{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":0.84,"endTime":3.3,"body":"Thank you so much for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":0.84,"endTime":3.3,"body":"joining us on discover"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":3.3,"endTime":8.49,"body":"economics. How did I get here?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":3.3,"endTime":8.49,"body":"podcast? Just who? Or what is an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":8.49,"endTime":12.15,"body":"economist, there's an economic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":8.49,"endTime":12.15,"body":"lens for every topic that you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":12.15,"endTime":15.36,"body":"can possibly think of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":12.15,"endTime":15.36,"body":"economists in our podcast are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":15.36,"endTime":19.53,"body":"motivated by a desire to change"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":15.36,"endTime":19.53,"body":"the world. 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And it's been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":34.26,"endTime":37.11,"body":"an absolute delight to do this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":37.11,"endTime":41.7,"body":"series on To learn more, to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":37.11,"endTime":41.7,"body":"indulge my noisiness to get to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":41.7,"endTime":44.94,"body":"ask so many questions, I'm"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":41.7,"endTime":44.94,"body":"hoping you as listeners will"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":44.94,"endTime":49.38,"body":"have wanted to ask yourself,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":44.94,"endTime":49.38,"body":"thanks for listening. This"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":49.38,"endTime":53.82,"body":"week's episode is with Andy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":49.38,"endTime":53.82,"body":"helding. Before I dive in, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":53.82,"endTime":58.02,"body":"you get to hear from Andy and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":53.82,"endTime":58.02,"body":"his official bio, etc. At the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":58.02,"endTime":60.21,"body":"time of this interview, just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":58.02,"endTime":60.21,"body":"wanted to flag up that he was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":60.21,"endTime":63.39,"body":"the chief economist at the Bank"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":60.21,"endTime":63.39,"body":"of England. He has since moved"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":63.39,"endTime":67.71,"body":"on from that role. As of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":63.39,"endTime":67.71,"body":"recording this intro I'm we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":67.71,"endTime":70.95,"body":"haven't had confirmed for us"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":67.71,"endTime":70.95,"body":"move to next. But there's lots"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":70.98,"endTime":75.36,"body":"of great description and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":70.98,"endTime":75.36,"body":"storytelling about how he got"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":75.36,"endTime":78.57,"body":"into the position. He's in his"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":75.36,"endTime":78.57,"body":"experience. And it's a really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":78.57,"endTime":83.34,"body":"great interview. And he is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":78.57,"endTime":83.34,"body":"lovely. And there's just a lot"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":83.37,"endTime":87.87,"body":"in this about that he might come"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":83.37,"endTime":87.87,"body":"into it thinking, you know, he's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":87.87,"endTime":89.7,"body":"chief economist at the Bank of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":87.87,"endTime":89.7,"body":"England. 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So today"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":106.62,"endTime":110.58,"body":"we're joined by Andrew Haldane."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":106.62,"endTime":110.58,"body":"Andrew is the chief economist at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":110.58,"endTime":113.67,"body":"the Bank of England. He's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":110.58,"endTime":113.67,"body":"member of the bank's monetary"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":113.67,"endTime":116.43,"body":"policy committee and chair of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":113.67,"endTime":116.43,"body":"the government's industrial"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":116.43,"endTime":119.79,"body":"strategy Council. Andrew is also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":116.43,"endTime":119.79,"body":"an honorary professor at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":119.79,"endTime":122.64,"body":"University of Nottingham, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":119.79,"endTime":122.64,"body":"visiting fellow at Nuffield"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":122.64,"endTime":126.75,"body":"College, Oxford, a fellow of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":122.64,"endTime":126.75,"body":"Academy of Social Sciences and a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":126.75,"endTime":129.42,"body":"governor of the National"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":126.75,"endTime":129.42,"body":"Institute of economic and social"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":129.42,"endTime":134.4,"body":"research. Phew. Okay, so Hi,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":129.42,"endTime":134.4,"body":"Andy, lovely to meet you. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":134.43,"endTime":137.52,"body":"thank you so much again for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":134.43,"endTime":137.52,"body":"taking the time to talk to us."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":138.27,"endTime":141.27,"body":"And we're gonna dive in and find"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":138.27,"endTime":141.27,"body":"out exactly how you got here."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":141.63,"endTime":143.55,"body":"Well, thank you, Jennifer."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":141.63,"endTime":143.55,"body":"Thanks for having me. I'm"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":143.55,"endTime":144.57,"body":"looking forward to 70"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":144.81,"endTime":148.53,"body":"Good, good. Okay. So let's start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":144.81,"endTime":148.53,"body":"I am i right in thinking that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":148.53,"endTime":148.89,"body":"you grew"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":148.89,"endTime":154.02,"body":"up in Leeds? I did. Born a bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":148.89,"endTime":154.02,"body":"further north than that in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":154.05,"endTime":159.93,"body":"Sunderland, but grew up just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":154.05,"endTime":159.93,"body":"north of Leeds. Yes. buneary"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":159.93,"endTime":163.02,"body":"Yorkshireman despite being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":159.93,"endTime":163.02,"body":"northeast by birth,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":163.53,"endTime":165.84,"body":"well, I can definitely when I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":163.53,"endTime":165.84,"body":"when I've been listening to you,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":165.84,"endTime":169.05,"body":"I've spotted some of the vowels"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":165.84,"endTime":169.05,"body":"now might get they haven't gone"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":169.23,"endTime":172.05,"body":"to some of the leads vowels are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":169.23,"endTime":172.05,"body":"still in there. Oh, that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":172.05,"endTime":174.57,"body":"right. It's still bath rather"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":172.05,"endTime":174.57,"body":"than bath. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":176.25,"endTime":181.29,"body":"becomes more so actually, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":176.25,"endTime":181.29,"body":"know, after after a pint of beer"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":181.29,"endTime":183.39,"body":"become progressively more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":181.29,"endTime":183.39,"body":"northern?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":184.56,"endTime":187.38,"body":"Yes, I can relate to that with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":184.56,"endTime":187.38,"body":"the Scottishness? Definitely."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":187.56,"endTime":190.68,"body":"I've been in London for 15"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":187.56,"endTime":190.68,"body":"years. And I was just saying"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":190.68,"endTime":194.16,"body":"that we recently moved to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":190.68,"endTime":194.16,"body":"Cornwall. And everyone keeps"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":194.16,"endTime":196.68,"body":"saying to me that you've lived"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":194.16,"endTime":196.68,"body":"in England for 15 years. You"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":196.68,"endTime":199.32,"body":"still sound like you're from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":196.68,"endTime":199.32,"body":"Scotland? I said, Yeah. Though,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":199.32,"endTime":203.55,"body":"it doesn't go away. That's for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":199.32,"endTime":203.55,"body":"sure. No, no, it shouldn't. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":203.55,"endTime":206.13,"body":"find in my experience, I get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":203.55,"endTime":206.13,"body":"away with a lot more with a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":206.13,"endTime":209.49,"body":"Scottish accent. 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What in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":218.34,"endTime":221.43,"body":"what subjects were you into?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":221.58,"endTime":225.84,"body":"Well, I can't pretend Jenna for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":221.58,"endTime":225.84,"body":"one second, I was especially"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":225.84,"endTime":229.05,"body":"diligent that school I mean,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":225.84,"endTime":229.05,"body":"there was just other things"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.05,"endTime":232.71,"body":"going on, to be honest."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.05,"endTime":232.71,"body":"Including sports, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":232.71,"endTime":237.63,"body":"sport was a much larger part of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":232.71,"endTime":237.63,"body":"my life than was studying when I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":237.63,"endTime":243.09,"body":"was, you know, 1416, probably"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":237.63,"endTime":243.09,"body":"even 18 actually, didn't really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":243.09,"endTime":246.36,"body":"come from a background that had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":243.09,"endTime":246.36,"body":"been especially academic. 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I was interested, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":263.97,"endTime":268.14,"body":"know, in politics, interested in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":268.2,"endTime":273.39,"body":"the economy interested in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":268.2,"endTime":273.39,"body":"communities? What, what makes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":273.42,"endTime":277.92,"body":"them work? And as importantly,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":273.42,"endTime":277.92,"body":"what made them sort of not work?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":277.92,"endTime":280.92,"body":"So those were all areas of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":277.92,"endTime":280.92,"body":"interest, but I can't pretend"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":280.92,"endTime":285.27,"body":"for one second, I was obsessed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":280.92,"endTime":285.27,"body":"by those as I was by football,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":285.27,"endTime":288.39,"body":"or cricket or tennis at that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":285.27,"endTime":288.39,"body":"stage wasn't true."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":288.84,"endTime":290.94,"body":"Well, the good thing about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":288.84,"endTime":290.94,"body":"economics is you can apply it to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":290.94,"endTime":293.79,"body":"sports quite nicely. So you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":290.94,"endTime":293.79,"body":"know, that could have been a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":293.79,"endTime":294.93,"body":"route that you went down."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":295.44,"endTime":299.82,"body":"Well, and some have no, I mean,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":295.44,"endTime":299.82,"body":"one of the nice things that I do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":299.82,"endTime":304.62,"body":"think about the subject is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":299.82,"endTime":304.62,"body":"it is about everything and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":304.62,"endTime":310.44,"body":"everyone. I mean, it isn't an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":304.62,"endTime":310.44,"body":"abstruse academic discipline, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":310.44,"endTime":314.34,"body":"are all the economy, we're all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":310.44,"endTime":314.34,"body":"making decisions that shape the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":314.34,"endTime":318.81,"body":"economy, absolutely every day of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":314.34,"endTime":318.81,"body":"our lives. So that notion of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":318.81,"endTime":323.13,"body":"everyday economy has actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":318.81,"endTime":323.13,"body":"been pretty central to what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":323.13,"endTime":325.95,"body":"well, why I got interested in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":323.13,"endTime":325.95,"body":"the subject in the first place,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":326.19,"endTime":329.07,"body":"but also why I have remained"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":326.19,"endTime":329.07,"body":"interest in it to this day,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":329.07,"endTime":335.49,"body":"because when it goes wrong, it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":329.07,"endTime":335.49,"body":"affects everyone and what we all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":335.49,"endTime":338.85,"body":"do, importantly, shapes how well"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":335.49,"endTime":338.85,"body":"the economy does."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":339.15,"endTime":342.21,"body":"Yeah, absolutely. You mentioned"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":339.15,"endTime":342.21,"body":"their interest when you were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":342.21,"endTime":345.78,"body":"younger, in kind of community"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":342.21,"endTime":345.78,"body":"and that side of things, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":345.78,"endTime":349.02,"body":"something I very much relate to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":345.78,"endTime":349.02,"body":"my I grew up, like you with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":349.02,"endTime":352.14,"body":"parents who didn't go to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":349.02,"endTime":352.14,"body":"university, and my sister and I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":352.2,"endTime":355.11,"body":"were kind of the first to go"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":352.2,"endTime":355.11,"body":"along. Thankfully, she did it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":355.11,"endTime":358.26,"body":"before me. So all expectations"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":355.11,"endTime":358.26,"body":"are on her, which is very nice."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":358.44,"endTime":362.07,"body":"Being the younger child is the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":358.44,"endTime":362.07,"body":"best. But one of the things that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":362.07,"endTime":366.48,"body":"my parents did really focus on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":362.07,"endTime":366.48,"body":"when we were growing up, was my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":366.48,"endTime":368.43,"body":"mom used to always say, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":366.48,"endTime":368.43,"body":"know, education is the thing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":368.43,"endTime":371.31,"body":"that no one can take away from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":368.43,"endTime":371.31,"body":"you. So it's very important that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":371.31,"endTime":374.4,"body":"you We don't care what you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":371.31,"endTime":374.4,"body":"study, but keep learning was was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":374.4,"endTime":377.1,"body":"a big thing in our house, which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":374.4,"endTime":377.1,"body":"I'll we'll come back to because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":377.1,"endTime":379.65,"body":"I know you have a lot to say"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":377.1,"endTime":379.65,"body":"about lifelong learning and that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":379.65,"endTime":382.44,"body":"side of things, which I think is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":379.65,"endTime":382.44,"body":"important, but also that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":382.44,"endTime":384.75,"body":"community side. So we were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":382.44,"endTime":384.75,"body":"encouraged to volunteer from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":384.75,"endTime":387.6,"body":"quite a young age. And that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":384.75,"endTime":387.6,"body":"something I know that you've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":387.6,"endTime":393.36,"body":"talked about as well, with that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":387.6,"endTime":393.36,"body":"kind of the passport for notes."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":393.45,"endTime":398.04,"body":"Let me elaborate on that a bit."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":393.45,"endTime":398.04,"body":"You're right, I've done quite a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":398.04,"endTime":404.46,"body":"bit of thinking and writing and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":398.04,"endTime":404.46,"body":"doing actually on the case for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":404.73,"endTime":410.4,"body":"voluntary activity of various"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":404.73,"endTime":410.4,"body":"types, the case chapter pursuits"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":410.4,"endTime":414.87,"body":"of various types, for all sorts"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":410.4,"endTime":414.87,"body":"of reasons. I mean, one of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":414.87,"endTime":417.63,"body":"most obvious, of course, is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":414.87,"endTime":417.63,"body":"it's a good thing to do. If"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":417.63,"endTime":420.21,"body":"you're volunteering to do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":417.63,"endTime":420.21,"body":"something that helps other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":420.21,"endTime":424.56,"body":"people, that is fantastic for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":420.21,"endTime":424.56,"body":"them, that you're able to do."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":424.59,"endTime":427.26,"body":"But it's actually also fantastic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":424.59,"endTime":427.26,"body":"for you that you're able to do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":427.26,"endTime":431.28,"body":"that, for building your skills,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":427.26,"endTime":431.28,"body":"including, importantly, your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":431.28,"endTime":434.37,"body":"interpersonal skills, which are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":431.28,"endTime":434.37,"body":"even more important in the world"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":434.37,"endTime":438.42,"body":"of work. And now, this is good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":434.37,"endTime":438.42,"body":"for your intrinsic sense of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":438.45,"endTime":443.07,"body":"happiness. It makes you not just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":438.45,"endTime":443.07,"body":"happier but healthier, as a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":443.07,"endTime":446.52,"body":"result. So any type of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":443.07,"endTime":446.52,"body":"charitable or voluntary"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":446.52,"endTime":451.23,"body":"activity, I think delivers huge"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":446.52,"endTime":451.23,"body":"benefits to both the giver and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":451.23,"endTime":456.03,"body":"the receiver as well as the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":451.23,"endTime":456.03,"body":"receiver of that activity. 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A"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":472.23,"endTime":476.34,"body":"key part of that I think is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":476.34,"endTime":482.64,"body":"engaging in community or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":476.34,"endTime":482.64,"body":"voluntary activities of various"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":483.12,"endTime":487.05,"body":"types. We aren't quite there, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":483.12,"endTime":487.05,"body":"aren't quite there in terms of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":487.05,"endTime":491.13,"body":"generating the culture, or the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":487.05,"endTime":491.13,"body":"infrastructure that would best"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":491.13,"endTime":494.37,"body":"support that sort of lifelong"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":491.13,"endTime":494.37,"body":"learning or lifelong"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":494.37,"endTime":499.05,"body":"volunteering. 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For those activities,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":522.57,"endTime":526.32,"body":"we want means of recording,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":522.57,"endTime":526.32,"body":"recognising and in principle,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":526.32,"endTime":530.01,"body":"rewarding those activities, not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":526.32,"endTime":530.01,"body":"on a lifelong basis. So that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":530.01,"endTime":534.42,"body":"been a, that has been a key"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":530.01,"endTime":534.42,"body":"theme of some of my, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":534.54,"endTime":537.45,"body":"throughout my career, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":534.54,"endTime":537.45,"body":"particular some of the charity"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":537.45,"endTime":538.98,"body":"work over the last 10 or 15"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":537.45,"endTime":538.98,"body":"years."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":539.1,"endTime":542.31,"body":"Yeah. And that made me wonder,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":539.1,"endTime":542.31,"body":"actually, like, is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":542.31,"endTime":545.88,"body":"something that started with you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":542.31,"endTime":545.88,"body":"quite young? Like in terms of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":545.88,"endTime":546.57,"body":"voluntary stuff?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":546.63,"endTime":550.32,"body":"Yes. bits and pieces weren't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":546.63,"endTime":550.32,"body":"something my interest in it? I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":550.32,"endTime":553.44,"body":"think often we'll have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":550.32,"endTime":553.44,"body":"discussions about, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":553.44,"endTime":558.45,"body":"politics or discussions about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":553.44,"endTime":558.45,"body":"the economy, or indeed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":558.45,"endTime":561.78,"body":"discussions around our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":558.45,"endTime":561.78,"body":"communities, the debate"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":562.44,"endTime":565.86,"body":"bifurcates into, you know, do we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":562.44,"endTime":565.86,"body":"want a bigger role for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":565.86,"endTime":568.62,"body":"government? Or do we want a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":565.86,"endTime":568.62,"body":"bigger role for the market and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":568.62,"endTime":572.4,"body":"that's been sort of the the arm"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":568.62,"endTime":572.4,"body":"wrestle politically and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":572.4,"endTime":575.67,"body":"economically we've been having"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":572.4,"endTime":575.67,"body":"for many, many decades now. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":575.67,"endTime":580.68,"body":"what that misses out of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":575.67,"endTime":580.68,"body":"equation is crucially is the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":580.68,"endTime":586.92,"body":"role of civil society, of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":580.68,"endTime":586.92,"body":"communities, of voluntary groups"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":586.92,"endTime":591.78,"body":"of faith groups of charities,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":586.92,"endTime":591.78,"body":"which are every bit as important"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":591.78,"endTime":595.56,"body":"as we all know, to the fabric of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":591.78,"endTime":595.56,"body":"our societies and the fabric of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":595.56,"endTime":599.97,"body":"our communities and the fabric"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":595.56,"endTime":599.97,"body":"of our economies as our private"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":600.0,"endTime":605.88,"body":"companies and governments, so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":600.0,"endTime":605.88,"body":"absolutely in how I think about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":605.88,"endTime":610.8,"body":"the economy, how I've, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":605.88,"endTime":610.8,"body":"navigated through my career,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":611.19,"endTime":614.46,"body":"it's tried to kind of bring"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":611.19,"endTime":614.46,"body":"together those three points of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":614.46,"endTime":618.87,"body":"the triangle. Yes, there's an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":614.46,"endTime":618.87,"body":"absolute crucial role for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":618.87,"endTime":622.44,"body":"government. Yes, is an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":618.87,"endTime":622.44,"body":"absolutely crucial role for the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":622.44,"endTime":626.91,"body":"private sector for the market"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":622.44,"endTime":626.91,"body":"for self interest. But the third"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":626.91,"endTime":631.44,"body":"point of the triangle, which is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":626.91,"endTime":631.44,"body":"the role of people, communities,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":631.8,"endTime":636.24,"body":"civil society, is every bit as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":631.8,"endTime":636.24,"body":"important and never more so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":636.27,"endTime":639.42,"body":"actually. Then over the past 12"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":636.27,"endTime":639.42,"body":"months, during the COVID crisis,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":639.45,"endTime":644.76,"body":"hundreds have really been the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":639.45,"endTime":644.76,"body":"combined effects of government's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":645.18,"endTime":649.38,"body":"doing more to ensure and protect"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":645.18,"endTime":649.38,"body":"households and companies,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":649.68,"endTime":653.94,"body":"companies themselves acting in a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":649.68,"endTime":653.94,"body":"more purposeful fashion to serve"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":653.94,"endTime":657.72,"body":"the workers, their customers,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":653.94,"endTime":657.72,"body":"their clients, their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":657.72,"endTime":661.92,"body":"communities. but crucially, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":657.72,"endTime":661.92,"body":"the role of civil society, just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":661.92,"endTime":665.91,"body":"think about those 1000s of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":661.92,"endTime":665.91,"body":"mutual aid groups that were set"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":665.91,"endTime":669.93,"body":"up during the COVID crisis, to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":665.91,"endTime":669.93,"body":"bring people together to support"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":669.93,"endTime":673.47,"body":"one another. Yeah, that was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":669.93,"endTime":673.47,"body":"absolutely fundamental to us"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.47,"endTime":678.0,"body":"getting through this in in one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.47,"endTime":678.0,"body":"piece, and, and saving lives,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":678.09,"endTime":679.32,"body":"even saving lives,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":679.439,"endTime":682.559,"body":"like being able to keep those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":679.439,"endTime":682.559,"body":"things like you know, getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":682.559,"endTime":685.649,"body":"your shopping delivered, which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":682.559,"endTime":685.649,"body":"again, without COVID seems like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":685.649,"endTime":688.829,"body":"a very simple thing. You know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":685.649,"endTime":688.829,"body":"it was those types of, like you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":688.829,"endTime":691.949,"body":"said, those types of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":688.829,"endTime":691.949,"body":"organisations that popped up,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":692.159,"endTime":695.099,"body":"this kind of leads me into a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":692.159,"endTime":695.099,"body":"question as well, because it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":695.099,"endTime":699.179,"body":"comes up when I talk about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":695.099,"endTime":699.179,"body":"volunteering a lot, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":699.179,"endTime":702.929,"body":"volunteering, slightly sideways"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":699.179,"endTime":702.929,"body":"of that, and things like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":702.929,"endTime":706.769,"body":"internships and those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":702.929,"endTime":706.769,"body":"experiences that you get from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":706.799,"endTime":710.399,"body":"from that type of activity. You"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":706.799,"endTime":710.399,"body":"know, there's criticism of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":710.399,"endTime":714.689,"body":"thought, because who can afford"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":710.399,"endTime":714.689,"body":"to volunteer, and who can afford"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":714.719,"endTime":718.079,"body":"to give up time and, and what I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":714.719,"endTime":718.079,"body":"love about the things you've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":718.079,"endTime":722.159,"body":"said is that, you know, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":718.079,"endTime":722.159,"body":"a huge amount of value in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":722.189,"endTime":725.579,"body":"learning and training in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":722.189,"endTime":725.579,"body":"exchange of skills and, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":725.579,"endTime":729.179,"body":"know, exchange of experiences,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":725.579,"endTime":729.179,"body":"there's a huge benefit to mental"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":729.179,"endTime":732.449,"body":"health. But there's there there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":729.179,"endTime":732.449,"body":"is that kind of fundamental"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":732.449,"endTime":736.259,"body":"thing of who can afford to do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":732.449,"endTime":736.259,"body":"that, to be able to volunteer."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":736.679,"endTime":741.059,"body":"And I think that comes into the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":736.679,"endTime":741.059,"body":"conversation about diversity in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":741.089,"endTime":745.469,"body":"any walk of life, it's making"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":741.089,"endTime":745.469,"body":"sure that everyone has equal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":745.619,"endTime":750.539,"body":"access to be able to do it. 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Because without it,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":763.139,"endTime":767.189,"body":"and you, you pointed this out in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":763.139,"endTime":767.189,"body":"your TEDx law school, talk with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":767.189,"endTime":771.869,"body":"your lovely picture of the the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":767.189,"endTime":771.869,"body":"panel looking slightly less than"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":771.869,"endTime":774.869,"body":"diverse, and people who look"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":771.869,"endTime":774.869,"body":"like you and I, there was a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":774.869,"endTime":778.349,"body":"woman in there, but again, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":774.869,"endTime":778.349,"body":"all, you know, white, certain,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":778.379,"endTime":780.269,"body":"you know, certain class"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":778.379,"endTime":780.269,"body":"structure, certain background"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":780.269,"endTime":784.019,"body":"structures. So like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":780.269,"endTime":784.019,"body":"volunteering? What are the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":784.019,"endTime":789.659,"body":"things that you think, like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":784.019,"endTime":789.659,"body":"institutions like yours, can do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":790.079,"endTime":793.319,"body":"to attract more diversity? To"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":790.079,"endTime":793.319,"body":"make it possible for everyone?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":793.529,"endTime":796.919,"body":"Yeah, well, this is crucial,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":793.529,"endTime":796.919,"body":"Jennifer, I mean, it's the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":796.949,"endTime":799.979,"body":"economics profession starts in a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":796.949,"endTime":799.979,"body":"poor place. And let's be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":799.979,"endTime":804.809,"body":"absolutely blunt about that."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":799.979,"endTime":804.809,"body":"every dimension of diversity"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":805.259,"endTime":807.539,"body":"imaginable, certainly true of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":805.259,"endTime":807.539,"body":"gender, certainly true of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":807.539,"endTime":810.509,"body":"ethnicity. certainly true of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":807.539,"endTime":810.509,"body":"socio economic background."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":811.439,"endTime":814.709,"body":"Economics sticks out like a sore"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":811.439,"endTime":814.709,"body":"thumb for all the wrong reasons."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":814.979,"endTime":821.849,"body":"It's doing better, but from a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":814.979,"endTime":821.849,"body":"spectacularly low and poor base."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":822.389,"endTime":825.749,"body":"And what is true of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":822.389,"endTime":825.749,"body":"economics profession is mirrored"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":825.809,"endTime":830.459,"body":"in institutions that are sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":825.809,"endTime":830.459,"body":"monetary and financial in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":830.519,"endTime":836.579,"body":"nature, so that the City of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":830.519,"endTime":836.579,"body":"London financial services, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.579,"endTime":839.279,"body":"indeed the Bank of England all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.579,"endTime":839.279,"body":"suffer from those problems to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.279,"endTime":841.349,"body":"some significant degree as well."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.279,"endTime":841.349,"body":"And of course, the two are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":841.349,"endTime":847.169,"body":"unrelated. Because if you're if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":841.349,"endTime":847.169,"body":"you're hiring people, as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":847.169,"endTime":849.329,"body":"economists from an economics"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":847.169,"endTime":849.329,"body":"profession that itself is not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":849.329,"endTime":851.639,"body":"very diverse. Guess what, you as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":849.329,"endTime":851.639,"body":"an organisation end up not being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":851.639,"endTime":854.699,"body":"as diverse as you as you'd like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":851.639,"endTime":854.699,"body":"to be. But we need a pipeline."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":854.909,"endTime":857.939,"body":"We obviously need. Yeah, we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":854.909,"endTime":857.939,"body":"got to start building the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":857.939,"endTime":862.859,"body":"pipeline. 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Of course,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":876.059,"endTime":878.699,"body":"there's an important"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":878.699,"endTime":883.799,"body":"intersectionality between gender"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":878.699,"endTime":883.799,"body":"diversity, ethnic diversity and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":883.799,"endTime":888.599,"body":"socio economic diversity. Yes."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":883.799,"endTime":888.599,"body":"So yeah, you know, you you want"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":888.599,"endTime":892.919,"body":"all three but actually, all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":888.599,"endTime":892.919,"body":"three often come packaged as one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":893.399,"endTime":898.049,"body":"set of problems. How are we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":893.399,"endTime":898.049,"body":"going to do that? I mean, this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":898.049,"endTime":901.559,"body":"needs to come from within"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":898.049,"endTime":901.559,"body":"organisations. They need to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":901.559,"endTime":907.859,"body":"absolutely see the case, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":901.559,"endTime":907.859,"body":"business case for wanting this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":907.859,"endTime":912.119,"body":"more diverse workforce than the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":907.859,"endTime":912.119,"body":"one they currently have. They've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":912.119,"endTime":919.229,"body":"got to value the benefits for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":912.119,"endTime":919.229,"body":"their recruitment for their, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":919.229,"endTime":925.259,"body":"house creativity, for the sense"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":919.229,"endTime":925.259,"body":"of good governance. Yeah, for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":925.259,"endTime":929.279,"body":"all those reasons are more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":925.259,"endTime":929.279,"body":"besides the need to understand"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":929.279,"endTime":932.969,"body":"the evidence and believe the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":929.279,"endTime":932.969,"body":"evidence and to act on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":932.969,"endTime":936.269,"body":"evidence that this will not just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":932.969,"endTime":936.269,"body":"be the right thing to do morally"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":936.389,"endTime":940.139,"body":"for them. Yeah. But also the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":936.389,"endTime":940.139,"body":"right thing to do commercially."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":940.379,"endTime":944.369,"body":"Yes, for them, that there are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":940.379,"endTime":944.369,"body":"untapped commercial"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":944.369,"endTime":950.549,"body":"opportunities that come from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":944.369,"endTime":950.549,"body":"tapping this deep well, of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":950.549,"endTime":957.239,"body":"talent. And longer term, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":950.549,"endTime":957.239,"body":"know, that will make them not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":957.239,"endTime":963.209,"body":"just a fairer, and a happier,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":957.239,"endTime":963.209,"body":"and a stronger organisation, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":963.209,"endTime":966.359,"body":"probably also a better"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":963.209,"endTime":966.359,"body":"performing more productive and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":966.359,"endTime":969.479,"body":"more profitable one as well."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":966.359,"endTime":969.479,"body":"Yeah, this, this really is a win"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":969.479,"endTime":975.299,"body":"win. And the evidence on this is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":969.479,"endTime":975.299,"body":"absolutely over whelming. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":975.419,"endTime":978.269,"body":"I'm someone who is evidence"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":975.419,"endTime":978.269,"body":"lead. That's where I do my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":978.269,"endTime":981.599,"body":"policy. That's where my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":978.269,"endTime":981.599,"body":"economics for far too many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":981.599,"endTime":986.459,"body":"years. And I do believe that the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":981.599,"endTime":986.459,"body":"if we can bring that evidence"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":986.459,"endTime":991.199,"body":"together, that will be a light"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":986.459,"endTime":991.199,"body":"bulb moment for many more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.199,"endTime":994.169,"body":"companies, including the Bank of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.199,"endTime":994.169,"body":"England, which I hope has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":994.169,"endTime":997.769,"body":"already gone through that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":994.169,"endTime":997.769,"body":"lightbulb moment. Yeah, this is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":998.609,"endTime":1003.829,"body":"the case is almost unanswerable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":998.609,"endTime":1003.829,"body":"that we're missing out ourselves"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1003.829,"endTime":1006.979,"body":"and shooting ourselves in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1003.829,"endTime":1006.979,"body":"foot by not doing much, much"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1006.979,"endTime":1010.669,"body":"more on the on this run at every"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1006.979,"endTime":1010.669,"body":"point of the ETL pipeline. At"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.669,"endTime":1013.669,"body":"every point in the pipeline, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.669,"endTime":1013.669,"body":"would start this in schools."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1013.699,"endTime":1017.599,"body":"Yeah, me the bank itself has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1013.699,"endTime":1017.599,"body":"developed schools programmes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.599,"endTime":1020.389,"body":"over the last three or four"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.599,"endTime":1020.389,"body":"years. In fact, I've been the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1020.389,"endTime":1023.839,"body":"person leading that effort. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1020.389,"endTime":1023.839,"body":"we now have curriculum materials"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.839,"endTime":1028.579,"body":"for 11 to 16 year olds, and most"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.839,"endTime":1028.579,"body":"recently for eight to 11 year"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1028.579,"endTime":1032.689,"body":"olds, talking about the role of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1028.579,"endTime":1032.689,"body":"the economy and the role of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1032.689,"endTime":1036.139,"body":"Bank of England within the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1032.689,"endTime":1036.139,"body":"economy. So start early, start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1036.139,"endTime":1041.719,"body":"really, really early, make this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1036.139,"endTime":1041.719,"body":"a habit, make the make everyone"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1041.719,"endTime":1045.829,"body":"think about economics, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1041.719,"endTime":1045.829,"body":"economy, the Bank of England, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1045.829,"endTime":1049.519,"body":"different terms that it is about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1045.829,"endTime":1049.519,"body":"them, and it can be for them."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1049.579,"endTime":1053.119,"body":"Yeah. And if you start that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1049.579,"endTime":1053.119,"body":"early, there's a greater chance"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1053.119,"endTime":1056.689,"body":"that when people move on to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1053.119,"endTime":1056.689,"body":"further education or higher"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1056.689,"endTime":1061.009,"body":"education, those they're much"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1056.689,"endTime":1061.009,"body":"more likely then to look at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1061.009,"endTime":1064.549,"body":"these companies a different sort"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1061.009,"endTime":1064.549,"body":"of way. At the same time, as I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1064.549,"endTime":1067.399,"body":"hope these companies are looking"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1064.549,"endTime":1067.399,"body":"at potential employers in a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1067.399,"endTime":1070.129,"body":"different sort of way. And I'm"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1067.399,"endTime":1070.129,"body":"optimistic about that, Jennifer,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1070.129,"endTime":1071.839,"body":"there's a long way to go. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1070.129,"endTime":1071.839,"body":"I'm optimistic about that."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1071.929,"endTime":1075.649,"body":"Yeah. And what I love about what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1071.929,"endTime":1075.649,"body":"you just said, is, to me,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1075.679,"endTime":1078.529,"body":"because I work in so the reason"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1075.679,"endTime":1078.529,"body":"I'm hosting this is because I'm"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1078.529,"endTime":1081.469,"body":"not an economist, and I don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1078.529,"endTime":1081.469,"body":"have any experience. So that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1081.469,"endTime":1084.649,"body":"hopefully, I can start to pull"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1081.469,"endTime":1084.649,"body":"out some things that teachers"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1084.649,"endTime":1088.339,"body":"and parents who, like me don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1084.649,"endTime":1088.339,"body":"have that background might want"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1088.339,"endTime":1092.599,"body":"to ask. And one of the parallels"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1088.339,"endTime":1092.599,"body":"I see here in digital skills,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1092.959,"endTime":1097.879,"body":"because to me, the skills of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1092.959,"endTime":1097.879,"body":"economics as a subject are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1097.879,"endTime":1101.089,"body":"applicable across everything. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1097.879,"endTime":1101.089,"body":"you mentioned in one of your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1101.089,"endTime":1103.609,"body":"recent interviews about, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1101.089,"endTime":1103.609,"body":"know, upskilling, the economy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1103.609,"endTime":1106.219,"body":"new as the economy changes,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1103.609,"endTime":1106.219,"body":"people have to skill themselves,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1106.519,"endTime":1109.849,"body":"employers have to rescale their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1106.519,"endTime":1109.849,"body":"employees, and all of that kind"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1109.849,"endTime":1114.199,"body":"of, you need to be aware of that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1109.849,"endTime":1114.199,"body":"if if we had a more fundamental"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.199,"endTime":1117.799,"body":"or foundational, rather,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.199,"endTime":1117.799,"body":"education and how economics and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1117.799,"endTime":1121.429,"body":"economies work, then if you're a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1117.799,"endTime":1121.429,"body":"plumber, or an electrician, if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.429,"endTime":1126.049,"body":"you're working manufacturing, as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.429,"endTime":1126.049,"body":"the economy changes, because you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1126.049,"endTime":1129.919,"body":"have an understanding of it to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1126.049,"endTime":1129.919,"body":"actually, you can see the needs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1129.919,"endTime":1134.209,"body":"for you to re skill much"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1129.919,"endTime":1134.209,"body":"earlier. And to me, it's like,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1134.239,"endTime":1137.359,"body":"you know, we talk about digital"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1134.239,"endTime":1137.359,"body":"skills, which is my area where I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1137.359,"endTime":1140.359,"body":"do a lot of adult training, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1137.359,"endTime":1140.359,"body":"I work with young people as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1140.359,"endTime":1144.289,"body":"well, and the area of digital"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1140.359,"endTime":1144.289,"body":"skills. That to me, it's like,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1144.289,"endTime":1146.779,"body":"well, we learned how to send"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1144.289,"endTime":1146.779,"body":"emails, we learned how to use"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1146.779,"endTime":1149.299,"body":"the telephone, we learned, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1146.779,"endTime":1149.299,"body":"know, it's just a, it's a it's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1149.299,"endTime":1152.419,"body":"skill set in your toolbox, like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1149.299,"endTime":1152.419,"body":"everything else. And you can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1152.419,"endTime":1157.579,"body":"apply it to many different"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1152.419,"endTime":1157.579,"body":"industries and jobs. And to me,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1157.609,"endTime":1161.419,"body":"economics does lend itself to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1157.609,"endTime":1161.419,"body":"that, too. I think the problem"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1161.419,"endTime":1165.109,"body":"is maybe and I could be wrong in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1161.419,"endTime":1165.109,"body":"this is perception. If I study"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1165.109,"endTime":1168.379,"body":"economics, it's because I want"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1165.109,"endTime":1168.379,"body":"to go into a certain field or be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1168.379,"endTime":1172.489,"body":"a certain person or have a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1168.379,"endTime":1172.489,"body":"certain job, where is actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1172.489,"endTime":1176.419,"body":"an understanding of economics."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1172.489,"endTime":1176.419,"body":"And if we we build that into a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1176.419,"endTime":1180.289,"body":"more foundational level, even if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1176.419,"endTime":1180.289,"body":"people don't end up becoming"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1180.289,"endTime":1185.329,"body":"economists, as a workforce as a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1180.289,"endTime":1185.329,"body":"you know, as a society, we we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1185.329,"endTime":1189.079,"body":"definitely benefit from that."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1185.329,"endTime":1189.079,"body":"What do you think? Yeah, cool."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1189.229,"endTime":1193.009,"body":"Yeah, completely agree. I mean,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1189.229,"endTime":1193.009,"body":"even the word economics Jennifer"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1193.009,"endTime":1195.469,"body":"interest is a complete"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1193.009,"endTime":1195.469,"body":"conversation killer."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1195.56,"endTime":1196.1,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1197.33,"endTime":1200.84,"body":"Almost no one is interested in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1197.33,"endTime":1200.84,"body":"economics. But almost every"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1201.5,"endTime":1207.05,"body":"economy, yes. Yeah. So actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1201.5,"endTime":1207.05,"body":"even if avoiding the word or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1207.05,"endTime":1209.96,"body":"making it sound like an academic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1207.05,"endTime":1209.96,"body":"discipline, yes can help,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1209.96,"endTime":1213.44,"body":"because actually, economics the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1209.96,"endTime":1213.44,"body":"economy is about stuff that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1213.44,"endTime":1217.31,"body":"people absolutely care about and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1213.44,"endTime":1217.31,"body":"recognise in surveys. If you ask"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1217.31,"endTime":1220.7,"body":"people, you would you wish to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1217.31,"endTime":1220.7,"body":"know more about how the economy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1220.7,"endTime":1224.9,"body":"works? Almost all of them say,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1220.7,"endTime":1224.9,"body":"say yes. to more than 90%. Say"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1224.9,"endTime":1229.16,"body":"yes. If you ask them, would you?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1224.9,"endTime":1229.16,"body":"Would they like more of this to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1229.16,"endTime":1231.44,"body":"have been taught in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1229.16,"endTime":1231.44,"body":"classroom at school? Almost all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1231.44,"endTime":1234.98,"body":"of them say, yes, the selfsame"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1231.44,"endTime":1234.98,"body":"people, when you ask them, Do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1234.98,"endTime":1239.15,"body":"you actually understand the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1234.98,"endTime":1239.15,"body":"economy? Almost all of them say"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1239.15,"endTime":1243.08,"body":"no. So there's a massive gap"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1239.15,"endTime":1243.08,"body":"between what people would wish"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1243.08,"endTime":1248.54,"body":"to know, and what they currently"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1243.08,"endTime":1248.54,"body":"do know a huge skills and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1248.54,"endTime":1252.29,"body":"indeed, appetite gap. Yeah. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1248.54,"endTime":1252.29,"body":"mean, the way to bring this to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1252.29,"endTime":1255.74,"body":"life, I think in the classroom"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1252.29,"endTime":1255.74,"body":"is to not make it about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1256.13,"endTime":1262.67,"body":"ideologies or concepts or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1256.13,"endTime":1262.67,"body":"mathematics, but rather about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1262.7,"endTime":1267.89,"body":"the everyday ways in which our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1262.7,"endTime":1267.89,"body":"decisions as individuals affect"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1267.89,"endTime":1271.37,"body":"the economy, and the everyday"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1267.89,"endTime":1271.37,"body":"ways in which the economy affect"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1271.37,"endTime":1275.21,"body":"us. So absolutely. This is about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1271.37,"endTime":1275.21,"body":"spending. It's about saving."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1275.45,"endTime":1279.68,"body":"It's about working. It's about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1275.45,"endTime":1279.68,"body":"learning. It's about skill"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1279.68,"endTime":1282.56,"body":"building. It's about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1279.68,"endTime":1282.56,"body":"volunteering, that all these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1282.56,"endTime":1287.24,"body":"things are the economy. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1282.56,"endTime":1287.24,"body":"And the economy is us. So part"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1287.24,"endTime":1290.63,"body":"of this is, you know, the way we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1287.24,"endTime":1290.63,"body":"choose to describe things. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1290.63,"endTime":1292.7,"body":"mean, the same is true for so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1290.63,"endTime":1292.7,"body":"many other things. I mean, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1292.76,"endTime":1297.14,"body":"one of the other side hustles."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1292.76,"endTime":1297.14,"body":"Jennifer is a vice chair, Vice"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1297.14,"endTime":1301.13,"body":"Chair of a charitable national"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1297.14,"endTime":1301.13,"body":"numeracy. And the UK also faces"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1301.13,"endTime":1304.43,"body":"a numeracy crisis. So we have a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1301.13,"endTime":1304.43,"body":"huge number of people who are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1304.46,"endTime":1308.06,"body":"functionally innumerate, who"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1304.46,"endTime":1308.06,"body":"have put off mathematics at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1308.06,"endTime":1313.01,"body":"school fees are seen as being,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1308.06,"endTime":1313.01,"body":"you know, conceptual, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1313.01,"endTime":1317.69,"body":"difficult, and a bit abstruse,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1313.01,"endTime":1317.69,"body":"basically, not relevant to their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1317.69,"endTime":1322.22,"body":"lives. But of course, everyday"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1317.69,"endTime":1322.22,"body":"maths is couldn't be more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1322.22,"endTime":1325.64,"body":"relevant to our everyday lives,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1322.22,"endTime":1325.64,"body":"because all of us are adding up,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1325.97,"endTime":1329.03,"body":"occasionally subtracting and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1325.97,"endTime":1329.03,"body":"very occasionally dividing and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1329.03,"endTime":1332.66,"body":"multiplying. It's just to live"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1329.03,"endTime":1332.66,"body":"our lives. It's a perception"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1332.66,"endTime":1336.44,"body":"problem. Until next time, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1332.66,"endTime":1336.44,"body":"your area, digital skills as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1337.28,"endTime":1339.53,"body":"some of that is also true of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1337.28,"endTime":1339.53,"body":"digital skills. By the way,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1340.4,"endTime":1343.34,"body":"among younger cohorts, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1340.4,"endTime":1343.34,"body":"they've been, they've been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1343.34,"endTime":1346.46,"body":"brought up on having a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1343.34,"endTime":1346.46,"body":"surgically attached to their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1346.46,"endTime":1350.84,"body":"phone, if kids like my children,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1346.46,"endTime":1350.84,"body":"for all the generations, not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1350.84,"endTime":1353.78,"body":"brought up on that same culture,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1350.84,"endTime":1353.78,"body":"it's much more of a wrench"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1353.78,"endTime":1356.87,"body":"learning those skills will be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1353.78,"endTime":1356.87,"body":"half as intrinsically"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1357.83,"endTime":1361.76,"body":"increasing all the time. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1357.83,"endTime":1361.76,"body":"that's a conversation I have all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1361.76,"endTime":1366.26,"body":"the time. Because, yes, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1361.76,"endTime":1366.26,"body":"perception. And confidence is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1366.26,"endTime":1368.54,"body":"the biggest thing. And I don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1366.26,"endTime":1368.54,"body":"know if you find this as well,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1368.54,"endTime":1373.52,"body":"certainly, I find a lot of women"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1368.54,"endTime":1373.52,"body":"will say, I'm crap at maths, or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1373.52,"endTime":1379.01,"body":"I'm rubbish with numbers, for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1373.52,"endTime":1379.01,"body":"example. And I correct them all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1379.01,"endTime":1381.62,"body":"the time. And I said, What are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1379.01,"endTime":1381.62,"body":"you? Because that's something we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1381.62,"endTime":1385.82,"body":"see, and we see all the time."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1381.62,"endTime":1385.82,"body":"But that, like you say, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1385.82,"endTime":1387.95,"body":"you're using math, like, what is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1385.82,"endTime":1387.95,"body":"your job? And they'll say,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1387.95,"endTime":1391.16,"body":"project manager on like, Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1387.95,"endTime":1391.16,"body":"well, okay, you use math all the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1391.16,"endTime":1393.59,"body":"time. What are you talking"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1391.16,"endTime":1393.59,"body":"about? And I think the same for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1393.59,"endTime":1396.77,"body":"digital skills I hear all the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1393.59,"endTime":1396.77,"body":"time, like, Oh, I'm a dinosaur."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1396.77,"endTime":1400.91,"body":"It's like, you're not no one is,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1396.77,"endTime":1400.91,"body":"it's just it's a confidence"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1400.91,"endTime":1404.51,"body":"thing often, and I absolutely"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1400.91,"endTime":1404.51,"body":"agree with you that the language"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1404.51,"endTime":1408.77,"body":"is important, because we've got"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1404.51,"endTime":1408.77,"body":"a lot of stigma or fear attached"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1408.77,"endTime":1412.25,"body":"to labelling yourself with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1408.77,"endTime":1412.25,"body":"certain numbers, certain words"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1412.25,"endTime":1416.27,"body":"to say, I'm good at maths sets"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1412.25,"endTime":1416.27,"body":"an expectation, but the other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1416.27,"endTime":1419.48,"body":"side of what you're, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1416.27,"endTime":1419.48,"body":"what you're claiming, if you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1419.48,"endTime":1421.34,"body":"like, it's really important"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1421.43,"endTime":1426.44,"body":"that that's right, whether it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1421.43,"endTime":1426.44,"body":"digital skills or number skills"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1426.44,"endTime":1430.58,"body":"or economic skills. Yeah, in my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1426.44,"endTime":1430.58,"body":"experience, and all the evidence"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1430.58,"endTime":1435.41,"body":"on this is this is 99%. A"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1430.58,"endTime":1435.41,"body":"confidence game. Yeah. But just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1435.41,"endTime":1438.44,"body":"saying that isn't enough. Of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1435.41,"endTime":1438.44,"body":"course, we need that in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1438.44,"endTime":1442.97,"body":"means to build the confidence"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1438.44,"endTime":1442.97,"body":"because we also know that with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1442.97,"endTime":1446.12,"body":"the right with the right tools,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1442.97,"endTime":1446.12,"body":"with the right techniques,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1446.18,"endTime":1450.23,"body":"people can improve dramatically,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1446.18,"endTime":1450.23,"body":"the digital skills that numeracy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1450.23,"endTime":1455.3,"body":"skills, the economic skills now"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1450.23,"endTime":1455.3,"body":"job, yours on the digital side,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1455.33,"endTime":1458.9,"body":"me on the economics and numeracy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1455.33,"endTime":1458.9,"body":"side, is to help provide some of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1458.9,"endTime":1463.91,"body":"those tools and techniques that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1458.9,"endTime":1463.91,"body":"unlock the secrets that you know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1463.91,"endTime":1468.32,"body":"that beat back the fears about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1463.91,"endTime":1468.32,"body":"these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1468.65,"endTime":1472.1,"body":"subjects. So it's quick wins"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1468.65,"endTime":1472.1,"body":"that make that give people a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1472.1,"endTime":1476.57,"body":"boost to know that they can do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1472.1,"endTime":1476.57,"body":"it, and then move on and keep on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1476.57,"endTime":1476.96,"body":"going."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1477.17,"endTime":1480.74,"body":"Yeah, just making it relevant."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1477.17,"endTime":1480.74,"body":"making it relevant to people's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1480.74,"endTime":1484.58,"body":"everyday lives explaining how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1480.74,"endTime":1484.58,"body":"this can help them make"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1484.7,"endTime":1487.16,"body":"decisions in their everyday"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1484.7,"endTime":1487.16,"body":"lives that are going to be on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1487.16,"endTime":1490.79,"body":"average a bit better. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1487.16,"endTime":1490.79,"body":"because this is not learning for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1490.79,"endTime":1493.76,"body":"learning sake. Nothing wrong for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1490.79,"endTime":1493.76,"body":"learning things, by the way, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1493.76,"endTime":1497.84,"body":"this is this is learning that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1493.76,"endTime":1497.84,"body":"will help people in their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1497.84,"endTime":1501.65,"body":"everyday lives in their everyday"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1497.84,"endTime":1501.65,"body":"jobs. There's a lot that can be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1501.65,"endTime":1507.11,"body":"done in schools, to reduce those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1501.65,"endTime":1507.11,"body":"fears or to build that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1507.11,"endTime":1510.77,"body":"confidence. But we need to do it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1507.11,"endTime":1510.77,"body":"as much among adults as among"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1510.77,"endTime":1514.16,"body":"children, because, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1510.77,"endTime":1514.16,"body":"most of those in the workplace"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1514.58,"endTime":1518.84,"body":"are adults. And we can't just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1514.58,"endTime":1518.84,"body":"say, oh, let's wait until the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1518.84,"endTime":1522.32,"body":"new cohort of young people come"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1518.84,"endTime":1522.32,"body":"through to solve those problems"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1522.32,"endTime":1525.23,"body":"or skills problems, which is the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1522.32,"endTime":1525.23,"body":"lifelong learning. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1525.83,"endTime":1526.79,"body":"imperative. Really?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1526.85,"endTime":1530.51,"body":"Yeah. And it's interesting,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1526.85,"endTime":1530.51,"body":"something you talked about in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1530.54,"endTime":1535.82,"body":"your TED talk was, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1530.54,"endTime":1535.82,"body":"about the economic recovery,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1536.15,"endTime":1538.91,"body":"being, you know, focused in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1536.15,"endTime":1538.91,"body":"southeast? And how do we make"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1538.91,"endTime":1541.67,"body":"sure that actually we flagged up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1538.91,"endTime":1541.67,"body":"that it's not happening"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1541.7,"endTime":1547.31,"body":"elsewhere. And, and I wanted to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1541.7,"endTime":1547.31,"body":"kind of expand on that to any"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1547.34,"endTime":1550.13,"body":"teachers, parents, or even"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1547.34,"endTime":1550.13,"body":"students listening about how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1550.13,"endTime":1554.27,"body":"important it would have been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1550.13,"endTime":1554.27,"body":"for, let's say, your team at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1554.27,"endTime":1559.07,"body":"that time, to have had like, two"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1554.27,"endTime":1559.07,"body":"or three people on it, who had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1559.07,"endTime":1562.16,"body":"families in the northeast, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1559.07,"endTime":1562.16,"body":"to work to charities or, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1562.16,"endTime":1565.82,"body":"know, so making sure that those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1562.16,"endTime":1565.82,"body":"connections are not just about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1566.09,"endTime":1568.7,"body":"the Bank of England, let's say"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1566.09,"endTime":1568.7,"body":"as an institution going out into"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1568.7,"endTime":1572.45,"body":"communities, which is very, very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1568.7,"endTime":1572.45,"body":"important. But making sure that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1572.45,"endTime":1575.15,"body":"the people who are on the team,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1572.45,"endTime":1575.15,"body":"see even if those teams are in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1575.15,"endTime":1579.59,"body":"London, have those connections"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1575.15,"endTime":1579.59,"body":"already, so that that type of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1579.59,"endTime":1580.82,"body":"thinking is built in."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1581.719,"endTime":1584.689,"body":"Yeah, I mean, I was lucky in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1581.719,"endTime":1584.689,"body":"this respect, because I mean, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1584.689,"endTime":1587.209,"body":"was from a, as you mentioned,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1584.689,"endTime":1587.209,"body":"earlier, engineer, but I was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1587.209,"endTime":1590.659,"body":"from a rather different"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1587.209,"endTime":1590.659,"body":"background, than sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1590.659,"endTime":1594.319,"body":"standard fare, banking and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1590.659,"endTime":1594.319,"body":"official, there isn't a well"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1594.319,"endTime":1597.319,"body":"trodden path from Councillor"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1594.319,"endTime":1597.319,"body":"states in Sunderland, to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1597.319,"endTime":1604.849,"body":"Bank of England. Shocking,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1597.319,"endTime":1604.849,"body":"without changing, still very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1604.849,"endTime":1610.639,"body":"many others. But it's changing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1604.849,"endTime":1610.639,"body":"the did mean that that did give"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1610.639,"endTime":1614.839,"body":"me one advantage, at least one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1610.639,"endTime":1614.839,"body":"advantage, which is, you know, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1614.839,"endTime":1618.139,"body":"sense that to understand the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1614.839,"endTime":1618.139,"body":"whole of the economy, you needed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1618.139,"endTime":1622.519,"body":"to know who to ask him where to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1618.139,"endTime":1622.519,"body":"look. And indeed, to look in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1622.519,"endTime":1626.239,"body":"places and to listen to voices"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1622.519,"endTime":1626.239,"body":"that weren't necessarily your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1626.239,"endTime":1630.319,"body":"usual suspects. Yeah, that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1626.239,"endTime":1630.319,"body":"those captions, those views,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1630.319,"endTime":1633.739,"body":"those fears, those concerns,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1630.319,"endTime":1633.739,"body":"which are sort of hiding in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1633.739,"endTime":1638.719,"body":"plain sight among everyday"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1633.739,"endTime":1638.719,"body":"people in the everyday economy."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1638.719,"endTime":1643.009,"body":"So that's why I made quite a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1638.719,"endTime":1643.009,"body":"thing. Several years back now of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1643.009,"endTime":1647.209,"body":"supplementing my, you know, my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1643.009,"endTime":1647.209,"body":"mother nerdy spreadsheets"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1647.209,"endTime":1650.539,"body":"through models, stroke database"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1647.209,"endTime":1650.539,"body":"approach to understanding the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1650.539,"endTime":1655.219,"body":"economy, with basically"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1650.539,"endTime":1655.219,"body":"wandering around, wandering"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1655.219,"endTime":1659.899,"body":"around the UK, talking to people"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1655.219,"endTime":1659.899,"body":"about stuff, yeah, I wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1659.899,"endTime":1662.389,"body":"even say about the economy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1659.899,"endTime":1662.389,"body":"necessarily just about stuff."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1662.539,"endTime":1665.569,"body":"Yeah. 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And it's certainly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1728.899,"endTime":1731.029,"body":"countercultural in public"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1731.059,"endTime":1733.999,"body":"policy, certainly among"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1731.059,"endTime":1733.999,"body":"economists, to turn up and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1733.999,"endTime":1736.759,"body":"listen, you know, what we were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1733.999,"endTime":1736.759,"body":"sort of pre programmed to do is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1736.759,"endTime":1740.689,"body":"to talk talk at people. But of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1736.759,"endTime":1740.689,"body":"course, that's the opposite of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1740.689,"endTime":1744.499,"body":"what you want in this situation,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1740.689,"endTime":1744.499,"body":"to go along. 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But it does"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1773.81,"endTime":1777.77,"body":"mean that hopefully, better"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1777.77,"endTime":1781.25,"body":"policies then happen and then as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1777.77,"endTime":1781.25,"body":"with policies roll out, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1781.25,"endTime":1785.18,"body":"economy improves. So it's like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1781.25,"endTime":1785.18,"body":"you said about diversity being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1785.21,"endTime":1789.23,"body":"core to actual business success."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1785.21,"endTime":1789.23,"body":"I think that this is also core"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1789.23,"endTime":1793.82,"body":"to, you know, the success in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1789.23,"endTime":1793.82,"body":"public policy indefinitely."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1793.82,"endTime":1797.45,"body":"That's what I've picked up from,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1793.82,"endTime":1797.45,"body":"from a lot of the interviews and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1797.45,"endTime":1801.62,"body":"kind of recent articles and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1797.45,"endTime":1801.62,"body":"things I've read You know, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1801.62,"endTime":1804.29,"body":"preparation for chatting with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1801.62,"endTime":1804.29,"body":"you, because there's so many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1804.29,"endTime":1807.65,"body":"things that we could talk about."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1804.29,"endTime":1807.65,"body":"I mean, one of the things you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1807.65,"endTime":1811.82,"body":"said earlier about making"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1807.65,"endTime":1811.82,"body":"economics feel personal, and how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1811.82,"endTime":1816.47,"body":"important that is, to get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1811.82,"endTime":1816.47,"body":"students, you know, involved. 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And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1857.21,"endTime":1860.54,"body":"certainly, in looking at Nordic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1860.57,"endTime":1863.51,"body":"countries and that side of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1860.57,"endTime":1863.51,"body":"things, something you've talked"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1863.51,"endTime":1868.04,"body":"about is the mental health"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1863.51,"endTime":1868.04,"body":"impact of job security of having"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1868.04,"endTime":1871.34,"body":"a job and making sure that that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1868.04,"endTime":1871.34,"body":"the economy has those jobs in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1871.34,"endTime":1876.02,"body":"place. And I feel like while"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1871.34,"endTime":1876.02,"body":"that, you know, the universal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1876.02,"endTime":1882.35,"body":"basic income, job security, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1876.02,"endTime":1882.35,"body":"strand of the economy, if you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1882.35,"endTime":1886.58,"body":"like, is very, very personal,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1882.35,"endTime":1886.58,"body":"but can still feel conceptual to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1886.58,"endTime":1889.88,"body":"a student. So even if they've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1886.58,"endTime":1889.88,"body":"had the experience of their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1889.88,"endTime":1893.12,"body":"parents and grandparents having"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1889.88,"endTime":1893.12,"body":"gone through a recession, they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1893.12,"endTime":1896.54,"body":"still might find it as too"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1893.12,"endTime":1896.54,"body":"conceptual to think about how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1896.54,"endTime":1899.18,"body":"that impacts them how those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1896.54,"endTime":1899.18,"body":"conversations could impact them."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1899.39,"endTime":1902.9,"body":"So how do we help teachers? And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1899.39,"endTime":1902.9,"body":"you've probably done a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1902.9,"endTime":1906.47,"body":"this work already, which is why"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1902.9,"endTime":1906.47,"body":"one guy asked about it, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1906.47,"endTime":1912.11,"body":"know, providing resources for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1906.47,"endTime":1912.11,"body":"schools? How can teachers take"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1912.11,"endTime":1915.71,"body":"those things and make them more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1912.11,"endTime":1915.71,"body":"personal kind of break them"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1915.71,"endTime":1918.41,"body":"down? Or where can they go to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1915.71,"endTime":1918.41,"body":"find out how to do that?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1918.59,"endTime":1921.14,"body":"Yeah, that's a good question,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1918.59,"endTime":1921.14,"body":"Jennifer, I think we're all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1921.14,"endTime":1926.0,"body":"wrestling with that, to some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1921.14,"endTime":1926.0,"body":"extent, we have a new crop of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1926.81,"endTime":1929.54,"body":"graduate entrance to the Bank of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1926.81,"endTime":1929.54,"body":"England. And I speak to them."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1929.81,"endTime":1934.55,"body":"And what I've said to the last"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1929.81,"endTime":1934.55,"body":"several crops, actually, is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1934.67,"endTime":1938.6,"body":"there's very little I can sit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1934.67,"endTime":1938.6,"body":"here today and say, hand on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1938.6,"endTime":1940.67,"body":"heart with a high degree of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1938.6,"endTime":1940.67,"body":"confidence is going to come to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1940.67,"endTime":1943.97,"body":"pass, you know, I can't promise"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1940.67,"endTime":1943.97,"body":"you a lifelong career at the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1943.97,"endTime":1947.36,"body":"Bank of England anymore. But the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1943.97,"endTime":1947.36,"body":"one thing I can say with a very,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1947.36,"endTime":1951.5,"body":"very high degree of certainty,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1947.36,"endTime":1951.5,"body":"is that there's rarely have ever"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1951.5,"endTime":1955.76,"body":"been a better time to have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1951.5,"endTime":1955.76,"body":"landed in public policy and to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1955.76,"endTime":1960.71,"body":"be thinking about the economy,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1955.76,"endTime":1960.71,"body":"such as the rich endowment of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1960.71,"endTime":1965.81,"body":"issues that we have facing us,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1960.71,"endTime":1965.81,"body":"just at the moment, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1965.81,"endTime":1969.35,"body":"crucially, which they, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1965.81,"endTime":1969.35,"body":"indeed, any young person"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1969.35,"endTime":1971.9,"body":"thinking about these issues"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1969.35,"endTime":1971.9,"body":"right now have the opportunity"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1971.9,"endTime":1974.75,"body":"to shape. That's the key thing,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1971.9,"endTime":1974.75,"body":"right? It's not just the issues"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1974.75,"endTime":1979.01,"body":"are big, it's that what happens"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1974.75,"endTime":1979.01,"body":"to those issues is terms to some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1979.01,"endTime":1982.25,"body":"significant degree, dependent,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1979.01,"endTime":1982.25,"body":"not my actions, not kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1982.25,"endTime":1986.87,"body":"wisdom legs, like me, but on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1982.25,"endTime":1986.87,"body":"action of younger people and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1986.87,"endTime":1991.67,"body":"words, today, tomorrow, and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1986.87,"endTime":1991.67,"body":"day after tomorrow's crop of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1991.67,"endTime":1995.06,"body":"economists and policymakers,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1991.67,"endTime":1995.06,"body":"nothing about the economy,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1995.06,"endTime":1998.63,"body":"nothing about society is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1995.06,"endTime":1998.63,"body":"preordained, nothing is fixed in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1998.63,"endTime":2003.37,"body":"stone, it is ours to shape. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1998.63,"endTime":2003.37,"body":"So while we are facing these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2003.37,"endTime":2006.55,"body":"multiple huge challenges, this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2003.37,"endTime":2006.55,"body":"is a written down. And by the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2006.55,"endTime":2009.49,"body":"way, which could include some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2006.55,"endTime":2009.49,"body":"issues you mentioned, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2009.49,"endTime":2014.92,"body":"insecurity of work, and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2009.49,"endTime":2014.92,"body":"consequences that has for us as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2014.92,"endTime":2018.43,"body":"individuals and indeed for our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2014.92,"endTime":2018.43,"body":"communities and societies a huge"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2018.46,"endTime":2022.24,"body":"issue, and one that will stretch"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2018.46,"endTime":2022.24,"body":"out as far as the eye can see as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2022.24,"endTime":2025.09,"body":"a result of automate automation,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2022.24,"endTime":2025.09,"body":"and AI and all that. 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And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2037.81,"endTime":2042.28,"body":"she'll UBI question, but also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2037.81,"endTime":2042.28,"body":"gives us a sense of satisfaction"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2042.31,"endTime":2046.6,"body":"and purpose and security, not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2042.31,"endTime":2046.6,"body":"least for reasons of mental"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2046.6,"endTime":2050.11,"body":"health. That's a matter issue."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2046.6,"endTime":2050.11,"body":"And you know, and and you can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2050.32,"endTime":2053.86,"body":"many, many people can and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2050.32,"endTime":2053.86,"body":"probably will spend many, many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2053.86,"endTime":2057.43,"body":"years wrestling with that first"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2053.86,"endTime":2057.43,"body":"order policy, nothing could be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2057.43,"endTime":2060.49,"body":"more relevant to our society's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2057.43,"endTime":2060.49,"body":"communities and to us as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2060.49,"endTime":2065.71,"body":"individuals and things like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2060.49,"endTime":2065.71,"body":"that, that the same, what could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2065.71,"endTime":2069.04,"body":"be said of automation and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2065.71,"endTime":2069.04,"body":"world of work could equally be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2069.04,"endTime":2074.59,"body":"said of a natural environment."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2069.04,"endTime":2074.59,"body":"And the climate crisis, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2074.59,"endTime":2079.48,"body":"know, again, one of the meta"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2074.59,"endTime":2079.48,"body":"issues of our time, something"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2079.51,"endTime":2084.22,"body":"that is within our gift, to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2079.51,"endTime":2084.22,"body":"shape or reshape to change"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2084.22,"endTime":2088.75,"body":"course, upon something that will"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2084.22,"endTime":2088.75,"body":"require the very best of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2088.75,"endTime":2093.79,"body":"analysis and the very best of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2088.75,"endTime":2093.79,"body":"public policy if we are to land"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2093.82,"endTime":2098.86,"body":"on a better place than we have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2093.82,"endTime":2098.86,"body":"been in the past inequalities"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2099.07,"endTime":2102.07,"body":"and the qualities across every"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2099.07,"endTime":2102.07,"body":"dimension inequality is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2102.25,"endTime":2104.59,"body":"socioeconomic equal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2102.25,"endTime":2104.59,"body":"economically, we've discussed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2104.59,"endTime":2108.67,"body":"those inequalities of income, or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2104.59,"endTime":2108.67,"body":"wealth, or opportunity or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2108.67,"endTime":2112.81,"body":"spatial inequalities, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2108.67,"endTime":2112.81,"body":"different in different parts of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2113.44,"endTime":2120.04,"body":"the country. You know, those two"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2113.44,"endTime":2120.04,"body":"are one of the meta issues of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2120.25,"endTime":2124.87,"body":"the day. But we also know, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2120.25,"endTime":2124.87,"body":"another major issue that we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2124.87,"endTime":2128.86,"body":"ourselves can do something"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2124.87,"endTime":2128.86,"body":"about. Yeah, if we craft policy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2128.86,"endTime":2133.36,"body":"appropriately. So, you know, my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2128.86,"endTime":2133.36,"body":"message to, you know, to younger"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2133.36,"endTime":2135.82,"body":"people thinking about the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2133.36,"endTime":2135.82,"body":"economy, thinking about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2135.85,"endTime":2140.56,"body":"economics is one, you can't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2135.85,"endTime":2140.56,"body":"begin to believe how lucky you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2140.56,"endTime":2144.46,"body":"are to have to be thinking about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2140.56,"endTime":2144.46,"body":"those issues at this point in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2144.52,"endTime":2149.2,"body":"history, and indeed, having the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2144.52,"endTime":2149.2,"body":"capacity to do something about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2149.2,"endTime":2153.13,"body":"them. And that's important for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2149.2,"endTime":2153.13,"body":"you as an individual, but as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2153.13,"endTime":2158.05,"body":"importantly, it's it's, it's,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2153.13,"endTime":2158.05,"body":"it's crucial for how we reshape"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2158.05,"endTime":2161.71,"body":"our economies and societies over"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2158.05,"endTime":2161.71,"body":"the next 50 perhaps 100 years."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2161.92,"endTime":2166.69,"body":"Yeah, amazing. And, yeah, 100%,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2161.92,"endTime":2166.69,"body":"I would High Five up, we're in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2166.69,"endTime":2169.33,"body":"the same room. I know, it would"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2166.69,"endTime":2169.33,"body":"be inappropriate to the tone of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2169.33,"endTime":2176.11,"body":"the conversation, but I was I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2169.33,"endTime":2176.11,"body":"wanted to ask you about pro bono"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2176.11,"endTime":2181.12,"body":"economics? And and also, kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2176.11,"endTime":2181.12,"body":"as part of that, you know, I'll"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2181.12,"endTime":2183.49,"body":"let you tell us a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2181.12,"endTime":2183.49,"body":"more about it first, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2183.91,"endTime":2189.13,"body":"something more about what could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2183.91,"endTime":2189.13,"body":"someone expect day to day in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2189.13,"endTime":2192.49,"body":"terms of, because what I love"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2189.13,"endTime":2192.49,"body":"about pro bono economics is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2192.49,"endTime":2195.19,"body":"you're obviously making time"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2192.49,"endTime":2195.19,"body":"available to support the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2195.19,"endTime":2198.19,"body":"charities and nonprofits and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2195.19,"endTime":2198.19,"body":"places that won't necessarily"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2198.19,"endTime":2201.4,"body":"always have access to an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2198.19,"endTime":2201.4,"body":"economist, but where that access"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2201.4,"endTime":2205.36,"body":"would be very, very helpful and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2201.4,"endTime":2205.36,"body":"beneficial for the organisation."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2206.08,"endTime":2208.81,"body":"And that kind of led me to think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2206.08,"endTime":2208.81,"body":"about well, what is it that an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2208.81,"endTime":2213.28,"body":"economist brings, you know, day"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2208.81,"endTime":2213.28,"body":"to day in terms of, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2213.31,"endTime":2217.69,"body":"job delivery of in that role?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2213.31,"endTime":2217.69,"body":"What, what is that, like? So if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2217.69,"endTime":2219.82,"body":"you could tell us a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2217.69,"endTime":2219.82,"body":"about pro bono economics? And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2219.82,"endTime":2223.03,"body":"then if we can maybe lead into"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2219.82,"endTime":2223.03,"body":"that kind of day to day? What"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2223.03,"endTime":2224.26,"body":"does that mean? For sure?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2224.26,"endTime":2226.72,"body":"Well, thanks for mentioning"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2224.26,"endTime":2226.72,"body":"Jennifer. So it's a charity that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2226.72,"endTime":2231.43,"body":"I set up 12 years ago. Now, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2226.72,"endTime":2231.43,"body":"idea was, was very simple,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2231.43,"endTime":2236.02,"body":"actually, which was that, could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2231.43,"endTime":2236.02,"body":"we employ usefully use the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2236.02,"endTime":2240.22,"body":"skills of professional"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2236.02,"endTime":2240.22,"body":"economists to help charities and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2240.22,"endTime":2242.77,"body":"all sorts of ways but in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2240.22,"endTime":2242.77,"body":"particular, when better"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2242.77,"endTime":2246.64,"body":"understanding the societal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2242.77,"endTime":2246.64,"body":"impact that they were having?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2246.67,"endTime":2249.97,"body":"Yeah, my, my strong sense was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2246.67,"endTime":2249.97,"body":"that those were the sets of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2249.97,"endTime":2253.9,"body":"skills that economists have,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2249.97,"endTime":2253.9,"body":"there was no real culture or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2253.9,"endTime":2257.74,"body":"tradition in the profession of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2253.9,"endTime":2257.74,"body":"providing pro bono support to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2257.74,"endTime":2262.63,"body":"charities charges themselves, as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2257.74,"endTime":2262.63,"body":"you know, in the vast majority"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2262.63,"endTime":2265.3,"body":"of cases, wouldn't have the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2262.63,"endTime":2265.3,"body":"money to be able to afford an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2265.3,"endTime":2268.75,"body":"economist, and many would not be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2265.3,"endTime":2268.75,"body":"able to size wanted to hire an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2268.75,"endTime":2271.9,"body":"economist to ask for one. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2268.75,"endTime":2271.9,"body":"think that's a big part of it,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2271.9,"endTime":2275.47,"body":"too. That's a crucial point, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2271.9,"endTime":2275.47,"body":"know, to think they actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2275.47,"endTime":2279.46,"body":"needed one the first place. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2275.47,"endTime":2279.46,"body":"the, the idea was simple that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2279.49,"endTime":2283.69,"body":"there, could we take this pretty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2279.49,"endTime":2283.69,"body":"big pool of economists and match"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2283.69,"endTime":2287.08,"body":"them into charities? Now, in my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2283.69,"endTime":2287.08,"body":"naivety, I thought that match of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2287.08,"endTime":2290.08,"body":"easy to make, it's not easy to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2287.08,"endTime":2290.08,"body":"make, as it turns out, not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2290.08,"endTime":2292.6,"body":"really not least for the reason"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2290.08,"endTime":2292.6,"body":"you mentioned, Jennifer, which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2292.6,"endTime":2296.02,"body":"was, in some cases, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2292.6,"endTime":2296.02,"body":"charities needed convincing is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2296.02,"endTime":2300.04,"body":"an economist and the economist,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2296.02,"endTime":2300.04,"body":"convincing, that should be doing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2300.04,"endTime":2302.59,"body":"stuff for a charity. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2300.04,"endTime":2302.59,"body":"nonetheless, with lots of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2302.59,"endTime":2307.06,"body":"goodwill, and quite a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2302.59,"endTime":2307.06,"body":"hard work. We've been able to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2307.06,"endTime":2310.12,"body":"make a large number of matches"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2307.06,"endTime":2310.12,"body":"hundreds and hundreds of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2310.12,"endTime":2314.59,"body":"matches. Teams of volunteer"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2310.12,"endTime":2314.59,"body":"economists into charities to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2314.59,"endTime":2319.78,"body":"evaluate their impact. Sounds"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2314.59,"endTime":2319.78,"body":"dead easy, of course. I mean, it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2319.78,"endTime":2324.34,"body":"really isn't, if you do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2319.78,"endTime":2324.34,"body":"properly. So you know, let's say"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2324.34,"endTime":2328.03,"body":"your homelessness charity,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2324.34,"endTime":2328.03,"body":"right? How do you keep score on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2328.03,"endTime":2330.94,"body":"the impact you're having? Well,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2328.03,"endTime":2330.94,"body":"the charity have left to its own"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2330.94,"endTime":2333.43,"body":"devices might say, well, we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2330.94,"endTime":2333.43,"body":"going to count the number of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2333.43,"endTime":2337.48,"body":"people we get off the streets,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2333.43,"endTime":2337.48,"body":"and give a bed to overnight. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2337.48,"endTime":2341.89,"body":"of course, that is not a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2337.48,"endTime":2341.89,"body":"terrible measure of what they do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2341.89,"endTime":2345.37,"body":"for a living. But of course, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2341.89,"endTime":2345.37,"body":"think about it for a second"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2345.55,"endTime":2349.0,"body":"massively massively understates"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2345.55,"endTime":2349.0,"body":"the true social impact they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2349.0,"endTime":2353.77,"body":"having, because we no doubt"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2349.0,"endTime":2353.77,"body":"whether you're someone that's in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2353.77,"endTime":2357.19,"body":"a bed, intubated, got a roof"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2353.77,"endTime":2357.19,"body":"over their head is then much"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2357.19,"endTime":2362.59,"body":"less likely to get to get ill"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2357.19,"endTime":2362.59,"body":"and end up in hospital, they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2362.62,"endTime":2365.68,"body":"much less likely to get into"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2362.62,"endTime":2365.68,"body":"trouble the police, they're much"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2365.68,"endTime":2371.5,"body":"more likely to get a job,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2365.68,"endTime":2371.5,"body":"they're gonna be much less"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2371.5,"endTime":2376.54,"body":"likely to suffer mental health"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2371.5,"endTime":2376.54,"body":"problems of various types. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2376.54,"endTime":2380.32,"body":"what's more of those benefits,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2376.54,"endTime":2380.32,"body":"those cumulative benefits could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2380.32,"endTime":2383.68,"body":"in principle accrue right over"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2380.32,"endTime":2383.68,"body":"that person's lifetime, not just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2384.1,"endTime":2386.47,"body":"one day or one week or one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2384.1,"endTime":2386.47,"body":"month, but throughout their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2386.47,"endTime":2392.47,"body":"lifetime. And totting up those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2386.47,"endTime":2392.47,"body":"benefits. You know, putting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2392.47,"endTime":2395.47,"body":"numbers to them, is not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2392.47,"endTime":2395.47,"body":"straightforward, but it's a sort"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2395.47,"endTime":2398.59,"body":"of analysis. That's a stock in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2395.47,"endTime":2398.59,"body":"trade of economists. And the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2398.59,"endTime":2401.65,"body":"idea was, let's get Some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2398.59,"endTime":2401.65,"body":"economists do this for free for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2401.65,"endTime":2405.1,"body":"charities so that they could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2401.65,"endTime":2405.1,"body":"fully understand the massive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2405.1,"endTime":2408.13,"body":"impact social impact that they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2405.1,"endTime":2408.13,"body":"were having, or good put some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2408.13,"endTime":2411.55,"body":"numbers, to the stories, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2408.13,"endTime":2411.55,"body":"fantastic stories, these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2411.55,"endTime":2414.97,"body":"charities were telling. And that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2411.55,"endTime":2414.97,"body":"was the idea. 12 years ago, it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2414.97,"endTime":2417.25,"body":"was a twinkle in the eye, I had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2414.97,"endTime":2417.25,"body":"no idea what it would work."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2417.25,"endTime":2420.76,"body":"Truth be told Jennifer, but the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2417.25,"endTime":2420.76,"body":"good news 12 years old is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2420.76,"endTime":2425.8,"body":"it really has. And it's what's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2420.76,"endTime":2425.8,"body":"supposed to be one of the most"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2425.8,"endTime":2429.46,"body":"heartening things is that not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2425.8,"endTime":2429.46,"body":"only is this worked up for the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2429.46,"endTime":2432.94,"body":"charities, it's worked hugely"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2429.46,"endTime":2432.94,"body":"for the economist as well."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2433.81,"endTime":2437.5,"body":"That's interesting, because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2433.81,"endTime":2437.5,"body":"nothing is more uplifting and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2437.5,"endTime":2440.77,"body":"liberating, if you're a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2437.5,"endTime":2440.77,"body":"professional anything, then not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2440.77,"endTime":2444.61,"body":"only applying your skills, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2440.77,"endTime":2444.61,"body":"seeing it have a real impact,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2444.64,"endTime":2447.73,"body":"right. So the best one in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2444.64,"endTime":2447.73,"body":"world, if you're if you're me,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2447.73,"endTime":2450.46,"body":"right, and you work for the Bank"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2447.73,"endTime":2450.46,"body":"of England, your day job, you're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2450.46,"endTime":2453.58,"body":"still a relatively small cog in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2450.46,"endTime":2453.58,"body":"a pretty big machine. Right."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2453.64,"endTime":2456.85,"body":"And, you know, occasionally I'll"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2453.64,"endTime":2456.85,"body":"see the direct impact of my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2456.85,"endTime":2459.46,"body":"actions. But a lot of the time I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2456.85,"endTime":2459.46,"body":"work because I'm just one cog."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2459.67,"endTime":2462.52,"body":"If you're an economist working"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2459.67,"endTime":2462.52,"body":"with a charity on a project,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2462.55,"endTime":2466.66,"body":"let's say, measuring the impact"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2462.55,"endTime":2466.66,"body":"of, of reducing homelessness,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2466.99,"endTime":2471.88,"body":"you know, you are the cog, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2466.99,"endTime":2471.88,"body":"are the machine, that's an issue"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2471.88,"endTime":2475.51,"body":"that won't have been previously"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2471.88,"endTime":2475.51,"body":"touched by human hands. And the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2475.51,"endTime":2477.97,"body":"chance of you having an impact"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2475.51,"endTime":2477.97,"body":"on what the charity does is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2477.97,"endTime":2478.84,"body":"enormous."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2480.159,"endTime":2483.879,"body":"Among the reason why the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2480.159,"endTime":2483.879,"body":"economists, the hundreds and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2483.879,"endTime":2486.639,"body":"hundreds of economists that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2483.879,"endTime":2486.639,"body":"we've used, have absolutely"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2486.639,"endTime":2490.689,"body":"loved this, as a part of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2486.639,"endTime":2490.689,"body":"professional development is the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2490.689,"endTime":2493.569,"body":"same benefits as volunteering we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2490.689,"endTime":2493.569,"body":"mentioned earlier on, it makes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2493.569,"endTime":2500.199,"body":"them feel good doing it, it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2493.569,"endTime":2500.199,"body":"absolutely builds their skills."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2500.199,"endTime":2503.889,"body":"And of course, it has tremendous"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2500.199,"endTime":2503.889,"body":"payoffs to the recipient of that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2503.889,"endTime":2508.329,"body":"support in the form of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2503.889,"endTime":2508.329,"body":"charities. So there's a, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2508.329,"endTime":2511.659,"body":"a lesson there. I mean, this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2508.329,"endTime":2511.659,"body":"extends well beyond economics,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2511.659,"endTime":2516.639,"body":"actually, about the virtues and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2511.659,"endTime":2516.639,"body":"values of skills, volunteering,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2517.149,"endTime":2522.939,"body":"and helping that can be digital"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2517.149,"endTime":2522.939,"body":"skills. As you know, Jennifer, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2522.939,"endTime":2526.269,"body":"big tech for good movement,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2522.939,"endTime":2526.269,"body":"let's try to do that respective"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2526.269,"endTime":2530.049,"body":"tech skills, but actually almost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2526.269,"endTime":2530.049,"body":"every aspect of professional"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2530.289,"endTime":2535.389,"body":"endeavour, yeah, would would"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2530.289,"endTime":2535.389,"body":"stand to gain by having some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2535.389,"endTime":2538.329,"body":"programme that volunteers to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2535.389,"endTime":2538.329,"body":"support charities."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2538.39,"endTime":2541.93,"body":"Yeah. And also it does that job,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2538.39,"endTime":2541.93,"body":"there's, again, it comes back to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2541.93,"endTime":2544.84,"body":"how everything is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2541.93,"endTime":2544.84,"body":"interconnected. It, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2544.99,"endTime":2547.6,"body":"like I said, if someone, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2544.99,"endTime":2547.6,"body":"Bank of England goes and works"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2547.6,"endTime":2551.2,"body":"for the charities, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2547.6,"endTime":2551.2,"body":"homelessness, that not only is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2551.2,"endTime":2553.96,"body":"that delivering for the charity,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2551.2,"endTime":2553.96,"body":"and the staff at that charity,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2553.96,"endTime":2556.66,"body":"and the morale that that brings"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2553.96,"endTime":2556.66,"body":"them as well to know the impact"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2556.66,"endTime":2559.57,"body":"of their work, then has an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2556.66,"endTime":2559.57,"body":"impact on productivity for them."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2560.08,"endTime":2563.86,"body":"But also, it goes back to what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2560.08,"endTime":2563.86,"body":"we were talking about earlier of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2563.86,"endTime":2567.16,"body":"you going out and getting that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2563.86,"endTime":2567.16,"body":"information to take back to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2567.16,"endTime":2570.55,"body":"Bank of England to inform"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2567.16,"endTime":2570.55,"body":"policy. If your economists are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2570.55,"endTime":2574.48,"body":"also volunteering and getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2570.55,"endTime":2574.48,"body":"into charities, that exchange of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2574.48,"endTime":2577.81,"body":"information is happening, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2574.48,"endTime":2577.81,"body":"know, anyway, as part of that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2577.81,"endTime":2581.29,"body":"programme, so there's, yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2577.81,"endTime":2581.29,"body":"it's it's Win Win, win, win win,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2581.95,"endTime":2584.17,"body":"all the way around, when we talk"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2581.95,"endTime":2584.17,"body":"about it."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2584.59,"endTime":2586.6,"body":"Nothing. That's right. That's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2584.59,"endTime":2586.6,"body":"definitely that's definitely"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2586.6,"endTime":2591.55,"body":"right. You know, and, as well as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2586.6,"endTime":2591.55,"body":"the wins for the individuals of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2591.58,"endTime":2594.55,"body":"the charities, there is, of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2591.58,"endTime":2594.55,"body":"course, a collective win."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2595.45,"endTime":2598.63,"body":"There's a societal win for more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2595.45,"endTime":2598.63,"body":"of this stuff taking place."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2598.66,"endTime":2602.11,"body":"Because you know, if if civil"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2598.66,"endTime":2602.11,"body":"society as a charitable sector,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2602.41,"endTime":2606.19,"body":"is functioning more effectively,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2602.41,"endTime":2606.19,"body":"and knowledgeably, that third"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2606.19,"endTime":2608.71,"body":"pillar of the triangle, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2606.19,"endTime":2608.71,"body":"mentioned, is functioning more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2608.71,"endTime":2611.74,"body":"effectively. And we're all the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2608.71,"endTime":2611.74,"body":"collective beneficiary from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2611.74,"endTime":2611.92,"body":"that,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2612.01,"endTime":2615.64,"body":"definitely. Listen, I know where"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2612.01,"endTime":2615.64,"body":"we've kind of run out of time,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2615.67,"endTime":2619.09,"body":"which I could talk to you about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2615.67,"endTime":2619.09,"body":"this subject for hours, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2619.09,"endTime":2621.31,"body":"hours and hours. And, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2619.09,"endTime":2621.31,"body":"hopefully, we'll get to do some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2621.31,"endTime":2625.12,"body":"follow up interviews after this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2621.31,"endTime":2625.12,"body":"series is all been published."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2625.42,"endTime":2628.09,"body":"And I cannot thank you enough"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2625.42,"endTime":2628.09,"body":"for your time. It's been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2628.12,"endTime":2631.96,"body":"amazing. And I imagine that as a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2628.12,"endTime":2631.96,"body":"teacher or a parent, there's so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2631.96,"endTime":2636.19,"body":"much in this interview to unpack"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2631.96,"endTime":2636.19,"body":"and and that they can, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2636.19,"endTime":2638.65,"body":"that they can really learn from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2636.19,"endTime":2638.65,"body":"and use with students and with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2638.65,"endTime":2643.0,"body":"their own children. Just Just as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2638.65,"endTime":2643.0,"body":"a final kind of goodbye. Is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2643.0,"endTime":2646.51,"body":"there. Is there any other piece"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2643.0,"endTime":2646.51,"body":"of advice that you would give to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2646.51,"endTime":2650.11,"body":"teachers or parents or or just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2646.51,"endTime":2650.11,"body":"again, point towards a resource"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2650.11,"endTime":2654.31,"body":"that you guys have to help with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2650.11,"endTime":2654.31,"body":"this education piece? Not just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2654.31,"endTime":2658.03,"body":"the economics education as a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2654.31,"endTime":2658.03,"body":"subject, but but to educate them"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2658.03,"endTime":2660.94,"body":"about what it's like to be an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2658.03,"endTime":2660.94,"body":"economist and why why it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2660.94,"endTime":2661.48,"body":"important?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2661.51,"endTime":2663.73,"body":"Yeah, well, I mean, something I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2661.51,"endTime":2663.73,"body":"didn't say but should have said"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2663.73,"endTime":2666.76,"body":"earlier on, Jennifer was that,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2663.73,"endTime":2666.76,"body":"really the, one of the most"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2666.76,"endTime":2669.64,"body":"important reasons why I ended up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2666.76,"endTime":2669.64,"body":"I ended up as an economist was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2669.64,"endTime":2673.81,"body":"by having a fantastic a level"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2669.64,"endTime":2673.81,"body":"economics teacher, Peter Bates."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2674.17,"endTime":2677.38,"body":"I'm still in touch with les now"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2674.17,"endTime":2677.38,"body":"lives in France. Yeah, without"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2677.38,"endTime":2681.82,"body":"him. I wouldn't remotely be on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2677.38,"endTime":2681.82,"body":"the path I am on now. There's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2682.3,"endTime":2686.08,"body":"absolutely no question about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2682.3,"endTime":2686.08,"body":"that. So yeah, having said that,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2686.08,"endTime":2689.47,"body":"there's things that that schools"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2686.08,"endTime":2689.47,"body":"educators might do a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2689.47,"endTime":2691.96,"body":"differently. That's against the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2689.47,"endTime":2691.96,"body":"backdrop of me thinking this is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2691.96,"endTime":2696.55,"body":"absolutely fundamental to all of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2691.96,"endTime":2696.55,"body":"us. absolutely fundamental to my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2696.55,"endTime":2700.87,"body":"career, from my background, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2696.55,"endTime":2700.87,"body":"someone had said to me You know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2700.87,"endTime":2704.86,"body":"14 1618, I'd be chief economist,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2700.87,"endTime":2704.86,"body":"the Bank of England, sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2704.86,"endTime":2708.16,"body":"laughable, really, absolutely"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2704.86,"endTime":2708.16,"body":"laughable. And it's certainly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2708.16,"endTime":2711.76,"body":"slightly less laughable for the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2708.16,"endTime":2711.76,"body":"fact that I had that sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2711.76,"endTime":2716.92,"body":"superstar. teacher at the time."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2711.76,"endTime":2716.92,"body":"The one thing I would say, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2716.92,"endTime":2720.07,"body":"know, in terms of your things"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2716.92,"endTime":2720.07,"body":"that might be done a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2720.07,"endTime":2724.57,"body":"differently to bring economics"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2720.07,"endTime":2724.57,"body":"to life to bring the economy to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2724.99,"endTime":2730.21,"body":"life, it would be to, for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2724.99,"endTime":2730.21,"body":"schools to partner, as indeed,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2730.21,"endTime":2734.47,"body":"they are increasingly with some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2730.21,"endTime":2734.47,"body":"of the key institutions of state"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2734.47,"endTime":2738.25,"body":"including the Bank of England,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2734.47,"endTime":2738.25,"body":"so the year weed that we're now"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2738.25,"endTime":2743.32,"body":"doing hundreds of talks every"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2738.25,"endTime":2743.32,"body":"year in schools, and that is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2743.32,"endTime":2746.83,"body":"thoroughly good thing. But you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2743.32,"endTime":2746.83,"body":"know, why couldn't and shouldn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2746.83,"endTime":2751.69,"body":"that be 1000s of talks being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2746.83,"endTime":2751.69,"body":"done by all parts of government?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2751.87,"endTime":2757.57,"body":"within schools? Why isn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2751.87,"endTime":2757.57,"body":"economics and finance are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2757.57,"endTime":2760.24,"body":"actually core part of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2757.57,"endTime":2760.24,"body":"curriculum right now? It's, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2760.24,"endTime":2763.78,"body":"a nice to have it's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2760.24,"endTime":2763.78,"body":"discretionary item. Yeah. And,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2763.87,"endTime":2766.24,"body":"you know, as I've written to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2763.87,"endTime":2766.24,"body":"button or education about more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2766.24,"endTime":2772.72,"body":"than once, why isn't this a more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2766.24,"endTime":2772.72,"body":"core and central feature of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2772.72,"endTime":2777.19,"body":"curriculum? Not not the remote,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2772.72,"endTime":2777.19,"body":"the conceptual, the ideological,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2777.58,"endTime":2782.14,"body":"but the everyday economics? Of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2777.58,"endTime":2782.14,"body":"how sell balance sheets of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2782.14,"endTime":2787.48,"body":"buildings skills, of getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2782.14,"endTime":2787.48,"body":"jobs, of saving for a rainy day"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2787.6,"endTime":2790.54,"body":"of saving the planet? How would"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2787.6,"endTime":2790.54,"body":"your pensions work out a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2790.54,"endTime":2796.12,"body":"pension? Yeah, particular bane"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2790.54,"endTime":2796.12,"body":"of my life. So we absolutely can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2796.12,"endTime":2799.63,"body":"make the economy for everyone. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2796.12,"endTime":2799.63,"body":"think we will have a collective"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2799.63,"endTime":2800.86,"body":"responsibility to do just that."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2801.28,"endTime":2805.18,"body":"Amazing. Thank you so much. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2801.28,"endTime":2805.18,"body":"really appreciate it. And like I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2805.18,"endTime":2807.88,"body":"said, hopefully, we'll be able"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2805.18,"endTime":2807.88,"body":"to convince you to come back and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2807.88,"endTime":2811.54,"body":"answer some questions for us"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2807.88,"endTime":2811.54,"body":"again, thank you so much. Thank"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2811.54,"endTime":2814.69,"body":"you so much for listening to our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2811.54,"endTime":2814.69,"body":"episode. We hope you enjoyed it."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2814.93,"endTime":2817.51,"body":"Please get in touch. If you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2814.93,"endTime":2817.51,"body":"visit our website, discover"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2817.51,"endTime":2821.38,"body":"economics co.uk. You can email"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2817.51,"endTime":2821.38,"body":"us through the site, get in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2821.38,"endTime":2825.1,"body":"touch, see all of our resources."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2821.38,"endTime":2825.1,"body":"And we'd love to hear from you."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2825.1,"endTime":2827.98,"body":"If you've got any questions for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2825.1,"endTime":2827.98,"body":"our guests that we can pass on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2827.98,"endTime":2831.61,"body":"to them. I keep nudging our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2827.98,"endTime":2831.61,"body":"guests. We're hoping to get them"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2831.61,"endTime":2835.09,"body":"back in the hot seat again with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2831.61,"endTime":2835.09,"body":"your questions. So please do get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2835.09,"endTime":2838.03,"body":"in touch and let us know what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2835.09,"endTime":2838.03,"body":"you think. If you've enjoyed the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2838.03,"endTime":2842.65,"body":"podcast, remember to go to Apple"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2838.03,"endTime":2842.65,"body":"podcasts and rate and review."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2842.98,"endTime":2845.65,"body":"Remember to subscribe so that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2842.98,"endTime":2845.65,"body":"you get all the new episodes as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2845.65,"endTime":2848.56,"body":"they come in. And we look"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2845.65,"endTime":2848.56,"body":"forward to hearing from you and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2848.56,"endTime":2851.05,"body":"let us know what you think. See"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2848.56,"endTime":2851.05,"body":"you on the next episode."}]}