991.8899999999999,"body":"have had an in my fellowship"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1991.8899999999999,"endTime":1995.3999999999999,"body":"training programme in Boston. I"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1991.8899999999999,"endTime":1995.3999999999999,"body":"can talk about people that I've"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1995.3999999999999,"endTime":1998.1,"body":"met along the way, but it's"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1995.3999999999999,"endTime":1998.1,"body":"really the children and their"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1998.1,"endTime":2002.9599999999998,"body":"parents that have made my life"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":1998.1,"endTime":2002.9599999999998,"body":"what it is. They're the ones"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":2002.9599999999998,"endTime":2006.26,"body":"that come to me in tears. And"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":2002.9599999999998,"endTime":2006.26,"body":"they're the ones that walk away"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":2006.26,"endTime":2008.3,"body":"with smiles at the end of the"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":2006.26,"endTime":2008.3,"body":"day,"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2008.3899999999999,"endTime":2011.1799999999998,"body":"I can't think of"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2008.3899999999999,"endTime":2011.1799999999998,"body":"a better way to end that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2011.1799999999998,"endTime":2013.28,"body":"interview. Because it's all"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2011.1799999999998,"endTime":2013.28,"body":"about the kids, isn't it?"},{"speaker":"Walt Karniski","startTime":2013.37,"endTime":2014.09,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2014.09,"endTime":2016.1599999999999,"body":"Thank you for"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2014.09,"endTime":2016.1599999999999,"body":"being on the podcast today. And"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2016.1899999999998,"endTime":2019.07,"body":"you've shared so much knowledge"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2016.1899999999998,"endTime":2019.07,"body":"with us so much valuable insight"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2019.07,"endTime":2022.73,"body":"about medication and the myths"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2019.07,"endTime":2022.73,"body":"and misconceptions. And you know"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2022.73,"endTime":2025.3999999999999,"body":"how it can be used in a way that"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2022.73,"endTime":2025.3999999999999,"body":"really supports children in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2025.3999999999999,"endTime":2027.5,"body":"their development and leads to"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2025.3999999999999,"endTime":2027.5,"body":"positive outcomes."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2027.6799999999998,"endTime":2030.3799999999999,"body":"Okay, so there"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2027.6799999999998,"endTime":2030.3799999999999,"body":"was lots of new information"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2030.3799999999999,"endTime":2034.37,"body":"there to support parents whose"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2030.3799999999999,"endTime":2034.37,"body":"children have ADHD. And of"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2034.37,"endTime":2038.24,"body":"course, as teachers and"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2034.37,"endTime":2038.24,"body":"educators, we are often helping"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2038.24,"endTime":2041.9299999999998,"body":"parents to help their kids. So"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2038.24,"endTime":2041.9299999999998,"body":"it's important that we've got"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2041.9299999999998,"endTime":2043.3999999999999,"body":"this information too."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2043.6699999999998,"endTime":2046.1899999999998,"body":"And I'll put"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2043.6699999999998,"endTime":2046.1899999999998,"body":"direct links to Dr. Karniski's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2046.2199999999998,"endTime":2048.65,"body":"resources in the episode"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2046.2199999999998,"endTime":2048.65,"body":"description."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2048.71,"endTime":2050.51,"body":"And if you're"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2048.71,"endTime":2050.51,"body":"working with kids whose"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2050.51,"endTime":2053.87,"body":"behaviour can be challenging,"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2050.51,"endTime":2053.87,"body":"and you're not sure why they're"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2053.87,"endTime":2058.19,"body":"behaving in that way, we've got"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2053.87,"endTime":2058.19,"body":"a download that can help. It's"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2058.19,"endTime":2062.36,"body":"called the SEND handbook, and it"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2058.19,"endTime":2062.36,"body":"will help you to link behaviours"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2062.36,"endTime":2065.69,"body":"that you're seeing in the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2062.36,"endTime":2065.69,"body":"classroom with possible causes"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2065.72,"endTime":2068.12,"body":"like autism and ADHD."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2068.33,"endTime":2070.31,"body":"The idea here"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2068.33,"endTime":2070.31,"body":"isn't for teachers to make a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2070.31,"endTime":2074.0,"body":"diagnosis, we're not qualified."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2070.31,"endTime":2074.0,"body":"But if we can link classroom"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2074.0,"endTime":2077.75,"body":"behaviours to possible causes"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2074.0,"endTime":2077.75,"body":"quickly, it means we can get the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2077.75,"endTime":2080.48,"body":"right help and get the right"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2077.75,"endTime":2080.48,"body":"professionals involved and get"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2080.51,"endTime":2083.2400000000002,"body":"early intervention strategies in"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2080.51,"endTime":2083.2400000000002,"body":"place."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2083.3,"endTime":2086.33,"body":"The handbook is"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2083.3,"endTime":2086.33,"body":"a free download, so go over to"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2086.33,"endTime":2090.53,"body":"our website"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2086.33,"endTime":2090.53,"body":"beaconschoolsupport.co.uk. click"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2090.56,"endTime":2094.55,"body":"on Free Resources near the top"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2090.56,"endTime":2094.55,"body":"and we'll also put a link in the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2094.55,"endTime":2095.93,"body":"episode description."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2096.08,"endTime":2098.12,"body":"And if you've"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2096.08,"endTime":2098.12,"body":"enjoyed today's episode, make"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2098.12,"endTime":2101.48,"body":"sure you don't miss this podcast"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2098.12,"endTime":2101.48,"body":"in the future. Open up your"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2101.48,"endTime":2104.45,"body":"podcast app now and hit the"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2101.48,"endTime":2104.45,"body":"subscribe button or follow as"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2104.45,"endTime":2107.75,"body":"it's called in Apple podcasts."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2104.45,"endTime":2107.75,"body":"And your podcast app will"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2107.78,"endTime":2110.84,"body":"automatically download each and"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2107.78,"endTime":2110.84,"body":"every episode of school"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2110.84,"endTime":2114.35,"body":"behaviour secrets as it's"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2110.84,"endTime":2114.35,"body":"released. So you never miss a"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2114.35,"endTime":2117.47,"body":"thing. It's like Series link on"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2114.35,"endTime":2117.47,"body":"your TV. And to celebrate"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2117.47,"endTime":2121.01,"body":"subscribing to the show. Why not"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2117.47,"endTime":2121.01,"body":"tie a balloon? You put it off"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2121.01,"endTime":2125.57,"body":"all your life and it turns out"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2121.01,"endTime":2125.57,"body":"to be surprisingly easy. Just"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2125.57,"endTime":2127.61,"body":"don't bring loads to me because"},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2125.57,"endTime":2127.61,"body":"I'm still really slow at it."},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2127.73,"endTime":2130.4900000000002,"body":"All that leaves"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2127.73,"endTime":2130.4900000000002,"body":"us to say is we hope you have a"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2130.4900000000002,"endTime":2133.43,"body":"brilliant week and we look"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2130.4900000000002,"endTime":2133.43,"body":"forward to seeing you on the"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2133.43,"endTime":2137.06,"body":"next episode of school behaviour"},{"speaker":"Emma Shackleton","startTime":2133.43,"endTime":2137.06,"body":"secrets. Bye for now."},{"speaker":"Simon Currigan","startTime":2137.27,"endTime":2137.9,"body":"Bye"}]}