The Bowtreader Podcast

Ep. 24 - Fire HAS to be part of the plan!

Bowtreader Season 2 Episode 8

Use Left/Right to seek, Home/End to jump to start or end. Hold shift to jump forward or backward.

0:00 | 1:37:30

Send us Fan Mail

Unless you've spent the last few months living under a rock you have seen fire come to the forefront of the news and everyday conversations. What is causing that and how do we make sure we have a better plan moving forward? In this episode Jase Brooks - Founder of Brooks Land and Timber, shares how fire pairs with his dedication to forestry and land management. Jase has a deep passion for creating landowner value and habitat improvement through building strategic management plans. Together, we explore how prescribed burning not only nurtures vibrant ecosystems but prevents the risks of uncontrolled wildfires, a critical concern for many landowners today.

Throughout our discussion, Jase breaks down many misconceptions surrounding fire, highlighting its true value as an effective land management tool. The conversation includes practical tips for executing successful burns based on environmental conditions, timing, and planning—all designed to empower listeners with the knowledge they need to enhance their land stewardship efforts.

The gang also addresses historical shifts in our societal views on fire, including how public perception and policies have evolved over the years. We also discuss how every part of our life demands a plan - including our spiritual growth. Its easy to slip into drifting through life. We believe we were made to do more than drift. Not only that, drifting usually results in moving away from God and how He designed us to live. A plan will help us grow in every aspect of life.  

Be sure to check out Brooks Land and Timber on Instagram. @brookslandandtimber

Thanks for joining us on The Bowtreader Podcast. Leave a comment to let us know where you are listening from as well as any topics that you would like to hear us cover. Be sure to like the episode and subscribe to follow along. 

instagram.com/bowtreader 
facebook.com/bowtreader 
x.com/bowtreader 
youtube.com/@bowtreader

tiktok.com/@bowtreader



Introduction & Show Overview

Speaker 2

Make it happen there you go, it's good stuff and we're live. Oh, there it is, yeah.

Speaker 4

So be good. This morning, I want you to share with us what you were, the thing you were watching, the other day no. Yeah, be good.

Speaker 3

We shouldn't do that Be good, not that show. Oh Not that.

Speaker 2

No, I don't want to hear about the show. What's the show?

Speaker 4

He tried to watch the show Tracker Reacher.

Speaker 3

Reacher Tracker's awesome.

Speaker 1

Yeah, Tracker's awesome.

Speaker 2

Oh yeah.

Speaker 4

Anyway, I'm not a TV guy, yeah, I just I mean I watch football. I was going to say sporting events, but yeah outside of that, I just I really don't care, but there's this one show that I've been watching with dub and it's I mean, it's actually pretty good.

Speaker 2

So I'm like I have to check it out.

Speaker 4

The last time I did something like that, netflix bought the rights to the show or something dude and they completely ruined the show.

Speaker 2

It was um designated survivor man first two seasons I'm like this is the best thing ever, and then the first episode. I'm not watching this track.

Speaker 4

Dude, like in the first five minutes or in the first couple minutes, somebody dropped the F-bomb and I was like Wait, this is different. I said Wait a second, did I just hear that? It was weird.

Speaker 2

There were a lot of other things in there too.

Watching Different Shows: A Shared Interest

Speaker 4

Oh, yeah, yeah yeah, and then it went like within the first five minutes it showed this scene in the White House and there was this new chief of staff or whatever, and man he was lighting somebody up. I was like what I mean? I paused, mean I paused it. I was like what has happened to?

Speaker 4

my show, yeah, but yeah, I mean, it was like just completely just a. You know an about face as far as um, you know kind of what was acceptable or whatever, and I looked into it and, sure enough, cbs wasn't doing it anymore. It was, you know a.

Speaker 2

Netflix. Thing. I mean CBS is such a strong, upstanding network. Exactly Right, yeah.

Speaker 4

It was just originally made for TV, and then Netflix got a hold of it and they made it for Netflix, and Netflix is just a different platform.

Speaker 4

You can do whatever you want to on there just about so, um, anyhow, but yeah, so we'll. We'll not that, not that show, but all right. So we got, uh, we got jace brooks in here with us this morning. Morning, morning, how are y'all there? We go, all right. So we're gonna be talking, um, about land management and uh, um, everything that goes along with that today, and, brandon, and I thought you know, if we're gonna talk about that, who better than good old jace brooks? Hey, I appreciate that it means a lot to get in here and and, uh, lay down some wisdom for us so that's what it's all about.

Speaker 4

So if you don't know, jace, uh, he is about nine feet tall. He's definitely bulletproof and that part's true, yeah yeah nine foot, not so much maybe in spirit, but in heart.

Speaker 1

But there you go now tell us a little bit about you. Yeah, absolutely so. Um, grew up in in just outside of marietta, Georgia, Powder Springs to be exact. Bless you. Yeah, I know Metro, we'll call it. Well, now it's Metro Atlanta. It used to just be the sticks a little bit, but grew up there, went up to Suwannee University of the South, played college football and got a forestry degree and disclaimer.

Speaker 4

Murr is here again this morning we got heavy breathing going.

Speaker 3

We got a really hot chicken here breathing in the microphone Just breathing.

Speaker 1

Then went to University of Georgia, got a graduate degree in forest business In between that kind of bounced around and did some forest management I was telling Brandon this morning went out, lived in Northern California for a little bit uh mobile alabama and then took a job after grad school in tuscaloosa and then got transferred to uh the borough and been here since and uh yeah, worked for a big company and uh, march 17th will be two years for brooksland and timber, which is exciting and pretty, pretty unreal um, so, so yeah, that's a little bit by myself.

Speaker 1

I've got a beautiful wife and two kids um a two and a half year old, and a toughest two and a half year old in the world man. He's a stud he's a stud, for sure he'll. He'll be on here, I'm sure, soon.

Speaker 2

He is talking full sentences and having a blast, so I bet yeah I will say this one one disclaimer about jay's quickest feet I've ever seen on a human being. We play churchley softball together and he'd be out there getting warmed up and I swear it's like he was doing some kind of celtic dancing and uh, it was some kind of uh warm-up you learned in football, I think, and I was like how is his feet moving that fast?

Speaker 1

just some fast twitch, I would have tore acl if I tried to do that, and so I had to compensate for for being 5'8 185 pounds as a running back in college so um, now you gotta, you gotta have something that makes up for it.

Speaker 2

So it was great man, that was a lot of fun until I got too old, yeah it'll happen.

Speaker 1

It'll happen, but yeah, that's a little bit by myself. Um, we're right, slap in the middle of burn season. So after I leave here where we got about, and I say we, I've got a forest technician, joseph lomax, that's working with me, and we've got about 100 acre track over in emmanuel county we'll be burning. Today. It's like a two-mile-an-hour wind and relative humidity is down to like 25%. So it should be a good spicy kind of low slow day.

Speaker 4

Yeah, I'm planning to burn this afternoon.

Speaker 1

It'll be a good day to get some leaf litter consumed.

Speaker 4

I've been watching the forecast and it's like, originally it said that the humidity was going to be like 38, and I was like, and it's like, originally it said that the uh humidity was going to be like 38 and I was like it's gonna be way lower. Oh yeah, no, yeah, midday, like two o'clock or something.

Speaker 1

I took a picture of it. It was um, yeah, it's gonna be spicy. Um, luckily, I mean, with a two mile an hour wind, you, you're gonna be okay. Um, yeah, let's see relative humidity. Uh, yeah, it's going down to like 26 percent at at 4 pm. So it would be. It would be a good one if you took a long lunch and then, uh, started a fire around one o'clock. You could roll it into the evening and have some success with it.

Speaker 2

So yeah, that's interesting yeah yeah, so what? What you know humidity are you looking for to burn?

Speaker 1

yeah. So really, I mean burning in general is one just a incredible tool. It's a very affordable tool, um, you can cover more ground than you could doing something mechanical, um, and it's cost very, very cost effective. Um, if your goal is, is is good fuel consumption, the lower the humidity the better. So not only do you have relative humidity, which is atmospheric humidity, you've also have you've got one, you've got one hour fuels and 10 hour fuels and that is the um, that is the moisture that is in again, that is in again the fuels that are on the on the floor and um the consumption, the lower that humidity is in those. Obviously, it's like firewood. After you have a rain on some firewood and you stick it on the fire, it's just going to smoke. It's not really going to burn or consume, whereas you got that firewood that's been south, facing on just direct sunlight, and it's dry.

Speaker 1

That suckle a thing will get consumed within no time. So yeah, um, so humidity is a big thing and a lot of people they'll look at it a little bit, but really that's. That's kind of the what you're looking for if your goal is full consumption.

Speaker 2

So I love how detailed jace is. He's like, he's like. So if your firewood's south facing like I'm never going to get firewood and be like I'm going to get the south facing firewood, I mean I guess I'm weird, like that it's not weird, it's just a lot of knowledge, man, you just know a lot about that stuff, so it just cracks me up.

Speaker 1

Well, it's because I have a firewood pile that is south-facing, so I know it's extra crispy. That's awesome, man, even if it has extra crispy and maybe spicy too.

Speaker 4

That's right. That's right. Yeah, that's good. So I mean, I read something this week. I wish I had saved this, but I read something this week about some research that was done about how we use fire in our country now and it looked or don't, or don't yeah.

Speaker 4

So it looked at fire rings on trees, right? So I mean they were going and taking samples. I'll think, if it wasn't a second I'll pull it up. Um, but it was. I mean, it was this since, since 1990, there has been such a drastic change. Like you saw one, like in the 1980s, you, you saw it was. You saw one like in the 1980s, you, you saw it was. We were still very active in burning and then, like in the 90s, it just dropped off and um, why?

Speaker 4

is that I mean and yeah, in your, in your view, I mean you're, you're living this yeah, for sure um, so smoky the bear was probably the the worst thing to happen for fire in general.

Speaker 1

Uh oh, so sorry, sorry about you if you're a big Smokey.

Speaker 2

the Bear guy, let's take him out.

Speaker 1

Yeah, that's right. So Smokey the Bear I mean in real, I mean it's a, it's a cute, cuddly bear that says only you can prevent wildfires. Well, no, the US government prevents wildfires because as soon as a fire happens, the first thing they do is try to suppress it. Well, over the historical landscape, I mean, we had Native Americans and we have natural lightning fires that take place and we are in a fire-dependent ecosystem here in the southeast, like I said earlier, I lived in Northern California and that's an extremely fire-dependent ecosystem. 90% of their trees over there are an evergreen conifer tree and and that type of tree species. It, it is fire. If you've ever lit pine straw, it, it catches fire and it carries fire. So when, uh, you've got propaganda or something that's created that talks about fire bad, that kind of, and you're raised in that environment I mean obviously everyone looks at it as a bad thing.

Speaker 1

Now, with that said, moving into now where we are now the last, I feel like 10, 15 years people are looking at the research, looking at historical norms and saying, oh, wow, actually fire is a really good management tool and here are the many scientific benefits of it. So, fortunately, I think we're gaining steam. I mean here locally in Statesboro. I mean it's not uncommon, I mean, to have two or three fire plumes in the area of people putting fire on the ground. So it's a breath of fresh air, air and there ain't nothing better than smelling a fire.

Speaker 1

I mean I love the, the smell of a campfire and I was looking smelling it earlier. I got all my like heavy shirts that I wear during burning. I always smell like smoke this time of year, so but, yeah, that would be. The thing is like early, early 80s, 90s and I mean honestly early 2000s. Fire was, is was still kind of looked at as negative. Um, like I said, because of smoke of the bear, and the first first thing you want to do is put out a fire. But realistically it's good to have fire keep rolling on the landscape. So, um, that'd be kind of my two cents on that.

Speaker 2

Yeah yeah, I always knew there was something I didn't like about him yeah, he's a little questionable, a little shady little, shady little sketch yeah yeah, sorry, smoky, I always thought you were cool man, yeah that little green hat. Yeah, it's too small for his well he doesn't have a shirt on too.

Speaker 1

Like what are you doing? Like you flexing on us?

Speaker 2

It's almost like a threat. It's like you start a fire. I'm coming after you, oh my.

Speaker 4

God, I got this shovel.

Speaker 3

Bad things will happen. That's right.

Speaker 2

Not only will I hit you with it, I will bury you with it. That's right.

Speaker 4

Oh man, this is great. We just took such a weird turn. This is great, such a weird turn.

Speaker 2

Yeah, I'm just a weird dude man.

Speaker 4

Oh my goodness, All right. So I mean so you think that it was a perception of if fire is good or bad is what caused the decline of using fire as a tool.

Speaker 1

I do, I really do, and um, and, and I think there's um, like regionally it's it's probably a little different, like out west, I mean they have wildfires and we hear about them all the time, like the most recent one, and I mean those are catastrophic events, like when you have over four or five thousand houses getting burnt to to an absolute, just just paper and ash, like that is that is hard to see, but as unfortunate as it is, like all that is preventable to an extent, like putting fire on the landscape, having active forest management or shrub management. In that region there's not really many trees, it's more just shrub and and again, it's a fire dependent ecosystem. The last fire in that area was in the 60s, so I mean that just shows you, it was just a tinderbox.

Speaker 1

I mean it's just yeah, it's just waiting for a spark or a homeless man to light a crack pipe. I hate to say it, but I mean that. I lived out there, I experienced it. It is a mess out there from an environment standpoint.

The Importance of Fire in Land Management

Speaker 4

So it's just years of bad management practices yeah, I mean, or zero management practices. Zero management Sounds like.

Speaker 1

There's regions that have active forest management and there's thinnings and stuff like that are taking place and the debris and stuff or the refuse and all that it gets taken down just with the management. But just over time. I mean, we've all seen those yard trees that have got three foot of pine straw up the base of them and it doesn't take a rock scientist to know that if that burns, all that duff layers is putting heat directly on the root system. Yeah, what's that tree gonna do?

Speaker 1

it's gonna die yeah, um and then next time fire comes through, that tree's gonna burn yeah, and then throw an ember half a mile down the road, yeah exactly, and I learned this the hard way.

Speaker 2

So when we lived out in middle ground, I was just cleaning the yard one day, susan and I we didn't even have kids at this point this is how young we are and so we're like 25 maybe and so I'd been burning the yard Well, burned down along the back of our fence, and I didn't know it, but at some point they had like a flower bed back there, and so there had just been layers and layers of pine straw. So I burned it that night. Um, I set a sprinkler on it just to like, I just didn't want it to catch back up, and went out next morning, cut it off. We go to church, come back, you know, get home about one o'clock, lay on the couch, take a nap. We're both laying there, sound asleep.

Speaker 2

Somebody knocks on the door. It's our neighbor. He's like I don't know if you know it or not, but your backyard's on fire. Oh no, and I'm like no, I didn't know it. I turn around and look, and we had French doors out the back and I look and there are literally flames going up these huge pine trees and I'm like oh my gosh.

Speaker 2

And so I take off out the back door and I yell to susan, like grab me some shoes, because I'm in a white t-shirt, shorts, no shoes. I look at one of our other neighbors is coming across. They're putting together hose pipes, you know. And so we get down there. Susan brings me bedroom shoes, like like moccasin slippers, and so I put them on. I jumped the fence. As soon as I jumped the fence, a hot coal like goes down in my shoe and I'm hopping on one foot.

Speaker 2

Believe it or not, we were able to contain it enough that it did go out and didn't thankfully we didn't burn down middle ground but um, but yeah that that had been sitting there. I had soaked it, but it burned down. We had a decent wind, just a good breeze that day, and it rekindled that fire grief man, it's.

Speaker 1

it's crazy and I will say I mean fire is definitely something that is a very useful tool, but but if done improperly, it can get spicy quick. So yeah, if you burn enough, it's about like you hear, when you turkey hunt enough you're going to miss a turkey, if you burn enough one's going to get out on you at some point.

Speaker 1

And just because there's so many variables wind and like we're talking about duff, it just sits there holding an ember and all it takes is wind to shift or the next day type deal. It's no fun when one gets out.

Speaker 4

No, it's not, it's not. I haven't had a fire get out in golly over 20 years, but when it, did happen it was not fun. It's a very memorable experience. I mean, it's like you're scrambling and you're trying to figure out.

Speaker 1

You know what do you do, where do you head this thing off at, You're first praying. Dear Lord, please don't let this turn into a head fire to wherever destination it's going. Just be a slow trickle on a backfire please.

Speaker 2

It was a definite panic man.

Speaker 1

I was like, oh my, my gosh that feeling is not fun absolutely not so that's crazy, that is nuts good times just add that to my list.

Speaker 4

Yeah, that's stupidity, you know it happens, it happens so so we we talk about that fire is not used that much anymore, or it's not used, yeah, it's not used that much, as you know, as compared to how it was historically, yeah you know, and you said that you think part of it is, um, you know, just the, just the perception, the perceived value of fire if it's something that's good for the environment or or dangerous or whatever.

Speaker 4

Whatever has created that, that perception or that belief, I guess. But you know, one of the things that I look at is I think that some of, uh, some of the forestry equipment that's available now, you know, you don't, you don't have to keep your forest floor clean anymore for somebody to walk through and cruise and somebody to walk through and and cut trees down yeah, yeah, I was.

Speaker 1

I was with a gentleman yesterday, um, in tombs county, just north of idalia, and uh, he got. He got absolutely blasted by the hurricane and it's terrible to see. He had 160 acres and it hadn't been touched since the hurricane and it just it's pick-up sticks. And just talking with him, talking about how his dad owned that land and 40, 50 years ago it was no thing for them on a weekend, just go burn off the understory. He said they would do it every year, every other year he's like to be honest, it hadn't seen fire in 20-plus years Just walking around every step crunch, crunch, crunch.

Speaker 1

Oh yeah, you got these trees everywhere and it's like holy smokes. At one point it was a norm, but it's not anymore. Straight up, he was like 75 year old and I he's like to be honest, I, I just I'm straight. I'm pretty scared yeah scared of fire.

Speaker 1

I said I understand. I said in the right environment it's, it's somewhat controlled. But you you've only got so much control of your, your environment. So, um, but yeah, that was an example. I mean just just yesterday running up on something, you could tell that at one point that forest was managed properly.

Speaker 1

But after a 45 year old loblolly, slash and longleaf kind of mixed stand that hasn't been thinned. I mean the visual there is you got very small canopy tops and little twigs sticking around, so just a lot of duff layer. But it doesn't take long. You blink your eyes and you don't manage something. But what you're getting at too, like like mulching machines now a lot of people, I mean they can just go through understory and just mulch it up now and it looks good. It keeps all the debris on the ground. So you still have got a lot of residual debris on the ground. We've got a bunch of companies around here that do that and that's great. That's an immediate cleaning up of the residual understory debris. But again, it still keeps that stuff on the ground Still needs to be burned.

Speaker 1

Still needs to be burned off. I mean, you could just let it kind of decay over time, but it is better to kind of keep. Keep that burn off um. But we're also in a region where it's not uncommon. You sat out here in front of the shop you'd see 20, 20 plus trucks in the next two hours of with logs on the truck. So we're in a region that we've got active forest management taking place, so we've got removal of um trees from the landscape anytime.

Speaker 1

You've got this equipment going back and forth on the ground and stuff like that, you're removing some of these fuels um, which makes a fire less intense um whereas we have other regions, like northeast Georgia, where you've got millions of acres of national forests that they hadn't had a cut down machine up there in 20, 30 years. One because there's no longer mills up there, but also it's just not.

Speaker 2

there's not a viable market to take any of the products to, unfortunately, I don't know if this is true, but something that I read was that one of the reasons there aren't as many deer in other game in North Georgia is because they won't cut. There's no food Like the canopies choked out all the food.

Speaker 1

If you look at the data and it's it's, it's honestly, it's mind-boggling. So there's less than one percent of the million acres that's up there. That's quote-unquote. Early successional habitat meaning less than 15 year old stand of wood gotcha less than one percent.

Speaker 3

One less than one-year-old stand of wood Gotcha. Less than 1%, less than 1%. That's crazy.

Speaker 1

And honestly, that 1%. There was a tornado that went through up there. I was a sophomore at Suwannee in the tornado. It's crazy to think this, but a tornado went from Tuscaloosa, alabama.

Speaker 1

The one that went through southern Tennessee. I was at Suwannee. We had three days of no power I mean it was blackout for three days up there. That same tornado from tuscaloosa went all the way through raymond county, georgia, where we, my folks, have got a lake house up there and I mean it tore up some stuff. But with that said, the Lord giveth and the Lord taketh, and he created a lot of early successional habitat with that tornado and it's been really cool to see over the years that the path that that tornado went. That is where all the game is and it's really cool to see that.

Speaker 1

So a lot of that you're 100% correct. All the game is, and it's really cool to see that. So a lot of that you're 100 correct. We could backtrack a little bit more. And just a little fun fact there's a american chestnut tree, uh, two-thirds of the forest in the appalachian mountains, uh, basin was chestnut tree. Gotcha, the mat, the apps, the, uh, the chestnut that was produced from that. I mean that is a huge protein packed, um nutrient thing, that that all critters bears at one time, uh, bison and elk in that region they used to eat on that. Well, the blight came in and there's, yeah, just wiped it just wiped it completely out.

Speaker 1

So not only did a huge food source disappear, but of course then fires off the landscape and all that. So it's, it's. It's not just one thing. You can't ever just point at one thing, but there's, there's a number of things that have caused a decline um in those type of regions.

Speaker 2

Yeah For sure that's interesting. So, jc, you think that it seems to me that burning has become very popular with hunters now, absolutely so. Do you think that that is something that I mean? Obviously that's increased the desire to burn around here. I mean, I know like you came out and did a management plan for us on our land, um, and part of that was getting to a place where we could do prescribed burning, which we were a few years away because of the size of the pine trees.

Speaker 1

We had pre-merchant stuff that you can't, it would. It would be, um yeah, stand replacing if we put a fire on it today, sometimes with the lack of deer we have it would burn it and start.

Speaker 2

That's right um, but it's uh, but no, I mean and and it was very helpful what you did, but I do know like a lot of people are itching to be able to burn for sure. Um, and they just burned a field, all because we see a lot of the fires around here. Are people burning fields?

Speaker 1

getting ready to plant. That's right.

Understanding Weather Conditions for Burning

Speaker 2

They burned the field next to us, one of the fields we don't own around our house, but it was crazy once it cooled off, the amount of just all kinds of game All over the place that were in it.

Speaker 1

I mean, it hadn't even started back turning green Greening up or anything, yeah.

Speaker 2

They're just out there eating seed and whatever they can find.

Speaker 1

If you ever look at it, the amount of bugs on a field, the amount of bugs that just get burnt to a crisp like the birds, it's a dang magnet. Turkeys, you name it they are just all up in there, little protein packs. I mean, it's a perfect little grazing spot for them.

Speaker 2

That's cool, yeah, yeah, I mean, it took, like you know, a day or so for it to cool off, and then there's dove, there's turkeys, there's all kinds of stuff that are just starting to come in there and you know I was double-checking the DNR site to see what I could shoot and there was evidently nothing.

Speaker 1

Nothing. Yeah, you got quail season, squirrel and rabbit for the end of the well. We got, I guess, two days left of February, but yeah, you're on the tail end of pretty much everything. But maybe furbear season, oh well, yeah. Ohbear season, oh well, yeah. Oh well, oh well, It'll be back.

Speaker 4

That's right, that's right.

Speaker 1

We'll blink our eyes a couple times, it'll be turkey season, that's right, it's almost here. That's right.

Speaker 4

Well, you're talking a little bit this morning about you know everybody tells you when you have kids that you know you're going to be amazed at how fast they grow up and all this kind of stuff. And nobody, everybody's always just like yeah, okay, whatever that's right okay, yeah, they're gonna grow up fast. Well, you're living it now you see what we've been telling you about. Thick of it for sure you know, I mean, and brandon, you are too.

Speaker 4

You know, you. You felt like people were telling you that you know, and now you've got a son getting married in October.

Speaker 2

I can remember sitting in the hospital room holding Dake, my oldest son, like two days old, and my father-in-law sitting across from me and me looking at him and saying I'm already dreading him going to college, and he just died laughing. And then, when it came time for us to take him, and saying I'm already dreading him going to college, and he just died laughing. And then, when it came time for us to take him to college, like that was one of the hardest days of my life, man and I was like I was at the office, at the church, and I just remember like going in my bathroom at the office and I was just, I just went ahead and let it out.

Speaker 2

I was just like, I mean just like ugly cry Because I'm like I don't want to do this, you know in front of him and in front of other people.

Speaker 2

And I get home and I'm watching him and I see him kind of load the final things into his truck and we're about to drive over and take him and he's just standing there kind of looking around, kind of like all right, not like he wasn't ever coming back, and he walked out there and squatted down and pet it, pet his dog one more time and I was like oh my gosh man, you might as well shot an arrow in my heart, man and so but it does go fast, but also, like the seasons go fast, like it's already getting close to Turkey season, it's already not far from time to start planting for spring stuff and summer.

Speaker 3

I mean.

Speaker 2

It's just, the good thing is there's very little time, that there's not something you can do if you enjoy the outdoors.

Speaker 1

So, thousand percent, yeah it. Uh, fortunately, I guess, in Georgia, our, our winters are extremely mild and and usually, usually, yeah, we did have snow this year. That was pretty, pretty awesome. Um, but yeah, for the most part there there's like you're saying, there's always something to be done and that, getting back kind of on um prescribed fire, I mean, the other thing we haven't really talked about is timing of the fire, and my recommendation is always if you want to burn, do it, and sometimes the easier times of the year to burn is your fall and winter time.

Speaker 1

Just because you've got a little bit more controlled environment, you get less green too. Yeah, less's right, that's right. Um, whereas kind of your growing season burns, so pretty much from now till may june, those are pretty spicy, um, but when you have your growing season burns, it really just comes down to what your goals and objectives are. If you haven't ever burnt a track and it's got a lot of duff layer and a lot of stuff, your fall and winter burn is probably better, a more controlled environment, whereas your growing season burn, you're really going to have an opportunity to neutralize and kill off some hardwoods and some less desirable.

Speaker 1

So that was just something else I wanted to mention, because timing is everything, and then we talked about earlier with conditions, that also plays a big factor. If we had just had a rain yesterday, obviously you're going to have a heavy dew the next day, so you're going to either have to start later in the day or you would wait another day to kind of let it dry off. So but if your goal is to like a prime example, like later the week we're going to burn off a two-year-old longleaf field, and like right now is a really good time to burn longleaf, like young longleaf, because they haven't budded out. So is that that terminal bud on a longleaf? I mean, it is a pearly white beauty and huge, but if that thing is is starting to bud out, it's susceptible to damage from fire.

Speaker 1

I mean the the needles are created in a way that the good lord created where it protects it. But again, timing is everything. If you wait till it buds out, you're obviously more susceptible to dinging those trees up. So right now we're on the front end of that and those buds are obviously still there, but they're not, um, flushed out and like they're not. They're not standing up. They're not standing up ready to get just neutralized by fire.

Speaker 4

So and you don't want to do that. No, because you set yourself back so much. I mean, that's already in the pine tree world. That's already a slow-growing tree.

Speaker 1

It's a snail for sure.

Speaker 4

But it is definitely the best tree if you can handle it. No longleaf, oh, you're just much more marketable and I'll say a lot of different markets to get. I mean you can. I mean you can get into a pine straw market, you know within eight, nine years, absolutely, and I mean, and that's, that's pretty, that's pretty crazy that you're able to do that, you know, and um, but there again, keeping that fire schedule is a big deal If you want to be harvesting pine straw.

Speaker 1

Yeah, you talk about a lot of fuel on the ground. Uh, uh, there's, yeah, pine straw operation. I mean that's that's the goal of is putting a lot of fuel on the ground. Um, and if you're not removing that fuel, I mean there's some tracks, I mean an eight year old long leaf stand. The first time you rake it. I mean you rake two inches off the top for that really crispy, good-looking stuff you see in the landscape. And well, you still got two or three inches of the brown gray stuff, that's just layered up there.

Speaker 1

So, yeah, so fire is definitely important. I was going to hit back on the longleaf side of things. And I was going to hit back on the longleaf side of things Like when you the crazy thing again, like how the Lord created that tree. I mean that tree was. I mean this region was a pine savanna region, so mainly grasslands with interspersed longleaf kind of throughout, and just because there was a lot of grazing animals and I mean you have Nativeicans that actively burn in the landscape and over, I mean the lord created this tree to where, when it's in a grass stage meaning it's between ages one and five years old it can stay in this what is called a grass stage.

Speaker 1

Well, this time of year, if fire runs through that um, pond stand and it and it, um, it kind of activates that tree and it'll, it'll start candling is what it's called but it'll have a rocket shoot type environment where a tree is a slow grower but when the fire hits it in the right stage, it actually it'll. It'll jump up and grow three foot in a season, which is nuts, um. So it's just cool to see how, again, fire can be used in a, in a, in a cool in a way that benefits not only you, the landowner, but the tree as well and the landscape around it.

Speaker 2

Yeah, yeah, so as a hunter and trying to manage game what are all the benefits of burning? Yeah?

Speaker 1

yeah, so well, there's a lot of benefits for sure. Um, one would be I'd kind of hit on it earlier on like the timing of burning. So, um, we've talked about before on this about kind of like mineral uh sites, like as a bow hunter. Okay, if you have a bow stand and you go around and you um cut a bunch of saplings off at shin high before the season, you'll have a bunch of stump sprouts and coppice. Um, that is literally just luscious good eating stuff for the, for the critters. Well, when you burn on the, a lot of these hardwoods are not as hardy towards fire, so it kind of restarts those areas and you'll see a lot of stump sprouts. So food source is a big benefit of fire. It creates a lot of food on the landscape. Fire it creates a lot of food on the landscape.

Speaker 1

You think about it. A deer, a turkey, a quail a deer is the tallest one. He, I mean he's probably three and a half foot off the ground and that's where their, their food source is three foot and down. A quail is, I mean, you're talking about centimeters. So when you're thinking about what these critters are eating, you got to think about, okay, when you walk in just a.

Speaker 1

We keep talking about pine stands. If you're in a, we'll just say a natural pine hardwood stand, I mean you walk around. Right now there's some stuff starting to get a little green, but for the most part there ain't much going on. Acorns already been ate months ago, yeah, but for the most part there ain't much going on. Acorns already been eight months ago, yeah, um, and other than that there's there's a couple forbs and stuff like that that might be around, if if there's, if we're lucky, um, but for the most part it's. It's a sahara desert out there from a food source standpoint. So burning kind of rejuvenates that understory and creates a buffet. I like to say is it creates a buffet for those critters. So that's, that's one huge benefit for hunters is creating.

Speaker 1

We don't have to plow it or do anything like that or put seed in the ground. That natural seed bank is there. It's just aggravating the, the duff layer and getting that bare mineral soil there to create what is already in the soil itself.

Speaker 2

That's good, and you've talked to me and taught me a good bit about either hinge cutting different types of things like that. So you're talking a little bit about combining both of those, yeah for the most part.

Timing Your Burns: When is Best?

Speaker 1

I mean, like the goal of the burn I'm doing today, we've, we've done. It's been on a two-year rotation. It's a it's a 26 year old law. Uh, lob, lolly, stand. That's been, uh, first thinned um, so it's probably at like a hundred and probably 100 basal area, 90 to 100 basal area. It's on good sandy soil so really doesn't have a lot of sweet gum and stuff like that, but it does have some hardwood component to it that are not desirable. So this guy is a very big turkey hunter and a very big deer hunter. So the goal is right now we're on the front end of turkey season so he wants a good blacked up, uh, he wants black dirt basically when he's turkey hunting, right, and so, um, the goal for him is making sure he restarts the understory, keeps it clean and clear but creates a really good huntable ground. But also I mean, I mean, we all know, I mean you you burn prior to turkey season or even within turkey season. Those birds flock to that area. Again talked about the just the food source that it creates.

Speaker 1

I mean, it's just, it's a magnet, um, but like the hinge cutting and stuff like that. Yeah, that's. I mean that would be, that's the mechanical uh like type of actually going in and cutting that Whereas the fire is is doing that work for you for the most part on a larger scale, yeah, yeah, what time of year?

Speaker 2

I was kind of shifting gears a little bit, but what time of year would you recommend doing the hinge cutting and or just completing cut, you know, completely cutting the trees, you know. Yeah.

Speaker 1

Um, from a hinge cut or even just like the mineral, uh, like cutting type stuff. Like I mean, I'm in the woods year round and it's a lot more enjoyable to be in the woods when it's cool outside, absolutely so it's a really good activity honestly this time of year, or even like december, january, february kind of, where you're on the tail end of deer season and you're looking for something to do or excuse to get outside.

Speaker 1

That's normally when I do those activities one because it's a lot more enjoyable to either have an axe or a chainsaw in your hand and you're not sweating death. So in my mind that's that's normally when I perform those but, you can. You can put that into the springtime too, because those trees are starting to uh, sap, rise and starting to get the juices flowing. So it's not too late right now, I mean by any means, you can do it all the way, uh, into spring so just just some time when there's going to be new growth that's right, that's right, absolutely gotcha.

Speaker 2

Yeah, I got into some of that last year after you. You came and looked at our land I had a lot of fun with this trying to create some areas it did. It didn't work. I didn't kill anything it wasn't your fault, it's just probably my hunting skill wasn't anything it's and it's a tool.

Speaker 1

It's a tool to put it in the toolbox, just like fire is there's again no, no silver bullet on that but like on the hinge cutting or those type of uh things are to create either bedding or screening or staging or even influence in the flow of the deer. A lot of the time is is if you strategically place, place that stuff on the landscape yeah you're.

Speaker 1

You're inhibiting the deer from going where that tree is hinge cut and they're having to walk around it, so you're creating pinch points and stuff like that so you can be strategic on stuff yeah, I was listening to something the other day.

Speaker 2

They were talking about, you know, um, getting in and out of the stand. Even absolutely like being able to create a screen to be able to get in and out of the stand, even absolutely like being able to create a screen to be able to get in and out of the stand without being detected, you know absolutely how a lot of times you see people put a tower, stand in the middle of a field and it's great for afternoon hunt to go, but then when you're getting down like you're, running everything out, everything out, yeah but being able to set up in a way that you can access it and get out without deer, knowing you're there, absolutely.

Speaker 2

So something I was thinking about doing this year is, you know, last year we planted a mix. It had some peas, some sunflower, some sorghum, some different things like that, and one of the things I noticed was the sorghum it got. You know, it gets really tall and it seems like to me I don't, and this is more of a question than anything but that that can get so tall and sometimes so thick that it might choke out a little bit of the other stuff growing under it yeah.

Speaker 2

And so one of the ideas I has, you know, thinking about screening, thinking about um, creating maybe a more comfortable environment for the turkeys or deer, whatever is coming in there is using the sorghum almost as a screening around the edge of plots and stuff like that, um, to let that grow up and leave that throughout the season, whereas we may go in and plant something else. Maybe september, early october? Yep, it's going to last through the winter, that's right, I don't know.

Speaker 1

No, you're, you're absolutely right. I I do that on a lot of clients properties where I I use a sorghum as almost like as a, an edge, like a soft edge. So, um, you've basically got a a, a stand, a timber or a hardwood edge or whatever and use that as a soft edge, meaning those deer and critters are using that as kind of a. If you've ever been in a deer stand, you've seen a deer before they stand out in a huge field they're going to kind of sit there and check everything out, but that soft edge makes them feel comfortable.

Speaker 1

Where they'll, they'll still step out yeah, that's 100 a great kind of transition edge um to use so so, john, I had a good idea yeah, there it is, hey there it is patent pending.

Speaker 4

Let's, uh, let's, let's write that down, that's right, getting the day off to a good start, that's right. That's right, my goodness you know. So, with everything we've talked about so far, I would say this if you're listening and you're getting excited about burning something and you've never burned anything before get somebody to help you that knows what they're doing. It's not that expensive to get somebody to come out and help. All right, I mean bare minimum. Contact the forestry office.

Speaker 1

Yeah, forestry commission for sure is a great resource.

Speaker 4

And get you a permit number.

Speaker 2

Disclaimer Bowtreader will not be held responsible for any structures that are burned down.

Speaker 4

Bowtreader and the Bowtreader podcast. You're not responsible for any of your stupidity. Yeah, but all right, so we've talked through this. It sounds like having a plan is a really good idea, a thousand percent Right, looking at it as a whole, not just saying I want to go out here and I'm going to burn this, or I want to mulch this over here, or I want to do some hinge cuts, because I've seen people get freaking carried away with the hinge cuts.

Speaker 4

Oh, yeah, yeah, you walk out to go to go to hunt with somebody, or? Or they'll want us to come look at something for them, like hey, can you help us put a food plot in over here? And we'll go over and look at it and I'll I'll be like, hey, what?

Speaker 1

what happened over here? What happened right?

Speaker 4

over there. Well, we put some hinge cuts in.

Speaker 2

Y'all got hit hard with that storm.

Speaker 4

Yeah, I was like dude, you shouldn't like cut everything.

Speaker 1

Yeah and yeah I use hinge cut kind of sparingly just because that's a big term, like in the mid midwest, because they don't have. They don't have markets out there for timber, whereas here, like we can, we can cut timber and and get it gone. Yeah, you talk about ugly. A hinge cut is about one of the ugliest things you can see in the world. So yeah, you're?

Speaker 4

you're basically cutting a tree down, but but say, it, but say and hang on. Just just hang in there, buddy, for as long as you can. I'm going to leave you, connected to this, to this route you know to do, you don't need to do anything.

Speaker 1

Don't get you, don't order your drip torch or get your your fuel mixed up. I mean you have to have a plan.

Speaker 1

Secondly, once you have that plan, establishing fire breaks is 100, that is that is part of the plan that is the plan so that is part of the plan either you set up, uh, put a set of hairs on your tractor and you you kind of two, three, pass it and get it, get it nice and bare sole. Or again you you reach out to your georgia forestry commission or if you have a forestry commission in the state, if you're where you're listening, they have the resources and the ability to do. It's a very affordable thing. It's an hourly uh rate and, honestly, for a dozer operation it's a. It's a very affordable oh, it's.

Speaker 4

They used to charge by the mile. Yeah, um, but yes, it's by the hour now yeah, it's like here in georgia.

Speaker 1

It's um like 225 bucks for the first hour and then, and that's just that's a mobilization fee and everything and then it's 140 or 150 dollars don't quote me on that per hour post that first hour and y'all listen in an hour a lot of fire break can be laid down A lot of fire break, I mean, because this dozer's going through, he's got a big V-blade on the front and he's got a plow on the back that's just throwing big berms on the side.

Speaker 4

You're essentially one pass and you've got a fire break In most places. I I mean there's sometimes where you get into something, where it's where it's wet, he needs to hit it more than once. Or um, some larger trees, he's got to get pushed out of the way or something like that. But usually one pass and and you're good game time yeah, absolutely so it's not like you know, don't.

Speaker 4

Don't hear us say all right, you've got 225 for your first hour, and then 140 or 170 or whatever it is, for each additional hour. It's not like you're going to have them out there for 12 hours.

Speaker 1

No, no, no.

Speaker 4

They might be at your place for an hour and a half or two hours or three hours or something, just depending on the size.

Speaker 1

And honestly, I mean when I've got clients and when I'm setting up tracks, I use my, I mean my fire breaks are essentially an extension of a road system and any if you're wanting to add value to any property, being able to access parts, every bit of that, that track. Roads are a huge asset. They can also, from a hunting standpoint, can can hinder you because you want to access everything and blow everything out of the woods. But all things considered, I mean fire breaks are essentially road systems for you. So fire breaks huge, huge part of that plan.

Speaker 1

Second is we talked about it earlier is weather conditions and timing, and not all of us can just Monday through Friday. We, most of us, are working and not able to do that, so you kind of limit yourself. If you're a, if you're a weekend warrior, and weather conditions are a huge thing, you've got to pay attention to wind direction, wind speed again, relative humidity. When was the last time it rained? If it's super, super dry, are you susceptible to hurting some, banging up some trees that that are going to? Uh, it's going to hinder you from adding value to your pocket down the road from a stand standpoint. So coming up with a plan, fire breaks and then really looking at what your weather conditions are and if it's a good time to burn. Um, there's a couple good resources that I use. Uh, there's a website called windfindercom, I mean, and you type in your location, it gives you and I don't. I don't know how they know, but like literally, you could look up tomorrow's wind at 2 pm and it tells you the direction it's pretty accurate in the winds.

Speaker 1

It's unbelievable, yeah, it's pretty it's unbelievable. I literally there's, there's time, what's?

Speaker 1

the name of that again I think it's windfindercom, um, but I mean, literally you put a pin on where you're gonna go, but and I didn't. I thought this thing was. I mean, I knew it was good, but there was a day where I, um was burning. And I knew it was good, but there was a day where I was burning, I knew it was going to be a long day burning. It was a big, big track that windfindercom told me at 2 pm. From 8 am to 2 pm, my wind was going to be coming out of the northwest at 6 to 7 miles an hour, it's. It said. At 2 pm my wind was going to shift out of the northeast. I was like I mean, really like is it gonna do 180? Like there's no way, or sorry, not northeast. It came, it was saying it was coming out of the north, uh, the southeast. So literally, so literally, literally 180. And I was like man, there's no way.

Speaker 4

Well, jokes on me, jokes on me it turns, uh, it turns a backfire, backfire to head fire.

Speaker 1

So there's, there's some things. You just got to kind of be cognizant of that, because wind is normally a thing that you and I, we, we, wet our finger and stick our finger in the air. I mean, that's normally the strategy, dude, I always I'm shaking the app I've got like um cotton weed yeah, throwing in the air same, because I I'm not.

Speaker 4

I always want to back burn always I mean there are times like I burned in june yeah, a couple years ago that's right, because I was trying to kill gallberry and privet, yep, and I wanted that fire hot and I did a head fire, buddy.

Speaker 4

I mean, let me tell you something, that's fun, it was Spicy. You know, my wife comes out on the front porch because it was close to the front of the house. From the front of the house, and when that stuff starts hitting in June, I mean it's white smoke, it's like jet fuel and it's popping and everything and she comes outside.

Speaker 1

She's like what?

Speaker 4

is going on Because she's used to me burning. It's always, you know, slow trickle. Real calm and little small fires about a foot and a half high, you know that are just kind of working their way across. Uh-uh, not this, yeah, uh-uh, yeah, not this time it still didn't kill a lot of it.

Speaker 1

I killed a lot of it, but not not as good as I wanted to and it takes time. Yeah, some of that stuff I, the track I burnt two days ago, uh it it was heavy gallberry and we, we, actually we burn that track basically every year just because that it's in. Really, it's off of 15 mile creek, super fertile soil and that stuff just grows like gangbusters and I I have to rip head fires through that just to get oh yeah, you have to to try to kill that stuff.

Speaker 4

I mean, you're not going to outside of that, but anyway. So having a plan, yep, you know, having a long-term plan is absolutely no, not just going into it with you you know doing this for this year and then you know everything's going to be great. I would say, use mulching sparingly.

Speaker 1

Yeah.

Speaker 4

I love the way it makes it look.

Speaker 2

Yeah.

Speaker 4

But in my experience, where you mulch and I've used mulching more than once it makes it more difficult to burn afterwards. Pulls up moisture. Because you're mixing your fuel types. When you do that, you're taking that big fuel and you're grinding it down and putting it down there with your small fuel and it just chokes it all out and it just becomes a wet mess, you know, and it takes years to get past that it does and that in and of itself is still good for the soil.

Managing Wildlife Habitats for Deer and Turkeys

Speaker 4

you know it, it um as far as, as far as your larger trees go. But when you're, when you're doing what I'm wanting to do, and that's create a bunch of layers in the habitat for a lot of different critters, when you take that bottom layer and you put a mat over the top of it, it is very hard to get layers. Yeah, I mean, it's almost impossible.

Speaker 2

Your trees look great, so it might be good for, like widening roads, stuff like that it has.

Speaker 4

it has its purpose but if you're, if what you're wanting to do, standpoint yes, it's not, yeah if what you're wanting to do is create layers for, for your habitat, for your game, and that's that's what that's what I'm after, you know. I mean going out and eradicating, um, bobcats and foxes and stuff like that is not the key to having a quail population. Given quail natural habitat they're able to go and hide from stuff in is the answer.

Speaker 1

Yeah, a thousand percent. All the research shows that is, habitat management is the key to any successful wildlife plan. And, just like john was saying, creating not only a plan but executing that plan. Create, creating habitat and improving that habitat. Gives, gives, does really good fawning habitat not only from a food source, but an escape cover, a loafing area for poults, a brooding area for for it's so much more. It's such a complex thing.

Speaker 4

Yeah, there's so much more to it than just food. Yeah.

Speaker 2

From a hunter standpoint.

Speaker 4

You're like, all right, we're going to put a food plot.

Speaker 3

Well, dude, that's like that's a little bit of time that your animal needs to stay alive.

Speaker 4

The Lord's going to give them food, yeah Right. He's going to give them food. Yeah, right, right, he's gonna give them food. But if you want to keep that deer, you want to keep those turkeys, you want to keep this quail where you want them to be, give them a place to live.

Speaker 2

Yeah, I think we've got a track that we hunt and it's. It's amazing that you would think it would hold deer, because it does have laying and stuff like that, but the food sources just aren't there either, and so the time we see, we seldom get good deer on camera until the rut, and then they're cruising, they're cruising yeah. And it just doesn't hold them. And so we've been trying to figure out how do we, how do we create a better habitat to those deer? Stay there, you know.

Speaker 1

Yeah, you got to think about if you were living on the landscape, if you have somewhere to lay your head. You got water to drink and bathe and you got a food source. You got the trifecta. You got the trifecta and you got to think about this on a scale of not a human what, what, what a human could survive on, but what a a critter is going to live on, and not just a blip on the radar of of just the fall hunting season we're talking about through spring, through summer, through the, the transition of these seasons, um, yeah, so you got to think about that on the landscape side of things.

Speaker 1

So, again, coming up with a game plan on that is is crucial. Um, when I do those, I mean again, your first, your first thing is really come up with what your goals are. If your goals are timber management, you're going to be more on the timber management focus and you're going to want to allow those trees to do exactly what they need to do. If your goal is I want to grow big deer, sea deer, and have some turkeys, then that's your goal and let you you customize and you're going to do some things differently.

Speaker 4

You're going to absolutely I mean, you're good, I'm just telling you it's going to look a little bit differently if what your goal is is to create habitat wildlife habitat.

Speaker 2

So let me, let me throw another idea. For sure, this is always dangerous, but um right back up, yeah uh.

Speaker 2

so one of the things I I think about too is so many people plant food plots to hunt over, right and so. But my thing was this year is I was not as concerned concerned to have a food plot to hunt over as I was to have good food plots when the season was over, because I'm thinking something for them to eat when everything else is gone A thousand percent. So we had tons of acorns, we've got tons of ag. Tons of acorns, we've got tons of ag, you know. And so if I'm planting a one acre food plot, that might be great, but when I've got a hundred acre peanut field, yeah, peanuts or cotton.

Speaker 2

I mean, you know my, my one acre food plot is not making a huge difference at that point. But once those peanuts are gone, you know what are my and I've got these different food plots around to me. That was what I was going for. More um is what are they going to have to eat once everything else is gone?

Speaker 1

so yeah, that's, that's a way of doing it, for sure. And uh, we always think when we're walking the woods we're like man. Acorns are something that can sustain these critters for a long period of time. Really, you think about it, they're falling on the ground and as soon as they hit the ground I mean it's a short time horizon. So, like you're saying, looking at it on a landscape standpoint, we do have a pile of agriculture around here. Well, cotton's only malleable during the early season.

Speaker 1

Um, and you'll see deer in that they just wear it out and the farmers just, oh yeah, they get after it. Um uh, peanuts, the same way, peanuts, deer, get after it. Now when they turn the peanuts, obviously there's going to be some some eating of that, but for the most part not really Cotton. Once they spray it and defoliate it, it's just a hard stick.

Speaker 4

They're not going to eat it.

Speaker 1

But, like you're saying, so those are things that we can depend on, or they can depend on certain times of year, but, like you're saying, post that field getting harvested and it just being bare dirt or whatever or whatever was left over after the cottons picked. Uh, you got to think about that.

Speaker 2

Some people were like well, I mean, your food plots are just now really looking good and I'm like yeah, yeah, like that's what I, that's what I was really wanting was you know, I mean when they don't have anything. That's one of them.

Speaker 1

Yeah, the hard part too is like I think this last year we were texting Our dry season is October. Oh gosh man. So like when we're supposed to be putting food plots in the ground, like the whole month of October this last year like we didn't get a drop of rain.

Speaker 2

Or we got 12. Or we got 12, or we got 24, yeah so it was like the the extreme.

Speaker 1

So most people either plant in september, they get excited for bow season, they're playing food plots, and then we literally had a month of zero, right, not a speck of rain. And then, yeah, the first rain we got was 12 to 15 inches depending on where you were, and it's like holy smokes and you know.

Speaker 2

And we you know, me and one of my sons we were going back and forth. He's like we need to plant, we need to plant, and I'm like no, and I mean you can just kind of see it. And then we get the rain and it's like 12 inches and he's like I told you we needed to plant it and I was like, dude, if we had planted that we'd have one 10-foot radius that was incredible, because all that seed would have been right there.

Speaker 2

But it's hard to judge, but I know just from years of watching it we don't get rain in October. We don't, we really don't.

Speaker 4

That's peanut harvest season.

Speaker 2

Man, it is yeah it's very, very, very seldom that we have much rain in october.

Speaker 3

Yeah, that's why I focus on water sources in october for hunting that's smart a buck needs six liters of water a day a mature buck. Yeah, pre-rut, so it is. That's why. That's why he killed that buck in.

Speaker 4

October.

Speaker 2

That's where I killed that buck. That's a wealth of knowledge.

Speaker 4

That joker dropped him in the creek.

Speaker 3

That's awesome, man Hunt water sources. You killed your deer October 29th. What was that? 22 yards from a creek.

Speaker 4

Also, our rut here is between October 20th to the 30th of October, for for the most part, oh yeah it's a lot earlier than a lot of people it is, it is so again, they're needing some water because they're running, running laps well, and people will come in in november talking about the rut and I'm like dude, you're seeing some secondary stuff yeah, you're seeing the second cycle.

Speaker 2

You're seeing some idiots running around being like, I think, this girl's still hot I think what happens. You do hear of a lot of big deer being killed the first, maybe second week in november, but I honestly think what happens is a lot of those does get bred and those bucks are traveling more.

Speaker 4

They are to try to find one, like you said I think, and I think part of it is it's cooling off of people are hunting more.

Speaker 2

That's right, they're in the woods. More you know so um, a mature buck.

Speaker 3

He's gonna find his little area, his little honey hole. He's gonna stay there with his does. So you gotta find that and then find his food source and get in the middle.

Speaker 4

Yeah, well, the ones that you're seeing traveling are younger. They're younger bucks Right, and the ones that are breeding more are going to be two-and-a-half to three-and-a-half-year-old bucks Right, it's not your five-and-a-half, six-and-a-half, seven-year-old bucks.

Speaker 3

No, they're old, they're breeding that often, yeah I mean they're still breeding.

Speaker 4

But I mean it's they got, they got some does that they're friends with that. The does come to them. That's right. That's right what's up girl. Yeah, that's right, ladies, you know, but I mean anyway, uh, I don't know how that conversation goes, but anyway, but all right.

Speaker 4

So so we've got this. What we talked about this morning is that when we're looking at land management practices, the key to any of it is having a plan period. I mean, and that's why I think having a good forester is such a good idea that's a shameless plug for Jace. Appreciate you.

Speaker 2

Called Brooks Land Management. Yeah, that's right. Yeah, that's a shameless plug for jace. Appreciate you all right, but brooks land man? Yeah, that's it.

Speaker 4

But I mean seriously. I think if you're, if you're going to do something, if you can have a good forester that is willing to, um, you know, look at whatever your goal is and help build a program, build a plan around that goal, then then that's what you need to be able to get somewhere, and I think it's critically important for us as well, you know from a vertical from a spiritual standpoint, that we have a game plan right.

Speaker 4

I mean, brandon, you teach every week and your goal every week is to help people grow closer to jesus yeah right? I mean, you may be talking about different parts of the bible each week, but you have a plan of what you're doing, right? You never? You never wake up on sunday morning and you're like well, I don't know what I'm going to teach on today, but here we go, boys. No, I'd never do that.

Speaker 2

I will say this it's not intentional. It's just sometimes you pray, pray, pray, read, study, and the Lord just decides hey, I'm going to give it to you at 8.55, when you're going out there at 9.

Speaker 4

You never argue with the Lord.

Speaker 4

Actually we do argue with the Lord a lot, but I mean so when I'm looking at you know, not from a leading standpoint, but from my own personal spiritual growth. You know I want to be doing things every day intentionally to grow closer to god, and what I mean by that is I want to know, I want to know more about his character. I want to know who god is as best as I can, because he's holy and is set apart from me, but he doesn't hide who he is from me, right, right, that's the coolest part about the God that we serve, the God, the creator, god of the universe is. He wants a relationship with us. So I want to do something every single day intentionally to grow closer to him, and part of that is having a plan when I go to open his word.

Speaker 2

Yeah.

Speaker 4

You know, I mean I know. I know, over the course of a year I'm going to read. You know, I'm going to read the book of Proverbs 12 times, right, because there's 31 chapters of Proverbs.

Speaker 2

There's a lot in there, man.

Speaker 4

There's 31 chapters in Proverbs and most months have 31 days, and so I can read a chapter a day and go through the book of Proverbs every month Can you recite the book of Proverbs. That would be kind of cool, what a flex.

Speaker 4

That would have been better than Spunky the Bears. That would definitely be a flex. I do go through and memorize scripture, um, and I think it's important to do that, but large swaths I'm not. I'm not good at it and a lot of the scripture that I have stored is just from repetitive reading.

Speaker 2

It's not, and there's nothing wrong with this and I would encourage this a lot of people will write down a verse on the index card, put it on their dash and for that week or whatever, that's the scripture they're memorizing. I think that's a great idea, but, just like repetitive reading is where a lot of that comes from, is just being in it. You know, and. But I think the plan is so valuable and we have and jace was talking about this earlier, I don't think we were recording it, but we have what's called a 412 reading plan. It comes out of Hebrews 412, that God's word is living and active, sharper than a double-edged sword that passage, and so it comes out of that, and so we lay out a year-long reading plan for folks to go by.

The Role of Fire in Rejuvenating Ecosystems

Speaker 2

But then too, if there's, if you're out there and you don't have one, you can go online and find all kinds of reading plans or download the Bible, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the got hundreds of reading plans that, if you know you want to read something and have a reading plan based off of, you know, anxiety or biblical manhood or whatever. They're there and you can find them, but it's almost like that thing of you know, if you y'all help me with this quote, but it's like if you you know, failure to plan is planning to fail Y'all know what I'm talking about.

Speaker 2

That sounds about right, we'll go with that. Yeah, a wise man once said that's right. It wasn't me, no, I just heard it Anonymous quote.

Speaker 4

Yeah, anonymous quote.

Speaker 2

You know, it kind of goes like this you say so-and-so as so-and-so said, and then you say I've heard it said. And then you say, as I always say, that's right, that's kind of the. You just kind of start owning it.

Speaker 4

You just adopted it. Yeah, that's right At some point, it becomes yours.

Speaker 2

I love it. Everybody else knows it was George Washington.

Speaker 1

That's right, but you just think he came up with it.

Speaker 1

We're talking about a plan. The 412 reading plan is one that I go off of as well, but, just like Brandon was saying, I'm on the road a lot. So I have the Bible app and this year I told myself I'm going to go through the entire Bible, and again there's a plan for that. I'm going to go through the entire Bible, and again there's a plan for that. I think of the 365 days. I think the plan is like 340 days, but it reminds you. You can set up a timer and it'll remind you, and so for me, like right now, I'm working through the Bible front to back, and so while I'm on the road, I let that thing play.

Speaker 4

Tell me why you want to do that.

Speaker 1

Say that again.

Speaker 4

Why do you want to do that?

Speaker 1

Why do you want to get through the Bible? Well, for me, I haven't done it front to back, so for me, it's just something that I really like to do In the 412 reading plan. Right now we're reading in the book of Acts, and there is a lot of prophecies that are fulfilled.

Speaker 1

So, for me, going front to back allows me to remind myself of Old Testament, just really seeing the whole story front to back, and so for me it really helps me build my faith and build just knowledge as a believer. It allows me to connect the dots and really just make my faith that much more concrete.

Speaker 2

Yeah, I love when you go through the Old Testament, you see things, but then you go back to the New Testament where there's Peter standing up on the day of Pentecost and he's preaching this message and he's saying you know, he's basically saying this is that?

Speaker 3

Yeah.

Speaker 2

Yeah, he's going. You remember when God promised to pour out his spirit? And one of the most humorous things in that whole day of Pentecost is they're saying they're drunk because they're speaking in tongues. And Peter's defense of them not being drunk is not because, guys, y'all know we don't drink. He's like look, guys, it's nine o'clock in the morning it's too early he's like it's nine o'clock in the morning.

Speaker 1

I mean maybe, maybe, maybe at three yeah, maybe at three, but right now it's not, I just probably made somebody mad, but anyway.

Speaker 4

He was being very practical.

Speaker 2

Absolutely. Come on, it's nine in the morning, yeah, exactly.

Speaker 4

They're not just speaking in gibberish.

Speaker 1

Everybody can understand, right From all nations.

Speaker 4

I mean, that is we won't go down that road. This morning about the whole speaking in tongues thing and all that.

Speaker 2

That is a conversation for a different time of day yeah, you open up a big door, big camp. Yeah, but it's extremely interesting to see how that whole thing plays out, how that prophecy in the Old Testament plays out in the New.

Speaker 1

Testament. I just love that so much.

Speaker 4

You've heard it described before that these prophets. It's almost like they were. You know, it's almost like if you look across a mountain range and you're looking at the tops of the ridges they're very close together. But actually to get from the top of the ridges. Yeah, yeah, very close together, yeah, but actually to get from the top of this ridge to the top of that ridge it might take a 20 mile walk.

Speaker 1

Right, right.

Speaker 4

You know. So when you're looking at the idea of biblical prophecy, it looks like these things are going to be.

Speaker 2

You know real close together, yeah, you know, but they're not. Well, yeah, but they're not. Oh yeah, there's so much time between them. Yeah, you read, even like the book of Daniel, or you read Exodus or whatever it might be. You read Genesis and the life of Joseph, and it seems like these incredible things are just happening day after day after day after day after day, but they're years apart, and so I think sometimes in our life we're like, well, I don't feel like God's doing anything.

Speaker 1

Yeah, well, it's like Again, that's our timing and not God's timing. Yeah, absolutely.

Speaker 2

Yeah, one of my favorite things about reading Scripture and it takes endurance in the Word, it takes perseverance to just be steadfast in reading. But it's almost like it this is the way I describe it. If you stay in it long enough and you read the spectrum of scripture like you're talking about jace and you get a picture of the whole story 66 books that tell one story. What begins to happen after a certain amount of time is it's like the dividers begin to come out of the Bible.

Speaker 2

And it all begins to connect. But it takes time in the Word to begin to be able to see that. But when that begins to happen, it becomes so exciting. Begins to happen. It becomes so exciting Because when you first start reading the Bible I know, for me at least it felt like there were a lot of disjointed comments. It's like you've got this over here and then you've got this over here and I'm like why are they killing everything, like I don't get it? I mean, did they? Just like, I mean why?

Speaker 3

And then Leviticus. Yeah, like.

Speaker 2

Leviticus, and you get into all of that and you're like, why? But then, as you study more, you read more, you spend more time with God, the dividers start coming out and all of those things start connecting. And all of a sudden the light bulb starts going off and you're like, oh my gosh, like this is written over thousands of years, hundreds and hundreds of years, and it all connects seamlessly. And that's when you go.

Speaker 4

this book really is divine you know thousand percent so it's pretty cool so you said what you are using is called the 412 reading plan and that's something y'all put together yeah, it's on our website if somebody wanted to go get it all right just under resources dub what you you've been using something. Is that something that you were looking at through right now? Media yes okay, tell us about what you were going through I'm not a fan by kyle ottoman okay series you put together.

Speaker 4

Yeah, that's great book all right, so tell us about it. Let's hear it. You told me it was so good the other day you watched every single one of them.

Speaker 3

You couldn't stop watching it, not in one day.

Speaker 4

Not in one day. Tell us about it.

Speaker 3

What is it about being a follower, not a fan, of Jesus?

Speaker 2

What's the difference?

Speaker 3

A fan shows up at church on Sundays, maybe Wednesdays, and just praises and leaves a follower, spends time in the word and praise and all that stuff.

Speaker 1

It's good Seven days a week, not just the checking the box, like that's something we get in the rut of, of checking the box and and doing our our, our saintly duty of showing up but not again. I always look at it this way. I'm obviously in a relationship with my wife. I'm married to my wife. That's good, that's right. But I'm just saying I do. I love her very, very much.

Speaker 2

His family is awesome, I love them, I'm very blessed.

Speaker 1

But if I'm wanting to sustain a relationship with my wife and I don't talk to my wife for a week, that's a bad move. That's not a relationship. That's no longer something that's taking place. You look at that from a spiritual standpoint. I always point to this If I don't pray or get in the word of God for a week or three or four days, that's equivalent to you not having, you're not having a conversation, you're not, you're not connecting, you're not building on that relationship. So it's, it's, it's not, it's not there.

Speaker 2

Yeah, relationship requires time together time together. That's it communication and love um understanding towards one another, um, those, those kinds of things, I mean those obedience. Yeah, we basically do what she says. It's like with God, just like with God.

Speaker 4

Yeah, there, there needs to be obedience in your relationship with your wife.

Speaker 2

Right.

Speaker 4

And that needs to be reciprocal obedience. You know where y'all have things that are all right. This is, this is my responsibility. I'm going to take care of this and I'm going to be obedient to this responsibility. It's the same thing with with your wife and it's it's not some kind of you know, taskmaster, domineering relationship thing. Is that the two of you?

Speaker 2

are going through life to help each other. Yeah for sure. That's the whole point. Yeah, and the whole thing of even submission gets taken. It gets such a bad rap where, if you look at how abuse has taken place through the word submission, it's no wonder that when women today hear you know wives submit to your husband, you know it's like I ain't submitting, you know, like because it's been abused so much. But the way God designed it is really a beautiful thing it's the Smokey Bear effect.

Speaker 4

Yeah, it really is. Dang, smokey, dang Go full circle. It's changing the perception of what it's like.

Speaker 2

Yes, and it's. You know, I wrote one book that was a raving success, Best seller, best seller New York Times actually. But I had another book on my heart that I really would like to write, and it would be something to do with deconstructing, because deconstructing our faith is a big thing right now. Right, people are deconstructing their faith, they're walking away from christianity. But I'd like to write something along the lines of deconstructing an unbiblical worldview, because what the world's done is, it's created a worldview for us that does not line up with scripture. And so, even when it comes to submission, we have this unbiblical understanding of submission. And you know, for a wife to be submissive to her husband, first of all we got to back up and read Ephesians 5, like 20 and 21, where it says be submissive to one another, and so you know.

Speaker 2

And then, if you look, at it and then look at what it says calls the husband yes, love your wife so it gives like one or two sentences to the, to the wife, and then it's like all right, husbands, take that, multiply that by 10 and live that out daily.

Speaker 2

Yeah, and it's like so, really and truthfully, if we're living a life in Christ. Most women are going to like that. Yeah, you know, most women are going to be like. Women want a man who loves them, like Jesus, and they may not know it because they may not have ever seen it. Yeah that's true, a thousand percent.

Speaker 4

That's really good man um so I've always wondered what that book not a fan.

Speaker 2

I've never read it. Yeah, yeah, kyle kyle, uh, but we did give you a plug and the millions, the millions of listeners you're gonna sell two books.

Speaker 1

Kyle, that's right.

Speaker 4

Anyway, I've always wondered. I've heard a lot of quotes from that book and everything I've always wondered what it was.

Speaker 3

Yeah, Dr John quotes that book a lot.

Speaker 4

Yeah, he quotes it a lot. I've heard it in some other places and stuff like that on podcasts and stuff. But yeah, I think you know, we guys love to talk about having a plan to do stuff outside A thousand percent. You know whether it's burning or managing land, or you know getting our boat ready to go fishing or whatever you know and I've got just Shooting your bow consistently.

Speaker 1

Yeah, yeah I don't know why I talk about that. I was about to say she's not as fun. Never get a bow. I'm sorry.

Speaker 4

Did I say that I'm sorry my gosh Shots fired. Brandon is so thankful he's had the opportunity to be on the Bowtripper podcast.

Speaker 4

Unfortunately, today is his last day, but we're going to pretend that we miss him and uh but, but, um, just working to have that plan for all those things that are fun, you know, working to have a plan for you know I talk about it so often. I think that it's. I think the vertical, vertical part of our lives is a part that we just consistently neglect. Yeah, and I don't think we intentionally neglect it, like I don't, I don't think it's an intentional. I don't really care about my relationship with God, you know. I mean, sometimes, maybe it is because sometimes people you know will just have a warped view about what being in a relationship with the Lord is, what Christianity is, and feel like, okay, well, I've secured salvation, I'm good, I don't have to worry about anything else. Right, and to me that couldn't be any further from the truth.

Practical Stories and Experiences with Burning

Speaker 2

Yeah, and you think about what it shows, about the importance of it to us, because when we get busy, what's typically the first thing to go is our time with the Lord. And I even think about, like, in finances, a bank is going to be more reluctant to loan you money to go buy a jet ski than a house, and the reason for that is they're pretty confident you're going to want to keep your house but you might be willing to just let that jet ski go, you know, and for us, like what's more important, like our time with god or going and doing other things, you know what I mean it's the priority of what is important For me. Honestly, if you look at what I do, I have the luxury of my job puts me in the Word. You always hear the danger for pastors is just going to the word to get a message. But you teach Sunday school. You could do the same thing is I'm just going to the Bible. You live small group, you know. So you could just be going to the Bible to get a lesson, just to get something.

Speaker 2

But for me, what I find is, even when I'm preparing a message, it is an opportunity for me to go to the Word and say God, what are you teaching me? Because what I want to teach is I want to go teach people what I'm learning. I don't want it just to be head knowledge, I want it to be something that God has put this in my heart and this is something I have to say, or it's gonna just eat me alive, you know, and so I think for me that's a, that's an opportunity that I I have on a daily basis. Um, but I know, before I was in ministry it was just something it's almost like working out. If you're going to stay fit, you've got to show up every day.

Speaker 2

You don't have to show up tomorrow because you can't, you just show up today. I think it's the same thing with God's Word If we're going to really grow and not have something else to do, because Jesus is someone to know. But it takes that consistency and showing up every day.

Speaker 1

Yeah, I mean we're called to make disciples of all nations and we all have our own platforms and sphere of influence and if we're not in the Word, something's pulling at us or taking our attention. So something I always look at. We're talking about planting, I mean, and preparing the soul for the critters, but for us I mean Brandon preaching on a Sunday. He's speaking on what the Lord's doing in his heart, and it's not that everyone has to come to Christ off that message. What he's simply doing is sowing seed. And if that person is changed and has a heart change, they're going to have some water, they're going to have some brothers and sisters in Christ. They're going to pour into them and water that seed and water that seed.

Speaker 1

And then there will be a time where they come to the realization of wow, this is this, is this is real and this is what I want, and I think that's something we have to remind ourselves too is like this is bigger than ourselves, like, and it's hard to remember because we are a selfish, selfish creature and um. So really thinking about it from that perspective as well is something I have to, I have to remind myself daily, because you start getting in your own head and thinking about yourself and yourself only. And again, this isn't about us, this is about furthering the kingdom and in some capacity. So that's something I always have to remind myself and it's again we're not called to make everyone a believer, but we are called to share the word and to be a believer and to live a life that exemplifies that. And just planting seeds and who knows, it could be, it could be a month, it could be 20 years down the road, but that seed could say stay dormant in that soul, and just the right amount of water will germinate that thing.

Speaker 4

The thing that I remind people of all the time is that you may never get to see that harvest.

Speaker 2

Yeah.

Speaker 1

And you got to be cool with that. Oh, a thousand percent.

Speaker 2

But having the confidence of knowing that Scripture's true and that Galatians tells us in Galatians 6-9, that if we do not grow weary in doing good, in due season we will see a harvest. It might not be the harvest that we're looking for, because I know when I got saved I wanted to see all my friends get saved. Didn't happen a lot, but other people did. So there was this harvest that was taking place because God's faithfulness in his word and there is that anointing, the power of the Holy Spirit on his word. That is why scripture can tell us that it never returns void, but it's going to accomplish the purpose. It is divine in nature, it's God-breathed.

Speaker 2

It emanates from him himself. And he is going to do through it what he wants to do. And that for me, as someone who communicates, does her best to communicate God's word every week like that is something that is immensely comforting is to realize it's not about me, it's about what.

Speaker 4

God's going to do, and it's not about you living a perfect life either.

Speaker 2

It was about that, whew.

Speaker 1

Be tough, you know yeah.

Speaker 4

I mean, we, we can't live perfect lives, Um, and that's that's something that I'm transparent with folks, that that I'm in a leadership role with you know about. I may be teaching through something, we may get to something in the study that we're going through, and I'll just be honest with them. You know, y'all listen, this is something I struggle with, you know, and it's not that I'm intentionally, you know, want to say you know, this is wrong, this shouldn't be something that we are even having to talk about. No, this is legit and I struggle with this, you know, because sometimes people piss me off, you know, were you there sunday, oh, a thousand percent yeah, you heard my

Speaker 1

uh, my story about going to the store that I won't name it was the most relatable thing because literally later that day I was at that store and I just I was dying, laughing internally because I was like man. I experienced this every time I come in here and I was remodeling two houses this time last year and I literally felt I I was living through you because I was like man.

Speaker 2

I experienced that every other day and I say that because of you being transparent in the fact that we do all have our moments of anger. And. I definitely had a couple the past two Saturdays at a particular store that remained nameless. Yes and so, but anyway, no, but I think the plan is so big and this is the last thing I guess I'll say is remember that executing the plan is a means to the end. It's not the end.

Speaker 4

And remember what the goal is.

Speaker 2

The goal is to be with the Lord.

Speaker 4

The goal is not to be smarter about the Bible. The goal is not to be able to say, hey, I read my Bible today. Yes so you can, you know, boast about that to somebody.

Speaker 1

The goal is not to be able to check that box where you've got.

Speaker 4

I'm not a type A person, or would you know be considered a type A person, so I don't have a weekly to-do list with check boxes on every day there's no box for me to check, but for some people I know they have that right. And if you don't get all your boxes checked for the day, god bless you, I'm that. If you don't get all your boxes checked for the day. You feel like you didn't accomplish it right.

Speaker 2

Yeah, You're on there, Jace.

Speaker 1

Nice, yeah, you're on there. Love that Made the list. I'm that person. I have exactly what Brandon just showed a list of line items for the day and if I don't accomplish all of those, I kind of kick myself of. Did I do the best that I can?

Speaker 4

It would have been really easy for you to respond to that email with five bullet points.

Speaker 1

Oh yeah, I'd have had 30.

Speaker 2

Which email would we be referring to? Would we be speaking of Doge.

Speaker 1

Fortunately I don't think any of us are government employees, but if we were, we might have been a government employee. Absolutely Good stuff.

Speaker 2

Did they let Smokey the Bear go?

Speaker 1

Probably.

Speaker 4

I'm pretty sure he never provided an email.

Speaker 1

Yeah, absolutely not.

Speaker 4

Yeah.

Speaker 1

Oh gosh Be gone.

Speaker 3

Be gone.

Speaker 4

All right. So we've picked on our government a little bit this morning.

Speaker 3

We're going to get a cease and desist. No, it's not. We're not, we're not.

Speaker 2

No one would know.

Speaker 4

No, yeah, we're listening, but if you're on instagram, go follow the national park service. Oh my gosh instagram page, because whoever runs that account?

Speaker 1

is hilarious. They write some of the funniest crap.

Speaker 4

They do so if you, if you're on instagram or where you know um, maybe facebook too, but I know for sure on instagram. Go follow that page because it is hilarious so there, I was nice to our government give them a plug yeah, for sure.

Speaker 2

That's like the only nice thing you said go follow Crooked Barrel yeah, that's right that's what I heard.

Speaker 4

Tell everybody to do that in the podcast that dropped this week.

Speaker 2

I didn't hear that when I listened to it, but I'll take your word for it. Because I know you're an honest man.

Speaker 4

The link is in there man. Listen, you had the opportunity to plug yourself while we were doing it. You reserved your right to do that until today. Until today, instagramcom slash crooked underscore barrel, it's something like that.

Speaker 2

That is what it is, because I wrote it down yesterday I don't know, that's what it is, or you can follow Jace.

Speaker 1

That's right, brooks. Well, yeah, I got Brooks Landon Timber, and then my personal account is just JaceBrooks34.

Speaker 2

Is that still how you sign your autograph? It is it is I still sign the?

Speaker 1

autograph. The three-four you got to represent a little bit.

Speaker 4

That old Deb over here. He is not on Instagram.

Speaker 1

It's all good. It's okay. You're not missing much.

Speaker 3

If I was on Instagram, it'd just be headshots of deers.

Speaker 1

Boom Headshots.

Speaker 3

Boom Turkey.

Speaker 2

Hashtag headshot Yep.

Speaker 3

Shooting the head off a dove like 40 yards off a power line Heck yeah, now he's dreaming.

Speaker 2

I'm just impressed with the headshot he's talking about not shooting off power lines apparently he had become a thing and he was mad about it.

Speaker 4

It's all a myth. Alright, we'll wrap it up there. It was a great conversation that was fun.

Speaker 2

Thanks, chase, I appreciate you being here?

Speaker 1

hopefully it wasn't too much. Word vomit man.

Speaker 2

I just want to say I appreciate you, man. I appreciate your family and all y'all mean to me and my family, so thank you I appreciate you.

Speaker 1

I appreciate you having me. It's always a good time and I love y'all Appreciate it.

Speaker 4

Love you, brother, go burn something yeah going to.

Podcasts we love

Check out these other fine podcasts recommended by us, not an algorithm.