{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":36.24,"endTime":41.52,"body":"Welcome to this episode of Nursing "},{"startTime":36.24,"endTime":41.52,"body":"EDge Unscripted Saga where we journey  "},{"startTime":41.52,"endTime":47.12,"body":"through the history of nursing education using "},{"startTime":41.52,"endTime":47.12,"body":"stories that connect the past to the present  "},{"startTime":47.12,"endTime":53.04,"body":"and then our future as we reimagine our "},{"startTime":47.12,"endTime":53.04,"body":"teaching and learning. In this episode,  "},{"startTime":53.04,"endTime":60.48,"body":"we celebrate the December birthday of Clarissa "},{"startTime":53.04,"endTime":60.48,"body":"\"Clara\" Barton, founder of the American Red Cross.  "},{"startTime":61.28,"endTime":70.56,"body":"Clara was born on December 25, 1821 in Oxford, "},{"startTime":61.28,"endTime":70.56,"body":"Massachusetts. The youngest of five children,  "},{"startTime":70.56,"endTime":75.04,"body":"she grew up on a farm - her father "},{"startTime":70.56,"endTime":75.04,"body":"was a very successful farmer.  "},{"startTime":75.76,"endTime":82.08,"body":"Her entre into nursing started with the care of "},{"startTime":75.76,"endTime":82.08,"body":"her brother David who became seriously ill after  "},{"startTime":82.08,"endTime":88.4,"body":"falling from the roof of the family barn. The care "},{"startTime":82.08,"endTime":88.4,"body":"and assistance she provided became the foundation  "},{"startTime":88.4,"endTime":96.08,"body":"of her life's work. In her formative years, Clara "},{"startTime":88.4,"endTime":96.08,"body":"was known to be considerably shy. Her parents  "},{"startTime":96.08,"endTime":101.2,"body":"decided to have Clara work with the phrenologist "},{"startTime":96.08,"endTime":101.2,"body":"to assist her with her social development.  "},{"startTime":102.08,"endTime":108.08,"body":"Encouragement from both her parents and her "},{"startTime":102.08,"endTime":108.08,"body":"phrenologist moved her toward teaching. She  "},{"startTime":108.08,"endTime":115.12,"body":"started teaching at the age of 18 and when she "},{"startTime":108.08,"endTime":115.12,"body":"was 24 she founded a school for children whose  "},{"startTime":115.12,"endTime":122.72,"body":"parents worked at her brother's mill. Clara was "},{"startTime":115.12,"endTime":122.72,"body":"passionate in her efforts to help those in need  "},{"startTime":122.72,"endTime":127.84,"body":"and went on to establish the first "},{"startTime":122.72,"endTime":127.84,"body":"free school in Bordentown, New Jersey.  "},{"startTime":129.36,"endTime":136.16,"body":"However, when she discovered that the school "},{"startTime":129.36,"endTime":136.16,"body":"had hired a man receiving twice her salary she  "},{"startTime":136.16,"endTime":144.48,"body":"resigned. She is quoted as saying that she would "},{"startTime":136.16,"endTime":144.48,"body":"never work for less than a man. Clara moved on  "},{"startTime":144.48,"endTime":151.28,"body":"to Washington, DC and became the first woman to be "},{"startTime":144.48,"endTime":151.28,"body":"appointed to the post of a recording clerk for the  "},{"startTime":151.28,"endTime":158.48,"body":"U.S. Patent Office, where she was paid an annual "},{"startTime":151.28,"endTime":158.48,"body":"salary that was the same as her male colleagues.  "},{"startTime":159.44,"endTime":166.08,"body":"Unfortunately, she would lose this role because "},{"startTime":159.44,"endTime":166.08,"body":"of government officials disagreeing about women  "},{"startTime":166.08,"endTime":174.8,"body":"serving in government. The position was given to a "},{"startTime":166.08,"endTime":174.8,"body":"man, her role was reduced, and so was her salary.  "},{"startTime":176.16,"endTime":183.52,"body":"When the Civil War began in 1861, Clara focused "},{"startTime":176.16,"endTime":183.52,"body":"her energy on her passion of helping others  "},{"startTime":183.52,"endTime":190.4,"body":"and took it upon herself to bring supplies to "},{"startTime":183.52,"endTime":190.4,"body":"Union soldiers, including soldiers serving in the  "},{"startTime":190.4,"endTime":197.52,"body":"6th Massachusetts Infantry. Her brother David, "},{"startTime":190.4,"endTime":197.52,"body":"whom she had cared for earlier in his life,  "},{"startTime":197.52,"endTime":204.4,"body":"was a quartermaster for the Union Army. With her "},{"startTime":197.52,"endTime":204.4,"body":"passion for helping others, she received ongoing  "},{"startTime":204.4,"endTime":212.08,"body":"permission to transport supplies during the Civil "},{"startTime":204.4,"endTime":212.08,"body":"War and was said to have been to every major  "},{"startTime":212.08,"endTime":219.76,"body":"battlefield in Maryland, Virginia, and South "},{"startTime":212.08,"endTime":219.76,"body":"Carolina. In addition to transporting supplies,  "},{"startTime":219.76,"endTime":225.84,"body":"she took care of the wounded soldiers and "},{"startTime":219.76,"endTime":225.84,"body":"became known as the \"angel of the battlefield.\"  "},{"startTime":227.12,"endTime":233.12,"body":"Her tenacity for helping those less fortunate "},{"startTime":227.12,"endTime":233.12,"body":"continued and she looked for opportunities to  "},{"startTime":233.12,"endTime":241.84,"body":"provide relief and aid during disasters and "},{"startTime":233.12,"endTime":241.84,"body":"conflicts. While Clara was referred to as a nurse,  "},{"startTime":241.84,"endTime":249.76,"body":"she did not have formal training. The civil war "},{"startTime":241.84,"endTime":249.76,"body":"provided ample opportunity for wartime volunteers  "},{"startTime":249.76,"endTime":255.52,"body":"and while it was said that respectable women "},{"startTime":249.76,"endTime":255.52,"body":"could not be seen in a military hospital, there  "},{"startTime":255.52,"endTime":262.56,"body":"were some women who challenged this status quo. "},{"startTime":255.52,"endTime":262.56,"body":"This was especially true in the north where women  "},{"startTime":262.56,"endTime":270.4,"body":"like Clara assisted in many ways. Clara was "},{"startTime":262.56,"endTime":270.4,"body":"known to be a genius with supply and distribution  "},{"startTime":270.4,"endTime":276.88,"body":"and in the development of systems to identify "},{"startTime":270.4,"endTime":276.88,"body":"the missing and dead and reuniting loved ones.  "},{"startTime":278.0,"endTime":285.04,"body":"She acknowledged that she only actually provided "},{"startTime":278.0,"endTime":285.04,"body":"nursing services for about six months of the Civil  "},{"startTime":285.04,"endTime":292.4,"body":"War, crediting other women who she felt had "},{"startTime":285.04,"endTime":292.4,"body":"provided so much more. After the war ended,  "},{"startTime":292.4,"endTime":298.48,"body":"she provided testimony to Congress about "},{"startTime":292.4,"endTime":298.48,"body":"her wartime experiences. She was sought  "},{"startTime":298.48,"endTime":304.32,"body":"after for lectures and speeches about her "},{"startTime":298.48,"endTime":304.32,"body":"efforts and her experiences during the war.  "},{"startTime":305.2,"endTime":310.8,"body":"However, Claira was injured during the "},{"startTime":305.2,"endTime":310.8,"body":"war and sought respite in Europe to heal.  "},{"startTime":311.84,"endTime":318.24,"body":"While she was in Switzerland ,she learned about "},{"startTime":311.84,"endTime":318.24,"body":"the International Red Cross. This organization  "},{"startTime":318.24,"endTime":327.2,"body":"had been established in Geneva in 1864. When she "},{"startTime":318.24,"endTime":327.2,"body":"returned to the U.S., she put together a campaign  "},{"startTime":327.2,"endTime":333.12,"body":"for the creation of an American branch "},{"startTime":327.2,"endTime":333.12,"body":"of the International Red Cross. She was  "},{"startTime":333.12,"endTime":339.84,"body":"able to meet with President Rutherford Hayes and "},{"startTime":333.12,"endTime":339.84,"body":"following that meeting, the American Association  "},{"startTime":339.84,"endTime":350.64,"body":"of the Red Cross was formed on May 21, 1881. Clara "},{"startTime":339.84,"endTime":350.64,"body":"Barton would become their first president in June  "},{"startTime":350.64,"endTime":359.52,"body":"of that year. The American Association of the Red "},{"startTime":350.64,"endTime":359.52,"body":"Cross joined the International Red Cross in 1882.  "},{"startTime":360.4,"endTime":368.64,"body":"Clara served the Red Cross until 1904 and "},{"startTime":360.4,"endTime":368.64,"body":"left amid rumored internal power struggles  "},{"startTime":368.64,"endTime":375.2,"body":"and claims of financial mismanagement. "},{"startTime":368.64,"endTime":375.2,"body":"Clara was said to be an autocratic leader,  "},{"startTime":375.76,"endTime":382.72,"body":"yet she never took salary for her work within "},{"startTime":375.76,"endTime":382.72,"body":"the organization and as she had done during  "},{"startTime":382.72,"endTime":389.28,"body":"other times in her life, she would use her "},{"startTime":382.72,"endTime":389.28,"body":"own personal funds to support relief efforts. "},{"startTime":391.04,"endTime":397.76,"body":"After leaving the American Red Cross, Clara "},{"startTime":391.04,"endTime":397.76,"body":"traveled and lectured. She wrote book, \"The  "},{"startTime":397.76,"endTime":406.88,"body":"Story of my Childhood,\" which was published in "},{"startTime":397.76,"endTime":406.88,"body":"1907. She died at her home in Glen Echo, Maryland  "},{"startTime":406.88,"endTime":416.96,"body":"on April 12, 1912. While clara was not educated "},{"startTime":406.88,"endTime":416.96,"body":"as a nurse, she understood the importance of aid  "},{"startTime":416.96,"endTime":423.92,"body":"and in helping those who were homeless, poor, or "},{"startTime":416.96,"endTime":423.92,"body":"in need of comfort and relief from disaster or  "},{"startTime":423.92,"endTime":432.08,"body":"war. Thanks to her efforts to establish the "},{"startTime":423.92,"endTime":432.08,"body":"American Red Cross, today they still serve  "},{"startTime":432.08,"endTime":440.64,"body":"millions of Americans across the country. Their "},{"startTime":432.08,"endTime":440.64,"body":"mission continues to alleviate human suffering  "},{"startTime":440.64,"endTime":448.4,"body":"in the face of emergencies by mobilizing the "},{"startTime":440.64,"endTime":448.4,"body":"power of volunteers and the generosity of donors.  "},{"startTime":449.52,"endTime":457.12,"body":"Volunteers, both nurses and the general public, "},{"startTime":449.52,"endTime":457.12,"body":"continue in their efforts to bring healing and  "},{"startTime":457.12,"endTime":464.4,"body":"comfort to many in need. Their ongoing "},{"startTime":457.12,"endTime":464.4,"body":"vision to turn compassion into action."},{"startTime":466.4,"endTime":470.88,"body":"And so the saga continues "},{"startTime":466.4,"endTime":470.88,"body":"and may our saga continue  "},{"startTime":470.88,"endTime":478.64,"body":"as we bring to a close this episode of Nursing "},{"startTime":470.88,"endTime":478.64,"body":"EDge Unscripted Saga. Thank you for joining us"}]}