{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":87.374,"endTime":92.442,"body":"Want to improve attendance in your school? Perfect. Because we're going to share the 6 areas"},{"startTime":92.442,"endTime":99.449,"body":"that fuel school avoidance and nonattendance and explain what to do to help your students overcome them."},{"startTime":100.387,"endTime":105.435,"body":"Welcome to the School Behavior Secrets podcast. I'm your host, Simon Currigan. My co host is"},{"startTime":105.435,"endTime":110.359,"body":"Emma Shackleton, and we're obsessed with helping teachers, school leaders, parents and of"},{"startTime":110.359,"endTime":115.44399999999999,"body":"course, students when classroom behaviour gets in the way of success. We're gonna share the tried"},{"startTime":115.44399999999999,"endTime":120.42099999999999,"body":"and tested secrets to classroom management, behavioural special needs, whole school strategy,"},{"startTime":120.42099999999999,"endTime":125.448,"body":"and more, all with the aim of helping your students reach their true potential. Plus, we'll"},{"startTime":125.448,"endTime":131.39,"body":"be letting you eavesdrop on our conversations with thought leaders from around the world. So"},{"startTime":131.39,"endTime":137.384,"body":"you'll get to hear the latest evidence based strategies before anyone else. This is the School"},{"startTime":137.421,"endTime":142.409,"body":"behaviour secrets podcast. Hi there. My name's Simon Currigan, and welcome to another episode"},{"startTime":142.409,"endTime":147.377,"body":"of school behaviour secrets. I used to get a lot of c pluses on my school reports, and the teachers"},{"startTime":147.377,"endTime":152.437,"body":"would always say things like some ability could do better. And this podcast, it's a continuation"},{"startTime":152.44299999999998,"endTime":155.351,"body":"of that, really. I'm joined here today by my cohost, Emma Shackleton. Hi, Emma."},{"startTime":155.351,"endTime":159.399,"body":"Hi, Simon. Have you got a question for me today?"},{"startTime":159.399,"endTime":166.35899999999998,"body":"You know it. Go on then. Can you tell me about a time that you forgot to turn up for something,"},{"startTime":166.35899999999998,"endTime":168.385,"body":"and what excuse did you give?"},{"startTime":168.422,"endTime":174.36599999999999,"body":"Well, I didn't really forget, but recently I was supposed to go to somebody's party, and I didn't"},{"startTime":174.36599999999999,"endTime":178.398,"body":"go because I changed my mind at the last minute, and I just didn't want to."},{"startTime":178.42,"endTime":179.37,"body":"Oh."},{"startTime":179.40800000000002,"endTime":185.399,"body":"I know. I gave the excuse that I was ill, which is a pretty poor excuse, really. I can't think"},{"startTime":185.399,"endTime":188.389,"body":"of any other examples. Have you got a good one, Simon?"},{"startTime":188.427,"endTime":193.358,"body":"I've got one recently. I was supposed to speak at a conference, and in my head, if you book"},{"startTime":193.358,"endTime":197.35,"body":"me to a conference, this isn't what I normally do when I'm speaking. Right! In my head, the"},{"startTime":197.35,"endTime":202.391,"body":"conference was absolutely on a Thursday, and I put it on a Thursday in my calendar. Then what"},{"startTime":202.391,"endTime":207.427,"body":"happens at a conference is often the organisers will send out some emails and say, could you"},{"startTime":207.427,"endTime":211.401,"body":"publicise that, you know, remind people about the conference on social media? And they'll they'll"},{"startTime":211.401,"endTime":215.417,"body":"give you a little bit of sort of text to copy and paste a view to personalise. So I went on"},{"startTime":215.417,"endTime":219.411,"body":"onto the social media on the Monday, and I was kind of, like, copying and pasting and just making"},{"startTime":219.411,"endTime":224.398,"body":"some alterations. And it said that the conference was actually on a Wednesday, and I was like,"},{"startTime":224.398,"endTime":227.438,"body":"no. This isn't right. And I looked at the date, and the Wednesday was the date they'd given."},{"startTime":228.362,"endTime":233.382,"body":"And I'd put it down on the wrong date in my diary. And if it wasn't for the fact that I got"},{"startTime":233.382,"endTime":237.408,"body":"that email through at the last moment, I think it have been very embarrassing. But if you book"},{"startTime":237.408,"endTime":242.39499999999998,"body":"me to speak at your event, that's not normal. I just wanna I just wanna emphasise that."},{"startTime":242.403,"endTime":246.435,"body":"And now you know that if Simon doesn't turn up, he will tell you that it was a scheduling error."},{"startTime":246.435,"endTime":250.36499999999998,"body":"A scheduling error. Yeah. Book Emma. Book Emma. That's probably better."},{"startTime":251.364,"endTime":253.381,"body":"Go on then. How is it linked to today's episode?"},{"startTime":253.412,"endTime":259.358,"body":"Well, today, we're giving you 6 key areas to focus on to improve the attendance of absentee"},{"startTime":259.35299999999995,"endTime":263.389,"body":"pupils, you know, those kids who are reluctant to come to school. And it's not anything to do"},{"startTime":263.389,"endTime":268.41700000000003,"body":"with diarising dates. I think when you look at schools, what's interesting is when you look"},{"startTime":268.41700000000003,"endTime":275.403,"body":"at non attendance and the percentages for non attendance, actually, most of the non attendance"},{"startTime":275.42499999999995,"endTime":281.366,"body":"actually comes from a very small number of pupils or families who persistently non attend. So"},{"startTime":281.366,"endTime":286.41200000000003,"body":"the big work about improving attendance rates isn't really to do with whole school stuff. It's"},{"startTime":286.41200000000003,"endTime":291.352,"body":"to do with individual pupils and families. So what we're gonna focus on today isn't really about"},{"startTime":291.352,"endTime":296.44899999999996,"body":"attendance in general. This is about improving the attendance of those persistent individual"},{"startTime":297.387,"endTime":298.39300000000003,"body":"non attending pupils."},{"startTime":298.399,"endTime":303.376,"body":"Sounds good. And by the way, if you're listening to our podcast and you'd like to support us,"},{"startTime":303.376,"endTime":309.355,"body":"the easiest way, and it doesn't cost any money, is to simply share it with your friends. Sharing"},{"startTime":309.355,"endTime":314.445,"body":"the podcast really helps the show to grow. And if you think about it, it was probably from someone"},{"startTime":314.445,"endTime":320.405,"body":"sharing it with you on social media or a word-of-mouth recommendation that you find out about"},{"startTime":320.405,"endTime":326.35299999999995,"body":"us too. To share the podcast, all you've got to do is open your podcast app and hit the share"},{"startTime":326.35299999999995,"endTime":332.383,"body":"button, and you can send a direct link in Messenger, by text, or WhatsApp or Snapchat or whatever,"},{"startTime":332.405,"endTime":337.44100000000003,"body":"or just share it with your feed on social media. And while you've got your podcast app open,"},{"startTime":337.44100000000003,"endTime":342.39099999999996,"body":"remember to subscribe to the podcast so that you never miss another episode."},{"startTime":342.413,"endTime":349.366,"body":"That said, it's time to take a pin, gently warm it over a flame, look closely in the mirror,"},{"startTime":349.39599999999996,"endTime":357.369,"body":"bring it closer to our face, and lance that monstrous carbuncle that is behaviour. So I think"},{"startTime":357.369,"endTime":362.41499999999996,"body":"we should think about why attendance is important first and have a look at a little bit of research."},{"startTime":363.35400000000004,"endTime":370.36,"body":"The DFE released data that showed the pupils with the best attendance also have the best attainment"},{"startTime":370.38199999999995,"endTime":377.352,"body":"in school at the age of 11, and persistently absent pupils were half as likely to achieve the"},{"startTime":377.352,"endTime":383.446,"body":"expected standard in reading, writing, and maths. And only 2.5% of persistently absent pupils"},{"startTime":383.446,"endTime":390.437,"body":"made the top grades compared to almost 22% of pupils with no missed sessions, which shows there"},{"startTime":390.437,"endTime":397.44100000000003,"body":"is a clear link between attendance and attainment, you know, progress in terms of their academic"},{"startTime":397.44100000000003,"endTime":400.429,"body":"learning, which makes sense. If you're not in school, you're not doing the learning, which means"},{"startTime":400.429,"endTime":404.44500000000005,"body":"you aren't gonna get the results. And the same reads through to the end of secondary. Pupils"},{"startTime":404.44500000000005,"endTime":410.43600000000004,"body":"with the best attendance also have the highest attainment at key stage 4. With high absence"},{"startTime":410.43600000000004,"endTime":417.447,"body":"pupils simply not doing as well in their GCSEs. And there was a really interesting study in"},{"startTime":417.447,"endTime":425.424,"body":"the US back in 2007 that found kids who had high absenteeism in kindergarten. That was a predictor"},{"startTime":425.446,"endTime":431.35400000000004,"body":"of poor outcomes in 1st grade. And then you could track those children having persistent difficulties"},{"startTime":432.352,"endTime":438.365,"body":"through subsequent years. It's almost as if those habits, you know, kicked in early and that"},{"startTime":438.365,"endTime":443.424,"body":"had poor outcomes over time. And that study also found that the lower the family income, the"},{"startTime":443.424,"endTime":448.37199999999996,"body":"more likely the child was to miss school. Another interesting piece of research about this before"},{"startTime":448.37199999999996,"endTime":452.443,"body":"we actually move on to the strategies, researchers from Swansea, Cardiff, and Cambridge Universities"},{"startTime":452.443,"endTime":459.40700000000004,"body":"and NHS Wales also found that young people with a neurodevelopmental disorder or a mental health"},{"startTime":459.40700000000004,"endTime":465.44899999999996,"body":"disorder or self harmed were much more likely to miss school than their peers. Although it sounds"},{"startTime":465.44899999999996,"endTime":471.399,"body":"like common sense, though, that behaviour and attendance would also be directly linked in the"},{"startTime":471.399,"endTime":477.361,"body":"way they are for behaviour and attainment, when you look at the research, the evidence is actually"},{"startTime":477.38300000000004,"endTime":483.408,"body":"much less clear. A really interesting study in 1996 in the UK looked at adults with criminal"},{"startTime":483.408,"endTime":489.418,"body":"convictions. And what the researchers tried to do was find common factors that those offenders"},{"startTime":489.418,"endTime":494.35799999999995,"body":"shared in their earlier lives so we could track back and do something early in children's lives"},{"startTime":494.35799999999995,"endTime":500.38199999999995,"body":"so they don't become offenders in the future. It was a big study that looked at lots of different"},{"startTime":500.38800000000003,"endTime":506.399,"body":"causes or predictors. And what they found in the evidence was the key predictors were things"},{"startTime":506.399,"endTime":513.395,"body":"like having a parent who'd been in jail, being part of a large family, low ability or low attainment"},{"startTime":513.395,"endTime":520.3679999999999,"body":"in school, and parenting factors such as poor parental supervision. The researchers did collect"},{"startTime":520.382,"endTime":527.408,"body":"data on school attendance, but they found in that study that by itself, it wasn't a predictor"},{"startTime":527.408,"endTime":532.404,"body":"of offending behaviour in the future. So that said, I think if children aren't in school, they"},{"startTime":532.404,"endTime":537.356,"body":"can't learn and make the best of their potential. They're going to lose out on social development"},{"startTime":537.356,"endTime":542.378,"body":"with their peers or become disconnected from their friends altogether. And once they're persistently"},{"startTime":542.384,"endTime":548.3919999999999,"body":"absent, they lose the habit of coming into school or they develop an anxiety about coming into"},{"startTime":548.3919999999999,"endTime":555.352,"body":"class, and then it is really hard to get back in. So let's look at what we can actually do to"},{"startTime":555.352,"endTime":562.364,"body":"help them. We've got 6 areas that drive most nonattendance, and they fit into the handy acronym,"},{"startTime":562.364,"endTime":566.446,"body":"the handy framework, Raided. Emma, do you wanna kick off with what Raided stands for?"},{"startTime":567.352,"endTime":576.3629999999999,"body":"Yes. So Raided, r a I d e d, and the R is for relationships. So when we talk about relationships,"},{"startTime":576.393,"endTime":582.448,"body":"we mean relationships with their friends and their peers and relationships with their teachers."},{"startTime":583.394,"endTime":590.445,"body":"One of the key factors for high absenteeism is when children feel like relationships have broken"},{"startTime":590.445,"endTime":597.353,"body":"down. So maybe they've been getting into trouble. Maybe the teacher's been having to correct"},{"startTime":597.353,"endTime":604.354,"body":"them, and they perceive that as the teacher doesn't like them anymore. Or maybe they've had"},{"startTime":604.354,"endTime":610.389,"body":"falling out with their peer groups, and they feel like they're not part of a group or that friendships"},{"startTime":610.403,"endTime":616.4,"body":"have changed and moved on. Maybe they're feeling left out. It's really tricky for some kids"},{"startTime":616.4,"endTime":622.392,"body":"to come to school if they feel like they haven't got solid friendships, or they feel like the"},{"startTime":622.392,"endTime":629.393,"body":"teachers don't like them. So it's important to think about relationships as the building block"},{"startTime":629.407,"endTime":635.441,"body":"for good attendance. Do children feel like they are being kept in mind if they've had a short"},{"startTime":635.441,"endTime":641.371,"body":"period of absence? Maybe when children have had an illness from school, the temptation is for"},{"startTime":641.371,"endTime":646.3910000000001,"body":"them to feel that they've been forgotten, that the class have moved on without them, the learning's"},{"startTime":646.3910000000001,"endTime":650.447,"body":"moved on, they won't know what to do when they go back, And that can make it really, really"},{"startTime":650.447,"endTime":656.359,"body":"tricky to just step back into school. They might be worried about what their friends will say"},{"startTime":656.359,"endTime":661.402,"body":"to them. They might be worried about awkward questions, or maybe they'll be worried that their"},{"startTime":661.402,"endTime":666.448,"body":"best friend has got a new best friend now. So they feel like relationships have broken down."},{"startTime":667.3960000000001,"endTime":671.3820000000001,"body":"So in the acronym, raidered, r stands for relationships."},{"startTime":672.352,"endTime":676.424,"body":"And it implies that what we're gonna have to do is how do we reconnect those children with their"},{"startTime":676.424,"endTime":680.407,"body":"peer group group or with the teacher so they do feel more comfortable coming into class, and"},{"startTime":680.407,"endTime":687.355,"body":"that might be a piece of really specific structured work. A in rated stands for anxiety. And"},{"startTime":687.355,"endTime":692.369,"body":"we've already done podcasts in the past about EBSA, which is emotionally based school avoidance."},{"startTime":692.375,"endTime":697.4390000000001,"body":"And it's really interesting how the terminology around this is changing. So in the past, we"},{"startTime":697.4390000000001,"endTime":703.3910000000001,"body":"would have talked about truancy or school refusal, which kind of like labels the child as making"},{"startTime":703.3910000000001,"endTime":708.361,"body":"a decision that they don't want to come into school. It's almost as if they're just being stubborn"},{"startTime":708.361,"endTime":713.4110000000001,"body":"or willful. They just don't wanna do it. But actually when you dig down into it, children who"},{"startTime":713.4110000000001,"endTime":718.4390000000001,"body":"don't come into school often have this deep seated anxiety. They have these worries. And it's"},{"startTime":718.4390000000001,"endTime":724.386,"body":"not that they're refusing. The you're getting emotionally driven behavior, which seeks them"},{"startTime":724.386,"endTime":731.383,"body":"to avoid being in a situation in which they find threatened or uncomfortable or worrying or"},{"startTime":731.383,"endTime":736.404,"body":"they feel like they can't succeed. And when you get an anxiety like that, obviously, the thing"},{"startTime":736.404,"endTime":742.369,"body":"you're gonna do is to seek to avoid being in that situation where you might be failing or threatened."},{"startTime":742.4150000000001,"endTime":747.416,"body":"So what we need to really do is dig down through conversations with the child about what is"},{"startTime":747.416,"endTime":752.3960000000001,"body":"actually causing that anxiety. What are the seeds of that anxiety? And the difficult thing is,"},{"startTime":752.3960000000001,"endTime":756.4350000000001,"body":"especially with younger children, they might not know for themselves. They might not be able"},{"startTime":756.4350000000001,"endTime":761.421,"body":"to verbalise it, which is why it's also really important. We talk to parents because they might"},{"startTime":761.421,"endTime":766.393,"body":"have some inside knowledge about how the child perceives school so then we can put in place"},{"startTime":766.393,"endTime":772.407,"body":"a plan to help them in a graduated, planned way overcome that anxiety or at least manage that"},{"startTime":772.407,"endTime":777.4010000000001,"body":"anxiety because we never really get rid of our anxieties, you know, in completion. What we do"},{"startTime":777.4010000000001,"endTime":780.447,"body":"is we learn strategies for managing and minimising anxiety."},{"startTime":781.369,"endTime":785.421,"body":"I think that's a good point about anxiety actually, Simon, because we mustn't forget that when"},{"startTime":785.421,"endTime":794.413,"body":"people feel anxious, the anxiety manifests in real physical bodily sensations. So children who"},{"startTime":794.413,"endTime":802.373,"body":"feel anxious will get tummy aches, headaches, leg aches, backaches, earaches, And when they"},{"startTime":802.373,"endTime":808.397,"body":"feel painful sensations, they can then start to feel anxious about the pain and and get worried"},{"startTime":808.397,"endTime":812.446,"body":"that they're poorly as well. So it becomes into a vicious cycle, doesn't it? Yeah. So definitely"},{"startTime":813.384,"endTime":819.434,"body":"talking through with them about how that is normal, helping them to locate where they feel anxiety"},{"startTime":820.356,"endTime":825.408,"body":"in their body, and helping them to overcome the difficult thing and come out the other side"},{"startTime":825.438,"endTime":832.427,"body":"is really crucial here. Because as you said, the anxiety leads them to avoid school, which reinforces"},{"startTime":832.4490000000001,"endTime":837.413,"body":"their belief that, you know, school's not for them or their friends don't like them or the teacher"},{"startTime":837.413,"endTime":838.407,"body":"doesn't like them."},{"startTime":838.4150000000001,"endTime":842.431,"body":"And if you want to know more about EDSA and the specific strategies you can use to help children"},{"startTime":842.431,"endTime":849.4440000000001,"body":"overcome emotionally based school anxiety, head back to episode 76 with Jerrica Holder."},{"startTime":850.35,"endTime":858.4010000000001,"body":"Okay. So in our attendance acronym, Raided, r was for relationships, a for anxiety, I stands"},{"startTime":858.4010000000001,"endTime":869.356,"body":"for identity. And what we mean by identity is, what does someone with my life history, what does my family, what do my community,"},{"startTime":869.356,"endTime":876.39,"body":"what do my friendships, what's my lived experience and my expectations for life in a situation"},{"startTime":876.404,"endTime":883.418,"body":"like this? When I don't want to go to school or I hate a lesson or I feel isolated from my peers,"},{"startTime":884.402,"endTime":891.4060000000001,"body":"what do I do? And family culture plays a huge role in this. The way that we see ourselves, the"},{"startTime":891.4060000000001,"endTime":898.368,"body":"way that we notice and observe our family members and our communities responding to situations"},{"startTime":898.4300000000001,"endTime":904.4490000000001,"body":"will have a huge influence on how we also respond to that situation. Thinking back to when we"},{"startTime":904.4490000000001,"endTime":911.445,"body":"were talking about EBSA earlier, lots of families that I've worked with where the child is feeling"},{"startTime":911.445,"endTime":918.414,"body":"unable to come to school because they are overwhelmed with emotions, many of the adults in those"},{"startTime":918.414,"endTime":925.405,"body":"families will often say, yeah, I didn't go to school very much when I was little, or, you know,"},{"startTime":925.432,"endTime":931.44,"body":"mom will say, I missed a lot of school. Or dad will say, yeah, I got excluded from school. So"},{"startTime":931.44,"endTime":938.3530000000001,"body":"if that's the child's lived experience that the people close to them, siblings as well, if a"},{"startTime":938.3530000000001,"endTime":944.4110000000001,"body":"sibling is not attending school, that makes it doubly difficult for that child to come in. Because"},{"startTime":944.412,"endTime":949.384,"body":"from their perspective, their sibling isn't coming into school. They're spending time at home"},{"startTime":949.384,"endTime":956.376,"body":"or doing other things. So why can't they? So the family culture plays a huge role in the child's"},{"startTime":956.3820000000001,"endTime":964.369,"body":"identifying as a school refuser or a school avoider or, you know, what am I? Am I someone who"},{"startTime":964.369,"endTime":968.402,"body":"goes to school, or am I someone who it doesn't matter if I don't go to school?"},{"startTime":968.418,"endTime":973.438,"body":"Yeah. It's amazing how so much of our identity comes from three things. The stories I tell myself"},{"startTime":973.438,"endTime":978.423,"body":"about my life, the stories other people tell me about my life, and the actions I've taken in"},{"startTime":978.423,"endTime":983.419,"body":"the past, and, you know, unpicking that can be a really important building block of improving"},{"startTime":983.419,"endTime":990.447,"body":"attendance. So d in our rated acronym, that stands for direction. And I think this is a really"},{"startTime":991.393,"endTime":998.392,"body":"interesting way to view nonattendance because the assumption sometimes is to say, well, look."},{"startTime":998.392,"endTime":1003.4110000000001,"body":"The child doesn't want to be in school. And we need to think about, well, actually, are they"},{"startTime":1003.4110000000001,"endTime":1008.447,"body":"being pushed away from school, or are they being pulled towards home? You could have the same"},{"startTime":1008.447,"endTime":1014.4350000000001,"body":"behaviour nonattendance that is actually being fueled by a different reason. So it might well"},{"startTime":1014.4350000000001,"endTime":1019.418,"body":"be that the child's got anxiety and they don't want to be in school. So school is kind of pushing"},{"startTime":1019.418,"endTime":1024.414,"body":"them away from attendance, and then you get kind of anxiety and identity of things we've already"},{"startTime":1024.414,"endTime":1029.415,"body":"spoken about. However, there is another possibility, and that's not that they don't want to"},{"startTime":1029.415,"endTime":1037.358,"body":"be in school, but, actually, are they being pulled towards home? Right? Are they worried about"},{"startTime":1037.358,"endTime":1042.434,"body":"something that's happening in the home? Is there potentially domestic violence, and they're"},{"startTime":1042.434,"endTime":1050.396,"body":"worried about whether mom's okay. Is dad hitting mom? Is mom safe? There might be issues around"},{"startTime":1050.402,"endTime":1055.364,"body":"family breakdown, and mom and dad are arguing all the time, and they're worried that when they"},{"startTime":1055.364,"endTime":1061.356,"body":"get home tonight, either mom or dad won't be there. Are they worried about a family member who"},{"startTime":1061.356,"endTime":1068.4089999999999,"body":"is significantly ill, or has there been a bereavement in the family recently, and they're concerned,"},{"startTime":1068.439,"endTime":1073.417,"body":"irrationally, but concerned that another one of their family members might die or they need"},{"startTime":1073.417,"endTime":1079.426,"body":"nurture, from a family member to cope with the feelings around that loss. All of those are factors"},{"startTime":1080.3609999999999,"endTime":1084.3609999999999,"body":"that have nothing to do with school. So if we come with the assumption that there is something"},{"startTime":1084.3609999999999,"endTime":1089.423,"body":"wrong with school, then actually we might miss these other factors. It's not about school avoidance."},{"startTime":1089.423,"endTime":1096.357,"body":"It's about a need to be at home to check on something or resolve an emotional uncertainty."},{"startTime":1096.406,"endTime":1104.44,"body":"Okay. And having said that, e is for environment. So e is looking at what can we do differently"},{"startTime":1105.354,"endTime":1112.358,"body":"at school. So instead of expecting that the child will change and then slot back into school,"},{"startTime":1112.358,"endTime":1118.3709999999999,"body":"which has stayed exactly the same as when they started feeling anxious about it, we're looking"},{"startTime":1118.3709999999999,"endTime":1125.413,"body":"at how can we equip the child, but also what adaptations can we make to the environment. So"},{"startTime":1125.413,"endTime":1131.4089999999999,"body":"recently I was supporting a school and they'd got a little boy in reception who was really struggling"},{"startTime":1131.4089999999999,"endTime":1137.3609999999999,"body":"to separate from mom in the morning. He kept saying he'd got tummy ache, he was crying, he was"},{"startTime":1137.3609999999999,"endTime":1142.407,"body":"hanging on to mom, he didn't want to come in. And after quite a lot of digging by the teachers,"},{"startTime":1142.413,"endTime":1147.4219999999998,"body":"they found out that he was frightened of the noise of the hand dryer in the toilets. And that"},{"startTime":1147.4219999999998,"endTime":1153.4399999999998,"body":"goes off many times a day. And every time the hand dryer was activated and there was that big"},{"startTime":1153.446,"endTime":1159.3809999999999,"body":"noise, that was frightening for him, and that was triggering that sense of fear and him wanting"},{"startTime":1159.3809999999999,"endTime":1164.3529999999998,"body":"to run away. So, of course, he didn't want to come into school because he felt frightened, and"},{"startTime":1164.3529999999998,"endTime":1170.3519999999999,"body":"he was associating school with those horrible feelings of being frightened. So once the teacher"},{"startTime":1170.3519999999999,"endTime":1174.416,"body":"had established that this was one of the reasons he didn't want to come in, they did a really"},{"startTime":1174.416,"endTime":1181.3709999999999,"body":"simple thing. They turned the hand dryer off. So actually nobody could use it anymore. Now that"},{"startTime":1181.3709999999999,"endTime":1187.395,"body":"was a bit of a faff, and they had to have paper towels. But over time, it meant that this little"},{"startTime":1187.395,"endTime":1194.387,"body":"boy could come back into school and could cope with the environment that he was in. Now, the"},{"startTime":1194.387,"endTime":1199.4309999999998,"body":"next thing that they did, which was very clever, it took a long time, but over the course of"},{"startTime":1199.4309999999998,"endTime":1207.414,"body":"his year in the reception class, they gradually then started using social stories, using gradual"},{"startTime":1207.436,"endTime":1214.424,"body":"exposure. They started to be able to switch the hand dryer back on, and they started to teach"},{"startTime":1214.424,"endTime":1221.3639999999998,"body":"him not to be frightened of that sound. And once he eventually understood that he wasn't under"},{"startTime":1221.3639999999998,"endTime":1226.427,"body":"threat, he wasn't gonna be harmed by hearing that noise. He did learn to cope then with the"},{"startTime":1226.427,"endTime":1233.398,"body":"hand dryer. So that's a very specific example of where the school made a simple adaptation to"},{"startTime":1233.398,"endTime":1240.3729999999998,"body":"the environment, which meant that the child was then able to cope in that environment. So e"},{"startTime":1240.3729999999998,"endTime":1241.387,"body":"is for environment."},{"startTime":1241.433,"endTime":1249.36,"body":"And the last letter of our RAIDED framework is d for a disconnection. Has the student lost the"},{"startTime":1249.36,"endTime":1257.4479999999999,"body":"value of education to them in their lives? Do they need to connect education to their own aspirations,"},{"startTime":1258.3539999999998,"endTime":1263.406,"body":"their own dreams and values? Do they see the point of being in school and learning? I think"},{"startTime":1263.406,"endTime":1269.359,"body":"what we need to do here, a lot of children feel like their learning isn't connected to something"},{"startTime":1269.389,"endTime":1274.4489999999998,"body":"purposeful or meaningful, and that means it doesn't have a relevance to them. And this doesn't"},{"startTime":1274.4489999999998,"endTime":1280.4089999999999,"body":"have to be done through big kind of like I have a dream, Martin Luther King style speeches,"},{"startTime":1280.4089999999999,"endTime":1287.379,"body":"you know, creating a grand vision. But actually understanding is what I'm learning today relevant,"},{"startTime":1287.3929999999998,"endTime":1291.375,"body":"or is it gonna move me towards goal? However small, when I used to teach in primary schools,"},{"startTime":1291.3829999999998,"endTime":1295.4009999999998,"body":"there were a couple of lessons during the week, and I'm thinking especially of things like handwriting"},{"startTime":1295.423,"endTime":1302.3529999999998,"body":"or spelling, that if they're taught in isolation can actually seem irrelevant or boring or pointless."},{"startTime":1302.375,"endTime":1305.443,"body":"So what we used to do at the start of the week, we would put up for all of the English work,"},{"startTime":1305.443,"endTime":1309.4379999999999,"body":"we put up a massive mind map, and we'd talk through what we were gonna do on Monday, Tuesday,"},{"startTime":1309.4379999999999,"endTime":1315.4409999999998,"body":"Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, then how all these constituent parts were gonna build up to a piece"},{"startTime":1315.4409999999998,"endTime":1320.3809999999999,"body":"of work on Friday. So if we're doing some work on handwriting, we'd say, well, on Friday, we're"},{"startTime":1320.3809999999999,"endTime":1323.4409999999998,"body":"gonna do a piece of work that's gonna go on display, and you are going to need to be able to"},{"startTime":1323.4409999999998,"endTime":1329.418,"body":"do this join in a certain way, and people are going to be looking at it. And now that work has"},{"startTime":1329.4479999999999,"endTime":1333.426,"body":"purpose. It's only a small thing. It's not a massive thing, but it's got purpose. Or if it's"},{"startTime":1333.426,"endTime":1339.395,"body":"about spelling and learning a certain phonics combination, then in the work we're doing as we're"},{"startTime":1339.395,"endTime":1343.433,"body":"building up throughout the week, you're gonna meet lots and lots of these phonic blends in your"},{"startTime":1343.433,"endTime":1348.397,"body":"reading, and you're gonna need to use them in your writing throughout the week. And now learning"},{"startTime":1348.397,"endTime":1355.447,"body":"that has much more purpose. So d is for disconnection. If the child or the student has lost"},{"startTime":1355.447,"endTime":1360.413,"body":"the value of education to them, then we're gonna need to reconnect them so they feel motivated"},{"startTime":1360.413,"endTime":1363.435,"body":"to come in and they see the point and value of school."},{"startTime":1363.4409999999998,"endTime":1367.415,"body":"Okay. So our rated acronym was R for relationships."},{"startTime":1368.377,"endTime":1369.375,"body":"A for anxiety."},{"startTime":1369.4209999999998,"endTime":1374.355,"body":"I for identity. D for direction. E for environment."},{"startTime":1374.403,"endTime":1379.4409999999998,"body":"And D for disconnection. And, obviously, there are other factors that can drive nonattendance."},{"startTime":1380.387,"endTime":1387.424,"body":"Every child is an individual, but these are the key ones that you'll probably find cover 85% of cases."},{"startTime":1388.378,"endTime":1393.4299999999998,"body":"And if you found today's helpful or useful, please do leave us a review as this prompts the"},{"startTime":1393.4299999999998,"endTime":1399.3819999999998,"body":"algorithm to share the show with other teachers, school leaders, and parents who might also"},{"startTime":1399.388,"endTime":1404.3539999999998,"body":"find the information helpful. It's like putting some good karma out there."},{"startTime":1404.368,"endTime":1408.4289999999999,"body":"What's more, leaving a review will make you feel as happy as an Eastern European meerkat who"},{"startTime":1408.4289999999999,"endTime":1414.365,"body":"threw a bizarre set of circumstances and business deals that have never been fully explained"},{"startTime":1414.365,"endTime":1419.379,"body":"or subjected to the slightest journalistic scrutiny, started a nationwide insurance company,"},{"startTime":1419.4009999999998,"endTime":1423.377,"body":"and became a mansion dwelling billionaire as a result. Get in!"},{"startTime":1423.377,"endTime":1428.3619999999999,"body":"We hope you have a brilliant week and look forward to seeing you next time on School Behaviour"},{"startTime":1428.3619999999999,"endTime":1429.432,"body":"Secrets. Bye for now."},{"startTime":1429.4379999999999,"endTime":1430.388,"body":"Bye."}]}