{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":0.049,"endTime":0.619,"body":"Hello, everybody."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":0.679,"endTime":2.359,"body":"Welcome to the fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":0.679,"endTime":2.359,"body":"science show session."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2.389,"endTime":3.609,"body":"75 grade JV here."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":4.129,"endTime":6.649,"body":"Today's a very exciting"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":4.129,"endTime":6.649,"body":"episode for me, because"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":6.649,"endTime":7.709,"body":"we're going to talk about."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":8.509,"endTime":11.359,"body":"Spacecraft fire safety"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":8.509,"endTime":11.359,"body":"and fires in space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":11.389,"endTime":12.209,"body":"That's something that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":12.843,"endTime":13.323,"body":"Or at least the."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":14.013,"endTime":16.707,"body":"The space travel is"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":14.013,"endTime":16.707,"body":"something that was with me"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":16.707,"endTime":20.217,"body":"through my entire life and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":16.707,"endTime":20.217,"body":"always loved rockets and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":20.217,"endTime":22.707,"body":"spaceships and space travel."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":22.737,"endTime":23.097,"body":"And."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":23.337,"endTime":25.947,"body":"Now I got to talk"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":23.337,"endTime":25.947,"body":"Someone from NASA."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":25.947,"endTime":26.627,"body":"That's that's amazing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":27.267,"endTime":28.317,"body":"I've invited Dr."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":28.617,"endTime":31.167,"body":"David Urban from NASA"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":28.617,"endTime":31.167,"body":"Glenn Research Center,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":31.677,"endTime":35.097,"body":"who has been involved with"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":31.677,"endTime":35.097,"body":"multiple space exploration"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":35.097,"endTime":37.027,"body":"missions and fire safety of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":37.797,"endTime":41.367,"body":"Developing a five safety of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":37.797,"endTime":41.367,"body":"spacecraft and also researching"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":41.367,"endTime":44.124,"body":"fires in micro gravity in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":41.367,"endTime":44.124,"body":"low Gravity environments."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":44.124,"endTime":47.34,"body":"So you're very knowledgeable"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":44.124,"endTime":47.34,"body":"person about how does the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":47.34,"endTime":50.19,"body":"practice of delivering fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":47.34,"endTime":50.19,"body":"safety to space objects or"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":50.22,"endTime":52.74,"body":"spacecraft look Amazing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":52.74,"endTime":56.97,"body":"And, uh, it's, it's super fun"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":52.74,"endTime":56.97,"body":"because, This would take for"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":56.97,"endTime":59.37,"body":"granted that smoke goes upward."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":59.43,"endTime":60.27,"body":"Well, forget about it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":60.3,"endTime":60.34,"body":"It"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":61.14,"endTime":61.83,"body":"No gravity."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":62.28,"endTime":64.08,"body":"I loved everything about it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":64.08,"endTime":66.99,"body":"So I really hope you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":64.08,"endTime":66.99,"body":"will enjoy this episode."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":66.99,"endTime":69.49,"body":"Maybe less practical than usual"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":66.99,"endTime":69.49,"body":"Fire Science Show episodes,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":69.49,"endTime":71.49,"body":"but definitely on the."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":71.91,"endTime":75.6,"body":"upper boundary of excitement"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":71.91,"endTime":75.6,"body":"and interesting facts"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":75.6,"endTime":76.56,"body":"about fire science."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":77.017,"endTime":79.507,"body":"So, yeah, very, very"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":77.017,"endTime":79.507,"body":"An hour of your time."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":79.867,"endTime":82.297,"body":"But before we jump into the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":79.867,"endTime":82.297,"body":"episode, I wanted to share"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":82.657,"endTime":84.097,"body":"some stuff about the podcast."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":84.097,"endTime":86.017,"body":"So I've introduced a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":84.097,"endTime":86.017,"body":"new, interesting thing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":86.077,"endTime":86.857,"body":"Uh, for you."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":87.397,"endTime":92.326,"body":"I have opened ask me anything"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":87.397,"endTime":92.326,"body":"part on the, on the site."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":92.964,"endTime":95.337,"body":"It's a place in the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":92.964,"endTime":95.337,"body":"website of the, podcast at."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":96.167,"endTime":99.317,"body":"You can actually send me a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":96.167,"endTime":99.317,"body":"voicemail in that voicemail."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":99.347,"endTime":102.587,"body":"You can send Either a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":99.347,"endTime":102.587,"body":"question, a commentary, a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":102.587,"endTime":105.137,"body":"view on something that we've"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":102.587,"endTime":105.137,"body":"discussed on the podcast."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":105.167,"endTime":107.357,"body":"You know, I want"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":105.167,"endTime":107.357,"body":"to hear your voice."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":107.357,"endTime":109.907,"body":"I want to hear what you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":107.357,"endTime":109.907,"body":"have to say about what"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":109.907,"endTime":111.137,"body":"you've heard on the podcast."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":111.137,"endTime":113.507,"body":"And maybe you disagree"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":111.137,"endTime":113.507,"body":"with something."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":113.507,"endTime":114.827,"body":"Maybe you agree with something."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":114.827,"endTime":118.137,"body":"Maybe some things need some"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":114.827,"endTime":118.137,"body":"different point of view, maybe."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":118.454,"endTime":120.794,"body":"In your professional experience."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":120.824,"endTime":122.744,"body":"Uh, something works"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":120.824,"endTime":122.744,"body":"completely different."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":122.744,"endTime":125.894,"body":"Or maybe you can tell us about"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":122.744,"endTime":125.894,"body":"how to use the technology that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":125.894,"endTime":127.784,"body":"we have discussed on the show."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":127.784,"endTime":131.024,"body":"And we have not covered in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":127.784,"endTime":131.024,"body":"a, in a way that, So I'm,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":131.024,"endTime":134.204,"body":"I'm super curious about what"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":131.024,"endTime":134.204,"body":"you have to say and what"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":134.204,"endTime":135.194,"body":"you would like to comment."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":135.584,"endTime":136.814,"body":"I want this to be."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":137.264,"endTime":139.904,"body":"Something that would be"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":137.264,"endTime":139.904,"body":"a monthly, let's say."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":140.039,"endTime":141.514,"body":"No, no pressure there."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":141.544,"endTime":145.174,"body":"I'll do it as often as you want,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":141.544,"endTime":145.174,"body":"but let's start with a monthly."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":145.234,"endTime":148.924,"body":"Ask me anything sessions where"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":145.234,"endTime":148.924,"body":"I will record an additional,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":148.961,"endTime":151.087,"body":"podcast episode that will"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":148.961,"endTime":151.087,"body":"air on the end of the month."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":151.687,"endTime":154.177,"body":"In which I will play"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":151.687,"endTime":154.177,"body":"these questions."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":154.177,"endTime":155.347,"body":"I'll try to answer them."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":155.347,"endTime":156.757,"body":"I'll player, either commentary."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":157.147,"endTime":158.817,"body":"I'll try to discuss with them."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":159.757,"endTime":162.937,"body":"If it touches some points"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":159.757,"endTime":162.937,"body":"that were on previous"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":162.937,"endTime":165.217,"body":"podcast episodes, I'll"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":162.937,"endTime":165.217,"body":"try to invite the guests."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":165.817,"endTime":169.297,"body":"To give a short answer to the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":165.817,"endTime":169.297,"body":"questions or commensory posed."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":169.327,"endTime":172.597,"body":"So I think it could be quite"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":169.327,"endTime":172.597,"body":"a nice opportunity to, to have"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":172.627,"endTime":173.517,"body":"a discussion with you all."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":173.917,"endTime":177.307,"body":"And see what you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":173.917,"endTime":177.307,"body":"like about the show?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":177.307,"endTime":177.617,"body":"What you."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":177.94,"endTime":179.53,"body":"don't like about the episodes."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":179.56,"endTime":181.12,"body":"What are your points of view?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":181.12,"endTime":185.11,"body":"Because from the letters"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":181.12,"endTime":185.11,"body":"I get You have very often"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":185.11,"endTime":186.79,"body":"very, very good points."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":186.79,"endTime":189.73,"body":"And from the discussions on"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":186.79,"endTime":189.73,"body":"Twitter, LinkedIn, So many"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":189.73,"endTime":192.25,"body":"interesting aspects that are"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":189.73,"endTime":192.25,"body":"happening around the episodes."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":192.25,"endTime":195.794,"body":"And of course, I'm just"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":192.25,"endTime":195.794,"body":"covering one point Uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":195.794,"endTime":197.107,"body":"it's my point of view."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":197.107,"endTime":198.487,"body":"I don't know yours."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":198.757,"endTime":199.897,"body":"So, so here's the chance."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":200.137,"endTime":204.667,"body":"So yours is also given then"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":200.137,"endTime":204.667,"body":"aerospace in the podcast."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":204.667,"endTime":205.927,"body":"And if you like it, if it works."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":206.467,"endTime":209.377,"body":"We're eventually going to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":206.467,"endTime":209.377,"body":"increase the language of the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":209.857,"endTime":212.917,"body":"incoming voicemails may be"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":209.857,"endTime":212.917,"body":"increased intensivity of that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":213.577,"endTime":216.217,"body":"I hope you like this"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":213.577,"endTime":216.217,"body":"way of participating."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":216.247,"endTime":216.367,"body":"Oh."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":216.367,"endTime":218.827,"body":"And if you're stressed about"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":216.367,"endTime":218.827,"body":"like sending a voicemail,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":219.217,"endTime":221.647,"body":"As I will air in here, you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":219.217,"endTime":221.647,"body":"can always just send me a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":221.647,"endTime":224.844,"body":"text message through the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":221.647,"endTime":224.844,"body":"common On the podcast website."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":224.844,"endTime":227.354,"body":"So either way it will reach"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":224.844,"endTime":227.354,"body":"me and I'll try to work with"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":228.174,"endTime":231.444,"body":"So very looking forward to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":228.174,"endTime":231.444,"body":"your commentary, to your"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":231.534,"endTime":232.754,"body":"questions, to your opinions."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":233.634,"endTime":235.884,"body":"And looking forward to, to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":233.634,"endTime":235.884,"body":"recall them this additional"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":235.914,"endTime":239.154,"body":"podcast episode for you to,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":235.914,"endTime":239.154,"body":"to have a way to discuss"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":240.024,"endTime":240.92,"body":"And, now."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":241.31,"endTime":243.734,"body":"Well, I am as a lengthy"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":241.31,"endTime":243.734,"body":"introduction and there's a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":243.734,"endTime":244.634,"body":"hell of a grade that both."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":244.664,"endTime":248.504,"body":"Cause that'd be so just after"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":244.664,"endTime":248.504,"body":"that, Music so let's not prolong"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":248.504,"endTime":251.264,"body":"this anymore let's spin the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":248.504,"endTime":251.264,"body":"intro and jump into the episode"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":274.606,"endTime":275.486,"body":"Hello everybody."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":275.486,"endTime":276.526,"body":"Welcome to Fire Science Show."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":276.666,"endTime":277.966,"body":"I'm today here with Dr."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":277.966,"endTime":281.726,"body":"David Urban, Chief LTX Low"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":277.966,"endTime":281.726,"body":"Gravity Exploration Technology"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":281.726,"endTime":283.686,"body":"branch at NASA hello, David."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":283.686,"endTime":284.726,"body":"It's great to have"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":283.686,"endTime":284.726,"body":"you in the podcast."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":285.116,"endTime":285.676,"body":"Hello."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":285.676,"endTime":286.636,"body":"It's really great to be here."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":286.636,"endTime":287.766,"body":"I enjoy your, show"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":287.963,"endTime":288.643,"body":"Thank you so much."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":288.643,"endTime":291.853,"body":"I'm so, uh, so excited, overly"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":288.643,"endTime":291.853,"body":"excited, audience will, will"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":291.853,"endTime":294.406,"body":"find this disturbing, uh, the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":291.853,"endTime":294.406,"body":"amount of extension in my voice"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":294.406,"endTime":298.948,"body":"because I'm, The second besting,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":294.406,"endTime":298.948,"body":"after fire is, is spacecraft."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":298.948,"endTime":301.588,"body":"And in my childhood, this"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":298.948,"endTime":301.588,"body":"was probably the opposite."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":301.608,"endTime":303.491,"body":"And I always wanted"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":301.608,"endTime":303.491,"body":"to be an astronaut."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":303.491,"endTime":305.971,"body":"Now I'm fire scientist is"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":303.491,"endTime":305.971,"body":"a decent path of career."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":306.228,"endTime":309.728,"body":"But boy, uh, being a fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":306.228,"endTime":309.728,"body":"scientist at NASA must be,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":309.898,"endTime":312.378,"body":"very interesting path actually."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":312.378,"endTime":314.298,"body":"How, how did you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":312.378,"endTime":314.298,"body":"end up doing this?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":314.681,"endTime":317.861,"body":"did you always wondered how,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":314.681,"endTime":317.861,"body":"how it will be to set the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":317.861,"endTime":320.381,"body":"things on fire in space or"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":317.861,"endTime":320.381,"body":"what, what brought you to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":320.381,"endTime":321.341,"body":"the position you are today?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":321.621,"endTime":325.431,"body":"Well, it was, um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":321.621,"endTime":325.431,"body":"as a graduate student, I focused"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":325.431,"endTime":326.935,"body":"on combustion, phenomena."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":327.075,"endTime":329.495,"body":"And, but in that case"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":327.075,"endTime":329.495,"body":"it was for oil recovery."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":330.035,"endTime":330.455,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":330.455,"endTime":334.455,"body":"then my graduate work, my post,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":330.455,"endTime":334.455,"body":"sorry, was, um, It's basically"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":334.455,"endTime":336.655,"body":"an air pollution issue with,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":334.455,"endTime":336.655,"body":"you know, from petroleum."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":337.235,"endTime":340.135,"body":"And, um, then I was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":337.235,"endTime":340.135,"body":"for jobs in combustion."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":340.135,"endTime":344.091,"body":"I had the wonderful opportunity"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":340.135,"endTime":344.091,"body":"to, be recruited by NASA Glen."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":344.631,"endTime":347.771,"body":"And when I came on, it was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":344.631,"endTime":347.771,"body":"primarily the focus was more"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":347.771,"endTime":352.118,"body":"on fundamental combustion,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":347.771,"endTime":352.118,"body":"in low gravity and with a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":352.118,"endTime":355.757,"body":"side, line of, uh, fire safety"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":352.118,"endTime":355.757,"body":"over time that shifted to."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":355.835,"endTime":358.745,"body":"My work being primarily, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":355.835,"endTime":358.745,"body":"fire safety, basically our"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":358.745,"endTime":361.865,"body":"fire safety with a sideline of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":358.745,"endTime":361.865,"body":"fundamental combustion, I guess"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":361.865,"endTime":362.665,"body":"is the way to describe"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":362.665,"endTime":362.865,"body":"it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":362.885,"endTime":363.153,"body":"But"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":363.335,"endTime":366.185,"body":"it's always been"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":363.335,"endTime":366.185,"body":"really exciting, both the being"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":366.185,"endTime":368.465,"body":"able to contribute to the space"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":366.185,"endTime":368.465,"body":"program, but also to be able"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":368.465,"endTime":371.465,"body":"to participate in some really"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":368.465,"endTime":371.465,"body":"exciting experiments where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":371.465,"endTime":374.671,"body":"we make, uh, what's normally"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":371.465,"endTime":374.671,"body":"a constant gravity variable."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":375.411,"endTime":377.321,"body":"changes things, turns"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":375.411,"endTime":377.321,"body":"things on his head."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":377.405,"endTime":379.055,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":377.405,"endTime":379.055,"body":"if you want to increase the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":379.055,"endTime":381.455,"body":"acceleration on the ground,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":379.055,"endTime":381.455,"body":"you have this spinning tools"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":381.455,"endTime":382.895,"body":"that allow you to do that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":383.478,"endTime":385.668,"body":"if you rotate them other"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":383.478,"endTime":385.668,"body":"way, it doesn't reduce"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":385.668,"endTime":387.068,"body":"the gravity  no more."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":387.278,"endTime":390.498,"body":"So the, the space for"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":387.278,"endTime":390.498,"body":"low gravity place to do"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":390.498,"endTime":394.018,"body":"experiments on earth is,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":390.498,"endTime":394.018,"body":"is very limited, let's say."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":394.94,"endTime":397.832,"body":"In the history of space"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":394.94,"endTime":397.832,"body":"exploration, fire is a part"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":397.832,"endTime":400.716,"body":"of history,  also in a,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":397.832,"endTime":400.716,"body":"in a kind of tragic way."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":400.816,"endTime":404.336,"body":"And, I know the, the, the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":400.816,"endTime":404.336,"body":"story of Apollo one where,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":404.346,"endTime":408.939,"body":"um, the astronaut crew, has,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":404.346,"endTime":408.939,"body":"uh, died during a fire on"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":408.939,"endTime":411.779,"body":"the ground actually, and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":408.939,"endTime":411.779,"body":"I, I know these stories."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":411.994,"endTime":415.554,"body":"Change the way how space"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":411.994,"endTime":415.554,"body":"industry works, um,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":415.664,"endTime":417.034,"body":"with relation to fire."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":417.044,"endTime":419.154,"body":"So maybe we can start there."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":419.154,"endTime":424.661,"body":"How this tragic even shaped the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":419.154,"endTime":424.661,"body":"fire safety, view of, of, of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":424.661,"endTime":428.101,"body":"NASA or, or space exploration"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":424.661,"endTime":428.101,"body":"agencies in, in general."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":428.101,"endTime":430.781,"body":"Maybe you can bring our"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":428.101,"endTime":430.781,"body":"listeners a little closer"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":430.781,"endTime":434.321,"body":"to what happened during the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":430.781,"endTime":434.321,"body":"Apollo one and, and how it"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":434.321,"endTime":436.401,"body":"influenced, uh, everything"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":434.321,"endTime":436.401,"body":"that happened later on."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":436.424,"endTime":438.494,"body":"So,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":436.424,"endTime":438.494,"body":"yeah, it was in 1967."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":438.714,"endTime":442.327,"body":"And, prior to that, I mean,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":438.714,"endTime":442.327,"body":"there were some accidents in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":442.327,"endTime":445.839,"body":"oxygen chambers that Might"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":442.327,"endTime":445.839,"body":"have given people, warning."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":445.909,"endTime":448.642,"body":"I mean, there's a, fatal"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":445.909,"endTime":448.642,"body":"accident in the Soviet"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":448.642,"endTime":450.442,"body":"chamber, 1961, but,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":450.462,"endTime":451.272,"body":"it's generally"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":451.272,"endTime":451.952,"body":"agreed that NASA"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":451.972,"endTime":454.552,"body":"did, didn't appreciate"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":451.972,"endTime":454.552,"body":"the hazard due to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":454.562,"endTime":456.912,"body":"uh, fire and enhanced,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":454.562,"endTime":456.912,"body":"particularly enhanced oxygen."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":457.692,"endTime":460.112,"body":"And in the rush, there's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":457.692,"endTime":460.112,"body":"so many challenges."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":461.122,"endTime":464.132,"body":"To do, uh, the spacecraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":461.122,"endTime":464.132,"body":"that, they did not have good"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":464.132,"endTime":466.272,"body":"control of the materials in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":464.132,"endTime":466.272,"body":"the spacecraft, uh, cabin."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":467.092,"endTime":471.306,"body":"And so then on a ground test,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":467.092,"endTime":471.306,"body":"uh, so they were in, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":471.306,"endTime":472.146,"body":"the challenges."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":472.146,"endTime":474.822,"body":"The, um, up through Apollo, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":472.146,"endTime":474.822,"body":"spacecraft were pure oxygen."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":475.112,"endTime":478.102,"body":"Um, there in flight, in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":475.112,"endTime":478.102,"body":"flight it was only about"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":478.102,"endTime":478.902,"body":"three and a half pounds."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":479.046,"endTime":479.829,"body":"Uh, total pressure."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":480.289,"endTime":485.039,"body":"But on the surface, Because of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":480.289,"endTime":485.039,"body":"the del uh, outside pressure,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":485.409,"endTime":488.079,"body":"uh, it was fif, you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":485.409,"endTime":488.079,"body":"near sea level, uh, little"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":488.079,"endTime":491.079,"body":"above sea air, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":488.079,"endTime":491.079,"body":"one atmosphere."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":491.539,"endTime":492.879,"body":"And so then they"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":492.879,"endTime":493.079,"body":"Had"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":493.079,"endTime":496.857,"body":"a small arcing event inside"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":493.079,"endTime":496.857,"body":"the spacecraft, and, There's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":496.857,"endTime":498.381,"body":"a large amount of, nylon"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":498.381,"endTime":502.021,"body":"netting holding uhto and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":498.381,"endTime":502.021,"body":"whatnot in place, and it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":502.021,"endTime":505.701,"body":"ignited that nylon netting and,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":502.021,"endTime":505.701,"body":"uh, that fire spread rapidly."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":506.254,"endTime":510.862,"body":"And, um, there are also issues"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":506.254,"endTime":510.862,"body":"with the cabin door, which was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":510.862,"endTime":512.462,"body":"not readily opened with, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":513.222,"endTime":515.142,"body":"internal pressure and so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":513.222,"endTime":515.142,"body":"they were not able to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":515.392,"endTime":517.062,"body":"uh, escape in any in time."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":517.642,"endTime":520.502,"body":"And so they crew were"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":517.642,"endTime":520.502,"body":"overwhelmed by the fumes"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":520.502,"endTime":522.822,"body":"before the fire, uh, ultimately"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":520.502,"endTime":522.822,"body":"ruptured the vehicle."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":523.481,"endTime":526.821,"body":"So it totally changed NASA's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":523.481,"endTime":526.821,"body":"perception of the fire risk."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":527.137,"endTime":531.054,"body":"and other agencies, did"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":527.137,"endTime":531.054,"body":"likewise have now very strict"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":531.334,"endTime":534.351,"body":"material controls and a lot of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":531.334,"endTime":534.351,"body":"the attention is paid to, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":534.351,"endTime":537.491,"body":"ignitability of the materials"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":534.351,"endTime":537.491,"body":"in the spacecraft, and also the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":537.491,"endTime":538.691,"body":"atmosphere in the spacecraft."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":539.214,"endTime":541.204,"body":"in essence"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":539.214,"endTime":541.204,"body":"oxygen is something you need"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":541.204,"endTime":542.304,"body":"because people need to breathe."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":542.324,"endTime":546.351,"body":"And, providing this, this"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":542.324,"endTime":546.351,"body":"pure oxygen, I guess it's for"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":546.351,"endTime":549.084,"body":"some reason, uh, optimally"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":546.351,"endTime":549.084,"body":"in, in a, spacecraft, you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":549.084,"endTime":549.971,"body":"have it under, pressure."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":549.971,"endTime":551.451,"body":"You, you cannot remove that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":551.851,"endTime":554.075,"body":"You cannot really"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":551.851,"endTime":554.075,"body":"ventilate the space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":554.456,"endTime":555.916,"body":"You cannot evacuate easily."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":555.916,"endTime":559.636,"body":"That's also thing, I guess"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":555.916,"endTime":559.636,"body":"we'll touch it there later on."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":559.636,"endTime":561.276,"body":"So you really need to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":559.636,"endTime":561.276,"body":"control the materials."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":561.456,"endTime":564.396,"body":"The second fire that I've,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":561.456,"endTime":564.396,"body":"I've read on, uh, when"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":564.556,"endTime":567.796,"body":"preparing for the episode was"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":564.556,"endTime":567.796,"body":"the fire on the MIR  station,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":567.976,"endTime":569.696,"body":"the, old, Soviet station."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":569.721,"endTime":572.799,"body":"that after sky up the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":569.721,"endTime":572.799,"body":"second big outposts of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":572.999,"endTime":574.319,"body":"humanity in into space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":574.546,"endTime":576.033,"body":"do, do you recall that fire or,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":576.153,"endTime":579.196,"body":"Yeah, I, I had"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":576.153,"endTime":579.196,"body":"the fortune to be part of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":579.196,"endTime":580.516,"body":"the post-fire investigation"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":580.516,"endTime":580.876,"body":"team."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":581.326,"endTime":585.036,"body":"Um, so I traveled to Moscow"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":581.326,"endTime":585.036,"body":"with, uh, some other people."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":585.036,"endTime":587.469,"body":"Cause the, um, particularly,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":585.036,"endTime":587.469,"body":"it was particularly important"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":587.469,"endTime":590.189,"body":"because that, uh, oxygen"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":587.469,"endTime":590.189,"body":"generation system, it was the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":590.189,"endTime":593.309,"body":"BA is the backup for the IS"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":590.189,"endTime":593.309,"body":"International Space Station."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":593.459,"endTime":594.599,"body":"the one that burns,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":594.974,"endTime":597.784,"body":"Yeah, and it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":594.974,"endTime":597.784,"body":"a system used in commercial"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":598.144,"endTime":598.344,"body":"aircraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":598.401,"endTime":602.934,"body":"and in submarines, it's uh, a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":598.401,"endTime":602.934,"body":"perchlorate, in the aircraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":602.934,"endTime":605.894,"body":"it's sodium perchlorate and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":602.934,"endTime":605.894,"body":"uh, that little mass pops down."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":605.894,"endTime":606.294,"body":"There's little"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":606.294,"endTime":607.294,"body":"cartridges above your head"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":607.294,"endTime":610.894,"body":"of sodium perchlorate that gets"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":607.294,"endTime":610.894,"body":"triggered off and, uh, reacts"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":610.894,"endTime":612.294,"body":"ex etherically making oxygen."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":613.154,"endTime":614.814,"body":"And likewise, in."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":615.389,"endTime":619.449,"body":"The spacecraft, the, um, Russian"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":615.389,"endTime":619.449,"body":"system uses lithium perchlorate"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":619.592,"endTime":624.899,"body":"and it ends up being for mass"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":619.592,"endTime":624.899,"body":"and, long term storage trades"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":624.899,"endTime":626.419,"body":"better than oxygen tanks."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":626.772,"endTime":630.472,"body":"and so it's very popular"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":626.772,"endTime":630.472,"body":"again on spacecraft and,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":630.472,"endTime":633.556,"body":"uh, again on submarines"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":630.472,"endTime":633.556,"body":"and so, The problem was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":633.826,"endTime":636.836,"body":"it's, you've got a, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":633.826,"endTime":636.836,"body":"know, exothermic system with"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":636.836,"endTime":638.556,"body":"producing, uh, pure oxygen."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":638.942,"endTime":640.802,"body":"you know, one, one"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":638.942,"endTime":640.802,"body":"could never know what"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":640.802,"endTime":641.842,"body":"the actual cause was,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":641.842,"endTime":643.242,"body":"but it's pretty clear"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":643.242,"endTime":644.162,"body":"that it was contamination."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":644.162,"endTime":646.049,"body":"of the, materials"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":644.162,"endTime":646.049,"body":"inside the canister."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":646.049,"endTime":649.589,"body":"And so it ignited, it was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":646.049,"endTime":649.589,"body":"dramatically frightening,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":649.839,"endTime":653.622,"body":"uh, vast amount of smoke"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":649.839,"endTime":653.622,"body":"and, apparently shooting."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":654.127,"endTime":655.327,"body":"Moulton's metal"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":655.587,"endTime":656.407,"body":"out the end."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":657.037,"endTime":659.827,"body":"we did a bunch of similar"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":657.037,"endTime":659.827,"body":"ones, but they're h one's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":659.827,"endTime":661.107,"body":"different, so one cannot"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":661.107,"endTime":661.587,"body":"be Sure."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":661.587,"endTime":663.907,"body":"exactly how theirs proceeded,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":661.587,"endTime":663.907,"body":"but, uh, some of the ones"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":663.907,"endTime":666.467,"body":"we saw on the ground were"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":663.907,"endTime":666.467,"body":"quite threatening if you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":666.467,"endTime":669.22,"body":"were in a volume the size"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":666.467,"endTime":669.22,"body":"of a school bus or something"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":669.22,"endTime":670.057,"body":"with, with us."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":670.624,"endTime":672.564,"body":"You said"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":670.624,"endTime":672.564,"body":"the first, after the, the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":672.564,"endTime":676.921,"body":"Apollo disaster, a lot of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":672.564,"endTime":676.921,"body":"influence was put on, materials."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":676.921,"endTime":679.784,"body":"So, does this mean only in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":676.921,"endTime":679.784,"body":"combustible materials apply"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":679.784,"endTime":683.001,"body":"to space or there is certain,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":679.784,"endTime":683.001,"body":"like how do you approach the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":683.001,"endTime":684.841,"body":"flammability, uh, problem?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":684.841,"endTime":687.561,"body":"You, you have your own,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":684.841,"endTime":687.561,"body":"uh, ways to test the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":687.681,"endTime":688.561,"body":"materials to approve them."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":688.784,"endTime":691.344,"body":"for, since that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":688.784,"endTime":691.344,"body":"period, NASA settled on an"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":691.344,"endTime":695.344,"body":"upward fla abilities test, where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":691.344,"endTime":695.344,"body":"the, uh, material is subjected,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":695.365,"endTime":696.837,"body":"uh, in its, thinnest form."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":696.837,"endTime":698.597,"body":"They want to use it in the worst"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":698.597,"endTime":699.397,"body":"Case atmosphere."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":699.397,"endTime":701.717,"body":"is subjected to a very"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":699.397,"endTime":701.717,"body":"strong ignition source."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":702.337,"endTime":704.567,"body":"And, uh, then there's a maximum"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":705.047,"endTime":707.407,"body":"distance it can burn after"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":705.047,"endTime":707.407,"body":"the ignition source burns out."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":707.794,"endTime":708.724,"body":"that's deemed"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":708.724,"endTime":708.884,"body":"to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":708.899,"endTime":710.039,"body":"Pretty conservative."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":710.729,"endTime":713.799,"body":"Uh, you know, nothing change"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":710.729,"endTime":713.799,"body":"the conditions, anything will"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":713.799,"endTime":717.679,"body":"burn just about, you know, Uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":713.799,"endTime":717.679,"body":"but it, uh, separates all the,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":718.049,"endTime":719.559,"body":"uh, highly flammable objects."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":719.579,"endTime":724.049,"body":"And then if it passes that test,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":719.579,"endTime":724.049,"body":"you can use extensively without"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":724.049,"endTime":724.809,"body":"any restrictions."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":725.019,"endTime":727.912,"body":"If it fails that test,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":725.019,"endTime":727.912,"body":"then strict controls are"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":727.912,"endTime":729.552,"body":"put in place and many"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":729.552,"endTime":731.989,"body":"things do fail to think"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":729.552,"endTime":731.989,"body":"clothing, towels, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":731.989,"endTime":733.669,"body":"know, paper all fail."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":733.689,"endTime":734.749,"body":"And Ziploc bags."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":734.849,"endTime":738.336,"body":"But, they're deemed necessary,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":734.849,"endTime":738.336,"body":"but they, control how many"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":738.336,"endTime":741.416,"body":"of them you have and where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":738.336,"endTime":741.416,"body":"they're stored, you know, And"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":741.416,"endTime":744.376,"body":"so you can't have a whole ton"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":741.416,"endTime":744.376,"body":"of Ziploc bags everywhere out."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":744.376,"endTime":745.976,"body":"They keep an eye on that,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":746.06,"endTime":747.657,"body":"I, I"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":746.06,"endTime":747.657,"body":"always wondered if, uh, Scott"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":747.657,"endTime":752.097,"body":"Kelly's Monkey costume on,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":747.657,"endTime":752.097,"body":"on SS was, uh, was fireproof"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":753.032,"endTime":753.112,"body":"probably"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":753.222,"endTime":754.312,"body":"almost certainly not."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":754.482,"endTime":754.832,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":754.917,"endTime":756.517,"body":"was, I was that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":756.517,"endTime":756.837,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":756.947,"endTime":757.437,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":757.437,"endTime":758.357,"body":"Fair, fair point."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":758.967,"endTime":761.717,"body":"Um, there's so many"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":758.967,"endTime":761.717,"body":"things, uh, I want to ask."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":761.717,"endTime":764.397,"body":"We, we will go into fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":761.717,"endTime":764.397,"body":"engineering spacecraft"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":764.397,"endTime":765.797,"body":"in this episode for sure."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":766.057,"endTime":768.884,"body":"But first one thing that,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":766.057,"endTime":768.884,"body":"I would love to ask is"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":768.984,"endTime":770.404,"body":"the combustion in space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":770.404,"endTime":771.364,"body":"In microgravity."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":772.094,"endTime":775.701,"body":"I think, uh, most"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":772.094,"endTime":775.701,"body":"people recollect this."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":776.094,"endTime":779.399,"body":"Picture, I think it was a candle"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":776.094,"endTime":779.399,"body":"flame, uh, on a space station."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":779.399,"endTime":781.639,"body":"This beautiful circle or flame."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":781.649,"endTime":785.359,"body":"It, it's an iconic image for,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":781.649,"endTime":785.359,"body":"for fire scientists, I guess."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":785.359,"endTime":787.879,"body":"And, uh, I've seen it"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":785.359,"endTime":787.879,"body":"multiple times in, in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":788.119,"endTime":789.359,"body":"multiple different places."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":789.529,"endTime":790.469,"body":"So, let's talk."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":790.959,"endTime":793.122,"body":"How fire burns in, space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":793.122,"endTime":795.602,"body":"It must be different,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":793.122,"endTime":795.602,"body":"like on the ground."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":795.602,"endTime":799.602,"body":"It's, it's very driven by"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":795.602,"endTime":799.602,"body":"buoyancy, by the turbulent flow"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":799.602,"endTime":803.209,"body":"that, this, um, buoyant upwards"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":799.602,"endTime":803.209,"body":"movement of flame creates."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":803.209,"endTime":805.489,"body":"Even in your fire test, you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":803.209,"endTime":805.489,"body":"said it's a vertical setting,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":805.539,"endTime":808.736,"body":"so you're also very reliant"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":805.539,"endTime":808.736,"body":"on, on convective, heat"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":809.136,"endTime":811.216,"body":"transfer from the they, I"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":809.136,"endTime":811.216,"body":"guess and, and stuff like that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":811.216,"endTime":814.976,"body":"But in space, wow, this, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":811.216,"endTime":814.976,"body":"gravity is zero or close to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":814.976,"endTime":816.699,"body":"zero, so you don't have that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":816.709,"endTime":817.035,"body":"So,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":817.035,"endTime":817.482,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":817.541,"endTime":819.871,"body":"Tell me"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":817.541,"endTime":819.871,"body":"the physics of, of the flame."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":820.081,"endTime":821.474,"body":"Uh, how does it work?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":821.614,"endTime":823.304,"body":"so that was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":821.614,"endTime":823.304,"body":"an, that photo was taken on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":823.304,"endTime":824.424,"body":"the Mere Space Station by,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":824.434,"endTime":824.784,"body":"Uh"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":824.784,"endTime":827.304,"body":"the astronaut Shannon Lucid"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":824.784,"endTime":827.304,"body":"with, uh, collaborating"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":827.304,"endTime":830.234,"body":"with, uh, Daniel Dietrich"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":827.304,"endTime":830.234,"body":"and Professor Jim t at, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":830.234,"endTime":831.674,"body":"case on that experiment."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":832.254,"endTime":834.914,"body":"And, uh, it was really is a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":832.254,"endTime":834.914,"body":"cool image cause it really"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":834.914,"endTime":837.554,"body":"demonstrates, you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":834.914,"endTime":837.554,"body":"everybody knows on earth, a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":837.554,"endTime":838.834,"body":"candle knows which way's up."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":839.134,"endTime":840.914,"body":"And you turn the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":839.134,"endTime":840.914,"body":"candle, the flame always"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":840.914,"endTime":841.394,"body":"points up."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":841.394,"endTime":841.914,"body":"It's amazing."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":841.967,"endTime":842.557,"body":"in space."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":843.197,"endTime":843.907,"body":"Is no up."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":844.117,"endTime":848.467,"body":"So the shape it assumes is a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":844.117,"endTime":848.467,"body":"blue hemisphere, and, uh, and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":848.467,"endTime":850.907,"body":"in that case it's dominated"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":848.467,"endTime":850.907,"body":"by diffusion because there"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":850.907,"endTime":854.241,"body":"is, um, you've got a step on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":850.907,"endTime":854.241,"body":"flow, the expanding vapor, from"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":854.241,"endTime":856.407,"body":"the, flame and uh, counter."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":856.534,"endTime":859.104,"body":"that's what the oxidizer"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":856.534,"endTime":859.104,"body":"has to an oxygen has to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":859.424,"endTime":862.161,"body":"diffuse inward of the product"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":859.424,"endTime":862.161,"body":"stream to support the flame."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":862.444,"endTime":863.784,"body":"And so you."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":864.409,"endTime":867.522,"body":"With no flow in low zero"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":864.409,"endTime":867.522,"body":"gravity, you're gonna get"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":867.522,"endTime":869.402,"body":"beautiful one dimensional"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":867.522,"endTime":869.402,"body":"spherical flames."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":869.402,"endTime":872.072,"body":"And we have some really cool,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":869.402,"endTime":872.072,"body":"images We've used, uh, both"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":872.072,"endTime":875.272,"body":"spherical droplet flames and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":872.072,"endTime":875.272,"body":"um, spherical burner flames"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":875.272,"endTime":878.072,"body":"to study details of the flame"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":875.272,"endTime":878.072,"body":"chemistry that you really"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":878.072,"endTime":879.272,"body":"couldn't do easily on earth."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":879.452,"endTime":883.859,"body":"so if there's no flow, then it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":879.452,"endTime":883.859,"body":"becomes a pure diffusion system."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":884.126,"endTime":887.356,"body":"but before the alarms go off"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":884.126,"endTime":887.356,"body":"in a spacecraft, there's."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":887.871,"endTime":890.461,"body":"We always have flow to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":887.871,"endTime":890.461,"body":"keep the air mixed up so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":890.461,"endTime":892.901,"body":"the crew doesn't, isn't"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":890.461,"endTime":892.901,"body":"breathing a pocket of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":892.901,"endTime":894.101,"body":"carbon dioxide, for example."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":894.641,"endTime":898.061,"body":"And so, uh, there's a low"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":894.641,"endTime":898.061,"body":"speed turbulent flow in the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":898.061,"endTime":899.221,"body":"space station at all times."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":899.514,"endTime":902.787,"body":"And so, in the presence of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":899.514,"endTime":902.787,"body":"flow, then yeah, there is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":902.787,"endTime":905.647,"body":"no, buoyant flow, but there"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":902.787,"endTime":905.647,"body":"is the force flow and it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":905.925,"endTime":909.051,"body":"Typical range is on the order"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":905.925,"endTime":909.051,"body":"of 20 centimeters a second"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":909.581,"endTime":911.211,"body":"in a spacecraft, which is,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":911.541,"endTime":914.964,"body":"um, below what you'd get, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":911.541,"endTime":914.964,"body":"from a buoyant, flow in one G."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":915.327,"endTime":916.261,"body":"And, so really"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":916.261,"endTime":918.824,"body":"you're in a different regime of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":916.261,"endTime":918.824,"body":"burning, where the, you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":918.824,"endTime":921.544,"body":"buoyant flow brings in oxygen,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":918.824,"endTime":921.544,"body":"but it also takes out energy."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":921.964,"endTime":924.824,"body":"And so the, it cools the flame"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":921.964,"endTime":924.824,"body":"at the same time so you can,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":924.824,"endTime":927.954,"body":"that's, there's, a u-shaped"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":924.824,"endTime":927.954,"body":"flammability boundary where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":928.364,"endTime":932.366,"body":"at higher velocities, uh, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":928.364,"endTime":932.366,"body":"flame will blow off and then you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":932.366,"endTime":935.912,"body":"come down to the bottom and the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":932.366,"endTime":935.912,"body":"lower side it loses, basically,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":935.912,"endTime":937.432,"body":"um, quenches we call it where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":937.572,"endTime":939.112,"body":"the heat loss puts it out."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":939.722,"endTime":943.506,"body":"So, in space, the fire risk"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":939.722,"endTime":943.506,"body":"is always worse when there's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":943.506,"endTime":946.506,"body":"the flow is on, which is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":943.506,"endTime":946.506,"body":"before you've detected it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":947.156,"endTime":948.582,"body":"And it's a pure oxygen"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":948.582,"endTime":950.222,"body":"setting or a mixture,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":950.497,"endTime":951.134,"body":"Well, that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":951.134,"endTime":951.494,"body":"varies."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":952.784,"endTime":955.968,"body":"In the, um, before the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":952.784,"endTime":955.968,"body":"Apollo era, it was all,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":956.021,"endTime":958.511,"body":"pure oxygen include up"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":956.021,"endTime":958.511,"body":"through the Apollo era."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":958.841,"endTime":961.711,"body":"It was pure oxygen at low"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":958.841,"endTime":961.711,"body":"pressure, uh, against the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":961.711,"endTime":964.911,"body":"human physi physiology,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":961.711,"endTime":964.911,"body":"response to partial pressure of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":964.911,"endTime":966.671,"body":"oxygen, not the concentration."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":967.101,"endTime":969.701,"body":"whereas the, uh, fires"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":967.101,"endTime":969.701,"body":"is, you know, primarily"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":969.701,"endTime":970.141,"body":"respond."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":970.141,"endTime":970.301,"body":"to."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":970.776,"endTime":974.446,"body":"The concentration because,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":970.776,"endTime":974.446,"body":"the nitrogen will take away"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":974.446,"endTime":976.726,"body":"energy and will interfere"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":974.446,"endTime":976.726,"body":"with reaction progress."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":977.259,"endTime":978.919,"body":"but humans need a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":977.259,"endTime":978.919,"body":"partial pressure."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":979.689,"endTime":983.639,"body":"So the, uh, it's simpler to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":979.689,"endTime":983.639,"body":"have a one gas system than a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":983.639,"endTime":985.079,"body":"two gas system and a spacecraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":985.079,"endTime":988.712,"body":"So the poly is all, um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":985.079,"endTime":988.712,"body":"and four, all one gas Now,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":988.894,"endTime":991.804,"body":"Uh, Sky Lab was a different,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":988.894,"endTime":991.804,"body":"um, intermediate condition,"},{"speaker":"David 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Urban","startTime":1006.357,"endTime":1009.547,"body":"uh, concentration oxygen"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1006.357,"endTime":1009.547,"body":"on the lunar habitats,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1009.697,"endTime":1011.523,"body":"to, um, enable more."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1011.571,"endTime":1012.971,"body":"extra vehicular activity."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1012.971,"endTime":1014.011,"body":"The crew wants to go"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1014.011,"endTime":1014.971,"body":"outside and there's space suit."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1015.151,"endTime":1016.131,"body":"The space suits."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1016.577,"endTime":1019.822,"body":"You know, very low"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1016.577,"endTime":1019.822,"body":"pressure about, uh, sorry."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1019.822,"endTime":1022.502,"body":"You're, uh, it's three"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1019.822,"endTime":1022.502,"body":"and a half pounds, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1022.502,"endTime":1023.862,"body":"partial, uh, pressure in the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1023.937,"endTime":1024.647,"body":"Oh my God."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1025.272,"endTime":1026.182,"body":"uh, pure oxygen"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1026.877,"endTime":1028.407,"body":"I'll recalculate that to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1028.427,"endTime":1028.917,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1029.007,"endTime":1032.557,"body":"So uh, I have to, I forgot,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1029.007,"endTime":1032.557,"body":"I calculate, So it's a co"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1032.599,"endTime":1033.974,"body":"fifth of an atmosphere, mid"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1033.974,"endTime":1034.854,"body":"24."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1034.854,"endTime":1035.334,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1035.437,"endTime":1038.137,"body":"and that's to allow mobility"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1035.437,"endTime":1038.137,"body":"in the space suits, which are"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1038.137,"endTime":1038.337,"body":"soft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1038.357,"endTime":1040.497,"body":"And so if it's, it was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1038.357,"endTime":1040.497,"body":"at one atmosphere, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1040.497,"endTime":1041.057,"body":"wouldn't be able to move."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1041.316,"endTime":1042.839,"body":"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1041.316,"endTime":1042.839,"body":"and you'll probably bounce"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1042.839,"endTime":1044.079,"body":"like crazy from everything"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1044.316,"endTime":1045.816,"body":"And, uh, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1044.316,"endTime":1045.816,"body":"problem is if you go from sea"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1045.816,"endTime":1048.216,"body":"level air to that condition, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1045.816,"endTime":1048.216,"body":"can get decompression sickness."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1048.659,"endTime":1049.569,"body":"So they have to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1049.569,"endTime":1050.129,"body":"pre-brief."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1050.536,"endTime":1053.806,"body":"to prevent that, they want"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1050.536,"endTime":1053.806,"body":"to have a less oxygen in the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1053.806,"endTime":1057.339,"body":"cabin, and to do so, they,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1053.806,"endTime":1057.339,"body":"I mean less nitrogen, sorry."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1057.439,"endTime":1059.892,"body":"And so the, uh, that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1057.439,"endTime":1059.892,"body":"makes it more dangerous."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1059.892,"endTime":1064.612,"body":"So it's gonna be about, uh, 37%"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1059.892,"endTime":1064.612,"body":"oxygen, um, on the habitats."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1065.007,"endTime":1066.207,"body":"amount"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1065.007,"endTime":1066.207,"body":"of, the amount of science"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1066.207,"endTime":1068.487,"body":"and consideration that goes"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1066.207,"endTime":1068.487,"body":"even for, for this simple"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1068.577,"endTime":1070.287,"body":"setting is, is mind blowing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1070.557,"endTime":1073.527,"body":"I wanted to, uh, I, I have a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1070.557,"endTime":1073.527,"body":"follow up question about the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1073.527,"endTime":1075.678,"body":"oxygen, but I must come back"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1073.527,"endTime":1075.678,"body":"to the candle for a second."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1075.691,"endTime":1076.631,"body":"Why is it blue?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1077.152,"endTime":1078.722,"body":"well, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1077.152,"endTime":1078.722,"body":"blue means there's no sort"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1079.142,"endTime":1082.266,"body":"and, uh, the, uh, that's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1079.142,"endTime":1082.266,"body":"the subject of some, um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1082.316,"endTime":1084.026,"body":"in completely studied,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1082.316,"endTime":1084.026,"body":"I guess I would say."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1084.026,"endTime":1086.622,"body":"But in that case, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1084.026,"endTime":1086.622,"body":"the, flame has slowed down"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1086.622,"endTime":1090.449,"body":"enough, um, because it's just"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1086.622,"endTime":1090.449,"body":"surviving on, the diffusion"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1090.449,"endTime":1091.569,"body":"of oxygen into the flame."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1092.019,"endTime":1094.369,"body":"So the overall, the temperature"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1092.019,"endTime":1094.369,"body":"dropped to the point"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1094.369,"endTime":1095.449,"body":"where, uh, it doesn't form."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1095.994,"endTime":1098.784,"body":"It doesn't form sot and so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1095.994,"endTime":1098.784,"body":"it doesn't, the combination"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1098.784,"endTime":1101.664,"body":"of tempera in residence time"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1098.784,"endTime":1101.664,"body":"is not adequate to make."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1101.834,"endTime":1104.204,"body":"I wonder"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1101.834,"endTime":1104.204,"body":"is, is the flame thicker?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1104.204,"endTime":1106.964,"body":"And by flame I mean"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1104.204,"endTime":1106.964,"body":"these, this exact space in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1106.964,"endTime":1107.844,"body":"which directions happen."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1108.274,"endTime":1112.021,"body":"I, many people don't know that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1108.274,"endTime":1112.021,"body":"and even fire researchers, do"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1112.021,"endTime":1114.941,"body":"not appreciate the fact that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1112.021,"endTime":1114.941,"body":"that flame is a hollow inside."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1114.941,"endTime":1116.101,"body":"There's nothing"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1114.941,"endTime":1116.101,"body":"inside the flame."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1116.171,"endTime":1117.341,"body":"It's just like a."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1118.046,"endTime":1120.736,"body":"I like to call it iso"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1118.046,"endTime":1120.736,"body":"surface of combustion, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1120.916,"endTime":1122.056,"body":"the shape of the flame."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1122.236,"endTime":1125.816,"body":"And I once tested it by putting"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1122.236,"endTime":1125.816,"body":"my iPhone inside, and I've"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1125.816,"endTime":1129.096,"body":"recorded it from inside and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1125.816,"endTime":1129.096,"body":"it went viral on social media."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1129.596,"endTime":1130.776,"body":"The phone survived."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1131.066,"endTime":1136.096,"body":"So I, I wonder, , I wonder if,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1131.066,"endTime":1136.096,"body":"if this, uh, spark flame, if the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1136.096,"endTime":1139.416,"body":"actual place where directions"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1136.096,"endTime":1139.416,"body":"take place, is it like thicker"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1139.756,"endTime":1142.639,"body":"and, is it hotter than in,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1139.756,"endTime":1142.639,"body":"in, in like a candle flame?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1142.871,"endTime":1144.709,"body":"well we didn't"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1142.871,"endTime":1144.709,"body":"have good temperature profile"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1144.709,"endTime":1147.509,"body":"measurements in there, but we,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1144.709,"endTime":1147.509,"body":"uh, believe it to be colder."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1147.919,"endTime":1148.269,"body":"Um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1148.399,"endTime":1152.629,"body":"so, um, flame zone, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1148.399,"endTime":1152.629,"body":"know, where the actual peak"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1152.909,"endTime":1154.702,"body":"reaction rate, uh, region, is."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1154.898,"endTime":1156.101,"body":"Presumably thicker."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1156.101,"endTime":1158.341,"body":"And so than it would"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1156.101,"endTime":1158.341,"body":"be in one G, it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1158.341,"endTime":1160.501,"body":"tends to expand, have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1158.341,"endTime":1160.501,"body":"to expand outward."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1160.501,"endTime":1163.701,"body":"It's further away from the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1160.501,"endTime":1163.701,"body":"fuel typically than in a one"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1163.701,"endTime":1166.744,"body":"G situation because the flame"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1163.701,"endTime":1166.744,"body":"boundary is looking for the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1166.744,"endTime":1169.984,"body":"balance of, um, fuel and oxygen"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1166.744,"endTime":1169.984,"body":"at still geometric proportion."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1170.324,"endTime":1172.421,"body":"And that tends to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1170.324,"endTime":1172.421,"body":"go further out."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1172.421,"endTime":1174.661,"body":"And then what happens is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1172.421,"endTime":1174.661,"body":"the flame gets so large"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1174.661,"endTime":1176.821,"body":"that it loses energy"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1174.661,"endTime":1176.821,"body":"by radiation and it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1177.662,"endTime":1179.986,"body":"but, the, yeah, typical"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1177.662,"endTime":1179.986,"body":"candle flame, the flame"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1179.986,"endTime":1181.546,"body":"itself is outside the part."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1181.546,"endTime":1184.586,"body":"You can see it, the, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1181.546,"endTime":1184.586,"body":"high temperature zone is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1184.586,"endTime":1187.746,"body":"just outside the visible"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1184.586,"endTime":1187.746,"body":"bright, so region which is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1187.746,"endTime":1188.986,"body":"captured inside the flame."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1189.076,"endTime":1191.506,"body":"Uh, so, which is all very"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1189.076,"endTime":1191.506,"body":"counterintuitive to people."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1191.632,"endTime":1191.946,"body":"so,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1192.601,"endTime":1193.091,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1193.091,"endTime":1193.737,"body":"That, the thing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1193.737,"endTime":1196.617,"body":"The deeper you go into"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1193.737,"endTime":1196.617,"body":"fire science, the, the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1196.617,"endTime":1198.137,"body":"more of that you realize."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1198.527,"endTime":1200.737,"body":"Okay, let's go back to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1198.527,"endTime":1200.737,"body":"the oxygen question."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1201.187,"endTime":1202.987,"body":"you told me it's 20"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1201.187,"endTime":1202.987,"body":"centimeters per second."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1203.177,"endTime":1206.147,"body":"I did a quick, uh, back of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1203.177,"endTime":1206.147,"body":"an envelope calculations."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1206.642,"endTime":1210.521,"body":"if we just assume a square meter"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1206.642,"endTime":1210.521,"body":"of space if it's pure oxygen,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1210.541,"endTime":1214.121,"body":"you would have enough oxygen"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1210.541,"endTime":1214.121,"body":"transported through that square"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1214.121,"endTime":1215.361,"body":"meter, which is large service."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1215.956,"endTime":1217.936,"body":"For like 400 kilowatts of fire."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1218.186,"endTime":1223.096,"body":"If it's a 38% mixture, it"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1218.186,"endTime":1223.096,"body":"would be 200 ish kilowatts."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1223.436,"endTime":1226.856,"body":"And I remember in reading in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1223.436,"endTime":1226.856,"body":"one of your papers there, you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1226.856,"endTime":1230.056,"body":"were testing realistic fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1226.856,"endTime":1230.056,"body":"scenarios for a space vehicle."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1230.436,"endTime":1232.896,"body":"And the, there was a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1230.436,"endTime":1232.896,"body":"sentence used that we"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1232.896,"endTime":1233.736,"body":"have tested a large."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1234.626,"endTime":1236.366,"body":"The fire was actually"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1234.626,"endTime":1236.366,"body":"50 kilowatts."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1236.386,"endTime":1237.366,"body":"And I'm like, Wow."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1237.366,"endTime":1241.206,"body":"This from, for, from space"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1237.366,"endTime":1241.206,"body":"perspective, this is considered"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1241.206,"endTime":1243.486,"body":"a large fire, which is"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1241.206,"endTime":1243.486,"body":"very interesting for me."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1243.566,"endTime":1247.646,"body":"50 kilowatts is, is an ignition"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1243.566,"endTime":1247.646,"body":"source, not a fire yet."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1247.646,"endTime":1251.006,"body":"You know, it's a, it's a trash"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1247.646,"endTime":1251.006,"body":"bin and not very large one."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1251.226,"endTime":1253.832,"body":"And for you, uh, from"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1251.226,"endTime":1253.832,"body":"your perspective, that was"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1253.832,"endTime":1255.562,"body":"already a large fire event."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1256.057,"endTime":1258.781,"body":"So, it, it's a completely"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1256.057,"endTime":1258.781,"body":"different perception what's"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1258.781,"endTime":1260.021,"body":"dangerous, what's, what's not."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1260.021,"endTime":1262.781,"body":"Maybe you can expand on how,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1260.021,"endTime":1262.781,"body":"how did you come up with, with"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1262.781,"endTime":1265.941,"body":"this fire scenario, and is it"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1262.781,"endTime":1265.941,"body":"really a representation of, of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1265.941,"endTime":1268.981,"body":"a large threat, a significant"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1265.941,"endTime":1268.981,"body":"threat for a spaceship?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1269.044,"endTime":1271.817,"body":"Well, yeah, we're"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1269.044,"endTime":1271.817,"body":"learning that when, uh, we can"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1271.817,"endTime":1275.554,"body":"be a little more, tolerant of,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1271.817,"endTime":1275.554,"body":"of fire size by modeling, but,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1275.554,"endTime":1278.394,"body":"but the, it starts from the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1275.554,"endTime":1278.394,"body":"whole perspective that if you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1278.394,"endTime":1281.754,"body":"have that fire, the burning"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1278.394,"endTime":1281.754,"body":"trash can in your typical house,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1282.014,"endTime":1283.354,"body":"you can quickly make a decision."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1283.354,"endTime":1284.234,"body":"Do I double?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1284.522,"endTime":1287.462,"body":"Ham nearby lit of water on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1284.522,"endTime":1287.462,"body":"it, or do I go out the door?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1288.072,"endTime":1291.542,"body":"Uh, whereas in a spacecraft,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1288.072,"endTime":1291.542,"body":"there is no, out the door"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1291.542,"endTime":1292.982,"body":"is not an attractive option."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1293.192,"endTime":1293.542,"body":"So,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1293.592,"endTime":1298.942,"body":"uh, So, um, so then you've gotta"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1293.592,"endTime":1298.942,"body":"try to deal with it and you're."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1299.144,"endTime":1300.611,"body":"Can't get further away from it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1300.611,"endTime":1303.131,"body":"So, um, you're much"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1300.611,"endTime":1303.131,"body":"closer to the event."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1303.181,"endTime":1306.294,"body":"So, and you have a lot"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1303.181,"endTime":1306.294,"body":"of critical systems that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1306.294,"endTime":1307.294,"body":"could be damaged, and there"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1307.294,"endTime":1310.727,"body":"really, there's not much or very"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1307.294,"endTime":1310.727,"body":"little redundancy on the system."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1310.772,"endTime":1312.924,"body":"and the, there's not much"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1310.772,"endTime":1312.924,"body":"redundant air supply."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1313.451,"endTime":1316.029,"body":"so putting that all"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1313.451,"endTime":1316.029,"body":"together, We have to be"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1316.029,"endTime":1317.109,"body":"very intolerant of fire."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1317.319,"endTime":1321.789,"body":"So yes, A one G ignition"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1317.319,"endTime":1321.789,"body":"horse of building fire"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1321.879,"endTime":1324.692,"body":"is, a very worrisome end"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1321.879,"endTime":1324.692,"body":"state for a spacecraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1324.692,"endTime":1327.092,"body":"I mean, I think the mere"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1324.692,"endTime":1327.092,"body":"fire really was, I lost"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1327.092,"endTime":1329.932,"body":"my calculations for that,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1327.092,"endTime":1329.932,"body":"but the heat release was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1329.932,"endTime":1331.252,"body":"not excessive from that."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1331.252,"endTime":1331.652,"body":"But,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1331.702,"endTime":1335.252,"body":"um, it was very dramatic because"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1331.702,"endTime":1335.252,"body":"of shooting out burning steel."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1335.252,"endTime":1338.532,"body":"But, uh, the net, you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1335.252,"endTime":1338.532,"body":"the actual energy was, uh, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1338.532,"endTime":1339.836,"body":"know, thankfully not all that."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1340.269,"endTime":1340.819,"body":"so yeah."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1340.819,"endTime":1343.322,"body":"so we're trying to sneak"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1340.819,"endTime":1343.322,"body":"up on that and it turns to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1343.322,"endTime":1346.362,"body":"get A good understanding"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1343.322,"endTime":1346.362,"body":"of, um, how much of the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1346.362,"endTime":1347.442,"body":"heat from a fire in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1347.442,"endTime":1350.149,"body":"a spacecraft goes to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1347.442,"endTime":1350.149,"body":"gets absorbed into the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1350.349,"endTime":1352.309,"body":"materials versus raising"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1350.349,"endTime":1352.309,"body":"the pressure and so on."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1352.359,"endTime":1352.709,"body":"Um,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1353.217,"endTime":1354.507,"body":"I"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1353.217,"endTime":1354.507,"body":"think the pressure is super"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1354.827,"endTime":1358.147,"body":"interesting aspect because,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1354.827,"endTime":1358.147,"body":"uh, we would not care about"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1358.147,"endTime":1359.387,"body":"that that much on the ground."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1359.387,"endTime":1361.091,"body":"Our buildings are"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1359.387,"endTime":1361.091,"body":"very imperfect."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1361.327,"endTime":1364.797,"body":"um, the amount of gaps we"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1361.327,"endTime":1364.797,"body":"have in buildings in a very"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1364.797,"endTime":1367.397,"body":"tightly sealed building"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1364.797,"endTime":1367.397,"body":"would be very unacceptable"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1367.397,"endTime":1368.437,"body":"for a spacecraft, I guess."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1368.727,"endTime":1372.357,"body":"So there's a completely"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1368.727,"endTime":1372.357,"body":"different level of,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1372.457,"endTime":1373.871,"body":"Tightening the volume."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1373.881,"endTime":1377.391,"body":"So here, even a small fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1373.881,"endTime":1377.391,"body":"can probably lead to very"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1377.391,"endTime":1379.431,"body":"significant pressure gradients."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1379.431,"endTime":1382.071,"body":"And that you then you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1379.431,"endTime":1382.071,"body":"have safety measures in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1382.071,"endTime":1383.871,"body":"the spacecraft to, to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1382.071,"endTime":1383.871,"body":"release that pressure."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1384.161,"endTime":1387.287,"body":"So, so I guess even small fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1384.161,"endTime":1387.287,"body":"can have, uh, considerable"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1387.597,"endTime":1388.927,"body":"effect on the atmosphere."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1389.067,"endTime":1392.047,"body":"And it, it's not that when"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1389.067,"endTime":1392.047,"body":"fire happens, you, you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1392.047,"endTime":1394.501,"body":"don't open the door to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1392.047,"endTime":1394.501,"body":"to, uh, release the smoke."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1394.501,"endTime":1394.781,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1395.231,"endTime":1398.277,"body":"Yeah, no, it,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1395.231,"endTime":1398.277,"body":"it turns out they already,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1398.697,"endTime":1401.637,"body":"all spacecraft that are"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1398.697,"endTime":1401.637,"body":"launched, uh, end up having"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1401.957,"endTime":1403.757,"body":"positive pressure relief"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1401.957,"endTime":1403.757,"body":"valves that are quite large"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1404.367,"endTime":1406.367,"body":"to prevent, um, over"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1404.367,"endTime":1406.367,"body":"pressure the spacecraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1406.947,"endTime":1410.167,"body":"And those turn out to be a very"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1406.947,"endTime":1410.167,"body":"helpful in the vent of a fire."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1410.491,"endTime":1414.277,"body":"and, uh, consequently, they"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1410.491,"endTime":1414.277,"body":"relieve any excess gas and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1414.277,"endTime":1416.637,"body":"heat produced by much of the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1414.277,"endTime":1416.637,"body":"heat and gas produced by a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1416.637,"endTime":1419.917,"body":"fire pretty quickly because"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1416.637,"endTime":1419.917,"body":"they're designed, uh, for,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1420.241,"endTime":1422.041,"body":"Based on the launch conditions."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1422.041,"endTime":1425.481,"body":"So you allowing no more"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1422.041,"endTime":1425.481,"body":"than one atmosphere delta"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1425.761,"endTime":1428.121,"body":"pressure across the vehicle,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1425.761,"endTime":1428.121,"body":"uh, or not much more."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1428.131,"endTime":1428.681,"body":"So it's,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1428.681,"endTime":1431.041,"body":"uh, so then you go"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1428.681,"endTime":1431.041,"body":"say 1.1 atmospheres."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1431.291,"endTime":1434.241,"body":"So when once you get into,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1431.291,"endTime":1434.241,"body":"uh, orbit, you're, if you're"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1434.241,"endTime":1435.801,"body":"already at one atmosphere"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1434.241,"endTime":1435.801,"body":"in the vehicle, you're"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1435.801,"endTime":1436.761,"body":"very close to venting."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1436.971,"endTime":1440.081,"body":"so that doesn't take much for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1436.971,"endTime":1440.081,"body":"the pressure to, uh, cause"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1440.081,"endTime":1441.481,"body":"arise to cause them to vent."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1441.711,"endTime":1442.641,"body":"That will take"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1442.641,"endTime":1443.401,"body":"Out, Um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1443.711,"endTime":1444.561,"body":"excess heat."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1445.621,"endTime":1447.521,"body":"and uh, so it's very"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1445.621,"endTime":1447.521,"body":"helpful in the event of a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1447.521,"endTime":1448.541,"body":"fire, in orbit."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1448.541,"endTime":1451.181,"body":"But those same valves will,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1448.541,"endTime":1451.181,"body":"uh, the vehicle has to go to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1451.181,"endTime":1453.821,"body":"two atmospheres total pressure"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1451.181,"endTime":1453.821,"body":"if it's on the, which is the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1453.821,"endTime":1455.097,"body":"problem in the Apollo one."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1455.351,"endTime":1455.841,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1455.841,"endTime":1458.971,"body":"Now, we, you are talking"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1455.841,"endTime":1458.971,"body":"about these things, not just"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1458.971,"endTime":1463.864,"body":"hypothetically, but I know"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1458.971,"endTime":1463.864,"body":"you, or NASA with your presence"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1463.864,"endTime":1467.157,"body":"has done that Exactly, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1463.864,"endTime":1467.157,"body":"during, Sapphire mission."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1467.207,"endTime":1471.504,"body":"So I would love to talk"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1467.207,"endTime":1471.504,"body":"about Sapphire Now, that was"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1471.504,"endTime":1473.184,"body":"an series of experiments."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1473.474,"endTime":1477.593,"body":"Uh, Large scale experiments,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1473.474,"endTime":1477.593,"body":"uh, of controlled fires"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1477.596,"endTime":1479.346,"body":"in microgravity, in space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1479.752,"endTime":1483.232,"body":"before we go into the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1479.752,"endTime":1483.232,"body":"technicalities of Sapphire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1483.232,"endTime":1486.152,"body":"program, how does one"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1483.232,"endTime":1486.152,"body":"get an approval to burn"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1486.152,"endTime":1487.632,"body":"a fire in the spacecraft?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1488.082,"endTime":1488.202,"body":"Actually,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1489.362,"endTime":1491.672,"body":"Uh, you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1489.362,"endTime":1491.672,"body":"it was a long process."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1492.142,"endTime":1493.782,"body":"I, you know, I was."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1494.457,"endTime":1496.727,"body":"Concern because, I"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1494.457,"endTime":1496.727,"body":"mean, we really had"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1496.727,"endTime":1498.247,"body":"no perspective of what"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1498.247,"endTime":1500.127,"body":"a, a spacecraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1498.247,"endTime":1500.127,"body":"fire would be like."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1500.227,"endTime":1503.447,"body":"You know, as you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1500.227,"endTime":1503.447,"body":"in fire science study"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1503.447,"endTime":1505.567,"body":"every occupied"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1503.447,"endTime":1505.567,"body":"structure on earth,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1505.567,"endTime":1506.087,"body":"be it a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1506.087,"endTime":1508.767,"body":"type be it a building, a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1506.087,"endTime":1508.767,"body":"plane, a train in a auto"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1508.767,"endTime":1511.967,"body":"automobile ship, submarine,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1508.767,"endTime":1511.967,"body":"pla you know, they've mines,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1511.967,"endTime":1513.167,"body":"they've done fire studies."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1513.644,"endTime":1516.024,"body":"And, uh, and plus we have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1513.644,"endTime":1516.024,"body":"a long history of, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1516.024,"endTime":1517.344,"body":"re, you know, experience."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1517.914,"endTime":1518.984,"body":"So this huge amount"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1518.984,"endTime":1519.704,"body":"of data that people"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1519.704,"endTime":1520.811,"body":"know, versus"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1520.811,"endTime":1521.491,"body":"spacecraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1521.491,"endTime":1524.707,"body":"we'd never done anything"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1521.491,"endTime":1524.707,"body":"other than, um, the mere fire."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1524.927,"endTime":1527.577,"body":"And, the Apollo one Fire"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1524.927,"endTime":1527.577,"body":"had not done any full"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1527.577,"endTime":1529.097,"body":"scale and experiments."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1529.277,"endTime":1530.687,"body":"Apollo was on ground, not"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1530.687,"endTime":1530.847,"body":"in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1530.917,"endTime":1531.587,"body":"Exactly."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1531.587,"endTime":1531.907,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1531.907,"endTime":1533.107,"body":"that was a very different case."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1533.107,"endTime":1536.497,"body":"So, so MiiR was the only case"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1533.107,"endTime":1536.497,"body":"in the spacecraft, and it was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1536.497,"endTime":1539.257,"body":"very informative, but there"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1536.497,"endTime":1539.257,"body":"was not instrumented and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1539.257,"endTime":1543.954,"body":"so .So the uh, and uh, even"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1539.257,"endTime":1543.954,"body":"the timeline is confused"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1543.954,"endTime":1545.034,"body":"about this sequence."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1545.034,"endTime":1545.617,"body":"So, so."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1546.307,"endTime":1546.727,"body":"Was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1546.727,"endTime":1547.767,"body":"searching around for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1547.767,"endTime":1550.287,"body":"a spacecraft that we could"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1547.767,"endTime":1550.287,"body":"do something in, and it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1550.287,"endTime":1551.287,"body":"was larger than the small."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1551.514,"endTime":1552.217,"body":"five by"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1552.217,"endTime":1554.417,"body":"10 centimeter experiments"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1552.217,"endTime":1554.417,"body":"we've done is the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1554.417,"endTime":1554.577,"body":"maximum."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1554.747,"endTime":1557.161,"body":"So we, um, uh, looking"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1557.161,"endTime":1557.681,"body":"around for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1557.681,"endTime":1558.441,"body":"vehicles that might"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1558.441,"endTime":1558.801,"body":"be available,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1558.801,"endTime":1559.681,"body":"I looked at the Russian"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1560.041,"endTime":1560.121,"body":"progress"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1560.121,"endTime":1561.801,"body":"vehicles, but they're"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1560.121,"endTime":1561.801,"body":"really quite small."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1562.221,"endTime":1564.761,"body":"And then, um, talked to the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1565.041,"endTime":1567.321,"body":"Europeans and then"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1565.041,"endTime":1567.321,"body":"ultimately, and I, I was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1567.321,"endTime":1569.841,"body":"looking at other"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1567.321,"endTime":1569.841,"body":"alternatives and I"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1569.841,"endTime":1570.241,"body":"got laughed."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1570.241,"endTime":1571.281,"body":"out of the room a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1570.241,"endTime":1571.281,"body":"number of times."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1572.206,"endTime":1574.839,"body":"Finally, um, a combination"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1572.206,"endTime":1574.839,"body":"of circumstances."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1574.899,"endTime":1578.316,"body":"The, uh, Cygnus uh, different"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1574.899,"endTime":1578.316,"body":"company at the written"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1578.316,"endTime":1580.329,"body":"time, but now it's Northrop"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1578.316,"endTime":1580.329,"body":"Grumman, was very interested"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1580.329,"endTime":1581.009,"body":"in this possibility."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1581.009,"endTime":1583.449,"body":"And NASA, um, itself"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1581.009,"endTime":1583.449,"body":"was interested."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1583.469,"endTime":1586.929,"body":"And so we had the opportunity"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1583.469,"endTime":1586.929,"body":"of a habitable vehicle that was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1586.929,"endTime":1588.609,"body":"habitable, but had nobody in it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1588.976,"endTime":1590.496,"body":"would never have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1588.976,"endTime":1590.496,"body":"them in it again."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1591.186,"endTime":1593.216,"body":"So, uh, there was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1591.186,"endTime":1593.216,"body":"no risk to people."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1593.836,"endTime":1596.136,"body":"And so we just had to make"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1593.836,"endTime":1596.136,"body":"sure we didn't hurt the vehicle"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1596.136,"endTime":1598.829,"body":"enough, that it couldn't,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1596.136,"endTime":1598.829,"body":"reenter the way it's planned."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1599.257,"endTime":1600.647,"body":"By reentry, you mean?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1600.697,"endTime":1606.231,"body":"Uh, happily being, decimated by"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1600.697,"endTime":1606.231,"body":"atmosphere, not landing anymore."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1606.461,"endTime":1607.131,"body":"Exactly."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1607.231,"endTime":1609.191,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1607.231,"endTime":1609.191,"body":"uh, so it's like a dis"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1609.191,"endTime":1610.711,"body":"responsible, uh, vehicle."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1611.291,"endTime":1611.781,"body":"yeah."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1611.781,"endTime":1614.664,"body":"So slated for, or, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1611.781,"endTime":1614.664,"body":"know, reentry, disposal,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1614.954,"endTime":1615.624,"body":"uh, destruction."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1615.764,"endTime":1616.184,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1616.184,"endTime":1617.191,"body":"they, and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1617.191,"endTime":1617.391,"body":"so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1617.391,"endTime":1619.751,"body":"we, uh, so there really,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1617.391,"endTime":1619.751,"body":"there's nothing to more"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1619.751,"endTime":1620.391,"body":"to be done with it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1620.391,"endTime":1621.871,"body":"So that was the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1620.391,"endTime":1621.871,"body":"great thing about it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1621.926,"endTime":1622.736,"body":"Good, good."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1623.126,"endTime":1626.576,"body":"That's an expensive piece of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1623.126,"endTime":1626.576,"body":"expandable fire infrastructure."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1626.596,"endTime":1628.096,"body":"But, uh, but great."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1628.096,"endTime":1629.896,"body":"So, so how did you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1628.096,"endTime":1629.896,"body":"plan the, the research?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1629.896,"endTime":1631.096,"body":"What, what was the point of it?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1631.096,"endTime":1633.576,"body":"Uh, what, what were you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1631.096,"endTime":1633.576,"body":"interested in, in, in burning"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1633.576,"endTime":1635.056,"body":"in that, in that bagel"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1635.374,"endTime":1637.514,"body":"two types of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1635.374,"endTime":1637.514,"body":"questions we wanna address."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1637.514,"endTime":1638.834,"body":"We wanna, we want to learn"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1638.834,"endTime":1639.154,"body":"about"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1639.444,"endTime":1640.554,"body":"details about fire"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1640.554,"endTime":1643.144,"body":"growth, uh, when you had a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1640.554,"endTime":1643.144,"body":"large you know, practical size"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1643.424,"endTime":1646.904,"body":"material and is there, um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1643.424,"endTime":1646.904,"body":"in one G, typically there's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1646.904,"endTime":1648.024,"body":"a T squared growth rate."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1648.507,"endTime":1650.881,"body":"and, you know, things will"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1648.507,"endTime":1650.881,"body":"just keep growing almost, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1650.881,"endTime":1653.081,"body":"know, without bound, I mean,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1650.881,"endTime":1653.081,"body":"to live very, very large."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1653.582,"endTime":1655.639,"body":"And uh, theory suggested"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1653.582,"endTime":1655.639,"body":"that wouldn't grow"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1655.639,"endTime":1657.296,"body":"continuously in, low G."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1657.476,"endTime":1659.136,"body":"And so we wanted"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1657.476,"endTime":1659.136,"body":"to look at that,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1659.436,"endTime":1661.176,"body":"and then we wanted"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1659.436,"endTime":1661.176,"body":"to get an idea."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1661.753,"endTime":1666.419,"body":"Just the way people use FDS and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1661.753,"endTime":1666.419,"body":"other codes to model the, impact"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1666.419,"endTime":1667.099,"body":"of the fire on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1667.099,"endTime":1667.899,"body":"the structure and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1667.899,"endTime":1669.219,"body":"habitability and on earth."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1669.389,"endTime":1672.339,"body":"We were trying to use FDS"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1669.389,"endTime":1672.339,"body":"to model the impact of the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1672.369,"endTime":1675.899,"body":"fire on the spacecraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1672.369,"endTime":1675.899,"body":"and really wanted to get"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1675.899,"endTime":1676.939,"body":"some calibration points."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1677.589,"endTime":1680.528,"body":"Uh, so make sure that we"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1677.589,"endTime":1680.528,"body":"weren't, uh, just going off."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1680.547,"endTime":1681.465,"body":"in the wrong direction."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1681.544,"endTime":1683.614,"body":"uh, so we wanted, so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1681.544,"endTime":1683.614,"body":"we had two, two goals."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1683.614,"endTime":1685.134,"body":"One is to just have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1685.134,"endTime":1685.414,"body":"a fire."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1685.414,"endTime":1688.254,"body":"Look how big it gets, how fast"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1685.414,"endTime":1688.254,"body":"it grows, and two at the same"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1688.254,"endTime":1691.294,"body":"time, have the fire impact the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1688.254,"endTime":1691.294,"body":"vehicle and see what it did"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1691.294,"endTime":1693.654,"body":"to the vehicle and pressurize,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1691.294,"endTime":1693.654,"body":"temperature rise, et cetera."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1694.354,"endTime":1696.734,"body":"And also"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1694.354,"endTime":1696.734,"body":"in, in this, uh, setting where"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1696.734,"endTime":1698.614,"body":"there's a constant ventilation."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1698.614,"endTime":1698.934,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1699.384,"endTime":1702.414,"body":"So you would mimic the, the, the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1699.384,"endTime":1702.414,"body":"typical conditions in the space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1702.414,"endTime":1702.734,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1702.964,"endTime":1703.654,"body":"Okay, good."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1703.654,"endTime":1706.054,"body":"And, um, what, what"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1703.654,"endTime":1706.054,"body":"types of materials were"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1706.054,"endTime":1706.734,"body":"you, were you burning?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1706.944,"endTime":1710.014,"body":"Uh, because I assume it was not"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1706.944,"endTime":1710.014,"body":"the fireproof materials that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1710.014,"endTime":1711.014,"body":"used normally in spacecraft."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1711.014,"endTime":1712.694,"body":"It was, uh, something specific."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1712.774,"endTime":1715.414,"body":"the, so sort"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1712.774,"endTime":1715.414,"body":"of broken into two series."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1715.474,"endTime":1718.414,"body":"One was the first series where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1715.474,"endTime":1718.414,"body":"you really were pretty, very"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1718.414,"endTime":1722.874,"body":"conservative and really, did not"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1718.414,"endTime":1722.874,"body":"impact the vehicles much as was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1722.874,"endTime":1724.274,"body":"helpful, would be helpful later."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1724.274,"endTime":1727.314,"body":"But we are looking, so that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1724.274,"endTime":1727.314,"body":"initial series we looked at"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1727.314,"endTime":1730.314,"body":"two very large, or for us very"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1727.314,"endTime":1730.314,"body":"large, but it's, some would say"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1730.314,"endTime":1733.434,"body":"it's a size of a tee"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1730.314,"endTime":1733.434,"body":"towel, but, um, you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1733.434,"endTime":1734.514,"body":"half a meter by a meter."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1735.234,"endTime":1736.074,"body":"Piece of fabric."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1736.504,"endTime":1738.634,"body":"it's a cotton fiberglass blend"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1739.244,"endTime":1740.414,"body":"so it rip and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1740.414,"endTime":1740.574,"body":"tear."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1740.574,"endTime":1741.654,"body":"It's a beautiful reference,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1741.744,"endTime":1742.279,"body":"uh, fabric."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1742.761,"endTime":1746.101,"body":"and we did two, two flights with"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1742.761,"endTime":1746.101,"body":"that at different flow rates."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1746.441,"endTime":1748.581,"body":"And then the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1746.441,"endTime":1748.581,"body":"intervening flight, we"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1748.581,"endTime":1750.501,"body":"had a variety of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1748.581,"endTime":1750.501,"body":"smaller samples, nine."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1750.551,"endTime":1751.661,"body":"smaller samples"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1752.431,"endTime":1752.781,"body":"of."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1753.454,"endTime":1754.297,"body":"Same material"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1754.527,"endTime":1759.564,"body":"plus, uh, p a and silicon,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1754.527,"endTime":1759.564,"body":"um, rubber, and which was an"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1759.764,"endTime":1762.204,"body":"interesting INFLAMMABILITY case,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1759.764,"endTime":1762.204,"body":"but trying to look at that."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1762.204,"endTime":1765.367,"body":"And those were all done,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1762.204,"endTime":1765.367,"body":"um, in Nearly sea level air."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1765.782,"endTime":1766.202,"body":"and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1766.202,"endTime":1766.842,"body":"then after that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1766.842,"endTime":1768.562,"body":"we, um, got approval to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1768.722,"endTime":1768.802,"body":"continue."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1769.492,"endTime":1772.022,"body":"we wanted to look at the, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1772.022,"endTime":1772.542,"body":"higher risk"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1772.542,"endTime":1776.222,"body":"atmospheres and so we lowered"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1772.542,"endTime":1776.222,"body":"the pressure in the spacecraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1776.222,"endTime":1777.742,"body":"working with the owner."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1777.742,"endTime":1779.302,"body":"After they separate from"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1779.302,"endTime":1779.422,"body":"the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1779.422,"endTime":1779.582,"body":"space."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1779.582,"endTime":1782.782,"body":"station, they vent out a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1779.582,"endTime":1782.782,"body":"bunch of gas, and then we,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1782.782,"endTime":1784.222,"body":"uh, backfill it with oxygen."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1784.662,"endTime":1788.862,"body":"That we carry on board and try"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1784.662,"endTime":1788.862,"body":"to bring it up to 36% oxygen."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1789.266,"endTime":1792.569,"body":"And, then we were burning a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1789.266,"endTime":1792.569,"body":"mixture of samples ranging"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1792.569,"endTime":1796.596,"body":"from, again, that same fabric"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1792.569,"endTime":1796.596,"body":"and, more, p a samples, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1796.596,"endTime":1799.146,"body":"both simple ones, and one"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1796.596,"endTime":1799.146,"body":"with a structural, you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1799.146,"endTime":1803.872,"body":"grooves and ridges and, Nomex,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1799.146,"endTime":1803.872,"body":"which is, um, a fire retarded"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1804.072,"endTime":1805.992,"body":"material used for stowage,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1804.072,"endTime":1805.992,"body":"I think is in spacecraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1806.122,"endTime":1806.942,"body":"and so then"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1806.942,"endTime":1808.422,"body":"plus we had all kinds of other"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1808.422,"endTime":1809.422,"body":"sensors throughout the vehicle."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1809.882,"endTime":1812.462,"body":"And so we, each of the flight"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1809.882,"endTime":1812.462,"body":"we were trying to burn one"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1812.462,"endTime":1814.902,"body":"very large sample that released"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1812.462,"endTime":1814.902,"body":"as much heat as we could."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1815.322,"endTime":1819.032,"body":"And then, uh, we temperature"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1815.322,"endTime":1819.032,"body":"and CO2 sensors at six locations"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1819.032,"endTime":1822.592,"body":"in the spacecraft, and smoke"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1819.032,"endTime":1822.592,"body":"sensors and a smoke recovery"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1822.592,"endTime":1823.692,"body":"system at the other end."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1823.794,"endTime":1825.384,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1823.794,"endTime":1825.384,"body":"outside of the violation,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1825.474,"endTime":1829.013,"body":"uh, data, were there any like"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1825.474,"endTime":1829.013,"body":"important lessons learned, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1829.013,"endTime":1830.277,"body":"from, from that experiment?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1830.526,"endTime":1832.316,"body":"so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1830.526,"endTime":1832.316,"body":"is in interesting."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1832.316,"endTime":1835.636,"body":"The fires did achieve a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1832.316,"endTime":1835.636,"body":"very, uh, spreading flames"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1835.636,"endTime":1838.196,"body":"very quickly, achieved a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1835.636,"endTime":1838.196,"body":"very steady spread rate."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1838.806,"endTime":1842.529,"body":"Um, we also learned that the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1838.806,"endTime":1842.529,"body":"environment in which the fire"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1842.529,"endTime":1845.049,"body":"is burning is more significant"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1842.529,"endTime":1845.049,"body":"than we thought, as far as"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1845.049,"endTime":1845.969,"body":"affecting the spread rate."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1846.269,"endTime":1848.929,"body":"All previous experiments"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1846.269,"endTime":1848.929,"body":"were done in relatively"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1848.929,"endTime":1850.209,"body":"smaller ducks, which"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1850.209,"endTime":1851.249,"body":"we thought were big enough."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1851.962,"endTime":1854.452,"body":"due to the, um, Growth"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1851.962,"endTime":1854.452,"body":"of the flame with"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1854.452,"endTime":1855.252,"body":"respect to the volume."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1855.822,"endTime":1858.852,"body":"It, uh, there is more flow"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1855.822,"endTime":1858.852,"body":"acceleration in the other."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1859.117,"endTime":1860.837,"body":"Ducks than we, uh, anticipated."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1861.167,"endTime":1864.157,"body":"So they spread slower if they're"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1861.167,"endTime":1864.157,"body":"in a big open environment than"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1864.157,"endTime":1866.277,"body":"we, uh, had previously thought."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1866.767,"endTime":1869.477,"body":"We saw some very interesting"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1866.767,"endTime":1869.477,"body":"results, uh, validating"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1869.717,"endTime":1873.397,"body":"previous experience with"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1869.717,"endTime":1873.397,"body":"a material like pma."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1873.607,"endTime":1873.957,"body":"Um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1873.987,"endTime":1874.837,"body":"Polymethyl."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1874.947,"endTime":1878.877,"body":"Aate, which, uh, doesn't"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1874.947,"endTime":1878.877,"body":"char and, uh, melts and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1878.877,"endTime":1881.517,"body":"paralyzes and has, um, you."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1881.736,"endTime":1884.771,"body":"breakdown in paralysis, in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1881.736,"endTime":1884.771,"body":"depth in the material, which"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1884.771,"endTime":1886.171,"body":"causes bubbles and ejection."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1886.231,"endTime":1889.291,"body":"And, um, similar thing was"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1886.231,"endTime":1889.291,"body":"seen in Sky Lab years ago"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1889.291,"endTime":1890.251,"body":"when they were burning nylon."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1890.251,"endTime":1893.451,"body":"But basically we turned off the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1890.251,"endTime":1893.451,"body":"flow and it continued to burn"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1893.451,"endTime":1895.211,"body":"for a very long time on its own."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1895.831,"endTime":1900.137,"body":"And, do supported by the, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1895.831,"endTime":1900.137,"body":"heated ejecting gas from the,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1900.587,"endTime":1902.177,"body":"in, in depth in the material."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1902.362,"endTime":1903.992,"body":"So, um, that was one surprise."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1903.992,"endTime":1907.072,"body":"And the other surprise, one"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1903.992,"endTime":1907.072,"body":"big question is how long, if"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1907.072,"endTime":1908.982,"body":"you got a fire in a spacecraft,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1907.072,"endTime":1908.982,"body":"how long do you need to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1908.982,"endTime":1912.772,"body":"have the extinguishing agent"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1908.982,"endTime":1912.772,"body":"around it, uh, before you can"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1912.772,"endTime":1915.132,"body":"turn the flow back on and,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1912.772,"endTime":1915.132,"body":"and allow people to breathe."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1915.572,"endTime":1918.802,"body":"so we saw in that case,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1915.572,"endTime":1918.802,"body":"um, it needs to be off of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1918.802,"endTime":1921.202,"body":"quite some time for that,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1918.802,"endTime":1921.202,"body":"uh, that kind of material."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1921.202,"endTime":1923.682,"body":"And likewise, on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1921.202,"endTime":1923.682,"body":"another flight we had."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1924.031,"endTime":1926.101,"body":"It was really cotton,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1924.031,"endTime":1926.101,"body":"a knit cotton, like a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1926.181,"endTime":1929.041,"body":"t-shirt material, and that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1926.181,"endTime":1929.041,"body":"tended to curl and roll."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1929.821,"endTime":1934.681,"body":"And the charing, the embers, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1929.821,"endTime":1934.681,"body":"persisted in the curled section"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1935.041,"endTime":1938.161,"body":"quite a long time and it, it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1935.041,"endTime":1938.161,"body":"did reignited as well once"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1938.161,"endTime":1939.081,"body":"the flow was turned back on."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1939.491,"endTime":1942.401,"body":"So, um, so there you can"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1939.491,"endTime":1942.401,"body":"sort of have something like a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1942.401,"endTime":1945.841,"body":"deep-seated fire in low gravity,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1942.401,"endTime":1945.841,"body":"which we weren't sure of some."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1945.841,"endTime":1948.521,"body":"Those are the big fire"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1945.841,"endTime":1948.521,"body":"discoveries, I guess."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1948.694,"endTime":1950.649,"body":"so, so"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1948.694,"endTime":1950.649,"body":"from just burning a cloth,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1950.649,"endTime":1954.409,"body":"like a towel or, or very small"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1950.649,"endTime":1954.409,"body":"samples of materials, it's"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1954.409,"endTime":1957.649,"body":"really, uh, that's fascinating"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1954.409,"endTime":1957.649,"body":"where you enter a place where"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1957.649,"endTime":1960.249,"body":"no one has ever been before"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1957.649,"endTime":1960.249,"body":"and, and you start to touch"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1960.249,"endTime":1962.929,"body":"things that no one has ever,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1960.249,"endTime":1962.929,"body":"uh, thought at the scale before."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1962.929,"endTime":1965.569,"body":"And we always, like, I'm"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1962.929,"endTime":1965.569,"body":"not surprised that the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1965.569,"endTime":1966.489,"body":"scale changed everything."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1966.559,"endTime":1968.809,"body":"That's the story of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1966.559,"endTime":1968.809,"body":"fire science and, and,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1968.809,"endTime":1970.009,"body":"and, and everything we."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1970.229,"endTime":1972.269,"body":"Have you also done"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1970.229,"endTime":1972.269,"body":"something with smoldering"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1972.269,"endTime":1973.269,"body":"fires in that regard?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1973.269,"endTime":1977.106,"body":"I, I had Professor Rein on the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1973.269,"endTime":1977.106,"body":"podcast many times, and, he,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1977.106,"endTime":1979.626,"body":"he seemed to be concerned of,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1977.106,"endTime":1979.626,"body":"of smoldering, uh, persistent"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":1979.626,"endTime":1981.109,"body":"fires in, space for example."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1981.18,"endTime":1984.441,"body":"Yeah, the,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1981.18,"endTime":1984.441,"body":"um, he was a collaborator"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1984.441,"endTime":1987.221,"body":"with professor, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1984.441,"endTime":1987.221,"body":"Fernandez, Fernandez, Pello"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1987.241,"endTime":1990.881,"body":"in Berkeley, uh, on a series of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1987.241,"endTime":1990.881,"body":"smoldering experiments we did."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1991.157,"endTime":1993.961,"body":"and found that, I guess"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1991.157,"endTime":1993.961,"body":"overall in depth smolder"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1993.961,"endTime":1995.921,"body":"was, um, harder to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1996.201,"endTime":2000.034,"body":"support because, in one G,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":1996.201,"endTime":2000.034,"body":"uh, you have the buoyant flow."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2000.164,"endTime":2001.594,"body":"Um, pretty much, uh, will."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2001.714,"endTime":2003.384,"body":"Do enough airflow"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2001.714,"endTime":2003.384,"body":"within the sample"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2003.697,"endTime":2006.727,"body":"in, uh, low gi, you really,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2003.697,"endTime":2006.727,"body":"unless you really are pushing"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2006.727,"endTime":2009.727,"body":"the air through it, uh, it's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2006.727,"endTime":2009.727,"body":"uh, harder to forget oxygen"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2009.737,"endTime":2011.607,"body":"in depth, uh, in the sample."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2012.227,"endTime":2017.489,"body":"But we do believe that there's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2012.227,"endTime":2017.489,"body":"a significant risk for, A sample"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2017.489,"endTime":2018.409,"body":"with an exposed surface"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2018.509,"endTime":2018.929,"body":"for."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2018.929,"endTime":2022.596,"body":"it to sort of, uh, lodge itself"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2018.929,"endTime":2022.596,"body":"in the, um, foam in depth, and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2022.596,"endTime":2024.916,"body":"then transition to flaming later"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2022.596,"endTime":2024.916,"body":"when the flow kicks on again."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2025.086,"endTime":2028.316,"body":"So I think that's an area"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2025.086,"endTime":2028.316,"body":"that, uh, needs more study,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2028.672,"endTime":2029.792,"body":"than it has gotten to date."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2029.792,"endTime":2032.592,"body":"And I think that's one of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2029.792,"endTime":2032.592,"body":"the residual concerns to me."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2032.592,"endTime":2034.632,"body":"And long term habitation,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2032.592,"endTime":2034.632,"body":"I'm worried about"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2034.632,"endTime":2035.552,"body":"the things like the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2035.552,"endTime":2035.752,"body":"trash"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2035.834,"endTime":2037.231,"body":"we're,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2035.834,"endTime":2037.231,"body":"and we are also talking about"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2037.231,"endTime":2038.704,"body":"long, term space flight."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2038.964,"endTime":2043.464,"body":"I'm like, Okay, ISS is, is"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2038.964,"endTime":2043.464,"body":"a long term space flight."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2043.464,"endTime":2045.864,"body":"It's very, very long"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2043.464,"endTime":2045.864,"body":"term space, space flight."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2045.864,"endTime":2048.344,"body":"But, but still, if we"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2045.864,"endTime":2048.344,"body":"think about exploring Mars"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2048.344,"endTime":2051.131,"body":"or something, there's,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2048.344,"endTime":2051.131,"body":"uh, you don't have the."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2051.795,"endTime":2054.824,"body":"How to say the comfort of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2051.795,"endTime":2054.824,"body":"hanging, of having Soyuz"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2054.844,"endTime":2057.804,"body":"aircraft that you can bored"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2054.844,"endTime":2057.804,"body":"and escape, uh, if something"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2057.804,"endTime":2058.964,"body":"really disastrous happens."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2059.614,"endTime":2061.964,"body":"Um, you've mentioned"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2059.614,"endTime":2061.964,"body":"suppression, so let's,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2061.964,"endTime":2064.084,"body":"let's go into engineering"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2061.964,"endTime":2064.084,"body":"side of spacecraft."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2064.084,"endTime":2065.484,"body":"That, that also is fascinating."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2066.034,"endTime":2068.564,"body":"I have questions about"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2066.034,"endTime":2068.564,"body":"detection, ventilation,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2068.844,"endTime":2069.564,"body":"suppression, evacuation."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2069.814,"endTime":2072.964,"body":"So let's try to, let's"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2069.814,"endTime":2072.964,"body":"try to touch a bit of, of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2072.964,"endTime":2074.964,"body":"everything because everything"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2072.964,"endTime":2074.964,"body":"is different in space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2075.334,"endTime":2078.237,"body":"So first of all, detect, how do"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2075.334,"endTime":2078.237,"body":"you detect fire in, in space?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2078.837,"endTime":2080.147,"body":"So that's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2078.837,"endTime":2080.147,"body":"been a real challenge."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2080.147,"endTime":2082.967,"body":"So the, focus has been on smoke."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2083.424,"endTime":2086.401,"body":"so you know, there are some"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2083.424,"endTime":2086.401,"body":"aviation systems have thermal"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2086.451,"endTime":2090.921,"body":"sensors, but there's uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2086.451,"endTime":2090.921,"body":"really not a, the mass penalty,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2091.171,"endTime":2093.041,"body":"it gets to be too heavy"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2091.171,"endTime":2093.041,"body":"to have too many of those."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2093.041,"endTime":2093.481,"body":"So that's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2093.481,"endTime":2095.721,"body":"not ty, it's not been"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2093.481,"endTime":2095.721,"body":"done in spacecraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2096.461,"endTime":2099.441,"body":"And, uh, there's not a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2096.461,"endTime":2099.441,"body":"magic species, chemical"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2099.441,"endTime":2100.681,"body":"species you can look for."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2101.411,"endTime":2103.796,"body":"Um, For all"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2101.411,"endTime":2103.796,"body":"materials we'll emit."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2103.796,"endTime":2106.756,"body":"So there's a lot of them mimic"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2103.796,"endTime":2106.756,"body":"co, but not all of them enough."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2106.756,"endTime":2109.876,"body":"And so then there's co2, but"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2106.756,"endTime":2109.876,"body":"there's a high background"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2109.876,"endTime":2112.311,"body":"of CO2 in a spacecraft cause"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2109.876,"endTime":2112.311,"body":"of the people respirating."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2112.389,"endTime":2115.546,"body":"So Lee's really back every"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2112.389,"endTime":2115.546,"body":"izing material, emits"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2115.546,"endTime":2117.026,"body":"a lot of aerosols part."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2117.036,"endTime":2118.026,"body":"Uh, so we're back to."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2118.666,"endTime":2120.096,"body":"Uh, smoke particles."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2120.596,"endTime":2123.576,"body":"The only problem is in one"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2120.596,"endTime":2123.576,"body":"G is everybody knows this."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2123.666,"endTime":2124.896,"body":"Um, smoke rises."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2124.896,"endTime":2127.816,"body":"You get a beautiful smoke"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2124.896,"endTime":2127.816,"body":"layer, uh, where they've"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2127.816,"endTime":2130.376,"body":"concentrated smoke of the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2127.816,"endTime":2130.376,"body":"ceiling in a spacecraft."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2130.376,"endTime":2132.736,"body":"Again, there's no up and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2130.376,"endTime":2132.736,"body":"you have a well mixed,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2132.856,"endTime":2134.216,"body":"slow speed turbulent flow."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2134.906,"endTime":2137.096,"body":"So you pretty much have to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2134.906,"endTime":2137.096,"body":"raise your whole spacecraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2137.096,"endTime":2140.387,"body":"to the tax and threshold,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2137.096,"endTime":2140.387,"body":"before, um, In Detective"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2140.387,"endTime":2141.307,"body":"Fire cause it's all mixed."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2142.007,"endTime":2144.747,"body":"And, um, actually at the same"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2142.007,"endTime":2144.747,"body":"time, the life support system,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2144.747,"endTime":2148.147,"body":"the airflow is, taking smoke out"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2144.747,"endTime":2148.147,"body":"of the system by the filtration."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2148.277,"endTime":2148.627,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2149.097,"endTime":2150.147,"body":"it's very tricky."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2150.197,"endTime":2152.587,"body":"We don't have, um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2150.197,"endTime":2152.587,"body":"better solution I guess."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2152.587,"endTime":2154.627,"body":"But that's, uh, so we're"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2152.587,"endTime":2154.627,"body":"looking at smoke and you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2154.627,"endTime":2157.067,"body":"really have to each space"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2154.627,"endTime":2157.067,"body":"corrective model individually,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2157.397,"endTime":2160.757,"body":"based on it, the vague, unique"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2157.397,"endTime":2160.757,"body":"things about its flow system."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2160.785,"endTime":2162.706,"body":"But,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2160.785,"endTime":2162.706,"body":"but you don't have a ceiling"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2162.706,"endTime":2164.506,"body":"to put the, the smoke"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2162.706,"endTime":2164.506,"body":"sensors on the ceiling."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2164.506,"endTime":2166.586,"body":"So where do you put,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2164.506,"endTime":2166.586,"body":"So smoke sensors,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2166.691,"endTime":2167.991,"body":"The"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2166.691,"endTime":2167.991,"body":"universal answer is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2167.991,"endTime":2169.062,"body":"before the air intakes."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2169.357,"endTime":2171.987,"body":"so you have your whatever"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2169.357,"endTime":2171.987,"body":"flow system, you know, you,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2171.987,"endTime":2174.787,"body":"it blows out in some areas and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2171.987,"endTime":2174.787,"body":"you suck it in in other areas."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2174.787,"endTime":2176.907,"body":"They have filters"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2174.787,"endTime":2176.907,"body":"right after that point."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2177.007,"endTime":2178.627,"body":"But if you put it in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2177.007,"endTime":2178.627,"body":"front of the filters,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2178.627,"endTime":2179.907,"body":"that's, uh, you can assure"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2179.907,"endTime":2180.587,"body":"that air."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2180.817,"endTime":2182.904,"body":"It's sampling the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2180.817,"endTime":2182.904,"body":"vehicle pretty well."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2183.096,"endTime":2184.966,"body":"So it's"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2183.096,"endTime":2184.966,"body":"somewhat like, in the very"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2184.966,"endTime":2187.726,"body":"least, smoke detection systems"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2184.966,"endTime":2187.726,"body":"where you have aspiration"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2187.726,"endTime":2190.766,"body":"devices that would, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2187.726,"endTime":2190.766,"body":"suck in probes of, of smoke."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2190.766,"endTime":2193.686,"body":"So here, here you use your"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2190.766,"endTime":2193.686,"body":"vent system in a, in a station"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2193.766,"endTime":2196.299,"body":"to, to probe the air all the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2193.766,"endTime":2196.299,"body":"time because it's constantly"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2196.299,"endTime":2199.219,"body":"being, uh, recirculated to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2196.299,"endTime":2199.219,"body":"the filters and everything."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2199.501,"endTime":2200.041,"body":"All right."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2200.156,"endTime":2201.642,"body":"you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2200.156,"endTime":2201.642,"body":"just take the opportunity the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2201.642,"endTime":2202.642,"body":"whole area sucked through."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2202.642,"endTime":2204.322,"body":"That's opening and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2202.642,"endTime":2204.322,"body":"you detected, Okay."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2204.512,"endTime":2205.282,"body":"That's smart."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2205.282,"endTime":2206.802,"body":"And I guess flame"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2205.282,"endTime":2206.802,"body":"detection makes no sense"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2206.802,"endTime":2208.802,"body":"because if there's flame"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2206.802,"endTime":2208.802,"body":"that's kind of late."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2208.802,"endTime":2209.082,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2209.142,"endTime":2211.482,"body":"And, you probably don't"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2209.142,"endTime":2211.482,"body":"want to have that anyway."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2211.747,"endTime":2213.117,"body":"Yeah, and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2211.747,"endTime":2213.117,"body":"it's a very cluttered"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2213.117,"endTime":2216.077,"body":"environment so that it's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2213.117,"endTime":2216.077,"body":"getting line of sight to the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2216.077,"endTime":2217.646,"body":"source that no one's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2216.077,"endTime":2217.646,"body":"come with a good answer."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2217.711,"endTime":2219.831,"body":"and you know, the flame"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2217.711,"endTime":2219.831,"body":"ones typically work on,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2220.321,"endTime":2222.201,"body":"military vehicles where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2220.321,"endTime":2222.201,"body":"there's a big flame and, and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2222.201,"endTime":2223.441,"body":"uh, rather dramatic signal."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2223.571,"endTime":2225.681,"body":"So, um, is an example."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2225.681,"endTime":2226.441,"body":"But, um,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2226.714,"endTime":2227.874,"body":"let's go suppression."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2228.104,"endTime":2231.423,"body":"is there extinguisher on the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2228.104,"endTime":2231.423,"body":"spacecraft that, that you grab"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2231.423,"endTime":2232.57,"body":"and, and extinguish stuff?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2232.584,"endTime":2233.764,"body":"How, how does that work?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2233.954,"endTime":2235.294,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2233.954,"endTime":2235.294,"body":"it's varied over time."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2235.294,"endTime":2238.694,"body":"The shuttles era, the, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2235.294,"endTime":2238.694,"body":"US vehicles used, uh, halon,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2239.027,"endTime":2240.857,"body":"traditional CF3Br."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2241.301,"endTime":2243.971,"body":"the um, Russian"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2241.301,"endTime":2243.971,"body":"systems used a foam."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2244.187,"endTime":2244.787,"body":"and Apollo,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2244.787,"endTime":2247.874,"body":"they used the, just a, basically"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2244.787,"endTime":2247.874,"body":"a squirt gun from the water,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2248.004,"endTime":2249.314,"body":"uh, food hydration system."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2249.834,"endTime":2250.764,"body":"then, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2250.764,"endTime":2251.244,"body":"now in."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2251.244,"endTime":2254.324,"body":"the space station, there's two"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2251.244,"endTime":2254.324,"body":"choices on the e US segment."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2254.694,"endTime":2258.284,"body":"Uh, one is a CO2 extinguisher"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2254.694,"endTime":2258.284,"body":"and the other is a, Now, more"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2258.764,"endTime":2260.724,"body":"recently, they added a water"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2258.764,"endTime":2260.724,"body":"missed fire extinguisher,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2261.047,"endTime":2262.427,"body":"Why not Halon anymore?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2262.427,"endTime":2264.907,"body":"I thought, uh, it would be"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2262.427,"endTime":2264.907,"body":"brilliant because you're above"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2264.907,"endTime":2267.547,"body":"the ozone layer, so we have"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2264.907,"endTime":2267.547,"body":"nothing to destroy with it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2267.739,"endTime":2269.429,"body":"Yeah, it, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2267.739,"endTime":2269.429,"body":"problem is, you know, in the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2269.429,"endTime":2271.469,"body":"spacecraft you can't get rid"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2269.429,"endTime":2271.469,"body":"of whatever you, whatever"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2271.469,"endTime":2273.629,"body":"agent you release, you have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2271.469,"endTime":2273.629,"body":"to be able to live with."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2274.129,"endTime":2278.296,"body":"And, uh, so, um, uh, halons a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2274.129,"endTime":2278.296,"body":"problem because it's, uh, does"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2278.296,"endTime":2280.336,"body":"Bad things to other parts"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2278.296,"endTime":2280.336,"body":"of the life support system."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2280.336,"endTime":2284.642,"body":"Some of the air purification"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2280.336,"endTime":2284.642,"body":"beds, uh, Don't like ha on."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2285.142,"endTime":2287.362,"body":"And so they, um, so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2285.142,"endTime":2287.362,"body":"in the space shuttle"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2287.362,"endTime":2287.642,"body":"era."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2287.642,"endTime":2288.042,"body":"if They,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2288.042,"endTime":2288.682,"body":"used a ha on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2288.682,"endTime":2290.892,"body":"extinguisher, they"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2288.682,"endTime":2290.892,"body":"had to to in meetings."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2291.012,"endTime":2292.276,"body":"Uh, so the space station"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2292.506,"endTime":2293.676,"body":"they just ruled it out."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2294.056,"endTime":2294.836,"body":"And then if you."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2294.836,"endTime":2297.196,"body":"go to the future habitats,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2294.836,"endTime":2297.196,"body":"it's not gonna work well"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2297.196,"endTime":2299.836,"body":"anyway, because of the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2297.196,"endTime":2299.836,"body":"Han Oxygen concentration."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2300.546,"endTime":2302.476,"body":"Halons become"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2300.546,"endTime":2302.476,"body":"flammable themselves."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2302.749,"endTime":2304.2,"body":"uh, so that's not gonna work."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2304.552,"endTime":2308.132,"body":"And CO2 is challenging"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2304.552,"endTime":2308.132,"body":"because at the extinguishing"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2308.132,"endTime":2311.772,"body":"concentration is not a healthy"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2308.132,"endTime":2311.772,"body":"concentration for people."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2312.432,"endTime":2315.742,"body":"And that's why in small"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2312.432,"endTime":2315.742,"body":"volumes, it's not really."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2315.996,"endTime":2318.286,"body":"A great choice and it"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2315.996,"endTime":2318.286,"body":"gets worse if you have a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2318.286,"endTime":2319.406,"body":"higher oxygen environment."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2319.416,"endTime":2323.446,"body":"So they, uh, it's a good choice"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2319.416,"endTime":2323.446,"body":"for if you got a fire inside"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2323.446,"endTime":2328.006,"body":"a, an electronics rack, you can"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2323.446,"endTime":2328.006,"body":"deploy the CO2 in there and you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2328.006,"endTime":2332.366,"body":"can raise that whole rack to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2328.006,"endTime":2332.366,"body":"you know, half CO2 without, I"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2332.366,"endTime":2333.126,"body":"mean, a problem with the crew."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2333.48,"endTime":2334.459,"body":"how do you apply it?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2334.459,"endTime":2337.699,"body":"Uh, does it have like"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2334.459,"endTime":2337.699,"body":"special, uh, inlet dis"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2337.769,"endTime":2339.819,"body":"inside distribution"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2337.769,"endTime":2339.819,"body":"system in the racks?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2339.819,"endTime":2342.499,"body":"Because like, I, I assume"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2339.819,"endTime":2342.499,"body":"it's not a, someone"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2342.979,"endTime":2343.779,"body":"standing with a ex."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2343.889,"endTime":2347.219,"body":"I just imagine in my head"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2343.889,"endTime":2347.219,"body":"someone run not normal"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2347.219,"endTime":2348.779,"body":"extinguisher in the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2347.219,"endTime":2348.779,"body":"space station and they"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2348.779,"endTime":2350.919,"body":"would just immediately"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2348.779,"endTime":2350.919,"body":"fly away from the fire."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2351.339,"endTime":2353.208,"body":"So that's not a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2351.339,"endTime":2353.208,"body":"Robs application."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2353.344,"endTime":2355.044,"body":"Now, So the,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2353.344,"endTime":2355.044,"body":"all the extinguishers"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2355.044,"endTime":2355.724,"body":"have two choices."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2355.724,"endTime":2357.844,"body":"There's two, uh, nozzles."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2357.844,"endTime":2359.844,"body":"One is, uh, a diffuser"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2359.844,"endTime":2361.964,"body":"nozzle for spraying on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2359.844,"endTime":2361.964,"body":"a fire in front of you."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2362.024,"endTime":2365.484,"body":"And the other is a, a probe"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2362.024,"endTime":2365.484,"body":"that you stick into a,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2365.484,"endTime":2366.444,"body":"what's called a fire port."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2366.784,"endTime":2370.531,"body":"And all, uh, electronic systems"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2366.784,"endTime":2370.531,"body":"that, aren't sealed in a way to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2370.531,"endTime":2371.851,"body":"prevent a fire from propagating."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2371.851,"endTime":2372.811,"body":"Have to have a fire port"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2373.111,"endTime":2375.011,"body":"and you have to show"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2373.111,"endTime":2375.011,"body":"that the fire port"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2375.041,"endTime":2376.371,"body":"will, um, bite through,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2376.371,"endTime":2379.544,"body":"test, get the, gas to all"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2376.371,"endTime":2379.544,"body":"the corners of your rack."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2379.762,"endTime":2381.342,"body":"Wow,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2379.762,"endTime":2381.342,"body":"that's rocket science"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2381.742,"endTime":2384.422,"body":". That's a specific fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2381.742,"endTime":2384.422,"body":"part for extinguisher."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2384.422,"endTime":2385.382,"body":"That's, that's interesting."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2385.842,"endTime":2388.902,"body":"And uh, and these things"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2385.842,"endTime":2388.902,"body":"are operated by human or"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2388.902,"endTime":2391.772,"body":"there are like parts where"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2388.902,"endTime":2391.772,"body":"it would be like automated."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2391.909,"endTime":2394.919,"body":"the space shuttle"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2391.909,"endTime":2394.919,"body":"had, um, Certain sections of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2394.919,"endTime":2398.559,"body":"the, um, critical, um, avionics"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2394.919,"endTime":2398.559,"body":"were, uh, could be triggered"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2398.559,"endTime":2400.719,"body":"with a fire extinguisher"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2398.559,"endTime":2400.719,"body":"from the flight deck."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2401.146,"endTime":2404.582,"body":"But, the space station, it's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2401.146,"endTime":2404.582,"body":"all crew, extinguishment,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2404.582,"endTime":2407.689,"body":"so there are no, um, they"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2404.582,"endTime":2407.689,"body":"looked at a automatic, in a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2407.689,"endTime":2410.529,"body":"centralized system, but the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2407.689,"endTime":2410.529,"body":"mass penalty was too high."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2410.859,"endTime":2412.249,"body":"It was just everything you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2412.249,"endTime":2413.569,"body":"have to weigh benefit"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2413.569,"endTime":2415.849,"body":"versus how much you're gonna"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2413.569,"endTime":2415.849,"body":"launch, you know, some,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2415.876,"endTime":2417.974,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2415.876,"endTime":2417.974,"body":"since you are sending a lot"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2417.974,"endTime":2420.374,"body":"of kilograms of very well"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2417.974,"endTime":2420.374,"body":"trained personnel there"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2420.374,"endTime":2421.894,"body":"anyway, they can as well."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2421.894,"endTime":2423.157,"body":"I do that part."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2423.157,"endTime":2424.277,"body":"Great, great, great."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2424.677,"endTime":2426.487,"body":"next on my list, I"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2424.677,"endTime":2426.487,"body":"have ventilation."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2426.977,"endTime":2430.785,"body":"So, uh, you've said that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2426.977,"endTime":2430.785,"body":"some smoke will be filtered"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2430.785,"endTime":2432.321,"body":"by the life support system."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2432.371,"endTime":2436.354,"body":"So the, the smallest fires,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2432.371,"endTime":2436.354,"body":"I guess you can get away and."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2436.771,"endTime":2439.161,"body":"At, at what point"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2436.771,"endTime":2439.161,"body":"you would extract the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2439.161,"endTime":2440.201,"body":"smoke from the system?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2440.201,"endTime":2440.721,"body":"I dunno."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2440.911,"endTime":2444.521,"body":"Seal a part of the, of the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2440.911,"endTime":2444.521,"body":"station and just ventilate."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2444.817,"endTime":2446.849,"body":"yeah, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2444.817,"endTime":2446.849,"body":"scenario, they have to, it's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2447.129,"endTime":2448.969,"body":"gonna be a real time decision."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2449.209,"endTime":2451.649,"body":"There are certain sections of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2449.209,"endTime":2451.649,"body":"the station they could, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2451.649,"endTime":2454.729,"body":"then have needed, but generally"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2451.649,"endTime":2454.729,"body":"that most of them, you can't."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2455.096,"endTime":2457.766,"body":"um, and we're redesigning"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2455.096,"endTime":2457.766,"body":"what we call smoke eat, we"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2457.766,"endTime":2461.256,"body":"call it, which is a filtration"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2457.766,"endTime":2461.256,"body":"system, which, um, w would"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2461.256,"endTime":2464.976,"body":"be designed for a fire"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2461.256,"endTime":2464.976,"body":"scenario as opposed to the."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2465.941,"endTime":2469.191,"body":"Life support filtration systems,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2465.941,"endTime":2469.191,"body":"which aren't really design, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2469.487,"endTime":2470.537,"body":"fire's not their thing."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2470.627,"endTime":2471.457,"body":"Uh, main thing."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2471.457,"endTime":2474.687,"body":"So, but basically you would"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2471.457,"endTime":2474.687,"body":"have a series of, um, you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2474.687,"endTime":2477.527,"body":"know, aerosol filter, strip"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2474.687,"endTime":2477.527,"body":"out all the aerosols, followed"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2477.537,"endTime":2483.007,"body":"by a, um, catalyst bed to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2477.537,"endTime":2483.007,"body":"convert the CO to co2 and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2483.007,"endTime":2484.927,"body":"then a CO2 absorption, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2485.702,"endTime":2487.452,"body":"Ah,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2485.702,"endTime":2487.452,"body":"and because you're designing"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2487.452,"endTime":2490.509,"body":"for that anyway, for the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2487.452,"endTime":2490.509,"body":"breathing and, uh, okay."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2490.509,"endTime":2492.909,"body":"I, I guess Space Station"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2490.509,"endTime":2492.909,"body":"is a little different"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2492.909,"endTime":2496.642,"body":"because it's a complicated,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2492.909,"endTime":2496.642,"body":"building in a space to pretty"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2496.642,"endTime":2500.682,"body":"much, while, um, vehicles,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2496.642,"endTime":2500.682,"body":"uh, would be different."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2500.682,"endTime":2504.362,"body":"So if we think about, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2500.682,"endTime":2504.362,"body":"like Artemis, uh, vehicles"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2504.362,"endTime":2507.017,"body":"or something, there you don't"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2504.362,"endTime":2507.017,"body":"really have a possibility"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2507.017,"endTime":2509.861,"body":"to ventilate because or,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2507.017,"endTime":2509.861,"body":"or you have, you would have"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2509.861,"endTime":2512.821,"body":"to have the, crew wearing"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2509.861,"endTime":2512.821,"body":"space suits pretty much"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2512.821,"endTime":2515.181,"body":"all the time or be able to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2512.821,"endTime":2515.181,"body":"access them very quickly."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2515.271,"endTime":2517.501,"body":"Is, is that a thing,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2515.271,"endTime":2517.501,"body":"uh, is it possible to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2517.501,"endTime":2519.181,"body":"ventilate in such vehicles?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2519.341,"endTime":2520.431,"body":"Well decompress."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2520.431,"endTime":2524.551,"body":"The, the vehicle could be, is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2520.431,"endTime":2524.551,"body":"designed to be decompress in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2524.551,"endTime":2527.231,"body":"the event that they have to do"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2524.551,"endTime":2527.231,"body":"emergency, uh, extravehicular"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2527.511,"endTime":2527.631,"body":"activity."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2528.021,"endTime":2530.764,"body":"They can, um, Decompress the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2528.021,"endTime":2530.764,"body":"vehicle, open the hatch and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2530.764,"endTime":2533.567,"body":"go outside and fix whatever,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2530.764,"endTime":2533.567,"body":"uh, needs to be dealt with."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2533.777,"endTime":2536.391,"body":"Um, um, and the land itself,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2533.777,"endTime":2536.391,"body":"of course the door opens."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2536.831,"endTime":2539.684,"body":"but The electronics can function"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2536.831,"endTime":2539.684,"body":"without air in them, so you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2539.684,"endTime":2540.524,"body":"can maintain your vehicle."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2541.174,"endTime":2543.847,"body":"Um, but generally they, and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2541.174,"endTime":2543.847,"body":"depending on the mission, they"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2543.847,"endTime":2546.847,"body":"have a certain amount of a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2543.847,"endTime":2546.847,"body":"spare oxygen stores to manage"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2546.847,"endTime":2549.754,"body":"both, a necessary e eva or"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2546.847,"endTime":2549.754,"body":"if there's a leak scenario,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2549.754,"endTime":2552.474,"body":"they have to be able to feed"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2549.754,"endTime":2552.474,"body":"the leak until they can,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2552.484,"endTime":2555.314,"body":"um, either fix it or return."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2555.964,"endTime":2559.657,"body":"Um, but that doesn't, Give"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2555.964,"endTime":2559.657,"body":"you enough oxygen typically to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2559.727,"endTime":2563.217,"body":"carelessly, you probably can"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2559.727,"endTime":2563.217,"body":"replace one atmo, one volume of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2563.217,"endTime":2564.257,"body":"your chamber, your vehicle."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2564.474,"endTime":2566.254,"body":"You, uh, typically"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2564.474,"endTime":2566.254,"body":"wouldn't do it all at once."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2566.254,"endTime":2568.624,"body":"You'd have to vent and fill,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2566.254,"endTime":2568.624,"body":"go to the lowest pressure"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2568.624,"endTime":2571.024,"body":"you can tolerate, vent,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2568.624,"endTime":2571.024,"body":"venting, and back fill."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2571.311,"endTime":2572.601,"body":"so they, um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2572.951,"endTime":2573.706,"body":"Typically wanna"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2573.706,"endTime":2576.772,"body":"manage the, products"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2573.706,"endTime":2576.772,"body":"also by, um, filtration"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2576.832,"endTime":2579.072,"body":"and, uh, replenishment"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2576.832,"endTime":2579.072,"body":"in all those vehicles."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2579.072,"endTime":2582.072,"body":"The crew could go on back"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2579.072,"endTime":2582.072,"body":"in their suits and mask up"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2582.212,"endTime":2585.179,"body":"and then, breathe off the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2582.212,"endTime":2585.179,"body":"suit loop, which would also,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2585.229,"endTime":2587.162,"body":"um, Provide them clean air."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2587.162,"endTime":2588.242,"body":"So that's the other option."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2588.292,"endTime":2590.362,"body":"So it, there's, it's really"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2590.512,"endTime":2591.282,"body":"very vehicle"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2591.762,"endTime":2591.922,"body":"specific."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2591.922,"endTime":2595.766,"body":"You've got the, NASA spacecraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2591.922,"endTime":2595.766,"body":"and, um, and you've got the,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2595.81,"endTime":2598.369,"body":"commercial, lander vehicle,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2595.81,"endTime":2598.369,"body":"plus you've got these commercial"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2598.599,"endTime":2602.169,"body":"crew vehicles and all of them"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2598.599,"endTime":2602.169,"body":"have made different solutions,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2602.332,"endTime":2603.952,"body":"for the, this question."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2603.972,"endTime":2604.832,"body":"But they all have."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2604.997,"endTime":2608.207,"body":"Have some level of, uh, be"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2604.997,"endTime":2608.207,"body":"able to tolerate a leak and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2608.207,"endTime":2610.687,"body":"recover, you know, manage"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2608.207,"endTime":2610.687,"body":"it and re return to earth in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2610.687,"endTime":2614.887,"body":"time, and have a scenario where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2610.687,"endTime":2614.887,"body":"they can provide alternate"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2614.887,"endTime":2616.987,"body":"breathing until they can"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2614.887,"endTime":2616.987,"body":"get, uh, the crew to safety."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2616.992,"endTime":2619.202,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2616.992,"endTime":2619.202,"body":"last on my list is evacuation,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2619.202,"endTime":2622.679,"body":"but I already understand that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2619.202,"endTime":2622.679,"body":"they're not just victims of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2622.679,"endTime":2625.559,"body":"a fire, they are firefighters"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2622.679,"endTime":2625.559,"body":"on their own as well."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2625.559,"endTime":2629.832,"body":"So, So I guess the procedure, to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2625.559,"endTime":2629.832,"body":"your best understanding, how do,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2629.932,"endTime":2631.512,"body":"how would the procedures look?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2631.592,"endTime":2634.192,"body":"Would they like, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2631.592,"endTime":2634.192,"body":"first being formed?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2635.037,"endTime":2638.321,"body":"Intervene and in case of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2635.037,"endTime":2638.321,"body":"overwhelm, they would, escape."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2638.901,"endTime":2640.881,"body":"Who takes decision"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2638.901,"endTime":2640.881,"body":"about evacuating?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2640.881,"endTime":2645.224,"body":"Is it, is it the mission"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2640.881,"endTime":2645.224,"body":"control or, or, the commander"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2645.224,"endTime":2646.864,"body":"in the space station."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2646.914,"endTime":2648.354,"body":"I guess"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2646.914,"endTime":2648.354,"body":"I, it depends on the,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2649.014,"endTime":2650.024,"body":"extent of the fire."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2650.054,"endTime":2652.544,"body":"I and the crew has the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2650.054,"endTime":2652.544,"body":"ability to make the decision"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2652.544,"endTime":2653.824,"body":"on their own, on the space"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2653.824,"endTime":2656.824,"body":"station, but typically wouldn't"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2653.824,"endTime":2656.824,"body":"expect the fire to be slow"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2656.824,"endTime":2660.264,"body":"enough where there be time"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2656.824,"endTime":2660.264,"body":"to, uh, communicate that their"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2660.264,"endTime":2663.264,"body":"first priority is to get to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2660.264,"endTime":2663.264,"body":"uh, their escape vehicle."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2663.834,"endTime":2667.139,"body":"So then they, um, There's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2663.834,"endTime":2667.139,"body":"assured return for everybody."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2667.139,"endTime":2670.099,"body":"There's a seat home for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2667.139,"endTime":2670.099,"body":"everybody, but they're not all."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2670.204,"endTime":2671.624,"body":"May not be near them."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2671.634,"endTime":2673.347,"body":"So, hopefully they're all"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2673.347,"endTime":2673.587,"body":"not"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2673.587,"endTime":2675.467,"body":"on separated by"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2675.467,"endTime":2676.187,"body":"the fire from their."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2676.187,"endTime":2676.627,"body":"way home."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2676.967,"endTime":2680.014,"body":"But, um, so that's the Cause"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2676.967,"endTime":2680.014,"body":"there isn't necessarily a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2680.254,"endTime":2682.414,"body":"properly fitted suit for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2680.254,"endTime":2682.414,"body":"them in the other vehicle,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2682.414,"endTime":2683.254,"body":"so they re there's a."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2683.378,"endTime":2685.669,"body":"Uh, challenge to get"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2683.378,"endTime":2685.669,"body":"to the right place."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2686.099,"endTime":2686.589,"body":"Once"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2686.589,"endTime":2688.789,"body":"they're, there, then"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2686.589,"endTime":2688.789,"body":"they, begin to address the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2688.789,"endTime":2690.589,"body":"fire they put on"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2688.789,"endTime":2690.589,"body":"their protective"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2690.589,"endTime":2694.692,"body":"gear, grab an extinguisher,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2690.589,"endTime":2694.692,"body":"and, proceed to, cut power to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2694.692,"endTime":2695.732,"body":"the affected system, et cetera."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2695.732,"endTime":2697.612,"body":"But the first priority is to get"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2697.612,"endTime":2697.732,"body":"them."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2698.557,"endTime":2698.907,"body":"On"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2698.907,"endTime":2699.987,"body":"the safe side of the fire."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2700.807,"endTime":2701.707,"body":"And then, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2701.707,"endTime":2702.347,"body":"from then they"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2702.347,"endTime":2704.227,"body":"would again, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2702.347,"endTime":2704.227,"body":"general practice"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2704.317,"endTime":2707.827,"body":"is immediately to cut the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2704.317,"endTime":2707.827,"body":"flow in the affected module"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2707.847,"endTime":2710.187,"body":"and particularly the affected"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2707.847,"endTime":2710.187,"body":"rack or whatever system."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2710.607,"endTime":2713.267,"body":"And that will tend to,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2710.607,"endTime":2713.267,"body":"um, dramatically weaken"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2713.267,"endTime":2715.427,"body":"the fire and hope this"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2713.267,"endTime":2715.427,"body":"will go out on its own."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2715.977,"endTime":2719.147,"body":"Then they proceed to use the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2715.977,"endTime":2719.147,"body":"extinguisher as a indicated."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2719.471,"endTime":2719.961,"body":"okay."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2720.091,"endTime":2722.827,"body":"Uh, I have friends, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2720.091,"endTime":2722.827,"body":"who are involved with,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2722.827,"endTime":2724.5,"body":"with Nexus Aurora projects."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2724.5,"endTime":2727.732,"body":"They, they design habitats"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2724.5,"endTime":2727.732,"body":"and I would get murdered"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2727.732,"endTime":2730.852,"body":"if I don't ask you some"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2727.732,"endTime":2730.852,"body":"stuff about, uh, potential,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2730.942,"endTime":2732.292,"body":"uh, future exploration."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2732.292,"endTime":2736.372,"body":"But habitats may be a, a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2732.292,"endTime":2736.372,"body":"far thing ahead, but we"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2736.372,"endTime":2739.562,"body":"have, uh, moon to fly soon"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2736.372,"endTime":2739.562,"body":"with, Artemis program."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2739.572,"endTime":2741.842,"body":"So I, I think it's,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2739.572,"endTime":2741.842,"body":"it's very relevant."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2742.492,"endTime":2745.682,"body":"So maybe let's try discuss,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2742.492,"endTime":2745.682,"body":"uh, how does the challenge,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2745.932,"endTime":2748.522,"body":"uh, change when you go from."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2749.178,"endTime":2751.359,"body":"Earth's gravity to,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2749.178,"endTime":2751.359,"body":"let's say moon gravity."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2752.379,"endTime":2754.639,"body":"Are there any specific"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2752.379,"endTime":2754.639,"body":"changes to that?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2754.639,"endTime":2754.97,"body":"Cause"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2755.006,"endTime":2757.936,"body":"Yeah, it's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2755.006,"endTime":2757.936,"body":"actually very, very challenging."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2757.936,"endTime":2761.016,"body":"I mean, first, as we mentioned"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2757.936,"endTime":2761.016,"body":"it, most of the near term"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2761.016,"endTime":2763.096,"body":"habitats, there'll be a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2761.016,"endTime":2763.096,"body":"higher oxygen environment,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2763.306,"endTime":2764.616,"body":"so that raises"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2763.306,"endTime":2764.616,"body":"the flow mobility."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2764.806,"endTime":2767.016,"body":"Second of all, now you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2764.806,"endTime":2767.016,"body":"have buoyant flow, so you"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2767.016,"endTime":2769.616,"body":"can't count on turning off"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2767.016,"endTime":2769.616,"body":"the flow to turn off fires"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2769.682,"endTime":2773.002,"body":"and it will support fires"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2769.682,"endTime":2773.002,"body":"in narrow channels and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2773.002,"endTime":2774.242,"body":"you get back to the in."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2774.457,"endTime":2777.484,"body":"Inflammability case where"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2774.457,"endTime":2777.484,"body":"you have, uh, more enhanced"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2777.484,"endTime":2780.204,"body":"interaction between two"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2777.484,"endTime":2780.204,"body":"surfaces, uh, to support a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2780.204,"endTime":2784.737,"body":"fire that, um, so things that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2780.204,"endTime":2784.737,"body":"will fail the NASA test In"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2784.737,"endTime":2788.234,"body":"one G, with another piece of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2784.737,"endTime":2788.234,"body":"material nearby will burn."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2788.234,"endTime":2790.594,"body":"For example, wood"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2788.234,"endTime":2790.594,"body":"is a classic thing."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2790.594,"endTime":2793.794,"body":"One piece of wood is very hard"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2790.594,"endTime":2793.794,"body":"to ignite a continuing fire"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2793.794,"endTime":2795.434,"body":"on, put two near each other."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2795.434,"endTime":2796.554,"body":"You can easily ignite it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2796.684,"endTime":2799.397,"body":"So, the, uh, similarly in"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2796.684,"endTime":2799.397,"body":"space that can have similar"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2799.397,"endTime":2800.277,"body":"effects with interactions."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2800.277,"endTime":2802.637,"body":"So you can, and you can have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2800.277,"endTime":2802.637,"body":"fires and narrow channels."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2802.937,"endTime":2805.117,"body":"And then on top of"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2802.937,"endTime":2805.117,"body":"that, the detection is."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2805.692,"endTime":2808.102,"body":"I would describe as an"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2805.692,"endTime":2808.102,"body":"unsolved problem as yet"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2808.392,"endTime":2811.102,"body":"we know there's buoyancy"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2808.392,"endTime":2811.102,"body":"and that's gonna push the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2811.102,"endTime":2814.662,"body":"smoke up to the ceiling,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2811.102,"endTime":2814.662,"body":"uh, but less strongly than"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2814.662,"endTime":2815.822,"body":"it does in, uh, one gene."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2816.152,"endTime":2819.576,"body":"And the lunar surface"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2816.152,"endTime":2819.576,"body":"dust is very hazardous."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2819.576,"endTime":2820.816,"body":"It's very small particles,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2821.106,"endTime":2824.056,"body":"so it's in the, in a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2821.106,"endTime":2824.056,"body":"submicron range, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2824.056,"endTime":2826.056,"body":"which is very bad for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2824.056,"endTime":2826.056,"body":"human respiration."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2826.486,"endTime":2827.496,"body":"That, that's like the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2827.496,"endTime":2828.496,"body":"size of smoke particles."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2828.688,"endTime":2829.726,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2829.976,"endTime":2832.726,"body":"There's the detection issue,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2829.976,"endTime":2832.726,"body":"but on top of it, it's just"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2832.726,"endTime":2833.966,"body":"a very bad respiration issue."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2833.966,"endTime":2837.846,"body":"It's, um, so they really want"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2833.966,"endTime":2837.846,"body":"to get it out of the, and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2837.846,"endTime":2840.886,"body":"they're taking steps, but it's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2837.846,"endTime":2840.886,"body":"gonna come in on the surfaces"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2840.886,"endTime":2841.686,"body":"of the suits, et cetera."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2841.686,"endTime":2843.366,"body":"They're gonna have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2841.686,"endTime":2843.366,"body":"to mitigate it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2843.576,"endTime":2844.646,"body":"So, uh, the."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2845.261,"endTime":2847.791,"body":"Likely scenario is you're"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2845.261,"endTime":2847.791,"body":"gonna have pretty aggressive"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2847.791,"endTime":2850.831,"body":"ventilation downward to take"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2847.791,"endTime":2850.831,"body":"advantage of the gravity to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2850.831,"endTime":2853.391,"body":"help push the particles to the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2850.831,"endTime":2853.391,"body":"floor where you'll suck 'em out."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2853.851,"endTime":2857.991,"body":"And so the question is, for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2853.851,"endTime":2857.991,"body":"a plausible lunar fire, will"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2857.991,"endTime":2861.051,"body":"the smoke plume penetrate"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2857.991,"endTime":2861.051,"body":"that, downward flow, or not?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2861.421,"endTime":2864.291,"body":"So we're still trying to model"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2861.421,"endTime":2864.291,"body":"that to get a good understanding"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2864.291,"endTime":2867.854,"body":"of the best, approach for"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2864.291,"endTime":2867.854,"body":"pla placing your detectors."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2868.739,"endTime":2869.599,"body":"For, for once."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2869.629,"endTime":2873.119,"body":"I, I feel like my earthly"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2869.629,"endTime":2873.119,"body":"experience is somewhat relevant"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2873.809,"endTime":2876.679,"body":"to the problem you've mentioned"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2873.809,"endTime":2876.679,"body":"because, uh, in earthly"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2876.879,"endTime":2879.559,"body":"buildings we often do hot smoke"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2876.879,"endTime":2879.559,"body":"tests at the commissioning"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2879.559,"endTime":2881.319,"body":"stage of the, of the buildings."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2881.779,"endTime":2886.542,"body":"And here we use a fairly small"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2881.779,"endTime":2886.542,"body":"sized, sources of, of fire,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2886.62,"endTime":2890.442,"body":"hundreds of kilowatts maximum to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2886.62,"endTime":2890.442,"body":"warm up the layers of smoke that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2890.442,"endTime":2892.569,"body":"we put into the, um, building."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2892.859,"endTime":2894.089,"body":"Of course, it's a , but."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2894.609,"endTime":2898.119,"body":"If we have any source of air"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2894.609,"endTime":2898.119,"body":"that is like high velocity,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2898.149,"endTime":2902.359,"body":"jets of air that mixed with"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2898.149,"endTime":2902.359,"body":"our smoke, you, what you get"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2902.549,"endTime":2907.056,"body":"with is a smoke mixture and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2902.549,"endTime":2907.056,"body":"aerosol mixture, that is at"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2907.056,"endTime":2908.696,"body":"the ambient, uh, temperature."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2908.746,"endTime":2911.536,"body":"So it loses its buoyancy,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2908.746,"endTime":2911.536,"body":"so suddenly it just moves,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2911.536,"endTime":2913.736,"body":"you know, uh, more like in."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2914.129,"endTime":2917.319,"body":"Inertia flow, it's not"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2914.129,"endTime":2917.319,"body":"even dispersion anymore."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2917.319,"endTime":2920.279,"body":"It's like with inertia of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2917.319,"endTime":2920.279,"body":"the flow that it got trapped"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2920.279,"endTime":2922.839,"body":"into and you end up with"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2920.279,"endTime":2922.839,"body":"this very persistent mixture"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2922.969,"endTime":2924.919,"body":"of, of smoke everywhere."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2924.919,"endTime":2927.999,"body":"That is extremely difficult to"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2924.919,"endTime":2927.999,"body":"remove because you don't have a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2927.999,"endTime":2930.519,"body":"forest that would move it to the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2927.999,"endTime":2930.519,"body":"place you would like it to be."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2931.009,"endTime":2934.279,"body":"So you either have to end up"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2931.009,"endTime":2934.279,"body":"with very strong opposing flows."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2934.659,"endTime":2937.346,"body":"Basically move"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2934.659,"endTime":2937.346,"body":"everything, to one side."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2937.346,"endTime":2940.186,"body":"But that probably will be"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2937.346,"endTime":2940.186,"body":"difficult in a habit habitat"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2940.186,"endTime":2943.226,"body":"where you don't have excessive"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2940.186,"endTime":2943.226,"body":"air from outside you can use"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2943.226,"endTime":2944.866,"body":"to over ventilate your space."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2945.156,"endTime":2948.259,"body":"So I, I see this could"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2945.156,"endTime":2948.259,"body":"be potentially quite"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2948.499,"endTime":2949.779,"body":"challenging, uh, to combat."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2950.109,"endTime":2953.179,"body":"We, we once, uh, feel the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2950.109,"endTime":2953.179,"body":"whole sports arena with this"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2953.179,"endTime":2955.979,"body":"smoke, and it took like three"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2953.179,"endTime":2955.979,"body":"days to get rid out of it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2956.259,"endTime":2959.182,"body":"so, so, so yeah, it,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2956.259,"endTime":2959.182,"body":"it, it may be a c."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2959.764,"endTime":2962.072,"body":"good advice to friends"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2959.764,"endTime":2962.072,"body":"on, on the moon."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2962.122,"endTime":2964.712,"body":"If you go outside, don't"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2962.122,"endTime":2964.712,"body":"take a deep breath because"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2964.712,"endTime":2966.312,"body":"the, the dust is bad for"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2966.312,"endTime":2966.872,"body":"your lungs."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2966.892,"endTime":2967.212,"body":"exactly."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2968.812,"endTime":2970.752,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2968.812,"endTime":2970.752,"body":"what about Mars exploration"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2970.752,"endTime":2974.277,"body":"missions, uh, long flights"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2970.752,"endTime":2974.277,"body":"and, and habitat on Mars?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2974.416,"endTime":2976.996,"body":"How do you see special"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2974.416,"endTime":2976.996,"body":"challenges with"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":2977.276,"endTime":2977.444,"body":"that?"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2977.647,"endTime":2977.997,"body":"Uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2977.997,"endTime":2979.597,"body":"Well, the it's a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2977.997,"endTime":2979.597,"body":"different gravitational"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2979.597,"endTime":2981.397,"body":"level and we haven't"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2979.597,"endTime":2981.397,"body":"really figured out,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2981.524,"endTime":2983.204,"body":"which is the most, is the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2983.204,"endTime":2985.804,"body":"highest, uh, flowability"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2983.204,"endTime":2985.804,"body":"condition is believed"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2985.804,"endTime":2987.324,"body":"to be somewhere in the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2985.804,"endTime":2987.324,"body":"lunar martian range."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2987.324,"endTime":2988.044,"body":"We haven't really"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2988.044,"endTime":2990.497,"body":"pinned down, cuz of this"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2988.044,"endTime":2990.497,"body":"competition between, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2990.857,"endTime":2993.057,"body":"cooling and ventilation"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2990.857,"endTime":2993.057,"body":"aspect of the flow."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2993.587,"endTime":2996.217,"body":"Uh, there's, um, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2993.587,"endTime":2996.217,"body":"maximum flowability is"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2996.217,"endTime":2996.977,"body":"somewhere in that range."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2997.027,"endTime":2999.777,"body":"So, and you would think"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2997.027,"endTime":2999.777,"body":"Martian would be, tend to have"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":2999.836,"endTime":3001.606,"body":"Stronger flames once ignited."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3002.256,"endTime":3004.526,"body":"Um, so those are all"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3002.256,"endTime":3004.526,"body":"gonna be challenges."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3004.526,"endTime":3006.293,"body":"We don't really, we"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3004.526,"endTime":3006.293,"body":"have not brought."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3006.349,"endTime":3008.199,"body":"Soil samples are, um, regular."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3008.199,"endTime":3009.239,"body":"It's called back from"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3009.239,"endTime":3009.639,"body":"Mars."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3009.929,"endTime":3012.759,"body":"So we don't know with certainty"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3009.929,"endTime":3012.759,"body":"how small the particles are,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3013.299,"endTime":3015.596,"body":"but there was a lot of water"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3013.299,"endTime":3015.596,"body":"on Mars at one point, so"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3015.596,"endTime":3017.796,"body":"maybe they're not as small"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3015.596,"endTime":3017.796,"body":"as they're on the moon, but"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3017.796,"endTime":3018.916,"body":"this really isn't known."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3018.916,"endTime":3020.756,"body":"So when expect that"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3018.916,"endTime":3020.756,"body":"there's still a big"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3020.756,"endTime":3021.836,"body":"dust problem on Mars."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3022.336,"endTime":3023.116,"body":"And, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3023.116,"endTime":3026.326,"body":"so I think it's gonna be"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3023.116,"endTime":3026.326,"body":"similar to the moon, but."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3026.355,"endTime":3029.579,"body":"with a difference in the flame"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3026.355,"endTime":3029.579,"body":"intensity and, you know, the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3029.579,"endTime":3031.339,"body":"plume strength, uh, from a fire,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3031.506,"endTime":3033.499,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3031.506,"endTime":3033.499,"body":"for, we, we were talking only"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3033.499,"endTime":3035.699,"body":"mant exploration, uh, so far."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3035.879,"endTime":3038.859,"body":"And for unmanned missions like"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3035.879,"endTime":3038.859,"body":"James Webb based telescope"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3039.269,"endTime":3041.931,"body":"is, is fire safety also"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3039.269,"endTime":3041.931,"body":"something of a concern or,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3041.931,"endTime":3044.466,"body":"essentially"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3041.931,"endTime":3044.466,"body":"not because, uh, all"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3044.786,"endTime":3046.106,"body":"those, uh, other spacecraft"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3046.106,"endTime":3048.739,"body":"don't have an, know, environment"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3046.106,"endTime":3048.739,"body":"with oxygen, any that they"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3048.794,"endTime":3049.228,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3049.367,"endTime":3049.917,"body":"Of course."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3049.917,"endTime":3050.157,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3050.195,"endTime":3052.667,"body":"They, they almost"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3050.195,"endTime":3052.667,"body":"always designed them to be, um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3052.687,"endTime":3054.227,"body":"not have any atmosphere in it."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3054.227,"endTime":3057.387,"body":"And they use other systems to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3054.227,"endTime":3057.387,"body":"cool their electronics, but,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3057.387,"endTime":3060.884,"body":"uh, if you were gonna have an"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3057.387,"endTime":3060.884,"body":"atmosphere, you'd naturally make"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3060.884,"endTime":3061.924,"body":"it nitrogen or something else."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3061.924,"endTime":3063.964,"body":"Cause there's no reason to"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3061.924,"endTime":3063.964,"body":"have, uh, oxygen present."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3064.1,"endTime":3066.257,"body":"seems"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3064.1,"endTime":3066.257,"body":"that, um, humankind and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3066.257,"endTime":3067.337,"body":"fires go hand by hand."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3068.162,"endTime":3070.832,"body":"In space, In space,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3068.162,"endTime":3070.832,"body":"exploration for sure."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3071.277,"endTime":3071.627,"body":"we"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3071.627,"endTime":3072.347,"body":"breathe the same thing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3072.572,"endTime":3074.202,"body":"we"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3072.572,"endTime":3074.202,"body":"read the same, Essentially"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3074.202,"endTime":3075.242,"body":"it's a very similar process."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3075.272,"endTime":3079.242,"body":"It's just the time scale and,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3075.272,"endTime":3079.242,"body":"uh, and chemical, uh, process a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3079.242,"endTime":3082.322,"body":"little different, but yep, it's,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3079.242,"endTime":3082.322,"body":"it's very much the same thing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3082.842,"endTime":3084.082,"body":"Chemical, uh, release of heat."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3084.152,"endTime":3087.514,"body":"David, , one last thing"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3084.152,"endTime":3087.514,"body":"I would like to ask you."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3087.604,"endTime":3089.754,"body":"Um, a lot of people"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3087.604,"endTime":3089.754,"body":"are listening."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3089.864,"endTime":3092.434,"body":"A lot of them are"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3089.864,"endTime":3092.434,"body":"young fire engineers."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3093.124,"endTime":3096.954,"body":"Do you think, uh, one day"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3093.124,"endTime":3096.954,"body":"something like, uh, space fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3097.274,"endTime":3099.194,"body":"engineer pathway will open?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3099.194,"endTime":3100.514,"body":"Maybe it's open already."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3100.718,"endTime":3103.455,"body":"like it sounds like"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3100.718,"endTime":3103.455,"body":"such an exciting, thing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3103.678,"endTime":3106.228,"body":"if I ask my younger self,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3103.678,"endTime":3106.228,"body":"Would you like to be"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3106.228,"endTime":3107.148,"body":"a space fire engineer?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3107.148,"endTime":3107.628,"body":"Oh boy."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3107.778,"endTime":3108.268,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3108.654,"endTime":3111.784,"body":"I wonder, to what extent"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3108.654,"endTime":3111.784,"body":"do you see this, like, in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3111.784,"endTime":3112.944,"body":"a way, a growing industry?"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3113.124,"endTime":3115.064,"body":"Now, now we, we live"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3113.124,"endTime":3115.064,"body":"in a different world"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3115.064,"endTime":3116.304,"body":"than, than 50 years ago."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3116.354,"endTime":3119.504,"body":"We have private companies"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3116.354,"endTime":3119.504,"body":"that regularly go to orbit."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3119.504,"endTime":3120.904,"body":"This, this is amazing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3121.034,"endTime":3122.944,"body":"Uh, who knows what will"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3121.034,"endTime":3122.944,"body":"happen in 50 years."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3123.085,"endTime":3123.799,"body":"Well, it's true."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3123.799,"endTime":3125.079,"body":"I think, uh, it's gonna grow."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3125.149,"endTime":3127.799,"body":"I don't think it will ever"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3125.149,"endTime":3127.799,"body":"rise to the point of, uh,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3128.199,"endTime":3129.279,"body":"terrestrial fire engineering."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3129.409,"endTime":3129.759,"body":"Um,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3129.759,"endTime":3131.559,"body":"but we currently"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3129.759,"endTime":3131.559,"body":"have a great group"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3131.559,"endTime":3131.799,"body":"of,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3131.799,"endTime":3132.039,"body":"uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3132.559,"endTime":3133.759,"body":"Engineering, that's, uh,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3133.779,"endTime":3136.359,"body":"I'm, I'm putting that in"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3133.779,"endTime":3136.359,"body":"my, on my business card now."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3136.519,"endTime":3137.189,"body":"Exactly."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3137.399,"endTime":3137.679,"body":"Engineering,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3138.229,"endTime":3139.909,"body":"We've got a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3138.229,"endTime":3139.909,"body":"great group of researchers,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3140.079,"endTime":3143.309,"body":"uh, with us at NASA and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3140.079,"endTime":3143.309,"body":"interact with excellent ones"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3143.309,"endTime":3145.629,"body":"at the, you know, some of the"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3143.309,"endTime":3145.629,"body":"commercial providers, et cetera."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3145.629,"endTime":3147.856,"body":"So there's really a"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3145.629,"endTime":3147.856,"body":"one, you know, but know,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3147.856,"endTime":3149.336,"body":"that's all globally."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3149.336,"endTime":3151.856,"body":"We're a small group and"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3149.336,"endTime":3151.856,"body":"there's also, we great"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3151.856,"endTime":3154.496,"body":"fire researchers at other,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3151.856,"endTime":3154.496,"body":"the other space agencies."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3154.496,"endTime":3158.396,"body":"So there's really a tremendously"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3154.496,"endTime":3158.396,"body":"um, Group of researchers"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3158.946,"endTime":3160.683,"body":"engineers, although albeit"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3158.946,"endTime":3160.683,"body":"small, but I think this"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3160.683,"endTime":3161.563,"body":"is a growing opportunity."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3161.563,"endTime":3163.203,"body":"There's clearly gonna be"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3161.563,"endTime":3163.203,"body":"more space, flight in the."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3163.203,"endTime":3166.923,"body":"future, so it is a future"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3163.203,"endTime":3166.923,"body":"opportunity, and a very fun one."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3167.068,"endTime":3169.678,"body":"I've,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3167.068,"endTime":3169.678,"body":"I suddenly have seen a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3170.028,"endTime":3173.158,"body":"fire engineer position"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3170.028,"endTime":3173.158,"body":"for Spaceport fire safety"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3173.408,"endTime":3175.718,"body":"at SpaceX some time ago."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3176.008,"endTime":3178.078,"body":"So, uh, that's already"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3176.008,"endTime":3178.078,"body":"close enough to me"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3178.608,"endTime":3180.954,"body":"to, to, even touch the,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3178.608,"endTime":3180.954,"body":"the, this infrastructure."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3181.164,"endTime":3183.324,"body":"David, thank you so"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3181.164,"endTime":3183.324,"body":"much for your time."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3183.324,"endTime":3186.196,"body":"This was an excellent"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3183.324,"endTime":3186.196,"body":"conversation and, Wow."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3186.326,"endTime":3189.676,"body":"Uh, such a, such a different"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3186.326,"endTime":3189.676,"body":"view on, on the fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3189.676,"endTime":3192.196,"body":"science, fire problems,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3189.676,"endTime":3192.196,"body":"combustion fundamentals."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3192.326,"endTime":3194.316,"body":"It feels like, like"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3192.326,"endTime":3194.316,"body":"rocket science now,"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3194.556,"endTime":3195.326,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3195.676,"endTime":3198.566,"body":"It's been this huge op fun"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3195.676,"endTime":3198.566,"body":"opportunity for me as well."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3198.756,"endTime":3202.086,"body":"I really enjoy your podcast"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3198.756,"endTime":3202.086,"body":"and I'm, I think, um, it's"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3202.186,"endTime":3204.229,"body":"got a great information"},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3202.186,"endTime":3204.229,"body":"for lots of people on"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3204.408,"endTime":3205.978,"body":"I"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3204.408,"endTime":3205.978,"body":"wonder too, how many people,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3205.978,"endTime":3210.418,"body":"it'll be relevant what we've"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3205.978,"endTime":3210.418,"body":"talked today, but I think for"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3210.618,"endTime":3211.658,"body":"everyone it'll be interesting."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3211.658,"endTime":3215.028,"body":"So, it's, uh, definitely has"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3211.658,"endTime":3215.028,"body":"been a big pleasure and for"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3215.028,"endTime":3218.028,"body":"me, uh, a very, very special"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3215.028,"endTime":3218.028,"body":"thing to, to talk with someone"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3218.028,"endTime":3219.948,"body":"from NASA about my own job."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3219.948,"endTime":3221.468,"body":"That's, that's, um, amazing."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3221.668,"endTime":3222.708,"body":"Thank you so much for that."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3222.903,"endTime":3223.613,"body":"Uh, my pleasure."},{"speaker":"David Urban","startTime":3223.613,"endTime":3224.093,"body":"Thank you."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3224.922,"endTime":3225.402,"body":"And that's it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3226.362,"endTime":3227.202,"body":"Well, thank you, David."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3227.252,"endTime":3229.832,"body":"I was a fantastic discussion"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3227.252,"endTime":3229.832,"body":"and I enjoyed it thoroughly."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3230.852,"endTime":3231.872,"body":"And I'm especially thankful."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3231.872,"endTime":3234.722,"body":"Well, you cannot know that,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3231.872,"endTime":3234.722,"body":"but we have to recall this"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3234.722,"endTime":3238.22,"body":"twice, the first time because"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3234.722,"endTime":3238.22,"body":"of a technical, problems I've"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3238.22,"endTime":3239.48,"body":"lost the whole recording."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3240.05,"endTime":3240.53,"body":"Of David."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3240.53,"endTime":3243.08,"body":"So we had to actually meet"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3240.53,"endTime":3243.08,"body":"once again and the Rica"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3243.17,"endTime":3245.72,"body":"the second I can say the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3243.17,"endTime":3245.72,"body":"second time was better."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3245.81,"endTime":3245.99,"body":"So."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3246.02,"endTime":3248.593,"body":"So in the end, you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3246.02,"endTime":3248.593,"body":"have a better product."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3249.313,"endTime":3250.153,"body":"In your ears."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3250.153,"endTime":3251.743,"body":"I hope you may enjoy that a lot."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3252.307,"endTime":3255.937,"body":"from the things that I took"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3252.307,"endTime":3255.937,"body":"from this I took so many."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3256.237,"endTime":3258.637,"body":"Maybe I'll call in on a thing"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3256.237,"endTime":3258.637,"body":"that we maybe touch them"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3258.637,"endTime":3261.967,"body":"more in the first recording"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3258.637,"endTime":3261.967,"body":"session that that was lost."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3262.657,"endTime":3264.817,"body":"And we didn't touch that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3262.657,"endTime":3264.817,"body":"much in the second one."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3264.817,"endTime":3267.517,"body":"The second one was, had"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3264.817,"endTime":3267.517,"body":"so many items on it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3267.517,"endTime":3270.337,"body":"So we didn't cover that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3267.517,"endTime":3270.337,"body":"that much, but the role of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3270.337,"endTime":3275.077,"body":"ventilation in the spacecraft"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3270.337,"endTime":3275.077,"body":"and David mentioned that"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3275.107,"endTime":3277.417,"body":"there's constant velocity"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3275.107,"endTime":3277.417,"body":"flow of 20 centimeters per"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3277.417,"endTime":3278.527,"body":"second in the whole cabin."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3278.994,"endTime":3280.774,"body":"So there is a move"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3278.994,"endTime":3280.774,"body":"around the station."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3281.604,"endTime":3283.944,"body":"And when the fire is"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3281.604,"endTime":3283.944,"body":"detected, they stop it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3284.274,"endTime":3287.631,"body":"So now the consequences of"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3284.274,"endTime":3287.631,"body":"stopping the ventilation"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3287.631,"endTime":3288.951,"body":"in a spacecraft."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3289.491,"endTime":3291.071,"body":"It's completely different"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3289.491,"endTime":3291.071,"body":"than stopping it in."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3291.471,"endTime":3292.011,"body":"On earth."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3292.461,"endTime":3295.041,"body":"In terrestrial fire"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3292.461,"endTime":3295.041,"body":"system safety system."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3295.401,"endTime":3298.011,"body":"It would mean nothing if"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3295.401,"endTime":3298.011,"body":"you just stop extracting,"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3298.011,"endTime":3301.343,"body":"but in space, when you"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3298.011,"endTime":3301.343,"body":"stop moving the air."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3301.943,"endTime":3303.683,"body":"The air doesn't"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3301.943,"endTime":3303.683,"body":"really have weight."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3304.289,"endTime":3305.783,"body":"To go into the flame."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3305.783,"endTime":3307.733,"body":"Like there's no way how the air."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3308.213,"endTime":3310.643,"body":"Would transport itself"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3308.213,"endTime":3310.643,"body":"towards the flame."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3311.393,"endTime":3313.523,"body":"So you're essentially"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3311.393,"endTime":3313.523,"body":"cutting out the  oxygen"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3313.553,"endTime":3314.753,"body":"supply to the, to the flame."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3315.083,"endTime":3316.523,"body":"That's interesting."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3316.883,"endTime":3321.323,"body":"Strategy there that stopping"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3316.883,"endTime":3321.323,"body":"movement makes the fire like"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3321.353,"endTime":3322.643,"body":"quench itself because it has to."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3323.213,"endTime":3324.833,"body":"Expense to burn the air."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3324.833,"endTime":3326.333,"body":"That's just standing around it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3326.333,"endTime":3329.387,"body":"So let's say it's expanding"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3326.333,"endTime":3329.387,"body":"in the form of a sphere and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3329.387,"endTime":3331.667,"body":"because the further it goes"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3329.387,"endTime":3331.667,"body":"from the fuel, the less"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3331.667,"endTime":3334.487,"body":"of the heat feedback there"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3331.667,"endTime":3334.487,"body":"is to the fuel surface."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3334.967,"endTime":3335.787,"body":"Eventually it will."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3335.927,"endTime":3339.597,"body":"Radiate the energy way in and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3335.927,"endTime":3339.597,"body":"stop producing your fuel and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3340.607,"endTime":3343.097,"body":"It's super interesting mechanism"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3340.607,"endTime":3343.097,"body":"that would never work on that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3343.877,"endTime":3346.567,"body":"And, yeah, I would never"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3343.877,"endTime":3346.567,"body":"think it could work like that."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3346.657,"endTime":3347.727,"body":"It's super, super interesting."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3348.287,"endTime":3352.067,"body":"And I hope you've found"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3348.287,"endTime":3352.067,"body":"many of gold nuggets like"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3352.067,"endTime":3353.017,"body":"this in the podcast episode."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3353.957,"endTime":3355.727,"body":"As mentioned before"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3353.957,"endTime":3355.727,"body":"there's a SpeakPipe"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3355.727,"endTime":3357.137,"body":"feature on the website now."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3357.527,"endTime":3360.167,"body":"So just go into ask me anything."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3360.527,"endTime":3361.577,"body":"Part of the website."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3361.577,"endTime":3363.317,"body":"And just ask me a"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3361.577,"endTime":3363.317,"body":"question, if you want to."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3363.917,"endTime":3367.337,"body":"Hear more about spacecraft and"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3363.917,"endTime":3367.337,"body":"fires and maybe some aspects"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3367.337,"endTime":3370.757,"body":"of this that we have not been"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3367.337,"endTime":3370.757,"body":"touched on the era of the"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3370.757,"endTime":3373.457,"body":"podcast and for now, that's it."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3373.487,"endTime":3375.587,"body":"Thank you very much for"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3373.487,"endTime":3375.587,"body":"listening to this episode."},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3375.977,"endTime":3378.137,"body":"And see you here"},{"speaker":"Wojciech Wegrzynski","startTime":3375.977,"endTime":3378.137,"body":"next wednesday cheers"}]}