{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.074,"endTime":3.241,"body":"(gentle upbeat music)"},{"startTime":11.17,"endTime":12.53,"body":"- Hi, I'm Margaret Preston,"},{"startTime":12.53,"endTime":14.28,"body":"President of Power Over Parkinson's."},{"startTime":14.28,"endTime":17.35,"body":"And today, in conjunction"},{"startTime":14.28,"endTime":17.35,"body":"with our POP Profile Series,"},{"startTime":17.35,"endTime":19.12,"body":"we have Dr. Daniel Corcos,"},{"startTime":19.12,"endTime":21.91,"body":"Professor of Human Physical Therapy"},{"startTime":21.91,"endTime":25.2,"body":"and Human Movement Sciences"},{"startTime":21.91,"endTime":25.2,"body":"at Northwestern University."},{"startTime":25.2,"endTime":28.58,"body":"Dr. Corcos, thank you so"},{"startTime":25.2,"endTime":28.58,"body":"much for being with us today."},{"startTime":28.58,"endTime":30.68,"body":"- Margaret, thank you"},{"startTime":28.58,"endTime":30.68,"body":"so much for inviting me."},{"startTime":30.68,"endTime":32.88,"body":"I'm really delighted and honored."},{"startTime":32.88,"endTime":36.11,"body":"- Yeah, we're thrilled to"},{"startTime":32.88,"endTime":36.11,"body":"expand on our Profile Series,"},{"startTime":36.11,"endTime":39.12,"body":"and certainly someone with your background"},{"startTime":39.12,"endTime":41.68,"body":"can share a lot of light to our community"},{"startTime":41.68,"endTime":44.56,"body":"here in Richmond in Central"},{"startTime":41.68,"endTime":44.56,"body":"Virginia and beyond."},{"startTime":44.56,"endTime":45.89,"body":"So thank you."},{"startTime":45.89,"endTime":47.53,"body":"As we begin with our discussion,"},{"startTime":47.53,"endTime":49.38,"body":"I'd like for you to tell our listeners,"},{"startTime":49.38,"endTime":50.96,"body":"share a little bit about what led you"},{"startTime":50.96,"endTime":53.04,"body":"into a career in neurology"},{"startTime":53.04,"endTime":55.023,"body":"and specifically Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":56.33,"endTime":59.37,"body":"- So I got my PhD at the"},{"startTime":56.33,"endTime":59.37,"body":"University of Oregon,"},{"startTime":59.37,"endTime":63.01,"body":"and I studied how one"},{"startTime":59.37,"endTime":63.01,"body":"controls limb movement."},{"startTime":63.01,"endTime":66.11,"body":"I then went on and had a"},{"startTime":63.01,"endTime":66.11,"body":"post-doctoral fellowship,"},{"startTime":66.11,"endTime":68.13,"body":"where I continued to study"},{"startTime":68.13,"endTime":69.427,"body":"how one controls limb movement"},{"startTime":69.427,"endTime":71.68,"body":"and the muscle activation patterns"},{"startTime":71.68,"endTime":73.89,"body":"that underlie limb movement."},{"startTime":73.89,"endTime":76.82,"body":"I wrote a series of papers"},{"startTime":73.89,"endTime":76.82,"body":"in which we really began"},{"startTime":76.82,"endTime":80.1,"body":"to fully understand"},{"startTime":76.82,"endTime":80.1,"body":"how the brain activates"},{"startTime":80.1,"endTime":82.033,"body":"muscle to control movement."},{"startTime":83.13,"endTime":85.7,"body":"And once we had that all worked out,"},{"startTime":85.7,"endTime":87.33,"body":"I then started to ask myself, well,"},{"startTime":87.33,"endTime":91.0,"body":"is it interesting to ask"},{"startTime":87.33,"endTime":91.0,"body":"questions about disease?"},{"startTime":91.0,"endTime":92.83,"body":"And I started to look at the literature"},{"startTime":92.83,"endTime":95.85,"body":"on Parkinson's disease and how people"},{"startTime":95.85,"endTime":97.86,"body":"with Parkinson's disease activate"},{"startTime":97.86,"endTime":100.97,"body":"their muscle to make movements."},{"startTime":100.97,"endTime":102.37,"body":"And I decided that this would"},{"startTime":102.37,"endTime":105.31,"body":"be a good avenue for me to follow."},{"startTime":105.31,"endTime":108.87,"body":"So I wrote to an NIH grant to study"},{"startTime":108.87,"endTime":112.18,"body":"movement patterns in people"},{"startTime":108.87,"endTime":112.18,"body":"with Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":112.18,"endTime":113.93,"body":"and I went to the Institute of Neurology"},{"startTime":113.93,"endTime":118.338,"body":"in England in 1994 to 1995."},{"startTime":118.338,"endTime":120.632,"body":"At the time, the Institute of Neurology"},{"startTime":120.632,"endTime":124.54,"body":"had arguably the most"},{"startTime":120.632,"endTime":124.54,"body":"famous movement disorder"},{"startTime":124.54,"endTime":126.73,"body":"specialist in the world there."},{"startTime":126.73,"endTime":129.14,"body":"His name was Professor C. D. Marsden,"},{"startTime":129.14,"endTime":133.08,"body":"who has written extensively"},{"startTime":129.14,"endTime":133.08,"body":"about Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":133.08,"endTime":134.77,"body":"movement in Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":134.77,"endTime":137.09,"body":"the pharmacology of Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":137.09,"endTime":139.377,"body":"There was also Professor John Rothwell"},{"startTime":139.377,"endTime":144.21,"body":"who is a world famous"},{"startTime":139.377,"endTime":144.21,"body":"expert on muscle activation"},{"startTime":144.21,"endTime":145.877,"body":"in people with Parkinson's disease"},{"startTime":145.877,"endTime":148.38,"body":"and all neurological diseases."},{"startTime":148.38,"endTime":149.96,"body":"So Professor Rothwell and I,"},{"startTime":149.96,"endTime":153.21,"body":"we designed a study, very simple study."},{"startTime":153.21,"endTime":156.27,"body":"We just wanted to know whether people"},{"startTime":156.27,"endTime":159.23,"body":"with Parkinson's disease become weaker"},{"startTime":159.23,"endTime":161.46,"body":"when you take them off their medication."},{"startTime":161.46,"endTime":163.8,"body":"So we studied people"},{"startTime":161.46,"endTime":163.8,"body":"with Parkinson's disease"},{"startTime":163.8,"endTime":166.08,"body":"when we took them off their medication,"},{"startTime":166.08,"endTime":168.44,"body":"and we demonstrated quite clearly that"},{"startTime":168.44,"endTime":170.58,"body":"they become much weaker."},{"startTime":170.58,"endTime":175.11,"body":"That therefore told us that"},{"startTime":170.58,"endTime":175.11,"body":"the dopamine deficiency"},{"startTime":175.11,"endTime":179.73,"body":"was related to an inability"},{"startTime":175.11,"endTime":179.73,"body":"to activate muscle,"},{"startTime":179.73,"endTime":181.89,"body":"and this wasn't due to muscle disuse."},{"startTime":181.89,"endTime":184.7,"body":"It wasn't due to doing less activity,"},{"startTime":184.7,"endTime":186.81,"body":"because muscle doesn't"},{"startTime":184.7,"endTime":186.81,"body":"change that quickly,"},{"startTime":186.81,"endTime":188.76,"body":"but medication does."},{"startTime":188.76,"endTime":190.45,"body":"So we showed that the neural drive"},{"startTime":190.45,"endTime":194.433,"body":"to muscle is compromised"},{"startTime":190.45,"endTime":194.433,"body":"when you come off medication,"},{"startTime":195.29,"endTime":198.25,"body":"and then we published"},{"startTime":195.29,"endTime":198.25,"body":"several papers on that."},{"startTime":198.25,"endTime":200.733,"body":"I then asked myself the question,"},{"startTime":200.733,"endTime":204.07,"body":"well, if a person is weak,"},{"startTime":200.733,"endTime":204.07,"body":"what do you do about that?"},{"startTime":204.07,"endTime":207.01,"body":"Well, you give them"},{"startTime":204.07,"endTime":207.01,"body":"strengthening exercises."},{"startTime":207.01,"endTime":210.33,"body":"So I wrote another NIH"},{"startTime":207.01,"endTime":210.33,"body":"grant in which we did"},{"startTime":210.33,"endTime":213.64,"body":"a two year study of"},{"startTime":210.33,"endTime":213.64,"body":"progressive resistance exercise"},{"startTime":213.64,"endTime":216.87,"body":"and its benefits on people"},{"startTime":213.64,"endTime":216.87,"body":"with Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":216.87,"endTime":220.44,"body":"We published the results"},{"startTime":216.87,"endTime":220.44,"body":"of that paper in 2013"},{"startTime":220.44,"endTime":222.84,"body":"and showed that the signs and symptoms"},{"startTime":222.84,"endTime":225.67,"body":"of Parkinson's disease are reduced"},{"startTime":225.67,"endTime":228.113,"body":"when you work out with weights."},{"startTime":229.71,"endTime":232.7,"body":"Surprisingly at the time,"},{"startTime":229.71,"endTime":232.7,"body":"but not surprisingly now,"},{"startTime":232.7,"endTime":235.44,"body":"we also showed from the same study that"},{"startTime":235.44,"endTime":238.886,"body":"when you work out with"},{"startTime":235.44,"endTime":238.886,"body":"weights, when you get stronger,"},{"startTime":238.886,"endTime":241.5,"body":"you also improve your cognition."},{"startTime":241.5,"endTime":244.95,"body":"So we had people take"},{"startTime":241.5,"endTime":244.95,"body":"various tests of cognition,"},{"startTime":244.95,"endTime":248.512,"body":"basically related to"},{"startTime":244.95,"endTime":248.512,"body":"attention, executive function,"},{"startTime":248.512,"endTime":252.61,"body":"and the people improved"},{"startTime":248.512,"endTime":252.61,"body":"over the two year period,"},{"startTime":252.61,"endTime":255.59,"body":"whereas normally we"},{"startTime":252.61,"endTime":255.59,"body":"would expect a decline."},{"startTime":255.59,"endTime":256.85,"body":"In that part of the study,"},{"startTime":256.85,"endTime":258.61,"body":"we didn't find a dramatic difference"},{"startTime":258.61,"endTime":260.15,"body":"between resistance exercise"},{"startTime":261.07,"endTime":263.93,"body":"and another more gentle form of exercise,"},{"startTime":263.93,"endTime":267.233,"body":"but both exercises improved cognition."},{"startTime":268.48,"endTime":272.12,"body":"It was also very clear if"},{"startTime":268.48,"endTime":272.12,"body":"you looked at CDC guidelines"},{"startTime":272.12,"endTime":276.29,"body":"at the time that exercise"},{"startTime":272.12,"endTime":276.29,"body":"is good for people."},{"startTime":276.29,"endTime":278.86,"body":"Guidelines coming out are very clear,"},{"startTime":278.86,"endTime":281.04,"body":"and so my colleagues and I thought, well,"},{"startTime":281.04,"endTime":282.55,"body":"endurance exercise is probably good"},{"startTime":282.55,"endTime":285.1,"body":"for people with Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":285.1,"endTime":287.85,"body":"And so we designed a"},{"startTime":285.1,"endTime":287.85,"body":"phase two clinical trial"},{"startTime":287.85,"endTime":289.467,"body":"for people with Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":289.467,"endTime":292.93,"body":"and we published those results in 2018."},{"startTime":292.93,"endTime":296.01,"body":"And they showed clear"},{"startTime":292.93,"endTime":296.01,"body":"benefit of high intensity"},{"startTime":296.01,"endTime":299.73,"body":"endurance exercise for people"},{"startTime":296.01,"endTime":299.73,"body":"with Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":299.73,"endTime":304.02,"body":"So my interest and my"},{"startTime":299.73,"endTime":304.02,"body":"ability to understand"},{"startTime":304.02,"endTime":306.39,"body":"Parkinson's disease probably started"},{"startTime":306.39,"endTime":310.67,"body":"sometime back in 1993,"},{"startTime":306.39,"endTime":310.67,"body":"to answer your question."},{"startTime":310.67,"endTime":311.86,"body":"- Okay."},{"startTime":311.86,"endTime":313.68,"body":"Well, let's dovetail off of that,"},{"startTime":313.68,"endTime":316.54,"body":"because you've been"},{"startTime":313.68,"endTime":316.54,"body":"working with Parkinson's"},{"startTime":316.54,"endTime":319.79,"body":"and in the Parkinson's disease"},{"startTime":316.54,"endTime":319.79,"body":"arena for quite some time."},{"startTime":319.79,"endTime":322.44,"body":"So the next question, I"},{"startTime":319.79,"endTime":322.44,"body":"think, dovetails nicely."},{"startTime":322.44,"endTime":323.45,"body":"How do you remain?"},{"startTime":323.45,"endTime":325.26,"body":"And I like to, I should preface this"},{"startTime":325.26,"endTime":328.64,"body":"that I like to ask a lot of"},{"startTime":325.26,"endTime":328.64,"body":"my interviewees this question,"},{"startTime":328.64,"endTime":330.83,"body":"because it is an inevitable decline,"},{"startTime":330.83,"endTime":333.7,"body":"inevitable progression with"},{"startTime":330.83,"endTime":333.7,"body":"this neurological disorder."},{"startTime":333.7,"endTime":336.936,"body":"How do you remain optimistic and hopeful"},{"startTime":336.936,"endTime":340.953,"body":"as you continue to work"},{"startTime":336.936,"endTime":340.953,"body":"and research in this space?"},{"startTime":343.0,"endTime":345.133,"body":"- That's a good question."},{"startTime":348.35,"endTime":350.21,"body":"I'm generally an optimistic person,"},{"startTime":350.21,"endTime":353.65,"body":"and so I think part of"},{"startTime":350.21,"endTime":353.65,"body":"how I stay optimistic"},{"startTime":353.65,"endTime":356.53,"body":"is I always see a glass half full"},{"startTime":356.53,"endTime":359.15,"body":"and I never a glass half empty,"},{"startTime":359.15,"endTime":361.503,"body":"and I think that's just my nature."},{"startTime":362.35,"endTime":366.12,"body":"More specifically with respect"},{"startTime":362.35,"endTime":366.12,"body":"to Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":366.12,"endTime":368.79,"body":"I get several emails coming to me"},{"startTime":368.79,"endTime":373.79,"body":"from people who really"},{"startTime":368.79,"endTime":373.79,"body":"have decided to exercise,"},{"startTime":374.47,"endTime":377.01,"body":"and it's very nice to read the emails."},{"startTime":377.01,"endTime":380.74,"body":"People express a real deep gratitude"},{"startTime":380.74,"endTime":383.38,"body":"and thanks for the results"},{"startTime":383.38,"endTime":386.233,"body":"of the research that has been done."},{"startTime":388.17,"endTime":390.31,"body":"So a third reason I stay very optimistic"},{"startTime":390.31,"endTime":394.27,"body":"is that I give talks to people"},{"startTime":390.31,"endTime":394.27,"body":"with Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":394.27,"endTime":396.77,"body":"I've talked to state associations"},{"startTime":396.77,"endTime":398.54,"body":"in seven different states."},{"startTime":398.54,"endTime":403.14,"body":"On March 1, I gave a talk to 120 people"},{"startTime":403.14,"endTime":405.72,"body":"in the San Francisco area."},{"startTime":405.72,"endTime":408.09,"body":"That's one of the reasons"},{"startTime":405.72,"endTime":408.09,"body":"I have the bridge,"},{"startTime":408.09,"endTime":410.49,"body":"the Golden Gate Bridge behind me."},{"startTime":410.49,"endTime":413.35,"body":"And when you actually see in a Zoom"},{"startTime":413.35,"endTime":418.143,"body":"120 people with Parkinson's"},{"startTime":413.35,"endTime":418.143,"body":"disease actively engaged,"},{"startTime":419.059,"endTime":421.35,"body":"taking ownership of their life,"},{"startTime":421.35,"endTime":423.593,"body":"taking ownership of their disease,"},{"startTime":424.63,"endTime":427.63,"body":"it gives you great reason for optimism."},{"startTime":427.63,"endTime":428.463,"body":"- Sure."},{"startTime":428.463,"endTime":430.99,"body":"- I understand that it's a very difficult"},{"startTime":430.99,"endTime":432.62,"body":"disease for some people."},{"startTime":432.62,"endTime":434.99,"body":"I understand apathy."},{"startTime":434.99,"endTime":437.55,"body":"I understand the depression."},{"startTime":437.55,"endTime":441.33,"body":"I understand the potential"},{"startTime":437.55,"endTime":441.33,"body":"cognitive decline,"},{"startTime":441.33,"endTime":443.51,"body":"and I understand why for many people,"},{"startTime":443.51,"endTime":445.863,"body":"this is very, very difficult."},{"startTime":447.17,"endTime":451.64,"body":"But I also see a lot of"},{"startTime":447.17,"endTime":451.64,"body":"people who have created"},{"startTime":451.64,"endTime":454.625,"body":"a wonderful community for themselves,"},{"startTime":454.625,"endTime":458.32,"body":"and who basically get on with life."},{"startTime":458.32,"endTime":460.987,"body":"I realize that life's a little bit harder."},{"startTime":460.987,"endTime":464.17,"body":"Parenthetically, I've just"},{"startTime":460.987,"endTime":464.17,"body":"ruptured my Achilles tendon,"},{"startTime":464.17,"endTime":467.04,"body":"and so I've been in a boot for a month."},{"startTime":467.04,"endTime":469.43,"body":"I'm in a hard boot for four weeks,"},{"startTime":469.43,"endTime":474.01,"body":"and I fully realize that"},{"startTime":469.43,"endTime":474.01,"body":"restricted mobility,"},{"startTime":474.01,"endTime":475.04,"body":"just everything is harder."},{"startTime":475.04,"endTime":476.653,"body":"Everything takes me longer."},{"startTime":478.42,"endTime":481.11,"body":"But at the end of the"},{"startTime":478.42,"endTime":481.11,"body":"day, when I meet people,"},{"startTime":481.11,"endTime":484.61,"body":"the feedback that I get is"},{"startTime":481.11,"endTime":484.61,"body":"overwhelmingly positive."},{"startTime":484.61,"endTime":487.22,"body":"I'm also, by the way,"},{"startTime":484.61,"endTime":487.22,"body":"this is very important,"},{"startTime":487.22,"endTime":490.24,"body":"I'm fully aware that"},{"startTime":487.22,"endTime":490.24,"body":"I very often reach out"},{"startTime":490.24,"endTime":492.363,"body":"to the people who don't need any help,"},{"startTime":493.67,"endTime":495.88,"body":"and there's still a"},{"startTime":493.67,"endTime":495.88,"body":"lot of people out there"},{"startTime":495.88,"endTime":499.96,"body":"who don't get access to the"},{"startTime":495.88,"endTime":499.96,"body":"kind of help that they need."},{"startTime":499.96,"endTime":503.764,"body":"And so I don't want to"},{"startTime":499.96,"endTime":503.764,"body":"underplay this, but I am,"},{"startTime":503.764,"endTime":506.61,"body":"I am optimistic when I meet people."},{"startTime":506.61,"endTime":510.77,"body":"And I think what POP is doing for people"},{"startTime":510.77,"endTime":513.873,"body":"in Virginia is truly impressive,"},{"startTime":514.76,"endTime":519.76,"body":"and I remain very optimistic."},{"startTime":520.12,"endTime":523.61,"body":"And I've had very, very"},{"startTime":520.12,"endTime":523.61,"body":"little negative feedback."},{"startTime":523.61,"endTime":528.027,"body":"In fact, I've had none, and so I think,"},{"startTime":529.275,"endTime":532.2,"body":"I think people want to"},{"startTime":529.275,"endTime":532.2,"body":"look after themselves,"},{"startTime":532.2,"endTime":535.33,"body":"and so I remain very, very optimistic."},{"startTime":535.33,"endTime":537.36,"body":"- Well, what you said certainly echoes"},{"startTime":537.36,"endTime":539.49,"body":"the climate here in Virginia,"},{"startTime":539.49,"endTime":541.51,"body":"in terms of what we've seen,"},{"startTime":541.51,"endTime":543.02,"body":"in terms of the positivity"},{"startTime":543.02,"endTime":545.25,"body":"and that positivity creating"},{"startTime":545.25,"endTime":547.77,"body":"really a community among people."},{"startTime":547.77,"endTime":550.35,"body":"The socialization is just so important,"},{"startTime":550.35,"endTime":553.32,"body":"and we see that here,"},{"startTime":550.35,"endTime":553.32,"body":"and we see the optimism"},{"startTime":553.32,"endTime":555.04,"body":"and the community that's established"},{"startTime":555.04,"endTime":558.563,"body":"through the social events, the gatherings,"},{"startTime":559.55,"endTime":562.11,"body":"the resources that lead people together."},{"startTime":562.11,"endTime":565.06,"body":"So I would certainly echo your sentiment"},{"startTime":565.06,"endTime":568.85,"body":"that it's enriching to"},{"startTime":565.06,"endTime":568.85,"body":"see, from a POP standpoint,"},{"startTime":568.85,"endTime":571.37,"body":"the community that's"},{"startTime":568.85,"endTime":571.37,"body":"established and that positivity,"},{"startTime":571.37,"endTime":573.98,"body":"and that's a driving force for us as well."},{"startTime":573.98,"endTime":575.613,"body":"So I can certainly echo that."},{"startTime":576.54,"endTime":577.53,"body":"- Yep, absolutely."},{"startTime":577.53,"endTime":580.412,"body":"- So, moving on, a lot of your research,"},{"startTime":580.412,"endTime":583.18,"body":"the premise of your research and your work"},{"startTime":583.18,"endTime":585.79,"body":"really stems from exercise being medicine,"},{"startTime":585.79,"endTime":590.15,"body":"exercise being really critical"},{"startTime":585.79,"endTime":590.15,"body":"in managing the disease."},{"startTime":590.15,"endTime":593.14,"body":"And that really aligns with"},{"startTime":590.15,"endTime":593.14,"body":"what POP has been doing"},{"startTime":593.14,"endTime":596.17,"body":"in terms of providing resources to people"},{"startTime":596.17,"endTime":598.04,"body":"to get out and move, whether it's bowling"},{"startTime":598.04,"endTime":600.42,"body":"or at the driving range and beyond."},{"startTime":600.42,"endTime":602.72,"body":"It certainly aligns with our mission,"},{"startTime":602.72,"endTime":605.74,"body":"in terms of how important"},{"startTime":602.72,"endTime":605.74,"body":"physical activity is."},{"startTime":605.74,"endTime":607.45,"body":"So at a high level, can you explain"},{"startTime":607.45,"endTime":611.75,"body":"to our listeners what makes"},{"startTime":607.45,"endTime":611.75,"body":"exercise so impactful,"},{"startTime":611.75,"endTime":615.4,"body":"and how does it slow the"},{"startTime":611.75,"endTime":615.4,"body":"progression of the disease?"},{"startTime":615.4,"endTime":619.21,"body":"- So what makes exercise impactful is that"},{"startTime":619.21,"endTime":624.21,"body":"many people have excessive inflammation,"},{"startTime":625.837,"endTime":629.84,"body":"and many people are potentially"},{"startTime":625.837,"endTime":629.84,"body":"slightly overweight,"},{"startTime":629.84,"endTime":633.804,"body":"and many people have"},{"startTime":629.84,"endTime":633.804,"body":"health related issues."},{"startTime":633.804,"endTime":636.183,"body":"BMI is a little bit high in many people."},{"startTime":636.183,"endTime":639.9,"body":"There's a high prevalence of diabetes."},{"startTime":639.9,"endTime":643.53,"body":"And so many people are"},{"startTime":639.9,"endTime":643.53,"body":"not quite as healthy"},{"startTime":643.53,"endTime":648.03,"body":"as they should be, and I"},{"startTime":643.53,"endTime":648.03,"body":"think the COVID-19 epidemic"},{"startTime":648.03,"endTime":651.48,"body":"has really, really illustrated this."},{"startTime":651.48,"endTime":656.17,"body":"So for example, age clearly affects"},{"startTime":656.17,"endTime":659.62,"body":"how COVID-19 affects one,"},{"startTime":659.62,"endTime":661.81,"body":"and certainly older people do suffer"},{"startTime":661.81,"endTime":664.66,"body":"proportionally more than younger people."},{"startTime":664.66,"endTime":667.17,"body":"But it's also very, very clear evidence"},{"startTime":667.17,"endTime":669.92,"body":"that if you're a really, really healthy,"},{"startTime":669.92,"endTime":672.173,"body":"super healthy 75 year old,"},{"startTime":673.67,"endTime":677.34,"body":"your resistance to COVID-19 is greater"},{"startTime":677.34,"endTime":680.48,"body":"than an unhealthy 65 year old,"},{"startTime":680.48,"endTime":683.56,"body":"or a really unhealthy 55 year old."},{"startTime":683.56,"endTime":685.16,"body":"So you can go across medicine."},{"startTime":685.16,"endTime":688.95,"body":"One doesn't, this message is independent"},{"startTime":688.95,"endTime":692.446,"body":"of Parkinson's disease, that"},{"startTime":688.95,"endTime":692.446,"body":"when you go across medicine,"},{"startTime":692.446,"endTime":695.53,"body":"whatever your disease,"},{"startTime":692.446,"endTime":695.53,"body":"whether it's cancer,"},{"startTime":695.53,"endTime":697.92,"body":"whether it's COVID-19,"},{"startTime":697.92,"endTime":702.17,"body":"whether it's a heart problem, diabetes."},{"startTime":702.17,"endTime":704.75,"body":"These are all better treated"},{"startTime":704.75,"endTime":708.603,"body":"when one is really healthy to begin with."},{"startTime":709.44,"endTime":711.04,"body":"A very good friend of mine,"},{"startTime":711.04,"endTime":715.03,"body":"world famous neurologist, Dr. Jose Obeso,"},{"startTime":715.03,"endTime":718.4,"body":"when he sees a patient for the first time,"},{"startTime":718.4,"endTime":720.81,"body":"he talks to the patient"},{"startTime":718.4,"endTime":720.81,"body":"with Parkinson's disease"},{"startTime":720.81,"endTime":723.517,"body":"now about their general health."},{"startTime":723.517,"endTime":726.443,"body":"Well, he tells them, \"We're"},{"startTime":723.517,"endTime":726.443,"body":"gonna get you healthy,"},{"startTime":727.49,"endTime":730.45,"body":"and then we're going to take issue"},{"startTime":730.45,"endTime":732.19,"body":"with your Parkinson's disease.\""},{"startTime":732.19,"endTime":734.66,"body":"- That's great."},{"startTime":732.19,"endTime":734.66,"body":"- Because there is no question"},{"startTime":734.66,"endTime":738.24,"body":"that when one is good,"},{"startTime":734.66,"endTime":738.24,"body":"in general good health,"},{"startTime":738.24,"endTime":741.03,"body":"then any aspect of disease,"},{"startTime":741.03,"endTime":743.03,"body":"and inflammation is a big deal."},{"startTime":743.03,"endTime":748.03,"body":"So exercises reduces inflammation"},{"startTime":743.03,"endTime":748.03,"body":"in Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":748.19,"endTime":750.823,"body":"There's very strong evidence for this now."},{"startTime":751.75,"endTime":754.45,"body":"Neurotrophic factors tend to be reduced"},{"startTime":754.45,"endTime":756.82,"body":"in Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":756.82,"endTime":760.1,"body":"You exercise, you increase"},{"startTime":756.82,"endTime":760.1,"body":"your brain derived"},{"startTime":760.1,"endTime":763.34,"body":"neurotrophic factor, which is very good."},{"startTime":763.34,"endTime":766.53,"body":"So a lot of people with"},{"startTime":763.34,"endTime":766.53,"body":"Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":766.53,"endTime":770.3,"body":"measurements which are elevated"},{"startTime":770.3,"endTime":772.68,"body":"get reduced with exercise,"},{"startTime":772.68,"endTime":775.32,"body":"and measurements which are"},{"startTime":772.68,"endTime":775.32,"body":"reduced gets increased."},{"startTime":775.32,"endTime":778.14,"body":"So you're kind of"},{"startTime":775.32,"endTime":778.14,"body":"trending back to a normal,"},{"startTime":778.14,"endTime":779.08,"body":"healthy profile."},{"startTime":779.08,"endTime":782.66,"body":"And so the argument that"},{"startTime":779.08,"endTime":782.66,"body":"exercise is medicine"},{"startTime":782.66,"endTime":784.2,"body":"is simply that there's no pill"},{"startTime":784.2,"endTime":785.56,"body":"which can do all of this."},{"startTime":785.56,"endTime":788.07,"body":"Now specifically, clearly dopamine"},{"startTime":788.07,"endTime":792.26,"body":"is a wonderful pill for"},{"startTime":788.07,"endTime":792.26,"body":"Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":792.26,"endTime":795.05,"body":"but it doesn't affect"},{"startTime":792.26,"endTime":795.05,"body":"one's overall general"},{"startTime":795.05,"endTime":796.61,"body":"global health."},{"startTime":796.61,"endTime":799.98,"body":"So the idea of coupling"},{"startTime":796.61,"endTime":799.98,"body":"dopamine replacement therapies,"},{"startTime":799.98,"endTime":803.72,"body":"Sinemet, or deep brain stimulation,"},{"startTime":803.72,"endTime":805.663,"body":"which also affects the brain,"},{"startTime":806.86,"endTime":810.2,"body":"with exercise is very good."},{"startTime":810.2,"endTime":813.91,"body":"So it's a generic, wonderful pill"},{"startTime":813.91,"endTime":816.61,"body":"that is good for everybody,"},{"startTime":816.61,"endTime":819.76,"body":"from little kids all the way"},{"startTime":819.76,"endTime":822.42,"body":"through to people much, much older,"},{"startTime":822.42,"endTime":825.9,"body":"and its benefits are terrific,"},{"startTime":825.9,"endTime":829.313,"body":"and it mitigates against"},{"startTime":825.9,"endTime":829.313,"body":"a lot of other problems."},{"startTime":830.43,"endTime":832.22,"body":"- What a great takeaway you just said,"},{"startTime":832.22,"endTime":837.22,"body":"that the initial treatment"},{"startTime":832.22,"endTime":837.22,"body":"being almost normalized."},{"startTime":837.34,"endTime":838.79,"body":"So you've got Parkinson's,"},{"startTime":838.79,"endTime":840.8,"body":"but the initial treatment is doing"},{"startTime":840.8,"endTime":842.683,"body":"what everybody without"},{"startTime":840.8,"endTime":842.683,"body":"Parkinson's should do."},{"startTime":842.683,"endTime":844.03,"body":"It's just stay healthy."},{"startTime":844.03,"endTime":847.74,"body":"So it's almost normalizing that treatment"},{"startTime":847.74,"endTime":850.95,"body":"and eliminating the"},{"startTime":847.74,"endTime":850.95,"body":"barrier from the patient,"},{"startTime":850.95,"endTime":853.17,"body":"potentially, that I have"},{"startTime":850.95,"endTime":853.17,"body":"to treat my Parkinson's."},{"startTime":853.17,"endTime":854.95,"body":"I have a laundry list"},{"startTime":853.17,"endTime":854.95,"body":"of things I have to do"},{"startTime":854.95,"endTime":856.83,"body":"for my Parkinson's, but instead,"},{"startTime":856.83,"endTime":859.43,"body":"you've opened it up to"},{"startTime":856.83,"endTime":859.43,"body":"almost normalizing it"},{"startTime":859.43,"endTime":860.88,"body":"and saying, I have to get healthy."},{"startTime":860.88,"endTime":862.16,"body":"Parkinson's is a piece,"},{"startTime":862.16,"endTime":864.58,"body":"but I have to get healthy,"},{"startTime":862.16,"endTime":864.58,"body":"just like anybody else."},{"startTime":864.58,"endTime":866.87,"body":"So I love that takeaway"},{"startTime":864.58,"endTime":866.87,"body":"that you just said,"},{"startTime":866.87,"endTime":868.79,"body":"so thank you for sharing that."},{"startTime":868.79,"endTime":871.13,"body":"- No, I certainly believe that."},{"startTime":871.13,"endTime":872.86,"body":"I'm not trying to downplay that"},{"startTime":872.86,"endTime":875.48,"body":"tremor can be embarrassing and disabling,"},{"startTime":875.48,"endTime":878.68,"body":"or slowness of movement, but generally,"},{"startTime":878.68,"endTime":882.3,"body":"you can deal with all"},{"startTime":878.68,"endTime":882.3,"body":"of those so much better"},{"startTime":883.393,"endTime":886.15,"body":"if you're coming from a really healthy"},{"startTime":887.1,"endTime":890.68,"body":"mind-body relationship,"},{"startTime":887.1,"endTime":890.68,"body":"than if you're starting off"},{"startTime":890.68,"endTime":893.7,"body":"with a really unhealthy"},{"startTime":890.68,"endTime":893.7,"body":"mind body relationship."},{"startTime":893.7,"endTime":895.15,"body":"- Yeah, that's great."},{"startTime":895.15,"endTime":899.04,"body":"And my next question probably"},{"startTime":895.15,"endTime":899.04,"body":"is a talk in and of itself."},{"startTime":899.04,"endTime":901.86,"body":"You can probably go on"},{"startTime":899.04,"endTime":901.86,"body":"for a couple of hours"},{"startTime":901.86,"endTime":904.77,"body":"regarding the progression of the disease,"},{"startTime":904.77,"endTime":906.9,"body":"a typical progression of the disease,"},{"startTime":906.9,"endTime":909.39,"body":"and how it contrasts from those"},{"startTime":909.39,"endTime":913.3,"body":"who have the disease and have a routine,"},{"startTime":913.3,"endTime":915.61,"body":"consistent workout schedule."},{"startTime":915.61,"endTime":918.62,"body":"So can you talk to me a"},{"startTime":915.61,"endTime":918.62,"body":"little bit about that?"},{"startTime":918.62,"endTime":919.453,"body":"- Yes."},{"startTime":919.453,"endTime":922.13,"body":"So Parkinson's disease"},{"startTime":922.13,"endTime":924.63,"body":"is a progressive neurological disease,"},{"startTime":924.63,"endTime":927.93,"body":"and so when you see your"},{"startTime":924.63,"endTime":927.93,"body":"movement disorder specialist,"},{"startTime":927.93,"endTime":929.38,"body":"and for all of you listening,"},{"startTime":929.38,"endTime":933.27,"body":"it is really essential, or"},{"startTime":929.38,"endTime":933.27,"body":"I think close to essential"},{"startTime":933.27,"endTime":935.74,"body":"to make sure that periodically"},{"startTime":935.74,"endTime":938.81,"body":"you see a movement disorders specialist."},{"startTime":938.81,"endTime":940.81,"body":"Somebody who sees people"},{"startTime":940.81,"endTime":943.22,"body":"with Parkinson's disease all the time."},{"startTime":943.22,"endTime":944.85,"body":"Somebody who really understands"},{"startTime":944.85,"endTime":948.793,"body":"the pharmacology of Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":949.8,"endTime":954.8,"body":"And people like that"},{"startTime":949.8,"endTime":954.8,"body":"kind of know the 20-25,"},{"startTime":955.22,"endTime":956.54,"body":"depending on when you get the disease,"},{"startTime":956.54,"endTime":958.45,"body":"progression of the disease."},{"startTime":958.45,"endTime":960.58,"body":"And what's gonna happen is you're gonna"},{"startTime":960.58,"endTime":962.4,"body":"slow down a little bit."},{"startTime":962.4,"endTime":964.483,"body":"You may or may not have tremor."},{"startTime":965.436,"endTime":967.34,"body":"You will be more rigid."},{"startTime":967.34,"endTime":970.16,"body":"You'll feel stiff, and when a person moves"},{"startTime":970.16,"endTime":972.84,"body":"your limb, they're harder,"},{"startTime":970.16,"endTime":972.84,"body":"it's harder to move."},{"startTime":972.84,"endTime":974.76,"body":"The limb lacks rigidity."},{"startTime":974.76,"endTime":978.26,"body":"Your posture will start"},{"startTime":974.76,"endTime":978.26,"body":"to stoop a little bit."},{"startTime":978.26,"endTime":979.938,"body":"You may have falls."},{"startTime":979.938,"endTime":982.64,"body":"You may lose balance."},{"startTime":982.64,"endTime":985.04,"body":"You may feel very fatigued."},{"startTime":985.04,"endTime":987.052,"body":"And then in parallel, you have a series"},{"startTime":987.052,"endTime":989.33,"body":"of non-motor symptoms."},{"startTime":989.33,"endTime":991.65,"body":"Your sleep may be disrupted."},{"startTime":991.65,"endTime":994.95,"body":"Cognition can be impacted."},{"startTime":994.95,"endTime":998.78,"body":"The autonomic system"},{"startTime":994.95,"endTime":998.78,"body":"isn't working as well,"},{"startTime":998.78,"endTime":1001.383,"body":"and these are all progressing over time."},{"startTime":1002.642,"endTime":1005.541,"body":"And all of these things, most of these"},{"startTime":1005.541,"endTime":1008.71,"body":"are in fact peculiar"},{"startTime":1005.541,"endTime":1008.71,"body":"to Parkinson's disease,"},{"startTime":1008.71,"endTime":1011.29,"body":"but you also have an"},{"startTime":1008.71,"endTime":1011.29,"body":"age related progression."},{"startTime":1011.29,"endTime":1015.53,"body":"So as people age, aspects of memory"},{"startTime":1015.53,"endTime":1017.535,"body":"become a little bit harder."},{"startTime":1017.535,"endTime":1022.535,"body":"So what the exercise"},{"startTime":1017.535,"endTime":1022.535,"body":"does is slows this down."},{"startTime":1023.17,"endTime":1026.48,"body":"So imagine that every year,"},{"startTime":1026.48,"endTime":1029.0,"body":"your disease is progressing three points."},{"startTime":1029.0,"endTime":1032.649,"body":"So if a physician gives you a test"},{"startTime":1032.649,"endTime":1034.65,"body":"and they say at the end of your test,"},{"startTime":1034.65,"endTime":1036.528,"body":"you've got a score of 20"},{"startTime":1036.528,"endTime":1040.13,"body":"out of perhaps 108 or some other number."},{"startTime":1040.13,"endTime":1043.23,"body":"Then every year your disease progresses"},{"startTime":1043.23,"endTime":1044.803,"body":"by two or three points."},{"startTime":1046.08,"endTime":1048.943,"body":"It's a relentless progression."},{"startTime":1048.943,"endTime":1050.9,"body":"But if you really look after yourself,"},{"startTime":1050.9,"endTime":1052.9,"body":"and it's not just exercise."},{"startTime":1052.9,"endTime":1054.03,"body":"The more you exercise,"},{"startTime":1054.03,"endTime":1056.49,"body":"the more you have to"},{"startTime":1054.03,"endTime":1056.49,"body":"balance your nutrition,"},{"startTime":1056.49,"endTime":1057.923,"body":"your rest and your sleep."},{"startTime":1058.77,"endTime":1060.72,"body":"So if you reach a point of reaching"},{"startTime":1060.72,"endTime":1063.67,"body":"that balance of those four factors,"},{"startTime":1063.67,"endTime":1066.61,"body":"then the speed at which"},{"startTime":1063.67,"endTime":1066.61,"body":"your disease progresses"},{"startTime":1067.73,"endTime":1070.469,"body":"should slow down a little bit."},{"startTime":1070.469,"endTime":1072.214,"body":"It's gonna progress."},{"startTime":1072.214,"endTime":1074.23,"body":"Person has Parkinson's disease."},{"startTime":1074.23,"endTime":1076.98,"body":"This is, this is inevitable,"},{"startTime":1076.98,"endTime":1079.52,"body":"but whether it progress two, four,"},{"startTime":1079.52,"endTime":1081.827,"body":"six, eight points a year,"},{"startTime":1081.827,"endTime":1084.96,"body":"I think is, in part, under the control"},{"startTime":1084.96,"endTime":1087.26,"body":"of the person and their position."},{"startTime":1087.26,"endTime":1090.68,"body":"A really good physician can medically"},{"startTime":1090.68,"endTime":1094.1,"body":"manage a person, so that the time"},{"startTime":1094.1,"endTime":1098.4,"body":"at which the postural"},{"startTime":1094.1,"endTime":1098.4,"body":"problems come is delayed."},{"startTime":1098.4,"endTime":1100.3,"body":"A physical therapist can give a person"},{"startTime":1100.3,"endTime":1105.3,"body":"strategies to deal with"},{"startTime":1100.3,"endTime":1105.3,"body":"falling over, freezing of gait."},{"startTime":1105.565,"endTime":1110.565,"body":"But the idea here is that"},{"startTime":1105.565,"endTime":1110.565,"body":"as your disease progresses,"},{"startTime":1111.93,"endTime":1115.74,"body":"it progresses more slowly"},{"startTime":1111.93,"endTime":1115.74,"body":"when you look after yourself."},{"startTime":1115.74,"endTime":1118.39,"body":"Now, I really wanna kind of expand"},{"startTime":1118.39,"endTime":1120.963,"body":"a little bit on this,"},{"startTime":1118.39,"endTime":1120.963,"body":"because for some people,"},{"startTime":1122.32,"endTime":1125.269,"body":"exercise is just not a word they like."},{"startTime":1125.269,"endTime":1128.73,"body":"And I get that. I really do."},{"startTime":1128.73,"endTime":1130.08,"body":"Other people thrive on the term,"},{"startTime":1130.08,"endTime":1133.017,"body":"but other people, exercise is not me."},{"startTime":1134.97,"endTime":1137.093,"body":"So part of this is a mind game issue."},{"startTime":1138.05,"endTime":1140.96,"body":"So think of it as looking after yourself,"},{"startTime":1140.96,"endTime":1142.48,"body":"and looking after one's self"},{"startTime":1142.48,"endTime":1144.26,"body":"should be what all of us do."},{"startTime":1144.26,"endTime":1146.13,"body":"And so you get your diet right,"},{"startTime":1146.13,"endTime":1150.89,"body":"you get your rest right,"},{"startTime":1146.13,"endTime":1150.89,"body":"you get your sleep right,"},{"startTime":1150.89,"endTime":1154.97,"body":"and then think of it"},{"startTime":1150.89,"endTime":1154.97,"body":"in terms of activities."},{"startTime":1154.97,"endTime":1155.803,"body":"Fun things."},{"startTime":1156.66,"endTime":1158.9,"body":"So words like exercise"},{"startTime":1158.9,"endTime":1161.95,"body":"are just not a good idea and don't use it."},{"startTime":1161.95,"endTime":1166.407,"body":"You happen to like dancing, go and dance."},{"startTime":1166.407,"endTime":1169.39,"body":"And it's doing much"},{"startTime":1166.407,"endTime":1169.39,"body":"the same for your body."},{"startTime":1169.39,"endTime":1172.97,"body":"It's just not using the E word,"},{"startTime":1172.97,"endTime":1175.714,"body":"which some people find a"},{"startTime":1172.97,"endTime":1175.714,"body":"little bit hard to use."},{"startTime":1175.714,"endTime":1176.547,"body":"- Right."},{"startTime":1177.64,"endTime":1178.473,"body":"That's so true."},{"startTime":1178.473,"endTime":1180.22,"body":"We found, at least here"},{"startTime":1180.22,"endTime":1182.84,"body":"with our Parkinson's"},{"startTime":1180.22,"endTime":1182.84,"body":"Activity League events"},{"startTime":1182.84,"endTime":1186.81,"body":"that we have tried to provide the fun"},{"startTime":1186.81,"endTime":1189.91,"body":"around the E word, and maybe not say."},{"startTime":1189.91,"endTime":1191.57,"body":"It's an activity league."},{"startTime":1191.57,"endTime":1192.89,"body":"It's not an exercise league."},{"startTime":1192.89,"endTime":1194.7,"body":"So folks are bowling."},{"startTime":1194.7,"endTime":1196.95,"body":"They're going in the driving range."},{"startTime":1196.95,"endTime":1200.44,"body":"They're playing various bocce ball,"},{"startTime":1200.44,"endTime":1203.78,"body":"skee-ball games that end up being games,"},{"startTime":1203.78,"endTime":1207.18,"body":"but look a little bit like"},{"startTime":1203.78,"endTime":1207.18,"body":"exercise and activity."},{"startTime":1207.18,"endTime":1211.83,"body":"So we found success"},{"startTime":1207.18,"endTime":1211.83,"body":"around that in terms of,"},{"startTime":1211.83,"endTime":1213.89,"body":"and communicating around that,"},{"startTime":1213.89,"endTime":1216.98,"body":"that getting out in whatever capacity"},{"startTime":1216.98,"endTime":1220.02,"body":"and moving is better than zero."},{"startTime":1220.02,"endTime":1222.7,"body":"You might not be at a gym,"},{"startTime":1220.02,"endTime":1222.7,"body":"but you're out here bowling"},{"startTime":1222.7,"endTime":1225.38,"body":"and you're out here"},{"startTime":1222.7,"endTime":1225.38,"body":"moving in some capacity."},{"startTime":1225.38,"endTime":1228.25,"body":"So that's been, it's been exciting to see"},{"startTime":1228.25,"endTime":1231.08,"body":"people gravitate, who might be gym-averse,"},{"startTime":1231.08,"endTime":1232.99,"body":"but gravitate towards these things that,"},{"startTime":1232.99,"endTime":1234.43,"body":"you know, there's fun involved."},{"startTime":1234.43,"endTime":1237.965,"body":"I think it's a nice aspect and incentive."},{"startTime":1237.965,"endTime":1239.65,"body":"- Absolutely."},{"startTime":1239.65,"endTime":1240.973,"body":"It should be made fun."},{"startTime":1241.92,"endTime":1243.34,"body":"And you know, what does fun do?"},{"startTime":1243.34,"endTime":1245.39,"body":"Fun probably releases dopamine,"},{"startTime":1245.39,"endTime":1248.803,"body":"so it's probably therapeutic"},{"startTime":1245.39,"endTime":1248.803,"body":"in and of itself, so."},{"startTime":1249.723,"endTime":1254.67,"body":"I think one has to tailor"},{"startTime":1249.723,"endTime":1254.67,"body":"activities, events for people."},{"startTime":1254.67,"endTime":1255.503,"body":"- Yes."},{"startTime":1256.97,"endTime":1257.803,"body":"Very true."},{"startTime":1257.803,"endTime":1259.826,"body":"I think here in Richmond,"},{"startTime":1259.826,"endTime":1263.02,"body":"we are attempting to"},{"startTime":1259.826,"endTime":1263.02,"body":"provide a holistic approach"},{"startTime":1263.02,"endTime":1266.84,"body":"where we offer an array"},{"startTime":1263.02,"endTime":1266.84,"body":"of modes of movement,"},{"startTime":1266.84,"endTime":1268.88,"body":"and people can self-select."},{"startTime":1268.88,"endTime":1272.25,"body":"They have that latitude"},{"startTime":1268.88,"endTime":1272.25,"body":"and hopefully that drive"},{"startTime":1272.25,"endTime":1275.14,"body":"and initiative to sign"},{"startTime":1272.25,"endTime":1275.14,"body":"up for these things."},{"startTime":1275.14,"endTime":1276.36,"body":"And it doesn't have to be everything,"},{"startTime":1276.36,"endTime":1280.381,"body":"but it's something that"},{"startTime":1276.36,"endTime":1280.381,"body":"fits your interests,"},{"startTime":1280.381,"endTime":1282.58,"body":"in terms of moving."},{"startTime":1282.58,"endTime":1286.86,"body":"So I think, I think it's"},{"startTime":1282.58,"endTime":1286.86,"body":"so important to see,"},{"startTime":1286.86,"endTime":1289.07,"body":"to have that available to people,"},{"startTime":1289.07,"endTime":1291.7,"body":"and we've been excited to"},{"startTime":1289.07,"endTime":1291.7,"body":"be able to provide that"},{"startTime":1291.7,"endTime":1293.96,"body":"and free of charge to"},{"startTime":1291.7,"endTime":1293.96,"body":"folks with Parkinson's"},{"startTime":1293.96,"endTime":1296.01,"body":"and their care partners."},{"startTime":1296.01,"endTime":1296.843,"body":"- I think that's great,"},{"startTime":1296.843,"endTime":1299.05,"body":"and I think the free of"},{"startTime":1296.843,"endTime":1299.05,"body":"charge is a big deal."},{"startTime":1299.968,"endTime":1302.04,"body":"I think the people who need it the most"},{"startTime":1302.04,"endTime":1304.462,"body":"are those probably who"},{"startTime":1302.04,"endTime":1304.462,"body":"can afford it the least."},{"startTime":1304.462,"endTime":1305.42,"body":"- Right."},{"startTime":1305.42,"endTime":1306.36,"body":"- So the free of charge,"},{"startTime":1306.36,"endTime":1310.387,"body":"I think what you're doing there"},{"startTime":1306.36,"endTime":1310.387,"body":"is, I think it's brilliant."},{"startTime":1310.387,"endTime":1311.22,"body":"- Yeah, thank you."},{"startTime":1311.22,"endTime":1313.09,"body":"And I think we all are working,"},{"startTime":1313.09,"endTime":1314.66,"body":"and especially over this last year"},{"startTime":1314.66,"endTime":1317.41,"body":"in terms of eliminating"},{"startTime":1314.66,"endTime":1317.41,"body":"those barriers to resources."},{"startTime":1317.41,"endTime":1322.1,"body":"So if we can eliminate, no"},{"startTime":1317.41,"endTime":1322.1,"body":"one can 100% eliminate COVID"},{"startTime":1322.1,"endTime":1324.13,"body":"and the barriers in terms"},{"startTime":1322.1,"endTime":1324.13,"body":"of getting out with that."},{"startTime":1324.13,"endTime":1326.41,"body":"But if we can eliminate"},{"startTime":1324.13,"endTime":1326.41,"body":"a financial barrier,"},{"startTime":1326.41,"endTime":1329.46,"body":"and maybe some other"},{"startTime":1326.41,"endTime":1329.46,"body":"barriers along the way,"},{"startTime":1329.46,"endTime":1332.298,"body":"I think that's a success in and of itself."},{"startTime":1332.298,"endTime":1334.7,"body":"- It is, it's a huge success."},{"startTime":1334.7,"endTime":1335.533,"body":"- Yeah."},{"startTime":1335.533,"endTime":1338.8,"body":"So tell us, as we move on"},{"startTime":1335.533,"endTime":1338.8,"body":"to some of your research,"},{"startTime":1338.8,"endTime":1341.33,"body":"your current research,"},{"startTime":1338.8,"endTime":1341.33,"body":"as a lead investigator,"},{"startTime":1341.33,"endTime":1343.19,"body":"share with our listeners a little bit"},{"startTime":1343.19,"endTime":1345.5,"body":"about your SPARX research."},{"startTime":1345.5,"endTime":1347.22,"body":"I know there's iterative phases."},{"startTime":1347.22,"endTime":1349.25,"body":"Tell us what phase you're in,"},{"startTime":1349.25,"endTime":1351.26,"body":"what phases you've concluded,"},{"startTime":1351.26,"endTime":1352.73,"body":"and what you've garnered from those,"},{"startTime":1352.73,"endTime":1355.663,"body":"and how people can get"},{"startTime":1352.73,"endTime":1355.663,"body":"involved, if they would like."},{"startTime":1387.07,"endTime":1389.95,"body":"- Yes, so currently, I'm the PI"},{"startTime":1389.95,"endTime":1392.243,"body":"of a phase three clinical trial."},{"startTime":1392.243,"endTime":1394.92,"body":"Phase three clinical"},{"startTime":1392.243,"endTime":1394.92,"body":"trials are very well known"},{"startTime":1394.92,"endTime":1397.66,"body":"by most people nowadays because COVID-19"},{"startTime":1397.66,"endTime":1399.3899999999999,"body":"is having one phase three clinical trial"},{"startTime":1399.3899999999999,"endTime":1402.99,"body":"after another phase three"},{"startTime":1399.3899999999999,"endTime":1402.99,"body":"clinical trial come to market,"},{"startTime":1402.99,"endTime":1404.6499999999999,"body":"and you can see that it's the phase three"},{"startTime":1404.6499999999999,"endTime":1407.85,"body":"clinical trial which really"},{"startTime":1404.6499999999999,"endTime":1407.85,"body":"affects clinical practice."},{"startTime":1407.85,"endTime":1412.85,"body":"So if a drug is slowing"},{"startTime":1407.85,"endTime":1412.85,"body":"or preventing COVID-19"},{"startTime":1413.18,"endTime":1415.58,"body":"without serious adverse effects,"},{"startTime":1415.58,"endTime":1418.7,"body":"that will go straight"},{"startTime":1415.58,"endTime":1418.7,"body":"into changing medicine."},{"startTime":1418.7,"endTime":1419.533,"body":"- Right."},{"startTime":1419.533,"endTime":1423.36,"body":"- And so we have a 29 side"},{"startTime":1419.533,"endTime":1423.36,"body":"phase three clinical trial"},{"startTime":1423.36,"endTime":1425.98,"body":"in which we're testing the hypothesis"},{"startTime":1425.98,"endTime":1429.3899999999999,"body":"that there may be a benefit to exercising"},{"startTime":1429.3899999999999,"endTime":1434.3899999999999,"body":"at high intensity, as oppose"},{"startTime":1429.3899999999999,"endTime":1434.3899999999999,"body":"to at a moderate intensity."},{"startTime":1435.6399999999999,"endTime":1438.884,"body":"So to be clear, moderate"},{"startTime":1435.6399999999999,"endTime":1438.884,"body":"intensity is very good for you,"},{"startTime":1438.884,"endTime":1441.42,"body":"and high-intensity is very good for you."},{"startTime":1441.42,"endTime":1444.98,"body":"But our hypothesis is"},{"startTime":1441.42,"endTime":1444.98,"body":"that there is something"},{"startTime":1444.98,"endTime":1449.27,"body":"to be gained by working"},{"startTime":1444.98,"endTime":1449.27,"body":"out at the high intensity."},{"startTime":1449.27,"endTime":1450.98,"body":"I realize for some people,"},{"startTime":1450.98,"endTime":1453.11,"body":"this is the area which is not fun,"},{"startTime":1453.11,"endTime":1455.52,"body":"but the idea of the phase"},{"startTime":1453.11,"endTime":1455.52,"body":"three clinical trial"},{"startTime":1455.52,"endTime":1458.94,"body":"is to provide clear, robust evidence"},{"startTime":1458.94,"endTime":1462.383,"body":"that if you're willing to do"},{"startTime":1458.94,"endTime":1462.383,"body":"the high intensity exercise,"},{"startTime":1462.383,"endTime":1466.46,"body":"that you will get a benefit"},{"startTime":1462.383,"endTime":1466.46,"body":"above and beyond that"},{"startTime":1466.46,"endTime":1469.3799999999999,"body":"from moderate intensity exercise."},{"startTime":1469.3799999999999,"endTime":1471.173,"body":"This is a two year study."},{"startTime":1472.028,"endTime":1475.51,"body":"There is one site in"},{"startTime":1472.028,"endTime":1475.51,"body":"the State of Virginia."},{"startTime":1475.51,"endTime":1478.74,"body":"Unfortunately it is not in Richmond,"},{"startTime":1478.74,"endTime":1481.75,"body":"but it is 30 miles away from Richmond."},{"startTime":1481.75,"endTime":1486.21,"body":"So if you go online and"},{"startTime":1481.75,"endTime":1486.21,"body":"you have search for SPARX3,"},{"startTime":1486.21,"endTime":1488.0,"body":"or you search under my name,"},{"startTime":1488.0,"endTime":1490.26,"body":"you will find that the SPARX3"},{"startTime":1490.26,"endTime":1491.73,"body":"phase three clinical study."},{"startTime":1491.73,"endTime":1494.49,"body":"The site in Richmond, sorry,"},{"startTime":1494.49,"endTime":1496.9569999999999,"body":"the sites in Virginia is very, very good,"},{"startTime":1497.94,"endTime":1500.706,"body":"and they will be enrolling"},{"startTime":1497.94,"endTime":1500.706,"body":"in the next few months."},{"startTime":1500.706,"endTime":1501.539,"body":"- Okay."},{"startTime":1501.539,"endTime":1503.53,"body":"- And if you haven't yet started"},{"startTime":1503.53,"endTime":1506.6399999999999,"body":"taking medication and"},{"startTime":1503.53,"endTime":1506.6399999999999,"body":"you'd like to exercise,"},{"startTime":1506.6399999999999,"endTime":1509.66,"body":"it will be a wonderful"},{"startTime":1506.6399999999999,"endTime":1509.66,"body":"opportunity for you,"},{"startTime":1509.66,"endTime":1513.802,"body":"and helping out science is"},{"startTime":1509.66,"endTime":1513.802,"body":"always very important too."},{"startTime":1513.802,"endTime":1515.23,"body":"The science is only as good"},{"startTime":1515.23,"endTime":1516.97,"body":"as the people willing to enroll."},{"startTime":1516.97,"endTime":1518.369,"body":"- Yeah."},{"startTime":1518.369,"endTime":1523.34,"body":"Well, how, I always find it to"},{"startTime":1518.369,"endTime":1523.34,"body":"be empowering to the patient."},{"startTime":1523.34,"endTime":1525.05,"body":"Hopefully patients feel this way"},{"startTime":1525.05,"endTime":1529.09,"body":"that they have an ownership"},{"startTime":1525.05,"endTime":1529.09,"body":"and they're involved"},{"startTime":1529.09,"endTime":1531.59,"body":"in the next stage of care and treatment."},{"startTime":1531.59,"endTime":1534.6299999999999,"body":"So hopefully that's"},{"startTime":1531.59,"endTime":1534.6299999999999,"body":"certainly a benefit to people"},{"startTime":1534.6299999999999,"endTime":1536.68,"body":"here in Richmond and the other sites"},{"startTime":1536.68,"endTime":1538.03,"body":"that you're working with, that people want"},{"startTime":1538.03,"endTime":1540.73,"body":"to be involved in the"},{"startTime":1538.03,"endTime":1540.73,"body":"next phase of treatment."},{"startTime":1540.73,"endTime":1543.44,"body":"- No, absolutely, and"},{"startTime":1540.73,"endTime":1543.44,"body":"for people in Richmond,"},{"startTime":1543.44,"endTime":1547.19,"body":"we can certainly tell you"},{"startTime":1543.44,"endTime":1547.19,"body":"what you should be doing."},{"startTime":1547.19,"endTime":1548.82,"body":"So you should not feel that"},{"startTime":1548.82,"endTime":1550.41,"body":"because there isn't a site there,"},{"startTime":1550.41,"endTime":1553.177,"body":"you can't benefit from what's going on."},{"startTime":1553.177,"endTime":1555.24,"body":"We can make very clear to you"},{"startTime":1555.24,"endTime":1559.393,"body":"what we think the current"},{"startTime":1555.24,"endTime":1559.393,"body":"evidence suggests."},{"startTime":1559.393,"endTime":1562.67,"body":"It's just that it's not possible"},{"startTime":1559.393,"endTime":1562.67,"body":"to have sites everywhere."},{"startTime":1562.67,"endTime":1563.92,"body":"- Everywhere. (laughs)"},{"startTime":1563.92,"endTime":1568.92,"body":"- But the site we have in"},{"startTime":1563.92,"endTime":1568.92,"body":"Charlottesville is very good."},{"startTime":1568.98,"endTime":1571.02,"body":"- And for the folks"},{"startTime":1568.98,"endTime":1571.02,"body":"here, we understand that"},{"startTime":1571.02,"endTime":1573.8,"body":"Charlottesville is not a bad place to be."},{"startTime":1573.8,"endTime":1575.1499999999999,"body":"So it's a good place to travel."},{"startTime":1575.1499999999999,"endTime":1575.983,"body":"It's beautiful."},{"startTime":1575.983,"endTime":1577.98,"body":"We all try to, I think"},{"startTime":1575.983,"endTime":1577.98,"body":"we try to get out there,"},{"startTime":1577.98,"endTime":1580.61,"body":"us Richmonders, as much as"},{"startTime":1577.98,"endTime":1580.61,"body":"possible in the mountains."},{"startTime":1580.61,"endTime":1582.28,"body":"So it's a beautiful place to be."},{"startTime":1582.28,"endTime":1583.6499999999999,"body":"- Oh, it's a beautiful university,"},{"startTime":1583.6499999999999,"endTime":1584.875,"body":"and they have world famous"},{"startTime":1584.875,"endTime":1588.12,"body":"exercise physiologists"},{"startTime":1584.875,"endTime":1588.12,"body":"there, world famous."},{"startTime":1588.12,"endTime":1588.953,"body":"- Yes."},{"startTime":1589.8799999999999,"endTime":1591.8,"body":"We've touched on a little bit,"},{"startTime":1591.8,"endTime":1593.8,"body":"we've said the C word,"},{"startTime":1591.8,"endTime":1593.8,"body":"COVID, a little bit,"},{"startTime":1593.8,"endTime":1595.87,"body":"but I'd be remiss if I didn't bring it up"},{"startTime":1595.87,"endTime":1598.6,"body":"and ask you a more pointed question."},{"startTime":1598.6,"endTime":1601.99,"body":"What high level advice, targeted advice"},{"startTime":1601.99,"endTime":1604.23,"body":"would you give to people"},{"startTime":1601.99,"endTime":1604.23,"body":"with Parkinson's right now"},{"startTime":1604.23,"endTime":1606.58,"body":"who have just fallen a little bit"},{"startTime":1606.58,"endTime":1609.25,"body":"with their typical exercise routine,"},{"startTime":1609.25,"endTime":1612.37,"body":"and how to get back into managing"},{"startTime":1612.37,"endTime":1614.02,"body":"the symptoms through exercise."},{"startTime":1614.02,"endTime":1616.27,"body":"So what advice would"},{"startTime":1614.02,"endTime":1616.27,"body":"you give to those folks?"},{"startTime":1617.1399999999999,"endTime":1620.3899999999999,"body":"- Well, it's very much"},{"startTime":1617.1399999999999,"endTime":1620.3899999999999,"body":"an individual preference."},{"startTime":1620.3899999999999,"endTime":1624.2,"body":"I think for a long while"},{"startTime":1620.3899999999999,"endTime":1624.2,"body":"still, even with vaccines,"},{"startTime":1624.2,"endTime":1627.3,"body":"even with masks, even"},{"startTime":1624.2,"endTime":1627.3,"body":"with social distancing,"},{"startTime":1627.3,"endTime":1629.79,"body":"some people are going to be adverse"},{"startTime":1629.79,"endTime":1632.4669999999999,"body":"to going near a gymnasium,"},{"startTime":1632.4669999999999,"endTime":1635.893,"body":"and I understand that, and I respect that."},{"startTime":1637.521,"endTime":1641.87,"body":"What has happened, so"},{"startTime":1637.521,"endTime":1641.87,"body":"COVID-19 has been very sad"},{"startTime":1641.87,"endTime":1643.773,"body":"and it has been a disaster."},{"startTime":1645.6499999999999,"endTime":1649.12,"body":"But one or two little things have happened"},{"startTime":1649.12,"endTime":1652.1,"body":"which will probably have longterm benefit."},{"startTime":1652.1,"endTime":1655.17,"body":"And so many people who do exercise"},{"startTime":1655.17,"endTime":1657.7,"body":"have become absolutely masters"},{"startTime":1657.7,"endTime":1659.663,"body":"at presenting classes over Zoom."},{"startTime":1660.95,"endTime":1665.08,"body":"And so you can find online,"},{"startTime":1660.95,"endTime":1665.08,"body":"and I can put you in contact."},{"startTime":1665.08,"endTime":1667.62,"body":"The group I talked to in California,"},{"startTime":1667.62,"endTime":1672.6,"body":"I talked to 120 people who"},{"startTime":1667.62,"endTime":1672.6,"body":"exercise in their home,"},{"startTime":1672.6,"endTime":1677.1299999999999,"body":"and the instructor teaches"},{"startTime":1672.6,"endTime":1677.1299999999999,"body":"them what to do in their home,"},{"startTime":1677.1299999999999,"endTime":1678.86,"body":"and for many people, this is beneficial."},{"startTime":1678.86,"endTime":1680.663,"body":"It means you don't have to travel."},{"startTime":1682.04,"endTime":1683.93,"body":"It means you save a lot of time."},{"startTime":1683.93,"endTime":1686.1,"body":"There are clearly"},{"startTime":1683.93,"endTime":1686.1,"body":"advantages to gymnasiums,"},{"startTime":1686.1,"endTime":1689.35,"body":"but if it's not working"},{"startTime":1686.1,"endTime":1689.35,"body":"for you at the moment."},{"startTime":1689.35,"endTime":1691.96,"body":"I work with a group in Chicago,"},{"startTime":1691.96,"endTime":1694.27,"body":"they're called the Movement Revolution,"},{"startTime":1694.27,"endTime":1697.693,"body":"and they've got wonderful,"},{"startTime":1694.27,"endTime":1697.693,"body":"wonderful Zoom programs."},{"startTime":1698.8,"endTime":1701.493,"body":"So if you're reluctant to go to a gym,"},{"startTime":1701.493,"endTime":1703.8999999999999,"body":"there's an immense amount online,"},{"startTime":1703.8999999999999,"endTime":1706.07,"body":"and I can put you in"},{"startTime":1703.8999999999999,"endTime":1706.07,"body":"contact with two groups"},{"startTime":1706.07,"endTime":1708.502,"body":"who are very, very good."},{"startTime":1708.502,"endTime":1712.25,"body":"I think as the vaccines come forth,"},{"startTime":1712.25,"endTime":1715.0,"body":"I actually go to the health club myself."},{"startTime":1715.0,"endTime":1716.8899999999999,"body":"I've gone back, and the"},{"startTime":1715.0,"endTime":1716.8899999999999,"body":"health club is very good."},{"startTime":1716.8899999999999,"endTime":1720.3799999999999,"body":"You have to check that they're"},{"startTime":1716.8899999999999,"endTime":1720.3799999999999,"body":"doing everything right."},{"startTime":1720.3799999999999,"endTime":1722.55,"body":"So one thing which is very important"},{"startTime":1722.55,"endTime":1724.2749999999999,"body":"is how air circulates,"},{"startTime":1724.2749999999999,"endTime":1727.34,"body":"and most really top health club right now"},{"startTime":1727.34,"endTime":1729.69,"body":"have got their air"},{"startTime":1727.34,"endTime":1729.69,"body":"circulation done really well."},{"startTime":1729.69,"endTime":1731.85,"body":"There's a mask mandate."},{"startTime":1731.85,"endTime":1734.34,"body":"You can't go very close to people,"},{"startTime":1734.34,"endTime":1737.46,"body":"and they're following"},{"startTime":1734.34,"endTime":1737.46,"body":"really best practice."},{"startTime":1737.46,"endTime":1739.25,"body":"So if you've had a vaccine,"},{"startTime":1739.25,"endTime":1741.8899999999999,"body":"and if there's a gym around"},{"startTime":1739.25,"endTime":1741.8899999999999,"body":"following best practice"},{"startTime":1741.8899999999999,"endTime":1743.72,"body":"and you're comfortable."},{"startTime":1743.72,"endTime":1746.31,"body":"The advantage of being in a gym is,"},{"startTime":1746.31,"endTime":1749.02,"body":"even the best home gym doesn't quite have"},{"startTime":1749.02,"endTime":1752.518,"body":"all the options you have"},{"startTime":1749.02,"endTime":1752.518,"body":"when you go to a gym."},{"startTime":1752.518,"endTime":1754.087,"body":"Another advantage of a gym is it may"},{"startTime":1754.087,"endTime":1757.47,"body":"have classes for you, and sometimes"},{"startTime":1757.47,"endTime":1759.67,"body":"just getting out of the"},{"startTime":1757.47,"endTime":1759.67,"body":"house is a good thing."},{"startTime":1759.67,"endTime":1762.749,"body":"I think to be in a house all the time"},{"startTime":1762.749,"endTime":1764.87,"body":"may not be a good thing."},{"startTime":1764.87,"endTime":1765.703,"body":"- Yeah."},{"startTime":1765.703,"endTime":1767.71,"body":"- So I think it's very"},{"startTime":1765.703,"endTime":1767.71,"body":"important to know oneself,"},{"startTime":1767.71,"endTime":1772.19,"body":"to know your sense of safety,"},{"startTime":1772.19,"endTime":1774.5,"body":"or a sense of what you're willing to."},{"startTime":1774.5,"endTime":1776.82,"body":"And there's always a"},{"startTime":1774.5,"endTime":1776.82,"body":"slight risk going out."},{"startTime":1776.82,"endTime":1779.06,"body":"I think the risk is falling."},{"startTime":1779.06,"endTime":1780.34,"body":"And at the end of the day,"},{"startTime":1780.34,"endTime":1783.93,"body":"the risk of doing nothing"},{"startTime":1780.34,"endTime":1783.93,"body":"is actually far greater"},{"startTime":1783.93,"endTime":1785.68,"body":"than perhaps the risk of going out,"},{"startTime":1785.68,"endTime":1788.485,"body":"so you have to kind of balance this."},{"startTime":1788.485,"endTime":1791.12,"body":"But there's no question that if COVID-19"},{"startTime":1791.12,"endTime":1793.6299999999999,"body":"is still high in your area,"},{"startTime":1793.6299999999999,"endTime":1797.09,"body":"that there's a huge amount"},{"startTime":1793.6299999999999,"endTime":1797.09,"body":"that can be done at home,"},{"startTime":1797.09,"endTime":1799.633,"body":"and the personal fitness industry"},{"startTime":1799.633,"endTime":1803.43,"body":"have become masters at"},{"startTime":1799.633,"endTime":1803.43,"body":"delivering into your home,"},{"startTime":1803.43,"endTime":1805.06,"body":"and it's terrific."},{"startTime":1805.06,"endTime":1808.174,"body":"And in fact, you know, if it was me,"},{"startTime":1808.174,"endTime":1811.95,"body":"talking for myself, I would"},{"startTime":1808.174,"endTime":1811.95,"body":"probably do a balance."},{"startTime":1811.95,"endTime":1814.521,"body":"I actually like working out at home,"},{"startTime":1814.521,"endTime":1817.08,"body":"but I can't do all that"},{"startTime":1814.521,"endTime":1817.08,"body":"I want to do at home,"},{"startTime":1817.08,"endTime":1819.78,"body":"and I miss seeing my"},{"startTime":1817.08,"endTime":1819.78,"body":"friends when I go out."},{"startTime":1819.78,"endTime":1823.831,"body":"So I would probably reach that balance."},{"startTime":1823.831,"endTime":1825.84,"body":"- Yeah, that's a good takeaway,"},{"startTime":1825.84,"endTime":1826.7939999999999,"body":"the balance is so important,"},{"startTime":1826.7939999999999,"endTime":1829.1399999999999,"body":"as well as what you noted"},{"startTime":1829.1399999999999,"endTime":1831.125,"body":"to have the patient really understand"},{"startTime":1831.125,"endTime":1833.21,"body":"what their tolerance is,"},{"startTime":1833.21,"endTime":1834.86,"body":"and what makes them feel comfortable."},{"startTime":1834.86,"endTime":1836.631,"body":"So I think, and there is resources"},{"startTime":1836.631,"endTime":1838.62,"body":"for both ends of the spectrum,"},{"startTime":1838.62,"endTime":1842.29,"body":"so I think that's a great"},{"startTime":1838.62,"endTime":1842.29,"body":"takeaway for our listeners."},{"startTime":1842.29,"endTime":1845.42,"body":"You know, as we summarize,"},{"startTime":1842.29,"endTime":1845.42,"body":"I want you to share,"},{"startTime":1845.42,"endTime":1848.03,"body":"if you can, where people"},{"startTime":1845.42,"endTime":1848.03,"body":"can go to learn more"},{"startTime":1848.03,"endTime":1850.69,"body":"a little bit about the SPARX study online,"},{"startTime":1850.69,"endTime":1852.377,"body":"and a little bit more about you"},{"startTime":1852.377,"endTime":1854.593,"body":"and your work at Northwestern University."},{"startTime":1856.134,"endTime":1859.447,"body":"- Certainly people can email me."},{"startTime":1859.447,"endTime":1862.1879999999999,"body":"You asked much earlier"},{"startTime":1859.447,"endTime":1862.1879999999999,"body":"on in the interview,"},{"startTime":1862.1879999999999,"endTime":1864.09,"body":"you know, what keeps me optimistic?"},{"startTime":1864.09,"endTime":1866.594,"body":"Well, I just get lots of nice emails"},{"startTime":1866.594,"endTime":1869.327,"body":"where people email me and say,"},{"startTime":1869.327,"endTime":1874.03,"body":"\"I followed your guidelines"},{"startTime":1869.327,"endTime":1874.03,"body":"in the 2018 SPARX study,"},{"startTime":1874.03,"endTime":1877.53,"body":"and my disease has progressed"},{"startTime":1877.53,"endTime":1879.747,"body":"very little over the last year.\""},{"startTime":1880.76,"endTime":1883.3899999999999,"body":"Those emails certainly"},{"startTime":1880.76,"endTime":1883.3899999999999,"body":"give me further optimism."},{"startTime":1883.3899999999999,"endTime":1887.4669999999999,"body":"So I am Daniel.corcos@northwestern.edu."},{"startTime":1887.4669999999999,"endTime":1891.3899999999999,"body":"I'm beginning to get a"},{"startTime":1887.4669999999999,"endTime":1891.3899999999999,"body":"little bit of a web presence,"},{"startTime":1891.3899999999999,"endTime":1895.32,"body":"so if you Google my name,"},{"startTime":1891.3899999999999,"endTime":1895.32,"body":"make sure you add the DM,"},{"startTime":1895.32,"endTime":1896.51,"body":"otherwise you may find that Corcos"},{"startTime":1896.51,"endTime":1899.02,"body":"who's a very, very famous cook,"},{"startTime":1899.02,"endTime":1900.73,"body":"which would also be good for you."},{"startTime":1900.73,"endTime":1903.21,"body":"You'll find Tuscany cuisine,"},{"startTime":1903.21,"endTime":1904.96,"body":"and maybe what you need to do is"},{"startTime":1907.07,"endTime":1910.6399999999999,"body":"get some of Gabriele"},{"startTime":1907.07,"endTime":1910.6399999999999,"body":"Corcos' great Tuscan cuisine"},{"startTime":1910.6399999999999,"endTime":1912.61,"body":"before or after you exercise."},{"startTime":1912.61,"endTime":1914.653,"body":"But if you Google on Corcos DM,"},{"startTime":1915.55,"endTime":1917.75,"body":"you'll come up with me."},{"startTime":1917.75,"endTime":1920.79,"body":"If you Google SPARX3, you will,"},{"startTime":1920.79,"endTime":1923.24,"body":"it'll come up quite high in your search,"},{"startTime":1923.24,"endTime":1926.6399999999999,"body":"or you will be taken"},{"startTime":1923.24,"endTime":1926.6399999999999,"body":"to clinicaltrials.gov."},{"startTime":1926.6399999999999,"endTime":1928.49,"body":"You should all know that"},{"startTime":1926.6399999999999,"endTime":1928.49,"body":"if you're interested"},{"startTime":1928.49,"endTime":1930.274,"body":"in taking part in research,"},{"startTime":1930.274,"endTime":1934.7069999999999,"body":"clinicaltrials.gov is where"},{"startTime":1930.274,"endTime":1934.7069999999999,"body":"every study is registered."},{"startTime":1934.7069999999999,"endTime":1937.1,"body":"And so NIH and the government"},{"startTime":1937.1,"endTime":1940.5,"body":"do a very good job of"},{"startTime":1937.1,"endTime":1940.5,"body":"tracking all the studies,"},{"startTime":1940.5,"endTime":1943.31,"body":"so that when people pay their hard earned"},{"startTime":1943.31,"endTime":1945.28,"body":"taxes to fund research,"},{"startTime":1945.28,"endTime":1948.2359999999999,"body":"that they find that the"},{"startTime":1945.28,"endTime":1948.2359999999999,"body":"research is cataloged,"},{"startTime":1948.2359999999999,"endTime":1950.436,"body":"and that the research gets written up,"},{"startTime":1950.436,"endTime":1953.192,"body":"and that the results are"},{"startTime":1950.436,"endTime":1953.192,"body":"made available to people."},{"startTime":1953.192,"endTime":1954.93,"body":"But that's the way to find me,"},{"startTime":1954.93,"endTime":1956.923,"body":"Daniel.corcos@northwestern.edu,"},{"startTime":1959.76,"endTime":1961.68,"body":"and it'd be great to hear from people."},{"startTime":1961.68,"endTime":1963.45,"body":"- Yeah, well, we'll certainly provide"},{"startTime":1963.45,"endTime":1965.09,"body":"a slide on that information,"},{"startTime":1965.09,"endTime":1967.29,"body":"and I want to note that"},{"startTime":1965.09,"endTime":1967.29,"body":"SPARX is with an S,"},{"startTime":1967.29,"endTime":1969.8,"body":"an X, rather, with our listeners."},{"startTime":1969.8,"endTime":1971.24,"body":"So, but we'll certainly provide"},{"startTime":1971.24,"endTime":1972.873,"body":"a slide with that information."},{"startTime":1973.743,"endTime":1976.73,"body":"- Okay, so when you Google it,"},{"startTime":1976.73,"endTime":1978.79,"body":"it is SPARX with an X 3."},{"startTime":1978.79,"endTime":1981.01,"body":"So the 3 is because"},{"startTime":1978.79,"endTime":1981.01,"body":"we're a clinical trial."},{"startTime":1981.01,"endTime":1984.113,"body":"So we're SPARX3, and you'll find it,"},{"startTime":1984.95,"endTime":1988.07,"body":"and we'd love to have people join in."},{"startTime":1988.07,"endTime":1988.903,"body":"- Wonderful."},{"startTime":1988.903,"endTime":1991.04,"body":"It's an exciting time."},{"startTime":1991.04,"endTime":1992.45,"body":"Dr. Corcos, thank you so much"},{"startTime":1992.45,"endTime":1994.33,"body":"for being with us in"},{"startTime":1992.45,"endTime":1994.33,"body":"our POP Profile series."},{"startTime":1994.33,"endTime":1995.81,"body":"This has just been a delight,"},{"startTime":1995.81,"endTime":1997.87,"body":"and I hope our listeners can certainly"},{"startTime":1997.87,"endTime":2001.6299999999999,"body":"garner lots of takeaways,"},{"startTime":1997.87,"endTime":2001.6299999999999,"body":"certainly as it relates"},{"startTime":2001.6299999999999,"endTime":2004.17,"body":"to this past year, and in"},{"startTime":2001.6299999999999,"endTime":2004.17,"body":"Parkinson's as a whole."},{"startTime":2004.17,"endTime":2005.003,"body":"So thank you so much."},{"startTime":2005.003,"endTime":2007.3999999999999,"body":"- Well, thank you for inviting me."},{"startTime":2007.3999999999999,"endTime":2008.3999999999999,"body":"It's been a lot of fun."},{"startTime":2008.3999999999999,"endTime":2009.847,"body":"- All right, thank you."},{"startTime":2009.847,"endTime":2013.097,"body":"(gentle upbeat music)"}]}