Livestock Wala'au

S2 Ep 08 Pacific Knowledge Drought Exchange (PDKE) and Hawaii Rangelands Portal

• Season 2 • Episode 8

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Aloha and thank you for tuning in to another episode of Livestock Walaʻau! In this episode we will be talking with Dr. Ryan Longman from the UH East West Center about PDKE and other programs he is involved with. Listen in to learn more about these programs and where you can access them!

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Shannon Sand:

Aloha. Today's episode is brought to you by the Western extension Risk Management Education Center. rasam, USDA NIFA and the University of Hawaii College of Tropical ag and human resources and the livestock extension group.

Melelani Oshiro:

Aloha and welcome to the livestock Palau, a podcast aims to provide educational support information, guidance and outreach to our livestock stakeholders in Hawaii. We are your hosts Mele Oshiro and Jan sand. And today we're be talking with Dr. Ryan Longman of the East West Center. Thank you so much, Ryan, for joining us today.

Dr. Ryan Longman:

Thanks for having me. Yeah.

Melelani Oshiro:

And so he has a research program as a fellowship in the East West Center, Pacific islands development program, actually right and working on a few projects there. And I'm not going to divulge too much of your background information here. But I'll let you kind of share with us a little bit about your background, your position there. And we'll go from there.

Unknown:

Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Well, thanks. Thanks again, for having me. It's always a pleasure to talk to folks. And to get some some of the research we're doing here, these West Center and university Hawaii out and to broader audiences. So in a nutshell, I am kind of UNH born in Born and bred. I have my Bachelor's, my master's degree and my PhD at u h Manoa in, in the Department of Geography and Environment. But I guess if I had to describe myself, I'd say that I'm a climate scientist. And, yeah, I've been doing mostly my work with all kinds of aspects of data, you know, so actually measuring it with climate stations in the field, and then processing it, and then analyzing it. But lately, I've moved into this realm of data, you know, making data available and disseminating it and translating it into ways where people could actually use it to make management decisions and to try to understand the environment and the changing environmental conditions better.

Shannon Sand:

So is that kind of like through like, you say, you said climate stations, but I think weather stations, I don't know if those are different. So I'm just very ignorant.

Dr. Ryan Longman:

It's the same depends on if you're talking to a meteorologist or climatologist?

Shannon Sand:

Well, I have a good friend. That's a climatologist that's married to a meteorologist. So I don't know, I just have heard the words before it must be

Melelani Oshiro:

interesting dinner conversation, I'll be suited to them.

Shannon Sand:

I know that in the, in the Midwest on the mainland, and then the North Central Plains, though that is used quite a bit to help make decisions. If you're a producer. Sometimes it's even like, okay, am I moving the cows off of this field now? Or am I going to plant today or tomorrow kind of thing? So is that kind of what you're trying to do? Or? Well, yeah, that's

Unknown:

one of the there's a few projects, but one of them yeah, really, is to get some information, real time information into the hands of folks that can make decisions. So there's, you know, a couple of things going on, and a couple of different ways of looking at data. And right now, it's a really interesting time in Hawaii, because we've just developed something called the Hawaii climate data portal. And that's really grabbing all of the telemetry data that's available in the state and kind of housing it in the central repository. And so now we're able to like build tools and stuff off of this and get data that there really is, is near real time, you know, so you know, a lot of the products and things that have been developed in the past and kawaii they develop a product, but by the time it comes out, it gets published, it's somewhat old, but now we kind of have access to this real time information. It's, it's kind of changing the landscape in terms of what we can do and what we can provide to users.

Shannon Sand:

Well, like weather data that's, I just imagined, that's a really powerful tool. Sorry, for cutting off mele?

Melelani Oshiro:

No, no, I was I was just gonna say like, we always used to base a lot of things off by historical data, to be able to make decisions and to kind of, you know, proactively think about our management strategies in that sense, but I think our climate has an is changing in a matter that we can't probably not going to be able to do much of that, you know, and having that real time data is going to be very, and it has been very valuable. So you want to talk I guess a little bit more about, I guess, some of your research projects or programs that you have going on then currently. Yeah.

Unknown:

Yeah. Yeah. So I guess I already mentioned kind of the Hawaii climate data portal as kind of a big one that kind of, you know, allows us to access the data. One of the, you know, the benefit of that is we create grid products from that. So, you know, a lot of times you might want information and the nearest climate station is you know, several miles away and that doesn't maybe tell you the information that you need. So when you can have really, you know, robust methods that create a grid product, then you can kind of pull that information from that local geography. And that's opening up some doors that way. I guess another project, and one something that probably brought me to this call here is the Pacific drought knowledge exchange. And this is a project that we, you know, we started up in November 2019. And the idea was, it was to kind of provide folks with some resources, some some land manager with some resources that they might not have access to. So different data sources, technical ability, and the whole premise behind it was CO production. So not, you know, up in that academia, developing your thing and putting it out in the world and hoping somebody gets it in five days. This is kind of started at the ground level of working with producers or working with, with resource managers and saying, Well, what kind of products do you need? And how can we develop those together, so they're useful to you. And so we call that CO production. And it was a really good model, we piloted the project with three different land managers in Hawaii. And then since that time, we've kind of taken off and branched off and some other other projects.

Shannon Sand:

So is it in every county then I assume are? Not? Well,

Unknown:

yeah. So I mean, it's, we've done some things that are site specific, and we've done some things that are statewide. So it kind of depends on the flavor, there's no really one prescribed thing. It's more of, you know, working with folks and figuring out what their needs are, we've developed a tool called the climate change climate variability and drought portfolio. And what that is, is we've kind of gotten all the products that are available, the static products, the maps, the rainfall maps, the things that are currently in existence, and then we're able to, to put in a particular geography like, so a ranch or national or a nature preserve, or a pool, or watershed, whatever, kind of geographical bounds, and then we use that cheap that that area to kind of pull out all the information for that area. And then we create this document that's like site specific, that tells you all about that area, all the climate, fire history, ecological characteristics, and it's kind of been our crown jewel of the project. And we call it our calling card, because when we do interact with somebody, we say, oh, here, here you go. And we were able to do that, just like that folks are like the buy in,

Shannon Sand:

everybody's really excited when you do that. Because like, I feel like, when you do any sort of egg production, whether it's just such a huge variable for everybody, you know, so you'll

Unknown:

always see their their geography that way, you know, they might, there might be a map of rainfall, and you got to find your spot on the map and think, or whatever it is, but this kind of tells you just kind of makes it personal, you know, so narrows the

Melelani Oshiro:

scope a lot. So, yeah. And so important, because here, you know, it changes so quickly, when you drive around the island, you know, they

Shannon Sand:

those little zone, my part to Belize part, totally different. Yeah,

Melelani Oshiro:

you know, and it just, it changes so quickly. And, you know, they might be like, Oh, they're my neighbor, they're only like 510 miles up the road or something. And that can make a huge difference in some areas of the island. So. So is that a tool now that you guys have online and it's accessible? Or is that something, somebody should contact you to find out more information about their area.

Unknown:

So this is something we're doing at Hawk right now. But I'm actually writing a proposal to build this into the Hawaii climate data portal. So you can just go in and pick your geography upload your spatial information, if it's not there. And so probably, that that sophistication is going to be available. It's going to be a year from now before something like that is available. But right now, if you have a geography, this is what we do. So if you have a particular land area, you want to see one of these portfolios for your land area, just shoot me an email, I'm sure you can provide some some email information. And we can spin that up for you just really in a matter of minutes. As long as we can define the area, we can put this together with relative ease.

Shannon Sand:

So defining the area is that something like so like I think of NRCS, like USDA mapping Mela, you know, talking about like, we're, it does that. So is that kind of what you need? Or I'm just curious, because if I was a producer trying to figure out like range or rotation, I might, I would think I would maybe call you up and be like, hey, because like, maybe this one's getting a lot more rainfall than like, I'm showing my hands to those listening, but like the right sides getting more than the left side can basically, you know,

Unknown:

yeah, well, yeah, I mean, you got to, I mean, there's different ways to define an area we can we can draw it on, draw it on a map, it's, I mean, it's technical thing. I don't want to get too in the jargon here, but we use these things called shape files, which are kind of these geographical bounds for different areas. So when you get into the kind of the ranch level and stuff, you know, folks that always have a shapefile for well, we use tax keys we use is there's different ways to go about that. It depends on who you're working with. And but there's several ways they've broken up the Hawaiian Islands, different scales, and we could try to get out of the best we can, the tool doesn't work really good when you're looking at a small past year, um, you can get the information, but the maps are all 250 meter resolution. So when you get in that real low, you just kind of it gets kind of blocky, but you know, bigger areas, but the information is still relevant. It's just that the maps don't look as nice. Yeah.

Melelani Oshiro:

That's good to know. Yeah. Yeah, I was gonna, I kind of had the same question is like people, a lot of people call out and say, you know, I've worked in this area, what should we be planting? You know, we want to restore some pasture or whatnot. And that's the first thing we always ask them. Well, where are you are? And then we kind of know, you know, I mean, based off of some rainfall stuff that we can look at, but, you know, looking more specifically, or maybe on bigger areas, now, we know we can pick your brain about it and send it out to so for sure.

Unknown:

So a lot of like, the bigger ranches and stuff because I've done some work with the ranches, you know, like I mean, for example, can I say a specific ranch on the on the podcast here? Like Parker Ranch? Yeah. Oh, yeah. So yeah, that's fine. I don't want to like call anybody out, that's gonna get offended. But I have a shapefile for Parker Ranch. And it's got like, 10 different pieces in the shapefile. So I can, you know, make 10 different portfolios for all those different areas. And I don't have to do anything, because the information is already there. Yeah. But if we needed to take one of those areas, and break it down even further, we could do that, that's when it starts getting into more work. I mean, the fast thing is to just, you know, take what's there and, and put it out there. But one of the goals of the PDK, we have some funding to scale up and work with other partners is, you know, once you make that baseline portfolio, then you can sit down with a with a manager and say, Okay, well, this is what we've done. First, is this enough information? Do we need to make the scale larger or smaller? Do we need to bring in a different bit of information? And that's kind of how that CO production process works, right? You start off with something and say, This is what we can bring to the table, and you kind of get the buy in, when folks see that you're doing something that's at that level? And then you take it from there, and maybe everyone's gonna be different on what their needs are. And you know, what you can do for them? Yeah, I

Melelani Oshiro:

think, yeah, working with the ranches is, I think, something that they've been looking forward to, and I have heard, you know, some of the information between but you are working specifically with them to kind of develop a certain portal, right, for ranchers and producers to use, you want to talk a little bit about that project.

Unknown:

So that's, it's been a really great project, we had some funding from the National Integrated Drought Information System or Unitas, to do some work in the, in the Pacific, in Hawaii, and in the larger Pacific eventually, and they, they kind of wanted us to focus on the ranching community. So we, you know, put our we started thinking of through some things and looking at some stuff that was out there, and, you know, Mark Thorn and put, put together some kind of a decision support model. So we're kind of, we were started off working with that, and realizing that, you know, we could kind of build that into more of a tool that can be used on the island to help to help ranchers kind of understand, you know, how rainfall might change, based on like, El Nino. And I don't want to get to the weeds here. But, and I'm gonna say this about El Nino is that, you know, there is a correlation with rainfall, right? So, yeah, there are certain relationships that we can understand, but they don't always hold true. So as we all know, from last year, it was a lot of media and everybody thought it was going to be really wet. Because on average, it is really wet during, you know, a lot of media. And it just wasn't. So, you know, I look at this data all the time. And I can tell you that, for most of those El Nino phases, there's a pretty much variability, there's an average, and then there's kind of what could happen the range, except for a strong El Nino, during a strong El Nino, it's always going to be pretty much bone dry everywhere. And that's I see that consistently with data. But when it comes to these other phases, and luckily, we're in another London year right now. So hopefully this one isn't at that same extreme, but

Shannon Sand:

I hope we get some rain. Yeah. I know. Mele sides dry too. So, yeah, well, yeah, right in the last week or so.

Unknown:

But when you're developing a tool based on El Nino rain, and it doesn't work out that way, kind of. It's a little bit disheartening, I'll tell you that. But well, I want to you know, so the tool, the portal, and we'll be at the Hawaii Calvin's annual conference that will be kind of demoing that. That's exciting. Yeah, well, we tried to get some feedback from folks. We're going to have it a little display where they can kind of mess around with a tool and kind of, you know, see what kind of information is there and try to, we have a whole nother year to develop it. We're just in the real beta phase of it right now. So we're hoping to get and feedback to do that, but one thing I thought would be really good. Most of the tool does a couple of different things. It provides this, you know, kind of real time information, it provides this kind of forage of forecast or forage and rainfall forecast based on the El Nino phase. So if it's a strong El Nino, we say, well, it's gonna be a strong El Nino. And based on an almanac perspective, we can tell you that on average is going to be this, but the worst case scenario could be this. So it kind of gives you a range between, you know, average and worst. If it's the best, no one's going to complain, right? So that's this, that's the tool kind of is like, then we also give some historical information for those geography. So what is drought been like? What is rainfall been like in this particular area? And then we have some real time information coming in from the Hawaii climate data portal that just describes current conditions. But what we're trying to move towards now and because I don't think you know, I think it's going to be cool. And some ranchers and producers are going to want to look at this tool, but it's something that we'll probably use on a periodic basis. But when we were moving towards more as a near real time dashboard, so you can open it up and look at, well, how many consecutive dry days if I had in my past year, you know, how, how might How has the temperature been? Has it been hotter than average? Has it been? What are these current conditions, and I think that trying to make it simple and digestible and not involve going on and clicking buttons and things. And I think it's another piece we're developing to try to try to add some user abilities to this.

Melelani Oshiro:

That's exciting. And I'm I know, you talked about it a little bit in one of our other I think Paul Renault's or something that we had mentioned, and I thought that was, you know, I think it's gonna be very valuable for us to be producers and ranchers to be able to be able to use a tool to kind of plan their management strategies, you know, I think we're all know that drought has stricken us a lot. And you know, it's something that are unfortunately going to be here to stay, and may get worse in some situations. And for us to have a tool to be able to help build some strategies and mitigate some of that, it's going to be very important in the future. So

Shannon Sand:

well, and the nice thing is, is it's, it's a baseline, so like you can follow again and look at your own, like historic area, and like how that's changing. And I would hope that it gives you a personal like, I feel like producers in general, follow the weather very closely, or at least the ones I'm related to, and I know, I feel like that's something that they're like, really in tune with. And so to look at that, over time, I think that would be just so valuable. And to get that real time data. Like you said, knowing that I've already had like, X number of dry days, I'm like, okay, so what do I need to do? Do I need to look at something that's a little more drought tolerant, in terms of like, if I'm trying to plant forages or whatever, you know, call mark or mele

Melelani Oshiro:

so does it Yeah, we're gonna have to marriage information in there then for some of these areas. And kind of like, that would be cool. You know, I guess sort of recommendations or something. And you nice, yeah.

Unknown:

Yeah. So at this point, you, you go in you, you pick your your grass type, you pick your, your dry animal matter that you need, you pick out the number of animals, you have a number of acres grazed. And then it will use those those algorithms of the equations that Mark Thorne developed and it will tell you based based on that, what you should expect in terms of your site's stability, the number of grazing days that are available based on those established relationships. Now there is some work being done by NRCS. And Carolyn Otello, that they're working on actually refining Mills relationships between the different grass types and rainfall. And so one of our goals is to take that research and kind of build it into the tool and make it a little bit more robust. Because there are different grasses grow differently in different areas. It's definitely a straightforward thing. Right now, we're kind of using a more of a blanket approach to it. But I think that there could be some more some more refinement on that on that and because No, I'm, again, I'm, even though I'm in that kind of ivory tower. I still, I'm cognizant that we're dealing with people's livelihoods here. So I can't, I don't want to produce a tool that's, you know, giving wrong information. You know, it has to, at least, you know, be clear about the information that's coming out of it, you know, based on you know, what's been done in the past.

Melelani Oshiro:

Yeah. Well, I think that's important, like the forage stuff, too. We're different things that we deal with, like, you know, on the big island right now dealing with two lions Bedbug. Some of the forages that are that were maybe dominant and then in the pastures are not going to be in the near future. You know, because we do They have to introduce new things that are going to be resistant in some of those areas. So those types of things are going to change. So I think it's important for us to continue to, you know, look at those types of interactions that we have, and what is going to be a little bit more productive and, you know, be able to have the tools that we can add that make it like you said, more robust, because I think that's what you know, we're going to need is to have that different changes in there. So

Unknown:

well, one of the things that the portfolio also has, it has the future projections of rainfall and temperature. And now the rainfall is a mixed bag, it's really hard to, to look into the future 50 to 100 years and say, what's going to happen, but temperature, it's pretty consistent. Among the efforts here in Hawaii, and globally, it's not getting colder, let's put it that way. So you know, what needs to be done. And I think one area I want to move to, just to my research and work in general is kind of figuring out like, Okay, well, we know it's getting hotter, what can be done about it, you know, like, what are the actual adaptation strategies? And I think that that's kind of the next frontier in terms of research is coming up with, you know, we know it's happening now. But what what can we do about it? Or what have others or do about it? There's a body of information out there that can be kind of tapped into, and then you run research frontiers to be explored?

Melelani Oshiro:

Yeah, I think it is. Yeah. Yeah. And I know, you have a lot more other projects that are going on outside of this one. And I feel like there's, there's lots of more information we could probably pick from you. But there's any other projects you want to share with us that's going on, or even ones that maybe have ended, but, you know, I think I think those, those three that I know you initially started the program with was very groundbreaking for you guys, right to be able to have that information out there. And another thing I think that does come to mind is some of the drought information that we have in relation to fire, you know, wildfires. And using that as a sort of, I guess, prediction, is that possible, or is that something that you guys have worked out or looked at

Unknown:

that's, that's happening right now to through the water resource Research Center, they have, we have a project that I'm heavily involved in, and that's to create near real time fire risk. So basically, pulling in these real time products and being able to get get a real good estimate of grid estimate of what the fire risk will be. And then are also a component of that is doing fire forecasting. So this is something that's going to be available in the very near future through the Hawaii climate data portal. And it's going to kind of the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency is actually funding this project. So it's going to be you know, it's really good to have kind of the state buy in now, I mean, UHS state, but to have this, you know, the state decision makers, you know, kind of funding and building, you know, working through this is really important for us, and they're going to fund a flood risk project also. So

Shannon Sand:

things just, I feel like they happen every year. So and I was like, on particular parts, at least on this island, I feel like generally, they're, they're in certain areas. So and I was like, I can imagine some people would be very, very, like excited for the development of those tools. Actually, most people, I can't imagine many who wouldn't be, because it was like it just especially like real time, like predictions, because that Yeah, I mean, that's the difference between potentially, I'm guessing a couple of hours in a few minutes. Sometimes, you know, in those situations, well, I know, in those situations, especially over the last year, and I know, I know melanosome as well. So I was like, you know, I mean stuff like that. That would be very, very valuable, I think to everybody.

Unknown:

So yeah, to that point, they will also and I you probably have heard about this, but there have you heard of the Hawaii Mesonet. This is a

Shannon Sand:

I didn't know who I had a Mesonet system here because where it came from prior to here in South Dakota. I was like they were out of my the office I was in there. So that's why I was like, Well,

Unknown:

this is this is we're breaking ground on this. Exciting. We have a grant from NSF to put 95 new climate stations across the state of Hawaii. effort is being led by Tom Jim Palooka, who's the director of the water resource Research Center, and he is just breaking ground as a three year project. And so we'll have so we already have the white climate data portal grabbing data, it's already there and some of them are standing next to it. You're going to add 95 stations into that the the quality of the products the amount so what you're talking about in terms of hour to hour now we'll be right now we're going to daily timestamp, but we go sub daily, you'll be able to put out a emergency of warnings when it comes to flooding or fire or things like that, that really yeah, really high temporal resolution and that's going to change the game in terms of building adaptive capacity in Hawaii for Are we talking about the human element, the emergency management, also this producer, livestock management, that's all going to be tied in and the more data

Shannon Sand:

you will be able to, like, potentially receive notifications on a guy got him on my phone, I don't know how it's gonna work here. But I was like, where you get like real time notifications on your phone, and you know, like, there's like a fire, or like the fire, the chance to fire is really high. So it's pretty cool. I was like, that's very

Unknown:

rare on that trajectory right now.

Shannon Sand:

That's very exciting. So are you looking for like new locations? Or are all 95 locations setup? Or if someone wanted to a station? Possibility?

Unknown:

We have put that out? You know,

Shannon Sand:

so those are expensive? Well, no,

Unknown:

we have the source, you have the funding for it. The stations, the what didn't come with the grant was the funding to install them and to

Melelani Oshiro:

the manpower to actually put it in right now. Yeah,

Shannon Sand:

I should say, when I was at SDSU, there was an they actually had like, a specific specialist that put them in and maintain them throughout the state. Yeah,

Unknown:

so it's pretty complicated. I don't want to get too into the weeds here. Project, but there's a whole, there's a whole idea of stewardship, you know, if you're going to have a climate station, you know, there needs to be somebody responsible for looking after it, and you've got to maintain. So yeah, it's a lot to that project. And it's a lot that's being learned and discovered right now. But you know, the bigger picture, it's going to make Hawaii more resilient, you know, place to have that kind of information coming in.

Shannon Sand:

That's so exciting.

Melelani Oshiro:

Like, I'm really like, imagine some of that weather stations are going to be in some really remote locations, too. And, you know, working with you, ah, and working with Mark, previously, we had some weather stations that out one project that I remember, you know, having to go out, you got to maintain it here in Hawaii, things grow so quickly. Some of the areas that if you don't get out there regularly to check those stations, and and that's really important. Wow, well, thank you, Ryan. You know, we look forward to the ACC conference, and being able to see that portal and information booth that you guys gonna have down there to see the product that you have, and how the ranchers, are we with our producer be able to use it? I'm so looking forward to that. Is there any other projects or things you want to share with us?

Unknown:

Oh, I just mentioned, since we are talking about ranches, I have been talking with the folks at RMA about bringing an insurance product to Hawaii, based on the rainfall maps that we have. And

Shannon Sand:

I was wondering that, but I didn't want to scare people and start talking about insurance. Sometimes I do.

Unknown:

All I can tell you what I know, you know,

Shannon Sand:

that would be exciting, though, to bring a potential additional, like insurance product, especially that one because it's usually pretty well subsidized. So it's pretty reasonable. One of the

Unknown:

problems. The reason they don't have it here is because it's so complicated to map rainfall in Hawaii. And now someone emailed me and was like, Oh, do you know anything about rainfall in Hawaii? And I was like, Oh, well, actually.

Melelani Oshiro:

Actually, yes, I do.

Unknown:

The right person. So. So they're, you know, had a phone call with them, and my demo the portal with them and stuff. And I explained to him, and they know that it's still in a beta phase, and we're building it out, and they're gonna have someone vetted. And so it's kind of good timing, because it says, gonna take about a year to make that happen. But I think that, that adds such value to our efforts to get actually be produced something that can be useful to this, you know, broad audience that can tap in and protect their livelihoods.

Shannon Sand:

So absolutely. I mean, that would be so helpful, if that was something that could be utilized. So

Melelani Oshiro:

yeah, and I bet our ranchers would be very, very grateful for a program like that, that they'd be able to have access to. So

Unknown:

Oh, my gosh, yeah. It's a shame. They don't have that. And I understand how complicated it is, you know, just because something works in the mainland, doesn't mean it's going to work in Hawaii and coarser resolution. You mentioned the microclimates. It's just you can't Oh, yeah, have a real fun model to be able to capture that. Yeah, yeah. But I do want to just mention that if folks are at ECC, and they want to come by and talk story, we're going to be demoing, I think, the tool, the eighth the eighth trip or the Hawaii Rangely Information Portal, we're going to have a be able to interact with that on that computer. And I'm also going to be kind of showcasing the CCPD portfolio. And if folks want to figure out how we can one day be able to make one on the spot there for you know, so

Shannon Sand:

that people would be so excited if that was

Unknown:

so we will we're gonna I'm gonna spend the day there. So we want to, you know, make it useful, and it's what I mentioned at the beginning of this call CO production and really these tools don't have any value unless folks can you know, let us know what's working what's not and we're really looking at as an opportunity to take this to the next. The next level. Yeah.

Shannon Sand:

Nice. Oh, that's so exciting. No, thank you so much for joining us today, Ryan. So we hope our listeners found this informative and that it'll be useful to them. Also, if you have not done so already, please be sure to fill out our feedback fast. And let us know your thoughts about this podcast. So we know what you would like to hear more of I honestly really want to hear more of this. Tell like I'm a farmer ranch kid, because I'm like, Oh, I can hear people talk about the weather literally all day. So thank you again for joining us. We really do appreciate it, though. So yeah, make

Melelani Oshiro:

sure to follow us on our social media pages, the livestock Wala'au and livestock extension group if you haven't already, and be sure to visit the U H. CTAHR. Extension website and our YouTube channel, which will all be listed in our show notes.

Shannon Sand:

Yep. And for additional information about this topic, see the show notes of the podcast in the description box of the YouTube page. Thanks for listening to the lifestyle out and before we go show some love for your favorite podcasts. That's us, by the way, by leaving us a review on Apple podcasts or anywhere you listen to this podcast and then stay tuned for next month's episode.

Melelani Oshiro:

Yeah, thanks again to our sponsors, the Western extension Risk Management Education Center, rasa USD, Neva NIFA, the livestock extension group and CTAHR and thank you, Ryan for taking the time to come and talk started with us today. Well, hello for listening. We hope you all