In this episode, host Rabbi Dr. Levi Brackman analyzes the festival of Sukkot from two radically different perspectives – the rationalist approach of medieval philosopher Maimonides and the mystical approach of kabbalist Isaac Luria. This analysis provides a window into divergent interpretations of Judaism.
Sukkot is a biblical Jewish festival taking place a week after Yom Kippur. Traditional Jews around the world celebrate by building ramshackle outdoor huts called sukkot, in which they take their meals for the weeklong holiday. Sukkot also features rituals involving the “four species” – a palm frond, myrtle and willow branches, and a citrus fruit, which are shaken together daily.
Maimonides, living in 12th century Egypt, approached Sukkot from a rationalist philosophy grounded in textual analysis. He saw it as an agricultural festival, celebrated when the fall harvest had been successfully gathered and stored. With the crops in place, farmers enjoyed a period of rest before the rainy winter season began. Sitting in sukkot allowed observation of the night sky while providing shelter if rain came.
The shaking of the four species served as a reminder of the Exodus, when the Israelites lived in the desert without fruit. Entering Canaan, the land flowing “with milk and honey,” they rejoiced at abundant agriculture. Thus Sukkot commemorated both the post-Exodus desert period and the blessings in the Promised Land.
Four centuries later, for Isaac Luria Sukkot played a key role in a process of repairing cosmic disarray through theurgic rituals.
He envisioned divine energies emanating through ten mystical vessels called Sefirot, including masculine and feminine polarities. Harmonious interaction between these male and female energies sustains creation. But in a damaged state, the masculine and feminine withdrew into a “back-to-back” misalignment leaving the world deficient of divine blessing.
The holidays spanning Rosh Hashanah to Simchat Torah form an annual cycle dedicated to restoring divine union and eliciting influx of blessing. Each holiday facilitates stages of metaphysical re-alignment, culminating in Simchat Torah.
Luria associated the sukkah with enveloping feminine energies and the four species with masculine Sefirot. By ritually manipulating them in precise ways, Kabbalists mediated female receptivity to unite with masculine inflow. This metaphysical conjugation opened conduits for divine sustenance to penetrate the material world, restoring harmony.
Observant Kabbalists executed the four species ritual with intricate intentionality. The palm frond remained oriented upward to draw sustenance into the phallus. The etrog represented the feminine aspect of the male organ receiving as a conduit for this flow. Turning them upside down symbolically blocked transmission of divine blessing.
Even marital relations were restricted on Simchat Torah until the metaphysical unification was complete. Thus Sukkot for the Kabbalist was no mere harvest celebration, but a dramatic sex act on a cosmic scale renewing the damaged channels between the human and divine.
This podcast highlights the conceptual chasm between rationalist and mystical approaches to Judaism. Maimonides anchors Sukkot in scriptural history and natural cycles. Luria radically reinterprets it based on esoteric secrets of the Torah. For the rationalist, Sukkot connects Jews to their heritage. For the mystic, each ritu
Levi Brackman is a rabbi, Ph.D. in psychology, best-selling author of Jewish Wisdom for Business Success, and founder of Invown, a platform for real estate fundraising and investing.