{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":36.56,"endTime":43.12,"body":"Welcome to this episode of Nursing EDge Unscripted "},{"startTime":36.56,"endTime":43.12,"body":"Saga where we journey through the history of  "},{"startTime":43.12,"endTime":49.6,"body":"nursing education using stories that connect the "},{"startTime":43.12,"endTime":49.6,"body":"past to the present and then our future as we  "},{"startTime":49.6,"endTime":56.8,"body":"reimagine our teaching and learning. September "},{"startTime":49.6,"endTime":56.8,"body":"is the birth month of Dr. Hildegard Peplau, an  "},{"startTime":56.8,"endTime":63.52,"body":"imaginative innovator who left an indelible stamp "},{"startTime":56.8,"endTime":63.52,"body":"on the theory and practice of psychiatric nursing.  "},{"startTime":64.24,"endTime":70.16,"body":"Known as the mother of psychiatric nursing, "},{"startTime":64.24,"endTime":70.16,"body":"she dedicated her life to the redefinition  "},{"startTime":70.16,"endTime":77.84,"body":"and expansion of nursing service for psychiatric "},{"startTime":70.16,"endTime":77.84,"body":"patients. She pioneered graduate education for  "},{"startTime":77.84,"endTime":83.76,"body":"clinical specialties in nursing. There is "},{"startTime":77.84,"endTime":83.76,"body":"no doubt that she led psychiatric nursing  "},{"startTime":83.76,"endTime":91.36,"body":"from the confinement of providing custodial care "},{"startTime":83.76,"endTime":91.36,"body":"in public mental health hospitals to theory-driven  "},{"startTime":91.36,"endTime":100.32,"body":"professional practice. Dr. Peplau was born in "},{"startTime":91.36,"endTime":100.32,"body":"1909 in Pennsylvania. In the early 1990s, Dr.  "},{"startTime":100.32,"endTime":107.44,"body":"Barbara Callaway spent three months interviewing "},{"startTime":100.32,"endTime":107.44,"body":"Dr Peplau to learn about her childhood and her  "},{"startTime":107.44,"endTime":114.16,"body":"remarkable career. Through interviews, Dr. "},{"startTime":107.44,"endTime":114.16,"body":"Peplau described her family as patriarchal  "},{"startTime":114.16,"endTime":122.32,"body":"and strict. Her parents had emigrated from Poland "},{"startTime":114.16,"endTime":122.32,"body":"and tried to instill long-held traditional beliefs  "},{"startTime":122.32,"endTime":130.08,"body":"about women's work. Hildegard identified that she "},{"startTime":122.32,"endTime":130.08,"body":"was strong-willed and the family rebel and early  "},{"startTime":130.08,"endTime":138.24,"body":"on she made the decision that unlike her peers. "},{"startTime":130.08,"endTime":138.24,"body":"She would pursue an education and a career. After  "},{"startTime":138.24,"endTime":144.88,"body":"graduating from high school, her parents assumed "},{"startTime":138.24,"endTime":144.88,"body":"she would marry but hildegard had other ideas and  "},{"startTime":144.88,"endTime":154.0,"body":"left her home to attend Pottstown Hospital School "},{"startTime":144.88,"endTime":154.0,"body":"of Nursing in Pennsylvania. She graduated in 1931.  "},{"startTime":155.12,"endTime":162.08,"body":"Upon graduation, she again rebelled and did not "},{"startTime":155.12,"endTime":162.08,"body":"continue along the traditional path to hospital  "},{"startTime":162.08,"endTime":169.12,"body":"and private duty nursing. Instead, she found a "},{"startTime":162.08,"endTime":169.12,"body":"position as a staff nurse at Bennington College in  "},{"startTime":169.12,"endTime":177.28,"body":"Vermont and was quickly recognized by the college "},{"startTime":169.12,"endTime":177.28,"body":"president as a woman of great intellect. He waived  "},{"startTime":177.28,"endTime":184.8,"body":"admission requirements and she was accepted as a "},{"startTime":177.28,"endTime":184.8,"body":"degree student with a major in psychology. This  "},{"startTime":184.8,"endTime":191.44,"body":"was a time when very few women of her background "},{"startTime":184.8,"endTime":191.44,"body":"and virtually no nurses went to college.  "},{"startTime":192.72,"endTime":201.36,"body":"After she graduated with a bachelor's degree "},{"startTime":192.72,"endTime":201.36,"body":"World War II was underway and from 1943 to 1945  "},{"startTime":201.36,"endTime":208.32,"body":"she joined the US Army Nurse Corps serving in "},{"startTime":201.36,"endTime":208.32,"body":"England where she pioneered innovative approaches  "},{"startTime":208.32,"endTime":214.72,"body":"to treating emotionally scarred soldiers. "},{"startTime":208.32,"endTime":214.72,"body":"Following the war, she utilized the GI bill  "},{"startTime":214.72,"endTime":221.92,"body":"to seize the opportunity to pursue a master's and "},{"startTime":214.72,"endTime":221.92,"body":"doctorate degree at Columbia University Teachers  "},{"startTime":221.92,"endTime":230.0,"body":"College in New York City, defying again the usual "},{"startTime":221.92,"endTime":230.0,"body":"path of many women who returned from the war,  "},{"startTime":230.0,"endTime":236.72,"body":"married, and started a family. This rebelliousness "},{"startTime":230.0,"endTime":236.72,"body":"and refusal to accept the status quo  "},{"startTime":236.72,"endTime":244.64,"body":"would define her professional life. In 1948 she "},{"startTime":236.72,"endTime":244.64,"body":"wrote, \"Interpersonal Relations in Nursing,\"  "},{"startTime":245.28,"endTime":252.56,"body":"her seminal work that emphasized the nurse-patient "},{"startTime":245.28,"endTime":252.56,"body":"relationship holding that this relationship was  "},{"startTime":252.56,"endTime":260.32,"body":"the foundation of not only psychiatric nursing "},{"startTime":252.56,"endTime":260.32,"body":"practice but all nursing practice. Publication  "},{"startTime":260.32,"endTime":267.12,"body":"took four additional years mainly because Dr. "},{"startTime":260.32,"endTime":267.12,"body":"Peplau had authored a scholarly work without a  "},{"startTime":267.12,"endTime":275.52,"body":"co-authoring physician, which was unheard of for "},{"startTime":267.12,"endTime":275.52,"body":"a nurse in the 1950s. At the time her research  "},{"startTime":275.52,"endTime":282.32,"body":"and emphasis on the give and take of nurse client "},{"startTime":275.52,"endTime":282.32,"body":"relationships was seen by many as revolutionary.  "},{"startTime":283.12,"endTime":291.2,"body":"The essence of Dr. Peplau's theory was creation "},{"startTime":283.12,"endTime":291.2,"body":"of a shared experience between nurse and client  "},{"startTime":291.2,"endTime":297.36,"body":"as opposed to the client passively receiving "},{"startTime":291.2,"endTime":297.36,"body":"treatment and the nurse passively acting out  "},{"startTime":297.36,"endTime":304.56,"body":"doctor's orders. Nurses, she thought, could "},{"startTime":297.36,"endTime":304.56,"body":"facilitate this through observation, description,  "},{"startTime":304.56,"endTime":312.64,"body":"formulation, interpretation, validation, "},{"startTime":304.56,"endTime":312.64,"body":"and intervention. Since the publication of  "},{"startTime":312.64,"endTime":320.24,"body":"Dr. Peplau's work, the interpersonal process has "},{"startTime":312.64,"endTime":320.24,"body":"been universally integrated into nursing education  "},{"startTime":320.24,"endTime":327.2,"body":"and nursing practices throughout the United "},{"startTime":320.24,"endTime":327.2,"body":"States and the world. Dr. Peplau was a member  "},{"startTime":327.2,"endTime":336.4,"body":"of the faculty of the College of Nursing at "},{"startTime":327.2,"endTime":336.4,"body":"Rutgers University from 1954 to 1974. At Rutgers,  "},{"startTime":336.4,"endTime":342.32,"body":"she created the first graduate level program "},{"startTime":336.4,"endTime":342.32,"body":"for the preparation of clinical specialists  "},{"startTime":342.32,"endTime":349.28,"body":"in psychiatric nursing. She was a prolific writer "},{"startTime":342.32,"endTime":349.28,"body":"and was equally well known for her presentation  "},{"startTime":349.84,"endTime":357.76,"body":"speeches and clinical training workshops. During "},{"startTime":349.84,"endTime":357.76,"body":"the 1950s and 60s she conducted summer workshops  "},{"startTime":357.76,"endTime":364.24,"body":"for nurses throughout the United States, mostly "},{"startTime":357.76,"endTime":364.24,"body":"in state psychiatric hospitals where she taught  "},{"startTime":364.24,"endTime":371.12,"body":"interpersonal concepts in interviewing techniques "},{"startTime":364.24,"endTime":371.12,"body":"as well as individual family and group therapy.  "},{"startTime":372.24,"endTime":380.96,"body":"Dr. Peplau died in 1999 at the age of 89 at her "},{"startTime":372.24,"endTime":380.96,"body":"home in Sherman Oaks, California. She's the only  "},{"startTime":380.96,"endTime":387.84,"body":"nurse to serve the American Nurses Association "},{"startTime":380.96,"endTime":387.84,"body":"as Executive Director and later as President.  "},{"startTime":388.56,"endTime":394.56,"body":"In 1994, the American Academy of "},{"startTime":388.56,"endTime":394.56,"body":"Nursing honored her as a Living Legend.  "},{"startTime":395.68,"endTime":403.12,"body":"Dr. Peplau truly changed the practice of nursing. "},{"startTime":395.68,"endTime":403.12,"body":"Her model is now a core principle taught in every  "},{"startTime":403.12,"endTime":409.84,"body":"nursing program. For every nurse who entered "},{"startTime":403.12,"endTime":409.84,"body":"the profession in the 1960s and beyond,  "},{"startTime":409.84,"endTime":416.88,"body":"the concept that nurses are therapeutic agents "},{"startTime":409.84,"endTime":416.88,"body":"who build trusting relationships with patients  "},{"startTime":417.44,"endTime":423.76,"body":"is a core belief. As a result, Dr. "},{"startTime":417.44,"endTime":423.76,"body":"Hildegard Peplau helped to elevate nursing  "},{"startTime":423.76,"endTime":431.68,"body":"from a custodial role to its full professional "},{"startTime":423.76,"endTime":431.68,"body":"status. She succeeded in changing the way nurses  "},{"startTime":431.68,"endTime":438.0,"body":"perceive their role and how all nurses "},{"startTime":431.68,"endTime":438.0,"body":"understand their ethical responsibility  "},{"startTime":438.0,"endTime":445.04,"body":"to be fully present with patients and their "},{"startTime":438.0,"endTime":445.04,"body":"families. For that we are all in her debt. "},{"startTime":446.96,"endTime":453.12,"body":"And so the saga continues and may our "},{"startTime":446.96,"endTime":453.12,"body":"saga continue as we bring to a close  "},{"startTime":453.12,"endTime":459.2,"body":"this episode of Nursing EDge Unscripted "},{"startTime":453.12,"endTime":459.2,"body":"Saga. Thank you for joining us"}]}