{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":14.92,"endTime":17.782,"body":"Hi, everyone. Thanks for choosing to listen to Nepal. Now"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":17.846,"endTime":20.534,"body":"on the move over the few million other"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":20.582,"endTime":22.89,"body":"podcasts out there vying for your attention,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":23.39,"endTime":26.222,"body":"this is where you'll hear from some of the huge numbers of"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":26.246,"endTime":28.998,"body":"people leaving this country wedged between"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":29.094,"endTime":32.022,"body":"India and China, as well as from some of the"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":32.046,"endTime":34.53,"body":"few who returned to settle in their homeland."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":35.23,"endTime":38.206,"body":"Today, we're doing something different. We're devoting"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":38.238,"endTime":40.542,"body":"this episode to last weekend's huge"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":40.606,"endTime":43.526,"body":"rain, the flooding and other disasters"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":43.558,"endTime":46.374,"body":"it spawned, and the climate migrants"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":46.462,"endTime":49.334,"body":"who will emerge from these incidents. And"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":49.382,"endTime":52.11,"body":"here I'd like to give my condolences to the family and"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":52.15,"endTime":54.726,"body":"friends of the more than 200 people"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":54.838,"endTime":57.35,"body":"confirmed killed in the devastation."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":58.69,"endTime":61.562,"body":"I know last week I guaranteed"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":61.666,"endTime":64.49,"body":"that we would share the episode about the nurse migrating"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":64.53,"endTime":67.426,"body":"to Canada. But I thought the topic of"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":67.458,"endTime":70.338,"body":"climate migration, which I've been wanting to discuss"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":70.394,"endTime":73.162,"body":"for a while, was just too timely to"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":73.186,"endTime":76.098,"body":"postpone. This episode also"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":76.154,"endTime":78.954,"body":"has a different format. I have two guests."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":79.082,"endTime":81.578,"body":"Sagar Shrestha, director, uh, of the"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":81.634,"endTime":84.564,"body":"disaster management department at the Nepal Red Cross"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":84.612,"endTime":87.236,"body":"Society, and Manjit Takal,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":87.388,"endTime":90.052,"body":"head of the LDC support team"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":90.196,"endTime":93.172,"body":"and director at the South Asia Office of"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":93.236,"endTime":95.892,"body":"Climate Analytics. I"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":95.916,"endTime":98.652,"body":"recorded this very quickly. So the first chat with"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":98.676,"endTime":101.452,"body":"Sagar, which I recorded Sunday night,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":101.636,"endTime":104.548,"body":"lacks the usual introduction and goodbye."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":104.724,"endTime":107.228,"body":"And the quality is not quite up to our usual"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":107.284,"endTime":110.18,"body":"standard. I recorded with Manjit"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":110.22,"endTime":112.81,"body":"on Monday evening. He was in"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":112.85,"endTime":115.842,"body":"Baku, capital of Azerbaijan. So"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":115.866,"endTime":118.31,"body":"the line wasn't crystal clear, either"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":119.25,"endTime":121.954,"body":"one. Unfortunately, since"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":122.002,"endTime":124.906,"body":"Monday, the number of confirmed deaths has risen to"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":124.938,"endTime":127.87,"body":"209, as I'm recording on Tuesday,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":128.33,"endTime":130.91,"body":"and dozens more people are still missing."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":132.05,"endTime":134.522,"body":"Please listen now to my chats with Sagar"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":134.546,"endTime":136.63,"body":"Shrestha and Manjit Takal."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":137.86,"endTime":140.8,"body":"Let's talk about the yesterday devastations,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":141.38,"endTime":143.78,"body":"which, uh, was not something, um,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":143.78,"endTime":146.68,"body":"unpredictable because it was predictable, because"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":147.22,"endTime":150.172,"body":"hydrology and metrology, uh, published a special"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":150.236,"endTime":152.924,"body":"bulletin four days before, and they are"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":153.052,"endTime":155.82,"body":"giving alert that, uh, I'm not a"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":155.86,"endTime":158.78,"body":"climate student, but there is a two kind of system is"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":158.82,"endTime":161.644,"body":"activating in Nepal, in Nepal sky. That means"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":161.692,"endTime":164.538,"body":"the mansion was already activated in Nepal, and"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":164.594,"endTime":167.514,"body":"another kind of system from West Bengal"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":167.562,"endTime":170.45,"body":"is entering into the Nepal sky. So that two"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":170.49,"endTime":173.234,"body":"kind of climate system is activation. So, which"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":173.282,"endTime":175.754,"body":"means precipitation is going to be very"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":175.802,"endTime":178.722,"body":"high, and across the nepal, there is going to"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":178.746,"endTime":181.746,"body":"be a huge rainfall. M. And they were saying"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":181.818,"endTime":184.282,"body":"that, uh, these are the river,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":184.466,"endTime":187.36,"body":"most probably, uh, going to be, uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":187.36,"endTime":190.05,"body":"like, flooded. So this was the very,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":190.13,"endTime":193.124,"body":"very clear message from, uh, hydrology and"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":193.132,"endTime":196.092,"body":"metrology. I really appreciate. According to the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":196.116,"endTime":198.836,"body":"DHM, kosi provinces and then Bhagmuti"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":198.868,"endTime":201.7,"body":"provinces, and then many provinces, three"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":201.74,"endTime":204.64,"body":"provinces are mostly, mostly devastating,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":204.98,"endTime":207.24,"body":"especially focusing for this Kathmandu, uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":207.956,"endTime":210.292,"body":"and Cabaret, Makmanpur,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":210.396,"endTime":212.884,"body":"Ramachap. This closing district of this"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":212.932,"endTime":215.22,"body":"Kathmandu valley is more devastated, uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":216.188,"endTime":219.1,"body":"as far as the number is concerned. To the,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":219.1,"endTime":221.896,"body":"um, latest data, the government"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":221.968,"endTime":224.848,"body":"data, there are 100 plus. But"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":224.904,"endTime":227.896,"body":"it's, it's. It's not only because of the flood, but"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":227.928,"endTime":230.28,"body":"it's because of this, uh, catastrophe. Ah,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":231.152,"endTime":234.088,"body":"in the night bus, night microbus, normally in a"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":234.104,"endTime":236.5,"body":"highway, uh, government was,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":236.76,"endTime":239.24,"body":"um, giving the alert that don't use"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":239.28,"endTime":241.9,"body":"the buses in the night time. But,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":241.9,"endTime":244.36,"body":"um, people are, you know, they are stubborn and the,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":244.36,"endTime":247.248,"body":"uh. In total, I think right now, data"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":247.304,"endTime":249.84,"body":"105, it's going to be increased every"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":249.88,"endTime":252.824,"body":"day because many,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":252.872,"endTime":255.832,"body":"many communities are still not in axis, if"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":255.856,"endTime":258.54,"body":"you personally ask me. Red Cross, we have,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":258.54,"endTime":261.536,"body":"uh, all across the country, we have the volunteers, we"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":261.568,"endTime":264.56,"body":"across the country, we have the networks. Uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":264.56,"endTime":267.536,"body":"but even for us also, it's getting"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":267.608,"endTime":270.496,"body":"very problematic to getting a data, even if we are very close"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":270.528,"endTime":273.408,"body":"to Kathmandu. There is a one district called cabaret. So"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":273.464,"endTime":276.208,"body":"they are saying that there is 17 or 18 municipalities,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":276.304,"endTime":278.84,"body":"but most of the municipalities are"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":278.88,"endTime":281.752,"body":"disconnected. And what kind of devastation"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":281.816,"endTime":284.4,"body":"is happening there? So far there is no"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":284.44,"endTime":287.392,"body":"any, no any inflammations. According to our"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":287.416,"endTime":290.16,"body":"Red Cross data, 10,000 populations"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":290.2,"endTime":292.904,"body":"are, um, displaced, I would say."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":293.032,"endTime":295.64,"body":"And hundred plus lives have"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":295.68,"endTime":298.608,"body":"been gone. Um, it means if you"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":298.624,"endTime":301.572,"body":"see the ratio of 2000, uh, ten to"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":301.596,"endTime":304.292,"body":"2024, uh, the life"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":304.396,"endTime":307.316,"body":"loss data is. This is very low if you"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":307.428,"endTime":310.38,"body":"compare to the earlier data in a small event."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":310.46,"endTime":313.244,"body":"Also, there used to be a lot of life"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":313.292,"endTime":316.02,"body":"casualty, but now maybe because of this"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":316.06,"endTime":318.74,"body":"information, lot of investment in disaster risk"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":318.78,"endTime":321.724,"body":"reductions and many things. So we are"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":321.772,"endTime":324.08,"body":"being able to save the life. But,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":324.08,"endTime":326.922,"body":"um, more we can save life if we"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":327.036,"endTime":329.982,"body":"invest in this behaviour change communication, more"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":330.006,"endTime":332.446,"body":"in hydro and metro science, more in"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":332.478,"endTime":335.342,"body":"preparedness and more investment in disaster science and"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":335.366,"endTime":338.102,"body":"climate science, then definitely we can"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":338.286,"endTime":339.77,"body":"save a lot of life."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":340.23,"endTime":342.91,"body":"I didn't realise that that alert came"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":342.99,"endTime":345.726,"body":"four days before. Four days is a lot of"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":345.758,"endTime":348.678,"body":"time to get prepared, as you say,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":348.774,"endTime":350.97,"body":"if people heed the warning."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":351.43,"endTime":354.35,"body":"But if you personally ask me, it's, uh, it's"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":354.39,"endTime":356.846,"body":"not a natural disaster. I would say this. It's"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":356.878,"endTime":359.798,"body":"process, it's human disaster. Because why people"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":359.854,"endTime":362.694,"body":"are making a house in, you know, the close"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":362.742,"endTime":365.702,"body":"to the river, you know, so I wouldn't say it's"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":365.726,"endTime":368.534,"body":"a natural disaster. It's just people"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":368.582,"endTime":371.526,"body":"are so stubborn. People, government have"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":371.558,"endTime":374.502,"body":"done assertive, uh, uh, rules and"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":374.526,"endTime":377.398,"body":"regulation that these are. The area is not safe. You don't, you"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":377.414,"endTime":378.69,"body":"can't make a home."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":379.04,"endTime":381.768,"body":"And so you said about 10,000"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":381.904,"endTime":384.352,"body":"households approximately across the country."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":384.456,"endTime":385.08,"body":"Across the country."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":385.12,"endTime":388.008,"body":"Okay, so these are, are these households,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":388.104,"endTime":390.68,"body":"would the building be destroyed or"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":390.8,"endTime":393.744,"body":"people who just were forced to leave because"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":393.792,"endTime":396.54,"body":"of water or. What exactly does that mean?"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":397.12,"endTime":399.792,"body":"Normally it's inundations, right? So there was a"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":399.856,"endTime":402.688,"body":"flood, there's a uh, water. Water gone. And"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":402.704,"endTime":405.614,"body":"then people start getting back to their home. So"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":405.662,"endTime":408.12,"body":"normally the number is going to be a little uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":408.422,"endTime":411.334,"body":"bit uh, lower from tomorrow also."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":411.502,"endTime":414.326,"body":"But the um, totally household damage"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":414.438,"endTime":417.014,"body":"so far we don't have much real"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":417.062,"endTime":419.694,"body":"data. Maybe tomorrow we"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":419.782,"endTime":422.622,"body":"trying our best to receive a data because if"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":422.646,"endTime":425.598,"body":"Red Cross is not being able to calm the data means you can just"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":425.654,"endTime":428.654,"body":"imagine because we are the organisation, we do"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":428.702,"endTime":431.622,"body":"initial rapid assessment in 24 hours. But we"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":431.646,"endTime":434.262,"body":"are not being able to do that means you can just imagine the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":434.286,"endTime":437.16,"body":"situation. We just um,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":437.16,"endTime":438.84,"body":"like uh, deployed our"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":439.82,"endTime":442.7,"body":"NDRT volunteers to the district so"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":442.86,"endTime":445.668,"body":"they can assist our district chapter for this, uh, assessment."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":445.724,"endTime":448.58,"body":"So most probably tomorrow, day after tomorrow, we'll have the very"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":448.62,"endTime":451.124,"body":"clear picture. 500 plus"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":451.252,"endTime":454.092,"body":"families, uh, may be totally displaced, I would"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":454.116,"endTime":456.892,"body":"say according to the news and according to the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":457.036,"endTime":459.716,"body":"discussions I engaged today"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":459.788,"endTime":462.56,"body":"across the country. So let's see until"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":462.56,"endTime":465.472,"body":"um, tomorrow or day after tomorrow, we can say what"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":465.496,"endTime":466.4,"body":"is the exact number?"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":466.48,"endTime":468.792,"body":"Okay. Okay. I know this is a"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":468.936,"endTime":471.248,"body":"difficult question, but of those"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":471.344,"endTime":474.264,"body":"500 families, what normally"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":474.312,"endTime":477.136,"body":"would happen to them? Would they be"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":477.168,"endTime":479.86,"body":"able to rebuild in the same municipality?"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":480.28,"endTime":483.096,"body":"Do they get assistance from the municipality"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":483.168,"endTime":485.776,"body":"or from an organisation like the Red Cross"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":485.848,"endTime":488.02,"body":"or even the Nepal government?"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":488.65,"endTime":491.314,"body":"Normally if you see other countries, uh, they are always"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":491.362,"endTime":494.202,"body":"dependent upon the government. But we have a tendency that"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":494.266,"endTime":496.442,"body":"normally Nepalese are uh, bit"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":496.506,"endTime":499.186,"body":"resilient. They really can"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":499.258,"endTime":501.826,"body":"build themselves. I would proudly say that"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":501.978,"endTime":504.92,"body":"but that's not always the case. But uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":504.92,"endTime":507.882,"body":"in Nepal case now a local government is uh, working"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":507.946,"endTime":510.55,"body":"very nice after this federal structure."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":510.93,"endTime":513.802,"body":"This uh, municipal government is functional very well."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":513.866,"endTime":516.448,"body":"So they are very closely working"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":516.504,"endTime":519.464,"body":"with uh, um, uh, those vulnerable communities."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":519.552,"endTime":522.496,"body":"And of course yesterday the government has"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":522.528,"endTime":525.128,"body":"announced that um, all the, all this"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":525.184,"endTime":528.0,"body":"medical support is um, absolutely"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":528.04,"endTime":530.856,"body":"free, uh, according to"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":530.928,"endTime":532.98,"body":"this. And Nepal government uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":533.32,"endTime":536.208,"body":"tendency often if this happened, then"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":536.344,"endTime":539.296,"body":"the government also uh, support for the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":539.328,"endTime":542.106,"body":"building, uh, constructions. So for"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":542.138,"endTime":544.57,"body":"that constructions also definitely the Red Cross"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":544.61,"endTime":547.17,"body":"will more support for this uh, community"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":547.25,"endTime":549.786,"body":"mobilisation. And often the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":549.818,"endTime":552.642,"body":"government also uh, acts the support for the Red"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":552.666,"endTime":555.3,"body":"Cross as a help tax because we uh, have"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":555.3,"endTime":557.906,"body":"ah, to distribute the money. Also the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":557.938,"endTime":560.23,"body":"primary responsibility is always government."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":560.69,"endTime":563.562,"body":"Government will of course do and is"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":563.586,"endTime":566.282,"body":"an auxiliary role to the government in humanitarian"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":566.346,"endTime":569.3,"body":"sectors. This community mobilizations data,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":569.3,"endTime":572.12,"body":"uh, water livelihood, non food"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":572.16,"endTime":574.896,"body":"relief items, immediate food"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":575.008,"endTime":577.896,"body":"protection, gender inclusion components,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":577.968,"endTime":580.664,"body":"community engagement component. These are the few"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":580.712,"endTime":582.98,"body":"components, especially water and sanitations"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":583.44,"endTime":586.032,"body":"and hygiene. These are the things"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":586.096,"endTime":588.06,"body":"normally we do immediate"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":588.76,"endTime":591.744,"body":"life saving. So tomorrow also the immediate meeting"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":591.792,"endTime":594.672,"body":"is being called by the Ministry of home. So they"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":594.696,"endTime":597.594,"body":"might have also decide tomorrow something else."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":597.682,"endTime":600.378,"body":"Maybe they can just say we'll give"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":600.514,"endTime":603.498,"body":"this much of money to build the house. So as far as the Red"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":603.514,"endTime":606.378,"body":"Cross is concerned, more than construction,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":606.554,"endTime":609.418,"body":"normally we go for this multi purpose gas for"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":609.554,"endTime":612.17,"body":"immediate kind of livelihood for"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":612.29,"endTime":614.29,"body":"few months or a few weeks."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":614.45,"endTime":617.29,"body":"You were saying how local governments"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":617.33,"endTime":620.162,"body":"now after federalism are doing a very"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":620.226,"endTime":623.128,"body":"good job of providing this assistance."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":623.264,"endTime":626.24,"body":"And at the very beginning you mentioned how the number"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":626.28,"endTime":628.78,"body":"of deaths was it per"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":628.94,"endTime":631.912,"body":"um, households affected is actually going down"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":631.976,"endTime":633.14,"body":"in recent years."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":633.52,"endTime":634.32,"body":"Yes, yes."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":634.4,"endTime":637.112,"body":"So that's very interesting because uh, you would"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":637.176,"endTime":639.672,"body":"guess that because there's just so many more"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":639.736,"endTime":641.872,"body":"incidents, climate induced"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":641.936,"endTime":644.792,"body":"disasters that there would also be more death."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":644.856,"endTime":647.81,"body":"But in fact that's not what's happening, that's"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":647.85,"endTime":648.426,"body":"not happening."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":648.458,"endTime":651.306,"body":"And then because normally in uh disaster"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":651.378,"endTime":654.25,"body":"event and crisis event and handling all these things,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":654.29,"endTime":656.89,"body":"I think we are the very pioneer"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":656.93,"endTime":659.88,"body":"organisation, I would proudly say that"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":659.88,"endTime":662.61,"body":"um, we teach Nepal"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":662.65,"endTime":665.418,"body":"government how to respond. You know we started"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":665.474,"endTime":668.226,"body":"with six t's that time we call"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":668.258,"endTime":670.786,"body":"it in Sanskrit"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":670.818,"endTime":673.794,"body":"daibi means ah, goddesse prakop means disaster."},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":673.882,"endTime":676.682,"body":"Disaster happened out of the God. God"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":676.706,"endTime":679.354,"body":"is making all kind of disaster. If you see Nepal"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":679.402,"endTime":681.73,"body":"government document in sixties or"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":681.77,"endTime":684.698,"body":"seventies they have a policy that, a"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":684.714,"endTime":687.434,"body":"Davi Prakop policy which means the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":687.602,"endTime":690.11,"body":"every disaster event is created by"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":690.42,"endTime":693.018,"body":"um, God. That's, that's the policy. But"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":693.074,"endTime":696.058,"body":"now from God devastation now in, we"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":696.074,"endTime":699.032,"body":"are now in hydro and metro. You can imagine I. It"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":699.056,"endTime":702.056,"body":"means this is really a progression we are growing"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":702.088,"endTime":704.752,"body":"in hydrology and metrology this science. But"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":704.896,"endTime":707.704,"body":"it's a high time to have a behaviour changes, you know,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":707.792,"endTime":710.528,"body":"people, community, they are being sent these"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":710.584,"endTime":713.48,"body":"messages. We broadcasted this public service"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":713.56,"endTime":716.1,"body":"announcement also social media campaign"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":716.48,"endTime":719.28,"body":"and many, many things, many many organisations including"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":719.36,"endTime":722.06,"body":"media have done. But um,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":722.08,"endTime":724.476,"body":"it's all about behaviour. So even"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":724.508,"endTime":727.4,"body":"if it was predicted uh,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":727.4,"endTime":729.82,"body":"the study devastation was um, pretty ah,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":730.132,"endTime":732.892,"body":"huge. So this kind of thing is evolving in"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":732.916,"endTime":735.548,"body":"Nepal but still a little bit of"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":735.684,"endTime":738.284,"body":"behaviour change. And I would say that a lot of"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":738.332,"endTime":740.94,"body":"investment in this hydroscience and metro"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":740.98,"endTime":743.572,"body":"science is very important in Nepal case"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":743.716,"endTime":746.284,"body":"of course there is a m. It's a huge number of"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":746.452,"endTime":749.2,"body":"death. 100 plus is not a joke. But"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":749.54,"endTime":752.2,"body":"as far as the infast structure is concerned,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":753.0,"endTime":755.688,"body":"um, I'm not engineer but if I can say as a"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":755.704,"endTime":758.416,"body":"layman also Nepal government will"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":758.448,"endTime":761.38,"body":"take definitely a five year to construct this um,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":761.38,"endTime":764.296,"body":"infrastructure, uh damage because most"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":764.328,"endTime":766.992,"body":"of the bridges are damaged, most of the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":767.016,"endTime":769.728,"body":"highway are damaged. Uh, no"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":769.824,"endTime":772.824,"body":"road is working to connect with the Kathmandu. So"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":772.872,"endTime":775.856,"body":"most probably from tomorrow, there will be no. Any"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":775.928,"endTime":778.922,"body":"kind of, uh, vegetable or food are receiving from the"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":778.946,"endTime":781.91,"body":"Tara'I. So maybe few days later,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":782.24,"endTime":785.17,"body":"uh, if the government is not being able to construct the road,"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":785.21,"endTime":788.154,"body":"then the price is going to be a high. So, you"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":788.162,"endTime":791.13,"body":"know, this cascading thing is happening with one"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":791.17,"endTime":794.01,"body":"event and a lot of problems is going to"},{"speaker":"Sagar Shrestha","startTime":794.05,"endTime":794.682,"body":"happen."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":794.866,"endTime":797.642,"body":"Okay, well, thank you very much. This has been"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":797.706,"endTime":800.55,"body":"very interesting. Thank you for taking the time."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":810.76,"endTime":813.12,"body":"Manjit Dakal, welcome to Nepal now"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":813.16,"endTime":813.94,"body":"podcast."},{"speaker":"Manjit Dhakal","startTime":814.44,"endTime":815.42,"body":"Thank you."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":815.92,"endTime":818.448,"body":"It's great to have you here. I know you're in"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":818.504,"endTime":820.664,"body":"Baku for some pre cop"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":820.712,"endTime":823.416,"body":"meetings. You have a very busy agenda. So I"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":823.448,"endTime":826.1,"body":"really appreciate you taking the time. Today"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":826.64,"endTime":829.536,"body":"we're speaking following, uh, this"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":829.608,"endTime":832.192,"body":"terrible incident of"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":832.336,"endTime":835.096,"body":"extremely heavy rainfall and then flooding and"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":835.128,"endTime":838.018,"body":"landslides that happened here in"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":838.034,"endTime":841.002,"body":"Nepal over the weekend. I want to talk a little bit"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":841.026,"endTime":843.506,"body":"about that and its effect on people"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":843.618,"endTime":846.53,"body":"and, in fact, on what,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":846.53,"endTime":848.874,"body":"uh, a lot of people are terming climate"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":848.962,"endTime":851.874,"body":"migrants, people who are forced to move because"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":851.922,"endTime":854.81,"body":"of the impacts of climate change. But before"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":854.89,"endTime":857.162,"body":"we get there, although"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":857.346,"endTime":860.338,"body":"the disaster over the weekend and"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":860.354,"endTime":862.508,"body":"the extreme weather was"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":862.564,"endTime":865.26,"body":"unprecedented, in a way, it wasn't"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":865.3,"endTime":868.156,"body":"unexpected because Nepal has been having"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":868.348,"endTime":870.948,"body":"more and more extreme weather events"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":871.084,"endTime":873.796,"body":"over the last decade. I would say, at least,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":873.948,"endTime":876.78,"body":"I wonder if you can put that in context for me and just"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":876.82,"endTime":879.372,"body":"talk about how the weather has changed in"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":879.396,"endTime":881.996,"body":"Nepal recently, particularly with"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":882.068,"endTime":884.12,"body":"more extreme events."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":884.54,"endTime":887.428,"body":"Thank you. Yes. Um, it"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":887.444,"endTime":890.332,"body":"was an unfortunate situation, uh, what has been"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":890.356,"endTime":892.36,"body":"observed in the last weekend,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":892.93,"endTime":895.844,"body":"uh, in terms of the heavy and"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":895.932,"endTime":898.92,"body":"exactly as you said, unprecedented rainfall"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":899.3,"endTime":900.89,"body":"that triggered flooding, uh,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":902.62,"endTime":905.332,"body":"and landslide, um, across the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":905.356,"endTime":908.316,"body":"country, as we are aware."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":908.428,"endTime":911.364,"body":"So Nepal received almost 80% of"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":911.372,"endTime":914.22,"body":"the rainfall during the monsoon season that extends"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":914.26,"endTime":916.77,"body":"from June to September."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":917.37,"endTime":920.21,"body":"Um, but then what we have observed,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":920.21,"endTime":923.046,"body":"um, by analysing the recent data, is"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":923.078,"endTime":925.822,"body":"that the amount of the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":925.846,"endTime":928.838,"body":"rainfall, even, it doesn't change much, um, in"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":928.854,"endTime":930.45,"body":"terms of the annual rainfall,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":931.23,"endTime":934.15,"body":"the extent of the extreme has"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":934.19,"endTime":937.006,"body":"been very disturbing. This does"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":937.038,"endTime":939.87,"body":"not limit here, uh, as we observe"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":939.91,"endTime":942.61,"body":"this, uh, in a different, uh, scenario"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":942.75,"endTime":945.346,"body":"moving ahead, many of the models"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":945.418,"endTime":948.218,"body":"indicates that the frequency of the extreme precipitation"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":948.274,"endTime":951.242,"body":"events will rise, leading to the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":951.266,"endTime":954.09,"body":"higher risk of flash flooding, um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":954.21,"endTime":956.898,"body":"in the mountainous area, also the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":956.994,"endTime":959.906,"body":"breast of the glacier lake, this looks"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":959.938,"endTime":962.55,"body":"like a new normal, uh,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":962.55,"endTime":964.578,"body":"which has a very strong"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":964.674,"endTime":967.59,"body":"attribution to the increasing temperature."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":967.89,"endTime":970.682,"body":"And as the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":970.746,"endTime":973.65,"body":"reports revelled, um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":973.65,"endTime":976.128,"body":"recently, every degree of"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":976.184,"endTime":979.056,"body":"warming will lead to an exponential"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":979.128,"endTime":981.38,"body":"rise of floods and"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":981.84,"endTime":984.632,"body":"the rainfall extreme across the country"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":984.696,"endTime":987.02,"body":"and that's already happening in Nepal."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":987.64,"endTime":990.568,"body":"Last evening I talked to someone from the Nepal"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":990.624,"endTime":993.432,"body":"Red Cross society and we"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":993.456,"endTime":996.368,"body":"talked a little bit about the immediate damage"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":996.424,"endTime":999.35,"body":"based on the data that they had. One of the things"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":999.39,"endTime":1002.006,"body":"I asked about was the number of families"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1002.078,"endTime":1004.518,"body":"displaced who may in fact be"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1004.574,"endTime":1007.566,"body":"permanently displaced rather than, you know,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1007.598,"endTime":1010.206,"body":"people who are flooded out and then can go back to their"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1010.238,"endTime":1013.086,"body":"homes. And he estimated roughly at that"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1013.118,"endTime":1016.054,"body":"time it was around 500 families. Because"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1016.102,"endTime":1019.102,"body":"I know, I know terminology matters"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1019.206,"endTime":1021.95,"body":"in this area. Is it correct to call those"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1021.99,"endTime":1024.982,"body":"people climate migrants? Assuming they're not"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1025.006,"endTime":1027.93,"body":"going back home, they're going to have to move on somewhere else?"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1029.11,"endTime":1031.95,"body":"I believe so. Uh, for me"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1032.11,"endTime":1035.062,"body":"I wouldn't mind calling uh, them as a climate"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1035.126,"endTime":1038.07,"body":"migrant. Um, there has"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1038.11,"endTime":1040.93,"body":"been some studies in different parts of the country"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1041.27,"endTime":1044.254,"body":"where the extreme as well as the slow"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1044.302,"endTime":1047.222,"body":"onset event, um, extreme at this one, like"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1047.246,"endTime":1049.83,"body":"a flood in the landslide, slow"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1049.87,"endTime":1052.706,"body":"onset where the water availability has been"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1052.738,"endTime":1055.682,"body":"dried in a longer span of time or the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1055.706,"endTime":1058.61,"body":"agriculture practise, um, uh,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1058.61,"endTime":1061.194,"body":"are not possible because of not having enough"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1061.242,"endTime":1064.09,"body":"water. So this kind of slow onset events have"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1064.13,"endTime":1067.058,"body":"also led people to move from their permanent"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1067.114,"endTime":1069.698,"body":"location and it's very"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1069.754,"endTime":1072.426,"body":"difficult to get back to where they"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1072.458,"endTime":1074.754,"body":"are. So I think this"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1074.802,"endTime":1077.642,"body":"evolving impacts that we have"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1077.666,"endTime":1080.18,"body":"been facing, um, which"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1081.12,"endTime":1083.952,"body":"the scientific reports confirm that we will increase"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1084.056,"endTime":1086.936,"body":"more in the coming year. I think this is also"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1086.968,"endTime":1089.12,"body":"a stark reminder that we have to look at our"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1089.16,"endTime":1092.072,"body":"policies at home in terms of how"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1092.096,"endTime":1095.096,"body":"to respond this and look it from the angle"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1095.128,"endTime":1096.26,"body":"of climate change."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1096.84,"endTime":1099.136,"body":"You make a really interesting point because"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1099.208,"endTime":1101.74,"body":"myself having been here for"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1102.4,"endTime":1105.32,"body":"a uh, number of years now, I'm more used to"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1105.4,"endTime":1107.956,"body":"hearing about people affected by those"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1108.028,"endTime":1110.588,"body":"slow onset uh, climate"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1110.644,"endTime":1113.628,"body":"change where often it's people living in"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1113.644,"endTime":1116.628,"body":"the hills who are farming and over time"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1116.684,"endTime":1119.0,"body":"the conditions change. Usually"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1119.5,"endTime":1122.484,"body":"the fields become drier and they're really forced"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1122.532,"endTime":1125.04,"body":"to move because they can no longer farm."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1125.58,"endTime":1128.52,"body":"But um, this idea of climate migration"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1128.82,"endTime":1131.804,"body":"doesn't seem to have caught on yet. Do"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1131.812,"endTime":1133.04,"body":"you think that's correct?"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1134.08,"endTime":1136.61,"body":"There are obviously other um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1136.61,"endTime":1139.48,"body":"compounding effect as well. Um, obviously"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1139.56,"endTime":1142.504,"body":"this get links to the broader context,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1142.53,"endTime":1145.256,"body":"uh, the availability of the job and"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1145.288,"endTime":1147.66,"body":"people moving for opportunities,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1148.47,"endTime":1151.424,"body":"um, and so on. But what I"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1151.432,"endTime":1153.82,"body":"am confident is there has been"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1154.03,"endTime":1156.816,"body":"uh, a couple of research and the growing"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1156.848,"endTime":1159.3,"body":"research in the different parts of the country"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1159.66,"endTime":1162.48,"body":"where the researcher has claimed,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1162.67,"endTime":1165.476,"body":"uh, those moments linking"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1165.508,"endTime":1167.988,"body":"it strongly and attributing to the climate"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1168.044,"endTime":1170.652,"body":"change. Uh, there has been some study"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1170.836,"endTime":1172.72,"body":"in the himalayan area where"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1173.47,"endTime":1175.988,"body":"uh, the grazing land for a cattle"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1176.044,"endTime":1178.476,"body":"has decreased substantially"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1178.588,"endTime":1181.46,"body":"and the farming practise has to be"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1181.5,"endTime":1183.96,"body":"changed. People have to change their"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1184.54,"endTime":1186.12,"body":"lifestyle, uh, from"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1186.71,"endTime":1188.89,"body":"livestock to"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1189.31,"endTime":1191.97,"body":"some other options. Um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1191.97,"endTime":1194.83,"body":"obviously the agriculture practise has"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1194.87,"endTime":1197.806,"body":"also been coming down. That's what"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1197.838,"endTime":1200.01,"body":"we see in our regular census."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1200.45,"endTime":1203.07,"body":"Um, and the service sector has been growing,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1203.23,"endTime":1205.89,"body":"but there may not be still, uh,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1205.89,"endTime":1208.678,"body":"enough, uh, maybe a study across the country"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1208.734,"endTime":1211.646,"body":"to claim this. But I'm very confident the study that"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1211.678,"endTime":1214.032,"body":"has been done, done in many of the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1214.136,"endTime":1217.096,"body":"river pocket area or in"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1217.128,"endTime":1219.808,"body":"some of the hills in the mountain area has a very"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1219.864,"endTime":1222.784,"body":"strong attribution in terms of both"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1222.872,"endTime":1225.864,"body":"extreme as well as the slow onset event where people"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1225.912,"endTime":1228.86,"body":"have to move, uh, from one place to another."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1229.24,"endTime":1231.94,"body":"Also, uh, the difficult part is"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1232.36,"endTime":1235.36,"body":"in almost all these instances when people"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1235.44,"endTime":1238.26,"body":"move from one location to other, there is"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1238.3,"endTime":1241.228,"body":"no guarantee that this new location is also"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1241.284,"endTime":1244.02,"body":"climate resilient or not because these are not"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1244.14,"endTime":1246.908,"body":"planned relocation and people"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1247.004,"endTime":1248.8,"body":"have to settle,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1249.11,"endTime":1251.62,"body":"uh, whatever the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1251.66,"endTime":1254.508,"body":"appropriate find place that they find"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1254.564,"endTime":1257.46,"body":"in. It's more like moving from one"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1257.5,"endTime":1260.332,"body":"kind of climate impacts to the other kind of climate"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1260.396,"endTime":1263.386,"body":"impacts. There are other kinds of,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1263.408,"endTime":1265.65,"body":"kind of uh, impacts as well that"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1266.09,"endTime":1268.81,"body":"uh, makes it compounding,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1269.09,"endTime":1272.006,"body":"um, in addition. But climate plays an important role"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1272.038,"endTime":1273.654,"body":"in many of these migrations."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1273.822,"endTime":1276.822,"body":"You read my mind there because my next question was going to"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1276.846,"endTime":1279.366,"body":"be focusing on the people themselves."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1279.558,"endTime":1281.97,"body":"Where do they go? Um,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1282.03,"endTime":1284.47,"body":"obviously if they're"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1284.63,"endTime":1287.37,"body":"farmers and many of them I think are,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1287.91,"endTime":1290.614,"body":"then they're going to go somewhere where they think"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1290.742,"endTime":1293.598,"body":"they have some land that they can farm on. But as you"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1293.614,"endTime":1295.87,"body":"pointed out, there's no guarantee that"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1296.45,"endTime":1298.35,"body":"land will be suitable, uh,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1299.082,"endTime":1301.834,"body":"or not be affected by"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1301.962,"endTime":1304.906,"body":"climate change as well. I get the feeling"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1304.938,"endTime":1307.874,"body":"that many of these people, if not most of them,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1308.042,"endTime":1311.01,"body":"are kind of on their own. Even if they leave"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1311.17,"endTime":1314.138,"body":"in a very devastating event like"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1314.154,"endTime":1316.842,"body":"the one we saw over the weekend, where the"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1316.866,"endTime":1319.19,"body":"government and civil society"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1319.61,"endTime":1322.594,"body":"and many other sectors are involved in"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1322.642,"endTime":1324.79,"body":"relief and rescue."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1325.48,"endTime":1328.274,"body":"Uh, eventually they're left mostly to their own"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1328.322,"endTime":1331.026,"body":"devices. Do they end up moving"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1331.138,"endTime":1333.986,"body":"as close as possible as they can so they're"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1334.018,"endTime":1336.634,"body":"not extremely disrupted? Or are they more"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1336.682,"endTime":1339.13,"body":"likely to move to a"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1339.17,"endTime":1342.138,"body":"bigger place where they may be able to get"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1342.194,"endTime":1344.11,"body":"to earn wages if the"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1344.49,"endTime":1346.95,"body":"agriculture work just isn't available?"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1347.81,"endTime":1350.11,"body":"So in many of these instances"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1350.82,"endTime":1352.28,"body":"there has been a um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1353.06,"endTime":1355.99,"body":"temporary solution, uh,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1355.99,"endTime":1358.72,"body":"provided, for example,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1358.75,"endTime":1361.628,"body":"um, every time when there are uh, such"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1361.684,"endTime":1364.492,"body":"extreme events where it get attention on the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1364.516,"endTime":1367.49,"body":"media, um, there has been um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1367.57,"endTime":1370.48,"body":"uh, a financial package, uh, provided by"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1370.86,"endTime":1373.732,"body":"the central government, sometimes the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1373.756,"endTime":1376.0,"body":"provincial or the local government as well."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1376.47,"endTime":1379.254,"body":"It's very difficult for any community"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1379.382,"endTime":1382.13,"body":"to who are impacted, whose"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1382.13,"endTime":1384.998,"body":"uh, livelihood, uh, has been disturbed,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1385.054,"endTime":1388.01,"body":"who may not even have a proper documentation of their,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1388.67,"endTime":1391.494,"body":"of their formal identity documents,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1391.662,"endTime":1394.01,"body":"to go to the offices, um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1394.47,"endTime":1396.886,"body":"and claim those"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1396.998,"endTime":1399.894,"body":"compensation. I think it would be very"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1399.942,"endTime":1402.57,"body":"important to move from this kind of"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1402.95,"endTime":1405.142,"body":"um, a temporary ad hoc"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1405.206,"endTime":1407.894,"body":"solution to a permanent"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1407.942,"endTime":1410.822,"body":"solution. Um, there has also"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1410.886,"endTime":1413.71,"body":"been uh, some examples in the past"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1413.79,"endTime":1416.486,"body":"where a government has done a planned"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1416.518,"endTime":1419.342,"body":"relocation. And these are mostly in a case of"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1419.366,"endTime":1422.35,"body":"the development projects, um, where the bigger"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1422.39,"endTime":1425.29,"body":"construction or the bigger hydropower are being built."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1425.61,"endTime":1428.47,"body":"Uh, there has been some um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1428.47,"endTime":1431.312,"body":"kind of uh, permanent way of looking at"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1431.336,"endTime":1434.336,"body":"this after the earthquake. But in most of"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1434.368,"endTime":1437.056,"body":"the extreme events it has been"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1437.248,"endTime":1439.976,"body":"unplanned or even uh, for"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1440.008,"endTime":1443.0,"body":"people to. And this gets linked to the, to the bigger,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1443.04,"endTime":1445.95,"body":"bigger, um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1446.12,"endTime":1449.072,"body":"other complex problem as well. Um, if the,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1449.176,"endTime":1452.072,"body":"if the community or if the family does not have a proper"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1452.136,"endTime":1454.978,"body":"documentation, um, in terms of their"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1455.114,"endTime":1458.074,"body":"citizenship or other documents, it will be very"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1458.122,"endTime":1460.602,"body":"difficult to claim or move to"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1460.626,"endTime":1463.626,"body":"the formal process in terms of"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1463.658,"endTime":1465.938,"body":"relocation. So this has to be seen"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1465.994,"endTime":1468.506,"body":"obviously from the wider"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1468.578,"endTime":1471.546,"body":"perspective. Uh, and it will be very important to"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1471.578,"endTime":1474.39,"body":"find, uh, permanent solution where"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1474.93,"endTime":1477.35,"body":"now the way the federal system,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1478.03,"endTime":1480.682,"body":"um, has been implemented and we have a very strong"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1480.746,"endTime":1483.486,"body":"local government that are very close to the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1483.518,"endTime":1486.15,"body":"communities to find the ways in terms"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1486.19,"endTime":1488.77,"body":"of, if needed,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1489.11,"endTime":1490.65,"body":"a migration of"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1491.67,"endTime":1494.27,"body":"relocation of communities, if not then"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1494.31,"endTime":1497.254,"body":"settling them to where, uh, their"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1497.422,"endTime":1499.47,"body":"original location is. Um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1499.71,"endTime":1502.59,"body":"so I think that piece is"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1502.63,"endTime":1505.222,"body":"missing in terms of the bigger"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1505.366,"endTime":1506.774,"body":"policy regulation process."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1506.862,"endTime":1509.59,"body":"That's what I feel when we're talking"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1509.63,"endTime":1510.81,"body":"about possible"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1511.79,"endTime":1514.51,"body":"improvements. You said, uh, you mentioned"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1514.55,"endTime":1517.47,"body":"permanent solution. Is this in"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1517.51,"endTime":1520.07,"body":"large part a funding mechanism that would"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1520.11,"endTime":1522.806,"body":"identify the people who"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1522.878,"endTime":1525.646,"body":"have been completely, uh, wiped out"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1525.718,"endTime":1528.71,"body":"and need to move somewhere else so that"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1528.75,"endTime":1531.63,"body":"that funding could be quickly available to"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1531.67,"endTime":1534.294,"body":"help them, you know, resettle and restart their"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1534.342,"endTime":1534.93,"body":"lives."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1535.86,"endTime":1538.788,"body":"So first, when we see this from the climate"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1538.844,"endTime":1541.628,"body":"angle, uh, we see this from the side"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1541.684,"endTime":1544.212,"body":"that the people does not have to face the impact"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1544.316,"endTime":1546.88,"body":"or if they can get an early information"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1547.5,"endTime":1549.68,"body":"of this kind of extreme, so that"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1549.94,"endTime":1552.532,"body":"um, the community can be relocated"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1552.596,"endTime":1555.4,"body":"temporarily, minimising the damage,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1555.8,"endTime":1558.6,"body":"um, and uh, looking at the situation,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1558.94,"endTime":1561.864,"body":"the level of damage, whether they can again come back to the,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1561.972,"endTime":1564.712,"body":"to the regular original place or not."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1564.816,"endTime":1567.472,"body":"And when I say this, the role of the early warning"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1567.536,"endTime":1569.74,"body":"system plays an important role."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1570.1,"endTime":1572.74,"body":"Uh, even in the case of this recent,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1572.8,"endTime":1575.3,"body":"uh, extreme flooding in Nepal."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1576.2,"endTime":1578.776,"body":"The weather forecasting division, the river"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1578.888,"endTime":1581.82,"body":"alert, uh, system, uh,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1581.82,"endTime":1584.448,"body":"within the department of hydrology and"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1584.464,"endTime":1587.384,"body":"Metrology has forecasted that there will be"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1587.392,"endTime":1590.108,"body":"an extreme rainfall, um, and there were"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1590.164,"endTime":1592.8,"body":"even a warning said not to have a,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1592.8,"endTime":1594.68,"body":"ah, public transport"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1595.5,"endTime":1598.252,"body":"for the longer distance run during night during"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1598.316,"endTime":1600.724,"body":"these days. And many alert were"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1600.772,"endTime":1603.24,"body":"shared also to the communities,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1603.68,"endTime":1606.636,"body":"um, nearby to the river. Um, this is"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1606.668,"endTime":1609.668,"body":"one of the success stories that we have whenever"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1609.764,"endTime":1612.244,"body":"we are nearby to the major river. And if there are a"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1612.252,"endTime":1615.012,"body":"lot, our mobile system automatically"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1615.076,"endTime":1617.886,"body":"gets alerted. So the first one"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1617.918,"endTime":1620.734,"body":"is to help community, providing them"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1620.862,"endTime":1623.734,"body":"with their prior information. This forecasting with the early"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1623.782,"endTime":1626.478,"body":"warning system, um, so that"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1626.574,"endTime":1629.502,"body":"the damage can be reduced both in terms of human"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1629.566,"endTime":1632.34,"body":"life, but also the property damage. Um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1632.34,"endTime":1635.08,"body":"then there are also ways to make,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1635.08,"endTime":1637.77,"body":"ah, a development climate resilient,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1638.22,"endTime":1640.73,"body":"um, and that goes to both, ah,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1641.19,"endTime":1643.742,"body":"private property as well as the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1643.766,"endTime":1646.42,"body":"public like investment to the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1646.88,"endTime":1649.632,"body":"river, um, bank management"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1649.736,"endTime":1652.656,"body":"system or many, many, many other,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1652.808,"endTime":1654.86,"body":"including, uh, building"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1655.92,"endTime":1658.704,"body":"or enhancing, uh, this temporary"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1658.752,"endTime":1661.44,"body":"settlement area. Usually in many"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1661.48,"endTime":1663.94,"body":"places across the country and particularly"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1664.64,"endTime":1667.2,"body":"in the plain area, people are temporarily"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1667.28,"endTime":1670.102,"body":"relocated in the schools or the public building,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1670.256,"endTime":1673.226,"body":"which obviously lack a facility, the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1673.258,"endTime":1676.034,"body":"basic facility for sanitation"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1676.162,"endTime":1678.69,"body":"or cleaning drinking water. And"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1678.73,"endTime":1681.49,"body":"obviously will not be feasible to stay there for"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1681.53,"endTime":1684.034,"body":"longer. The problem for"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1684.082,"endTime":1686.506,"body":"women will be more difficult. Women,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1686.578,"endTime":1689.338,"body":"elderly or the people"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1689.514,"endTime":1692.45,"body":"with the disabilities. Because obviously this"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1692.57,"endTime":1695.026,"body":"temporary settlement does not have all those"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1695.058,"endTime":1698.026,"body":"facilities. So I would say that after all these are"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1698.058,"endTime":1700.79,"body":"done, we also have to then think about,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1700.83,"endTime":1702.59,"body":"uh, the relocation"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1704.05,"endTime":1706.706,"body":"of the community. Because if you ask"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1706.778,"endTime":1709.154,"body":"anyone, people obviously does not want to move"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1709.202,"endTime":1711.594,"body":"from their original place"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1711.762,"endTime":1713.75,"body":"where it's not only about,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1714.61,"endTime":1716.97,"body":"uh, the financial or the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1717.01,"endTime":1719.554,"body":"attachment, but also the cultural"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1719.722,"endTime":1722.618,"body":"attachment, the historic attachment with"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1722.634,"endTime":1725.476,"body":"their ancestors and so on. I think it goes"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1725.508,"endTime":1728.252,"body":"with the flow that the early warning system"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1728.356,"endTime":1730.796,"body":"and all this preparedness to be done in"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1730.828,"endTime":1733.78,"body":"advance. The immediate response to be"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1733.82,"endTime":1736.764,"body":"in place for people to move or to"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1736.812,"endTime":1739.81,"body":"alert them and to provide with immediate service, um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1740.476,"endTime":1743.308,"body":"facility. And then also think about the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1743.324,"endTime":1746.0,"body":"long term solution. So usually,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1746.11,"endTime":1749.1,"body":"um, in this kind of extreme events, we miss"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1749.14,"endTime":1751.688,"body":"this, uh, the three major"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1751.864,"endTime":1754.552,"body":"blocks that need to be put in place. And"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1754.576,"endTime":1757.52,"body":"mostly the focus has been in terms of immediate response,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1757.6,"endTime":1760.336,"body":"which is very important, but can be"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1760.368,"endTime":1761.26,"body":"stopped there."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1762.04,"endTime":1764.98,"body":"Great. Thank you. That's a very comprehensive answer."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1765.52,"endTime":1768.264,"body":"In terms of now, after this"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1768.352,"endTime":1771.296,"body":"latest event, if there was one"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1771.408,"endTime":1773.52,"body":"thing that you would like the government or"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1773.56,"endTime":1776.426,"body":"governments to focus on"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1776.608,"endTime":1779.366,"body":"to become better prepared for the next time"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1779.398,"endTime":1781.73,"body":"this happens, what would that be?"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1783.03,"endTime":1785.694,"body":"I would strongly suggest"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1785.782,"endTime":1788.734,"body":"that, as I said earlier, think about these"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1788.782,"endTime":1791.382,"body":"three pieces, preparedness in"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1791.406,"endTime":1793.77,"body":"advance, like the early warning system,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1794.27,"endTime":1797.246,"body":"the second immediate response and the third, the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1797.278,"endTime":1800.07,"body":"long term recovery. For now, it's"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1800.11,"endTime":1803.094,"body":"difficult. We obviously have to put a whole effort in terms"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1803.142,"endTime":1805.2,"body":"of immediate response."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1805.58,"endTime":1808.444,"body":"But it would be very, very important to move"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1808.492,"endTime":1811.076,"body":"from this, um, sometime called the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1811.108,"endTime":1813.62,"body":"political stunt of, um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1813.62,"endTime":1816.196,"body":"providing, uh, the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1816.228,"endTime":1818.924,"body":"financial package, um, and then"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1818.972,"endTime":1821.92,"body":"forgetting about this disaster"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1822.62,"endTime":1825.252,"body":"to, uh, a whole package"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1825.436,"endTime":1828.0,"body":"of recovery plan, um,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1828.0,"endTime":1830.556,"body":"and strengthen the role of local"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1830.628,"endTime":1832.97,"body":"government to respond to this impact."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1833.79,"endTime":1836.334,"body":"One thing I would also add is such"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1836.382,"endTime":1839.33,"body":"climate induced impacts are growing rapidly."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1839.7,"endTime":1842.366,"body":"Uh, in many cases, these are beyond the"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1842.398,"endTime":1845.222,"body":"capacity of the local government, or even in"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1845.246,"endTime":1848.214,"body":"some cases, the national government as well. So"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1848.302,"endTime":1851.262,"body":"in the climate change, uh, discussion,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1851.366,"endTime":1853.646,"body":"we term this as loss and damage,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1853.838,"endTime":1856.294,"body":"where, uh, the situation goes"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1856.342,"endTime":1858.702,"body":"beyond the adaptation"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1858.766,"endTime":1861.534,"body":"capacity. Um, and then"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1861.702,"endTime":1863.33,"body":"the current international"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1864.23,"endTime":1867.046,"body":"funding process to fund climate"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1867.118,"endTime":1869.45,"body":"impacts is not compatible"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1869.87,"endTime":1872.382,"body":"to this kind of situation where"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1872.526,"endTime":1875.414,"body":"countries have to go through the lengthy proposal"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1875.462,"endTime":1878.342,"body":"writing and the bureaucratic process. So"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1878.486,"endTime":1881.37,"body":"the system, the international financial, uh,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1882.68,"endTime":1885.632,"body":"mechanism also has to be reformed, uh, to be"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1885.656,"endTime":1888.392,"body":"compatible to respond, uh, to provide"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1888.456,"endTime":1891.208,"body":"immediate response to such, uh, climate"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1891.264,"endTime":1892.14,"body":"extremes."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1892.8,"endTime":1895.6,"body":"It seems very fitting that you brought in that"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1895.64,"endTime":1898.46,"body":"global financial aspect to,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1898.79,"endTime":1901.776,"body":"uh, an issue that is, of course, global in scope,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1901.848,"endTime":1904.0,"body":"climate change and extreme weather"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1904.04,"endTime":1906.76,"body":"events. Thanks again for doing this. I"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1906.84,"endTime":1909.592,"body":"really appreciate it. And, uh, I"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1909.616,"endTime":1912.42,"body":"hope we have another chance to talk again in the future."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1913.2,"endTime":1916.2,"body":"Sure. Yeah, all the best. And thanks for, uh, putting"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1916.24,"endTime":1919.2,"body":"this attention to what the country has been facing."},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1919.24,"endTime":1922.12,"body":"Now, I've also put a very small piece in my,"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1922.16,"endTime":1924.816,"body":"in my personal blog. You can visit. It's"},{"speaker":"Manjit Takal","startTime":1924.848,"endTime":1927.58,"body":"manjith.com dot np. Thanks."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1930.08,"endTime":1932.936,"body":"Thanks again to Sagar Shrestha and Manji Dakal for"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1932.968,"endTime":1935.936,"body":"speaking to me with very short notice this week."},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1936.128,"endTime":1939.08,"body":"Let me know what you thought about the episode. Send a"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1939.12,"endTime":1942.08,"body":"text by clicking on the link at the top left of the"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1942.12,"endTime":1945.088,"body":"notes to this episode. Message us on"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1945.144,"endTime":1948.02,"body":"social media we're apollnowpod,"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1948.32,"endTime":1949.08,"body":"or email"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1949.16,"endTime":1952.46,"body":"me@nepalnowpodmail.com"},{"speaker":"Marty","startTime":1952.96,"endTime":1954.32,"body":"I'll talk to you next time."}]}