{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":36.8,"endTime":43.44,"body":"Welcome to this episode of Nursing EDge Unscripted "},{"startTime":36.8,"endTime":43.44,"body":"Saga where we journey through the history of  "},{"startTime":43.44,"endTime":49.76,"body":"nursing education using stories that connect the "},{"startTime":43.44,"endTime":49.76,"body":"past to the present and then our future as we  "},{"startTime":49.76,"endTime":56.32,"body":"reimagine our teaching and learning. June is the "},{"startTime":49.76,"endTime":56.32,"body":"birth month of the National League for Nursing.  "},{"startTime":56.88,"endTime":66.96,"body":"On June 15, 16, and 17 in 1893 at the Chicago "},{"startTime":56.88,"endTime":66.96,"body":"World's fair 16 superintendents of training  "},{"startTime":66.96,"endTime":74.08,"body":"schools for nurses met in the Hall of Columbus in "},{"startTime":66.96,"endTime":74.08,"body":"the Women's Building to form the American Society  "},{"startTime":74.08,"endTime":81.2,"body":"of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses. "},{"startTime":74.08,"endTime":81.2,"body":"The birth of the society as the organization was  "},{"startTime":81.2,"endTime":89.28,"body":"called marked the beginning of organized nursing "},{"startTime":81.2,"endTime":89.28,"body":"in the US. This is part one of that story:  "},{"startTime":89.28,"endTime":96.56,"body":"a monumental gathering a story that tells the "},{"startTime":89.28,"endTime":96.56,"body":"saga of how organized nursing in the United States  "},{"startTime":96.56,"endTime":105.6,"body":"shaped a new world of reform and professional "},{"startTime":96.56,"endTime":105.6,"body":"transformation over the next century. To fully  "},{"startTime":105.6,"endTime":113.04,"body":"understand the importance of the society, let's "},{"startTime":105.6,"endTime":113.04,"body":"go back to 1873 when nurses training began in  "},{"startTime":113.04,"endTime":121.36,"body":"America. In that year three Nightingale-influenced "},{"startTime":113.04,"endTime":121.36,"body":"schools opened: the Bellevue Training School  "},{"startTime":121.36,"endTime":126.48,"body":"for Nurses in New York, the Connecticut "},{"startTime":121.36,"endTime":126.48,"body":"Training School for Nurses at New Haven,  "},{"startTime":126.48,"endTime":133.2,"body":"and the Boston Training School of Nurses at "},{"startTime":126.48,"endTime":133.2,"body":"Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. For  "},{"startTime":133.2,"endTime":139.92,"body":"the next two decades there was tremendous growth "},{"startTime":133.2,"endTime":139.92,"body":"in nursing education. The value of trained nurses  "},{"startTime":139.92,"endTime":147.28,"body":"caring for the sick was recognized by hospitals "},{"startTime":139.92,"endTime":147.28,"body":"who welcomed the free labor of \"pupil\"  "},{"startTime":148.56,"endTime":158.32,"body":"nurses. By 1890 there were 35 schools and 1500 "},{"startTime":148.56,"endTime":158.32,"body":"pupil nurses in the United States, but despite  "},{"startTime":158.32,"endTime":165.04,"body":"Ms. Nightingale's influence, training schools were "},{"startTime":158.32,"endTime":165.04,"body":"being opened without consideration for standards  "},{"startTime":165.04,"endTime":172.96,"body":"and curricula lacked rigor and criteria. Isabel "},{"startTime":165.04,"endTime":172.96,"body":"Hampton, superintendent at the Johns Hopkins  "},{"startTime":172.96,"endTime":179.12,"body":"Training School in Baltimore, was asked to gather "},{"startTime":172.96,"endTime":179.12,"body":"a group of superintendents of training schools  "},{"startTime":179.12,"endTime":183.84,"body":"to come to Chicago and discuss their "},{"startTime":179.12,"endTime":183.84,"body":"common experiences and the need for reform.  "},{"startTime":184.8,"endTime":190.8,"body":"These leaders developed bylaws and set three "},{"startTime":184.8,"endTime":190.8,"body":"objectives to guide their inaugural work:  "},{"startTime":191.92,"endTime":199.52,"body":"one - to promote fellowship of members; two - "},{"startTime":191.92,"endTime":199.52,"body":"to establish and maintain a universal standard  "},{"startTime":199.52,"endTime":206.64,"body":"of training; and three - to further the best "},{"startTime":199.52,"endTime":206.64,"body":"interests of the nursing profession. During  "},{"startTime":206.64,"endTime":212.32,"body":"the early years the society faced opposition "},{"startTime":206.64,"endTime":212.32,"body":"from physicians who objected to nursing's  "},{"startTime":212.32,"endTime":218.88,"body":"growing self-governance. The belief at that "},{"startTime":212.32,"endTime":218.88,"body":"time was that nursing, often considered to be  "},{"startTime":218.88,"endTime":226.88,"body":"a role women were born to, did not require formal "},{"startTime":218.88,"endTime":226.88,"body":"training or education. By forming the society,  "},{"startTime":226.88,"endTime":233.84,"body":"the superintendents collectively worked to "},{"startTime":226.88,"endTime":233.84,"body":"counteract the external control exerted by  "},{"startTime":233.84,"endTime":239.84,"body":"those who inhibited the profession's growth. "},{"startTime":233.84,"endTime":239.84,"body":"Power through organization remained a central  "},{"startTime":240.4,"endTime":247.36,"body":"unifying theme. They organized so that each "},{"startTime":240.4,"endTime":247.36,"body":"superintendent did not face this opposition  "},{"startTime":247.36,"endTime":254.88,"body":"alone. Through their efforts, the society worked "},{"startTime":247.36,"endTime":254.88,"body":"to overcome the tarnished image of untrained,  "},{"startTime":254.88,"endTime":262.96,"body":"unkempt, and uneducated nurses, a belief that "},{"startTime":254.88,"endTime":262.96,"body":"was widely embraced in the early 20th century.  "},{"startTime":264.32,"endTime":270.56,"body":"An advertisement to recruit trainees for admission "},{"startTime":264.32,"endTime":270.56,"body":"to the newly formed schools of nursing proclaimed  "},{"startTime":271.12,"endTime":278.96,"body":"\"sentimental women need not apply.\" In this way, "},{"startTime":271.12,"endTime":278.96,"body":"the superintendents hoped to emphasize discipline  "},{"startTime":278.96,"endTime":285.52,"body":"and rigor, which was integral to the new training "},{"startTime":278.96,"endTime":285.52,"body":"curricula. As they experimented with new universal  "},{"startTime":285.52,"endTime":291.6,"body":"standards of conduct and practice, the training "},{"startTime":285.52,"endTime":291.6,"body":"school sought women who were willing to devote  "},{"startTime":291.6,"endTime":297.76,"body":"their energies to nursing study and professional "},{"startTime":291.6,"endTime":297.76,"body":"growth. The training schools were interested in  "},{"startTime":297.76,"endTime":305.36,"body":"the quality of life for students and graduates and "},{"startTime":297.76,"endTime":305.36,"body":"sought better conditions for both and in doing so,  "},{"startTime":305.36,"endTime":311.76,"body":"made significant contributions to the growth of "},{"startTime":305.36,"endTime":311.76,"body":"the nursing profession and its acceptance by the  "},{"startTime":311.76,"endTime":320.16,"body":"American public as a worthy and noble role for "},{"startTime":311.76,"endTime":320.16,"body":"women. These early pathfinders led with purpose  "},{"startTime":320.16,"endTime":327.12,"body":"and tenacity to co-create a transformative future "},{"startTime":320.16,"endTime":327.12,"body":"for the nursing profession. Just listen to how  "},{"startTime":327.12,"endTime":334.08,"body":"their work shaped modern nursing. In 1897, "},{"startTime":327.12,"endTime":334.08,"body":"members of the society recognized the need  "},{"startTime":334.08,"endTime":340.24,"body":"for an organization of graduates of training "},{"startTime":334.08,"endTime":340.24,"body":"schools. They formed a second organization,  "},{"startTime":340.24,"endTime":347.28,"body":"the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United "},{"startTime":340.24,"endTime":347.28,"body":"States, with the primary goal to improve the  "},{"startTime":347.28,"endTime":354.72,"body":"practice of nursing. As early as 1900 the "},{"startTime":347.28,"endTime":354.72,"body":"Associated alumnae recognized the need to  "},{"startTime":354.72,"endTime":361.2,"body":"disseminate clinical practice standards and "},{"startTime":354.72,"endTime":361.2,"body":"the American Journal of Nursing was founded  "},{"startTime":362.32,"endTime":369.6,"body":"in 1911. The Associated Alumnae changed "},{"startTime":362.32,"endTime":369.6,"body":"its name to the American Nurses Association  "},{"startTime":370.16,"endTime":375.84,"body":"with the focus on leading the profession to shape "},{"startTime":370.16,"endTime":375.84,"body":"the future of nursing practice and health care  "},{"startTime":376.56,"endTime":384.0,"body":"simultaneously. Members of the society recognized "},{"startTime":376.56,"endTime":384.0,"body":"the need to focus their work on curriculum reform.  "},{"startTime":384.0,"endTime":391.76,"body":"They opened membership to faculty in schools "},{"startTime":384.0,"endTime":391.76,"body":"of nursing and in 1912 renamed the society  "},{"startTime":391.76,"endTime":398.08,"body":"the National League of Nursing Education. The "},{"startTime":391.76,"endTime":398.08,"body":"name would change again to the National League  "},{"startTime":398.08,"endTime":406.72,"body":"for Nursing in 1952 as members acknowledged the "},{"startTime":398.08,"endTime":406.72,"body":"need to broaden membership to practice partners  "},{"startTime":406.72,"endTime":412.8,"body":"in the pursuit of quality education standards "},{"startTime":406.72,"endTime":412.8,"body":"that are fully informed by clinical standards.  "},{"startTime":413.6,"endTime":419.84,"body":"Extraordinary leadership is the essence of this "},{"startTime":413.6,"endTime":419.84,"body":"story. Throughout the history of the society,  "},{"startTime":419.84,"endTime":425.92,"body":"the influence of innovative and thoughtful "},{"startTime":419.84,"endTime":425.92,"body":"leaders in accomplishing transformative change  "},{"startTime":425.92,"endTime":433.04,"body":"in building a solid future for professional "},{"startTime":425.92,"endTime":433.04,"body":"nursing cannot be minimized. We are truly  "},{"startTime":433.04,"endTime":439.52,"body":"in their debt. In part two of this story we "},{"startTime":433.04,"endTime":439.52,"body":"will expand on the history of the National  "},{"startTime":439.52,"endTime":446.32,"body":"League of Nursing Education and focus on the "},{"startTime":439.52,"endTime":446.32,"body":"emergence of contemporary nursing education.  "},{"startTime":448.08,"endTime":453.52,"body":"For more information about the history of "},{"startTime":448.08,"endTime":453.52,"body":"the NLN please visit the NLN archives at  "},{"startTime":453.52,"endTime":460.08,"body":"the Bates Center for the History of Nursing at "},{"startTime":453.52,"endTime":460.08,"body":"the University of Pennsylvania. Additionally,  "},{"startTime":460.08,"endTime":468.0,"body":"go to \"About the NLN\" on the NLN website and "},{"startTime":460.08,"endTime":468.0,"body":"look for the section on \"History of the NLN.\" "},{"startTime":469.44,"endTime":476.16,"body":"And so the saga continues and may our "},{"startTime":469.44,"endTime":476.16,"body":"saga continue as we bring to a close  "},{"startTime":476.16,"endTime":482.64,"body":"this episode of Nursing EDge Unscripted "},{"startTime":476.16,"endTime":482.64,"body":"Saga. Thank you for joining us"}]}