{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":87.889,"endTime":92.359,"body":"It's important to remember that"},{"startTime":87.889,"endTime":92.359,"body":"autism is not a single disorder,"},{"startTime":92.359,"endTime":96.559,"body":"but it's like a spectrum of"},{"startTime":92.359,"endTime":96.559,"body":"closely related disorders with a"},{"startTime":96.559,"endTime":101.749,"body":"shared core of symptoms. So"},{"startTime":96.559,"endTime":101.749,"body":"everybody on the autism spectrum"},{"startTime":101.779,"endTime":107.089,"body":"has problems to some degree with"},{"startTime":101.779,"endTime":107.089,"body":"social interaction, empathy,"},{"startTime":107.29899999999999,"endTime":112.03899999999999,"body":"communication and flexible"},{"startTime":107.29899999999999,"endTime":112.03899999999999,"body":"behaviour. But the level of"},{"startTime":112.03899999999999,"endTime":116.419,"body":"difficulty and the combination"},{"startTime":112.03899999999999,"endTime":116.419,"body":"of symptoms varies tremendously"},{"startTime":116.419,"endTime":118.00899999999999,"body":"from person to person."},{"startTime":118.729,"endTime":122.839,"body":"Welcome to the school behaviour"},{"startTime":118.729,"endTime":122.839,"body":"secrets podcast. I'm your host,"},{"startTime":122.839,"endTime":125.899,"body":"Simon Currigan. My co host is"},{"startTime":122.839,"endTime":125.899,"body":"Emma Shackleton and we're"},{"startTime":125.929,"endTime":129.559,"body":"obsessed with helping teachers,"},{"startTime":125.929,"endTime":129.559,"body":"school leaders, parents, and of"},{"startTime":129.559,"endTime":132.769,"body":"course, students. When classroom"},{"startTime":129.559,"endTime":132.769,"body":"behaviour gets in the way of"},{"startTime":132.769,"endTime":135.709,"body":"success, we're going to share"},{"startTime":132.769,"endTime":135.709,"body":"the tried and tested secrets to"},{"startTime":135.709,"endTime":138.769,"body":"classroom management behaviour"},{"startTime":135.709,"endTime":138.769,"body":"or special needs whole school"},{"startTime":138.769,"endTime":142.189,"body":"strategy and more all with the"},{"startTime":138.769,"endTime":142.189,"body":"aim of helping your students"},{"startTime":142.189,"endTime":145.489,"body":"reach their true potential."},{"startTime":142.189,"endTime":145.489,"body":"Plus, we'll be letting you"},{"startTime":145.489,"endTime":149.209,"body":"eavesdrop on our conversations"},{"startTime":145.489,"endTime":149.209,"body":"with thought leaders from around"},{"startTime":149.209,"endTime":152.23899999999998,"body":"the world. So you'll get to hear"},{"startTime":149.209,"endTime":152.23899999999998,"body":"the latest evidence based"},{"startTime":152.23899999999998,"endTime":156.469,"body":"strategies before anyone else."},{"startTime":152.23899999999998,"endTime":156.469,"body":"This is the school behaviour"},{"startTime":156.469,"endTime":161.539,"body":"secrets podcast. Hi there, Simon"},{"startTime":156.469,"endTime":161.539,"body":"Currigan here and welcome to"},{"startTime":161.539,"endTime":167.059,"body":"essentials episode 147 of school"},{"startTime":161.539,"endTime":167.059,"body":"behaviour secrets. In these mini"},{"startTime":167.059,"endTime":170.92899999999997,"body":"essentials episodes, we share"},{"startTime":167.059,"endTime":170.92899999999997,"body":"with you key bite sized pieces"},{"startTime":170.92899999999997,"endTime":173.959,"body":"of information from previous"},{"startTime":170.92899999999997,"endTime":173.959,"body":"episodes to enhance your"},{"startTime":173.959,"endTime":177.529,"body":"understanding of the students"},{"startTime":173.959,"endTime":177.529,"body":"that you interact with every"},{"startTime":177.529,"endTime":181.309,"body":"single day. Today, I'm going to"},{"startTime":177.529,"endTime":181.309,"body":"share part of a conversation I"},{"startTime":181.309,"endTime":184.579,"body":"had with my co host Emma"},{"startTime":181.309,"endTime":184.579,"body":"Shackleton, where we give you"},{"startTime":184.579,"endTime":189.139,"body":"some key facts about autism. Now"},{"startTime":184.579,"endTime":189.139,"body":"before some of you out there"},{"startTime":189.139,"endTime":192.25900000000001,"body":"listening to this, send us"},{"startTime":189.139,"endTime":192.25900000000001,"body":"through a Twitter bomb. This"},{"startTime":192.25900000000001,"endTime":195.559,"body":"conversation was originally"},{"startTime":192.25900000000001,"endTime":195.559,"body":"recorded quite some time ago."},{"startTime":195.889,"endTime":199.369,"body":"And I know since then, the"},{"startTime":195.889,"endTime":199.369,"body":"terminology on autism has"},{"startTime":199.369,"endTime":202.60899999999998,"body":"shifted by quite a lot. So in"},{"startTime":199.369,"endTime":202.60899999999998,"body":"the recording, you'll hear us"},{"startTime":202.60899999999998,"endTime":206.689,"body":"talk about Autistic Spectrum"},{"startTime":202.60899999999998,"endTime":206.689,"body":"Disorder or people with autism."},{"startTime":206.689,"endTime":209.959,"body":"And we are aware that the"},{"startTime":206.689,"endTime":209.959,"body":"language has now moved towards"},{"startTime":209.959,"endTime":212.899,"body":"talking about conditions and"},{"startTime":209.959,"endTime":212.899,"body":"differences rather than"},{"startTime":212.899,"endTime":215.929,"body":"disorders. And we're now using"},{"startTime":212.899,"endTime":215.929,"body":"the terminology of autistic"},{"startTime":215.929,"endTime":219.259,"body":"people rather than people with"},{"startTime":215.929,"endTime":219.259,"body":"autism and so on. And"},{"startTime":219.259,"endTime":222.94899999999998,"body":"fortunately, we're a small team"},{"startTime":219.259,"endTime":222.94899999999998,"body":"and we don't have the resources"},{"startTime":222.94899999999998,"endTime":228.10899999999998,"body":"to go back and rerecord podcasts"},{"startTime":222.94899999999998,"endTime":228.10899999999998,"body":"from the past however, the key"},{"startTime":228.10899999999998,"endTime":231.799,"body":"underlying points are still"},{"startTime":228.10899999999998,"endTime":231.799,"body":"valid. And as more children are"},{"startTime":231.829,"endTime":235.129,"body":"entering our classrooms with a"},{"startTime":231.829,"endTime":235.129,"body":"diagnosis, understanding how"},{"startTime":235.129,"endTime":238.72899999999998,"body":"autism affects students is"},{"startTime":235.129,"endTime":238.72899999999998,"body":"central to helping them manage"},{"startTime":238.759,"endTime":243.10899999999998,"body":"their emotions and behaviour and"},{"startTime":238.759,"endTime":243.10899999999998,"body":"succeed and thrive in school."},{"startTime":243.379,"endTime":247.009,"body":"This episode will go some way to"},{"startTime":243.379,"endTime":247.009,"body":"giving you the knowledge you"},{"startTime":247.009,"endTime":248.47899999999998,"body":"need to support them."},{"startTime":251.12,"endTime":255.494,"body":"So autism is commonly referred"},{"startTime":251.12,"endTime":255.494,"body":"to as ASD, Autistic Spectrum"},{"startTime":255.56799999999998,"endTime":260.23900000000003,"body":"Disorder. Some people prefer the"},{"startTime":255.56799999999998,"endTime":260.23900000000003,"body":"term ASC, so autistic spectrum"},{"startTime":260.313,"endTime":264.90999999999997,"body":"condition. And it's important to"},{"startTime":260.313,"endTime":264.90999999999997,"body":"remember that autism is not a"},{"startTime":264.984,"endTime":269.433,"body":"single disorder, but it's like a"},{"startTime":264.984,"endTime":269.433,"body":"spectrum of closely related"},{"startTime":269.507,"endTime":274.03,"body":"disorders with a shared core of"},{"startTime":269.507,"endTime":274.03,"body":"symptoms. So everybody on the"},{"startTime":274.104,"endTime":278.182,"body":"autism spectrum has problems to"},{"startTime":274.104,"endTime":278.182,"body":"some degree with social"},{"startTime":278.256,"endTime":281.889,"body":"interaction, empathy,"},{"startTime":278.256,"endTime":281.889,"body":"communication, and flexible"},{"startTime":281.96299999999997,"endTime":286.264,"body":"behaviour. But the level of"},{"startTime":281.96299999999997,"endTime":286.264,"body":"difficulty and the combination"},{"startTime":286.33799999999997,"endTime":291.08299999999997,"body":"of symptoms varies tremendously"},{"startTime":286.33799999999997,"endTime":291.08299999999997,"body":"from person to person. So if you"},{"startTime":291.157,"endTime":295.68,"body":"think of each of those elements"},{"startTime":291.157,"endTime":295.68,"body":"as like a dial, the dials for"},{"startTime":295.754,"endTime":300.055,"body":"each person are going to be"},{"startTime":295.754,"endTime":300.055,"body":"tweaked to a different setting"},{"startTime":300.129,"endTime":304.355,"body":"for each individual. So that"},{"startTime":300.129,"endTime":304.355,"body":"explains why two people with"},{"startTime":304.429,"endTime":309.1,"body":"exactly the same diagnosis will"},{"startTime":304.429,"endTime":309.1,"body":"not necessarily demonstrate the"},{"startTime":309.174,"endTime":313.475,"body":"same behaviours, the prevalence"},{"startTime":309.174,"endTime":313.475,"body":"of autism is thought to be"},{"startTime":313.549,"endTime":317.404,"body":"around one to 2% of the"},{"startTime":313.549,"endTime":317.404,"body":"population, though diagnosis"},{"startTime":317.479,"endTime":322.075,"body":"rates are increasing. And that's"},{"startTime":317.479,"endTime":322.075,"body":"why we've decided to focus on"},{"startTime":322.15,"endTime":325.19,"body":"autism. And that's a whole other"},{"startTime":322.15,"endTime":325.19,"body":"episode,"},{"startTime":325.28,"endTime":329.63,"body":"the cause of autism is not as"},{"startTime":325.28,"endTime":329.63,"body":"many people believe it's nothing"},{"startTime":329.63,"endTime":333.16999999999996,"body":"to do with the MMR injection,"},{"startTime":329.63,"endTime":333.16999999999996,"body":"please let that belief go. And"},{"startTime":333.16999999999996,"endTime":335.51,"body":"it's nothing to do with"},{"startTime":333.16999999999996,"endTime":335.51,"body":"parenting. And it's nothing to"},{"startTime":335.51,"endTime":341.0,"body":"do with food or diet, it appears"},{"startTime":335.51,"endTime":341.0,"body":"to be genetic. So we inherit the"},{"startTime":341.0,"endTime":344.68999999999994,"body":"genes for autism from our"},{"startTime":341.0,"endTime":344.68999999999994,"body":"parents, just as we do for"},{"startTime":344.68999999999994,"endTime":348.65,"body":"conditions like ADHD, there may"},{"startTime":344.68999999999994,"endTime":348.65,"body":"also be issues around premature"},{"startTime":348.67999999999995,"endTime":351.55999999999995,"body":"birth, which are worth looking"},{"startTime":348.67999999999995,"endTime":351.55999999999995,"body":"into kids who are born"},{"startTime":351.55999999999995,"endTime":356.51,"body":"prematurely at around 27 weeks"},{"startTime":351.55999999999995,"endTime":356.51,"body":"or so are way more likely to go"},{"startTime":356.51,"endTime":359.53999999999996,"body":"on to develop autism. The"},{"startTime":356.51,"endTime":359.53999999999996,"body":"diagnosis rates are about one or"},{"startTime":359.53999999999996,"endTime":364.01,"body":"2% for the general population."},{"startTime":359.53999999999996,"endTime":364.01,"body":"If you're born at 27 weeks or"},{"startTime":364.01,"endTime":369.38,"body":"earlier, that number shoots up"},{"startTime":364.01,"endTime":369.38,"body":"to about 30%. So as well as"},{"startTime":369.38,"endTime":372.74,"body":"autism being caused by genetic"},{"startTime":369.38,"endTime":372.74,"body":"factors, we need to look at the"},{"startTime":372.74,"endTime":375.95000000000005,"body":"impact on that sort of"},{"startTime":372.74,"endTime":375.95000000000005,"body":"development outside the womb and"},{"startTime":375.95000000000005,"endTime":378.86,"body":"how the brains are developing."},{"startTime":375.95000000000005,"endTime":378.86,"body":"And this could be another big"},{"startTime":378.86,"endTime":380.09000000000003,"body":"possible cause of autism."},{"startTime":380.48,"endTime":384.74,"body":"This is then perhaps where some"},{"startTime":380.48,"endTime":384.74,"body":"of the confusion arises, because"},{"startTime":384.77,"endTime":389.9,"body":"just like with ADHD, or too Same"},{"startTime":384.77,"endTime":389.9,"body":"relates to how people's brains"},{"startTime":389.9,"endTime":393.79999999999995,"body":"are structured. Children and"},{"startTime":389.9,"endTime":393.79999999999995,"body":"adults who were diagnosed with"},{"startTime":393.79999999999995,"endTime":398.39,"body":"autism have what's commonly"},{"startTime":393.79999999999995,"endTime":398.39,"body":"known as a triad of impairment."},{"startTime":398.6,"endTime":403.61,"body":"three key areas of difference of"},{"startTime":398.6,"endTime":403.61,"body":"difficulty from a neurotypical"},{"startTime":403.61,"endTime":408.79999999999995,"body":"person. The first area is social"},{"startTime":403.61,"endTime":408.79999999999995,"body":"understanding. So that means"},{"startTime":409.03999999999996,"endTime":413.41999999999996,"body":"Miss reading social cues, not"},{"startTime":409.03999999999996,"endTime":413.41999999999996,"body":"being able to interpret social"},{"startTime":413.41999999999996,"endTime":417.35,"body":"situations, not understanding"},{"startTime":413.41999999999996,"endTime":417.35,"body":"what they have to do in a"},{"startTime":417.35,"endTime":420.79999999999995,"body":"particular situation, even when"},{"startTime":417.35,"endTime":420.79999999999995,"body":"they've been in that situation"},{"startTime":420.79999999999995,"endTime":425.33000000000004,"body":"before, and not understanding"},{"startTime":420.79999999999995,"endTime":425.33000000000004,"body":"how to engage appropriately with"},{"startTime":425.36,"endTime":429.71000000000004,"body":"others, really tricky for people"},{"startTime":425.36,"endTime":429.71000000000004,"body":"with autism, because they appear"},{"startTime":429.71000000000004,"endTime":433.64,"body":"to not be able to read very"},{"startTime":429.71000000000004,"endTime":433.64,"body":"subtle cues that other people"},{"startTime":433.66999999999996,"endTime":438.26,"body":"are easily able to read. So they"},{"startTime":433.66999999999996,"endTime":438.26,"body":"don't understand, for example,"},{"startTime":438.26,"endTime":441.91999999999996,"body":"when it's their turn in a"},{"startTime":438.26,"endTime":441.91999999999996,"body":"conversation, or they might find"},{"startTime":441.91999999999996,"endTime":445.78999999999996,"body":"it hard to understand that a"},{"startTime":441.91999999999996,"endTime":445.78999999999996,"body":"conversation has got to flow"},{"startTime":445.78999999999996,"endTime":449.05999999999995,"body":"back and forth, back and forth."},{"startTime":445.78999999999996,"endTime":449.05999999999995,"body":"Instead, they might prefer to"},{"startTime":449.05999999999995,"endTime":452.12,"body":"dominate that conversation, they"},{"startTime":449.05999999999995,"endTime":452.12,"body":"might like to talk about what"},{"startTime":452.12,"endTime":455.78,"body":"they want to talk about and have"},{"startTime":452.12,"endTime":455.78,"body":"very little awareness of the"},{"startTime":455.78,"endTime":459.86,"body":"listener and what they might be"},{"startTime":455.78,"endTime":459.86,"body":"hearing. So social understanding"},{"startTime":459.86,"endTime":463.78999999999996,"body":"is one of those areas,"},{"startTime":459.86,"endTime":463.78999999999996,"body":"communication can also be"},{"startTime":463.78999999999996,"endTime":467.84000000000003,"body":"affected. So that's receptive"},{"startTime":463.78999999999996,"endTime":467.84000000000003,"body":"language and expressive"},{"startTime":467.84000000000003,"endTime":472.25,"body":"language. So it's understanding"},{"startTime":467.84000000000003,"endTime":472.25,"body":"and processing what has been"},{"startTime":472.25,"endTime":476.27,"body":"said. And then using appropriate"},{"startTime":472.25,"endTime":476.27,"body":"words to communicate what they"},{"startTime":476.27,"endTime":479.39,"body":"want to say as well. And"},{"startTime":476.27,"endTime":479.39,"body":"processing time is often"},{"startTime":479.41999999999996,"endTime":484.28,"body":"increased for people with"},{"startTime":479.41999999999996,"endTime":484.28,"body":"autism. And then in flexibility,"},{"startTime":484.28,"endTime":489.71000000000004,"body":"this is a really key one, a huge"},{"startTime":484.28,"endTime":489.71000000000004,"body":"dislike of change, and a real"},{"startTime":489.71000000000004,"endTime":494.29999999999995,"body":"need and desire to have things a"},{"startTime":489.71000000000004,"endTime":494.29999999999995,"body":"certain way. You will often see"},{"startTime":494.29999999999995,"endTime":498.62,"body":"young children with autism, for"},{"startTime":494.29999999999995,"endTime":498.62,"body":"example, who very much like to"},{"startTime":498.62,"endTime":502.97,"body":"stick to a routine, they like to"},{"startTime":498.62,"endTime":502.97,"body":"repeat processes over and over"},{"startTime":502.97,"endTime":507.20000000000005,"body":"and over again, in their play."},{"startTime":502.97,"endTime":507.20000000000005,"body":"For example, rather than"},{"startTime":507.23,"endTime":510.5,"body":"interacting with their peers or"},{"startTime":507.23,"endTime":510.5,"body":"joining in with what others are"},{"startTime":510.5,"endTime":514.25,"body":"doing, they'll often have very"},{"startTime":510.5,"endTime":514.25,"body":"favourite activities that they"},{"startTime":514.25,"endTime":518.78,"body":"like to return to day after day"},{"startTime":514.25,"endTime":518.78,"body":"after day. Interestingly, only a"},{"startTime":518.78,"endTime":522.08,"body":"few weeks ago, actually, I"},{"startTime":518.78,"endTime":522.08,"body":"observed a boy in a reception"},{"startTime":522.08,"endTime":527.03,"body":"class who's got a diagnosis of"},{"startTime":522.08,"endTime":527.03,"body":"autism. And every single day, he"},{"startTime":527.03,"endTime":531.4399999999999,"body":"goes over to a certain shelf, he"},{"startTime":527.03,"endTime":531.4399999999999,"body":"gets a little basket that's got"},{"startTime":531.4399999999999,"endTime":534.95,"body":"cubes in their and little basket"},{"startTime":531.4399999999999,"endTime":534.95,"body":"that's got numbers on a card."},{"startTime":535.13,"endTime":539.51,"body":"And every day, he likes to make"},{"startTime":535.13,"endTime":539.51,"body":"little towers of cubes that"},{"startTime":539.51,"endTime":543.14,"body":"match the number on the card."},{"startTime":539.51,"endTime":543.14,"body":"And every day, he'll choose the"},{"startTime":543.14,"endTime":546.56,"body":"same colour cubes, made the"},{"startTime":543.14,"endTime":546.56,"body":"little towers, match them up"},{"startTime":546.56,"endTime":550.28,"body":"with the card. And this is"},{"startTime":546.56,"endTime":550.28,"body":"almost like soothing for him."},{"startTime":550.46,"endTime":554.21,"body":"He's got other skills, he can do"},{"startTime":550.46,"endTime":554.21,"body":"other things. But this is what"},{"startTime":554.21,"endTime":558.35,"body":"he likes to revisit time and"},{"startTime":554.21,"endTime":558.35,"body":"time again. Now, if that basket"},{"startTime":558.35,"endTime":561.2,"body":"wasn't there, if the cubes"},{"startTime":558.35,"endTime":561.2,"body":"weren't there, if the cards"},{"startTime":561.2,"endTime":564.08,"body":"weren't there, or actually, if"},{"startTime":561.2,"endTime":564.08,"body":"somebody came and interrupted"},{"startTime":564.08,"endTime":567.59,"body":"that activity, he would get"},{"startTime":564.08,"endTime":567.59,"body":"quite distressed, because he"},{"startTime":567.59,"endTime":571.4,"body":"likes to have things in the same"},{"startTime":567.59,"endTime":571.4,"body":"way, day after day after day."},{"startTime":571.79,"endTime":573.89,"body":"So that's the triad of"},{"startTime":571.79,"endTime":573.89,"body":"impairment, there's sort of"},{"startTime":573.89,"endTime":577.9399999999999,"body":"three classic key areas of"},{"startTime":573.89,"endTime":577.9399999999999,"body":"difference. But actually, we can"},{"startTime":577.9399999999999,"endTime":581.3,"body":"broaden that out into a pentagon"},{"startTime":577.9399999999999,"endTime":581.3,"body":"of impairment, because there are"},{"startTime":581.3,"endTime":584.0,"body":"two more things that you will"},{"startTime":581.3,"endTime":584.0,"body":"commonly see in kids with"},{"startTime":584.0,"endTime":588.05,"body":"autism. And the first is sensory"},{"startTime":584.0,"endTime":588.05,"body":"needs. So that might be"},{"startTime":588.08,"endTime":591.41,"body":"hypersensitive to certain"},{"startTime":588.08,"endTime":591.41,"body":"senses. It's almost as if your"},{"startTime":591.4399999999999,"endTime":594.86,"body":"volume for certain senses it has"},{"startTime":591.4399999999999,"endTime":594.86,"body":"been turned up. So you might"},{"startTime":594.89,"endTime":598.31,"body":"hear common classroom sounds"},{"startTime":594.89,"endTime":598.31,"body":"really, really loudly, you might"},{"startTime":598.31,"endTime":601.7900000000001,"body":"interpret them as be the classic"},{"startTime":598.31,"endTime":601.7900000000001,"body":"joke on their spinal tap, just"},{"startTime":601.7900000000001,"endTime":605.12,"body":"like the sounds have been turned"},{"startTime":601.7900000000001,"endTime":605.12,"body":"up to 11. If someone brushes"},{"startTime":605.12,"endTime":608.36,"body":"past you in the cloakroom, if"},{"startTime":605.12,"endTime":608.36,"body":"you're hypersensitive to it, you"},{"startTime":608.36,"endTime":611.15,"body":"might react as if someone's just"},{"startTime":608.36,"endTime":611.15,"body":"punched you in the arm. So"},{"startTime":611.15,"endTime":614.87,"body":"you're super sensitive to"},{"startTime":611.15,"endTime":614.87,"body":"certain senses. But you can also"},{"startTime":614.87,"endTime":619.07,"body":"be hypo sensitive, which means"},{"startTime":614.87,"endTime":619.07,"body":"you're under sensitive. So you"},{"startTime":619.07,"endTime":622.73,"body":"may not have the sensation of"},{"startTime":619.07,"endTime":622.73,"body":"your body sinking into a chair"},{"startTime":622.73,"endTime":626.0600000000001,"body":"and feel the chair underneath"},{"startTime":622.73,"endTime":626.0600000000001,"body":"you holding you up, you might"},{"startTime":626.0600000000001,"endTime":629.39,"body":"not have a particularly strong"},{"startTime":626.0600000000001,"endTime":629.39,"body":"sense of taste. So you can be"},{"startTime":629.39,"endTime":633.53,"body":"over or under hyper or hypo"},{"startTime":629.39,"endTime":633.53,"body":"sensitive to certain senses. And"},{"startTime":633.53,"endTime":637.1,"body":"the other last part of the"},{"startTime":633.53,"endTime":637.1,"body":"Pentagon of impairment is theory"},{"startTime":637.13,"endTime":640.88,"body":"of mind. And that's essentially"},{"startTime":637.13,"endTime":640.88,"body":"empathy. That's been able to put"},{"startTime":640.88,"endTime":644.48,"body":"yourself in other people's shoes"},{"startTime":640.88,"endTime":644.48,"body":"and see a situation from someone"},{"startTime":644.51,"endTime":648.08,"body":"else's point of view. And as a"},{"startTime":644.51,"endTime":648.08,"body":"result, you might end up blaming"},{"startTime":648.11,"endTime":651.38,"body":"others for things that you've"},{"startTime":648.11,"endTime":651.38,"body":"had some responsibility for, and"},{"startTime":651.38,"endTime":654.65,"body":"not being able to see your role"},{"startTime":651.38,"endTime":654.65,"body":"in a situation. And if you can't"},{"startTime":654.65,"endTime":657.71,"body":"take responsibility for what's"},{"startTime":654.65,"endTime":657.71,"body":"happened, then often it's very"},{"startTime":657.71,"endTime":659.5400000000001,"body":"difficult to learn from it and"},{"startTime":657.71,"endTime":659.5400000000001,"body":"move on."},{"startTime":659.78,"endTime":664.22,"body":"And the fact is that social"},{"startTime":659.78,"endTime":664.22,"body":"interaction is so so complex,"},{"startTime":664.25,"endTime":667.4,"body":"and there are so many subtle"},{"startTime":664.25,"endTime":667.4,"body":"nuances. And that's what makes"},{"startTime":667.4,"endTime":670.88,"body":"it really tricky, isn't it?"},{"startTime":667.4,"endTime":670.88,"body":"People with autism just don't"},{"startTime":670.88,"endTime":673.94,"body":"read those cues. They don't see"},{"startTime":670.88,"endTime":673.94,"body":"those things going on, and"},{"startTime":673.94,"endTime":678.23,"body":"they're unable to imagine what"},{"startTime":673.94,"endTime":678.23,"body":"it's like to be somebody else."},{"startTime":678.23,"endTime":680.78,"body":"They very much see things"},{"startTime":678.23,"endTime":680.78,"body":"entirely from their own"},{"startTime":680.78,"endTime":681.95,"body":"perspective. I was"},{"startTime":681.95,"endTime":684.1700000000001,"body":"observing a child the other day"},{"startTime":681.95,"endTime":684.1700000000001,"body":"on the playground, actually, and"},{"startTime":684.1700000000001,"endTime":687.02,"body":"they were playing a game of"},{"startTime":684.1700000000001,"endTime":687.02,"body":"football and he dominated the"},{"startTime":687.02,"endTime":689.99,"body":"game. And he was grabbing the"},{"startTime":687.02,"endTime":689.99,"body":"ball off the other children. All"},{"startTime":689.99,"endTime":692.72,"body":"he could see when the other"},{"startTime":689.99,"endTime":692.72,"body":"children got upset was they"},{"startTime":692.72,"endTime":695.33,"body":"didn't like him. They didn't"},{"startTime":692.72,"endTime":695.33,"body":"want him to win. But he couldn't"},{"startTime":695.33,"endTime":698.12,"body":"see his part in that he was"},{"startTime":695.33,"endTime":698.12,"body":"disrupting the game and taking"},{"startTime":698.12,"endTime":699.38,"body":"more turns than the other"},{"startTime":698.12,"endTime":699.38,"body":"children"},{"startTime":699.41,"endTime":704.5400000000001,"body":"because society requires so much"},{"startTime":699.41,"endTime":704.5400000000001,"body":"interaction with other people."},{"startTime":704.57,"endTime":708.23,"body":"And because it's so difficult to"},{"startTime":704.57,"endTime":708.23,"body":"interpret those reactions from"},{"startTime":708.23,"endTime":711.8000000000001,"body":"other people, it can be really"},{"startTime":708.23,"endTime":711.8000000000001,"body":"stressful for people with"},{"startTime":711.8000000000001,"endTime":715.28,"body":"autism. So they experience a"},{"startTime":711.8000000000001,"endTime":715.28,"body":"high level of stress and"},{"startTime":715.28,"endTime":719.78,"body":"anxiety. And this then is what"},{"startTime":715.28,"endTime":719.78,"body":"can lead to meltdowns or"},{"startTime":719.78,"endTime":723.89,"body":"refusals, sometimes you'll see"},{"startTime":719.78,"endTime":723.89,"body":"autistic children completely"},{"startTime":723.89,"endTime":727.82,"body":"shutting down just avoiding eye"},{"startTime":723.89,"endTime":727.82,"body":"contact, avoiding interaction"},{"startTime":727.82,"endTime":731.9,"body":"not talking, not looking, not"},{"startTime":727.82,"endTime":731.9,"body":"moving. Or they might go into"},{"startTime":731.9,"endTime":735.5,"body":"that flight response where they"},{"startTime":731.9,"endTime":735.5,"body":"will run away or try to get away"},{"startTime":735.5,"endTime":738.8000000000001,"body":"from the cause of the stress"},{"startTime":735.5,"endTime":738.8000000000001,"body":"maybe run out of class. Also,"},{"startTime":738.8000000000001,"endTime":742.0400000000001,"body":"you might see controlling"},{"startTime":738.8000000000001,"endTime":742.0400000000001,"body":"behaviours. So trying to boss"},{"startTime":742.0400000000001,"endTime":745.7,"body":"people around wanting things to"},{"startTime":742.0400000000001,"endTime":745.7,"body":"be done in a particular way,"},{"startTime":745.73,"endTime":748.94,"body":"finding it very difficult when"},{"startTime":745.73,"endTime":748.94,"body":"there's a change or something"},{"startTime":748.94,"endTime":753.41,"body":"unpredictable happens. And that"},{"startTime":748.94,"endTime":753.41,"body":"in flexibility of thinking, so"},{"startTime":753.44,"endTime":756.89,"body":"only being able to see things"},{"startTime":753.44,"endTime":756.89,"body":"maybe from one perspective their"},{"startTime":756.89,"endTime":760.1,"body":"own, not being able to"},{"startTime":756.89,"endTime":760.1,"body":"appreciate any other people's"},{"startTime":760.1,"endTime":763.97,"body":"perspective, and it feeling"},{"startTime":760.1,"endTime":763.97,"body":"stressful and painful to them."},{"startTime":763.97,"endTime":767.75,"body":"It's distressing, because it's"},{"startTime":763.97,"endTime":767.75,"body":"so difficult to make sense of."},{"startTime":769.52,"endTime":772.91,"body":"And after listening to that, if"},{"startTime":769.52,"endTime":772.91,"body":"you're thinking about a child in"},{"startTime":772.91,"endTime":776.27,"body":"your class, who you're now"},{"startTime":772.91,"endTime":776.27,"body":"thinking may be affected by"},{"startTime":776.27,"endTime":780.0500000000001,"body":"autism, then we've got a"},{"startTime":776.27,"endTime":780.0500000000001,"body":"download that can help. It's"},{"startTime":780.0500000000001,"endTime":782.69,"body":"called the SCN D handbook, and"},{"startTime":780.0500000000001,"endTime":782.69,"body":"it will help you link the"},{"startTime":782.69,"endTime":785.99,"body":"behaviours you see in the"},{"startTime":782.69,"endTime":785.99,"body":"classroom with possible"},{"startTime":786.02,"endTime":790.7,"body":"underlying causes, like autism"},{"startTime":786.02,"endTime":790.7,"body":"or ADHD or trauma. It's"},{"startTime":790.7,"endTime":794.78,"body":"important to remember that as"},{"startTime":790.7,"endTime":794.78,"body":"teachers, we are not qualified"},{"startTime":794.8100000000001,"endTime":798.2900000000001,"body":"to make a diagnosis. But if we"},{"startTime":794.8100000000001,"endTime":798.2900000000001,"body":"can link the behaviours we're"},{"startTime":798.2900000000001,"endTime":801.8000000000001,"body":"seeing in the classroom to"},{"startTime":798.2900000000001,"endTime":801.8000000000001,"body":"possible underlying causes. We"},{"startTime":801.8000000000001,"endTime":805.49,"body":"can signpost families to get"},{"startTime":801.8000000000001,"endTime":805.49,"body":"help from professionals and put"},{"startTime":805.52,"endTime":808.97,"body":"those crucial early intervention"},{"startTime":805.52,"endTime":808.97,"body":"strategies in place. It's a"},{"startTime":808.97,"endTime":810.95,"body":"completely free download, go to"},{"startTime":808.97,"endTime":810.95,"body":"our website"},{"startTime":810.95,"endTime":815.0600000000001,"body":"beaconschoolsupport.co.uk. UK."},{"startTime":810.95,"endTime":815.0600000000001,"body":"Click on the free resources tab"},{"startTime":815.0600000000001,"endTime":818.4200000000001,"body":"near the top and you will see"},{"startTime":815.0600000000001,"endTime":818.4200000000001,"body":"the Sen D handbook signposted"},{"startTime":818.4200000000001,"endTime":822.14,"body":"near the top of the page. I'll"},{"startTime":818.4200000000001,"endTime":822.14,"body":"also put a direct link to the"},{"startTime":822.14,"endTime":825.74,"body":"Sen D handbook in the show"},{"startTime":822.14,"endTime":825.74,"body":"description so you can open your"},{"startTime":825.74,"endTime":829.52,"body":"podcast app and click through"},{"startTime":825.74,"endTime":829.52,"body":"directly. And that's all we've"},{"startTime":829.52,"endTime":832.7900000000001,"body":"got time for on today's"},{"startTime":829.52,"endTime":832.7900000000001,"body":"essentials episode. If you found"},{"startTime":832.7900000000001,"endTime":836.12,"body":"today's episode useful, please"},{"startTime":832.7900000000001,"endTime":836.12,"body":"leave us an honest rating and"},{"startTime":836.12,"endTime":839.84,"body":"review on Apple podcasts. This"},{"startTime":836.12,"endTime":839.84,"body":"makes a huge difference to us"},{"startTime":839.84,"endTime":842.87,"body":"because when you rate and review"},{"startTime":839.84,"endTime":842.87,"body":"the podcast it makes it more"},{"startTime":842.87,"endTime":846.23,"body":"likely that school behaviour"},{"startTime":842.87,"endTime":846.23,"body":"secrets will be recommended to"},{"startTime":846.26,"endTime":849.23,"body":"other listeners, and then other"},{"startTime":846.26,"endTime":849.23,"body":"teachers and school leaders can"},{"startTime":849.23,"endTime":852.47,"body":"find the show and start getting"},{"startTime":849.23,"endTime":852.47,"body":"the help that they need to"},{"startTime":852.47,"endTime":855.86,"body":"support the children in their"},{"startTime":852.47,"endTime":855.86,"body":"classrooms to thank you for"},{"startTime":855.86,"endTime":859.16,"body":"listening and I look forward to"},{"startTime":855.86,"endTime":859.16,"body":"seeing you next time on school"},{"startTime":859.16,"endTime":859.76,"body":"behaviour. See"}]}