{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":36.32,"endTime":43.12,"body":"Welcome to this episode of NLN podcast Nursing "},{"startTime":36.32,"endTime":43.12,"body":"EDge Unscripted the Scholarship track. I'm your"},{"startTime":43.12,"endTime":49.84,"body":"host Dr. Steven Palazzo, a member of the editorial "},{"startTime":43.12,"endTime":49.84,"body":"board for the Nursing Education Perspectives."},{"startTime":49.84,"endTime":55.6,"body":"Nursing EDge Unscripted and our track entitled "},{"startTime":49.84,"endTime":55.6,"body":"Scholarship celebrates the published work of"},{"startTime":55.6,"endTime":61.6,"body":"selection educators from NLN's official journal "},{"startTime":55.6,"endTime":61.6,"body":"Nursing Education Perspectives and the NLN"},{"startTime":61.6,"endTime":68.0,"body":"Nursing EDge blog. The conversation embraces the "},{"startTime":61.6,"endTime":68.0,"body":"author's unique perspective on teaching, learning,"},{"startTime":68.0,"endTime":74.4,"body":"innovation, and the implications for nursing "},{"startTime":68.0,"endTime":74.4,"body":"program development and enhancement. This episode"},{"startTime":74.4,"endTime":80.8,"body":"is on the collaboration between faculty members "},{"startTime":74.4,"endTime":80.8,"body":"and nurses in all environments. We will discuss"},{"startTime":80.8,"endTime":87.12,"body":"the author's article, The Lived Experience of DACA "},{"startTime":80.8,"endTime":87.12,"body":"Recipients Who Are US Nursing Program Graduates"},{"startTime":87.12,"endTime":92.8,"body":"and Their Pathways to Professional Licensure, "},{"startTime":87.12,"endTime":92.8,"body":"A Phenomenological Study. The discussion will"},{"startTime":92.8,"endTime":98.0,"body":"focus on the unique findings of the author who "},{"startTime":92.8,"endTime":98.0,"body":"published the manuscript and will be published in"},{"startTime":98.0,"endTime":105.84,"body":"the manuscript November December this week, volume 43 "},{"startTime":98.0,"endTime":105.84,"body":"number six of Nursing Education Perspectives. Our speaker today"},{"startTime":105.84,"endTime":112.48,"body":"is Dr. Deborah Richardson who is an associate "},{"startTime":105.84,"endTime":112.48,"body":"professor of nursing at Dalton State College in Georgia. Well,"},{"startTime":112.48,"endTime":119.36,"body":"welcome Dr. Richardson. We're very happy to have "},{"startTime":112.48,"endTime":119.36,"body":"you here today. Thank you. I'm honored to be here."},{"startTime":120.0,"endTime":126.16,"body":"So let's start by beginning with the summarization "},{"startTime":120.0,"endTime":126.16,"body":"of your study and the four themes that emerged."},{"startTime":126.16,"endTime":135.52,"body":"Yes. I studied the lived experience of deferred "},{"startTime":126.16,"endTime":135.52,"body":"action for childhood arrivals who are US nursing"},{"startTime":135.52,"endTime":142.48,"body":"program graduates and their paths to professional "},{"startTime":135.52,"endTime":142.48,"body":"licensure. I don't know if it would be helpful to"},{"startTime":142.48,"endTime":147.44,"body":"have a little more background for your readers. I "},{"startTime":142.48,"endTime":147.44,"body":"think so. I think if you wanted to talk a little"},{"startTime":147.44,"endTime":152.64,"body":"bit about the four themes that emerged in your "},{"startTime":147.44,"endTime":152.64,"body":"work and maybe briefly what interested you in"},{"startTime":152.64,"endTime":162.16,"body":"this, what got you interested? Yeah. Well, a "},{"startTime":152.64,"endTime":162.16,"body":"lot of nursing faculty who speak with me about"},{"startTime":162.16,"endTime":169.92,"body":"this were completely unaware of deferred action "},{"startTime":162.16,"endTime":169.92,"body":"for childhood arrivals or its impact on nursing,"},{"startTime":169.92,"endTime":176.16,"body":"nursing education and the experience of the "},{"startTime":169.92,"endTime":176.16,"body":"students and the nurses who are DACA recipients."},{"startTime":177.04,"endTime":186.48,"body":"It may be important to know that in 1982 the "},{"startTime":177.04,"endTime":186.48,"body":"Supreme Court ruled that laws denying K12"},{"startTime":186.48,"endTime":196.96,"body":"education to undocumented children violated "},{"startTime":186.48,"endTime":196.96,"body":"the equal access or equal protection clause"},{"startTime":196.96,"endTime":210.32,"body":"of the 14th amendment. 32 years after SCOTUS "},{"startTime":196.96,"endTime":210.32,"body":"tasked Congress with creating a pathway for"},{"startTime":210.32,"endTime":222.48,"body":"these children to receive some form of official "},{"startTime":210.32,"endTime":222.48,"body":"presence, multiple drafts of the DREAM Act had"},{"startTime":222.48,"endTime":229.28,"body":"failed in Congress and these students, many "},{"startTime":222.48,"endTime":229.28,"body":"of them honor students, were graduating from"},{"startTime":229.28,"endTime":237.92,"body":"high school with no documented status. Sort of "},{"startTime":229.28,"endTime":237.92,"body":"they described themselves often as living in"},{"startTime":237.92,"endTime":247.84,"body":"the shadows. They couldn't get employment. They "},{"startTime":237.92,"endTime":247.84,"body":"weren't authorized to drive a car. They couldn't"},{"startTime":247.84,"endTime":260.8,"body":"get a driver's license. And so higher education "},{"startTime":247.84,"endTime":260.8,"body":"was nearly impossible for many of them. Because"},{"startTime":260.8,"endTime":268.8,"body":"Congress failed to pass multiple drafts of what "},{"startTime":260.8,"endTime":268.8,"body":"came to become came to be known as the Dream Act."},{"startTime":269.44,"endTime":279.28,"body":"The Obama administration in 2012, 30 years after "},{"startTime":269.44,"endTime":279.28,"body":"the SCOTUS ruling, created an executive action,"},{"startTime":279.28,"endTime":286.0,"body":"Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, which "},{"startTime":279.28,"endTime":286.0,"body":"essentially provides temporary relief from the"},{"startTime":286.0,"endTime":294.72,"body":"threat of deportation, and it provides work "},{"startTime":286.0,"endTime":294.72,"body":"authorization to certain undocumented young"},{"startTime":294.72,"endTime":304.48,"body":"people. They have to meet very specific criteria. "},{"startTime":294.72,"endTime":304.48,"body":"As a result of DACA, many of these students were"},{"startTime":304.48,"endTime":315.84,"body":"able to complete programs of nursing and become "},{"startTime":304.48,"endTime":315.84,"body":"registered nurses. However, some states continued"},{"startTime":315.84,"endTime":328.56,"body":"to withhold licensure for DACA recipients and "},{"startTime":315.84,"endTime":328.56,"body":"some nursing programs refuse to admit DACA"},{"startTime":328.56,"endTime":339.2,"body":"recipients to their programs. So increasingly "},{"startTime":328.56,"endTime":339.2,"body":"random news articles, personal anecdotes were"},{"startTime":339.2,"endTime":346.48,"body":"being published about this phenomenon, but I "},{"startTime":339.2,"endTime":346.48,"body":"could find nothing about it in the nursing"},{"startTime":346.48,"endTime":355.36,"body":"literature. There was no research related to DACA "},{"startTime":346.48,"endTime":355.36,"body":"recipients and their pathways to nursing licensure."},{"startTime":355.92,"endTime":366.24,"body":"So I got full board IRB approval for a descriptive "},{"startTime":355.92,"endTime":366.24,"body":"phenomenological study. Hermeneutic phenomenology"},{"startTime":366.24,"endTime":373.44,"body":"framed my study and the analysis followed Colaizzi’s"},{"startTime":366.24,"endTime":373.44,"body":"process of qualitative analysis. My main"},{"startTime":373.44,"endTime":381.12,"body":"question was what is the lived experience of DACA "},{"startTime":373.44,"endTime":381.12,"body":"recipients who are US nursing program graduates"},{"startTime":381.12,"endTime":390.48,"body":"and have obtained professional licensure. So the "},{"startTime":381.12,"endTime":390.48,"body":"inclusion criteria for my purpose of sample was"},{"startTime":390.48,"endTime":397.52,"body":"they must be undocumented immigrants who had "},{"startTime":390.48,"endTime":397.52,"body":"received deferred action for childhood arrivals."},{"startTime":397.52,"endTime":404.48,"body":"They had to be a graduate of a US nursing program "},{"startTime":397.52,"endTime":404.48,"body":"and they had to be licensed as a professional"},{"startTime":404.48,"endTime":415.44,"body":"registered nurse. And this yielded a sample size "},{"startTime":404.48,"endTime":415.44,"body":"of 17 which of course was determined by data"},{"startTime":415.44,"endTime":428.56,"body":"analysis additional interviews until the data were "},{"startTime":415.44,"endTime":428.56,"body":"saturated. The national sample of 17 participants"},{"startTime":430.56,"endTime":442.8,"body":"resided in nine different states and represented "},{"startTime":430.56,"endTime":442.8,"body":"each region of the United States. So tell me about the four themes that emerged."},{"startTime":442.8,"endTime":455.12,"body":"Sure. I had to really focus in on my research "},{"startTime":442.8,"endTime":455.12,"body":"question and focus on their becoming registered"},{"startTime":455.12,"endTime":463.04,"body":"nurses. And so, four overarching themes "},{"startTime":455.12,"endTime":463.04,"body":"emerged that included pursuing the dream,"},{"startTime":463.04,"endTime":474.48,"body":"finding support, figuring it out, and advocating "},{"startTime":463.04,"endTime":474.48,"body":"for others. I found that pursuing the dream was"},{"startTime":474.48,"endTime":483.6,"body":"not limited to careers in nursing. Participants "},{"startTime":474.48,"endTime":483.6,"body":"tended to describe a dream of being valued"},{"startTime":484.16,"endTime":493.76,"body":"being respected as an individual. Imagine a "},{"startTime":484.16,"endTime":493.76,"body":"lifetime of being called illegal. Just the term,"},{"startTime":493.76,"endTime":502.48,"body":"right? The stigma associated with that. Yes. And "},{"startTime":493.76,"endTime":502.48,"body":"so professional accomplishment was a means of"},{"startTime":502.48,"endTime":510.8,"body":"achieving that value. I think one of the "},{"startTime":502.48,"endTime":510.8,"body":"participants Maya explained it best. She said,"},{"startTime":510.8,"endTime":519.2,"body":"\"as a DACA recipient I felt like my humanity was "},{"startTime":510.8,"endTime":519.2,"body":"always being questioned, but as a nurse...\" Profound."},{"startTime":519.2,"endTime":527.52,"body":"I never about that. Wow. Yes. And as a nurse, "},{"startTime":519.2,"endTime":527.52,"body":"she felt that very fortunate that she could make"},{"startTime":527.52,"endTime":534.16,"body":"therapeutic connections with patients and that "},{"startTime":527.52,"endTime":534.16,"body":"they were both able to see humanity in that. That"},{"startTime":534.16,"endTime":547.68,"body":"were that was her specific phraseology that we "},{"startTime":534.16,"endTime":547.68,"body":"could see humanity in that. So pursuing the dream"},{"startTime":547.68,"endTime":557.187,"body":"of course did involve nursing but for many of the "},{"startTime":547.68,"endTime":557.187,"body":"participants nursing was not their first choice."},{"startTime":557.187,"endTime":570.24,"body":"That actualization many of them began pursuing "},{"startTime":557.187,"endTime":570.24,"body":"medicine or law, MBAs, research degrees, scientists,"},{"startTime":570.24,"endTime":582.72,"body":"and teachers, educators but once they experienced "},{"startTime":570.24,"endTime":582.72,"body":"that value of humanity, that is evident in nursing"},{"startTime":582.72,"endTime":589.84,"body":"their goals changed and they wanted to become "},{"startTime":582.72,"endTime":589.84,"body":"professional nurses. Receiving DACA, of course,"},{"startTime":589.84,"endTime":606.56,"body":"was pivotal to that, right? Because DACA made that "},{"startTime":589.84,"endTime":606.56,"body":"possibility of becoming a nurse realizable. Mia"},{"startTime":606.56,"endTime":613.68,"body":"described her life before DACA. She said, \"I "},{"startTime":606.56,"endTime":613.68,"body":"felt like I was stuck. It felt like my wings"},{"startTime":613.68,"endTime":621.92,"body":"were cut off. I wanted to do so much and I knew my "},{"startTime":613.68,"endTime":621.92,"body":"potential but I was unable to do it because of a"},{"startTime":621.92,"endTime":630.8,"body":"piece of paper.\" I am moved every time I read "},{"startTime":621.92,"endTime":630.8,"body":"that quote. Because DACA provided for them a"},{"startTime":630.8,"endTime":637.28,"body":"social security number, increased access to "},{"startTime":630.8,"endTime":637.28,"body":"employment income, which of course they had"},{"startTime":637.28,"endTime":643.44,"body":"to have to afford a higher education. And it "},{"startTime":637.28,"endTime":643.44,"body":"just created a chance to fulfill their dream"},{"startTime":643.44,"endTime":650.8,"body":"of becoming a nurse. What would you suggest "},{"startTime":643.44,"endTime":650.8,"body":"or suggestions you have for those educators"},{"startTime":650.8,"endTime":659.68,"body":"wanting to support their DACA students? Many "},{"startTime":650.8,"endTime":659.68,"body":"of the participants spoke of the need for support"},{"startTime":661.2,"endTime":670.32,"body":"in addition to support that they found for "},{"startTime":661.2,"endTime":670.32,"body":"overcoming fear, discouragement, defeat,"},{"startTime":670.32,"endTime":679.68,"body":"uncertainty, the constant threat that if DACA "},{"startTime":670.32,"endTime":679.68,"body":"went away, they could be deported. And then"},{"startTime":679.68,"endTime":684.72,"body":"of course the threat that any member of their "},{"startTime":679.68,"endTime":684.72,"body":"family could be deported. That separation, that"},{"startTime":684.72,"endTime":693.12,"body":"constant fear of separation. They had personal "},{"startTime":684.72,"endTime":693.12,"body":"support systems and faith support systems,"},{"startTime":693.12,"endTime":704.88,"body":"but many of them mentioned support that they "},{"startTime":693.12,"endTime":704.88,"body":"received from faculty, particularly faculty who"},{"startTime":704.88,"endTime":710.08,"body":"showed enough interest in them "},{"startTime":704.88,"endTime":710.08,"body":"to encourage them to self-disclose"},{"startTime":710.08,"endTime":719.6,"body":"their status and thereby reveal the "},{"startTime":710.08,"endTime":719.6,"body":"need for those additional resources."},{"startTime":719.6,"endTime":728.08,"body":"So, as an educator in my classroom and students "},{"startTime":719.6,"endTime":728.08,"body":"that I recognize or will have reported to me,"},{"startTime":728.08,"endTime":734.64,"body":"their status, it sounds like listening and support "},{"startTime":728.08,"endTime":734.64,"body":"are the things that they need the most from me as"},{"startTime":734.64,"endTime":741.6,"body":"an educator. What kind of resources would I "},{"startTime":734.64,"endTime":741.6,"body":"would be helping me to offer those students?"},{"startTime":742.48,"endTime":749.36,"body":"It's important to know that despite having "},{"startTime":742.48,"endTime":749.36,"body":"a social security number and paying state,"},{"startTime":749.36,"endTime":757.36,"body":"local, and federal taxes, DACA recipients "},{"startTime":749.36,"endTime":757.36,"body":"are exempt from federal funded student aid."},{"startTime":758.16,"endTime":771.12,"body":"So, private scholarships, any campus resources as "},{"startTime":758.16,"endTime":771.12,"body":"far as funding that you are aware of. There are"},{"startTime":771.12,"endTime":782.32,"body":"several organizations who provide scholarships "},{"startTime":771.12,"endTime":782.32,"body":"that are not exclusive of DACA recipients."},{"startTime":782.96,"endTime":791.52,"body":"So if a nurse faculty member can just you know "},{"startTime":782.96,"endTime":791.52,"body":"as you learn of things create a list of these"},{"startTime":791.52,"endTime":799.6,"body":"resources. I get on mailing lists. So some of "},{"startTime":791.52,"endTime":799.6,"body":"these organizations will just send me an alert."},{"startTime":800.64,"endTime":808.16,"body":"Applications for this scholarship are now open or "},{"startTime":800.64,"endTime":808.16,"body":"will be open in February and then I can forward"},{"startTime":808.16,"endTime":816.64,"body":"that to students that I know could benefit from "},{"startTime":808.16,"endTime":816.64,"body":"that additional funding. It's also important to"},{"startTime":816.64,"endTime":826.24,"body":"know that in many states DACA recipients pay "},{"startTime":816.64,"endTime":826.24,"body":"out-of-state tuition. They're often classified"},{"startTime":826.24,"endTime":838.64,"body":"as non-resident aliens because of their lack of "},{"startTime":826.24,"endTime":838.64,"body":"lawful presence, documented presence and therefore"},{"startTime":838.64,"endTime":847.92,"body":"they pay nearly three times the tuition that other "},{"startTime":838.64,"endTime":847.92,"body":"students pay. So nursing faculty are encouraged to"},{"startTime":847.92,"endTime":858.48,"body":"advocate for in-state tuition. these students pay "},{"startTime":847.92,"endTime":858.48,"body":"the state tax that affords other residents in-state"},{"startTime":858.48,"endTime":867.2,"body":"tuition. It's just a matter of justice to also "},{"startTime":858.48,"endTime":867.2,"body":"allow them in-state tuition. You find this the"},{"startTime":867.2,"endTime":874.32,"body":"biggest logistical challenge they face in nursing "},{"startTime":867.2,"endTime":874.32,"body":"school is the financial piece and the access to"},{"startTime":874.32,"endTime":880.4,"body":"the funding, scholarships, etc. or are there other "},{"startTime":874.32,"endTime":880.4,"body":"logistical pieces that make it difficult for them"},{"startTime":880.4,"endTime":888.4,"body":"to traverse the system? There are other things "},{"startTime":880.4,"endTime":888.4,"body":"that make it difficult. Some clinical sites"},{"startTime":888.4,"endTime":897.12,"body":"misunderstand that DACA recipients have social "},{"startTime":888.4,"endTime":897.12,"body":"security numbers and authorization for employment."},{"startTime":898.08,"endTime":905.28,"body":"There are programs of nursing who also "},{"startTime":898.08,"endTime":905.28,"body":"misunderstand that DACA recipients can't"},{"startTime":905.28,"endTime":917.2,"body":"attend clinical. So I found a few university "},{"startTime":905.28,"endTime":917.2,"body":"websites that actually had a disclaimer"},{"startTime":917.2,"endTime":922.96,"body":"for DACA recipients not to apply because "},{"startTime":917.2,"endTime":922.96,"body":"they couldn't be licensed in that state."},{"startTime":923.6,"endTime":931.36,"body":"It's very important for nurse faculty to remember "},{"startTime":923.6,"endTime":931.36,"body":"that the National Council of State Boards of"},{"startTime":931.36,"endTime":943.68,"body":"Nursing is a national organization. NCLEX is a "},{"startTime":931.36,"endTime":943.68,"body":"nationally standardized exam and unless we exclude"},{"startTime":943.68,"endTime":952.88,"body":"every student who may choose to become licensed in "},{"startTime":943.68,"endTime":952.88,"body":"another state, it's unethical to exclude students"},{"startTime":952.88,"endTime":959.76,"body":"from our programs who may be required "},{"startTime":952.88,"endTime":959.76,"body":"to become licensed in another state. So,"},{"startTime":959.76,"endTime":968.48,"body":"a lot of misinformation out there. Yes. How is a "},{"startTime":959.76,"endTime":968.48,"body":"nurse educator, how would you suggesting educator"},{"startTime":968.48,"endTime":974.16,"body":"impact at that policy level at the local, state, "},{"startTime":968.48,"endTime":974.16,"body":"federal level, if they were children? What could"},{"startTime":974.16,"endTime":981.6,"body":"I do locally in my community to help impact policy "},{"startTime":974.16,"endTime":981.6,"body":"or do I have to go more towards the federal level?"},{"startTime":983.04,"endTime":994.32,"body":"First, at that local level, nurse faculty need "},{"startTime":983.04,"endTime":994.32,"body":"to advocate against dehumanizing language. For"},{"startTime":994.32,"endTime":1002.56,"body":"example, we should eliminate the word illegal "},{"startTime":994.32,"endTime":1002.56,"body":"from our vocabulary in reference to human beings."},{"startTime":1002.56,"endTime":1010.24,"body":"Actions are unlawful. Never, never individuals. "},{"startTime":1002.56,"endTime":1010.24,"body":"And you know that value of people and respect for"},{"startTime":1010.24,"endTime":1020.0,"body":"individuals is what draws some DACA recipients to "},{"startTime":1010.24,"endTime":1020.0,"body":"nursing. So it's implicit for us to ensure that"},{"startTime":1020.0,"endTime":1030.24,"body":"those values are manifested in our programs of "},{"startTime":1020.0,"endTime":1030.24,"body":"nursing. We know that FERPA restricts how much we"},{"startTime":1030.24,"endTime":1044.16,"body":"can ask. It prevents us from asking about status "},{"startTime":1030.24,"endTime":1044.16,"body":"of any kind. But it also protects the students"},{"startTime":1044.16,"endTime":1053.04,"body":"from us sharing that information with a third "},{"startTime":1044.16,"endTime":1053.04,"body":"party such as clinical sites. So clinical sites"},{"startTime":1053.04,"endTime":1061.68,"body":"could be made to understand that they contract "},{"startTime":1053.04,"endTime":1061.68,"body":"with the school and students have a valid social"},{"startTime":1061.68,"endTime":1072.48,"body":"security number. They have work authorization. "},{"startTime":1061.68,"endTime":1072.48,"body":"So the clinical institutions don't necessarily"},{"startTime":1072.48,"endTime":1080.32,"body":"need to know the students documentation "},{"startTime":1072.48,"endTime":1080.32,"body":"of immigration status or the lack thereof."},{"startTime":1081.52,"endTime":1092.16,"body":"So communicating with clinical sites is important. "},{"startTime":1081.52,"endTime":1092.16,"body":"FERPA also doesn't minimize our obligation to know"},{"startTime":1092.16,"endTime":1098.88,"body":"which students may need additional resources. "},{"startTime":1092.16,"endTime":1098.88,"body":"So, we need to create environments within our"},{"startTime":1098.88,"endTime":1108.16,"body":"nursing programs that make DACA recipients and "},{"startTime":1098.88,"endTime":1108.16,"body":"other students feel comfortable and safe so that"},{"startTime":1108.16,"endTime":1118.8,"body":"they can share whatever barriers they may need "},{"startTime":1108.16,"endTime":1118.8,"body":"help with and then allow us to help them find"},{"startTime":1118.8,"endTime":1125.04,"body":"resources to overcome those barriers. for doing "},{"startTime":1118.8,"endTime":1125.04,"body":"what we should be doing as educators and classroom"},{"startTime":1125.04,"endTime":1130.32,"body":"environments and creating a warm, welcoming, "},{"startTime":1125.04,"endTime":1130.32,"body":"non-judgmental environment where students feel"},{"startTime":1130.32,"endTime":1139.36,"body":"safe for many variety of of issues and topics. "},{"startTime":1130.32,"endTime":1139.36,"body":"This being one of them. Exactly. Treat them like"},{"startTime":1139.36,"endTime":1150.24,"body":"individuals, the wonderful mind, body, and spirit "},{"startTime":1139.36,"endTime":1150.24,"body":"that they are. Get to know them, make them feel"},{"startTime":1150.24,"endTime":1156.32,"body":"comfortable so that they can share with us their "},{"startTime":1150.24,"endTime":1156.32,"body":"needs. Where are we at at the latest policy level"},{"startTime":1156.32,"endTime":1163.2,"body":"at the federal level with that student and is "},{"startTime":1156.32,"endTime":1163.2,"body":"there any movement in that area? Currently,"},{"startTime":1163.92,"endTime":1172.32,"body":"DACA authorization is being renewed for those "},{"startTime":1163.92,"endTime":1172.32,"body":"who already have deferred action for childhood"},{"startTime":1172.32,"endTime":1182.56,"body":"arrivals. But because of a Texas appeal of "},{"startTime":1172.32,"endTime":1182.56,"body":"the program, they are not currently taking new"},{"startTime":1182.56,"endTime":1196.08,"body":"applications. And I don't know about other states, "},{"startTime":1182.56,"endTime":1196.08,"body":"but in Georgia, statewide there is a reduction in"},{"startTime":1196.08,"endTime":1205.36,"body":"students applying to college, students returning "},{"startTime":1196.08,"endTime":1205.36,"body":"to college. And so we need to advocate so that"},{"startTime":1205.36,"endTime":1211.92,"body":"these students who are now graduating from high "},{"startTime":1205.36,"endTime":1211.92,"body":"school and they're in the same situation that"},{"startTime":1211.92,"endTime":1219.44,"body":"many of these nurses found themselves in in "},{"startTime":1211.92,"endTime":1219.44,"body":"2012 and before Deferred Action for"},{"startTime":1219.44,"endTime":1224.72,"body":"Childhood Arrivals. You know, when I read Mia's "},{"startTime":1219.44,"endTime":1224.72,"body":"quote, I think of all the students who"},{"startTime":1224.72,"endTime":1229.92,"body":"are graduating now, who feel like their wings "},{"startTime":1224.72,"endTime":1229.92,"body":"are clipped, who feel stuck, who know their"},{"startTime":1229.92,"endTime":1239.44,"body":"potential. Many of them are offered scholarships, "},{"startTime":1229.92,"endTime":1239.44,"body":"both academics and sports related, and then those"},{"startTime":1239.44,"endTime":1249.76,"body":"offers are withdrawn when their status is "},{"startTime":1239.44,"endTime":1249.76,"body":"revealed. That has to be heartbreaking. So"},{"startTime":1249.76,"endTime":1259.52,"body":"at the federal level we can advocate not only for "},{"startTime":1249.76,"endTime":1259.52,"body":"DACA because DACA remains a temporary solution."},{"startTime":1260.64,"endTime":1269.2,"body":"Applicants have to reapply every two years. In "},{"startTime":1260.64,"endTime":1269.2,"body":"fact, they're encouraged to apply 6 months before"},{"startTime":1269.2,"endTime":1278.8,"body":"their DACA certification expires, which you know, "},{"startTime":1269.2,"endTime":1278.8,"body":"when you think of it like our nursing license,"},{"startTime":1278.8,"endTime":1286.24,"body":"it's like, oh well, they just have to apply "},{"startTime":1278.8,"endTime":1286.24,"body":"early. But unlike our nursing licenses,"},{"startTime":1286.24,"endTime":1292.56,"body":"if they apply six months early and for some reason "},{"startTime":1286.24,"endTime":1292.56,"body":"their paperwork goes through without a hitch,"},{"startTime":1293.44,"endTime":1302.96,"body":"their next two-year cycle begins the day they "},{"startTime":1293.44,"endTime":1302.96,"body":"receive their authorization. So they may become"},{"startTime":1302.96,"endTime":1311.52,"body":"authorized every 18 to 20 months rather than every "},{"startTime":1302.96,"endTime":1311.52,"body":"two years. One of the nurses I interviewed was an"},{"startTime":1311.52,"endTime":1319.44,"body":"experienced obstetrics nurse in the midst of a "},{"startTime":1311.52,"endTime":1319.44,"body":"pandemic. She was a frontline worker and she was"},{"startTime":1319.44,"endTime":1326.88,"body":"motivated to respond to my invitation because she "},{"startTime":1319.44,"endTime":1326.88,"body":"had received notice that she had two more weeks"},{"startTime":1326.88,"endTime":1337.52,"body":"of employment if her DACA her DACA authorization "},{"startTime":1326.88,"endTime":1337.52,"body":"which she had applied for over six months earlier"},{"startTime":1337.52,"endTime":1342.88,"body":"did not come through. This was an experienced "},{"startTime":1337.52,"endTime":1342.88,"body":"nurse in a nursing shortage in the midst of"},{"startTime":1342.88,"endTime":1353.6,"body":"a pandemic and she was going to be unemployed "},{"startTime":1342.88,"endTime":1353.6,"body":"because of this paperwork. DACA...yes, it's just"},{"startTime":1353.6,"endTime":1366.16,"body":"inconceivable to me. DACA also doesn't provide "},{"startTime":1353.6,"endTime":1366.16,"body":"any path to citizenship, any path to permanent"},{"startTime":1366.16,"endTime":1378.8,"body":"residency. It doesn't provide any documentation "},{"startTime":1366.16,"endTime":1378.8,"body":"of lawful presence. So with the tenuous"},{"startTime":1379.36,"endTime":1389.04,"body":"situation with DACA right now, I'm reading and "},{"startTime":1379.36,"endTime":1389.04,"body":"receiving calls from nurses who are considering"},{"startTime":1390.8,"endTime":1398.56,"body":"applying for license in other countries like "},{"startTime":1390.8,"endTime":1398.56,"body":"Canada for example. And we really just can't"},{"startTime":1398.56,"endTime":1408.48,"body":"afford to lose these experienced nurses simply "},{"startTime":1398.56,"endTime":1408.48,"body":"because Congress has failed to pass permanent"},{"startTime":1408.48,"endTime":1416.16,"body":"legislation, a clean DREAM Act that will provide "},{"startTime":1408.48,"endTime":1416.16,"body":"these students who came to our country under no"},{"startTime":1416.16,"endTime":1423.44,"body":"volition of their own. They don't remember "},{"startTime":1416.16,"endTime":1423.44,"body":"living anywhere else. Right. And they're being penalized"},{"startTime":1423.44,"endTime":1433.84,"body":"for it. Yes. Right. Most of the participants in my "},{"startTime":1423.44,"endTime":1433.84,"body":"study arrived before age four. So for senators to"},{"startTime":1433.84,"endTime":1441.84,"body":"tell them go back to your home country and follow "},{"startTime":1433.84,"endTime":1441.84,"body":"the current rules. It's impractical for them and"},{"startTime":1441.84,"endTime":1448.88,"body":"it's devastating to us because they are nurses. "},{"startTime":1441.84,"endTime":1448.88,"body":"We don't want them somewhere else. They carry"},{"startTime":1448.88,"endTime":1454.4,"body":"this terrible stigma with them throughout. It's a "},{"startTime":1448.88,"endTime":1454.4,"body":"stigma because that's how people have defined it."},{"startTime":1454.4,"endTime":1461.2,"body":"Carry that with them throughout their life and "},{"startTime":1454.4,"endTime":1461.2,"body":"their career and these are basically kids who"},{"startTime":1461.2,"endTime":1467.2,"body":"don't know any different. They've been here their "},{"startTime":1461.2,"endTime":1467.2,"body":"whole life, you know. Yeah. What's your main"},{"startTime":1467.2,"endTime":1474.72,"body":"takeaway for us? What would you like us to take "},{"startTime":1467.2,"endTime":1474.72,"body":"away from the work reading this podcast today?"},{"startTime":1474.72,"endTime":1486.64,"body":"I think two main takeaways. We all know that "},{"startTime":1474.72,"endTime":1486.64,"body":"research informs advocacy. And to my knowledge,"},{"startTime":1486.64,"endTime":1494.72,"body":"my study is the first nursing research done "},{"startTime":1486.64,"endTime":1494.72,"body":"among this population. We also know that"},{"startTime":1494.72,"endTime":1502.8,"body":"evidence motivates change and as nurse educators, "},{"startTime":1494.72,"endTime":1502.8,"body":"we are obligated to be leaders and change agents."},{"startTime":1504.0,"endTime":1515.04,"body":"So I would like to see more research particularly "},{"startTime":1504.0,"endTime":1515.04,"body":"disaggregation of DACA recipients data from other"},{"startTime":1515.04,"endTime":1527.2,"body":"health care professions as well as from other "},{"startTime":1515.04,"endTime":1527.2,"body":"minority nursing populations. For example,"},{"startTime":1527.92,"endTime":1538.72,"body":"I think a great study would be how DACA recipients "},{"startTime":1527.92,"endTime":1538.72,"body":"data differs from other English as second or other"},{"startTime":1538.72,"endTime":1549.84,"body":"language candidates performance on standardized "},{"startTime":1538.72,"endTime":1549.84,"body":"tests because these students have attended the"},{"startTime":1549.84,"endTime":1559.84,"body":"same K12 education that citizen nursing students "},{"startTime":1549.84,"endTime":1559.84,"body":"have attended. They don't have the same barriers."},{"startTime":1559.84,"endTime":1568.96,"body":"So differentiating and disaggregating their data I "},{"startTime":1559.84,"endTime":1568.96,"body":"think would help us evidence the impact that these"},{"startTime":1568.96,"endTime":1581.36,"body":"nurses have on our profession. As far as diversity "},{"startTime":1568.96,"endTime":1581.36,"body":"age, the median age of the population in my sample"},{"startTime":1581.36,"endTime":1593.76,"body":"was 26. We need a younger nursing workforce. "},{"startTime":1581.36,"endTime":1593.76,"body":"Yeah. I had four nations of origin. Mexico,"},{"startTime":1593.76,"endTime":1601.36,"body":"Uruguay, the Philippines, and Korea were "},{"startTime":1593.76,"endTime":1601.36,"body":"represented in my small sample. So I can"},{"startTime":1601.36,"endTime":1610.88,"body":"only imagine the diversity among thousands "},{"startTime":1601.36,"endTime":1610.88,"body":"of DACA recipients who have become nurses."},{"startTime":1611.44,"endTime":1618.96,"body":"So I tell you it was so interesting is when I saw "},{"startTime":1611.44,"endTime":1618.96,"body":"your article and because I haven't seen anything"},{"startTime":1618.96,"endTime":1626.4,"body":"about this topic discussed before in the literature and "},{"startTime":1618.96,"endTime":1626.4,"body":"so I appreciate you so much doing this work and"},{"startTime":1626.4,"endTime":1633.12,"body":"bringing to our attention and I think it's "},{"startTime":1626.4,"endTime":1633.12,"body":"a great read for those who are joining the"},{"startTime":1633.12,"endTime":1640.32,"body":"podcast who haven't read it yet and it's a great "},{"startTime":1633.12,"endTime":1640.32,"body":"reminder on how we always remember to humanize"},{"startTime":1640.32,"endTime":1646.64,"body":"those students and really understand their lived "},{"startTime":1640.32,"endTime":1646.64,"body":"experiences and what is our role in helping them"},{"startTime":1646.64,"endTime":1651.84,"body":"that journey through nursing school is go "},{"startTime":1646.64,"endTime":1651.84,"body":"sometimes beyond the nursing concept itself"},{"startTime":1651.84,"endTime":1657.84,"body":"right and actually being a more active role myself "},{"startTime":1651.84,"endTime":1657.84,"body":"included in better understanding some of these"},{"startTime":1657.84,"endTime":1664.8,"body":"experiences of the student and how we best can "},{"startTime":1657.84,"endTime":1664.8,"body":"assist them. Yes. And again for our listeners, if"},{"startTime":1664.8,"endTime":1669.76,"body":"you have not had the opportunity to read about "},{"startTime":1664.8,"endTime":1669.76,"body":"this work, you will find the manuscript published"},{"startTime":1669.76,"endTime":1675.44,"body":"in Nursing Education Perspectives, The Lived "},{"startTime":1669.76,"endTime":1675.44,"body":"Experience of DACA Recipients Who are US"},{"startTime":1675.44,"endTime":1680.8,"body":"Nursing Program Graduates and Their Pathways "},{"startTime":1675.44,"endTime":1680.8,"body":"to Professional Licensure, A Phenomenological"},{"startTime":1680.8,"endTime":1689.36,"body":"Study. And it will be published in hard copy"},{"startTime":1680.8,"endTime":1689.36,"body":"in the November December issue volume 43, issue 6."},{"startTime":1689.36,"endTime":1695.583,"body":"And I want to thank all of you for joining us for "},{"startTime":1689.36,"endTime":1695.583,"body":"this podcast. Have a wonderful rest of your day."}]}