{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":51.14,"endTime":53.09,"body":"I think"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":51.14,"endTime":53.09,"body":"another, another thing that you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":53.09,"endTime":56.24,"body":"know, sort of part of our"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":53.09,"endTime":56.24,"body":"responsibility with with NREL"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":56.27,"endTime":60.74,"body":"is, is to really make sure we're"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":56.27,"endTime":60.74,"body":"staying on top of the best"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":60.77,"endTime":63.74,"body":"available science and best"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":60.77,"endTime":63.74,"body":"available research. And so we we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":63.74,"endTime":66.92,"body":"have what is called our inspired"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":63.74,"endTime":66.92,"body":"data portal, where we are"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":66.92,"endTime":71.42,"body":"collecting and synthesizing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":66.92,"endTime":71.42,"body":"every single piece of research,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":71.45,"endTime":75.29,"body":"whether it's from an academic or"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":71.45,"endTime":75.29,"body":"government source, on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":75.32,"endTime":79.82,"body":"agrivoltaics, and so for this,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":75.32,"endTime":79.82,"body":"we've got close to 700 papers"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":79.82,"endTime":82.22,"body":"that have been that have been"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":79.82,"endTime":82.22,"body":"published on agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":82.22,"endTime":82.76,"body":"research. And"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":83.14,"endTime":86.02000000000001,"body":"are you speeding the"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":83.14,"endTime":86.02000000000001,"body":"energy transition? Here at the"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":86.02000000000001,"endTime":89.74000000000001,"body":"Clean Power Hour, our host, Tim"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":86.02000000000001,"endTime":89.74000000000001,"body":"Montague and John Weaver bring"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":89.74000000000001,"endTime":93.42,"body":"you the best in solar, batteries"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":89.74000000000001,"endTime":93.42,"body":"and clean technologies every"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":93.42,"endTime":97.38,"body":"week. Want to go deeper into"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":93.42,"endTime":97.38,"body":"decarbonization. We do too."},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":97.68,"endTime":100.08,"body":"We're here to help you"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":97.68,"endTime":100.08,"body":"understand and command the"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":100.08,"endTime":103.74000000000001,"body":"commercial, residential and"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":100.08,"endTime":103.74000000000001,"body":"utility, solar, wind and storage"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":103.74000000000001,"endTime":107.58,"body":"industries. So let's get to it"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":103.74000000000001,"endTime":107.58,"body":"together. We can speed the"},{"speaker":"intro","startTime":107.58,"endTime":108.6,"body":"energy transition."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":111.32,"endTime":113.45,"body":"We're here at the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":111.32,"endTime":113.45,"body":"solar farm Summit, and my guest"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":113.45,"endTime":118.1,"body":"today is Jordan Macknick. He is"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":113.45,"endTime":118.1,"body":"a senior researcher at NREL, the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":118.1,"endTime":121.37,"body":"National Renewable Energy"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":118.1,"endTime":121.37,"body":"Laboratory, and he's an expert"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":121.4,"endTime":125.51,"body":"in all things agrivoltaics."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":121.4,"endTime":125.51,"body":"Welcome to the show, Jordan."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":125.6,"endTime":127.22,"body":"Thank you very"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":125.6,"endTime":127.22,"body":"happy to be here. Great"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":127.22,"endTime":129.62,"body":"to meet you. Tell"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":127.22,"endTime":129.62,"body":"our listeners a little bit about"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":129.62,"endTime":132.1,"body":"yourself and how you got"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":129.62,"endTime":132.1,"body":"interested in the subject of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":132.1,"endTime":134.14,"body":"agrivoltaics. Well,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":134.2,"endTime":136.54000000000002,"body":"my interest in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":134.2,"endTime":136.54000000000002,"body":"agrivoltaics goes all the way"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":136.54000000000002,"endTime":139.9,"body":"back to about 20 years ago, when"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":136.54000000000002,"endTime":139.9,"body":"I was working in the wind"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":139.9,"endTime":146.38,"body":"industry for an organization"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":139.9,"endTime":146.38,"body":"that was helping farmers own,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":146.44,"endTime":149.62,"body":"learn how to own and operate"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":146.44,"endTime":149.62,"body":"wind turbines on their own farm"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":150.1,"endTime":153.3,"body":"for the benefit of those farms."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":150.1,"endTime":153.3,"body":"I always thought it'd be great"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":153.3,"endTime":155.82,"body":"if we could figure out how to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":153.3,"endTime":155.82,"body":"make that happen for solar as"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":155.82,"endTime":160.92000000000002,"body":"well. Yeah, but it wasn't until"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":155.82,"endTime":160.92000000000002,"body":"about 2010 when I was at the at"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":160.92000000000002,"endTime":163.86,"body":"NREL, when I had first started"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":160.92000000000002,"endTime":163.86,"body":"at NREL, we planted our first"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":163.86,"endTime":166.92000000000002,"body":"agrivoltaic site on campus,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":163.86,"endTime":166.92000000000002,"body":"where we planted pollinator"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":166.92000000000002,"endTime":171.56,"body":"habitat and other pasture"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":166.92000000000002,"endTime":171.56,"body":"grasses underneath panels in an"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":171.56,"endTime":174.5,"body":"experiment. Or what year was"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":171.56,"endTime":174.5,"body":"that that was all the way back"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":174.5,"endTime":174.74,"body":"in 2010"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":175.7,"endTime":180.38,"body":"Okay, wow. So 14"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":175.7,"endTime":180.38,"body":"years ago, you know, when we"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":180.38,"endTime":184.22,"body":"were talking a little bit in the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":180.38,"endTime":184.22,"body":"pre show, you are, you know,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":184.22,"endTime":187.82,"body":"trying to keep your fingers in"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":184.22,"endTime":187.82,"body":"everything that's going on in"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":187.82,"endTime":191.92,"body":"agrovoltaics now in the United"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":187.82,"endTime":191.92,"body":"States. And you know, my"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":191.92,"endTime":195.7,"body":"previous guest with the American"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":191.92,"endTime":195.7,"body":"Farmland Trust indicated that"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":195.7,"endTime":199.54,"body":"about 10% of solar projects now"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":195.7,"endTime":199.54,"body":"have something to do with"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":199.54,"endTime":203.68,"body":"agrivoltaics. That's a good"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":199.54,"endTime":203.68,"body":"start. I would imagine that"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":203.68,"endTime":206.68,"body":"we're headed towards 50%"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":203.68,"endTime":206.68,"body":"sometime in the next couple of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":206.68,"endTime":210.28,"body":"decades. And I think that is a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":206.68,"endTime":210.28,"body":"very good thing. I think it's,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":210.28,"endTime":213.78,"body":"it's it's good for rural"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":210.28,"endTime":213.78,"body":"communities. It's good for"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":215.1,"endTime":219.84,"body":"farmland. It's good for solar"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":215.1,"endTime":219.84,"body":"developers, who are increasingly"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":220.26,"endTime":223.14000000000001,"body":"finding that local communities"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":220.26,"endTime":223.14000000000001,"body":"are pushing back on their"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":223.14000000000001,"endTime":229.5,"body":"projects. But what is your"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":223.14000000000001,"endTime":229.5,"body":"mission and what is it? How do"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":229.5,"endTime":232.1,"body":"you see the landscape of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":229.5,"endTime":232.1,"body":"agrivoltaics today."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":233.12,"endTime":237.5,"body":"So that's not"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":233.12,"endTime":237.5,"body":"an easy question to answer."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":238.16,"endTime":241.16,"body":"Well, we'll be, partly because"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":238.16,"endTime":241.16,"body":"the field is so dynamic right"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":241.16,"endTime":246.56,"body":"now. Yeah, so we are seeing so"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":241.16,"endTime":246.56,"body":"we're really in the in the early"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":246.56,"endTime":250.04,"body":"stages of the agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":246.56,"endTime":250.04,"body":"field. There's still so much"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":250.88,"endTime":254.8,"body":"entrepreneurship, ingenuity,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":250.88,"endTime":254.8,"body":"creativity happening with people"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":254.8,"endTime":258.4,"body":"figuring out, how can we make"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":254.8,"endTime":258.4,"body":"agrivoltaics work for this farm?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":258.4,"endTime":261.22,"body":"How can we make agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":258.4,"endTime":261.22,"body":"work for that farm? And so we're"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":261.22,"endTime":265.53999999999996,"body":"seeing a sort of an explosion of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":261.22,"endTime":265.53999999999996,"body":"brand new ideas and things being"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":265.53999999999996,"endTime":268.84000000000003,"body":"tested out in a lot of different"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":265.53999999999996,"endTime":268.84000000000003,"body":"places, which I think is,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":268.84000000000003,"endTime":273.78,"body":"frankly, a really exciting time."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":268.84000000000003,"endTime":273.78,"body":"One of our missions at NREL, as"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":273.78,"endTime":279.18,"body":"it relates to agrivoltaics, is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":273.78,"endTime":279.18,"body":"to try to provide foundational"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":279.18,"endTime":283.8,"body":"data and services that will"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":279.18,"endTime":283.8,"body":"allow people to have new ideas,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":283.8,"endTime":287.52,"body":"new technologies, to make those"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":283.8,"endTime":287.52,"body":"technologies better, but also"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":287.52,"endTime":291.44,"body":"for landowners, for solar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":287.52,"endTime":291.44,"body":"developers, state agencies,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":291.44,"endTime":294.8,"body":"permitting agencies, to better"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":291.44,"endTime":294.8,"body":"understand, okay, is this"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":294.8,"endTime":298.4,"body":"technology real? Is this? Does"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":294.8,"endTime":298.4,"body":"this have a high likelihood of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":298.4,"endTime":302.84000000000003,"body":"succeeding? Yes or no, there's a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":298.4,"endTime":302.84000000000003,"body":"strong need for just some some"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":302.84000000000003,"endTime":308.0,"body":"basic data on costs, on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":302.84000000000003,"endTime":308.0,"body":"performance, on impacts, on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":308.17999999999995,"endTime":314.02,"body":"soil, water, microclimate, you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":308.17999999999995,"endTime":314.02,"body":"know, you name it, that's sort"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":314.02,"endTime":316.53999999999996,"body":"of our mission is to provide a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":314.02,"endTime":316.53999999999996,"body":"lot of that foundational"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":316.53999999999996,"endTime":320.26,"body":"information to better enable"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":316.53999999999996,"endTime":320.26,"body":"people to make more informed"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":320.26,"endTime":320.74,"body":"decisions."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":321.21900000000005,"endTime":323.619,"body":"You know, I was"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":321.21900000000005,"endTime":323.619,"body":"talking last night with a farmer"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":323.619,"endTime":329.259,"body":"who's awesome solar consultant"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":323.619,"endTime":329.259,"body":"in Canada, in Ontario, and he"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":329.259,"endTime":335.09900000000005,"body":"was kind of questioning me about"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":329.259,"endTime":335.09900000000005,"body":"the state of the state, and you"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":335.09900000000005,"endTime":339.179,"body":"know what my answer was, it's"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":335.09900000000005,"endTime":339.179,"body":"kind of all over the map. And"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":339.419,"endTime":344.09900000000005,"body":"one of the challenges for"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":339.419,"endTime":344.09900000000005,"body":"developers and farmers, I think,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":344.33900000000006,"endTime":349.55899999999997,"body":"is that we don't have good"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":344.33900000000006,"endTime":349.55899999999997,"body":"enough tools today to quickly"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":349.55899999999997,"endTime":352.81899999999996,"body":"analyze a particular. Geography,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":349.55899999999997,"endTime":352.81899999999996,"body":"a particular soil type, a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":352.81899999999996,"endTime":357.97900000000004,"body":"particular ecosystems type, and"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":352.81899999999996,"endTime":357.97900000000004,"body":"prescribed to that farmer, to"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":357.97900000000004,"endTime":360.919,"body":"that landowner. Have you"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":357.97900000000004,"endTime":360.919,"body":"considered this type of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":360.919,"endTime":366.43899999999996,"body":"agrivoltaic solution? Right? So"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":360.919,"endTime":366.43899999999996,"body":"we kind of need a a platform"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":366.919,"endTime":371.139,"body":"that allows a developer to say,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":366.919,"endTime":371.139,"body":"Okay, I've, you know, I want to"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":371.139,"endTime":374.919,"body":"develop 100 megawatt site in"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":371.139,"endTime":374.919,"body":"central Illinois, which today is"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":374.919,"endTime":381.039,"body":"corn and beans, and tomorrow"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":374.919,"endTime":381.039,"body":"could be solar, plus x, y and z."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":381.639,"endTime":384.159,"body":"Is that something that NREL is"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":381.639,"endTime":384.159,"body":"thinking about?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":384.64,"endTime":388.12,"body":"You have just"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":384.64,"endTime":388.12,"body":"described the holy grail of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":388.12,"endTime":391.62,"body":"agrovoltaic tools, what we're"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":388.12,"endTime":391.62,"body":"sort of all working towards and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":391.62,"endTime":397.32000000000005,"body":"what we all really see as"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":391.62,"endTime":397.32000000000005,"body":"something that's badly needed. I"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":397.32000000000005,"endTime":401.82000000000005,"body":"liken it to, you know, sort of a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":397.32000000000005,"endTime":401.82000000000005,"body":"Dart on the map approach where,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":401.88,"endTime":405.9,"body":"yeah, I, I, I'm gonna give you a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":401.88,"endTime":405.9,"body":"dart. You're gonna throw it on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":405.9,"endTime":408.41999999999996,"body":"this map. It could be Illinois,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":405.9,"endTime":408.41999999999996,"body":"it could be Massachusetts, it"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":408.41999999999996,"endTime":413.05999999999995,"body":"could be Oregon, Texas, Alabama,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":408.41999999999996,"endTime":413.05999999999995,"body":"wherever it might be, wherever"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":413.05999999999995,"endTime":417.79999999999995,"body":"that Dart lands, we need to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":413.05999999999995,"endTime":417.79999999999995,"body":"figure out we would love the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":417.79999999999995,"endTime":420.79999999999995,"body":"ability to say, all right, on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":417.79999999999995,"endTime":420.79999999999995,"body":"this particular piece of land,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":421.15999999999997,"endTime":426.02,"body":"if you build this type of solar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":421.15999999999997,"endTime":426.02,"body":"project with this configuration,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":426.26,"endTime":431.05999999999995,"body":"it will be ideally suited for"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":426.26,"endTime":431.05999999999995,"body":"that crop. That is sort of the,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":431.41999999999996,"endTime":435.58000000000004,"body":"again, the holy grail that we're"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":431.41999999999996,"endTime":435.58000000000004,"body":"all shooting for now, what we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":435.76,"endTime":440.79999999999995,"body":"are learning is that that's much"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":435.76,"endTime":440.79999999999995,"body":"easier said than done. So a lot"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":440.79999999999995,"endTime":443.62,"body":"of the work that's going on the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":440.79999999999995,"endTime":443.62,"body":"field work that's going on right"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":443.62,"endTime":447.34000000000003,"body":"now is collecting a lot of that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":443.62,"endTime":447.34000000000003,"body":"data. So we better know, okay,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":447.34000000000003,"endTime":451.74,"body":"if I am in Mississippi and I do"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":447.34000000000003,"endTime":451.74,"body":"have this type of solar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":451.74,"endTime":455.58000000000004,"body":"configuration, what impact does"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":451.74,"endTime":455.58000000000004,"body":"that have on them, on the soil,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":455.58000000000004,"endTime":458.4,"body":"what does it have on the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":455.58000000000004,"endTime":458.4,"body":"microclimate? Because then that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":458.64,"endTime":462.6,"body":"better helps us understand, what"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":458.64,"endTime":462.6,"body":"could we what could we grow"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":462.6,"endTime":468.0,"body":"there? And the challenging thing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":462.6,"endTime":468.0,"body":"is that the the outcomes are not"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":468.0,"endTime":471.86,"body":"quite the same as in traditional"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":468.0,"endTime":471.86,"body":"agroforestry. They're not quite"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":471.86,"endTime":475.94000000000005,"body":"the same as in other shade"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":471.86,"endTime":475.94000000000005,"body":"farming. So we're seeing new new"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":475.94000000000005,"endTime":480.38,"body":"results in terms of impacts of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":475.94000000000005,"endTime":480.38,"body":"this shading on crop yields. So"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":480.38,"endTime":483.26,"body":"we're having to redo, you know,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":480.38,"endTime":483.26,"body":"a lot of these, or do a lot of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":483.26,"endTime":486.74,"body":"experiments in the context of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":483.26,"endTime":486.74,"body":"agrivoltaics to figure out,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":486.74,"endTime":491.44000000000005,"body":"okay, how do these conditions"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":486.74,"endTime":491.44000000000005,"body":"affect plant growth? Once we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":491.44000000000005,"endTime":495.88,"body":"have a large enough number of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":491.44000000000005,"endTime":495.88,"body":"these individual locations of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":495.88,"endTime":499.6,"body":"actual data, actual empirical"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":495.88,"endTime":499.6,"body":"data, that gives us the ability"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":499.84000000000003,"endTime":503.62,"body":"to then put that into that tool,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":499.84000000000003,"endTime":503.62,"body":"put those results into that into"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":503.62,"endTime":506.55999999999995,"body":"that model, into those tools, so"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":503.62,"endTime":506.55999999999995,"body":"then we can better do that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":506.55999999999995,"endTime":509.74,"body":"prediction. But I will say we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":506.55999999999995,"endTime":509.74,"body":"are not there yet. We need more"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":509.74,"endTime":514.62,"body":"field data to better understand"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":509.74,"endTime":514.62,"body":"the impact of solar on on crops,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":514.74,"endTime":517.8,"body":"and we need to further refine"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":514.74,"endTime":517.8,"body":"the models if we want to have"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":518.04,"endTime":521.58,"body":"that really high confidence in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":518.04,"endTime":521.58,"body":"saying, you know, throwing that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":521.58,"endTime":525.42,"body":"Dart anywhere on the map, and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":521.58,"endTime":525.42,"body":"then really saying exactly what"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":525.42,"endTime":527.94,"body":"configuration and what crops we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":525.42,"endTime":527.94,"body":"should grow there. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":528.48,"endTime":530.94,"body":"it's quite"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":528.48,"endTime":530.94,"body":"complicated, because it just"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":530.94,"endTime":534.5,"body":"take where I live, in central"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":530.94,"endTime":534.5,"body":"Roy. You know, we have some of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":534.5,"endTime":538.1,"body":"the best farm ground in the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":534.5,"endTime":538.1,"body":"world. And you know what has"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":538.1,"endTime":543.56,"body":"emerged is industrial cash"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":538.1,"endTime":543.56,"body":"cropping of corn and beans, and"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":543.56,"endTime":547.4,"body":"that's because the US government"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":543.56,"endTime":547.4,"body":"subsidizes those crops so"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":547.4,"endTime":551.68,"body":"heavily, upwards of 30% of a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":547.4,"endTime":551.68,"body":"farmer's income in this area is"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":551.68,"endTime":555.64,"body":"subsidies. And people ask, Well,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":551.68,"endTime":555.64,"body":"why aren't we growing, you know,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":555.64,"endTime":560.38,"body":"broccoli and potatoes and"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":555.64,"endTime":560.38,"body":"spinach and a greater variety of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":560.38,"endTime":564.76,"body":"foodstuffs that we humans eat"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":560.38,"endTime":564.76,"body":"instead of corn ethanol, for"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":564.76,"endTime":568.8399999999999,"body":"example, which is a huge amount"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":564.76,"endTime":568.8399999999999,"body":"of our real estate. And if the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":568.8399999999999,"endTime":572.8199999999999,"body":"answer is complicated, right?"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":568.8399999999999,"endTime":572.8199999999999,"body":"But, and so it's doubly"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":572.8199999999999,"endTime":576.54,"body":"complicated for NREL, I think,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":572.8199999999999,"endTime":576.54,"body":"to develop such a platform. And,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":576.9,"endTime":582.9,"body":"you know, there are some"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":576.9,"endTime":582.9,"body":"consulting companies like Alexis"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":582.9,"endTime":588.3,"body":"buscas with her spades project,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":582.9,"endTime":588.3,"body":"you know, getting at this,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":588.8399999999999,"endTime":593.78,"body":"let's, let's, let's make it"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":588.8399999999999,"endTime":593.78,"body":"easier for developers to develop"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":594.1999999999999,"endTime":599.72,"body":"agri solar. And you know, so"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":594.1999999999999,"endTime":599.72,"body":"anyway, I really appreciate what"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":599.72,"endTime":602.54,"body":"NREL has done historically and"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":599.72,"endTime":602.54,"body":"the other national laboratories."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":602.54,"endTime":607.6999999999999,"body":"You know that it's a it's a team"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":602.54,"endTime":607.6999999999999,"body":"effort. You know, you have the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":607.6999999999999,"endTime":611.3199999999999,"body":"solar advisory model Sam, as"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":607.6999999999999,"endTime":611.3199999999999,"body":"it's known, was, was a very good"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":611.3199999999999,"endTime":616.12,"body":"foundation and still and still"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":611.3199999999999,"endTime":616.12,"body":"use. We in the industry tend to"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":616.12,"endTime":622.06,"body":"use more commercial tools like"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":616.12,"endTime":622.06,"body":"helioscope and so. So anyway,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":623.0799999999999,"endTime":625.66,"body":"there's the tools and technology"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":623.0799999999999,"endTime":625.66,"body":"side of the business. I don't"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":625.66,"endTime":627.8199999999999,"body":"know if there's more to say"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":625.66,"endTime":627.8199999999999,"body":"about that,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":628.06,"endTime":630.5799999999999,"body":"so I think you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":628.06,"endTime":630.5799999999999,"body":"bring up a good point, because"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":630.5799999999999,"endTime":635.4,"body":"there really is an ecosystem of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":630.5799999999999,"endTime":635.4,"body":"of tools that are available of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":635.4,"endTime":639.3,"body":"varying levels of complexity and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":635.4,"endTime":639.3,"body":"for use for varying purposes."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":639.36,"endTime":643.1999999999999,"body":"And so certain models, like the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":639.36,"endTime":643.1999999999999,"body":"SAM model, the system advisor"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":643.1999999999999,"endTime":648.42,"body":"model, can be a great first cut"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":643.1999999999999,"endTime":648.42,"body":"assessment of of whether a solar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":648.42,"endTime":651.4399999999999,"body":"project, you know, could be"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":648.42,"endTime":651.4399999999999,"body":"could be suitable. Model, and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":651.4399999999999,"endTime":654.68,"body":"then obviously you might move on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":651.4399999999999,"endTime":654.68,"body":"to something more sophisticated,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":654.68,"endTime":659.18,"body":"a more proprietary model. But"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":654.68,"endTime":659.18,"body":"there, I think there's value in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":659.18,"endTime":663.14,"body":"having various levels of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":659.18,"endTime":663.14,"body":"accuracy, various levels of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":663.14,"endTime":666.56,"body":"precision, sort of at different"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":663.14,"endTime":666.56,"body":"levels of where an individual"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":666.56,"endTime":670.9599999999999,"body":"user might be. We see it sort of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":666.56,"endTime":670.9599999999999,"body":"as democratizing access to the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":670.9599999999999,"endTime":673.9,"body":"ability to make calculations and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":670.9599999999999,"endTime":673.9,"body":"do some initial assessments"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":674.02,"endTime":677.56,"body":"before someone might be ready to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":674.02,"endTime":677.56,"body":"take that that next step. And so"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":677.56,"endTime":681.64,"body":"within the within the SAM model,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":677.56,"endTime":681.64,"body":"we are implementing further"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":681.64,"endTime":686.4399999999999,"body":"capabilities to allow for more,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":681.64,"endTime":686.4399999999999,"body":"I think, a more nuanced"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":686.4399999999999,"endTime":689.98,"body":"evaluation of agrivoltaics going"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":686.4399999999999,"endTime":689.98,"body":"forward. So a lot of those"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":689.98,"endTime":692.5799999999999,"body":"elements that I mentioned sort"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":689.98,"endTime":692.5799999999999,"body":"of, that are part of this holy"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":692.5799999999999,"endTime":696.06,"body":"grail tool, at least some of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":692.5799999999999,"endTime":696.06,"body":"those fundamental aspects, you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":696.06,"endTime":700.02,"body":"know, for for example, for"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":696.06,"endTime":700.02,"body":"calculating the exact shading"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":700.02,"endTime":703.86,"body":"and light availability. That's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":700.02,"endTime":703.86,"body":"something that within our NREL"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":703.86,"endTime":706.86,"body":"analysis and NREL tool sets"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":703.86,"endTime":706.86,"body":"we've already done for the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":706.86,"endTime":710.4599999999999,"body":"entire United States, and that's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":706.86,"endTime":710.4599999999999,"body":"that is embedded into SAM"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":710.4599999999999,"endTime":714.1999999999999,"body":"already. And so we're sort of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":710.4599999999999,"endTime":714.1999999999999,"body":"slowly giving, you know, bits"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":714.1999999999999,"endTime":717.3199999999999,"body":"and pieces of this, this grand"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":714.1999999999999,"endTime":717.3199999999999,"body":"model that's going to be needed"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":717.3199999999999,"endTime":720.38,"body":"to make these, to make these"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":717.3199999999999,"endTime":720.38,"body":"real, you know, great"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":720.38,"endTime":725.18,"body":"predictions. We're sort of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":720.38,"endTime":725.18,"body":"making, you know, slow but sure"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":725.18,"endTime":729.26,"body":"steps to provide some of those,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":725.18,"endTime":729.26,"body":"that foundational data."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":729.74,"endTime":733.9599999999999,"body":"So earlier, you"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":729.74,"endTime":733.9599999999999,"body":"said that there's a need for a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":733.9599999999999,"endTime":737.62,"body":"lot of experimentation. And you"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":733.9599999999999,"endTime":737.62,"body":"know, the University of Arizona"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":737.62,"endTime":742.48,"body":"has documented that crops do"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":737.62,"endTime":742.48,"body":"become more productive when they"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":742.48,"endTime":745.48,"body":"experience some shading during"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":742.48,"endTime":745.48,"body":"the day. And that was not"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":745.48,"endTime":750.4599999999999,"body":"necessarily expected. But what"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":745.48,"endTime":750.4599999999999,"body":"is nrel's role when you look at"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":750.4599999999999,"endTime":753.72,"body":"the you know, the industry, the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":750.4599999999999,"endTime":753.72,"body":"agrivoltaics industry, and you"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":753.72,"endTime":757.98,"body":"notice, for example, how heavy"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":753.72,"endTime":757.98,"body":"it is on sheep grazing today, 90"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":757.98,"endTime":762.6,"body":"plus percent of agrivoltaics are"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":757.98,"endTime":762.6,"body":"sheep grazing related projects,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":762.6,"endTime":767.04,"body":"right? There's an opportunity"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":762.6,"endTime":767.04,"body":"there to diversify. Can we go"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":767.04,"endTime":774.4399999999999,"body":"into cattle? Can we go into"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":767.04,"endTime":774.4399999999999,"body":"other cash crops, cotton? Can we"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":774.4399999999999,"endTime":780.1999999999999,"body":"go into other foodstuffs? Where,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":774.4399999999999,"endTime":780.1999999999999,"body":"what is nrel's role in in that"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":780.1999999999999,"endTime":781.22,"body":"diversification?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":781.5799999999999,"endTime":784.64,"body":"Yeah, one, one"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":781.5799999999999,"endTime":784.64,"body":"interesting caveat, which is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":784.64,"endTime":789.0799999999999,"body":"even though sheep grazing,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":784.64,"endTime":789.0799999999999,"body":"agrivoltaic projects dominate"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":789.0799999999999,"endTime":793.48,"body":"the the acreage, the capacity of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":789.0799999999999,"endTime":793.48,"body":"agrivoltaic projects. There's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":793.48,"endTime":797.92,"body":"actually been relatively little"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":793.48,"endTime":797.92,"body":"research on on sheep grazing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":797.92,"endTime":803.1999999999999,"body":"sites, especially as it compares"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":797.92,"endTime":803.1999999999999,"body":"to crop production sites. So we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":803.1999999999999,"endTime":808.06,"body":"do think there's a lot of value"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":803.1999999999999,"endTime":808.06,"body":"in and still pursuing research"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":808.12,"endTime":811.3199999999999,"body":"to better, you know, within the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":808.12,"endTime":811.3199999999999,"body":"the sheep grazing area, yeah, to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":811.3199999999999,"endTime":815.88,"body":"better understand impacts on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":811.3199999999999,"endTime":815.88,"body":"animal welfare, impacts on soil,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":815.88,"endTime":819.66,"body":"impacts on hydrology, there's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":815.88,"endTime":819.66,"body":"still more we need to learn"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":819.66,"endTime":823.38,"body":"about things that are even even"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":819.66,"endTime":823.38,"body":"though they're so widespread and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":823.38,"endTime":825.9599999999999,"body":"we have so many projects,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":823.38,"endTime":825.9599999999999,"body":"there's still more we can learn"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":826.02,"endTime":829.86,"body":"about sheep grazing and solar to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":826.02,"endTime":829.86,"body":"better optimize those systems,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":829.86,"endTime":833.78,"body":"better optimize your stocking"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":829.86,"endTime":833.78,"body":"rates, etc. But I'm digressing."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":833.78,"endTime":837.14,"body":"I will answer your now to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":833.78,"endTime":837.14,"body":"actually answer your question"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":838.76,"endTime":842.18,"body":"regarding what sort of what"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":838.76,"endTime":842.18,"body":"nrel's role. What we see is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":842.18,"endTime":850.16,"body":"nrel's role in this space. In a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":842.18,"endTime":850.16,"body":"lot of ways, we see the value of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":850.28,"endTime":855.88,"body":"NREL as sometimes taking that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":850.28,"endTime":855.88,"body":"first step that maybe a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":855.88,"endTime":859.9,"body":"developer doesn't want to do, it"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":855.88,"endTime":859.9,"body":"might be too risky. We're unsure"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":859.9,"endTime":863.74,"body":"if, if this will actually be"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":859.9,"endTime":863.74,"body":"successful. I think one of the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":863.74,"endTime":868.72,"body":"purposes of a national lab, you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":863.74,"endTime":868.72,"body":"know, in a research lab, is to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":868.72,"endTime":872.28,"body":"take, you know, that first step,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":868.72,"endTime":872.28,"body":"when it is uncertain, and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":872.28,"endTime":875.6999999999999,"body":"explore areas that haven't yet"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":872.28,"endTime":875.6999999999999,"body":"been been addressed and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":875.6999999999999,"endTime":879.8399999999999,"body":"undertaken. And so this goes all"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":875.6999999999999,"endTime":879.8399999999999,"body":"the way back to the origins of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":879.8399999999999,"endTime":883.8,"body":"our of nrels Inspire project"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":879.8399999999999,"endTime":883.8,"body":"where, where we started, you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":883.8,"endTime":886.02,"body":"know, really looking at"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":883.8,"endTime":886.02,"body":"agrivoltaics in earnest back in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":886.02,"endTime":891.56,"body":"2016 and back then, it was very"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":886.02,"endTime":891.56,"body":"much a a niche, very, you know,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":891.56,"endTime":895.04,"body":"there's a lot of skepticism over"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":891.56,"endTime":895.04,"body":"whether this was possible at"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":895.04,"endTime":899.66,"body":"all. So before the Arizona paper"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":895.04,"endTime":899.66,"body":"came out, you know, there was"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":899.66,"endTime":903.98,"body":"still a lot of uncertainty. We"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":899.66,"endTime":903.98,"body":"sort of saw it as our role to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":903.98,"endTime":911.3199999999999,"body":"help demonstrate that a, yes,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":903.98,"endTime":911.3199999999999,"body":"things can grow underneath solar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":911.3199999999999,"endTime":915.8199999999999,"body":"panels and b a greater"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":911.3199999999999,"endTime":915.8199999999999,"body":"understanding as to why things"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":915.88,"endTime":919.66,"body":"might grow or not grow as well"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":915.88,"endTime":919.66,"body":"underneath solar panels, and so"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":919.78,"endTime":924.22,"body":"we, really, I think, see it as"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":919.78,"endTime":924.22,"body":"our role is to help, in some"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":924.22,"endTime":928.48,"body":"cases, take that first step to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":924.22,"endTime":928.48,"body":"reduce the risk for others, and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":928.48,"endTime":931.3199999999999,"body":"then broadly share the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":928.48,"endTime":931.3199999999999,"body":"information and insights that we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":931.3199999999999,"endTime":936.48,"body":"gather from this so that other"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":931.3199999999999,"endTime":936.48,"body":"people can, you know, learn from"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":936.48,"endTime":939.6,"body":"what was successful or not"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":936.48,"endTime":939.6,"body":"successful, and in in cases"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":939.6,"endTime":942.42,"body":"where we have seen things not"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":939.6,"endTime":942.42,"body":"being successful, we don't want"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":942.42,"endTime":948.0,"body":"people to replicate things that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":942.42,"endTime":948.0,"body":"are not successful. Because with"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":948.0,"endTime":951.56,"body":"agrivoltaics, it's a it's a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":948.0,"endTime":951.56,"body":"large investment. A large sunk"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":951.56,"endTime":954.26,"body":"investment if you're not"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":951.56,"endTime":954.26,"body":"successful with what you do. So"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":954.26,"endTime":957.8,"body":"we really try to, I think,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":954.26,"endTime":957.8,"body":"minimize the risk that other"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":957.8,"endTime":960.98,"body":"researchers and other developers"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":957.8,"endTime":960.98,"body":"might take in developing an"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":960.98,"endTime":962.3,"body":"agrivoltaics project."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":962.47,"endTime":964.66,"body":"The Clean Power"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":962.47,"endTime":964.66,"body":"Hour is brought to you by CPS"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":964.66,"endTime":967.87,"body":"America, the maker of North"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":964.66,"endTime":967.87,"body":"America's number one three phase"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":967.87,"endTime":971.11,"body":"string inverter with over six"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":967.87,"endTime":971.11,"body":"gig Watts shipped in the US. The"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":971.11,"endTime":974.0799999999999,"body":"CPS America product lineup"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":971.11,"endTime":974.0799999999999,"body":"includes three phase string"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":974.0799999999999,"endTime":979.42,"body":"inverters ranging from 25 to 275"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":974.0799999999999,"endTime":979.42,"body":"kW. Their flagship inverter, the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":979.42,"endTime":983.98,"body":"CPS 252 75 is designed to work"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":979.42,"endTime":983.98,"body":"with solar plants ranging from"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":983.98,"endTime":989.8,"body":"two megawatts to two gigawatts."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":983.98,"endTime":989.8,"body":"The 252 75 pairs well with CPS"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":989.8,"endTime":993.22,"body":"America's exceptional data,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":989.8,"endTime":993.22,"body":"communication controls and"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":993.22,"endTime":997.63,"body":"energy storage solutions. Go to"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":993.22,"endTime":997.63,"body":"chintpowersystems.com to find"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":997.63,"endTime":1002.88,"body":"out more. I mean, I hearken, as"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":997.63,"endTime":1002.88,"body":"for your comments on sheep"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1002.88,"endTime":1007.26,"body":"grazing, I hearken to my"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1002.88,"endTime":1007.26,"body":"interview with Jr Howard, whose"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1007.26,"endTime":1012.12,"body":"company, Texas solar sheep. I"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1007.26,"endTime":1012.12,"body":"had no idea that there was such"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1012.12,"endTime":1018.6899999999999,"body":"a company, but he's a well known"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1012.12,"endTime":1018.6899999999999,"body":"player now in Texas, and, you"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1070.3799999999999,"endTime":1074.61,"body":"know, he commented, though, that"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1070.3799999999999,"endTime":1074.61,"body":"there's not enough sheep and not"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1074.61,"endTime":1079.3200000000002,"body":"enough grazers in the solar"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1074.61,"endTime":1079.3200000000002,"body":"industry today. Yeah, there's an"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1079.3200000000002,"endTime":1083.97,"body":"opportunity still, and there's"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1079.3200000000002,"endTime":1083.97,"body":"gigawatts and gigawatts of new"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1083.97,"endTime":1088.71,"body":"solar coming online each year"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1083.97,"endTime":1088.71,"body":"now in the US and vegetation"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1088.71,"endTime":1091.8600000000001,"body":"management. You know,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1088.71,"endTime":1091.8600000000001,"body":"traditional vegetation"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1091.8600000000001,"endTime":1095.7900000000002,"body":"management is expensive. It is"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1091.8600000000001,"endTime":1095.7900000000002,"body":"the, it is the number one most"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1095.7900000000002,"endTime":1101.91,"body":"expensive aspect of solar, O M"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1095.7900000000002,"endTime":1101.91,"body":"and and so I see, I get, I, you"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1101.91,"endTime":1106.8300000000002,"body":"know, I resonate with"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1101.91,"endTime":1106.8300000000002,"body":"developers, kind of going there"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1107.01,"endTime":1111.42,"body":"quickly to the grazing aspects."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1107.01,"endTime":1111.42,"body":"What about cattle grazing,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1111.42,"endTime":1114.21,"body":"though? Can we do it? Is it"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1111.42,"endTime":1114.21,"body":"happening? Is somebody"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1114.21,"endTime":1115.41,"body":"experimenting with that?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1116.49,"endTime":1119.3700000000001,"body":"Yes, we can do"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1116.49,"endTime":1119.3700000000001,"body":"it. Yes, it is happening. And"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1119.3700000000001,"endTime":1122.3100000000002,"body":"yes, we can also do more"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1119.3700000000001,"endTime":1122.3100000000002,"body":"experimentation and figure that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1122.3100000000002,"endTime":1125.3400000000001,"body":"out. I think one of the the big"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1122.3100000000002,"endTime":1125.3400000000001,"body":"challenges we are going to face"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1125.3400000000001,"endTime":1128.46,"body":"with with cattle grazing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1125.3400000000001,"endTime":1128.46,"body":"Overall, though, is, is the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1128.46,"endTime":1132.6000000000001,"body":"height concern, and as as you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1128.46,"endTime":1132.6000000000001,"body":"think about it, with traditional"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1132.63,"endTime":1137.76,"body":"utility scale solar designs,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1132.63,"endTime":1137.76,"body":"that additional height leads to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1137.82,"endTime":1140.58,"body":"more costs, you know, higher"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1137.82,"endTime":1140.58,"body":"costs. So you have you have a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1140.64,"endTime":1144.51,"body":"you have more steel, it's going"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1140.64,"endTime":1144.51,"body":"to drastically increase your,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1144.54,"endTime":1148.83,"body":"your installed capital costs,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1144.54,"endTime":1148.83,"body":"but we can still do it. It's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1148.83,"endTime":1151.95,"body":"still possible. Cattle, you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1148.83,"endTime":1151.95,"body":"know, like in so there's been"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1152.94,"endTime":1157.23,"body":"research and demonstrations in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1152.94,"endTime":1157.23,"body":"in Minnesota, there's been,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1157.26,"endTime":1160.74,"body":"there's an ongoing project in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1157.26,"endTime":1160.74,"body":"Georgia. There's been"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1160.74,"endTime":1163.92,"body":"demonstrations in in Colorado,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1160.74,"endTime":1163.92,"body":"another project being built in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1163.92,"endTime":1167.52,"body":"Oregon, so also in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1163.92,"endTime":1167.52,"body":"Massachusetts. So there's, you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1167.52,"endTime":1170.16,"body":"know, there's a handful of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1167.52,"endTime":1170.16,"body":"different places where people"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1170.16,"endTime":1174.69,"body":"are already experimenting with"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1170.16,"endTime":1174.69,"body":"it, already trying to best"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1174.69,"endTime":1177.54,"body":"understand, how could this work."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1174.69,"endTime":1177.54,"body":"I think the the key for the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1177.54,"endTime":1182.94,"body":"industry is figuring out what is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1177.54,"endTime":1182.94,"body":"that right balance between what"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1182.94,"endTime":1186.78,"body":"are acceptable cost increases"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1182.94,"endTime":1186.78,"body":"that could allow for for cattle"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1186.78,"endTime":1191.19,"body":"grazing, compared with the, you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1186.78,"endTime":1191.19,"body":"know, just the other other"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1191.19,"endTime":1195.42,"body":"benefits that you might get in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1191.19,"endTime":1195.42,"body":"terms of health and animal"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1195.42,"endTime":1199.14,"body":"welfare, benefits for for the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1195.42,"endTime":1199.14,"body":"cattle, other benefits to the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1199.14,"endTime":1203.4,"body":"soil, etc. So it's, it's really"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1199.14,"endTime":1203.4,"body":"going to be a question coming"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1203.4,"endTime":1208.2,"body":"down to not only economics, but"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1203.4,"endTime":1208.2,"body":"then how, how you're weighing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1208.71,"endTime":1213.84,"body":"traditional solar economics with"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1208.71,"endTime":1213.84,"body":"agricultural economics, and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1213.84,"endTime":1216.75,"body":"finding, finding that right"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1213.84,"endTime":1216.75,"body":"balance? Because I think, as"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1216.75,"endTime":1219.99,"body":"we've heard, you know, many,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1216.75,"endTime":1219.99,"body":"many times before, the United"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1219.99,"endTime":1224.28,"body":"States, you know, definitely"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1219.99,"endTime":1224.28,"body":"consumes much more more beef"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1224.31,"endTime":1225.93,"body":"than we do, than we do lamb."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1226.32,"endTime":1231.48,"body":"Yeah, it, I mean,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1226.32,"endTime":1231.48,"body":"40% of the real estate of the of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1231.48,"endTime":1235.44,"body":"the open lands in the United"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1231.48,"endTime":1235.44,"body":"States are used in some way,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1235.44,"endTime":1239.28,"body":"shape or form, for feeding"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1235.44,"endTime":1239.28,"body":"livestock, I mean, and so it's a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1239.28,"endTime":1242.4,"body":"huge amount of real estate, and"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1239.28,"endTime":1242.4,"body":"we only need some fraction of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1242.4,"endTime":1246.93,"body":"that to, you know, to solarize"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1242.4,"endTime":1246.93,"body":"some fraction of that. But it"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1246.93,"endTime":1250.02,"body":"does seem like, just like they"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1246.93,"endTime":1250.02,"body":"discovered at the University of"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1250.02,"endTime":1253.5,"body":"Arizona that some crops like a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1250.02,"endTime":1253.5,"body":"little bit of shade, the animals"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1253.5,"endTime":1256.98,"body":"seem to gravitate to the shade"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1253.5,"endTime":1256.98,"body":"as well, right? And a less"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1256.98,"endTime":1259.71,"body":"stressed out animal is going to"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1256.98,"endTime":1259.71,"body":"be a more productive animal. And"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1259.71,"endTime":1261.18,"body":"so Absolutely,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1261.18,"endTime":1263.22,"body":"and that's what"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1261.18,"endTime":1263.22,"body":"the results of the research in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1263.22,"endTime":1266.13,"body":"Minnesota have shown, you know,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1263.22,"endTime":1266.13,"body":"sort of lower heart rates, lower"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1266.13,"endTime":1269.73,"body":"stress on the animals when"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1266.13,"endTime":1269.73,"body":"they're in that in the shade"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1269.79,"endTime":1275.04,"body":"under the solar panels. The work"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1269.79,"endTime":1275.04,"body":"that's going on in Georgia is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1275.04,"endTime":1277.95,"body":"showing showing similar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1275.04,"endTime":1277.95,"body":"preferences and benefits to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1277.95,"endTime":1283.95,"body":"cattle underneath the the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1277.95,"endTime":1283.95,"body":"panels. I think there, there's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1283.95,"endTime":1288.03,"body":"more, you know, research needed"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1283.95,"endTime":1288.03,"body":"to actually quantify, you know,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1288.06,"endTime":1290.67,"body":"a little more clearly what those"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1288.06,"endTime":1290.67,"body":"potential benefits are, but I"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1290.67,"endTime":1295.65,"body":"think, I think we're seeing from"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1290.67,"endTime":1295.65,"body":"those initial results that the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1295.65,"endTime":1296.49,"body":"cattle do prefer it."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1297.63,"endTime":1301.23,"body":"So what else"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1297.63,"endTime":1301.23,"body":"related to your work and nrel's"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1301.26,"endTime":1303.84,"body":"work, would you like Alicia?"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1301.26,"endTime":1303.84,"body":"Members to know about, and what"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1303.84,"endTime":1307.59,"body":"is it that you're here to take"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1303.84,"endTime":1307.59,"body":"home? Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1308.13,"endTime":1311.3700000000001,"body":"so through,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1308.13,"endTime":1311.3700000000001,"body":"through NREL work, and through"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1311.3700000000001,"endTime":1314.6100000000001,"body":"our inspire project, which was"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1311.3700000000001,"endTime":1314.6100000000001,"body":"the Department of Energy's first"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1314.6100000000001,"endTime":1317.19,"body":"investment, all in an"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1314.6100000000001,"endTime":1317.19,"body":"agrivoltaics going all the way"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1317.19,"endTime":1323.01,"body":"back to 2016 is really a it's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1317.19,"endTime":1323.01,"body":"meant to be a service that we,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1323.13,"endTime":1326.49,"body":"you know, providing fundamental"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1323.13,"endTime":1326.49,"body":"data to the broader public,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1326.52,"endTime":1328.98,"body":"fundamental data to solar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1326.52,"endTime":1328.98,"body":"developers, to farmers,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1328.98,"endTime":1333.51,"body":"ranchers, policy makers and so"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1328.98,"endTime":1333.51,"body":"on our on our website, we have a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1333.51,"endTime":1336.9,"body":"lot of, I think, really"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1333.51,"endTime":1336.9,"body":"interesting resources. So one of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1336.9,"endTime":1340.65,"body":"those is our agrivoltaics map."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1336.9,"endTime":1340.65,"body":"So this is where we are tracking"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1340.68,"endTime":1343.2,"body":"every single agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1340.68,"endTime":1343.2,"body":"project that's been built in the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1343.2,"endTime":1347.34,"body":"United States, and we have"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1343.2,"endTime":1347.34,"body":"details on how big it is. Does"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1347.34,"endTime":1351.15,"body":"it have? Is it elevated? Does it"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1347.34,"endTime":1351.15,"body":"have? How wide are the rows?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1351.15,"endTime":1355.38,"body":"What sorts of technologies are"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1351.15,"endTime":1355.38,"body":"we using and with within that?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1355.38,"endTime":1360.24,"body":"So we currently have tracked"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1355.38,"endTime":1360.24,"body":"over 500 agrovoltaic projects in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1360.24,"endTime":1366.48,"body":"the United States right now,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1360.24,"endTime":1366.48,"body":"totaling over 10 gigawatts of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1366.48,"endTime":1372.09,"body":"solar capacity. We've got"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1366.48,"endTime":1372.09,"body":"projects in Alaska, in Hawaii,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1372.15,"endTime":1376.26,"body":"and Puerto Rico, all across the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1372.15,"endTime":1376.26,"body":"continental United States. So"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1376.26,"endTime":1381.21,"body":"we're really seeing, you know,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1376.26,"endTime":1381.21,"body":"agavoltaics sort of have its own"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1381.21,"endTime":1384.33,"body":"flavor in each of these areas."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1381.21,"endTime":1384.33,"body":"So for the project in Alaska,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1384.45,"endTime":1387.18,"body":"they need to have the panels"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1384.45,"endTime":1387.18,"body":"much, you know, what, more"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1387.18,"endTime":1391.05,"body":"widely spread apart because of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1387.18,"endTime":1391.05,"body":"the low angle of the sun. And so"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1391.05,"endTime":1393.84,"body":"there's a lot more different"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1391.05,"endTime":1393.84,"body":"things you can do if you have"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1394.08,"endTime":1397.53,"body":"4050, foot spacing in between"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1394.08,"endTime":1397.53,"body":"panels, compared if you only"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1397.53,"endTime":1401.7,"body":"have, you know, 15 feet in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1397.53,"endTime":1401.7,"body":"between the panels. And so we're"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1401.7,"endTime":1405.84,"body":"seeing sort of a local flavor to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1401.7,"endTime":1405.84,"body":"how agrivoltaic projects are"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1405.84,"endTime":1409.02,"body":"being built, where they're being"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1405.84,"endTime":1409.02,"body":"built, what people are growing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1409.26,"endTime":1412.83,"body":"on. So that this agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1409.26,"endTime":1412.83,"body":"map, I think, is a really useful"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1412.83,"endTime":1416.3700000000001,"body":"resource for for people to learn"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1412.83,"endTime":1416.3700000000001,"body":"about what agrivoltaic projects"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1416.4,"endTime":1421.6200000000001,"body":"already exist close to me. So"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1416.4,"endTime":1421.6200000000001,"body":"that's that's one thing I think"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1421.6200000000001,"endTime":1424.6200000000001,"body":"is a really great resource that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1421.6200000000001,"endTime":1424.6200000000001,"body":"I like make sure people know"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1424.6200000000001,"endTime":1426.3,"body":"about a second reason is"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1426.3,"endTime":1428.8500000000001,"body":"that easy to find?"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1426.3,"endTime":1428.8500000000001,"body":"If I just Google agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1428.88,"endTime":1430.44,"body":"map and NREL, will I find the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1430.44,"endTime":1433.59,"body":"Yeah, it should"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1430.44,"endTime":1433.59,"body":"be the very first link that pops"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1433.59,"endTime":1434.13,"body":"up, yeah."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1434.58,"endTime":1436.98,"body":"And it's a dynamic"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1434.58,"endTime":1436.98,"body":"map, so you can click on a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1436.98,"endTime":1439.14,"body":"project and get more"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1436.98,"endTime":1439.14,"body":"information, yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1439.14,"endTime":1441.93,"body":"So you for"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1439.14,"endTime":1441.93,"body":"every project you click on it,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1441.96,"endTime":1444.81,"body":"it can bring up some pictures"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1441.96,"endTime":1444.81,"body":"about that project, all the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1444.81,"endTime":1449.04,"body":"details about how big the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1444.81,"endTime":1449.04,"body":"project is, what types of solar"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1449.04,"endTime":1453.03,"body":"panels they're using, if they"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1449.04,"endTime":1453.03,"body":"have any novel configurations,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1453.03,"endTime":1455.76,"body":"like panel height, panel"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1453.03,"endTime":1455.76,"body":"spacing, things like that."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1456.1200000000001,"endTime":1459.57,"body":"Further links other news stories"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1456.1200000000001,"endTime":1459.57,"body":"about that project. So it's,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1459.6000000000001,"endTime":1462.27,"body":"yeah, it's very dynamic. You can"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1459.6000000000001,"endTime":1462.27,"body":"also filter. So if you only want"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1462.27,"endTime":1466.53,"body":"to see crop production sites."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1462.27,"endTime":1466.53,"body":"There's about close to three"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1466.53,"endTime":1470.31,"body":"dozen crop production sites in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1466.53,"endTime":1470.31,"body":"the US right now. You can filter"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1470.31,"endTime":1472.74,"body":"for that, and then just see a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1470.31,"endTime":1472.74,"body":"map showing all the different"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1472.74,"endTime":1475.89,"body":"crop production sites. You can"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1472.74,"endTime":1475.89,"body":"also do it by size. If you only"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1475.89,"endTime":1479.19,"body":"want to see projects over 100"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1475.89,"endTime":1479.19,"body":"megawatts, or less than one"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1479.19,"endTime":1481.95,"body":"megawatt, you can filter it that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1479.19,"endTime":1481.95,"body":"way as well. Okay,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1483.3,"endTime":1485.01,"body":"what else should"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1483.3,"endTime":1485.01,"body":"our listeners know about your"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1485.01,"endTime":1485.49,"body":"work?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1485.47,"endTime":1487.97,"body":"I think"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1485.47,"endTime":1487.97,"body":"another, another thing that you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1488.034,"endTime":1491.56,"body":"know, sort of part of our"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1488.034,"endTime":1491.56,"body":"responsibility with with NREL"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1491.624,"endTime":1495.407,"body":"is, is to really make sure we're"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1491.624,"endTime":1495.407,"body":"staying on top of the best"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1495.471,"endTime":1499.2540000000001,"body":"available science and best"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1495.471,"endTime":1499.2540000000001,"body":"available research. And so we we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1499.318,"endTime":1503.036,"body":"have what is called our inspired"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1499.318,"endTime":1503.036,"body":"data portal, where we are"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1503.1000000000001,"endTime":1506.883,"body":"collecting and synthesizing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1503.1000000000001,"endTime":1506.883,"body":"every single piece of research,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1506.9470000000001,"endTime":1510.345,"body":"whether it's from an academic or"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1506.9470000000001,"endTime":1510.345,"body":"government source on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1510.409,"endTime":1514.256,"body":"agrivoltaics. And so for this,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1510.409,"endTime":1514.256,"body":"we've got close to 700 papers"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1514.32,"endTime":1517.846,"body":"that have been that have been"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1514.32,"endTime":1517.846,"body":"published on agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1517.91,"endTime":1521.6290000000001,"body":"research. And so for there, we"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1517.91,"endTime":1521.6290000000001,"body":"were able to synthesize and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1521.693,"endTime":1525.796,"body":"categorize each of these studies"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1521.693,"endTime":1525.796,"body":"based on 75 different elements,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1525.8600000000001,"endTime":1529.643,"body":"based on what sort of research"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1525.8600000000001,"endTime":1529.643,"body":"do they look at. And so this"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1529.707,"endTime":1533.553,"body":"database is also filterable,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1529.707,"endTime":1533.553,"body":"sortable, easy to access. So if"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1533.617,"endTime":1537.4,"body":"you really want to know, I'm"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1533.617,"endTime":1537.4,"body":"interested in you know, what's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1537.464,"endTime":1541.247,"body":"the best available science on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1537.464,"endTime":1541.247,"body":"crop production, on tomatoes,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1541.311,"endTime":1545.414,"body":"for example, you can go to this"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1541.311,"endTime":1545.414,"body":"resource and find the, you know,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1545.478,"endTime":1549.068,"body":"65 papers that have been"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1545.478,"endTime":1549.068,"body":"published on on tomato research"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1549.133,"endTime":1553.0430000000001,"body":"and agrivoltaics, for example."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1549.133,"endTime":1553.0430000000001,"body":"Or if you're interested in the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1553.107,"endTime":1557.082,"body":"impacts of, you know, economics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1553.107,"endTime":1557.082,"body":"of sheep grazing, then you can"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1557.147,"endTime":1560.865,"body":"filter by that and narrow it"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1557.147,"endTime":1560.865,"body":"down to the studies that have"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1560.929,"endTime":1563.43,"body":"been done on on that topic. And"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1560.929,"endTime":1563.43,"body":"what is"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1563.67,"endTime":1566.13,"body":"the relationship"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1563.67,"endTime":1566.13,"body":"between that and like the"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1566.16,"endTime":1567.63,"body":"agrisolar Clearinghouse."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1568.32,"endTime":1571.56,"body":"So the agri"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1568.32,"endTime":1571.56,"body":"solar Clearinghouse is a great"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1571.59,"endTime":1575.55,"body":"partner of ours, so we provide a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1571.59,"endTime":1575.55,"body":"lot of complimentary services."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1575.7,"endTime":1580.47,"body":"The agrisolar Clearinghouse is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1575.7,"endTime":1580.47,"body":"really targeted towards farmers,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1580.5,"endTime":1584.49,"body":"landowners who want to build a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1580.5,"endTime":1584.49,"body":"project on their farm, and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1584.49,"endTime":1588.3600000000001,"body":"they're saying, you know, I need"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1584.49,"endTime":1588.3600000000001,"body":"practical information about the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1588.3600000000001,"endTime":1591.6000000000001,"body":"steps that are needed if I want"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1588.3600000000001,"endTime":1591.6000000000001,"body":"to build a project on my farm."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1592.77,"endTime":1597.48,"body":"They we interact with them,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1592.77,"endTime":1597.48,"body":"because the work that we do is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1597.48,"endTime":1601.77,"body":"much more focused on broadly"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1597.48,"endTime":1601.77,"body":"understanding, you know, the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1601.77,"endTime":1605.4,"body":"research. Using that to inform"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1601.77,"endTime":1605.4,"body":"what those next steps should be."},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1605.43,"endTime":1610.68,"body":"And so the work that we do is, I"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1605.43,"endTime":1610.68,"body":"think, much more broad in scope"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1610.68,"endTime":1614.73,"body":"and can be used for different"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1610.68,"endTime":1614.73,"body":"purposes. So including, if,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1614.79,"endTime":1617.76,"body":"like, if you are a farmer"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1614.79,"endTime":1617.76,"body":"wanting to build an agrivoltaic"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1617.76,"endTime":1622.32,"body":"projects, you know, and and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1617.76,"endTime":1622.32,"body":"grow, grow tomatoes, you can go"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1622.32,"endTime":1625.05,"body":"to the agrocelect Clearinghouse,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1622.32,"endTime":1625.05,"body":"sort of learn about those steps"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1625.05,"endTime":1627.6000000000001,"body":"and the processes along the way"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1625.05,"endTime":1627.6000000000001,"body":"to do that when it actually"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1627.6000000000001,"endTime":1631.44,"body":"comes time to figuring out,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1627.6000000000001,"endTime":1631.44,"body":"okay, how should I be growing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1631.44,"endTime":1634.05,"body":"these tomatoes? What's what's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1631.44,"endTime":1634.05,"body":"going to do for my water yield?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1634.05,"endTime":1636.75,"body":"How should I design this? That's"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1634.05,"endTime":1636.75,"body":"where a lot of the data portal"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1636.75,"endTime":1641.8500000000001,"body":"information might come in, in in"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1636.75,"endTime":1641.8500000000001,"body":"handy that we have, which"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1641.8500000000001,"endTime":1645.9,"body":"provides a lot more, I think,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1641.8500000000001,"endTime":1645.9,"body":"sort of specific detail on on"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1645.9,"endTime":1651.09,"body":"outcomes and and the sort of the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1645.9,"endTime":1651.09,"body":"the nitty gritty details"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1651.33,"endTime":1653.46,"body":"associated with when"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1651.33,"endTime":1653.46,"body":"agrivoltaics project,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1653.73,"endTime":1656.49,"body":"very well. Check"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1653.73,"endTime":1656.49,"body":"out all of our content at"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1656.49,"endTime":1660.42,"body":"cleanpower.com Please give us a"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1656.49,"endTime":1660.42,"body":"rating and a review on Apple and"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1660.42,"endTime":1664.32,"body":"Spotify. Reach out to me on"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1660.42,"endTime":1664.32,"body":"LinkedIn and and Jordan magnick"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1664.3500000000001,"endTime":1666.93,"body":"with NREL. Thank you so much for"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1664.3500000000001,"endTime":1666.93,"body":"coming on the show. How can our"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1666.93,"endTime":1668.01,"body":"listeners find you?"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1668.7,"endTime":1672.69,"body":"Ah, you can,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1668.7,"endTime":1672.69,"body":"you can search NREL Agrivoltaics"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1672.72,"endTime":1675.6000000000001,"body":"inspire, and I'll take you right"},{"speaker":"Jordan Macknick","startTime":1672.72,"endTime":1675.6000000000001,"body":"to us. Awesome."},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1675.8700000000001,"endTime":1678.27,"body":"I'm Tim Montague,"},{"speaker":"Tim Montague","startTime":1675.8700000000001,"endTime":1678.27,"body":"let's grow agrivoltaics."}]}