{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":37.04,"endTime":42.76,"body":"Welcome to this episode of NLN podcast Nursing "},{"startTime":37.04,"endTime":42.76,"body":"EDge Unscripted the scholarship track. I'm  "},{"startTime":42.76,"endTime":47.28,"body":"your host, Dr. Steven Palazzo, a member of "},{"startTime":42.76,"endTime":47.28,"body":"the editorial board for Nursing Education  "},{"startTime":47.28,"endTime":53.24,"body":"Perspectives. Nursing EDge Unscripted in our track "},{"startTime":47.28,"endTime":53.24,"body":"entitled Scholarship celebrates the published work  "},{"startTime":53.24,"endTime":59.04,"body":"of select nurse educators from the NLN's official "},{"startTime":53.24,"endTime":59.04,"body":"journal, Nursing Education Perspectives, and our  "},{"startTime":59.04,"endTime":65.0,"body":"nursing blog, Nursing EDge. The conversations "},{"startTime":59.04,"endTime":65.0,"body":"embrace the author's unique perspectives  "},{"startTime":65.0,"endTime":69.64,"body":"on teaching and learning innovations and the "},{"startTime":65.0,"endTime":69.64,"body":"implications for nursing program development and  "},{"startTime":69.64,"endTime":75.56,"body":"enhancement. In this episode, we will discuss the "},{"startTime":69.64,"endTime":75.56,"body":"difficulty English as additional language students  "},{"startTime":75.56,"endTime":80.96,"body":"encounter with test questions, specifically the "},{"startTime":75.56,"endTime":80.96,"body":"hindrance students experience when trying to  "},{"startTime":80.96,"endTime":86.76,"body":"translate teachers constructed test questions. We "},{"startTime":80.96,"endTime":86.76,"body":"will discuss the perspective of my guest today,  "},{"startTime":86.76,"endTime":91.36,"body":"Dr. Peter Cooper-Lara, the dean teaching and "},{"startTime":86.76,"endTime":91.36,"body":"learning for Chamberlain College of Nursing with  "},{"startTime":91.36,"endTime":97.92,"body":"23 campuses around the country. We will discuss "},{"startTime":91.36,"endTime":97.92,"body":"his article published in the January-February 2024  "},{"startTime":97.92,"endTime":102.96,"body":"issue of Nursing Education Perspectives titled, "},{"startTime":97.92,"endTime":102.96,"body":"\"The Experiences of Nursing Students for Whom  "},{"startTime":102.96,"endTime":110.458,"body":"English is an Additional Language in Preparing for and"},{"startTime":102.96,"endTime":110.458,"body":"Taking Examinations.\" Dr. Cooper-Lara, welcome!"},{"startTime":110.458,"endTime":117.24,"body":"Thank you so much, Dr. Palazzo. I want to"},{"startTime":110.458,"endTime":117.24,"body":"thank you for having me as a guest today to  "},{"startTime":117.24,"endTime":124.84,"body":"discuss what I believe is valuable research "},{"startTime":117.24,"endTime":124.84,"body":"for nurse educators in the higher academic  "},{"startTime":124.84,"endTime":135.08,"body":"learning environment. The purpose of the study "},{"startTime":124.84,"endTime":135.08,"body":"was to gather subjective data by discovering  "},{"startTime":135.08,"endTime":143.0,"body":"common themes related to the experiences "},{"startTime":135.08,"endTime":143.0,"body":"of preparing for and test taking nursing  "},{"startTime":143.0,"endTime":150.927,"body":"examinations, especially from the perspective from "},{"startTime":143.0,"endTime":150.927,"body":"those to whom English is an additional language."},{"startTime":152.2,"endTime":158.96,"body":"So the goal was to investigate those factors "},{"startTime":152.2,"endTime":158.96,"body":"that might influence the outcomes of this  "},{"startTime":158.96,"endTime":166.727,"body":"demographic of test takers who were enrolled in "},{"startTime":158.96,"endTime":166.727,"body":"a pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing program.  "},{"startTime":166.727,"endTime":173.4,"body":"The interest for this research actually was sparked "},{"startTime":166.727,"endTime":173.4,"body":"after a conversation I had with a colleague who  "},{"startTime":173.4,"endTime":181.52,"body":"noted that it seemed as though most of the "},{"startTime":173.4,"endTime":181.52,"body":"exam failures per semester were students  "},{"startTime":181.52,"endTime":189.28,"body":"for whom English was an additional language. So "},{"startTime":181.52,"endTime":189.28,"body":"after some review and some informal discussion  "},{"startTime":189.28,"endTime":198.28,"body":"with the students the assumption was correct, "},{"startTime":189.28,"endTime":198.28,"body":"which led me to conduct this qualitative study. "},{"startTime":198.28,"endTime":206.36,"body":"In the study I conducted one to one interviews "},{"startTime":198.28,"endTime":206.36,"body":"with 16 participants on college campuses from  "},{"startTime":206.36,"endTime":215.52,"body":"three different regions of the United States. "},{"startTime":206.36,"endTime":215.52,"body":"Of the 16 participants, they were from seven  "},{"startTime":215.52,"endTime":225.301,"body":"different countries speaking seven different original"},{"startTime":215.52,"endTime":225.301,"body":"languages before coming to the United  States."},{"startTime":225.301,"endTime":233.36,"body":"Once the data was interpreted and we used a"},{"startTime":225.301,"endTime":233.36,"body":"constant comparative approach, there  "},{"startTime":233.36,"endTime":241.4,"body":"were three primary themes that we identified or "},{"startTime":233.36,"endTime":241.4,"body":"that I identified: those being psychologic factors,  "},{"startTime":241.4,"endTime":250.44,"body":"perseverance, and additional factors affecting "},{"startTime":241.4,"endTime":250.44,"body":"outcomes. If I may, I want to provide a little  "},{"startTime":250.44,"endTime":258.232,"body":"bit of information about the three themes."},{"startTime":250.44,"endTime":258.232,"body":"Sure, please!"},{"startTime":259.114,"endTime":266.204,"body":"Participants identified psychological factors related"},{"startTime":259.114,"endTime":266.204,"body":"to their experiences surrounding test taking"},{"startTime":266.883,"endTime":275.426,"body":"These factors appeared to have the most impact on the"},{"startTime":266.883,"endTime":275.426,"body":"participants with a large number of question"},{"startTime":275.426,"endTime":286.72,"body":"responses related to this theme, especially in the "},{"startTime":275.426,"endTime":286.72,"body":"areas of difficulty focusing, lack of confidence,  "},{"startTime":286.72,"endTime":294.175,"body":"and test anxiety, all related to English"},{"startTime":286.72,"endTime":294.175,"body":"as an additional language."},{"startTime":294.528,"endTime":303.197,"body":"In addition probably to the normal or expected kind of anxiety"},{"startTime":294.528,"endTime":303.197,"body":"and psychological concerns you'd have taking exams."},{"startTime":303.609,"endTime":312.04,"body":"Exactly, which is a point that I'll be talking about a little bit "},{"startTime":303.609,"endTime":312.04,"body":"later. A second theme related to English language  "},{"startTime":312.04,"endTime":321.24,"body":"struggles was noted with additional factors "},{"startTime":312.04,"endTime":321.24,"body":"affecting outcomes such as comprehensibility  "},{"startTime":321.24,"endTime":331.6,"body":"and test item construction. This is important as"},{"startTime":321.24,"endTime":331.6,"body":"test items with extraneous variables can alter  "},{"startTime":331.6,"endTime":340.0,"body":"the meaning of a question. In other words, test "},{"startTime":331.6,"endTime":340.0,"body":"items that contain something irrelevant and  "},{"startTime":340.0,"endTime":347.92,"body":"extraneous variable that affects the outcomes "},{"startTime":340.0,"endTime":347.92,"body":"as those things are irrelevant to the focal  "},{"startTime":347.92,"endTime":357.32,"body":"construct of the question. These are variables that"},{"startTime":347.92,"endTime":357.32,"body":"interfere with reasonable cognitive process  "},{"startTime":357.32,"endTime":364.52,"body":"in a native English speaker, let alone someone "},{"startTime":357.32,"endTime":364.52,"body":"who identifies as an English as an additional  "},{"startTime":364.52,"endTime":371.72,"body":"language learner. Some of the participants noted "},{"startTime":364.52,"endTime":371.72,"body":"that errors in test item construction created  "},{"startTime":371.72,"endTime":379.28,"body":"undue reading comprehension requirements of "},{"startTime":371.72,"endTime":379.28,"body":"a specific test item, which can affect  "},{"startTime":379.28,"endTime":386.317,"body":"the interpretation of the test item as "},{"startTime":379.28,"endTime":386.317,"body":"can be seen in those items that have  "},{"startTime":386.788,"endTime":395.72,"body":"grammatical errors or that have spelling errors "},{"startTime":386.788,"endTime":395.72,"body":"or that even include things like colloquialisms  "},{"startTime":395.72,"endTime":406.24,"body":"or idioms and/or even slang terms. I'll give you"},{"startTime":395.72,"endTime":406.24,"body":"a good example. When I was a novice educator  "},{"startTime":406.24,"endTime":417.68,"body":"in 2011 and I was giving my very first exam and it "},{"startTime":406.24,"endTime":417.68,"body":"included a question and included a slang phrase or  "},{"startTime":417.68,"endTime":423.92,"body":"an idiom, a flight of stairs,  where we were"},{"startTime":417.68,"endTime":423.92,"body":"educating a patient on what they couldn't  "},{"startTime":423.92,"endTime":430.6,"body":"or shouldn't do and I used the term a flight of "},{"startTime":423.92,"endTime":430.6,"body":"stairs and a student raised their hand who was  "},{"startTime":430.6,"endTime":438.56,"body":"obviously someone who identified as an English "},{"startTime":430.6,"endTime":438.56,"body":"language learner and said Professor Cooper-Lara,  "},{"startTime":438.56,"endTime":445.601,"body":"I don't understand this question. And so I read it and"},{"startTime":438.56,"endTime":445.601,"body":"I said so tell me what confuses you about this?"},{"startTime":445.601,"endTime":454.069,"body":"The response was, I can't understand how stairs can be flying."},{"startTime":445.601,"endTime":454.069,"body":"Oh right."},{"startTime":454.069,"endTime":466.68,"body":"So her literal translation was inconceivable to her and"},{"startTime":454.069,"endTime":466.68,"body":"in that sense I provided her with only a 25% of getting  "},{"startTime":466.68,"endTime":472.436,"body":"that question right because she was confused by that one response."},{"startTime":466.68,"endTime":472.436,"body":"Right, right."},{"startTime":472.436,"endTime":478.369,"body":"It could have been the correct or the incorrect response."},{"startTime":472.436,"endTime":478.369,"body":"That was an eye opener for me."},{"startTime":478.369,"endTime":485.2,"body":"Oh for sure yeah and you don't think about that sometimes"},{"startTime":478.369,"endTime":485.2,"body":"when you're constructing those questions.  "},{"startTime":487.717,"endTime":494.703,"body":"Sure, I've seen in reviewing exam questions at "},{"startTime":487.717,"endTime":494.703,"body":"times especially like for a leadership  "},{"startTime":494.703,"endTime":508.32,"body":"course where the faculty is trying to note that"},{"startTime":494.703,"endTime":508.32,"body":"two nurses on the unit or a manager and  "},{"startTime":508.32,"endTime":516.76,"body":"a nurse on the unit aren't getting along and the term "},{"startTime":508.32,"endTime":516.76,"body":"\"rubs me the wrong way\" was used in referring to one  "},{"startTime":516.76,"endTime":521.32,"body":"of the other people. \"I can't with work with her, she "},{"startTime":516.76,"endTime":521.32,"body":"rubs me the wrong way.\" Well, if you think about  "},{"startTime":521.32,"endTime":528.194,"body":"the literal interpretation how that could confuse somebody"},{"startTime":521.32,"endTime":528.194,"body":"who's trying to translate that back and forth "},{"startTime":528.194,"endTime":533.28,"body":"into their language to understand what exactly that means."},{"startTime":528.194,"endTime":533.28,"body":"Oh, great point, great point.  "},{"startTime":533.28,"endTime":537.193,"body":"I think we forget about that a lot of times when "},{"startTime":533.28,"endTime":537.193,"body":"we're constructing these questions."},{"startTime":537.193,"endTime":545.52,"body":"We do and I counsel faculty all the time. As a dean "},{"startTime":537.193,"endTime":545.52,"body":"of teaching and learning, my priority job is to  "},{"startTime":545.52,"endTime":550.24,"body":"orient faculty and make them the best faculty that "},{"startTime":545.52,"endTime":550.24,"body":"they possibly can and continue with their faculty  "},{"startTime":550.24,"endTime":557.4,"body":"development and when I talked to them about being "},{"startTime":550.24,"endTime":557.4,"body":"culturally responsive and thinking as an English  "},{"startTime":557.4,"endTime":563.4,"body":"language learner student when they're reviewing "},{"startTime":557.4,"endTime":563.4,"body":"their lecture content and their PowerPoint slides  "},{"startTime":563.4,"endTime":573.84,"body":"and their exams, I have them think about from "},{"startTime":563.4,"endTime":573.84,"body":"the perspective of that English language learner. "},{"startTime":573.84,"endTime":579.96,"body":"How would they feel if they were faced with that "},{"startTime":573.84,"endTime":579.96,"body":"knowing that they only had a 25% chance of getting  "},{"startTime":579.96,"endTime":590.24,"body":"that question right? What if they failed that "},{"startTime":579.96,"endTime":590.24,"body":"exam by that one question? What if that  "},{"startTime":590.24,"endTime":600.32,"body":"exam was their second failure within that course? "},{"startTime":590.24,"endTime":600.32,"body":"What if that course they then failed was  "},{"startTime":600.32,"endTime":607.623,"body":"their second failure in a nursing program and now"},{"startTime":600.32,"endTime":607.623,"body":"they're no longer enrolled in that nursing program?"},{"startTime":608.299,"endTime":611.492,"body":"All came down to one question."},{"startTime":608.299,"endTime":611.492,"body":"All came down to one question."},{"startTime":612.344,"endTime":615.873,"body":"Something to really think about"},{"startTime":612.344,"endTime":615.873,"body":"and review as a nurse educator."},{"startTime":617.284,"endTime":619.988,"body":"Well, tell me a little bit why you were immersed in this issue  "},{"startTime":619.988,"endTime":625.88,"body":"and really doing some deep dive and research into "},{"startTime":619.988,"endTime":625.88,"body":"the literature. What did you learn about English  "},{"startTime":625.88,"endTime":629.84,"body":"as additional language students that you didn't "},{"startTime":625.88,"endTime":629.84,"body":"know previously or that maybe surprised you?  "},{"startTime":630.927,"endTime":640.24,"body":"There were a few things actually. The first was the "},{"startTime":630.927,"endTime":640.24,"body":"participants were very, very vocal in sharing  "},{"startTime":640.24,"endTime":649.04,"body":"their experiences and I found that very refreshing. "},{"startTime":640.24,"endTime":649.04,"body":"These students identifying this research as an  "},{"startTime":649.04,"endTime":654.272,"body":"opportunity for making a difference in nursing education."},{"startTime":649.04,"endTime":654.272,"body":"Nice."},{"startTime":654.272,"endTime":660.258,"body":"And one where their experiences "},{"startTime":654.272,"endTime":660.258,"body":"can be viewed as unique"},{"startTime":660.258,"endTime":668.687,"body":"when compared to their native english-speaking"},{"startTime":660.258,"endTime":668.687,"body":"peers. So that aside, I was pleased with"},{"startTime":668.687,"endTime":676.644,"body":"their candid responses, especially when referencing"},{"startTime":668.687,"endTime":676.644,"body":"test item construction and their experiences with lecture."},{"startTime":676.644,"endTime":683.857,"body":"So one participant in particular shared their"},{"startTime":676.644,"endTime":683.857,"body":"experience when asking faculty a question"},{"startTime":683.857,"endTime":689.28,"body":"that was related to lecture content."},{"startTime":683.857,"endTime":689.28,"body":"The student was having some difficulty"},{"startTime":689.28,"endTime":697.0,"body":"stating their question clearly in English and"},{"startTime":689.28,"endTime":697.0,"body":"they were taking time in expressing their self  "},{"startTime":697.0,"endTime":707.16,"body":"and the faculty cut them off and offered an answer "},{"startTime":697.0,"endTime":707.16,"body":"based on an assumption of the intended question  "},{"startTime":707.16,"endTime":713.4,"body":"and unfortunately, the faculty response was "},{"startTime":707.16,"endTime":713.4,"body":"unrelated to the student's question and the intent  "},{"startTime":713.4,"endTime":720.64,"body":"of the student's question and it resulted in the "},{"startTime":713.4,"endTime":720.64,"body":"student feeling not only unsupported but it also  "},{"startTime":720.64,"endTime":726.229,"body":"led to diminished participation in future lectures. "},{"startTime":720.64,"endTime":726.229,"body":"Sure. You felt like you weren't heard."},{"startTime":726.229,"endTime":733.953,"body":"That's right. And at that moment creates the "},{"startTime":726.229,"endTime":733.953,"body":"inequity in the learning environment.  "},{"startTime":735.518,"endTime":744.2,"body":"The participants discussed a difficulty with"},{"startTime":735.518,"endTime":744.2,"body":"comprehension. They highlighted factors that  "},{"startTime":744.2,"endTime":751.44,"body":"affect the focus and clarity of questions. For "},{"startTime":744.2,"endTime":751.44,"body":"instance, noting that in the construction of  "},{"startTime":751.44,"endTime":760.16,"body":"test items one misplaced comma, one period, "},{"startTime":751.44,"endTime":760.16,"body":"one quotation in the wrong place and even  "},{"startTime":760.16,"endTime":768.8,"body":"word typos for them altered the meaning and "},{"startTime":760.16,"endTime":768.8,"body":"challenged their understanding especially  "},{"startTime":768.8,"endTime":773.56,"body":"when attempting to translate the question "},{"startTime":768.8,"endTime":773.56,"body":"into their native language to help with that"},{"startTime":773.56,"endTime":784.28,"body":"comprehension. They noted that the issue"},{"startTime":773.56,"endTime":784.28,"body":"wasn't only with them and their  "},{"startTime":784.28,"endTime":790.07,"body":"language, but they understood how that could "},{"startTime":784.28,"endTime":790.07,"body":"also affect native English speakers."},{"startTime":790.8,"endTime":792.0,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":792.0,"endTime":798.04,"body":"They also noted that the issue wasn't only "},{"startTime":792.0,"endTime":798.04,"body":"with English-speaking faculty, but also with  "},{"startTime":798.04,"endTime":806.0,"body":"those faculty who generated exams who "},{"startTime":798.04,"endTime":806.0,"body":"were themselves English as additional  "},{"startTime":806.0,"endTime":813.56,"body":"language persons. And I think the best "},{"startTime":806.0,"endTime":813.56,"body":"way to really convey the experiences is  "},{"startTime":813.56,"endTime":822.12,"body":"through direct quotes from the participants. In "},{"startTime":813.56,"endTime":822.12,"body":"these direct quotes you'll note that they are,  "},{"startTime":822.12,"endTime":827.68,"body":"they're not grammatically correct. You'll note "},{"startTime":822.12,"endTime":827.68,"body":"the difficulties that these participants have  "},{"startTime":827.68,"endTime":834.04,"body":"with the English language. For instance, one "},{"startTime":827.68,"endTime":834.04,"body":"of the participants, number 13, stated about  "},{"startTime":834.6,"endTime":842.84,"body":"the exam questions themselves. \"It was a lot "},{"startTime":834.6,"endTime":842.84,"body":"of typos that really threw me off. I get very  "},{"startTime":842.84,"endTime":851.44,"body":"anxious and immediately, I mean, I guess because "},{"startTime":842.84,"endTime":851.44,"body":"it's typos I'm like, whoa. For me it's very...that  "},{"startTime":851.44,"endTime":859.24,"body":"creates a difference in my confidence. It creates "},{"startTime":851.44,"endTime":859.24,"body":"a difference in my...like I start doubting myself.  "},{"startTime":859.24,"endTime":867.84,"body":"It has to be my grammar is no great, but when "},{"startTime":859.24,"endTime":867.84,"body":"I read it if the grammar is wrong it throw me  "},{"startTime":867.84,"endTime":872.268,"body":"off, if that makes sense.\""},{"startTime":867.84,"endTime":872.268,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":873.147,"endTime":876.799,"body":"\"A lot of teachers are foreign  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":876.799,"endTime":884.4,"body":"as well and when you're foreign and you're gonna "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":876.799,"endTime":884.4,"body":"teach and you're gonna do a test, you have to  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":884.4,"endTime":892.04,"body":"proofread the test, like, you have to submit "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":884.4,"endTime":892.04,"body":"it to people who knows grammar to read the  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":892.04,"endTime":898.6,"body":"test so that way it don't change the meaning. "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":892.04,"endTime":898.6,"body":"For me it's something else.\" Those are powerful  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":898.6,"endTime":905.6,"body":"words I think, coming straight from those test takers."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":898.6,"endTime":905.6,"body":"What an opportunity for them, though, to  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":905.6,"endTime":911.92,"body":"feel safe enough in this study and empowering "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":905.6,"endTime":911.92,"body":"them to provide this type of feedback that will  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":911.92,"endTime":921.811,"body":"be beneficial hopefully to others down the road. And see,"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":911.92,"endTime":921.811,"body":"I just used down the road, right? A great example there."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":921.811,"endTime":927.776,"body":"That is and you're exactly right. Like I said earlier,"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":921.811,"endTime":927.776,"body":"I was so grateful with their candid responses."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":927.776,"endTime":934.685,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":927.776,"endTime":934.685,"body":"And that they just felt free to offer all of this valuable information"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":934.685,"endTime":942.0,"body":"to help nurse educators open their eyes and realize what"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":934.685,"endTime":942.0,"body":"some of these struggles are these students are going through. "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":942.741,"endTime":945.48,"body":"Well, it's a testament to the safety,"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":942.741,"endTime":945.48,"body":"the safe environment you created so"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":945.48,"endTime":950.28,"body":"were able to do that and feel that they could be "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":945.48,"endTime":950.28,"body":"very forthcoming and honest with you so that's  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":950.84,"endTime":957.68,"body":"wonderful. So what strategies would you recommend "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":950.84,"endTime":957.68,"body":"a college of nursing can implement to increase the  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":957.68,"endTime":963.56,"body":"equity of the test administration? So you had some "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":957.68,"endTime":963.56,"body":"recommendations in your study of course, but what  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":963.56,"endTime":968.484,"body":"do you think one or two takeaways would be for someone"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":963.56,"endTime":968.484,"body":"listening to the podcast that they can consider"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":968.484,"endTime":978.438,"body":"right now going back and constructing their exam?"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":968.484,"endTime":978.438,"body":"I think there are two. Probably the most important"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":978.438,"endTime":983.614,"body":"is peer review of your exams, but not only"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":978.438,"endTime":983.614,"body":"peer review of your exams, it's peer review"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":983.614,"endTime":989.64,"body":"and I know, I understand, I realize it takes time,"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":983.614,"endTime":989.64,"body":"but peer review of lecture materials,  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":989.64,"endTime":997.24,"body":"peer review of assignments that are being created, "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":989.64,"endTime":997.24,"body":"peer review of case studies that are being done in  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":997.24,"endTime":1005.92,"body":"a classroom where again, in a leadership course "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":997.24,"endTime":1005.92,"body":"you might have a scenario or a situation where  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1005.92,"endTime":1011.08,"body":"that type of idiom comes up that says \"rubs me "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1005.92,"endTime":1011.08,"body":"the wrong way\" and not even realizing thinking  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1011.08,"endTime":1016.96,"body":"that the students, every student in the classroom "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1011.08,"endTime":1016.96,"body":"is going to understand exactly what that means.  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1016.96,"endTime":1026.68,"body":"I think looking at those resources and really "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1016.96,"endTime":1026.68,"body":"scrutinizing them, making sure that there are no  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1026.68,"endTime":1034.12,"body":"grammatical errors, that there are no typos, that "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1026.68,"endTime":1034.12,"body":"periods and and commas are exactly where they  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1034.12,"endTime":1041.32,"body":"need to be. You know, as a native English speaker, "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1034.12,"endTime":1041.32,"body":"we might not realize, oh, well that comma is in  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1041.32,"endTime":1046.92,"body":"the wrong spot and just keep going and it wouldn't "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1041.32,"endTime":1046.92,"body":"affect us at all, but knowing that somebody who's  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1046.92,"endTime":1055.24,"body":"trying to translate something that comma is "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1046.92,"endTime":1055.24,"body":"a pause in that sentence and how that pause  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1055.24,"endTime":1064.24,"body":"might affect that interpretation with somebody who "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1055.24,"endTime":1064.24,"body":"identifies as an English language learner. Secondly,  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1064.24,"endTime":1074.64,"body":"what's really important too is I think campuses "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1064.24,"endTime":1074.64,"body":"can create their own organization. It's  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1074.64,"endTime":1082.52,"body":"important for them to have their own committee "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1074.64,"endTime":1082.52,"body":"where they look at from a faculty perspective,  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1082.52,"endTime":1090.64,"body":"from a campus leadership perspective, what can "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1082.52,"endTime":1090.64,"body":"we do to ensure equity in our classroom between  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1090.64,"endTime":1096.16,"body":"English language learners and native English "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1090.64,"endTime":1096.16,"body":"speakers? But not only from their perspective.  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1096.16,"endTime":1103.0,"body":"It's important that they also include those "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1096.16,"endTime":1103.0,"body":"English language learner students to find out  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1103.0,"endTime":1111.48,"body":"from them the resources they need, what will help "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1103.0,"endTime":1111.48,"body":"them to be successful and feel that they're in  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1111.48,"endTime":1117.846,"body":"a more equitable learning environment."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1111.48,"endTime":1117.846,"body":"Bring the stakeholders into the conversation."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1117.846,"endTime":1123.227,"body":"Exactly."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1117.846,"endTime":1123.227,"body":"Yeah. That's a great point."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1123.227,"endTime":1128.252,"body":"Any final points you want to make,"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1123.227,"endTime":1128.252,"body":"anything you want to clarify or expound on?"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1129.021,"endTime":1133.529,"body":"You know, I would just say the one last"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1129.021,"endTime":1133.529,"body":"thing that I found surprising about  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1133.529,"endTime":1139.68,"body":"these students was their perseverance, which "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1133.529,"endTime":1139.68,"body":"actually was the third theme identified in the  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1139.68,"endTime":1150.72,"body":"research. These students were not going to fail. "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1139.68,"endTime":1150.72,"body":"Failure was not an option for them and what they  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1150.72,"endTime":1160.92,"body":"found pride in was having something associated "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1150.72,"endTime":1160.92,"body":"to their name, which I found very interesting. "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1160.92,"endTime":1170.44,"body":"So to have their name - Peter Cooper-Lara, RN was "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1160.92,"endTime":1170.44,"body":"important to them. They wanted that not only for "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1170.44,"endTime":1178.831,"body":"themselves but they wanted it for something for "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1170.44,"endTime":1178.831,"body":"their kids and their family to be proud of as well. "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1178.831,"endTime":1187.84,"body":"They also saw it as something that nobody can"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1178.831,"endTime":1187.84,"body":"take away from them that really led to that - I  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1187.84,"endTime":1195.12,"body":"accomplished this, this is mine, and I'm proud of "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1187.84,"endTime":1195.12,"body":"what I've done, and nothing is going to get in  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1195.12,"endTime":1200.777,"body":"my way of failure. I loved that."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1195.12,"endTime":1200.777,"body":"That's a great way to end it on."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1200.777,"endTime":1204.676,"body":"I want to thank you so much for joining us"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1200.777,"endTime":1204.676,"body":"for this important conversation."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1204.676,"endTime":1208.2,"body":"I really appreciate your time Dr. Cooper-Lara and  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1208.2,"endTime":1213.48,"body":"broadening our understanding of the work and"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1208.2,"endTime":1213.48,"body":"where we can begin to introduce this into our "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1213.48,"endTime":1218.84,"body":"classrooms or courses, take a better look at our "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1213.48,"endTime":1218.84,"body":"examinations, the way we're testing our students,  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1218.84,"endTime":1223.84,"body":"looking for inclusive language and"},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1218.84,"endTime":1223.84,"body":"making sure that our questions  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1223.84,"endTime":1229.92,"body":"and things are unbiased and really are taking "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1223.84,"endTime":1229.92,"body":"into consideration English an additional language  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1229.92,"endTime":1236.24,"body":"students when we're doing this. To our listeners if "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1229.92,"endTime":1236.24,"body":"you've not had the opportunity to read the article  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1236.24,"endTime":1241.48,"body":"please take a look at the work, \"The Experiences of "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1236.24,"endTime":1241.48,"body":"Nursing Students for Whom English is an Additional  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1241.48,"endTime":1248.52,"body":"Language in Preparing for and Taking Examinations.\" "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1241.48,"endTime":1248.52,"body":"That's in the January February 2024 issue. Again,  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1248.52,"endTime":1254.4,"body":"I want to thank you for your time Dr. Cooper-Lara. "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1248.52,"endTime":1254.4,"body":"It's been a great conversation and look forward to  "},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1254.4,"endTime":1259.094,"body":"hearing more from you about this."},{"speaker":"And an additional participant said","startTime":1254.4,"endTime":1259.094,"body":"Thank you Dr. Palazzo. Have a great rest of your day."}]}