{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":3.93,"endTime":9.39,"body":"Welcome to the Hydrofiles, the HR"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":3.93,"endTime":9.39,"body":"Wallingford Podcast. I'm Sally Jackson, and today"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":9.39,"endTime":15.03,"body":"we're going to be discussing Earth observation and"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":9.39,"endTime":15.03,"body":"how it's revolutionising the work we do here HR"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":15.03,"endTime":21.24,"body":"Wallingford. We're also really lucky to be joined"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":15.03,"endTime":21.24,"body":"by Ray Fielding from the UK Space Agency, who's"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":21.24,"endTime":27.6,"body":"going to be sitting alongside Gina Tsarouchi,"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":21.24,"endTime":27.6,"body":"Darren Lumbroso and Quillon Harpham, my colleagues"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":27.6,"endTime":30.72,"body":"here HR Wallingford. I'll let them introduce"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":27.6,"endTime":30.72,"body":"themselves."},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":31.29,"endTime":36.81,"body":"I'm Quillon Harpham, a technical"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":31.29,"endTime":36.81,"body":"director in the floods and water group at HR"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":36.81,"endTime":43.35,"body":"Wallingford. I come at this from an informatics"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":36.81,"endTime":43.35,"body":"angle. I've spent the last 25 years or so"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":43.35,"endTime":47.31,"body":"designing and implementing water sector"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":43.35,"endTime":47.31,"body":"information systems."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":48.02,"endTime":48.47,"body":"Darren?"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":48.98,"endTime":52.04,"body":"I'm Darren Lumbroso, I'm a"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":48.98,"endTime":52.04,"body":"technical director in the floods and water group"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":52.04,"endTime":59.39,"body":"and I'm a civil engineer by background. And I work"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":52.04,"endTime":59.39,"body":"in areas of flood risk management, water resources"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":59.39,"endTime":61.58,"body":"management and disaster risk reduction."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":62.06,"endTime":62.63,"body":"Gina?"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":63.62,"endTime":67.55,"body":"I'm Gina Tsarouchi. I'm a"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":63.62,"endTime":67.55,"body":"Principal Engineer at HR Wallingford. My"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":67.55,"endTime":72.47,"body":"background is also in civil engineering. But over"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":67.55,"endTime":72.47,"body":"the last 10 years, I've been working in water"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":72.47,"endTime":76.85,"body":"resources management and early warning systems and"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":72.47,"endTime":76.85,"body":"climate change adaptation projects around the"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":76.85,"endTime":77.21,"body":"world."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":77.99,"endTime":78.44,"body":"Ray?"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":78.44,"endTime":82.22,"body":"I'm Ray Fielding, Head of the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":78.44,"endTime":82.22,"body":"International Partnership Programme at the UK"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":82.22,"endTime":83.0,"body":"space agency."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":83.72,"endTime":89.0,"body":"So let's start with the basics."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":83.72,"endTime":89.0,"body":"What exactly is Earth observation? Ray, could you"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":89.3,"endTime":93.62,"body":"give us a quick recap on what Earth observation is"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":89.3,"endTime":93.62,"body":"and how we might use it?"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":94.5,"endTime":99.33,"body":"How I tend to explain this to people"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":94.5,"endTime":99.33,"body":"is it's using space to look down on the earth. So"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":99.33,"endTime":106.26,"body":"there's a lot of satellites and infrastructure in"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":99.33,"endTime":106.26,"body":"space with different parts of different technology"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":106.26,"endTime":112.47,"body":"on there. And they can give us a picture of the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":106.26,"endTime":112.47,"body":"earth that you can't get in any other way. For"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":112.47,"endTime":119.61,"body":"instance, we can do things like wide area"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":112.47,"endTime":119.61,"body":"surveillance very, very easily. We can look at"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":119.64,"endTime":124.89,"body":"what's happening in terms of temperature. What's"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":119.64,"endTime":124.89,"body":"happening, of course, with optical - people are"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":124.89,"endTime":130.86,"body":"very familiar with - but also radar technology. So"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":124.89,"endTime":130.86,"body":"that gives us a very, very powerful toolset and"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":130.89,"endTime":138.03,"body":"suite of options that do things from space, which"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":130.89,"endTime":138.03,"body":"we just can't do on earth and gives us information"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":138.03,"endTime":140.7,"body":"about the earth which we can't obtain in any other"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":138.03,"endTime":140.7,"body":"way."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":141.93,"endTime":145.05,"body":"Is it quite new technology or"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":141.93,"endTime":145.05,"body":"you've been doing this for a long time?"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":145.54,"endTime":149.38,"body":"Well, technology itself has been"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":145.54,"endTime":149.38,"body":"around for a number of years now obviously started"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":149.38,"endTime":155.68,"body":"off by the need for surveillance in the Cold War."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":149.38,"endTime":155.68,"body":"But that now is really expanded into the civilian"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":155.68,"endTime":161.11,"body":"market. And for least 30 years, various"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":155.68,"endTime":161.11,"body":"initiatives in Earth observation have been"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":161.11,"endTime":167.83,"body":"ongoing, led by national governments, but more"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":161.11,"endTime":167.83,"body":"these days led by commercial operators. So it's"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":167.83,"endTime":174.25,"body":"very, very easy now to buy all sorts of data from"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":167.83,"endTime":174.25,"body":"optical data to radar data - and all sorts of data"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":174.25,"endTime":181.27,"body":"-  which is provided by commercial operators on a"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":174.25,"endTime":181.27,"body":"sometimes hourly basis, if you can afford it, or"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":181.3,"endTime":185.5,"body":"by national governments and institutions for the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":181.3,"endTime":185.5,"body":"world like greatergood"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":185.56,"endTime":189.34,"body":"And HR Wallingford, we're using"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":185.56,"endTime":189.34,"body":"quite a lot of Earth observation now. So perhaps"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":189.34,"endTime":194.77,"body":"Darren, you could tell us the kinds of projects"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":189.34,"endTime":194.77,"body":"that we're using EO Earth observation data at the"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":194.77,"endTime":195.31,"body":"moment?"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":195.54,"endTime":200.25,"body":"Yeah, so we've got a number of"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":195.54,"endTime":200.25,"body":"projects. So we've got one called DAMSAT, so"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":200.25,"endTime":206.76,"body":"that's using radar data and other forms of Earth"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":200.25,"endTime":206.76,"body":"observation data to monitor tailings dams, which"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":206.76,"endTime":214.14,"body":"hold mining waste, and water retaining dams. And"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":206.76,"endTime":214.14,"body":"how we use the remote sensing data there is we use"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":214.14,"endTime":220.47,"body":"the radar data to monitor if there's any abnormal"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":214.14,"endTime":220.47,"body":"defamations in the structures of the dam, so that"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":220.47,"endTime":226.83,"body":"might, or that tells an operator if there's a"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":220.47,"endTime":226.83,"body":"higher probability of the dam failing. And we also"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":226.83,"endTime":231.6,"body":"use other remote sensing to see if there's been"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":226.83,"endTime":231.6,"body":"changes in vegetation downstream of the dam. And"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":231.6,"endTime":238.89,"body":"that helps operators and regulators see if there's"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":231.6,"endTime":238.89,"body":"potential pollution incidents from the dam. And"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":238.89,"endTime":245.01,"body":"why why this particular system is useful is that"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":238.89,"endTime":245.01,"body":"tailing dams are often in very remote areas."},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":245.1,"endTime":250.35,"body":"There's often a lot of them. Regulators in many"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":245.1,"endTime":250.35,"body":"countries, especially low and middle income"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":250.35,"endTime":256.2,"body":"countries, are often underfunded. And it allows"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":250.35,"endTime":256.2,"body":"them that sort of eye in the sky to do remote"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":256.26,"endTime":259.89,"body":"monitoring of these structures over a very wide"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":256.26,"endTime":259.89,"body":"area. So that's one project."},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":259.92,"endTime":267.42,"body":"Another big project is the D-MOSS project, which"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":259.92,"endTime":267.42,"body":"is a dengue forecasting system project, which"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":267.54,"endTime":274.44,"body":"we've got operational in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, in"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":267.54,"endTime":274.44,"body":"Malaysia, and we're using remote sensing data"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":274.44,"endTime":282.03,"body":"there to basically form a historical series of"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":274.44,"endTime":282.03,"body":"environmental parameters that we're using to help"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":282.03,"endTime":286.83,"body":"us predict dengue fever. So that's just two"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":282.03,"endTime":286.83,"body":"examples. So there are many others projects as"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":286.83,"endTime":289.47,"body":"well where we were using Earth observation data."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":289.71,"endTime":293.13,"body":"So both those programmes sound"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":289.71,"endTime":293.13,"body":"amazing and sound like they're gonna have a really"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":293.13,"endTime":298.2,"body":"big affect on people's lives on the ground. I"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":293.13,"endTime":298.2,"body":"should also add that the both D-MOSS and DAMSAT"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":298.23,"endTime":304.35,"body":"are funded by the Space Agency's IPP project,"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":298.23,"endTime":304.35,"body":"which is great. That's why it's great to have Ray"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":304.35,"endTime":310.41,"body":"here as well. Perhaps, you know, you could tell us"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":304.35,"endTime":310.41,"body":"about how these are being used on the ground, and"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":310.41,"endTime":313.11,"body":"that sort of difference they are making to"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":310.41,"endTime":313.11,"body":"people's everyday lives."},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":314.28,"endTime":319.17,"body":"So I'll start talking a bit about"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":314.28,"endTime":319.17,"body":"D-MOSS first, which is the dengue fever"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":319.17,"endTime":327.03,"body":"forecasting system we have developed, currently"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":319.17,"endTime":327.03,"body":"been used in Vietnam, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. The"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":327.03,"endTime":335.1,"body":"objective of the D-MOSS project was to develop an"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":327.03,"endTime":335.1,"body":"operational system that can give advanced warning"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":335.25,"endTime":339.15,"body":"of likelihood for a dengue outbreak to happen."},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":341.13,"endTime":347.82,"body":"And that can be very useful for health officials"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":341.13,"endTime":347.82,"body":"who working dengue response, dengue control"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":347.82,"endTime":355.83,"body":"management. Because if they know that, in the next"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":347.82,"endTime":355.83,"body":"month or three months, there is a probability of"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":355.83,"endTime":364.92,"body":"an outbreak happening in this province of Vietnam,"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":355.83,"endTime":364.92,"body":"for example, they can take early action to prevent"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":364.92,"endTime":375.54,"body":"that outbreak. And what that early action means is"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":364.92,"endTime":375.54,"body":"they could, for example, start campaigns to alert"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":375.57,"endTime":383.34,"body":"people about the outbreak that is happening, they"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":375.57,"endTime":383.34,"body":"can start spraying insecticides to eliminate"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":383.34,"endTime":393.66,"body":"mosquito breeding sites. They can advise people to"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":383.34,"endTime":393.66,"body":"not store water locally. If the warning comes six"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":393.66,"endTime":400.02,"body":"months in advance, it can help them with budget"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":393.66,"endTime":400.02,"body":"planning processes, and they know where to divert"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":400.02,"endTime":407.22,"body":"their funds in the areas that are more likely to"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":400.02,"endTime":407.22,"body":"suffer an upcoming outbreak."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":407.73,"endTime":410.04,"body":"And does D-MOSS predict six months"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":407.73,"endTime":410.04,"body":"in advance?"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":410.07,"endTime":413.22,"body":"D-MOSS predicts up to six months"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":410.07,"endTime":413.22,"body":"in advance. Yes."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":413.58,"endTime":416.19,"body":"And have we seen examples of where"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":413.58,"endTime":416.19,"body":"that's really made a difference."},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":417.54,"endTime":423.48,"body":"It's early days yet, but we have"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":417.54,"endTime":423.48,"body":"seen examples in Vietnam. There, the users are"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":423.48,"endTime":433.2,"body":"already reporting that the system has helped them"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":423.48,"endTime":433.2,"body":"save resources. They have used it to divert funds"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":433.23,"endTime":440.94,"body":"in areas that are of high risk of an outbreak. So"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":433.23,"endTime":440.94,"body":"yes, we do hear a lot of positive stories about"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":440.94,"endTime":444.09,"body":"how the system is is already helping them manage"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":440.94,"endTime":444.09,"body":"thinking."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":444.87,"endTime":445.86,"body":"And how about for DAMSAT?"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":446.41,"endTime":452.53,"body":"So DAMSAT is a system for"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":446.41,"endTime":452.53,"body":"monitoring tailings dams and tailings dams store"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":452.56,"endTime":462.58,"body":"the wastes from mining operations. And this waste"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":452.56,"endTime":462.58,"body":"often contains pretty nasty contaminants. And"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":462.61,"endTime":468.28,"body":"tailings dams don't have a very good track record"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":462.61,"endTime":468.28,"body":"in terms of failure. So there's been quite a lot"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":468.28,"endTime":474.07,"body":"of research that shows the probability in any one"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":468.28,"endTime":474.07,"body":"year of a tailings dam failure is 1%. So that"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":474.07,"endTime":479.29,"body":"might not sound very high. But if you put yourself"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":474.07,"endTime":479.29,"body":"in the position of someone living downstream of"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":479.29,"endTime":484.78,"body":"one of these structures, and you think every year"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":479.29,"endTime":484.78,"body":"there's a 1% chance that your house is going to"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":484.78,"endTime":491.11,"body":"get engulfed by toxic sludge, and you are"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":484.78,"endTime":491.11,"body":"potentially going to get killed. Or even if you do"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":491.11,"endTime":497.17,"body":"survive, it's going to take away your livelihood,"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":491.11,"endTime":497.17,"body":"because the water that you rely on, and the land"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":497.17,"endTime":502.54,"body":"that you rely on is going to be contaminated."},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":497.17,"endTime":502.54,"body":"There's a really significant risk posed by these"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":502.54,"endTime":508.15,"body":"structures. So having a system where you can be"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":502.54,"endTime":508.15,"body":"monitoring, have an eye in the sky, and monitoring"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":508.15,"endTime":513.58,"body":"them remote is really useful because in Peru, the"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":508.15,"endTime":513.58,"body":"environmental regulator, like many environmental"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":513.58,"endTime":518.47,"body":"regulators, not just in low income countries, but"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":513.58,"endTime":518.47,"body":"also in more wealthy nations, is generally under"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":518.47,"endTime":524.65,"body":"resourced. And they don't have the physical"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":518.47,"endTime":524.65,"body":"resources to go out to the sites or all the sites,"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":524.65,"endTime":531.85,"body":"especially remote sites, to do inspections. So"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":524.65,"endTime":531.85,"body":"it's helping to reduce that probability of failure"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":531.88,"endTime":533.47,"body":"to something that's reasonable."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":534.01,"endTime":537.55,"body":"So we've been running a pilot"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":534.01,"endTime":537.55,"body":"project in Peru, which has now finished, haven't"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":537.55,"endTime":540.04,"body":"we? So could you tell us a little bit about that."},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":540.42,"endTime":546.36,"body":"So in Peru DAMSAT is being used"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":540.42,"endTime":546.36,"body":"by the environmental regulator to help them assess"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":546.36,"endTime":555.57,"body":"whether the deformation of these tailings dams is"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":546.36,"endTime":555.57,"body":"abnormal, and if it is abnormal, then that gives"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":555.57,"endTime":560.94,"body":"them the opportunity to go to site to do more"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":555.57,"endTime":560.94,"body":"detailed inspections. Or the other thing that it"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":560.94,"endTime":567.27,"body":"can be used for is looking at vegetation and see"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":560.94,"endTime":567.27,"body":"if there's changes in the remotely monitored"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":567.27,"endTime":572.37,"body":"vegetation. And that can give an inference that"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":567.27,"endTime":572.37,"body":"there may have been a pollution incident. So there"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":572.37,"endTime":578.46,"body":"might have been leaching from these tailings dams"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":572.37,"endTime":578.46,"body":"with nasty pollutants, which then affect drinking"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":578.46,"endTime":585.12,"body":"water supplies. So again, it's giving them that"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":578.46,"endTime":585.12,"body":"early warning that a dam may potentially be have a"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":585.12,"endTime":591.27,"body":"higher probability of failure, or if not failure,"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":585.12,"endTime":591.27,"body":"it's leaching nasty things into the environment."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":591.57,"endTime":597.42,"body":"And Ray it was an IPP project. So"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":591.57,"endTime":597.42,"body":"perhaps you can tell us a little bit about why IPP"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":597.42,"endTime":600.75,"body":"supported this project and why it helps you meet"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":597.42,"endTime":600.75,"body":"your objectives,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":601.92,"endTime":605.43,"body":"The International Partnership"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":601.92,"endTime":605.43,"body":"Programme was set up using official development"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":605.43,"endTime":610.41,"body":"assistance funding to help deliver the UK"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":605.43,"endTime":610.41,"body":"government's aid strategy. So what we're trying to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":610.41,"endTime":617.85,"body":"do is look for projects, which provides direct"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":610.41,"endTime":617.85,"body":"economic or societal benefits to our partner"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":617.85,"endTime":623.34,"body":"countries. And you just said two projects, which"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":617.85,"endTime":623.34,"body":"provide exactly that. They provide massive"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":623.34,"endTime":627.36,"body":"societal benefits they provide, also the follow on"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":623.34,"endTime":627.36,"body":"economic benefits."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":627.84,"endTime":631.62,"body":"And it's not just far flung"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":627.84,"endTime":631.62,"body":"countries that actually the technology we're"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":631.62,"endTime":636.66,"body":"developing for those countries is actually being"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":631.62,"endTime":636.66,"body":"adopted in this country too. So it provides direct"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":636.66,"endTime":639.66,"body":"benefit to people in the UK. Perhaps Darren, you"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":636.66,"endTime":639.66,"body":"could explain"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":639.93,"endTime":645.27,"body":"so dams that is being used by"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":639.93,"endTime":645.27,"body":"Bristol water to help monitor their water"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":645.27,"endTime":653.58,"body":"retaining dams. And I mean, we're also currently"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":645.27,"endTime":653.58,"body":"in discussions of looking with a EU partners"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":653.58,"endTime":658.74,"body":"research partners to see how some of the lessons"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":653.58,"endTime":658.74,"body":"from D-MOSS and whether D-MOSS can actually be"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":658.74,"endTime":664.92,"body":"implemented in certain European countries to"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":658.74,"endTime":664.92,"body":"assess the future risk of the prevalence of dengue"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":664.92,"endTime":672.21,"body":"and other mosquito borne diseases. So these"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":664.92,"endTime":672.21,"body":"projects do have applications in in Europe, not"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":672.21,"endTime":674.55,"body":"just in low and middle income countries."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":675.18,"endTime":679.71,"body":"I guess, Ray in your line of work"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":675.18,"endTime":679.71,"body":"that you're seeing lots of sectors benefiting from"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":679.74,"endTime":682.05,"body":"EO;  perhaps you could just give us a few"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":679.74,"endTime":682.05,"body":"examples."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":682.71,"endTime":686.07,"body":"Yeah, the programme is not yet"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":682.71,"endTime":686.07,"body":"complete. And we've not yet finished all our"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":686.07,"endTime":691.26,"body":"assessments, we're starting to see some some"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":686.07,"endTime":691.26,"body":"examples really jumping out to us. For instance,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":691.29,"endTime":697.98,"body":"we've got some fisherman safety projects off the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":691.29,"endTime":697.98,"body":"coast of South Africa and Madagascar, fairly far"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":697.98,"endTime":704.46,"body":"flung regions, Indonesia as well. Those"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":697.98,"endTime":704.46,"body":"technologies we we've deployed coupled with earth"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":704.46,"endTime":711.12,"body":"observation have actually save lives with I think,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":704.46,"endTime":711.12,"body":"last count, there's over 60 fishermen, fish are"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":711.12,"endTime":715.86,"body":"people who would have drowned without the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":711.12,"endTime":715.86,"body":"technology, which we've deployed in the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":715.86,"endTime":718.38,"body":"surveillance systems, which says observation"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":715.86,"endTime":718.38,"body":"provides."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":719.02,"endTime":722.95,"body":"And when we use Earth observation"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":719.02,"endTime":722.95,"body":"data, what are the advantages over the"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":722.95,"endTime":726.28,"body":"conventional on the ground measurements that we've"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":722.95,"endTime":726.28,"body":"used in the past. Ray, maybe you could pick that"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":726.0,"endTime":731.97,"body":"It gives you a capability, which"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":726.0,"endTime":731.97,"body":"we've never had before, which is wide area"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":726.28,"endTime":726.79,"body":"one up."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":731.97,"endTime":738.87,"body":"surveillance and the ability to detect difference."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":731.97,"endTime":738.87,"body":"So satellites, which passes typically in an orbit,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":738.87,"endTime":745.8,"body":"low earth orbit, every 90 minutes, can easily look"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":738.87,"endTime":745.8,"body":"at the same region, time and time again, a very,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":745.8,"endTime":751.35,"body":"very large region can be looked at at one time."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":745.8,"endTime":751.35,"body":"And you can use the images over each other to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":751.35,"endTime":756.48,"body":"detect what differences has happened between the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":751.35,"endTime":756.48,"body":"last time when you looked at that region. And"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":756.48,"endTime":762.03,"body":"that's very, very difficult to do and expensive to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":756.48,"endTime":762.03,"body":"do with terrestrial measurements. And that ability"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":762.03,"endTime":770.28,"body":"to detect change gives us massive amounts of data."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":762.03,"endTime":770.28,"body":"In this project  that Darren's has been talking"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":770.28,"endTime":776.4,"body":"about, the tailings dams project, it allows us to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":770.28,"endTime":776.4,"body":"detect minor differences in movements at the dams,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":776.4,"endTime":782.49,"body":"which can inform prediction tools to which tells"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":776.4,"endTime":782.49,"body":"us potential failure of those dams."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":783.24,"endTime":789.84,"body":"And Quillion. You work with data"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":783.24,"endTime":789.84,"body":"every day. So what have you seen in the history of"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":789.84,"endTime":792.27,"body":"your work? How has it changed what you do?"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":795.57,"endTime":800.1,"body":"My favourite thing about Earth"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":795.57,"endTime":800.1,"body":"observation data is that there seems to be more"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":800.1,"endTime":808.35,"body":"scope to get creative about interpreting what"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":800.1,"endTime":808.35,"body":"you're measuring. So with an in situ measuring"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":808.35,"endTime":812.76,"body":"device, say a thermometer, for example, you're"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":808.35,"endTime":812.76,"body":"measuring temperature, okay, so you might have"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":813.03,"endTime":817.47,"body":"mercury going up and down the tube, but you're"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":813.03,"endTime":817.47,"body":"measuring temperature, and it's very tied to"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":817.47,"endTime":823.71,"body":"temperature. With Earth observations, what you're"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":817.47,"endTime":823.71,"body":"measuring is electromagnetic radiation in"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":823.71,"endTime":830.01,"body":"different ways, coming back off the Earth, into"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":823.71,"endTime":830.01,"body":"the sensor. And so it works a little bit like a"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":830.01,"endTime":837.36,"body":"human eye. So for example, with a human eye, what"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":830.01,"endTime":837.36,"body":"your eye is observing is what you're seeing around"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":837.36,"endTime":844.8,"body":"you every day. But it is your brain that"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":837.36,"endTime":844.8,"body":"interprets what's going on. And so for example,"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":844.8,"endTime":851.64,"body":"your eye might see a vehicle coming towards you."},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":844.8,"endTime":851.64,"body":"And it is your brain that interprets that it's a"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":851.64,"endTime":856.47,"body":"vehicle coming towards you. And you need to get"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":851.64,"endTime":856.47,"body":"out of the way. And in the same way, Earth"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":856.47,"endTime":862.86,"body":"observations is like an eye on the earth. And what"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":856.47,"endTime":862.86,"body":"we need to do is apply the brain, which is"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":862.86,"endTime":869.07,"body":"interpreting all of this amazing data that's"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":862.86,"endTime":869.07,"body":"coming back in electromagnetic radiation. And"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":869.31,"endTime":872.76,"body":"we've only just begun to scratch the surface of"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":869.31,"endTime":872.76,"body":"what's possible with that."},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":874.34,"endTime":880.25,"body":"Well, I was going to really just"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":874.34,"endTime":880.25,"body":"add what the Quillon and Ray said, in the"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":880.25,"endTime":885.08,"body":"strengths of remote sensing data, we're doing some"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":880.25,"endTime":885.08,"body":"work in Yemen for the Foreign and Commonwealth and"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":885.08,"endTime":888.83,"body":"Development office. And there's a real strength"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":885.08,"endTime":888.83,"body":"there because Yemen is a country where there's"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":888.83,"endTime":894.11,"body":"been conflict for many years now. And it's a"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":888.83,"endTime":894.11,"body":"country where there's something like 24 million"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":894.11,"endTime":899.3,"body":"people living in poverty and their reliance on"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":894.11,"endTime":899.3,"body":"their water from groundwater sources and because"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":899.3,"endTime":905.51,"body":"of the conflict those resources that haven't been"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":899.3,"endTime":905.51,"body":"very well monitored. And it's not possible to get"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":905.51,"endTime":912.29,"body":"in situ measurements because of the conflict. So"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":905.51,"endTime":912.29,"body":"the questions humanitarian agencies need to, or"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":912.29,"endTime":918.68,"body":"would like answered regarding groundwater"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":912.29,"endTime":918.68,"body":"resources and remote sensing data can help to"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":919.4,"endTime":925.19,"body":"answer some of those questions without having to"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":919.4,"endTime":925.19,"body":"go and make in situ measurements."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":926.59,"endTime":929.68,"body":"I'm really interested in this"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":926.59,"endTime":929.68,"body":"concept as well Quillon of this in the eye and the"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":929.68,"endTime":934.72,"body":"brain. Can you give us a kind of example of how"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":929.68,"endTime":934.72,"body":"that might work in practice, you know, with an"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":934.72,"endTime":939.46,"body":"underground measurement that you used to use an"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":934.72,"endTime":939.46,"body":"Earth observation that you now use?"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":940.77,"endTime":945.81,"body":"Yeah, I think there's a little"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":940.77,"endTime":945.81,"body":"bit more scope to infer other things using Earth"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":945.81,"endTime":951.99,"body":"observation. So for example, you might be"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":945.81,"endTime":951.99,"body":"interested in urbanisation. And you want to know"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":952.32,"endTime":959.25,"body":"how fast cities are expanding and how, how"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":952.32,"endTime":959.25,"body":"urbanisation is increasing. With Earth"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":959.25,"endTime":965.4,"body":"observation, yeah. So what does that mean? What"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":959.25,"endTime":965.4,"body":"does urbanisation mean, and there's all sorts of"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":965.4,"endTime":970.05,"body":"definitions that you could apply to that. But what"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":965.4,"endTime":970.05,"body":"you can do with Earth observation is observe"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":970.05,"endTime":976.65,"body":"lights at night. And lights at night tells you"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":970.05,"endTime":976.65,"body":"essentially where the urbanisation is, and, and we"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":976.65,"endTime":981.33,"body":"were mentioning the long term trends earlier. And"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":976.65,"endTime":981.33,"body":"so you have the long term trends of lights at"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":981.33,"endTime":987.21,"body":"night gives you a really good indication of where"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":981.33,"endTime":987.21,"body":"the urban areas are. Another example is"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":987.21,"endTime":994.14,"body":"permafrost. So I was talking to somebody about"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":987.21,"endTime":994.14,"body":"permafrost recently. And permafrost isn't really"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":994.14,"endTime":999.75,"body":"something that you can see. Most of it is below"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":994.14,"endTime":999.75,"body":"the ground, sometimes quite a long way. But the"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":999.78,"endTime":1006.5,"body":"the research question there is, can you see other"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":999.78,"endTime":1006.5,"body":"things on the Earth's surface, which will tell you"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1006.5,"endTime":1011.93,"body":"that there is permafrost? So how the vegetation"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1006.5,"endTime":1011.93,"body":"changes, for example? So there's a huge amount of"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1011.93,"endTime":1014.84,"body":"research questions we can ask ourselves in this as"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1011.93,"endTime":1014.84,"body":"well."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1015.17,"endTime":1019.16,"body":"And Ray, there must be some"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1015.17,"endTime":1019.16,"body":"challenges of using Earth observation. It can't"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1019.19,"endTime":1023.36,"body":"all be, you know, good news is there some there's"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1019.19,"endTime":1023.36,"body":"some challenges that come along with this, this"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1023.36,"endTime":1024.26,"body":"new technology."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1024.69,"endTime":1032.64,"body":"There are. For instance, the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1024.69,"endTime":1032.64,"body":"weather, some of the projects that we do involve"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1032.64,"endTime":1038.88,"body":"forestry monitoring, to maintain primal forest in"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1032.64,"endTime":1038.88,"body":"the tropical belt, and also ensure that"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1038.97,"endTime":1045.84,"body":"deforestation isn't happening. Trying to get in a"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1038.97,"endTime":1045.84,"body":"cloud free earth observation image over some of"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1045.84,"endTime":1052.89,"body":"the tropics regions can be extremely difficult."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1045.84,"endTime":1052.89,"body":"But there are ways to address that. And so what"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1052.89,"endTime":1060.03,"body":"was traditionally quite a big challenge, which"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1052.89,"endTime":1060.03,"body":"made earth observation of use, but not some of the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1060.03,"endTime":1066.72,"body":"prime tools, it has now been addressed by taking"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1060.03,"endTime":1066.72,"body":"multiple data sources. So information from"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1066.72,"endTime":1073.11,"body":"multiple satellites from multiple providers"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1066.72,"endTime":1073.11,"body":"sometimes, which can through clever trickery, and"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1073.35,"endTime":1081.93,"body":"don't ask me how it works, but enables you to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1073.35,"endTime":1081.93,"body":"create a mosaic of cloud free imagery by taking"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1082.95,"endTime":1087.87,"body":"various images and compiling the parts which are"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1082.95,"endTime":1087.87,"body":"cloud for you to give you an entire clearer"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1087.87,"endTime":1088.32,"body":"picture."},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1090.7,"endTime":1096.01,"body":"Yes, to add to what Ray was just"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1090.7,"endTime":1096.01,"body":"saying, I think if we look around the world today,"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1096.04,"endTime":1103.12,"body":"the operational use of satellite based"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1096.04,"endTime":1103.12,"body":"technologies and systems is quite limited. And"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1103.15,"endTime":1108.25,"body":"there are a few reasons for that. It's partly"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1103.15,"endTime":1108.25,"body":"because often the costs develop these new"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1108.25,"endTime":1116.08,"body":"technologies can be expensive. It takes time to"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1108.25,"endTime":1116.08,"body":"adapt and convince potential end users of the"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1116.08,"endTime":1123.1,"body":"benefit to using these new technologies. The fact"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1116.08,"endTime":1123.1,"body":"that sometimes the Earth observation data that are"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1123.1,"endTime":1131.44,"body":"available might not be relevant to the very local"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1123.1,"endTime":1131.44,"body":"context. And there is a bit of a mismatch of what"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1131.44,"endTime":1140.41,"body":"Earth observation data can provide and the need of"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1131.44,"endTime":1140.41,"body":"the end users on the ground. I think maybe one of"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1140.41,"endTime":1148.54,"body":"the key challenges of using Earth observation data"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1140.41,"endTime":1148.54,"body":"is maybe a lack of understanding of what the new"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1148.54,"endTime":1155.86,"body":"technologies are able to offer. And this comes"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1148.54,"endTime":1155.86,"body":"from two sides. So we have a lack of understanding"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1156.85,"endTime":1167.74,"body":"among end users, government officials in terms of"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1156.85,"endTime":1167.74,"body":"what environmental information can be provided and"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1167.74,"endTime":1175.87,"body":"in what form and I think on the other hand, we"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1167.74,"endTime":1175.87,"body":"have maybe a lack of understanding among the Earth"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1175.87,"endTime":1181.78,"body":"observation scientific community of what kind of"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1175.87,"endTime":1181.78,"body":"information might be useful for the different"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1181.84,"endTime":1184.48,"body":"applications and the different sectors."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1186.01,"endTime":1189.67,"body":"That's really interesting because"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1186.01,"endTime":1189.67,"body":"both the D-MOSS project and the DAMSAT that"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1189.67,"endTime":1194.38,"body":"project that we Darren explained to us, you know,"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1189.67,"endTime":1194.38,"body":"to have the huge potential impacts in terms of"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1194.38,"endTime":1202.93,"body":"saving lives and protecting people and how"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1194.38,"endTime":1202.93,"body":"difficult Has it been to persuade people that"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1202.93,"endTime":1207.1,"body":"using earth observation will have that effect for"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1202.93,"endTime":1207.1,"body":"your end users?"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1208.95,"endTime":1215.55,"body":"It has been difficult at times. So"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1208.95,"endTime":1215.55,"body":"for both projects, the end users were, they really"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1215.55,"endTime":1221.37,"body":"bought into the idea of the technology very early"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1215.55,"endTime":1221.37,"body":"on, because the problems we were trying to solve"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1221.4,"endTime":1229.35,"body":"were very relevant for the local communities."},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1221.4,"endTime":1229.35,"body":"There were a lot of challenges for D-MOSS, for"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1229.35,"endTime":1236.58,"body":"example, which is the dengue fever forecasting"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1229.35,"endTime":1236.58,"body":"system. We had challenges in explaining to the end"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1236.58,"endTime":1244.62,"body":"users about the uncertainty of the forecasts. At"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1236.58,"endTime":1244.62,"body":"the beginning, I remember the they were expecting"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1244.62,"endTime":1251.4,"body":"the forecasts to be 99% accurate all the time. And"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1244.62,"endTime":1251.4,"body":"that would be the only way they would use a"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1251.4,"endTime":1259.29,"body":"forecast. So we had to build a lot of capacity and"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1251.4,"endTime":1259.29,"body":"understanding and explain to them that, you know,"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1259.29,"endTime":1266.46,"body":"this type of technology can be used as an"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1259.29,"endTime":1266.46,"body":"additional tool to the tools you already use. And"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1266.46,"endTime":1273.24,"body":"there is an added benefit to you using this Earth"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1266.46,"endTime":1273.24,"body":"observation technology, even if it's not 100%"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1273.24,"endTime":1274.35,"body":"accurate all the time."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1276.91,"endTime":1281.98,"body":"Yeah, that's a really good point,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1276.91,"endTime":1281.98,"body":"Gina. And I think that, from what I've seen, with"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1281.98,"endTime":1289.12,"body":"the, the interest of the Partnership Programme,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1281.98,"endTime":1289.12,"body":"it's kind of twofold. First off is convincing the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1289.63,"endTime":1295.69,"body":"users normally through use cases, cost effective"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1289.63,"endTime":1295.69,"body":"analysis and even output in business cases, to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1295.69,"endTime":1302.02,"body":"show that space isn't as expensive as what people"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1295.69,"endTime":1302.02,"body":"think. Traditionally, space has been high cost"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1302.02,"endTime":1307.12,"body":"activity. But now with more and more satellites up"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1302.02,"endTime":1307.12,"body":"there, more and more service providers, the cost"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1307.12,"endTime":1313.75,"body":"is really, really coming down. And secondly, you"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1307.12,"endTime":1313.75,"body":"mentioned about capacity building. One thing that"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1313.78,"endTime":1317.53,"body":"we found across the programme, including the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1313.78,"endTime":1317.53,"body":"programmes that HR Wallingford are doing, is being"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1317.53,"endTime":1324.88,"body":"able to enable the end users to interpret the data"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1317.53,"endTime":1324.88,"body":"in a way that works for them. So it's almost"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1324.88,"endTime":1332.02,"body":"taking the space elements out of the end product"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1324.88,"endTime":1332.02,"body":"for them. For instance, when you want to go from A"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1332.02,"endTime":1337.63,"body":"to B, you don't have to be an expert in global"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1332.02,"endTime":1337.63,"body":"navigation, you just have to understand how to use"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1337.63,"endTime":1343.36,"body":"an app. And I think that's made a vast change in"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1337.63,"endTime":1343.36,"body":"everybody's lives. Same with with weather"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1343.36,"endTime":1352.54,"body":"forecast, you don't disbelieve all weather"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1343.36,"endTime":1352.54,"body":"forecasts, just because it's not a 100% certain."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1353.17,"endTime":1360.1,"body":"You accept the probability of risks that it that"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1353.17,"endTime":1360.1,"body":"may be wrong in there, because probability most of"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1360.1,"endTime":1365.95,"body":"time it's right. So putting data in a format,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1360.1,"endTime":1365.95,"body":"which the end users can easily understand without"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1365.95,"endTime":1371.65,"body":"having to be either be experts in space, or who"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1365.95,"endTime":1371.65,"body":"really understand the detail of the technology"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1371.65,"endTime":1374.23,"body":"behind it, I think is is absolutely key."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1375.37,"endTime":1379.78,"body":"It's really interesting, and"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1375.37,"endTime":1379.78,"body":"Quillon I guess your job day to day is making that"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1379.87,"endTime":1388.15,"body":"happen. So how do we take Earth observation data,"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1379.87,"endTime":1388.15,"body":"and turn it into something that people can use?"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1389.29,"endTime":1396.67,"body":"Let's begin looking at the D-MOSS"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1389.29,"endTime":1396.67,"body":"system, then. As we've been saying, D-MOSS is a"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1396.67,"endTime":1403.27,"body":"dengue fever forecasting system. But you can't see"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1396.67,"endTime":1403.27,"body":"Dengue fever from space, you can't see cases of"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1403.27,"endTime":1409.81,"body":"Dengue fever from space. So D-MOSS is a perfect"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1403.27,"endTime":1409.81,"body":"example of something which infer something else"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1409.84,"endTime":1415.96,"body":"from what you can see. So what we do with D-MOSS"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1409.84,"endTime":1415.96,"body":"is we have a wide variety of social and"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1415.96,"endTime":1424.42,"body":"environmental parameters, such as temperature,"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1415.96,"endTime":1424.42,"body":"wind, speed, soil moisture, urbanisation. And we"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1424.42,"endTime":1430.18,"body":"track those back using the history. And that's"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1424.42,"endTime":1430.18,"body":"another advantage of Earth observation data: we"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1430.18,"endTime":1436.93,"body":"have decades of history now. And so we can spot"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1430.18,"endTime":1436.93,"body":"trends. So what we do is we plot the trends of"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1436.93,"endTime":1443.35,"body":"dengue fever outbreaks, back to environmental and"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1436.93,"endTime":1443.35,"body":"social parameters. And then if we have forecasts"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1443.35,"endTime":1450.31,"body":"of those environmental and social parameters, we"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1443.35,"endTime":1450.31,"body":"can use those forecasts to extrapolate forwards"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1450.37,"endTime":1452.59,"body":"cases of Dengue fever and outbreaks of that."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1452.74,"endTime":1456.13,"body":"Darren, as EO data becomes more"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1452.74,"endTime":1456.13,"body":"usable. Where do you think the biggest"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1456.13,"endTime":1459.73,"body":"opportunities lie in the sectors where HR"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1456.13,"endTime":1459.73,"body":"Wallingford can make a difference?"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1460.36,"endTime":1463.78,"body":"I think there's I think, as"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1460.36,"endTime":1463.78,"body":"Quillon said, there's there's inferred data and"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1463.78,"endTime":1468.79,"body":"there's data you can use directly. So what I mean"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1463.78,"endTime":1468.79,"body":"by that, so for example, take a continent like"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1468.82,"endTime":1480.19,"body":"Africa. So 53 countries, massive area, but very"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1468.82,"endTime":1480.19,"body":"few African governments know where their buildings"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1480.19,"endTime":1486.43,"body":"are, and the building footprints of every"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1480.19,"endTime":1486.43,"body":"building. So what's happening? Currently, there's"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1486.43,"endTime":1494.98,"body":"companies are using remote sensing data to provide"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1486.43,"endTime":1494.98,"body":"databases of a footprint of every building in"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1494.98,"endTime":1501.7,"body":"every African country. So that's down to Mud built"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1494.98,"endTime":1501.7,"body":"buildings that might only occupy maybe two or"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1501.7,"endTime":1506.2,"body":"three square metres. And the reason why that"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1501.7,"endTime":1506.2,"body":"information is very important, it's very important"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1506.2,"endTime":1512.47,"body":"for governments and organisations like ours to do"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1506.2,"endTime":1512.47,"body":"risk assessments so you can know what the real"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1512.47,"endTime":1518.14,"body":"flood risk is. You can know where the the critical"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1512.47,"endTime":1518.14,"body":"assets are, how they're going to be affected in"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1518.14,"endTime":1523.45,"body":"disasters. So that's just one example where it's,"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1518.14,"endTime":1523.45,"body":"it's very powerful and getting that really"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1524.23,"endTime":1531.49,"body":"accurate information of where assets are, and"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1524.23,"endTime":1531.49,"body":"where governments and other key stakeholders"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1531.49,"endTime":1535.87,"body":"actually don't know currently where all those"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1531.49,"endTime":1535.87,"body":"assets are. That that's I think, is a is an"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1535.87,"endTime":1540.64,"body":"example of where you can get directly inferred"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1535.87,"endTime":1540.64,"body":"data from remote sensing, that's, that's really"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1540.64,"endTime":1543.64,"body":"useful for a number of sectors and a number of"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1540.64,"endTime":1543.64,"body":"different users."},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1543.96,"endTime":1555.18,"body":"So we have a project in India, called Siva, where"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1543.96,"endTime":1555.18,"body":"we're looking at using remote sensing data in real"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1555.18,"endTime":1561.03,"body":"time, in near real time. And that to allow to do"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1555.18,"endTime":1561.03,"body":"something called impact based forecasting of"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1561.03,"endTime":1568.11,"body":"floods. So traditionally, what's happened with"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1561.03,"endTime":1568.11,"body":"floods is that governments and environmental"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1568.23,"endTime":1576.0,"body":"agencies predict water levels and/or flows. And to"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1568.23,"endTime":1576.0,"body":"the person in the street, that doesn't really"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1576.06,"endTime":1583.92,"body":"necessarily mean that much. What's of use is if"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1576.06,"endTime":1583.92,"body":"you say, well, in three hours time, there's going"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1583.92,"endTime":1591.06,"body":"to be 10, or 100 buildings flooded in this"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1583.92,"endTime":1591.06,"body":"particular area. And so that's an example where"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1591.06,"endTime":1599.16,"body":"we're using remote sensing data to help flood"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1591.06,"endTime":1599.16,"body":"forecasters say what the impact of flooding is,"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1599.16,"endTime":1605.82,"body":"rather than just say, the water level is going to"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1599.16,"endTime":1605.82,"body":"be 10.1 metres, which is pretty esoteric for most"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1605.82,"endTime":1611.07,"body":"users, even even people with a technical training"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1605.82,"endTime":1611.07,"body":"if they don't know what 10.1 metres means. Whereas"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1611.22,"endTime":1616.74,"body":"saying, as I said, a number of buildings or these"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1611.22,"endTime":1616.74,"body":"roads are going to be flooded in this particular"},{"speaker":"Darren Lumbroso","startTime":1616.74,"endTime":1619.44,"body":"area is much more helpful to people."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1619.62,"endTime":1623.04,"body":"So if you're listening, and you"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1619.62,"endTime":1623.04,"body":"think, oh, gosh, I've got something that perhaps"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1623.07,"endTime":1627.84,"body":"EO would be useful for? How can you decide whether"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1623.07,"endTime":1627.84,"body":"EO might be useful in your project?"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1628.32,"endTime":1633.93,"body":"Yes, I mean, EO like any other"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1628.32,"endTime":1633.93,"body":"resource has its advantages and disadvantages. And"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1633.93,"endTime":1640.14,"body":"I think that there's a big threshold between what"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1633.93,"endTime":1640.14,"body":"you can get for free, and what you have to pay"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1640.14,"endTime":1648.48,"body":"for. So, for example, if your project benefits"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1640.14,"endTime":1648.48,"body":"from wide coverage, then it's a perfect example to"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1648.48,"endTime":1655.41,"body":"use for Earth observation data. You get global"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1648.48,"endTime":1655.41,"body":"coverage for free, it's not a problem. If you're"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1655.41,"endTime":1660.69,"body":"studying long histories and long trends,"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1655.41,"endTime":1660.69,"body":"particularly if that's combined with wide"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1660.69,"endTime":1666.99,"body":"coverage, then that's a good example of a project"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1660.69,"endTime":1666.99,"body":"where Earth observation data may be able to help."},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1667.5,"endTime":1673.77,"body":"And if you're getting creative, and combining"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1667.5,"endTime":1673.77,"body":"factors together to try and infer other factors,"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1673.95,"endTime":1680.04,"body":"then that's a good example of an Earth observation"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1673.95,"endTime":1680.04,"body":"data project. And for the free data, if you don't"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1680.04,"endTime":1686.1,"body":"mind 10 metre spatial resolution, if you don't"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1680.04,"endTime":1686.1,"body":"need anything finer than that, if you don't need"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1686.1,"endTime":1693.3,"body":"the data immediately, like you know, in real time"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1686.1,"endTime":1693.3,"body":"or near real time, if you're if you don't mind,"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1693.33,"endTime":1698.76,"body":"the data being a little bit patchy. So we talked"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1693.33,"endTime":1698.76,"body":"about cloud cover is a big problem with optical"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1698.76,"endTime":1705.45,"body":"data. If you don't mind it being a little bit"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1698.76,"endTime":1705.45,"body":"patchy. If you're happy with one result coming in"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1705.6,"endTime":1710.73,"body":"every few days or every 10 days, depending on"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1705.6,"endTime":1710.73,"body":"where you are in the world, then that's a good"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1711.27,"endTime":1717.84,"body":"Earth observation data project. If you're prepared"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1711.27,"endTime":1717.84,"body":"to pay money for it, then you can solve a lot of"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1717.84,"endTime":1722.01,"body":"those problems, particularly you get more spatial"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1717.84,"endTime":1722.01,"body":"precision in the data."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1722.93,"endTime":1729.26,"body":"Yeah, I'd say those are points which"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1722.93,"endTime":1729.26,"body":"do pose challenges for today's Earth observation"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1729.26,"endTime":1734.75,"body":"projects. But one thing that I think it's coming"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1729.26,"endTime":1734.75,"body":"to light in terms of future trend is the amount of"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1734.75,"endTime":1740.63,"body":"data much higher spatial resolution especially"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1734.75,"endTime":1740.63,"body":"from commercial providers, which is now being"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1740.63,"endTime":1746.81,"body":"provided or discussions are ongoing, to be"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1740.63,"endTime":1746.81,"body":"attained for free. An example of that is the deal"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1746.81,"endTime":1752.21,"body":"the Norwegian government have done with a"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1746.81,"endTime":1752.21,"body":"satellite consortium which provide now free data"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1752.36,"endTime":1759.95,"body":"on a daily basis of all tropics zones, and or"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1752.36,"endTime":1759.95,"body":"forestry zones, reasonably good spatial resolution"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1759.98,"endTime":1765.47,"body":"about three metres. Radar data is also provided."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1759.98,"endTime":1765.47,"body":"And that's done entirely for free for for the"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1765.47,"endTime":1772.04,"body":"greater good. And as more and more platforms are"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1765.47,"endTime":1772.04,"body":"being launched by more and more competitors, that"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1772.04,"endTime":1776.54,"body":"is going to drive the market price down."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1772.04,"endTime":1776.54,"body":"Especially with the new launch systems which are"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1776.54,"endTime":1783.44,"body":"coming on stream now where space launches always"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1776.54,"endTime":1783.44,"body":"were traditionally fairly expensive, and only a"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1783.44,"endTime":1789.26,"body":"few people did them. Now in some cases, you can"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1783.44,"endTime":1789.26,"body":"get your launch for nothing, especially if you're"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1789.26,"endTime":1794.6,"body":"launching a very smaller university type project."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1789.26,"endTime":1794.6,"body":"So the launch costs are really coming down and"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1794.6,"endTime":1801.05,"body":"that's only going to go down further. Secondly is"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1794.6,"endTime":1801.05,"body":"the UK space agency and other governments around"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1801.05,"endTime":1808.19,"body":"the world are looking to see how we can stimulate"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1801.05,"endTime":1808.19,"body":"the market further by talking not only to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1809.27,"endTime":1815.9,"body":"consortia, which to provide systems like"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1809.27,"endTime":1815.9,"body":"Copernicus, and future Copernicus, but also third"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1815.9,"endTime":1823.34,"body":"party data providers, people like planet people"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1815.9,"endTime":1823.34,"body":"like ISI and others, to see what can be done to"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1823.34,"endTime":1829.64,"body":"provide data for free to either stimulate market"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1823.34,"endTime":1829.64,"body":"growth or provide information which can be used"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1829.64,"endTime":1831.23,"body":"for for the greater world good."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1831.54,"endTime":1835.11,"body":"So it seems the possibilities are"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1831.54,"endTime":1835.11,"body":"endless and nd Earth observation is going to"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1835.35,"endTime":1841.47,"body":"become more and more prevalent in the way we use"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1835.35,"endTime":1841.47,"body":"data and how we solve problems on the ground. Does"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1841.47,"endTime":1845.22,"body":"anyone have any, the most exciting thing that's"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1841.47,"endTime":1845.22,"body":"happened in Earth observation, then what they"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1845.22,"endTime":1846.9,"body":"think will will be in the future?"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1847.92,"endTime":1852.69,"body":"Well, there's a lot of new"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1847.92,"endTime":1852.69,"body":"innovations coming on stream all the time. But"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1852.69,"endTime":1859.17,"body":"still, what excites me most is to explore what"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1852.69,"endTime":1859.17,"body":"we've already got. We have huge libraries of"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1859.23,"endTime":1866.43,"body":"images of the Earth going back decades, and"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1859.23,"endTime":1866.43,"body":"optical images and radar images that you can infer"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1866.46,"endTime":1872.58,"body":"all sorts of things from. Who would have thought"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1866.46,"endTime":1872.58,"body":"that we would be able to talk about Dengue fever"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1872.58,"endTime":1879.33,"body":"in the same sentence as Earth observations,"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1872.58,"endTime":1879.33,"body":"there's so much on offer. And I think we simply"},{"speaker":"Quillon Harpham","startTime":1879.33,"endTime":1881.28,"body":"just need to dive into what we've already got."},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1883.4,"endTime":1889.1,"body":"Guessing in the past, maybe up"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1883.4,"endTime":1889.1,"body":"until very recently, the Earth observation field"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1889.1,"endTime":1897.32,"body":"was dominated by big government agencies. But in"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1889.1,"endTime":1897.32,"body":"recent years, I think the game changers are the"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1897.32,"endTime":1907.52,"body":"private companies, which as Ray mentioned earlier,"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1897.32,"endTime":1907.52,"body":"the the they have a lot of small satellite"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1907.52,"endTime":1917.24,"body":"constellations, which offer now daily revisits."},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1907.52,"endTime":1917.24,"body":"And this can potentially, I think, be a revolution"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1917.27,"endTime":1923.72,"body":"in the application of Earth observation data,"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1917.27,"endTime":1923.72,"body":"having access to daily data at medium or high"},{"speaker":"Gina Tsarouchi","startTime":1923.72,"endTime":1926.39,"body":"resolution for new applications."},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1926.84,"endTime":1932.75,"body":"Yeah, I agree with that point. With"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1926.84,"endTime":1932.75,"body":"the prevalence of satellite constellations, plans,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1932.78,"endTime":1938.24,"body":"and for the future, there's going to be a huge"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1932.78,"endTime":1938.24,"body":"amount of data, an ever decreasing cost going"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1938.24,"endTime":1944.3,"body":"forward. That with new and innovative ways of"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1938.24,"endTime":1944.3,"body":"using that data, I think, combined with the fact"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1944.3,"endTime":1949.58,"body":"that everyone's carrying a very, very powerful"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1944.3,"endTime":1949.58,"body":"portable computer, in the name of their smartphone"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1949.58,"endTime":1954.05,"body":"around with them all times. People will be using"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1949.58,"endTime":1954.05,"body":"Earth observation data in the future and not even"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1954.05,"endTime":1959.66,"body":"realising it. They'll just be downloading what"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1954.05,"endTime":1959.66,"body":"relevant app is useful for them, whatever their"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1959.81,"endTime":1965.69,"body":"current situation or problem is, Earth observation"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1959.81,"endTime":1965.69,"body":"will be in everyday life. And to me, that's,"},{"speaker":"Ray Fielding","startTime":1965.75,"endTime":1967.16,"body":"that's really exciting."},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1967.0,"endTime":1972.61,"body":"I think that draws us quite nicely"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1967.0,"endTime":1972.61,"body":"to a close. So thanks all of you for a really"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1972.61,"endTime":1977.77,"body":"insightful discussion, and particularly to Ray for"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1972.61,"endTime":1977.77,"body":"coming to join us here today. This has been the"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1977.77,"endTime":1982.72,"body":"Hydrofile. If you're interested in anything we've"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1977.77,"endTime":1982.72,"body":"said today on Earth observation, there's plenty"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1982.72,"endTime":1988.96,"body":"more information on the HR Wallingford website, HR"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1982.72,"endTime":1988.96,"body":"wallingford.com, or on our social channels For"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1988.96,"endTime":1992.62,"body":"Twitter it's at HR Wallingford. Thanks so much for"},{"speaker":"Sally Jackson","startTime":1988.96,"endTime":1992.62,"body":"listening."}]}