{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.189,"endTime":1.524,"body":"Hello the welcome to"},{"startTime":0.189,"endTime":1.524,"body":"Fire Science Show."},{"startTime":1.704,"endTime":3.564,"body":"Episode 58 grade heavy here."},{"startTime":4.134,"endTime":6.594,"body":"I'm middle of my"},{"startTime":4.134,"endTime":6.594,"body":"summer holidays."},{"startTime":6.864,"endTime":8.274,"body":"And I don't feel that much."},{"startTime":8.274,"endTime":10.794,"body":"I like doing serious firesides."},{"startTime":10.794,"endTime":14.394,"body":"So today I both use"},{"startTime":10.794,"endTime":14.394,"body":"some fun fire science."},{"startTime":14.874,"endTime":16.734,"body":"I hope you enjoy."},{"startTime":16.794,"endTime":20.094,"body":"This may be a little less"},{"startTime":16.794,"endTime":20.094,"body":"engineering oriented episodes."},{"startTime":20.514,"endTime":23.544,"body":"But for me, it was a great"},{"startTime":20.514,"endTime":23.544,"body":"pleasure to record it."},{"startTime":24.144,"endTime":27.924,"body":"So sometime I go, I've seen on"},{"startTime":24.144,"endTime":27.924,"body":"Twitter researcher from Linden"},{"startTime":27.924,"endTime":32.994,"body":"university Ivo Jacobs who did"},{"startTime":27.924,"endTime":32.994,"body":"his research on how animals."},{"startTime":33.264,"endTime":36.274,"body":"Percy fire and, how"},{"startTime":33.264,"endTime":36.274,"body":"they use fire, how."},{"startTime":36.88,"endTime":38.65,"body":"I felt, wow, that's"},{"startTime":36.88,"endTime":38.65,"body":"such a cool subject."},{"startTime":38.65,"endTime":42.76,"body":"I need to talk with him"},{"startTime":38.65,"endTime":42.76,"body":"because that is in essence, the"},{"startTime":42.76,"endTime":46.24,"body":"research on the very beginnings"},{"startTime":42.76,"endTime":46.24,"body":"of the fire science and."},{"startTime":46.78,"endTime":49.27,"body":"Fire engineering, maybe not"},{"startTime":46.78,"endTime":49.27,"body":"fire safety 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about"},{"startTime":73.47,"endTime":75.73,"body":"things you've never thought"},{"startTime":73.47,"endTime":75.73,"body":"about , when dealing and"},{"startTime":75.73,"endTime":76.96,"body":"learning about fire science."},{"startTime":77.01,"endTime":80.46,"body":"So, yeah, I don't think this"},{"startTime":77.01,"endTime":80.46,"body":"needs more introduction."},{"startTime":80.79,"endTime":82.95,"body":"Let's not belong this"},{"startTime":80.79,"endTime":82.95,"body":"play danger and jump"},{"startTime":82.98,"endTime":83.67,"body":"into the episode."},{"startTime":83.73,"endTime":85.77,"body":"And I really hope you"},{"startTime":83.73,"endTime":85.77,"body":"will enjoy this fun talk."},{"startTime":86.16,"endTime":87.09,"body":"As much as I did."},{"startTime":111.575,"endTime":112.385,"body":"Hello everybody."},{"startTime":112.475,"endTime":116.655,"body":"I'm today with Ivo Jacobs"},{"startTime":112.475,"endTime":116.655,"body":"researcher from Lund 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doing"},{"startTime":137.159,"endTime":141.539,"body":"amazing research on how"},{"startTime":137.159,"endTime":141.539,"body":"animals perceive fire and"},{"startTime":141.749,"endTime":144.269,"body":"literally the studies on, on"},{"startTime":141.749,"endTime":144.269,"body":"monkeys playing with fire."},{"startTime":144.269,"endTime":145.589,"body":"And that's what I do daily."},{"startTime":145.739,"endTime":147.059,"body":"I study monkeys"},{"startTime":145.739,"endTime":147.059,"body":"playing with fire."},{"startTime":147.359,"endTime":149.129,"body":"It's just, they're a"},{"startTime":147.359,"endTime":149.129,"body":"little more complex."},{"startTime":149.819,"endTime":153.025,"body":"so Ivo, that was like"},{"startTime":149.819,"endTime":153.025,"body":"fascinating eye opening that"},{"startTime":153.03,"endTime":154.255,"body":"someone researches that field."},{"startTime":154.785,"endTime":158.69,"body":"I've learned that you use also"},{"startTime":154.785,"endTime":158.69,"body":"a term pyrocognition for that."},{"startTime":159.08,"endTime":162.59,"body":"So maybe let's first, like,"},{"startTime":159.08,"endTime":162.59,"body":"let tell me, how did you"},{"startTime":162.595,"endTime":165.584,"body":"get to studying, animals"},{"startTime":162.595,"endTime":165.584,"body":"interactions with fire and"},{"startTime":165.584,"endTime":167.054,"body":"then what pyrocognition is?"},{"startTime":167.218,"endTime":170.638,"body":"Well, in many ways, , it kind"},{"startTime":167.218,"endTime":170.638,"body":"of happened in quite a strange"},{"startTime":170.638,"endTime":174.485,"body":"way, because during my PhD I was"},{"startTime":170.638,"endTime":174.485,"body":"working,   , on animal tool use."},{"startTime":175.115,"endTime":177.295,"body":"And I was reading, this"},{"startTime":175.115,"endTime":177.295,"body":"book about animal tool use."},{"startTime":177.3,"endTime":180.331,"body":"And there were these"},{"startTime":177.3,"endTime":180.331,"body":"mentions of, some crows, like"},{"startTime":180.331,"endTime":181.681,"body":"lighting matches with a beak."},{"startTime":182.301,"endTime":185.271,"body":"And, uh, also some birds"},{"startTime":182.301,"endTime":185.271,"body":"or prey in Australia that"},{"startTime":185.271,"endTime":187.521,"body":"would pick up burning sticks"},{"startTime":185.271,"endTime":187.521,"body":"and drop them elsewhere."},{"startTime":187.521,"endTime":189.428,"body":"And I thought that's, so"},{"startTime":187.521,"endTime":189.428,"body":"strange wise, no one doing"},{"startTime":189.428,"endTime":191.931,"body":"research on this and also"},{"startTime":189.428,"endTime":191.931,"body":"these are all cases by birds"},{"startTime":191.931,"endTime":195.351,"body":"and not by primates because"},{"startTime":191.931,"endTime":195.351,"body":"of course everyone assumes, if"},{"startTime":195.356,"endTime":198.425,"body":"you want to understand, 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with, uh, with birds."},{"startTime":232.122,"endTime":236.025,"body":"I, I have like a, a prey of"},{"startTime":232.122,"endTime":236.025,"body":"Crow, in near to my office."},{"startTime":236.025,"endTime":238.845,"body":"They always drop nuts"},{"startTime":236.025,"endTime":238.845,"body":"under my car to crush them."},{"startTime":239.205,"endTime":242.072,"body":"So they're, they're I mean,"},{"startTime":239.205,"endTime":242.072,"body":"I'm happy they could be"},{"startTime":242.072,"endTime":244.755,"body":"throwing like matches or,"},{"startTime":242.072,"endTime":244.755,"body":"pieces of burning material"},{"startTime":244.755,"endTime":247.185,"body":"in my car, which I would"},{"startTime":244.755,"endTime":247.185,"body":"not appreciate that much."},{"startTime":247.605,"endTime":247.695,"body":"And."},{"startTime":248.494,"endTime":251.122,"body":"and, and the term"},{"startTime":248.494,"endTime":251.122,"body":"pyrocognition, how, how would"},{"startTime":251.122,"endTime":253.492,"body":"you define that field of"},{"startTime":251.122,"endTime":253.492,"body":"science field of knowledge?"},{"startTime":253.8,"endTime":257.59,"body":"well, it's kind of difficult"},{"startTime":253.8,"endTime":257.59,"body":"because, right now I define it"},{"startTime":257.59,"endTime":261.153,"body":"in a very broad sense, just,"},{"startTime":257.59,"endTime":261.153,"body":"the way that animals and humans."},{"startTime":261.858,"endTime":264.258,"body":"Interact with fire and"},{"startTime":261.858,"endTime":264.258,"body":"use it and understand it."},{"startTime":264.798,"endTime":267.948,"body":"So that's a very, very"},{"startTime":264.798,"endTime":267.948,"body":"broad definition, but it's"},{"startTime":267.948,"endTime":270.138,"body":"hard to be more specific"},{"startTime":267.948,"endTime":270.138,"body":"without more researcher."},{"startTime":270.138,"endTime":272.358,"body":"That's why I'm starting"},{"startTime":270.138,"endTime":272.358,"body":"with a very, with this"},{"startTime":272.358,"endTime":274.518,"body":"very broad definition, and"},{"startTime":272.358,"endTime":274.518,"body":"hopefully I can refine it"},{"startTime":274.518,"endTime":276.828,"body":"and sort of make more, a"},{"startTime":274.518,"endTime":276.828,"body":"theoretical framework as we go."},{"startTime":277.503,"endTime":280.323,"body":"But it's just at this point"},{"startTime":277.503,"endTime":280.323,"body":"as very little known about"},{"startTime":280.683,"endTime":281.973,"body":"this understanding of fire."},{"startTime":282.063,"endTime":282.243,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":282.303,"endTime":283.053,"body":"Even in humans."},{"startTime":283.053,"endTime":285.603,"body":"And that's was maybe the"},{"startTime":283.053,"endTime":285.603,"body":"most surprising thing in this"},{"startTime":285.603,"endTime":288.333,"body":"project, because what we 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are"},{"startTime":302.223,"endTime":305.553,"body":"more aware of, but, uh, but"},{"startTime":305.553,"endTime":308.433,"body":"not this kind of principles"},{"startTime":305.553,"endTime":308.433,"body":"of, you know, at what age"},{"startTime":308.433,"endTime":311.863,"body":"do, , kids, know how to make"},{"startTime":308.433,"endTime":311.863,"body":"fire or, you know, know how"},{"startTime":311.863,"endTime":315.553,"body":"to use a tool to get something"},{"startTime":311.863,"endTime":315.553,"body":"hot from Smalling calls."},{"startTime":315.776,"endTime":318.386,"body":"uh, or when do they learn"},{"startTime":315.776,"endTime":318.386,"body":"about a fire triangle,"},{"startTime":318.386,"endTime":319.136,"body":"these kind of things."},{"startTime":319.736,"endTime":321.956,"body":"Um, and of course"},{"startTime":319.736,"endTime":321.956,"body":"these kind of basic."},{"startTime":322.443,"endTime":325.173,"body":"sort of like hands on"},{"startTime":322.443,"endTime":325.173,"body":"experiences of obviously"},{"startTime":325.593,"endTime":327.963,"body":"must have been very important"},{"startTime":325.593,"endTime":327.963,"body":"for our ancestors as well."},{"startTime":327.963,"endTime":329.343,"body":"You know, how did"},{"startTime":327.963,"endTime":329.343,"body":"they learn to cook?"},{"startTime":329.661,"endTime":332.61,"body":"how did they learn, what part of"},{"startTime":329.661,"endTime":332.61,"body":"like one fire is too dangerous"},{"startTime":332.61,"endTime":334.32,"body":"and when you can interact"},{"startTime":332.61,"endTime":334.32,"body":"with it, these kind of things."},{"startTime":334.325,"endTime":336.54,"body":"So that makes it very"},{"startTime":334.325,"endTime":336.54,"body":"hard to start this"},{"startTime":336.54,"endTime":337.62,"body":"residual animals as well."},{"startTime":337.62,"endTime":339.21,"body":"When that's so little"},{"startTime":337.62,"endTime":339.21,"body":"known about humans,"},{"startTime":340.239,"endTime":343.345,"body":"This is intriguing that you, you"},{"startTime":340.239,"endTime":343.345,"body":"say, like when you think about"},{"startTime":343.345,"endTime":347.599,"body":"it, I really did not hear much"},{"startTime":343.345,"endTime":347.599,"body":"about studies in this field."},{"startTime":347.929,"endTime":349.889,"body":"When we, talk with"},{"startTime":347.929,"endTime":349.889,"body":"our colleagues who are"},{"startTime":349.889,"endTime":351.809,"body":"doing, psychology it's."},{"startTime":353.114,"endTime":355.904,"body":"Highly related usually to"},{"startTime":353.114,"endTime":355.904,"body":"crowd management and, you"},{"startTime":355.904,"endTime":359.64,"body":"know, these evacuation"},{"startTime":355.904,"endTime":359.64,"body":"situations, I don't know much"},{"startTime":359.645,"endTime":361.83,"body":"studies on perception of fire."},{"startTime":362.34,"endTime":365.52,"body":"I've heard about some really"},{"startTime":362.34,"endTime":365.52,"body":"interesting studies on how"},{"startTime":365.52,"endTime":369.174,"body":"people perceive fire I, I"},{"startTime":365.52,"endTime":369.174,"body":"remember Daniel Nielsen."},{"startTime":369.174,"endTime":371.154,"body":"He was at at Lund"},{"startTime":369.174,"endTime":371.154,"body":"university back then."},{"startTime":371.484,"endTime":373.364,"body":"He was, uh, showing research on."},{"startTime":373.754,"endTime":377.124,"body":"Virtual reality, showing people"},{"startTime":373.754,"endTime":377.124,"body":"pictures of fires and, asking"},{"startTime":377.124,"endTime":381.054,"body":"them, can you take this fire out"},{"startTime":377.124,"endTime":381.054,"body":"with an extinguisher, you know,"},{"startTime":381.054,"endTime":384.264,"body":"uh, and to, to understand how"},{"startTime":381.054,"endTime":384.264,"body":"people perceive the, the threat"},{"startTime":384.294,"endTime":388.464,"body":"of a fire and when the threat"},{"startTime":384.294,"endTime":388.464,"body":"is overwhelming when it's not."},{"startTime":388.464,"endTime":391.254,"body":"So, so that's the thing,"},{"startTime":388.464,"endTime":391.254,"body":"but I, that, that really"},{"startTime":391.259,"endTime":394.164,"body":"is an interesting, like"},{"startTime":391.259,"endTime":394.164,"body":"whole field of science"},{"startTime":394.164,"endTime":396.407,"body":"that, requires discovery."},{"startTime":397.287,"endTime":402.23,"body":"Now if we, if we give back to"},{"startTime":397.287,"endTime":402.23,"body":"like ancestry times, like what"},{"startTime":402.23,"endTime":405.065,"body":"stage are like, we're talking"},{"startTime":402.23,"endTime":405.065,"body":"about literally the, the first"},{"startTime":405.065,"endTime":410.1,"body":"homo even earlier in, in the"},{"startTime":405.065,"endTime":410.1,"body":"evolution of, of humankind"},{"startTime":410.53,"endTime":412.808,"body":"So it must have been"},{"startTime":410.53,"endTime":412.808,"body":"much, much earlier."},{"startTime":412.868,"endTime":415.508,"body":"And of course there is a lot"},{"startTime":412.868,"endTime":415.508,"body":"of research on fire and human"},{"startTime":415.508,"endTime":418.658,"body":"evolution, but then this mainly"},{"startTime":415.508,"endTime":418.658,"body":"comes, you know, from like the"},{"startTime":418.658,"endTime":421.761,"body":"physical evidence, uh, you know,"},{"startTime":418.658,"endTime":421.761,"body":"like, burn bones used by our"},{"startTime":421.766,"endTime":424.941,"body":"ancestors or, you know, small"},{"startTime":421.766,"endTime":424.941,"body":"charcoal, these kind of things."},{"startTime":424.941,"endTime":427.595,"body":"And then there's also,"},{"startTime":424.941,"endTime":427.595,"body":"some anatomical evidence,"},{"startTime":428.005,"endTime":429.455,"body":"which, quite strongly shows."},{"startTime":429.65,"endTime":433.026,"body":"that, early humans were"},{"startTime":429.65,"endTime":433.026,"body":"already really reliant"},{"startTime":433.026,"endTime":434.443,"body":"on, eating cooked foods."},{"startTime":435.043,"endTime":437.383,"body":"Uh, and this is something"},{"startTime":435.043,"endTime":437.383,"body":"also, I think many people"},{"startTime":437.383,"endTime":439.243,"body":"don't really understand"},{"startTime":437.383,"endTime":439.243,"body":"why fire is so important."},{"startTime":439.243,"endTime":441.643,"body":"Of course, this is something"},{"startTime":439.243,"endTime":441.643,"body":"we, we learn early in school and"},{"startTime":441.643,"endTime":445.043,"body":"everything, but by far the most"},{"startTime":441.643,"endTime":445.043,"body":"important function fire is at."},{"startTime":445.778,"endTime":448.741,"body":"That it allows us to cook"},{"startTime":445.778,"endTime":448.741,"body":"our foods and with, cooked"},{"startTime":448.741,"endTime":451.471,"body":"food, it's much easier to"},{"startTime":448.741,"endTime":451.471,"body":"chew, much easier to digest."},{"startTime":451.471,"endTime":452.941,"body":"You get much more"},{"startTime":451.471,"endTime":452.941,"body":"energy from it."},{"startTime":453.331,"endTime":455.581,"body":"For example, if you would"},{"startTime":453.331,"endTime":455.581,"body":"only eat raw potatoes,"},{"startTime":455.581,"endTime":457.586,"body":"you get only around half"},{"startTime":455.581,"endTime":457.586,"body":"of the calories from it."},{"startTime":457.831,"endTime":460.321,"body":"but if you prepare it with"},{"startTime":457.831,"endTime":460.321,"body":"heat, so that's cooking,"},{"startTime":460.446,"endTime":462.741,"body":"you get almost all of"},{"startTime":460.446,"endTime":462.741,"body":"the calories out of it."},{"startTime":463.018,"endTime":466.071,"body":"and we can already see 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our brains"},{"startTime":486.786,"endTime":491.346,"body":"got much bigger because if"},{"startTime":486.786,"endTime":491.346,"body":"you only eat raw food, You"},{"startTime":491.346,"endTime":493.896,"body":"literally don't have enough"},{"startTime":491.346,"endTime":493.896,"body":"time during the day to find,"},{"startTime":494.136,"endTime":496.776,"body":"find enough raw food and you"},{"startTime":494.136,"endTime":496.776,"body":"spend so much time chewing, you"},{"startTime":496.776,"endTime":498.566,"body":"know, right now we spend maybe."},{"startTime":498.716,"endTime":502.076,"body":"something like half an hour per"},{"startTime":498.716,"endTime":502.076,"body":"day chewing, but if he would"},{"startTime":502.406,"endTime":505.266,"body":"only eat raw food, it would"},{"startTime":502.406,"endTime":505.266,"body":"be about 10 times as much."},{"startTime":505.836,"endTime":508.546,"body":"And you notice, these people,"},{"startTime":505.836,"endTime":508.546,"body":"nowadays that only eat raw"},{"startTime":508.546,"endTime":511.966,"body":"food, you know, the raw food"},{"startTime":508.546,"endTime":511.966,"body":"is, and they eat so many"},{"startTime":511.966,"endTime":514.053,"body":"calories, but, that's one"},{"startTime":511.966,"endTime":514.053,"body":"problem because when you look"},{"startTime":514.053,"endTime":516.783,"body":"at the package, they choose the"},{"startTime":514.053,"endTime":516.783,"body":"calories, you know, it's, it's"},{"startTime":516.783,"endTime":519.543,"body":"been it literal, been blown"},{"startTime":516.783,"endTime":519.543,"body":"up in the lab and I measured"},{"startTime":519.543,"endTime":520.953,"body":"how warm the water on it gets."},{"startTime":521.223,"endTime":522.273,"body":"And of course that's"},{"startTime":521.223,"endTime":522.273,"body":"not what our body."},{"startTime":523.141,"endTime":525.648,"body":"but anyway, so these people"},{"startTime":523.141,"endTime":525.648,"body":"ate, a lot of calories."},{"startTime":525.708,"endTime":528.091,"body":"They, you know, shipped all"},{"startTime":525.708,"endTime":528.091,"body":"over the world and process and"},{"startTime":528.091,"endTime":530.521,"body":"blenders and everything, but"},{"startTime":528.091,"endTime":530.521,"body":"still, they extremely healthy."},{"startTime":530.526,"endTime":534.071,"body":"They lose a lot of weight, and,"},{"startTime":530.526,"endTime":534.071,"body":"many women even sub uh, mens"},{"startTime":534.641,"endTime":538.661,"body":"that's, that's how much the, the"},{"startTime":534.641,"endTime":538.661,"body":"body gets all in crisis mode."},{"startTime":539.321,"endTime":541.961,"body":"So that's, I think really strong"},{"startTime":539.321,"endTime":541.961,"body":"evidence, how we're reli, we are"},{"startTime":541.961,"endTime":543.911,"body":"on food and also every single."},{"startTime":544.761,"endTime":547.521,"body":"Human group around the world,"},{"startTime":544.761,"endTime":547.521,"body":"no matter what they live on,"},{"startTime":547.581,"endTime":548.691,"body":"they all cook their food."},{"startTime":549.043,"endTime":550.372,"body":"That is that's fascinating."},{"startTime":550.372,"endTime":553.822,"body":"So the evidence of fire"},{"startTime":550.372,"endTime":553.822,"body":"being an important part"},{"startTime":553.822,"endTime":555.082,"body":"of human, uh, life is."},{"startTime":555.622,"endTime":559.432,"body":"Literally in the autonomy of"},{"startTime":555.622,"endTime":559.432,"body":"the body, even that, that is"},{"startTime":559.462,"endTime":561.382,"body":"that that's absolutely amazing."},{"startTime":561.442,"endTime":564.232,"body":"Uh, for many times it was"},{"startTime":561.442,"endTime":564.232,"body":"brought that the fire was"},{"startTime":564.622,"endTime":568.029,"body":"like the first invention"},{"startTime":564.622,"endTime":568.029,"body":"of a human or the first"},{"startTime":568.034,"endTime":569.049,"body":"discovery of the human."},{"startTime":569.049,"endTime":571.419,"body":"What do you think is, was"},{"startTime":569.049,"endTime":571.419,"body":"it invention or discovery?"},{"startTime":571.749,"endTime":572.739,"body":"Can we settle that?"},{"startTime":573.08,"endTime":576.35,"body":"I mean, it's, uh, kind of"},{"startTime":573.08,"endTime":576.35,"body":"an arbitrary distinction,"},{"startTime":576.5,"endTime":579.153,"body":"uh, because, at the time,"},{"startTime":576.5,"endTime":579.153,"body":"humans were already."},{"startTime":579.402,"endTime":582.156,"body":"very often exposed to"},{"startTime":579.402,"endTime":582.156,"body":"wildfires, you know, living"},{"startTime":582.156,"endTime":583.416,"body":"in Africa, on Savannah."},{"startTime":583.866,"endTime":586.146,"body":"So, so they must have seen"},{"startTime":583.866,"endTime":586.146,"body":"wildfires quite often."},{"startTime":586.31,"endTime":586.53,"body":"and."},{"startTime":587.14,"endTime":589.78,"body":"Probably before they really"},{"startTime":587.14,"endTime":589.78,"body":"started relying much on fire."},{"startTime":589.78,"endTime":592.84,"body":"They were already using stone"},{"startTime":589.78,"endTime":592.84,"body":"tools and they were using, so"},{"startTime":592.84,"endTime":595.78,"body":"these stone tool tools to break"},{"startTime":592.84,"endTime":595.78,"body":"bones and to butcher meat."},{"startTime":596.26,"endTime":598.12,"body":"Uh, so these kind of things"},{"startTime":596.26,"endTime":598.12,"body":"that were already doing,"},{"startTime":598.187,"endTime":600.52,"body":"before that, and here there's"},{"startTime":598.187,"endTime":600.52,"body":"some interesting observations"},{"startTime":600.525,"endTime":602.38,"body":"of wild primates in Africa."},{"startTime":602.41,"endTime":604.793,"body":"For example, while,"},{"startTime":602.41,"endTime":604.793,"body":"chimpanzees in Senegal,"},{"startTime":604.821,"endTime":607.403,"body":"where in the summers, it"},{"startTime":604.821,"endTime":607.403,"body":"also gets very hot and dry"},{"startTime":607.403,"endTime":608.423,"body":"and get a lot of wildfire."},{"startTime":608.945,"endTime":610.731,"body":"uh, so they're not afraid"},{"startTime":608.945,"endTime":610.731,"body":"of the fire at all."},{"startTime":610.731,"endTime":612.496,"body":"They actually often"},{"startTime":610.731,"endTime":612.496,"body":"travel, close to it."},{"startTime":612.541,"endTime":615.085,"body":"And if it gets too big or"},{"startTime":612.541,"endTime":615.085,"body":"too fast, you know, to move"},{"startTime":615.325,"endTime":617.515,"body":"a bit further away from it,"},{"startTime":615.325,"endTime":617.515,"body":"but they rain very calm."},{"startTime":617.905,"endTime":620.745,"body":"And one thing that they often"},{"startTime":617.905,"endTime":620.745,"body":"do is that when the fire is out."},{"startTime":621.355,"endTime":624.085,"body":"They like to travel through"},{"startTime":621.355,"endTime":624.085,"body":"these recently burned areas"},{"startTime":624.265,"endTime":626.965,"body":"because it's, um, it's just"},{"startTime":624.265,"endTime":626.965,"body":"easier traveling without"},{"startTime":626.965,"endTime":628.135,"body":"old vegetation in the way."},{"startTime":628.405,"endTime":629.845,"body":"It's easier to spot predators."},{"startTime":630.175,"endTime":632.321,"body":"and there's many"},{"startTime":630.175,"endTime":632.321,"body":"predators who avoid burnt"},{"startTime":632.321,"endTime":633.641,"body":"areas anyway, and also"},{"startTime":633.646,"endTime":635.681,"body":"much easier to find"},{"startTime":633.646,"endTime":635.681,"body":"food because everything"},{"startTime":635.686,"endTime":636.791,"body":"else is, is burned up."},{"startTime":637.315,"endTime":638.185,"body":"Already cooked."},{"startTime":638.201,"endTime":638.771,"body":"that's."},{"startTime":639.196,"endTime":639.556,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":639.676,"endTime":640.816,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":640.996,"endTime":644.376,"body":"So of course, that's one way how"},{"startTime":640.996,"endTime":644.376,"body":"our might have learned, about"},{"startTime":644.376,"endTime":646.866,"body":"fire and cooking as well is"},{"startTime":644.376,"endTime":646.866,"body":"that they often travel to these"},{"startTime":646.866,"endTime":648.606,"body":"burned areas and find food."},{"startTime":648.756,"endTime":651.336,"body":"And not only that, they find"},{"startTime":648.756,"endTime":651.336,"body":"it easier to find as food, but"},{"startTime":651.336,"endTime":654.456,"body":"also that they thought it tasted"},{"startTime":651.336,"endTime":654.456,"body":"better because of course we."},{"startTime":655.096,"endTime":657.706,"body":"Generally think that"},{"startTime":655.096,"endTime":657.706,"body":"most foods taste better"},{"startTime":657.706,"endTime":658.636,"body":"when they are cooked."},{"startTime":658.636,"endTime":660.796,"body":"And there's also been"},{"startTime":658.636,"endTime":660.796,"body":"experiments done on great"},{"startTime":660.796,"endTime":663.89,"body":"apes and they also prefer,"},{"startTime":660.796,"endTime":663.89,"body":"their foods to be cooked"},{"startTime":663.92,"endTime":666.5,"body":"because it's much sweeter,"},{"startTime":663.92,"endTime":666.5,"body":"sweeter, and easier to chew."},{"startTime":666.56,"endTime":668.673,"body":"So, so that seems"},{"startTime":666.56,"endTime":668.673,"body":"to be the sort of"},{"startTime":668.673,"endTime":671.553,"body":"initial trigger for ancestors"},{"startTime":668.673,"endTime":671.553,"body":"to have started relying on fire."},{"startTime":672.212,"endTime":675.039,"body":"And, I've also learned that"},{"startTime":672.212,"endTime":675.039,"body":"there was like significant"},{"startTime":675.039,"endTime":678.639,"body":"like societal or cultural"},{"startTime":675.039,"endTime":678.639,"body":"affection to fire."},{"startTime":678.639,"endTime":681.549,"body":"At some point it was also"},{"startTime":678.639,"endTime":681.549,"body":"the source of heating, but"},{"startTime":681.549,"endTime":684.315,"body":"I guess this all would, be"},{"startTime":681.549,"endTime":684.315,"body":"after it was used for this"},{"startTime":684.315,"endTime":685.719,"body":"basic function of, prevent."},{"startTime":685.873,"endTime":687.553,"body":"yeah, that's of course"},{"startTime":685.873,"endTime":687.553,"body":"really hard to say."},{"startTime":687.558,"endTime":687.793,"body":"And that."},{"startTime":688.738,"endTime":691.588,"body":"One of these reasons why I'm"},{"startTime":688.738,"endTime":691.588,"body":"doing this project, because"},{"startTime":691.678,"endTime":694.875,"body":"based on this evidence from the"},{"startTime":691.678,"endTime":694.875,"body":"old charcoal and fossils and"},{"startTime":694.875,"endTime":697.695,"body":"everything, we, we can learn"},{"startTime":694.875,"endTime":697.695,"body":"many things, but many things,"},{"startTime":697.695,"endTime":700.335,"body":"unfortunately we can't, and"},{"startTime":697.695,"endTime":700.335,"body":"that's why it's very important"},{"startTime":700.335,"endTime":704.205,"body":"to study, you know, humans and"},{"startTime":700.335,"endTime":704.205,"body":"other animals, uh, living now."},{"startTime":704.205,"endTime":706.245,"body":"And, and this kind of approach"},{"startTime":704.205,"endTime":706.245,"body":"has been done in so many."},{"startTime":707.295,"endTime":709.425,"body":"In so many different fields"},{"startTime":707.295,"endTime":709.425,"body":"related to human evolution, is"},{"startTime":709.425,"endTime":711.705,"body":"that what, you know, we study"},{"startTime":709.425,"endTime":711.705,"body":"primates to understand, like how"},{"startTime":712.275,"endTime":714.731,"body":"do social groups function for"},{"startTime":712.275,"endTime":714.731,"body":"example, how do they use tools?"},{"startTime":715.118,"endTime":717.728,"body":"so with my project, I'm kind"},{"startTime":715.118,"endTime":717.728,"body":"of doing the same with fire."},{"startTime":717.878,"endTime":720.951,"body":"Uh, but of course it's very"},{"startTime":717.878,"endTime":720.951,"body":"hard to, translate from"},{"startTime":720.956,"endTime":724.191,"body":"animal behavior to how our"},{"startTime":720.956,"endTime":724.191,"body":"ancestors must have behaved,"},{"startTime":724.191,"endTime":726.938,"body":"but it just, it gives you"},{"startTime":724.191,"endTime":726.938,"body":"some plausible, scenarios."},{"startTime":727.448,"endTime":731.413,"body":"So, so I do think that, Our"},{"startTime":727.448,"endTime":731.413,"body":"early, early ancestors started,"},{"startTime":731.463,"endTime":734.153,"body":"interacting more with fire"},{"startTime":731.463,"endTime":734.153,"body":"primarily because of the"},{"startTime":734.153,"endTime":737.333,"body":"food and the travel, and then"},{"startTime":734.153,"endTime":737.333,"body":"probably later they started"},{"startTime":737.363,"endTime":741.096,"body":"using it more, to stay warm, for"},{"startTime":737.363,"endTime":741.096,"body":"example, or to one of, parasites"},{"startTime":741.101,"endTime":742.393,"body":"and predators, because."},{"startTime":742.933,"endTime":745.603,"body":"Because by now there's so"},{"startTime":742.933,"endTime":745.603,"body":"many functions of fire,"},{"startTime":745.603,"endTime":749.503,"body":"even, even just in, uh, for"},{"startTime":745.603,"endTime":749.503,"body":"societies, you know, like, uh,"},{"startTime":749.623,"endTime":752.833,"body":"these, uh, groups that still"},{"startTime":749.623,"endTime":752.833,"body":"just mean rely on hunting"},{"startTime":752.838,"endTime":754.543,"body":"and gathering, for them."},{"startTime":754.553,"endTime":757.396,"body":"the fires mostly used for"},{"startTime":754.553,"endTime":757.396,"body":"cooking as well, but that"},{"startTime":757.401,"endTime":760.366,"body":"that's also, you know, the"},{"startTime":757.401,"endTime":760.366,"body":"warmth and, uh, and the"},{"startTime":760.366,"endTime":763.516,"body":"protection from animals and"},{"startTime":760.366,"endTime":763.516,"body":"they use it to modify materials"},{"startTime":763.516,"endTime":764.356,"body":"and these kind of things."},{"startTime":764.356,"endTime":766.186,"body":"So fire has so many"},{"startTime":764.356,"endTime":766.186,"body":"functions and of course"},{"startTime":766.186,"endTime":767.836,"body":"makes it hard to, to find."},{"startTime":768.631,"endTime":771.868,"body":"In the physical evidence of the"},{"startTime":768.631,"endTime":771.868,"body":"fossils, and all the kinds of"},{"startTime":771.868,"endTime":775.245,"body":"evidence, how, the main reason"},{"startTime":771.868,"endTime":775.245,"body":"why they started interacting"},{"startTime":775.635,"endTime":776.205,"body":"with fire."},{"startTime":776.964,"endTime":780.567,"body":"Is it, excuse me, if I'm"},{"startTime":776.964,"endTime":780.567,"body":"asking silly questions, but,"},{"startTime":780.597,"endTime":783.477,"body":"uh, it's, it's like, uh,"},{"startTime":780.597,"endTime":783.477,"body":"so far away from my comfort"},{"startTime":783.477,"endTime":785.067,"body":"zone and yet, so interesting."},{"startTime":785.49,"endTime":786.78,"body":"do we understand."},{"startTime":787.027,"endTime":790.854,"body":"When people start started"},{"startTime":787.027,"endTime":790.854,"body":"to understand fire, did, did"},{"startTime":790.854,"endTime":795.284,"body":"this moment where it became,"},{"startTime":790.854,"endTime":795.284,"body":"someone used it intentionally,"},{"startTime":795.284,"endTime":796.574,"body":"they understood that, okay."},{"startTime":796.579,"endTime":798.344,"body":"I can make this fire bigger."},{"startTime":798.344,"endTime":799.724,"body":"I can make this fire smaller."},{"startTime":799.729,"endTime":801.824,"body":"I can spread it into"},{"startTime":799.729,"endTime":801.824,"body":"multiple pieces."},{"startTime":802.184,"endTime":805.664,"body":"I assume this is also like a"},{"startTime":802.184,"endTime":805.664,"body":"part like you are trying to"},{"startTime":805.664,"endTime":809.564,"body":"find that moment, like when it"},{"startTime":805.664,"endTime":809.564,"body":"happened and how it happened."},{"startTime":809.564,"endTime":809.924,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":814.0,"endTime":815.65,"body":"the kind of examples"},{"startTime":814.0,"endTime":815.65,"body":"that you are talking"},{"startTime":815.65,"endTime":816.49,"body":"about while I'm really."},{"startTime":817.18,"endTime":820.0,"body":"To start with is, you know,"},{"startTime":817.18,"endTime":820.0,"body":"really the basics, like"},{"startTime":820.0,"endTime":822.67,"body":"imagine a primer, just"},{"startTime":820.0,"endTime":822.67,"body":"living on Savanna sometimes,"},{"startTime":822.746,"endTime":824.783,"body":"seeing wildfire, how do they"},{"startTime":822.746,"endTime":824.783,"body":"start interacting with it?"},{"startTime":824.783,"endTime":827.303,"body":"How do they understand it"},{"startTime":824.783,"endTime":827.303,"body":"safe and these kind of things?"},{"startTime":827.59,"endTime":830.776,"body":"it's hard to say when,"},{"startTime":827.59,"endTime":830.776,"body":"early humans really."},{"startTime":831.096,"endTime":832.236,"body":"Understood the fire."},{"startTime":832.59,"endTime":835.784,"body":"but that's related to the kind"},{"startTime":832.59,"endTime":835.784,"body":"of evidence that you do find,"},{"startTime":835.816,"endTime":837.946,"body":"in the archeological record."},{"startTime":838.603,"endTime":840.973,"body":"because of course back then,"},{"startTime":838.603,"endTime":840.973,"body":"there were also many wildfires."},{"startTime":840.978,"endTime":843.853,"body":"So there's always, uh, a lot"},{"startTime":840.978,"endTime":843.853,"body":"of scientific debate about, you"},{"startTime":843.853,"endTime":846.883,"body":"know, is this really evidence"},{"startTime":843.853,"endTime":846.883,"body":"that humans made this fire"},{"startTime":846.883,"endTime":847.903,"body":"and there wasn't wildfire."},{"startTime":848.383,"endTime":851.34,"body":"So, yeah, so that's why people,"},{"startTime":848.383,"endTime":851.34,"body":"for example, are mostly looking"},{"startTime":851.4,"endTime":853.81,"body":"at, caves because you know,"},{"startTime":851.4,"endTime":853.81,"body":"there's not much vegetation that"},{"startTime":853.81,"endTime":855.79,"body":"will burn up and, especially."},{"startTime":856.195,"endTime":859.275,"body":"Uh, especially the temperature"},{"startTime":856.195,"endTime":859.275,"body":"of the fire because just a grass"},{"startTime":859.275,"endTime":862.715,"body":"fire, doesn't burn so hot, but"},{"startTime":859.275,"endTime":862.715,"body":"if you really make, you know,"},{"startTime":862.715,"endTime":866.105,"body":"big bonfire or, you know, a fire"},{"startTime":862.715,"endTime":866.105,"body":"for cooking and you keep it hot"},{"startTime":866.105,"endTime":868.655,"body":"for hours, it really affects"},{"startTime":866.105,"endTime":868.655,"body":"the sediment in different way."},{"startTime":869.165,"endTime":871.715,"body":"So that's generally seen as,"},{"startTime":869.165,"endTime":871.715,"body":"as much stronger evidence that"},{"startTime":871.715,"endTime":874.945,"body":"there was some kind of, uh,"},{"startTime":871.715,"endTime":874.945,"body":"control of fire that doesn't."},{"startTime":875.435,"endTime":878.075,"body":"That doesn't necessarily mean"},{"startTime":875.435,"endTime":878.075,"body":"that they made fire because"},{"startTime":878.525,"endTime":881.885,"body":"making fire probably arose"},{"startTime":878.525,"endTime":881.885,"body":"much later and there's still"},{"startTime":882.095,"endTime":883.265,"body":"many hunter gather groups"},{"startTime":883.265,"endTime":885.245,"body":"that, that can't make fire."},{"startTime":885.515,"endTime":886.805,"body":"We have to preserve"},{"startTime":885.515,"endTime":886.805,"body":"it all the time."},{"startTime":887.024,"endTime":887.444,"body":"mm-hmm"},{"startTime":887.645,"endTime":892.115,"body":"Uh, so yeah, because whenever"},{"startTime":887.645,"endTime":892.115,"body":"I, I talk about, this topic"},{"startTime":892.115,"endTime":894.035,"body":"to people, people always"},{"startTime":892.115,"endTime":894.035,"body":"assume I'm talking about,"},{"startTime":894.035,"endTime":896.315,"body":"you know, making fire, but"},{"startTime":894.035,"endTime":896.315,"body":"that's really one of the much"},{"startTime":896.315,"endTime":898.848,"body":"later things who I've, to have"},{"startTime":896.315,"endTime":898.848,"body":"been discovered as it were."},{"startTime":899.233,"endTime":901.918,"body":"so at first it must have been"},{"startTime":899.233,"endTime":901.918,"body":"much more, a wildfire trying"},{"startTime":902.152,"endTime":904.282,"body":"Just natural fire"},{"startTime":902.152,"endTime":904.282,"body":"that is preserved."},{"startTime":904.607,"endTime":904.937,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":905.502,"endTime":906.282,"body":"That's fascinating."},{"startTime":906.282,"endTime":910.182,"body":"I'm starting to, to come to a, a"},{"startTime":906.282,"endTime":910.182,"body":"thought that fire science is one"},{"startTime":910.182,"endTime":911.622,"body":"of the oldest sciences there is."},{"startTime":911.982,"endTime":912.462,"body":"That's cool."},{"startTime":914.382,"endTime":915.972,"body":", that's a, that's, that's a"},{"startTime":914.382,"endTime":915.972,"body":"cool outcome of this talk."},{"startTime":916.152,"endTime":917.502,"body":"I, I like, I like this outcome."},{"startTime":918.162,"endTime":918.859,"body":"So in the."},{"startTime":919.489,"endTime":922.589,"body":"Beginning you've said that"},{"startTime":919.489,"endTime":922.589,"body":"you've observed like, animals"},{"startTime":922.589,"endTime":925.739,"body":"interaction with fire that"},{"startTime":922.589,"endTime":925.739,"body":"led you to this topic, Crow"},{"startTime":925.949,"endTime":927.539,"body":"and, and birds of pray."},{"startTime":927.809,"endTime":930.554,"body":"Maybe you can,  tell me a"},{"startTime":927.809,"endTime":930.554,"body":"bit more like about these"},{"startTime":930.559,"endTime":933.254,"body":"observations and what was"},{"startTime":930.559,"endTime":933.254,"body":"this interesting about it?"},{"startTime":933.254,"endTime":935.084,"body":"I've heard about the"},{"startTime":933.254,"endTime":935.084,"body":"birds of like I've taught"},{"startTime":935.084,"endTime":935.774,"body":"you in the green room."},{"startTime":935.984,"endTime":938.444,"body":"I've heard about the birds of"},{"startTime":935.984,"endTime":938.444,"body":"pray because these damned birds"},{"startTime":938.444,"endTime":940.424,"body":"were spreading wildfires and."},{"startTime":940.949,"endTime":943.499,"body":"If we fire scientists"},{"startTime":940.949,"endTime":943.499,"body":"don't have enough problems"},{"startTime":943.499,"endTime":945.659,"body":"with wildfires there's"},{"startTime":943.499,"endTime":945.659,"body":"birds of parade, throwing,"},{"startTime":946.229,"endTime":949.829,"body":"burning embers all over the"},{"startTime":946.229,"endTime":949.829,"body":"place at vast distances."},{"startTime":950.339,"endTime":950.549,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":950.554,"endTime":954.179,"body":"I'm really curious about your"},{"startTime":950.554,"endTime":954.179,"body":"observations on, on that."},{"startTime":954.455,"endTime":954.756,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":954.904,"endTime":956.844,"body":"uh, as I said, I"},{"startTime":954.904,"endTime":956.844,"body":"really just started to"},{"startTime":956.844,"endTime":958.554,"body":"this, not so much yet."},{"startTime":958.644,"endTime":961.147,"body":"Uh, one of, my, uh,"},{"startTime":958.644,"endTime":961.147,"body":"studies looked at how."},{"startTime":962.207,"endTime":965.177,"body":"These Crow species"},{"startTime":962.207,"endTime":965.177,"body":"interacted with heat lamps."},{"startTime":965.237,"endTime":967.607,"body":"So this, this particular"},{"startTime":965.237,"endTime":967.607,"body":"Crow species, they're"},{"startTime":967.607,"endTime":969.077,"body":"called new Cal crows."},{"startTime":969.167,"endTime":971.354,"body":"And, maybe some people"},{"startTime":969.167,"endTime":971.354,"body":"have heard of them because"},{"startTime":971.354,"endTime":973.634,"body":"they're quite famous for"},{"startTime":971.354,"endTime":973.634,"body":"using tools in the wild."},{"startTime":973.639,"endTime":975.794,"body":"They're really reliant on"},{"startTime":973.639,"endTime":975.794,"body":"using these stick tools"},{"startTime":975.794,"endTime":978.884,"body":"often with hooks even, to"},{"startTime":975.794,"endTime":978.884,"body":"find, food in the forest."},{"startTime":979.237,"endTime":982.453,"body":"so, many years ago when I was,"},{"startTime":979.237,"endTime":982.453,"body":"working with them in, Germany."},{"startTime":982.573,"endTime":985.833,"body":"Uh, so they were there in an"},{"startTime":982.573,"endTime":985.833,"body":"Avery, I noticed that they"},{"startTime":985.833,"endTime":989.103,"body":"often use these stick tools"},{"startTime":985.833,"endTime":989.103,"body":"and, put them against heat"},{"startTime":989.103,"endTime":990.513,"body":"lamps and not just these sticks."},{"startTime":990.513,"endTime":992.613,"body":"We also had like these plastic"},{"startTime":990.513,"endTime":992.613,"body":"straws for experiments."},{"startTime":992.823,"endTime":994.083,"body":"They also push 'em"},{"startTime":992.823,"endTime":994.083,"body":"against heat lamps."},{"startTime":994.083,"endTime":997.45,"body":"I once, even a piece of food"},{"startTime":994.083,"endTime":997.45,"body":"that they put on heat lamp,"},{"startTime":997.45,"endTime":999.46,"body":"but of course it started again"},{"startTime":997.45,"endTime":999.46,"body":"brown and smell really bad."},{"startTime":999.46,"endTime":1001.23,"body":"So I had to, uh, so I"},{"startTime":999.46,"endTime":1001.23,"body":"had to take it away."},{"startTime":1001.56,"endTime":1003.09,"body":"So unfortunately I"},{"startTime":1001.56,"endTime":1003.09,"body":"couldn't film anything."},{"startTime":1003.173,"endTime":1005.393,"body":"and at the time I didn't"},{"startTime":1003.173,"endTime":1005.393,"body":"think so much of it just,"},{"startTime":1005.393,"endTime":1007.943,"body":"you know, one of many strange"},{"startTime":1005.393,"endTime":1007.943,"body":"things that these grows do."},{"startTime":1008.673,"endTime":1012.243,"body":"Um, but look, uh, looking back,"},{"startTime":1008.673,"endTime":1012.243,"body":"uh, I was very happy at Lisa."},{"startTime":1012.243,"endTime":1015.606,"body":"I took some pictures of the"},{"startTime":1012.243,"endTime":1015.606,"body":"burnt tools, and I have one"},{"startTime":1015.696,"endTime":1017.256,"body":"very poor quality video of it."},{"startTime":1017.886,"endTime":1020.826,"body":"Uh, so at this point, it's,"},{"startTime":1017.886,"endTime":1020.826,"body":"it's hard to say what really"},{"startTime":1020.826,"endTime":1023.466,"body":"happened, but so first of"},{"startTime":1020.826,"endTime":1023.466,"body":"all, these, this grows, they"},{"startTime":1023.466,"endTime":1025.236,"body":"really just enjoy using tools."},{"startTime":1025.356,"endTime":1028.146,"body":"Uh, they, they're using it"},{"startTime":1025.356,"endTime":1028.146,"body":"all the time to look in small"},{"startTime":1028.146,"endTime":1029.076,"body":"crevices and everything."},{"startTime":1029.076,"endTime":1031.416,"body":"And I think in this case"},{"startTime":1029.076,"endTime":1031.416,"body":"with the heat lamp, That"},{"startTime":1031.416,"endTime":1033.966,"body":"they probably recognize"},{"startTime":1031.416,"endTime":1033.966,"body":"that it's much too hot"},{"startTime":1034.08,"endTime":1035.736,"body":"to, touch with their beak."},{"startTime":1035.766,"endTime":1038.256,"body":"So that's dangerous, but"},{"startTime":1035.766,"endTime":1038.256,"body":"that they understand that"},{"startTime":1038.256,"endTime":1040.926,"body":"with these tools, they can"},{"startTime":1038.256,"endTime":1040.926,"body":"still interact with something"},{"startTime":1040.986,"endTime":1042.306,"body":"while keeping their distance."},{"startTime":1042.833,"endTime":1043.983,"body":"so that's, I think."},{"startTime":1044.371,"endTime":1046.23,"body":"one of these example behaviors"},{"startTime":1044.371,"endTime":1046.23,"body":"that must have been very"},{"startTime":1046.23,"endTime":1049.32,"body":"important for ancestors as well,"},{"startTime":1046.23,"endTime":1049.32,"body":"is that, you know, okay, this"},{"startTime":1049.35,"endTime":1051.45,"body":"thing in front of me is very"},{"startTime":1049.35,"endTime":1051.45,"body":"weird and it's moving and it's"},{"startTime":1051.45,"endTime":1054.78,"body":"hot and dangerous, but if I take"},{"startTime":1051.45,"endTime":1054.78,"body":"this stick, I can still interact"},{"startTime":1054.78,"endTime":1055.98,"body":"with it from a safe distance."},{"startTime":1056.07,"endTime":1060.46,"body":"Uh, and so with this study, it"},{"startTime":1056.07,"endTime":1060.46,"body":"kind of looks that these crows"},{"startTime":1060.5,"endTime":1063.386,"body":"which are so, unlike us in many"},{"startTime":1060.5,"endTime":1063.386,"body":"ways, you know, over 300 million"},{"startTime":1063.386,"endTime":1066.253,"body":"years of independent evolution,"},{"startTime":1063.386,"endTime":1066.253,"body":"that they can do it as well."},{"startTime":1066.253,"endTime":1066.683,"body":"And the."},{"startTime":1067.003,"endTime":1070.513,"body":"From a tropical island where"},{"startTime":1067.003,"endTime":1070.513,"body":"there's not much wildfire."},{"startTime":1071.039,"endTime":1074.67,"body":"So it, it really shows that to"},{"startTime":1071.039,"endTime":1074.67,"body":"have the flexibility to yeah."},{"startTime":1074.67,"endTime":1076.89,"body":"To change their behavior"},{"startTime":1074.67,"endTime":1076.89,"body":"in these changing"},{"startTime":1076.89,"endTime":1077.67,"body":"circumstances."},{"startTime":1078.468,"endTime":1081.828,"body":"And about this birds of pre"},{"startTime":1078.468,"endTime":1081.828,"body":"did you figure out why they"},{"startTime":1081.828,"endTime":1083.448,"body":"are spreading our wildfires?"},{"startTime":1084.138,"endTime":1086.448,"body":"Just for fun, revenge."},{"startTime":1086.478,"endTime":1086.988,"body":"I dunno."},{"startTime":1087.5,"endTime":1089.87,"body":"uh, well, that's, uh, something"},{"startTime":1087.5,"endTime":1089.87,"body":"I would really like to do"},{"startTime":1089.87,"endTime":1092.5,"body":"research on, but, so far haven't"},{"startTime":1089.87,"endTime":1092.5,"body":"been able, to go there yet."},{"startTime":1092.53,"endTime":1095.83,"body":"Um, and, this is something"},{"startTime":1092.53,"endTime":1095.83,"body":"that happened observ for a very"},{"startTime":1095.83,"endTime":1098.23,"body":"long time, but there's only"},{"startTime":1095.83,"endTime":1098.23,"body":"been described in scientific"},{"startTime":1098.38,"endTime":1099.7,"body":"literature a few years ago."},{"startTime":1100.27,"endTime":1103.24,"body":"Uh, so there were several"},{"startTime":1100.27,"endTime":1103.24,"body":"independent observations,"},{"startTime":1103.283,"endTime":1106.643,"body":"by scientists and lay"},{"startTime":1103.283,"endTime":1106.643,"body":"people and firefighters."},{"startTime":1107.713,"endTime":1110.533,"body":"That they often saw these birds"},{"startTime":1107.713,"endTime":1110.533,"body":"of pre in Australia, especially"},{"startTime":1110.533,"endTime":1112.993,"body":"in Northern Australia,"},{"startTime":1110.533,"endTime":1112.993,"body":"picking up burning sticks"},{"startTime":1112.993,"endTime":1114.073,"body":"and propping them elsewhere."},{"startTime":1114.643,"endTime":1116.623,"body":"And of course at first it"},{"startTime":1114.643,"endTime":1116.623,"body":"sounds very strange and"},{"startTime":1116.623,"endTime":1118.723,"body":"there's many people who"},{"startTime":1116.623,"endTime":1118.723,"body":"still don't believe it."},{"startTime":1119.331,"endTime":1121.635,"body":"But, first of all, there's"},{"startTime":1119.331,"endTime":1121.635,"body":"many animals that actually"},{"startTime":1121.755,"endTime":1125.175,"body":"are attracted to fire because"},{"startTime":1121.755,"endTime":1125.175,"body":"of course, fire is dangerous"},{"startTime":1125.175,"endTime":1127.515,"body":"for many other animals,"},{"startTime":1125.175,"endTime":1127.515,"body":"especially prey items."},{"startTime":1127.515,"endTime":1130.965,"body":"So if you hunt, uh, all these"},{"startTime":1127.515,"endTime":1130.965,"body":"escaping animals, then it's"},{"startTime":1130.965,"endTime":1134.265,"body":"great to go to fire and just,"},{"startTime":1130.965,"endTime":1134.265,"body":"uh, and then it's easy pickings."},{"startTime":1134.325,"endTime":1136.005,"body":"So that's what, uh,"},{"startTime":1134.325,"endTime":1136.005,"body":"these birds are prey in"},{"startTime":1136.005,"endTime":1136.965,"body":"Australia do as well."},{"startTime":1137.335,"endTime":1138.415,"body":"so why they."},{"startTime":1138.46,"endTime":1140.35,"body":"Pick up the burning sticks"},{"startTime":1138.46,"endTime":1140.35,"body":"and drop them elsewhere."},{"startTime":1140.47,"endTime":1143.413,"body":"It's hard to say without proper"},{"startTime":1140.47,"endTime":1143.413,"body":"research, but, if anything,"},{"startTime":1143.473,"endTime":1146.893,"body":"it would likely be just to"},{"startTime":1143.473,"endTime":1146.893,"body":"start a new fire to, to get"},{"startTime":1146.893,"endTime":1148.213,"body":"even more animals to escape."},{"startTime":1148.273,"endTime":1150.703,"body":"Because if you look at these"},{"startTime":1148.273,"endTime":1150.703,"body":"videos of all these birds of"},{"startTime":1150.703,"endTime":1154.193,"body":"prey around the fire, it's"},{"startTime":1150.703,"endTime":1154.193,"body":"so many, it's just crazy."},{"startTime":1154.193,"endTime":1156.403,"body":"How, How many birds you"},{"startTime":1154.193,"endTime":1156.403,"body":"see, flying near the fire."},{"startTime":1156.793,"endTime":1159.848,"body":"So I guess I don't really get"},{"startTime":1156.793,"endTime":1159.848,"body":"enough foods individually."},{"startTime":1159.848,"endTime":1162.638,"body":"So if someone figured out,"},{"startTime":1159.848,"endTime":1162.638,"body":"if I take a burning stick and"},{"startTime":1162.638,"endTime":1165.045,"body":"drop it elsewhere, I might"},{"startTime":1162.638,"endTime":1165.045,"body":"be able to get more foods."},{"startTime":1165.105,"endTime":1165.855,"body":"So that's kinda my"},{"startTime":1165.855,"endTime":1167.085,"body":"hypothesis, but of course,"},{"startTime":1167.145,"endTime":1169.095,"body":"uh, we didn't know until"},{"startTime":1167.145,"endTime":1169.095,"body":"someone looked into it."},{"startTime":1169.178,"endTime":1171.908,"body":"You know, in the fire science,"},{"startTime":1169.178,"endTime":1171.908,"body":"we also have this, research"},{"startTime":1172.038,"endTime":1176.628,"body":"on how, um, masses of air"},{"startTime":1172.038,"endTime":1176.628,"body":"are moving with wildfires and"},{"startTime":1176.928,"endTime":1180.738,"body":"wildfires being able to create"},{"startTime":1176.928,"endTime":1180.738,"body":"their own, um, weather even,"},{"startTime":1180.738,"endTime":1185.088,"body":"but the there's a thermal buoy"},{"startTime":1180.738,"endTime":1185.088,"body":"and plumes in over large fire."},{"startTime":1185.088,"endTime":1189.197,"body":"So it's also probably easier"},{"startTime":1185.088,"endTime":1189.197,"body":"for them to, High without"},{"startTime":1189.197,"endTime":1191.957,"body":"any effort because they"},{"startTime":1189.197,"endTime":1191.957,"body":"could be transferred by term."},{"startTime":1191.957,"endTime":1194.897,"body":"I wonder if they figured"},{"startTime":1191.957,"endTime":1194.897,"body":"that out too, but so far it"},{"startTime":1194.897,"endTime":1197.117,"body":"seems they've militarized"},{"startTime":1194.897,"endTime":1197.117,"body":"fire, which I don't like."},{"startTime":1197.807,"endTime":1202.487,"body":"that's I prepared the Crow,"},{"startTime":1197.807,"endTime":1202.487,"body":"not the bird of pray way, uh,"},{"startTime":1202.69,"endTime":1205.94,"body":"in your project, you said,"},{"startTime":1202.69,"endTime":1205.94,"body":"that it's, in the early,"},{"startTime":1206.06,"endTime":1209.18,"body":"in the early stages, but,"},{"startTime":1206.06,"endTime":1209.18,"body":"uh, I guess you already are"},{"startTime":1209.18,"endTime":1210.92,"body":"planning like your next steps."},{"startTime":1211.31,"endTime":1214.107,"body":"Uh, so I was really"},{"startTime":1211.31,"endTime":1214.107,"body":"wondering How does one"},{"startTime":1214.112,"endTime":1215.817,"body":"approach such a research?"},{"startTime":1215.847,"endTime":1216.717,"body":"I it's fascinating."},{"startTime":1216.717,"endTime":1218.877,"body":"How does one research,"},{"startTime":1216.717,"endTime":1218.877,"body":"such a thing?"},{"startTime":1219.237,"endTime":1220.887,"body":"How do you plan"},{"startTime":1219.237,"endTime":1220.887,"body":"your experiments?"},{"startTime":1220.887,"endTime":1223.257,"body":"What's are your next"},{"startTime":1220.887,"endTime":1223.257,"body":"steps in this project?"},{"startTime":1223.751,"endTime":1226.631,"body":"yeah, so it's quite difficult"},{"startTime":1223.751,"endTime":1226.631,"body":"for many reasons, of course."},{"startTime":1226.631,"endTime":1228.611,"body":"First, first of all,"},{"startTime":1226.631,"endTime":1228.611,"body":"you have the safety"},{"startTime":1228.611,"endTime":1230.908,"body":"issue with the fire, but"},{"startTime":1228.611,"endTime":1230.908,"body":"for example, what we're now"},{"startTime":1231.167,"endTime":1232.067,"body":"that very well in fire"},{"startTime":1232.067,"endTime":1232.487,"body":"science."},{"startTime":1232.678,"endTime":1232.948,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1233.717,"endTime":1233.927,"body":"we,"},{"startTime":1233.927,"endTime":1235.817,"body":"deal with that"},{"startTime":1233.927,"endTime":1235.817,"body":"problem all the time."},{"startTime":1236.103,"endTime":1236.463,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1236.493,"endTime":1239.613,"body":"So, so you don't wanna, you"},{"startTime":1236.493,"endTime":1239.613,"body":"don't want to expose the,"},{"startTime":1239.733,"endTime":1240.813,"body":"the animals to this either."},{"startTime":1241.243,"endTime":1244.79,"body":"so of course we have to be, very"},{"startTime":1241.243,"endTime":1244.79,"body":"careful with that, but, uh, for"},{"startTime":1244.79,"endTime":1247.453,"body":"example, what we do, with other"},{"startTime":1244.79,"endTime":1247.453,"body":"experiments with the birds is"},{"startTime":1247.453,"endTime":1250.39,"body":"that we just have, one of these"},{"startTime":1247.453,"endTime":1250.39,"body":"small, lighter blocks, you know,"},{"startTime":1250.51,"endTime":1252.79,"body":"uh, to, to lighter fireplace."},{"startTime":1253.15,"endTime":1256.223,"body":"And we, we have it, so outside"},{"startTime":1253.15,"endTime":1256.223,"body":"the Avery, so they can't"},{"startTime":1256.223,"endTime":1257.123,"body":"actually interact with it."},{"startTime":1257.693,"endTime":1260.663,"body":"Uh, so this is an experiment"},{"startTime":1257.693,"endTime":1260.663,"body":"I'm doing now with our Ravens,"},{"startTime":1260.753,"endTime":1262.193,"body":"uh, and it's quite similar to."},{"startTime":1262.963,"endTime":1265.703,"body":"To the study with the crows that"},{"startTime":1262.963,"endTime":1265.703,"body":"I mentioned is that, if there's"},{"startTime":1265.703,"endTime":1269.27,"body":"a fire on the outside of the"},{"startTime":1265.703,"endTime":1269.27,"body":"Avery, just a small flame and"},{"startTime":1269.27,"endTime":1272.48,"body":"there's food on the inside, you"},{"startTime":1269.27,"endTime":1272.48,"body":"know, when they can walk up and"},{"startTime":1272.48,"endTime":1275.73,"body":"pick it up, but they can also"},{"startTime":1272.48,"endTime":1275.73,"body":"use a tool, to stay further"},{"startTime":1275.73,"endTime":1278.34,"body":"away from, from the strange fire"},{"startTime":1275.73,"endTime":1278.34,"body":"that they're not familiar with."},{"startTime":1278.764,"endTime":1281.374,"body":"so that's, uh, one approach"},{"startTime":1278.764,"endTime":1281.374,"body":"and I mean, I don't have"},{"startTime":1281.374,"endTime":1283.114,"body":"the results yet, but it"},{"startTime":1281.374,"endTime":1283.114,"body":"looks quite promising."},{"startTime":1283.894,"endTime":1287.161,"body":"And, uh, and another study,"},{"startTime":1283.894,"endTime":1287.161,"body":"I'm very excited about is,"},{"startTime":1287.224,"endTime":1289.054,"body":"taking place in, uh, Japan."},{"startTime":1289.144,"endTime":1290.344,"body":"Uh, so there does the zoo."},{"startTime":1291.109,"endTime":1295.039,"body":"Where, where for over the"},{"startTime":1291.109,"endTime":1295.039,"body":"past 60 years, uh, Zuki have"},{"startTime":1295.039,"endTime":1298.489,"body":"been making this big bonfire"},{"startTime":1295.039,"endTime":1298.489,"body":"in the outdoor enclosure of"},{"startTime":1298.489,"endTime":1299.899,"body":"these Japanese mechanics."},{"startTime":1299.959,"endTime":1302.539,"body":"Uh, you might better know them"},{"startTime":1299.959,"endTime":1302.539,"body":"as, uh, Japanese, snow monkeys."},{"startTime":1303.356,"endTime":1306.596,"body":"so, so this happens, you"},{"startTime":1303.356,"endTime":1306.596,"body":"know, maybe a dozen time."},{"startTime":1307.002,"endTime":1307.392,"body":"winter."},{"startTime":1307.924,"endTime":1310.696,"body":"and then what the monkeys do"},{"startTime":1307.924,"endTime":1310.696,"body":"is they all, get closer to the"},{"startTime":1310.696,"endTime":1313.096,"body":"fire and they gather around,"},{"startTime":1310.696,"endTime":1313.096,"body":"especially when it's very cold."},{"startTime":1313.101,"endTime":1316.126,"body":"So they seem to wa to,"},{"startTime":1313.101,"endTime":1316.126,"body":"to warm themselves up."},{"startTime":1316.473,"endTime":1318.569,"body":"and they don't really"},{"startTime":1316.473,"endTime":1318.569,"body":"show any fear of the fire."},{"startTime":1318.569,"endTime":1321.079,"body":"So often when I look at"},{"startTime":1318.569,"endTime":1321.079,"body":"these videos, I get a bit"},{"startTime":1321.079,"endTime":1323.769,"body":"worried, but, it seems like,"},{"startTime":1321.079,"endTime":1323.769,"body":"you know, exactly sort of"},{"startTime":1323.769,"endTime":1324.999,"body":"what they can and can't do."},{"startTime":1325.689,"endTime":1328.667,"body":"Uh, and of course, The problem"},{"startTime":1325.689,"endTime":1328.667,"body":"with this is is that we"},{"startTime":1328.667,"endTime":1330.604,"body":"don't really know how they"},{"startTime":1328.667,"endTime":1330.604,"body":"behaved, in the very beginning,"},{"startTime":1330.604,"endTime":1331.504,"body":"you know, 60 years ago."},{"startTime":1331.504,"endTime":1333.544,"body":"But at least we know by now"},{"startTime":1331.504,"endTime":1333.544,"body":"this is true, you know, and"},{"startTime":1333.544,"endTime":1336.414,"body":"they of course have many, young"},{"startTime":1333.544,"endTime":1336.414,"body":"monkeys as well, and, which"},{"startTime":1336.419,"endTime":1337.717,"body":"are, exposed to this fire."},{"startTime":1337.717,"endTime":1341.437,"body":"But it seems like they're,"},{"startTime":1337.717,"endTime":1341.437,"body":"it seems like they learn fare"},{"startTime":1341.437,"endTime":1342.817,"body":"well, how to interact with it."},{"startTime":1342.907,"endTime":1344.857,"body":"Uh, so yeah, so"},{"startTime":1342.907,"endTime":1344.857,"body":"that's what we do now."},{"startTime":1344.857,"endTime":1347.287,"body":"We're just there and we are"},{"startTime":1344.857,"endTime":1347.287,"body":"filming these interactions with"},{"startTime":1347.287,"endTime":1350.107,"body":"the fire and then, you know,"},{"startTime":1347.287,"endTime":1350.107,"body":"looking at the videos and you"},{"startTime":1350.107,"endTime":1352.762,"body":"have to get these, different"},{"startTime":1350.107,"endTime":1352.762,"body":"behaviors from, from the videos."},{"startTime":1352.876,"endTime":1354.856,"body":"so that's what work"},{"startTime":1352.876,"endTime":1354.856,"body":"on now, but that's a"},{"startTime":1354.886,"endTime":1356.506,"body":"big part of, uh,"},{"startTime":1354.886,"endTime":1356.506,"body":"the current project."},{"startTime":1357.282,"endTime":1360.384,"body":"I love how you said that they"},{"startTime":1357.282,"endTime":1360.384,"body":"seem to not, be afraid of fire."},{"startTime":1360.744,"endTime":1364.093,"body":"I wonder, uh, now it's a"},{"startTime":1360.744,"endTime":1364.093,"body":"practical thing because as"},{"startTime":1364.093,"endTime":1367.269,"body":"fire engineers, we're also"},{"startTime":1364.093,"endTime":1367.269,"body":"like, developing, tools"},{"startTime":1367.269,"endTime":1370.453,"body":"to save, also animals in"},{"startTime":1367.269,"endTime":1370.453,"body":"buildings in, in, in wildfires."},{"startTime":1370.573,"endTime":1373.783,"body":"We also should care about"},{"startTime":1370.573,"endTime":1373.783,"body":"that aspect of fire."},{"startTime":1373.788,"endTime":1377.253,"body":"And it's interesting that some"},{"startTime":1373.788,"endTime":1377.253,"body":"animals can build, appreciation"},{"startTime":1377.253,"endTime":1379.263,"body":"even for fire and then not."},{"startTime":1380.188,"endTime":1382.574,"body":"Not be afraid of, that at all."},{"startTime":1382.814,"endTime":1385.334,"body":"Maybe we should call them the,"},{"startTime":1382.814,"endTime":1385.334,"body":"the Japanese fire monkeys from"},{"startTime":1385.334,"endTime":1390.914,"body":"now on . And, and have you"},{"startTime":1385.334,"endTime":1390.914,"body":"observed any like intentional"},{"startTime":1390.914,"endTime":1394.004,"body":"out, outside of not being"},{"startTime":1390.914,"endTime":1394.004,"body":"afraid and, and just using it"},{"startTime":1394.004,"endTime":1398.144,"body":"for forming any evidence of"},{"startTime":1394.004,"endTime":1398.144,"body":"like intentional use of fire"},{"startTime":1398.144,"endTime":1401.848,"body":"at primates, uh, already, or"},{"startTime":1398.144,"endTime":1401.848,"body":"it's later in your project."},{"startTime":1401.883,"endTime":1401.943,"body":"Hmm."},{"startTime":1402.654,"endTime":1403.134,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1403.311,"endTime":1406.307,"body":"So right now, it's still just,"},{"startTime":1403.311,"endTime":1406.307,"body":"just an observational study."},{"startTime":1406.307,"endTime":1408.317,"body":"So we are just there filming"},{"startTime":1406.307,"endTime":1408.317,"body":"what they do naturally."},{"startTime":1408.317,"endTime":1411.137,"body":"So we haven't planned any"},{"startTime":1408.317,"endTime":1411.137,"body":"experiments yet, but, uh, maybe"},{"startTime":1411.137,"endTime":1412.307,"body":"we'll do that in the future."},{"startTime":1412.771,"endTime":1415.471,"body":"but one thing that the"},{"startTime":1412.771,"endTime":1415.471,"body":"zookeepers do there, to Japan"},{"startTime":1415.471,"endTime":1418.231,"body":"monkey center is that before"},{"startTime":1415.471,"endTime":1418.231,"body":"they make big bonfire, they"},{"startTime":1418.261,"endTime":1421.351,"body":"take these sweet potatoes"},{"startTime":1418.261,"endTime":1421.351,"body":"and they put them underneath"},{"startTime":1421.351,"endTime":1422.101,"body":"where they built fire."},{"startTime":1422.101,"endTime":1424.771,"body":"So then they light fire"},{"startTime":1422.101,"endTime":1424.771,"body":"and after a few hours they"},{"startTime":1424.771,"endTime":1426.327,"body":"put fire out and, Yeah."},{"startTime":1426.327,"endTime":1428.467,"body":"And then they just, let"},{"startTime":1426.327,"endTime":1428.467,"body":"the monkeys take these"},{"startTime":1428.467,"endTime":1429.487,"body":"sweet potatoes course."},{"startTime":1429.487,"endTime":1430.177,"body":"They're still quite hot."},{"startTime":1430.627,"endTime":1431.887,"body":"So yeah."},{"startTime":1431.887,"endTime":1434.254,"body":"So you often see the"},{"startTime":1431.887,"endTime":1434.254,"body":"monkeys, rubbing their"},{"startTime":1434.254,"endTime":1435.852,"body":"hands, you know, on the"},{"startTime":1434.254,"endTime":1435.852,"body":"fur, like, Ooh, that's hot."},{"startTime":1436.311,"endTime":1439.371,"body":"Uh, and they're often even"},{"startTime":1436.311,"endTime":1439.371,"body":"walking over the hot calls."},{"startTime":1440.169,"endTime":1442.959,"body":"So often it looks quite risky,"},{"startTime":1440.169,"endTime":1442.959,"body":"but it seems like they're"},{"startTime":1443.079,"endTime":1445.269,"body":"careful enough, that they"},{"startTime":1443.079,"endTime":1445.269,"body":"know, you know, when do you"},{"startTime":1445.269,"endTime":1449.079,"body":"get burnt and when don't"},{"startTime":1445.269,"endTime":1449.079,"body":"you, uh, and that's probably"},{"startTime":1449.079,"endTime":1451.599,"body":"also one reason why they like"},{"startTime":1449.079,"endTime":1451.599,"body":"the fire, but already just"},{"startTime":1451.599,"endTime":1452.499,"body":"when the fire's built up."},{"startTime":1452.499,"endTime":1454.209,"body":"So they would have to"},{"startTime":1452.499,"endTime":1454.209,"body":"wait several hours before"},{"startTime":1454.214,"endTime":1455.349,"body":"they get the potatoes."},{"startTime":1455.349,"endTime":1457.449,"body":"They're already"},{"startTime":1455.349,"endTime":1457.449,"body":"gathering around."},{"startTime":1458.079,"endTime":1461.146,"body":"And, it seems to be the case"},{"startTime":1458.079,"endTime":1461.146,"body":"that when it's especially,"},{"startTime":1461.146,"endTime":1463.879,"body":"you know, wet and windy and"},{"startTime":1461.146,"endTime":1463.879,"body":"cold, that they sit closer"},{"startTime":1463.879,"endTime":1464.779,"body":"and also in bigger groups."},{"startTime":1464.779,"endTime":1468.019,"body":"So they often also fight over"},{"startTime":1464.779,"endTime":1468.019,"body":"access to the fire because"},{"startTime":1468.019,"endTime":1470.359,"body":"there's so many monkeys that"},{"startTime":1468.019,"endTime":1470.359,"body":"they don't all fit around fire"},{"startTime":1470.593,"endTime":1471.433,"body":"That's so cool."},{"startTime":1471.556,"endTime":1474.076,"body":"that's such a cool research"},{"startTime":1471.556,"endTime":1474.076,"body":"and they seem to understand,"},{"startTime":1474.076,"endTime":1477.453,"body":"uh, this improvement in food,"},{"startTime":1474.076,"endTime":1477.453,"body":"from processing, like you"},{"startTime":1477.458,"endTime":1478.653,"body":"mentioned this potato now"},{"startTime":1478.929,"endTime":1479.409,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1479.409,"endTime":1481.974,"body":"So it's, um, I mean,"},{"startTime":1479.409,"endTime":1481.974,"body":"it's hard to say what"},{"startTime":1481.974,"endTime":1483.024,"body":"they understand about it."},{"startTime":1483.264,"endTime":1486.554,"body":"Um, but in many ways it's,"},{"startTime":1483.264,"endTime":1486.554,"body":"it's very easy just because."},{"startTime":1487.994,"endTime":1490.844,"body":"Because after the fire, the"},{"startTime":1487.994,"endTime":1490.844,"body":"potatoes they get are just so"},{"startTime":1490.844,"endTime":1493.874,"body":"soft and easy chew, and they"},{"startTime":1490.844,"endTime":1493.874,"body":"are literally much sweeter"},{"startTime":1493.874,"endTime":1495.364,"body":"because of the, heating process."},{"startTime":1495.804,"endTime":1497.964,"body":"so in many ways you don't have"},{"startTime":1495.804,"endTime":1497.964,"body":"toand anything about the fire"},{"startTime":1497.964,"endTime":1501.147,"body":"other than, you know, when's"},{"startTime":1497.964,"endTime":1501.147,"body":"been in the fire, it gets"},{"startTime":1501.207,"endTime":1503.487,"body":"tastier and you don't have to"},{"startTime":1501.207,"endTime":1503.487,"body":"understand anything about how"},{"startTime":1503.492,"endTime":1505.927,"body":"it's better for you, how you"},{"startTime":1503.492,"endTime":1505.927,"body":"get more of the calories from"},{"startTime":1505.927,"endTime":1507.427,"body":"it, how it's issued to digest."},{"startTime":1508.137,"endTime":1509.367,"body":"None of these things, you"},{"startTime":1508.137,"endTime":1509.367,"body":"have to understand it,"},{"startTime":1509.367,"endTime":1511.107,"body":"just, this food stays here."},{"startTime":1511.107,"endTime":1513.967,"body":"So, that's why I learned to"},{"startTime":1511.107,"endTime":1513.967,"body":"really go for the cooked food."},{"startTime":1514.447,"endTime":1517.207,"body":"And that's likely how our well,"},{"startTime":1514.447,"endTime":1517.207,"body":"that they didn't know, you"},{"startTime":1517.207,"endTime":1519.697,"body":"know, of course the biological"},{"startTime":1517.207,"endTime":1519.697,"body":"benefits of cooking, cuz"},{"startTime":1519.702,"endTime":1522.187,"body":"that's quite, uh, that's quite"},{"startTime":1519.702,"endTime":1522.187,"body":"complicated to understand,"},{"startTime":1522.187,"endTime":1524.887,"body":"but just if the foods get"},{"startTime":1522.187,"endTime":1524.887,"body":"STAs, then that's a very simple"},{"startTime":1524.887,"endTime":1525.487,"body":"mechanism."},{"startTime":1525.836,"endTime":1527.936,"body":"I guess it also smells better."},{"startTime":1527.936,"endTime":1531.836,"body":"So that's an easy . I wonder"},{"startTime":1527.936,"endTime":1531.836,"body":"if the fact that we like the"},{"startTime":1531.836,"endTime":1535.466,"body":"smell of burn food is also a"},{"startTime":1531.836,"endTime":1535.466,"body":"evolutionary outcome of, of"},{"startTime":1535.496,"endTime":1537.236,"body":"that exposure to fire end."},{"startTime":1537.241,"endTime":1540.776,"body":"And I wonder if it smells better"},{"startTime":1537.241,"endTime":1540.776,"body":"for animals to my dog seems to"},{"startTime":1540.776,"endTime":1544.256,"body":"enjoy my food better than, than"},{"startTime":1540.776,"endTime":1544.256,"body":"unprocessed food for one thing."},{"startTime":1544.256,"endTime":1547.106,"body":"But I cannot, I'm not sure if"},{"startTime":1544.256,"endTime":1547.106,"body":"I can attribute that to his"},{"startTime":1547.106,"endTime":1548.876,"body":"understanding of fire  that's"},{"startTime":1549.076,"endTime":1549.196,"body":"for."},{"startTime":1549.407,"endTime":1549.857,"body":"maybe not."},{"startTime":1551.186,"endTime":1553.229,"body":"Um, Ivo thank you"},{"startTime":1551.186,"endTime":1553.229,"body":"very much for that."},{"startTime":1553.234,"endTime":1556.559,"body":"That was a really interesting"},{"startTime":1553.234,"endTime":1556.559,"body":"journey into, into world of,"},{"startTime":1556.589,"endTime":1559.259,"body":"of, uh, power recognition"},{"startTime":1556.589,"endTime":1559.259,"body":"and, and, uh, evolution"},{"startTime":1559.259,"endTime":1560.519,"body":"of understanding fire."},{"startTime":1560.969,"endTime":1564.613,"body":"And I think it's such a nice"},{"startTime":1560.969,"endTime":1564.613,"body":"subject to study and, as a"},{"startTime":1564.943,"endTime":1568.633,"body":"fire science community member,"},{"startTime":1564.943,"endTime":1568.633,"body":"I, I really enjoy looking"},{"startTime":1568.633,"endTime":1571.273,"body":"at this interdisciplinary"},{"startTime":1568.633,"endTime":1571.273,"body":"studies around."},{"startTime":1572.323,"endTime":1575.623,"body":"That are so profound, like"},{"startTime":1572.323,"endTime":1575.623,"body":"you are touching the, the very"},{"startTime":1575.773,"endTime":1577.393,"body":"first fire engineers there."},{"startTime":1577.793,"endTime":1581.693,"body":"so, I hope you, get far with"},{"startTime":1577.793,"endTime":1581.693,"body":"your research on the nature"},{"startTime":1581.803,"endTime":1583.573,"body":"cover or somewhere, somewhere."},{"startTime":1583.573,"endTime":1584.233,"body":"Nice."},{"startTime":1584.503,"endTime":1586.333,"body":"And, uh, yeah."},{"startTime":1586.333,"endTime":1587.923,"body":"Good, good luck with that."},{"startTime":1587.923,"endTime":1590.443,"body":"Uh, if, if someone, ah,"},{"startTime":1587.923,"endTime":1590.443,"body":"just one last question."},{"startTime":1590.443,"endTime":1593.113,"body":"If someone wanted to learn"},{"startTime":1590.443,"endTime":1593.113,"body":"more about this, maybe there's"},{"startTime":1593.113,"endTime":1596.203,"body":"some documentary series , or"},{"startTime":1593.113,"endTime":1596.203,"body":"some books to read that"},{"startTime":1596.323,"endTime":1597.736,"body":"someone could, , learn more."},{"startTime":1598.256,"endTime":1598.496,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1598.501,"endTime":1601.211,"body":"so I would say the number"},{"startTime":1598.501,"endTime":1601.211,"body":"one, , book on the topic is"},{"startTime":1601.216,"endTime":1603.911,"body":"written by Richard Reham,"},{"startTime":1601.216,"endTime":1603.911,"body":"who is a primatologist."},{"startTime":1603.991,"endTime":1606.544,"body":", and, uh, his book, is"},{"startTime":1603.991,"endTime":1606.544,"body":"called Catching Fire."},{"startTime":1606.614,"endTime":1608.624,"body":", uh, how cooking made us human."},{"startTime":1608.969,"endTime":1611.759,"body":"And it's maybe a little"},{"startTime":1608.969,"endTime":1611.759,"body":"bit outdated by now because"},{"startTime":1611.759,"endTime":1613.589,"body":"it's been a lot of research"},{"startTime":1611.759,"endTime":1613.589,"body":"on this topic, but the"},{"startTime":1613.589,"endTime":1614.909,"body":"general points still stand."},{"startTime":1614.909,"endTime":1618.236,"body":"So it's, as I said, mainly"},{"startTime":1614.909,"endTime":1618.236,"body":"about, the importa of cooking"},{"startTime":1618.236,"endTime":1621.789,"body":"and human evolution and he,"},{"startTime":1618.236,"endTime":1621.789,"body":"uh, has some nice examples as"},{"startTime":1621.789,"endTime":1623.106,"body":"well about, animal behavior."},{"startTime":1623.316,"endTime":1626.256,"body":"Uh, even though it's, it's"},{"startTime":1623.316,"endTime":1626.256,"body":"mostly some anecdotes,"},{"startTime":1626.856,"endTime":1628.806,"body":"um, have for the rest."},{"startTime":1629.124,"endTime":1629.366,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1629.366,"endTime":1631.736,"body":"It depends what kinda angle"},{"startTime":1629.366,"endTime":1631.736,"body":"your incident is because"},{"startTime":1631.976,"endTime":1634.136,"body":"there's many archeologists"},{"startTime":1631.976,"endTime":1634.136,"body":"writing about this."},{"startTime":1634.789,"endTime":1636.049,"body":"And I'm not an expert in that."},{"startTime":1636.065,"endTime":1640.836,"body":"really, uh, I did write an,"},{"startTime":1636.065,"endTime":1640.836,"body":"um, article for, uh, for Aon."},{"startTime":1640.878,"endTime":1644.083,"body":"it's a website, so essay"},{"startTime":1640.878,"endTime":1644.083,"body":"about this whole project."},{"startTime":1644.083,"endTime":1645.733,"body":"So if you're"},{"startTime":1644.083,"endTime":1645.733,"body":"interested to be sure"},{"startTime":1645.738,"endTime":1648.403,"body":"to check it out where, where"},{"startTime":1645.738,"endTime":1648.403,"body":"there's some references"},{"startTime":1648.403,"endTime":1649.333,"body":"and there's some more,"},{"startTime":1649.521,"endTime":1650.001,"body":"That's cool."},{"startTime":1650.001,"endTime":1650.991,"body":"I I'll link it into"},{"startTime":1650.991,"endTime":1654.471,"body":"footnotes of, of course that's,"},{"startTime":1650.991,"endTime":1654.471,"body":"that's, that's really cool."},{"startTime":1654.831,"endTime":1657.528,"body":"And, , once your research"},{"startTime":1654.831,"endTime":1657.528,"body":"is, majored enough, you're"},{"startTime":1657.533,"endTime":1660.258,"body":"very welcome to publish in"},{"startTime":1657.533,"endTime":1660.258,"body":"some of the fire engineering"},{"startTime":1660.258,"endTime":1661.458,"body":"journals on your findings."},{"startTime":1661.458,"endTime":1665.175,"body":"I'm pretty, I'm pretty sure"},{"startTime":1661.458,"endTime":1665.175,"body":"it, it would be well received."},{"startTime":1665.535,"endTime":1668.045,"body":"Ivo Thank you very"},{"startTime":1665.535,"endTime":1668.045,"body":"much for your time."},{"startTime":1668.375,"endTime":1671.945,"body":"I, I really enjoyed learn"},{"startTime":1668.375,"endTime":1671.945,"body":"about bio recognition and"},{"startTime":1671.945,"endTime":1675.275,"body":"yeah, man, all the best"},{"startTime":1671.945,"endTime":1675.275,"body":"in your further journey."},{"startTime":1675.376,"endTime":1675.556,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1675.6,"endTime":1675.939,"body":"thanks."},{"startTime":1675.939,"endTime":1677.496,"body":"It was, really fun,"},{"startTime":1675.939,"endTime":1677.496,"body":"uh, chatting with you."},{"startTime":1678.833,"endTime":1681.323,"body":"And this is for this"},{"startTime":1678.833,"endTime":1681.323,"body":"short fun summer episode"},{"startTime":1681.323,"endTime":1682.283,"body":"of fire science show."},{"startTime":1682.643,"endTime":1685.373,"body":"I hope you've enjoyed this"},{"startTime":1682.643,"endTime":1685.373,"body":"twist in the fire science while"},{"startTime":1685.373,"endTime":1687.053,"body":"it certainly will size a fire."},{"startTime":1687.413,"endTime":1690.738,"body":"In, Just in a very different"},{"startTime":1687.413,"endTime":1690.738,"body":"way that we deal normal with."},{"startTime":1691.158,"endTime":1693.708,"body":"I hope that opened some"},{"startTime":1691.158,"endTime":1693.708,"body":"questions in your heads and"},{"startTime":1693.708,"endTime":1696.528,"body":"you start perceiving the"},{"startTime":1693.708,"endTime":1696.528,"body":"history of fire much more."},{"startTime":1696.768,"endTime":1698.868,"body":"For me, it was a"},{"startTime":1696.768,"endTime":1698.868,"body":"shocker to learn that."},{"startTime":1699.348,"endTime":1701.928,"body":"Fire has literally changed"},{"startTime":1699.348,"endTime":1701.928,"body":"the human adult to me."},{"startTime":1702.228,"endTime":1705.918,"body":"F and maybe if not fire, we"},{"startTime":1702.228,"endTime":1705.918,"body":"would not be where we are today."},{"startTime":1705.918,"endTime":1708.048,"body":"Maybe I would not be able"},{"startTime":1705.918,"endTime":1708.048,"body":"to recall this podcast."},{"startTime":1708.128,"endTime":1710.798,"body":"That's really, really"},{"startTime":1708.128,"endTime":1710.798,"body":"intriguing to see how big"},{"startTime":1710.798,"endTime":1712.568,"body":"impact fire had on our lives."},{"startTime":1712.618,"endTime":1714.688,"body":"And now also doing"},{"startTime":1712.618,"endTime":1714.688,"body":"research on the firewall."},{"startTime":1714.718,"endTime":1718.048,"body":"It's nice to recognize"},{"startTime":1714.718,"endTime":1718.048,"body":"we're doing research on I"},{"startTime":1718.048,"endTime":1720.418,"body":"think so, so fundamental."},{"startTime":1720.778,"endTime":1721.828,"body":"Through the humanity."},{"startTime":1722.188,"endTime":1722.608,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":1723.277,"endTime":1725.197,"body":"It's I feel really"},{"startTime":1723.277,"endTime":1725.197,"body":"out of comfort zone."},{"startTime":1725.467,"endTime":1729.127,"body":"Recoding this episode, there is"},{"startTime":1725.467,"endTime":1729.127,"body":"not much more I can add to this."},{"startTime":1729.127,"endTime":1730.927,"body":"It was just a great"},{"startTime":1729.127,"endTime":1730.927,"body":"conversation then."},{"startTime":1731.227,"endTime":1734.527,"body":"I'm looking up to read up the"},{"startTime":1731.227,"endTime":1734.527,"body":"book that Ivo recommended."},{"startTime":1735.007,"endTime":1738.727,"body":"Because I certainly must say"},{"startTime":1735.007,"endTime":1738.727,"body":"I'm intrigued by this topic."},{"startTime":1739.117,"endTime":1740.947,"body":"So, yeah, that is it for today."},{"startTime":1741.097,"endTime":1744.457,"body":"And next week, we're"},{"startTime":1741.097,"endTime":1744.457,"body":"back to fire engineering"},{"startTime":1744.457,"endTime":1747.577,"body":"routine and I have great"},{"startTime":1744.457,"endTime":1747.577,"body":"lineup of guests coming."},{"startTime":1747.967,"endTime":1751.207,"body":"So I hoped you see"},{"startTime":1747.967,"endTime":1751.207,"body":"you here next week."},{"startTime":1751.237,"endTime":1752.077,"body":"Next Wednesday."},{"startTime":1752.527,"endTime":1753.637,"body":"See the bye."}]}