{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":2.469,"endTime":5.071,"body":"Welcome to Reimagined Mobility"},{"startTime":2.469,"endTime":5.071,"body":"podcast series."},{"startTime":5.071,"endTime":7.073,"body":"I'm here with Chris."},{"startTime":7.073,"endTime":10.076,"body":"Chris, you have a tremendous experience"},{"startTime":10.076,"endTime":13.079,"body":"and history in the automotive space."},{"startTime":14.214,"endTime":16.883,"body":"I specifically want to talk about"},{"startTime":14.214,"endTime":16.883,"body":"what you've been doing"},{"startTime":16.883,"endTime":18.418,"body":"over the last several years here."},{"startTime":18.418,"endTime":22.088,"body":"It's very intriguing enough that a lot"},{"startTime":18.418,"endTime":22.088,"body":"of your posts obviously about it."},{"startTime":22.555,"endTime":25.759,"body":"So but before we go there,"},{"startTime":22.555,"endTime":25.759,"body":"explain a little bit"},{"startTime":25.759,"endTime":29.362,"body":"your background, your history"},{"startTime":25.759,"endTime":29.362,"body":"and what you're doing today."},{"startTime":29.362,"endTime":32.365,"body":"And then let's jointly here explore to"},{"startTime":32.565,"endTime":36.036,"body":"re-imagine mobility opportunities"},{"startTime":32.565,"endTime":36.036,"body":"we see in our future here."},{"startTime":36.102,"endTime":41.241,"body":"Well, thank you, Stephan and thank you"},{"startTime":36.102,"endTime":41.241,"body":"to AVL for offering me this opportunity"},{"startTime":41.241,"endTime":44.911,"body":"to talk about this project,"},{"startTime":41.241,"endTime":44.911,"body":"which is near and dear to my heart."},{"startTime":44.911,"endTime":47.447,"body":"I'm British, as you can probably tell."},{"startTime":47.447,"endTime":50.45,"body":"I've lived in America"},{"startTime":47.447,"endTime":50.45,"body":"and mainly in the Detroit area"},{"startTime":50.45,"endTime":54.054,"body":"for the last 30 years"},{"startTime":50.45,"endTime":54.054,"body":"working for Chrysler and General Motors,"},{"startTime":54.387,"endTime":59.526,"body":"heavily involved in the skateboard"},{"startTime":54.387,"endTime":59.526,"body":"development at GM back in 2002"},{"startTime":59.526,"endTime":63.863,"body":"with the autonomy and high wire concepts"},{"startTime":59.526,"endTime":63.863,"body":"and have about 50 patents on that."},{"startTime":64.197,"endTime":67.6,"body":"And then I could see the car was becoming"},{"startTime":64.197,"endTime":67.6,"body":"a smartphone on wheels."},{"startTime":67.6,"endTime":71.337,"body":"So I decided to leave"},{"startTime":67.6,"endTime":71.337,"body":"GM in 2012 and join Qualcomm,"},{"startTime":71.938,"endTime":74.941,"body":"which is a company that's inside"},{"startTime":71.938,"endTime":74.941,"body":"pretty much everybody smartphone."},{"startTime":75.008,"endTime":79.746,"body":"And for five years I was automotive"},{"startTime":75.008,"endTime":79.746,"body":"strategy vice president there."},{"startTime":80.413,"endTime":84.551,"body":"And then I decided to kind of retire"},{"startTime":80.413,"endTime":84.551,"body":"so I could focus more"},{"startTime":84.551,"endTime":87.62,"body":"of my attention on the Afreecar project,"},{"startTime":84.551,"endTime":87.62,"body":"which I'll describe shortly."},{"startTime":88.021,"endTime":92.225,"body":"And then I was called Out of retirement"},{"startTime":88.021,"endTime":92.225,"body":"by Waymo"},{"startTime":92.225,"endTime":96.229,"body":"to be chief engineer on the Future Vehicle"},{"startTime":92.225,"endTime":96.229,"body":"or Future Robotaxi program"},{"startTime":96.696,"endTime":100.366,"body":"and moved to the Bay Area to work there."},{"startTime":100.366,"endTime":106.506,"body":"And but I left pretty soon after joining"},{"startTime":100.366,"endTime":106.506,"body":"because I could realize that the Robotaxi"},{"startTime":106.506,"endTime":111.511,"body":"was far away from being ready to scale"},{"startTime":106.506,"endTime":111.511,"body":"and only when you ready to scale"},{"startTime":111.511,"endTime":114.647,"body":"does it make sense to do a"},{"startTime":111.511,"endTime":114.647,"body":"a clean sheet architecture."},{"startTime":115.115,"endTime":117.717,"body":"So for the time being, they're using"},{"startTime":117.717,"endTime":120.854,"body":"Pacifica minivans and Jaguar I-Pace"},{"startTime":120.854,"endTime":124.858,"body":"and retrofitting that which makes sense"},{"startTime":120.854,"endTime":124.858,"body":"since it's still in the R\u0026D phase."},{"startTime":125.258,"endTime":130.13,"body":"But over the last 4 to 5 years,"},{"startTime":125.258,"endTime":130.13,"body":"I've been doing some independent"},{"startTime":130.13,"endTime":134.801,"body":"consulting for government agencies"},{"startTime":130.13,"endTime":134.801,"body":"and banks and companies around autonomous"},{"startTime":134.801,"endTime":138.938,"body":"and electric vehicles,"},{"startTime":134.801,"endTime":138.938,"body":"and also developing an exit"},{"startTime":139.072,"endTime":142.475,"body":"for underserved markets."},{"startTime":142.609,"endTime":145.612,"body":"The initial emphasis"},{"startTime":142.609,"endTime":145.612,"body":"being sub-Saharan Africa"},{"startTime":145.945,"endTime":149.616,"body":"and off grid"},{"startTime":145.945,"endTime":149.616,"body":"rural, agricultural type applications."},{"startTime":149.883,"endTime":153.887,"body":"But I see the same type of solution being"},{"startTime":149.883,"endTime":153.887,"body":"very sorely needed here"},{"startTime":153.887,"endTime":158.024,"body":"in the developed world"},{"startTime":153.887,"endTime":158.024,"body":"for last mile mobility and maybe even"},{"startTime":158.024,"endTime":162.629,"body":"some indoor applications like health care"},{"startTime":158.024,"endTime":162.629,"body":"facilities and warehouses and so forth."},{"startTime":162.962,"endTime":166.099,"body":"So I'm very excited to talk about it"},{"startTime":162.962,"endTime":166.099,"body":"in more detail and looking forward"},{"startTime":166.099,"endTime":169.569,"body":"to your questions"},{"startTime":166.099,"endTime":169.569,"body":"and hoping to answer them as best I can."},{"startTime":171.104,"endTime":171.704,"body":"Perfect."},{"startTime":171.704,"endTime":173.64,"body":"Well, let's jump right into it. Right."},{"startTime":173.64,"endTime":177.043,"body":"We've had other participants"},{"startTime":173.64,"endTime":177.043,"body":"in our podcast"},{"startTime":177.043,"endTime":178.311,"body":"that are looking specifically"},{"startTime":178.311,"endTime":179.379,"body":"to same as you were from"},{"startTime":179.379,"endTime":183.249,"body":"with with a passion, with a law"},{"startTime":179.379,"endTime":183.249,"body":"for the people in the underdeveloped areas"},{"startTime":183.249,"endTime":186.386,"body":"of this world"},{"startTime":183.249,"endTime":186.386,"body":"that still as many of us sometimes kind of"},{"startTime":186.386,"endTime":190.056,"body":"maybe ignore forget is still the majority"},{"startTime":186.386,"endTime":190.056,"body":"of this world problem."},{"startTime":190.123,"endTime":191.991,"body":"Yes, absolutely."},{"startTime":191.991,"endTime":196.196,"body":"I say that my career has been focused on"},{"startTime":191.991,"endTime":196.196,"body":"the 10% of the world's population,"},{"startTime":196.196,"endTime":197.53,"body":"you know, that"},{"startTime":196.196,"endTime":197.53,"body":"live in the developed world."},{"startTime":197.53,"endTime":201.134,"body":"And now I'm trying to focus on the other"},{"startTime":197.53,"endTime":201.134,"body":"90% of the world's population."},{"startTime":201.868,"endTime":205.738,"body":"Now, what will be matters"},{"startTime":201.868,"endTime":205.738,"body":"more, right than 90% instead of well,"},{"startTime":205.738,"endTime":209.075,"body":"if we don't find solutions for the 90%,"},{"startTime":205.738,"endTime":209.075,"body":"then whatever we do in"},{"startTime":209.676,"endTime":211.411,"body":"the developed"},{"startTime":209.676,"endTime":211.411,"body":"world is not going to really address"},{"startTime":211.411,"endTime":212.879,"body":"climate change at the global level."},{"startTime":214.013,"endTime":215.415,"body":"True, True."},{"startTime":215.415,"endTime":218.351,"body":"So let's jump exactly right in there"},{"startTime":215.415,"endTime":218.351,"body":"with climate change,"},{"startTime":218.351,"endTime":221.354,"body":"right in the in the 10% of this world."},{"startTime":221.421,"endTime":225.825,"body":"Well, let's say maybe in five"},{"startTime":221.421,"endTime":225.825,"body":"in 5% of the developed world."},{"startTime":225.959,"endTime":228.695,"body":"Or again, the total pie here."},{"startTime":228.695,"endTime":230.763,"body":"Everybody talks about sustainability."},{"startTime":230.763,"endTime":232.966,"body":"Now, Europe certainly is big into it."},{"startTime":232.966,"endTime":236.769,"body":"I would say China to some degree"},{"startTime":232.966,"endTime":236.769,"body":"more than ever into it."},{"startTime":237.237,"endTime":240.24,"body":"We're seeing it more and more in Europe"},{"startTime":237.237,"endTime":240.24,"body":"and in the US."},{"startTime":240.773,"endTime":242.175,"body":"But again, as you just identified,"},{"startTime":242.175,"endTime":246.312,"body":"that might be 10%"},{"startTime":242.175,"endTime":246.312,"body":"or 5% for the whole world, right?"},{"startTime":246.713,"endTime":248.047,"body":"What about the rest of the world?"},{"startTime":248.047,"endTime":249.983,"body":"I mean, they use equipment there, too."},{"startTime":249.983,"endTime":252.919,"body":"They they they use machinery as well."},{"startTime":252.919,"endTime":256.456,"body":"And they need transportation,"},{"startTime":252.919,"endTime":256.456,"body":"maybe in some cases even more desperate"},{"startTime":256.456,"endTime":259.859,"body":"than what we do"},{"startTime":256.456,"endTime":259.859,"body":"to really develop themselves and progress."},{"startTime":260.526,"endTime":263.93,"body":"So what do you from a from"},{"startTime":260.526,"endTime":263.93,"body":"a sustainability from an environmental"},{"startTime":263.93,"endTime":268.067,"body":"perspective, also see with what"},{"startTime":263.93,"endTime":268.067,"body":"you're pushing not just transportation,"},{"startTime":268.801,"endTime":274.474,"body":"but also bringing the 90%"},{"startTime":268.801,"endTime":274.474,"body":"into the sustainability and an overall"},{"startTime":274.474,"endTime":279.812,"body":"effectiveness of what the developed world"},{"startTime":274.474,"endTime":279.812,"body":"or a small portion, at least of that"},{"startTime":280.146,"endTime":284.217,"body":"is trying to push with, let's say,"},{"startTime":280.146,"endTime":284.217,"body":"to the overall sustainability."},{"startTime":284.617,"endTime":288.621,"body":"Yeah, I think if we develop solutions"},{"startTime":284.617,"endTime":288.621,"body":"that work"},{"startTime":288.621,"endTime":293.026,"body":"for the poorest people in the world,"},{"startTime":288.621,"endTime":293.026,"body":"you know, let's put it bluntly,"},{"startTime":293.293,"endTime":296.562,"body":"then those solutions"},{"startTime":293.293,"endTime":296.562,"body":"are going to be very affordable"},{"startTime":296.562,"endTime":299.565,"body":"and practical"},{"startTime":296.562,"endTime":299.565,"body":"for the developed world as well."},{"startTime":299.766,"endTime":302.168,"body":"And they're going"},{"startTime":299.766,"endTime":302.168,"body":"to be very energy efficient"},{"startTime":302.168,"endTime":304.971,"body":"because if you go to parts"},{"startTime":302.168,"endTime":304.971,"body":"of the developed world,"},{"startTime":304.971,"endTime":308.641,"body":"people, extremely developing world,"},{"startTime":304.971,"endTime":308.641,"body":"people are very resourceful."},{"startTime":308.975,"endTime":312.912,"body":"They need to be so they"},{"startTime":308.975,"endTime":312.912,"body":"they don't waste material."},{"startTime":313.379,"endTime":316.382,"body":"They re-use it to a much greater"},{"startTime":313.379,"endTime":316.382,"body":"extent than we do here"},{"startTime":316.649,"endTime":319.652,"body":"and in parts of sub-Saharan"},{"startTime":316.649,"endTime":319.652,"body":"Africa and rural India."},{"startTime":319.786,"endTime":323.389,"body":"By necessity, the only source of electric"},{"startTime":319.786,"endTime":323.389,"body":"power is the sun."},{"startTime":324.057,"endTime":327.06,"body":"And using solar power,"},{"startTime":324.057,"endTime":327.06,"body":"because it's it's not connected to a grid."},{"startTime":327.46,"endTime":331.864,"body":"And so the basics of a"},{"startTime":327.46,"endTime":331.864,"body":"a solar powered vehicle"},{"startTime":332.732,"endTime":337.003,"body":"that is using recycled"},{"startTime":332.732,"endTime":337.003,"body":"or reused materials and that could include"},{"startTime":337.003,"endTime":342.675,"body":"batteries in the future as a second life"},{"startTime":337.003,"endTime":342.675,"body":"application and being right sized."},{"startTime":342.742,"endTime":343.676,"body":"Let's put it that way."},{"startTime":343.676,"endTime":348.748,"body":"They can't afford vehicles"},{"startTime":343.676,"endTime":348.748,"body":"that weigh 4,000lbs or much more."},{"startTime":348.748,"endTime":352.085,"body":"If you're talking about electric vehicles"},{"startTime":348.748,"endTime":352.085,"body":"with 100 kilowatt"},{"startTime":352.085,"endTime":355.088,"body":"hour batteries and 100 kilowatt motors"},{"startTime":352.085,"endTime":355.088,"body":"and so forth."},{"startTime":355.154,"endTime":356.289,"body":"And if you think about"},{"startTime":356.289,"endTime":360.693,"body":"the Industrial revolution"},{"startTime":356.289,"endTime":360.693,"body":"and the transformation of agriculture,"},{"startTime":360.693,"endTime":363.83,"body":"with just the addition of,"},{"startTime":360.693,"endTime":363.83,"body":"you know, horses with one"},{"startTime":363.83,"endTime":366.899,"body":"horsepower, it was a big difference"},{"startTime":363.83,"endTime":366.899,"body":"versus human power."},{"startTime":367.367,"endTime":371.237,"body":"So very modest power requirements"},{"startTime":367.367,"endTime":371.237,"body":"and energy requirements can transform"},{"startTime":371.237,"endTime":376.576,"body":"people's lives and really"},{"startTime":371.237,"endTime":376.576,"body":"make a big difference in giving them"},{"startTime":376.909,"endTime":379.912,"body":"economic development opportunities"},{"startTime":376.909,"endTime":379.912,"body":"that they don't have today."},{"startTime":380.38,"endTime":384.65,"body":"A simple example of that would be"},{"startTime":380.38,"endTime":384.65,"body":"if you look at rural areas"},{"startTime":384.65,"endTime":388.121,"body":"in many parts of the world,"},{"startTime":384.65,"endTime":388.121,"body":"the produce that is grown,"},{"startTime":388.187,"endTime":390.99,"body":"you know, vegetables and plants"},{"startTime":388.187,"endTime":390.99,"body":"and so forth that are consumed,"},{"startTime":390.99,"endTime":393.993,"body":"maybe there's extra"},{"startTime":390.99,"endTime":393.993,"body":"that could be sold at market,"},{"startTime":394.193,"endTime":396.729,"body":"but the market might be five"},{"startTime":394.193,"endTime":396.729,"body":"or ten miles away"},{"startTime":396.729,"endTime":399.599,"body":"and it's very difficult"},{"startTime":396.729,"endTime":399.599,"body":"to reach the market."},{"startTime":400.867,"endTime":401.667,"body":"and so"},{"startTime":401.667,"endTime":405.405,"body":"a vehicle, a lightweight vehicle"},{"startTime":401.667,"endTime":405.405,"body":"that may maybe with a one kilowatt motor"},{"startTime":405.405,"endTime":410.61,"body":"and a maybe a two kilowatt hour battery,"},{"startTime":405.405,"endTime":410.61,"body":"you know, trivial by Western standards"},{"startTime":410.877,"endTime":414.013,"body":"could really make it practical for people"},{"startTime":414.013,"endTime":418.151,"body":"to take this stuff to market,"},{"startTime":414.013,"endTime":418.151,"body":"you know, when it's ready."},{"startTime":418.684,"endTime":422.488,"body":"Other other than just leaving it to lie"},{"startTime":418.684,"endTime":422.488,"body":"fallow on the ground and go to waste"},{"startTime":423.222,"endTime":428.027,"body":"and so it's a big,"},{"startTime":423.222,"endTime":428.027,"body":"big enabler and also power."},{"startTime":428.161,"endTime":431.164,"body":"We talk about transportation,"},{"startTime":428.161,"endTime":431.164,"body":"but the the same solution provides"},{"startTime":431.164,"endTime":434.167,"body":"electric power,"},{"startTime":431.164,"endTime":434.167,"body":"which is equally as important."},{"startTime":434.233,"endTime":437.703,"body":"So market that I'm developing"},{"startTime":434.233,"endTime":437.703,"body":"is basically the size of a briefcase."},{"startTime":438.037,"endTime":441.107,"body":"It contains a small battery,"},{"startTime":438.037,"endTime":441.107,"body":"which in principle"},{"startTime":441.107,"endTime":445.978,"body":"could be a reused battery,"},{"startTime":441.107,"endTime":445.978,"body":"roughly 48 volts, two kilowatt hours"},{"startTime":446.579,"endTime":450.183,"body":"and small motor,"},{"startTime":446.579,"endTime":450.183,"body":"maybe one kilowatt motor."},{"startTime":450.516,"endTime":453.92,"body":"And then you have solar panels"},{"startTime":450.516,"endTime":453.92,"body":"that form the roof and this kit"},{"startTime":453.92,"endTime":456.923,"body":"would be retrofitted"},{"startTime":453.92,"endTime":456.923,"body":"to vehicles that they already have."},{"startTime":457.256,"endTime":459.992,"body":"So like a handcart, because I don't want"},{"startTime":457.256,"endTime":459.992,"body":"to be in the business of"},{"startTime":459.992,"endTime":462.995,"body":"figuring out"},{"startTime":459.992,"endTime":462.995,"body":"what type of vehicle makes the most sense."},{"startTime":463.129,"endTime":468.401,"body":"But I do want to enable them"},{"startTime":463.129,"endTime":468.401,"body":"to have electrified assist"},{"startTime":468.668,"endTime":472.271,"body":"to whatever vehicle they're comfortable"},{"startTime":468.668,"endTime":472.271,"body":"using today, which is typically a handcart"},{"startTime":472.271,"endTime":473.673,"body":"or a wheelbarrow"},{"startTime":473.673,"endTime":476.676,"body":"in health care facilities,"},{"startTime":473.673,"endTime":476.676,"body":"which I think is quite interesting."},{"startTime":476.676,"endTime":480.88,"body":"It could be a wheelchair or hospital bed"},{"startTime":476.676,"endTime":480.88,"body":"or a linen cart or a meal cart."},{"startTime":481.28,"endTime":486.152,"body":"But again, this idea of a retrofit kit"},{"startTime":481.28,"endTime":486.152,"body":"that can be universally applied"},{"startTime":486.152,"endTime":490.623,"body":"to any Non-Motorized"},{"startTime":486.152,"endTime":490.623,"body":"vehicle is the overriding approach"},{"startTime":490.623,"endTime":493.826,"body":"that I'm trying to take it, rather"},{"startTime":490.623,"endTime":493.826,"body":"than trying to develop a vehicle per say."},{"startTime":494.36,"endTime":498.03,"body":"And if you have such a kit, it"},{"startTime":494.36,"endTime":498.03,"body":"not only can provide electric power assist"},{"startTime":498.231,"endTime":501.234,"body":"making it much easier"},{"startTime":498.231,"endTime":501.234,"body":"to transport people and goods,"},{"startTime":501.434,"endTime":504.437,"body":"but it also provides"},{"startTime":501.434,"endTime":504.437,"body":"much needed electric power."},{"startTime":504.437,"endTime":507.44,"body":"So charging"},{"startTime":504.437,"endTime":507.44,"body":"cell phones is an obvious example."},{"startTime":507.573,"endTime":510.51,"body":"People today will charge will pay $0.15"},{"startTime":510.51,"endTime":513.646,"body":"to for somebody to charge their phone"},{"startTime":510.51,"endTime":513.646,"body":"in sub-Saharan Africa."},{"startTime":514.046,"endTime":515.248,"body":"And that's a lot of money."},{"startTime":515.248,"endTime":519.719,"body":"If you think about the average income of"},{"startTime":515.248,"endTime":519.719,"body":"people in sub-Saharan Africa is $2 a day."},{"startTime":520.453,"endTime":523.055,"body":"So charging cell phones,"},{"startTime":523.055,"endTime":527.527,"body":"pumping water in many parts of the world,"},{"startTime":523.055,"endTime":527.527,"body":"especially those affected"},{"startTime":527.527,"endTime":531.664,"body":"by climate change,"},{"startTime":527.527,"endTime":531.664,"body":"you're beginning to see erratic rainfall"},{"startTime":532.331,"endTime":534.867,"body":"and droughts that are occurring."},{"startTime":534.867,"endTime":538.337,"body":"And if you could have a reliable access"},{"startTime":534.867,"endTime":538.337,"body":"to underground water,"},{"startTime":538.337,"endTime":542.408,"body":"you could reliably have three planting"},{"startTime":538.337,"endTime":542.408,"body":"seasons a year instead of relying"},{"startTime":542.408,"endTime":545.545,"body":"on the rains once a year"},{"startTime":542.408,"endTime":545.545,"body":"so you could triple your income."},{"startTime":545.811,"endTime":548.748,"body":"But again, if that needs electric power"},{"startTime":545.811,"endTime":548.748,"body":"or hydraulic power to access"},{"startTime":548.748,"endTime":552.218,"body":"that water that's underground"},{"startTime":548.748,"endTime":552.218,"body":"in a health care application,"},{"startTime":552.218,"endTime":557.356,"body":"it could be powering a ventilator"},{"startTime":552.218,"endTime":557.356,"body":"or dialysis machine."},{"startTime":557.557,"endTime":562.428,"body":"So the idea of a kit that can provide"},{"startTime":557.557,"endTime":562.428,"body":"power, assist to an existing"},{"startTime":562.428,"endTime":565.965,"body":"non-motorized vehicle"},{"startTime":562.428,"endTime":565.965,"body":"and also be able to charge"},{"startTime":566.165,"endTime":569.435,"body":"or power electrical devices on the go"},{"startTime":569.835,"endTime":572.638,"body":"is a very powerful idea in my opinion."},{"startTime":572.638,"endTime":575.975,"body":"And my vision is"},{"startTime":572.638,"endTime":575.975,"body":"that this kit would be so simple"},{"startTime":576.042,"endTime":578.444,"body":"that it could be assembled locally"},{"startTime":578.444,"endTime":583.516,"body":"and that could be in sub-Saharan Africa,"},{"startTime":578.444,"endTime":583.516,"body":"in a big city like Nairobi or Harare,"},{"startTime":583.649,"endTime":585.585,"body":"where there's the resources"},{"startTime":585.585,"endTime":588.588,"body":"to assemble this kid from,"},{"startTime":585.585,"endTime":588.588,"body":"you know, available components."},{"startTime":588.721,"endTime":593.192,"body":"But then it would be distributed locally"},{"startTime":588.721,"endTime":593.192,"body":"to nearby villages and rural areas."},{"startTime":593.926,"endTime":596.929,"body":"But take the same idea"},{"startTime":593.926,"endTime":596.929,"body":"and apply it here in Detroit."},{"startTime":597.196,"endTime":600.399,"body":"You could easily imagine a small factory"},{"startTime":600.666,"endTime":603.803,"body":"in Detroit cranking out these kits."},{"startTime":604.27,"endTime":608.274,"body":"You know, we have all the skill sets"},{"startTime":604.27,"endTime":608.274,"body":"you need in Detroit to make these kits,"},{"startTime":608.608,"endTime":611.544,"body":"and it could actually be used to provide"},{"startTime":611.544,"endTime":616.882,"body":"last mile mobility to tricycles"},{"startTime":611.544,"endTime":616.882,"body":"to allow people to"},{"startTime":616.882,"endTime":621.42,"body":"transport produce from the urban farms"},{"startTime":616.882,"endTime":621.42,"body":"to the eastern market, for example."},{"startTime":621.954,"endTime":626.359,"body":"Or think about health care facilities"},{"startTime":621.954,"endTime":626.359,"body":"where you have hospital"},{"startTime":626.359,"endTime":631.03,"body":"beds and wheelchairs and linen carts"},{"startTime":626.359,"endTime":631.03,"body":"and meal carts that are non-motorised."},{"startTime":631.364,"endTime":634.634,"body":"And imagine if you had a kit"},{"startTime":631.364,"endTime":634.634,"body":"that could be shared among all of them,"},{"startTime":635.034,"endTime":637.57,"body":"because a bed"},{"startTime":635.034,"endTime":637.57,"body":"doesn't have to be moved 24 hours a day."},{"startTime":638.571,"endTime":641.107,"body":"It only"},{"startTime":638.571,"endTime":641.107,"body":"needs to be moved to small amount of time."},{"startTime":641.107,"endTime":644.377,"body":"And then once it's moved, you"},{"startTime":641.107,"endTime":644.377,"body":"can take the kit off and then recharge it"},{"startTime":645.177,"endTime":648.981,"body":"and then use it for a wheelchair"},{"startTime":645.177,"endTime":648.981,"body":"that needs a power assist, for example."},{"startTime":649.515,"endTime":653.252,"body":"So I see lots of different applications"},{"startTime":649.515,"endTime":653.252,"body":"for this, but the starting point"},{"startTime":653.252,"endTime":655.054,"body":"for the stimulation for this"},{"startTime":655.054,"endTime":659.392,"body":"was my volunteer work in Africa"},{"startTime":655.054,"endTime":659.392,"body":"that I was doing 15 years ago."},{"startTime":659.392,"endTime":663.796,"body":"Even when I was at GM,"},{"startTime":659.392,"endTime":663.796,"body":"I was taking what I was developing at"},{"startTime":663.796,"endTime":667.6,"body":"GM, which was a small electric vehicle"},{"startTime":663.796,"endTime":667.6,"body":"store for the Shanghai World"},{"startTime":667.6,"endTime":670.603,"body":"Expo, as a vision of personal mobility"},{"startTime":667.6,"endTime":670.603,"body":"in the future"},{"startTime":670.603,"endTime":673.606,"body":"and basically applying that to Africa."},{"startTime":674.607,"endTime":675.608,"body":"Interesting."},{"startTime":675.608,"endTime":679.211,"body":"So, I mean, Chris, when you explain this"},{"startTime":675.608,"endTime":679.211,"body":"to me, right, and we've talked about this"},{"startTime":679.211,"endTime":682.415,"body":"before, is makes,"},{"startTime":679.211,"endTime":682.415,"body":"for lack of a better word, perfect sense."},{"startTime":682.415,"endTime":685.217,"body":"And I would say well"},{"startTime":682.415,"endTime":685.217,"body":"duh, right? So the question"},{"startTime":686.218,"endTime":689.221,"body":"as we reimagine mobility,"},{"startTime":689.221,"endTime":693.426,"body":"why why do I only really hear"},{"startTime":689.221,"endTime":693.426,"body":"you talk about why about this?"},{"startTime":693.426,"endTime":697.296,"body":"Why are there not"},{"startTime":693.426,"endTime":697.296,"body":"or other companies involved that"},{"startTime":697.296,"endTime":700.299,"body":"I mean, we're not the only wants to care"},{"startTime":697.296,"endTime":700.299,"body":"about"},{"startTime":700.433,"endTime":702.702,"body":"the third world countries, right?"},{"startTime":702.702,"endTime":704.37,"body":"Why aren't they are not other ones there?"},{"startTime":704.37,"endTime":707.573,"body":"Is this is this because at the end"},{"startTime":704.37,"endTime":707.573,"body":"of the day, it's again a matter of,"},{"startTime":708.174,"endTime":712.044,"body":"let's say, capitalism for a moment,"},{"startTime":708.174,"endTime":712.044,"body":"that if I can't money, why make money?"},{"startTime":712.044,"endTime":712.845,"body":"Why should I?"},{"startTime":712.845,"endTime":716.449,"body":"Is it a matter of we're looking at it"},{"startTime":712.845,"endTime":716.449,"body":"the wrong way."},{"startTime":717.116,"endTime":718.384,"body":"We're looking at it from a way of"},{"startTime":718.384,"endTime":721.721,"body":"we got to find a vehicle"},{"startTime":718.384,"endTime":721.721,"body":"that fits there versus what you're saying."},{"startTime":722.188,"endTime":724.924,"body":"No, we got to develop something"},{"startTime":722.188,"endTime":724.924,"body":"that fits for everything."},{"startTime":724.924,"endTime":729.662,"body":"So this kick that you're talking about,"},{"startTime":724.924,"endTime":729.662,"body":"but as we're again, reimagine mobility"},{"startTime":729.662,"endTime":732.665,"body":"or discuss these things in these podcasts."},{"startTime":732.665,"endTime":735.401,"body":"What are we missing? Why is it you pushed?"},{"startTime":735.401,"endTime":736.068,"body":"Well, not others."},{"startTime":736.068,"endTime":740.339,"body":"Maybe I'm approaching this in a way"},{"startTime":736.068,"endTime":740.339,"body":"that's counterproductive."},{"startTime":740.606,"endTime":741.741,"body":"To what?"},{"startTime":741.741,"endTime":743.476,"body":"To people who want to fund it."},{"startTime":743.476,"endTime":747.813,"body":"Because my my vision is that this"},{"startTime":743.476,"endTime":747.813,"body":"this kit would not be"},{"startTime":748.147,"endTime":751.417,"body":"mass produced by big company"},{"startTime":748.147,"endTime":751.417,"body":"and then exported all around the world"},{"startTime":751.684,"endTime":755.688,"body":"is to really empower local communities,"},{"startTime":751.684,"endTime":755.688,"body":"whether that's in Detroit"},{"startTime":755.955,"endTime":761.16,"body":"or whether it's in sub-Saharan Africa,"},{"startTime":755.955,"endTime":761.16,"body":"to actually assemble this kit initially"},{"startTime":761.16,"endTime":764.964,"body":"from assembled components"},{"startTime":761.16,"endTime":764.964,"body":"like imported solar panels and batteries,"},{"startTime":765.297,"endTime":769.235,"body":"but ultimately potential to make it"},{"startTime":765.297,"endTime":769.235,"body":"including the batteries"},{"startTime":769.435,"endTime":772.438,"body":"or recycled batteries"},{"startTime":769.435,"endTime":772.438,"body":"from used electric cars."},{"startTime":772.505,"endTime":776.108,"body":"So my vision is really to really enable"},{"startTime":776.442,"endTime":780.646,"body":"economic development for the most"},{"startTime":776.442,"endTime":780.646,"body":"underserved populations in the world,"},{"startTime":781.046,"endTime":785.451,"body":"not to necessarily"},{"startTime":781.046,"endTime":785.451,"body":"make big companies richer."},{"startTime":786.919,"endTime":788.187,"body":"And that's not a mess."},{"startTime":788.187,"endTime":791.724,"body":"So my endeavor"},{"startTime":788.187,"endTime":791.724,"body":"is really a philanthropic in nature."},{"startTime":792.191,"endTime":797.196,"body":"So I'm in this not to make money myself"},{"startTime":792.191,"endTime":797.196,"body":"or to create a business that makes money,"},{"startTime":797.396,"endTime":801.0,"body":"although that might be the right approach,"},{"startTime":797.396,"endTime":801.0,"body":"you know, enlightened self-interest"},{"startTime":801.0,"endTime":802.067,"body":"and all that."},{"startTime":802.067,"endTime":807.273,"body":"But it's really to try"},{"startTime":802.067,"endTime":807.273,"body":"and find resources, funding resources or"},{"startTime":807.807,"endTime":812.478,"body":"engineering resources, to put it bluntly,"},{"startTime":807.807,"endTime":812.478,"body":"to take what's been developed so far"},{"startTime":812.812,"endTime":816.549,"body":"and to take it to another level"},{"startTime":812.812,"endTime":816.549,"body":"of engineering refinement and development."},{"startTime":816.549,"endTime":819.418,"body":"We built prototypes."},{"startTime":816.549,"endTime":819.418,"body":"I've worked with local universities."},{"startTime":819.418,"endTime":822.354,"body":"We we've built prototypes"},{"startTime":819.418,"endTime":822.354,"body":"and demonstrated them."},{"startTime":822.354,"endTime":825.691,"body":"We need to make it much more rugged"},{"startTime":825.691,"endTime":828.694,"body":"and lighter and smaller"},{"startTime":829.028,"endTime":832.698,"body":"and make it"},{"startTime":829.028,"endTime":832.698,"body":"so it can operate in a pilot program."},{"startTime":833.232,"endTime":835.701,"body":"Whether that's in Detroit"},{"startTime":833.232,"endTime":835.701,"body":"or it's in sub Saharan Africa"},{"startTime":835.701,"endTime":838.971,"body":"or elsewhere"},{"startTime":835.701,"endTime":838.971,"body":"without it failing on the first day."},{"startTime":839.104,"endTime":839.371,"body":"You know,"},{"startTime":839.371,"endTime":843.576,"body":"when you work with university students,"},{"startTime":839.371,"endTime":843.576,"body":"they're really good at designing projects,"},{"startTime":843.576,"endTime":847.112,"body":"but it's not really their mission"},{"startTime":843.576,"endTime":847.112,"body":"to engineer and refine."},{"startTime":847.446,"endTime":850.916,"body":"That's more business,"},{"startTime":847.446,"endTime":850.916,"body":"does that sort of thing."},{"startTime":851.317,"endTime":853.586,"body":"So that's what I'm really looking for."},{"startTime":853.586,"endTime":858.524,"body":"That plus the business case,"},{"startTime":853.586,"endTime":858.524,"body":"which I'm working with the University"},{"startTime":858.524,"endTime":862.862,"body":"of Michigan, to with a class there"},{"startTime":858.524,"endTime":862.862,"body":"to really understand the business case,"},{"startTime":862.862,"endTime":863.996,"body":"I do believe"},{"startTime":863.996,"endTime":868.601,"body":"and again, this is almost farmer's"},{"startTime":863.996,"endTime":868.601,"body":"math, that this could make a lot of sense"},{"startTime":868.801,"endTime":872.738,"body":"financially if you have something"},{"startTime":868.801,"endTime":872.738,"body":"that could cost $1,000 or less."},{"startTime":873.339,"endTime":875.808,"body":"And if you go on Alibaba website,"},{"startTime":875.808,"endTime":878.944,"body":"for example, you see a lot of kits"},{"startTime":875.808,"endTime":878.944,"body":"from Chinese companies."},{"startTime":879.345,"endTime":881.614,"body":"They're not exactly the same"},{"startTime":879.345,"endTime":881.614,"body":"as what I'm talking about,"},{"startTime":881.614,"endTime":883.349,"body":"but they're they're on the way."},{"startTime":883.349,"endTime":886.085,"body":"And you can buy them for $300."},{"startTime":886.085,"endTime":891.09,"body":"So I firmly believe that a solar panel"},{"startTime":886.085,"endTime":891.09,"body":"that's roughly the size of a car roof"},{"startTime":891.423,"endTime":895.227,"body":"and a battery like two kilowatt hours"},{"startTime":891.423,"endTime":895.227,"body":"and maybe a kilowatt motor"},{"startTime":895.494,"endTime":899.164,"body":"and the associated electronics and housing"},{"startTime":895.494,"endTime":899.164,"body":"and the wheels that"},{"startTime":899.164,"endTime":903.435,"body":"this could be made for $1,000 or sold,"},{"startTime":899.164,"endTime":903.435,"body":"I should say for $1,000."},{"startTime":903.836,"endTime":907.239,"body":"And that works out to roughly"},{"startTime":903.836,"endTime":907.239,"body":"a dollar a day."},{"startTime":907.706,"endTime":910.309,"body":"If you have a three year"},{"startTime":907.706,"endTime":910.309,"body":"life for the product,"},{"startTime":910.309,"endTime":912.378,"body":"which I think is reasonable to imagine."},{"startTime":912.378,"endTime":916.181,"body":"So a dollar"},{"startTime":912.378,"endTime":916.181,"body":"a day is not a huge amount of money,"},{"startTime":916.181,"endTime":919.718,"body":"especially if you can charge $0.15"},{"startTime":916.181,"endTime":919.718,"body":"to charge a cell phone,"},{"startTime":920.519,"endTime":924.924,"body":"because I could charge"},{"startTime":920.519,"endTime":924.924,"body":"ten phones easily in a day with this kit"},{"startTime":925.19,"endTime":929.662,"body":"and still have more than 90% of battery"},{"startTime":925.19,"endTime":929.662,"body":"capacity left for transport applications."},{"startTime":930.396,"endTime":934.466,"body":"And I would be paying that dollar a day"},{"startTime":930.396,"endTime":934.466,"body":"cost of ownership."},{"startTime":934.867,"endTime":938.871,"body":"So finding out a business model"},{"startTime":934.867,"endTime":938.871,"body":"and a financing"},{"startTime":938.871,"endTime":942.408,"body":"mechanism is something that"},{"startTime":938.871,"endTime":942.408,"body":"I want the class to work on."},{"startTime":942.808,"endTime":947.079,"body":"So I'm hoping that with support"},{"startTime":942.808,"endTime":947.079,"body":"from a company"},{"startTime":947.079,"endTime":951.216,"body":"to help take this to the next level"},{"startTime":947.079,"endTime":951.216,"body":"of engineering development, to build"},{"startTime":951.216,"endTime":955.22,"body":"a real practical prototype"},{"startTime":951.216,"endTime":955.22,"body":"that could be used in a pilot program."},{"startTime":955.754,"endTime":958.557,"body":"And then with the associated business case"},{"startTime":958.557,"endTime":962.895,"body":"that I could persuade"},{"startTime":958.557,"endTime":962.895,"body":"or convince partners that there's"},{"startTime":962.895,"endTime":966.832,"body":"a real opportunity in assembling"},{"startTime":962.895,"endTime":966.832,"body":"or making this kit and deploying it."},{"startTime":967.366,"endTime":969.034,"body":"And so that's where I'm at right now."},{"startTime":970.903,"endTime":971.971,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":971.971,"endTime":975.307,"body":"Let's let's take this for a moment"},{"startTime":971.971,"endTime":975.307,"body":"and kind of move it"},{"startTime":975.307,"endTime":978.577,"body":"into mainstream back to the development"},{"startTime":975.307,"endTime":978.577,"body":"work, the developed world."},{"startTime":978.577,"endTime":978.978,"body":"Sorry."},{"startTime":978.978,"endTime":982.982,"body":"So either Europe, the US, over the last,"},{"startTime":978.978,"endTime":982.982,"body":"let's say"},{"startTime":983.515,"endTime":986.518,"body":"seven years,"},{"startTime":983.515,"endTime":986.518,"body":"let's say seven, maybe five years,"},{"startTime":986.852,"endTime":990.923,"body":"we've seen a rise and I think"},{"startTime":986.852,"endTime":990.923,"body":"at the same time fall off companies."},{"startTime":990.923,"endTime":995.728,"body":"I think they had a similar idea to you"},{"startTime":990.923,"endTime":995.728,"body":"instead of saying let's build all brand"},{"startTime":995.728,"endTime":1000.265,"body":"new electric vehicles, they said,"},{"startTime":995.728,"endTime":1000.265,"body":"here is a kit that you can upgrade"},{"startTime":1000.265,"endTime":1004.937,"body":"your existing vehicle you to to a pure EV"},{"startTime":1000.265,"endTime":1004.937,"body":"or at least to a hybrid right?"},{"startTime":1004.937,"endTime":1006.739,"body":"We've seen a surge in fleet sales."},{"startTime":1006.739,"endTime":1011.276,"body":"We've seen also in passenger vehicles,"},{"startTime":1006.739,"endTime":1011.276,"body":"but I would say may be heavily in medium"},{"startTime":1011.276,"endTime":1013.278,"body":"and heavy duty trucks. Right."},{"startTime":1013.278,"endTime":1015.414,"body":"But many of them"},{"startTime":1013.278,"endTime":1015.414,"body":"I've seen going away again."},{"startTime":1015.414,"endTime":1016.348,"body":"But what to me, it's"},{"startTime":1016.348,"endTime":1020.152,"body":"a similar approach to what you were going"},{"startTime":1016.348,"endTime":1020.152,"body":"is saying instead of coming up with a"},{"startTime":1020.219,"endTime":1025.958,"body":"with the perfect vehicle for sub-Sahara"},{"startTime":1020.219,"endTime":1025.958,"body":"Africa, you come up with a kit and the"},{"startTime":1025.958,"endTime":1028.027,"body":"you let the local people"},{"startTime":1025.958,"endTime":1028.027,"body":"figure out what to do."},{"startTime":1028.027,"endTime":1031.03,"body":"And probably between you and I,"},{"startTime":1028.027,"endTime":1031.03,"body":"if we bring it out today,"},{"startTime":1031.096,"endTime":1032.965,"body":"in a year,"},{"startTime":1031.096,"endTime":1032.965,"body":"we go over there and we look and say,"},{"startTime":1032.965,"endTime":1035.901,"body":"I never even realized it could be used for"},{"startTime":1032.965,"endTime":1035.901,"body":"this is brilliant."},{"startTime":1035.901,"endTime":1037.636,"body":"I didn't think of this. Right."},{"startTime":1037.636,"endTime":1038.37,"body":"And I think that's."},{"startTime":1038.37,"endTime":1043.242,"body":"ingenuity you talked about it before,"},{"startTime":1038.37,"endTime":1043.242,"body":"but what did we miss?"},{"startTime":1043.242,"endTime":1046.779,"body":"And to apply this idea in in the U.S.,"},{"startTime":1046.779,"endTime":1050.249,"body":"when I thought, again five or seven years"},{"startTime":1046.779,"endTime":1050.249,"body":"ago, these these outfitters"},{"startTime":1050.249,"endTime":1055.254,"body":"so to speak, to that make a a hybrid"},{"startTime":1050.249,"endTime":1055.254,"body":"or maybe a pure EV out of a standard"},{"startTime":1055.587,"endTime":1058.524,"body":"F-150 pickup truck or out of medium"},{"startTime":1058.524,"endTime":1061.527,"body":"duty Isuzu vehicle or something."},{"startTime":1061.994,"endTime":1063.395,"body":"Did we miss something there?"},{"startTime":1063.395,"endTime":1067.933,"body":"I mean, you worked in the space,"},{"startTime":1063.395,"endTime":1067.933,"body":"Chris, for, again, 30 years before"},{"startTime":1067.933,"endTime":1071.603,"body":"you started looking at what could you do"},{"startTime":1067.933,"endTime":1071.603,"body":"for the underdeveloped world?"},{"startTime":1072.137,"endTime":1073.272,"body":"Did we miss something?"},{"startTime":1073.272,"endTime":1077.142,"body":"Did we not pick up the right opportunity"},{"startTime":1073.272,"endTime":1077.142,"body":"with these conversion or up"},{"startTime":1077.142,"endTime":1081.88,"body":"feeder companies, or were they"},{"startTime":1077.142,"endTime":1081.88,"body":"just at the right time or the wrong time?"},{"startTime":1081.88,"endTime":1085.217,"body":"Right place, wrong time, wrong"},{"startTime":1081.88,"endTime":1085.217,"body":"time, right place?"},{"startTime":1085.484,"endTime":1086.685,"body":"What do you see there?"},{"startTime":1086.685,"endTime":1092.157,"body":"Well, I think it might"},{"startTime":1086.685,"endTime":1092.157,"body":"It might be too early to dismiss the idea,"},{"startTime":1092.157,"endTime":1095.294,"body":"even though some of those companies"},{"startTime":1092.157,"endTime":1095.294,"body":"may have gone belly up."},{"startTime":1095.561,"endTime":1099.298,"body":"I think it's you"},{"startTime":1095.561,"endTime":1099.298,"body":"know, as companies are beginning to"},{"startTime":1100.899,"endTime":1102.367,"body":"rethink electric"},{"startTime":1102.367,"endTime":1106.038,"body":"vehicle strategies,"},{"startTime":1102.367,"endTime":1106.038,"body":"given the materials challenges"},{"startTime":1106.305,"endTime":1109.374,"body":"and the costs, there may be"},{"startTime":1109.374,"endTime":1112.377,"body":"an opportunity for hybrids,"},{"startTime":1112.511,"endTime":1115.514,"body":"you know, plug in hybrids"},{"startTime":1112.511,"endTime":1115.514,"body":"and so forth with smaller batteries"},{"startTime":1115.848,"endTime":1119.585,"body":"that could enable vehicles"},{"startTime":1115.848,"endTime":1119.585,"body":"to meet regulatory requirements"},{"startTime":1119.852,"endTime":1123.322,"body":"or just have a cost of ownership."},{"startTime":1123.322,"endTime":1124.99,"body":"That makes sense."},{"startTime":1124.99,"endTime":1129.194,"body":"So I think in places like Europe,"},{"startTime":1124.99,"endTime":1129.194,"body":"many cities are looking to ban"},{"startTime":1129.194,"endTime":1132.598,"body":"internal combustion"},{"startTime":1129.194,"endTime":1132.598,"body":"engine vehicles from the city center."},{"startTime":1133.265,"endTime":1136.935,"body":"So the question becomes,"},{"startTime":1133.265,"endTime":1136.935,"body":"do you use pure electric or do you"},{"startTime":1137.269,"endTime":1141.206,"body":"electrify an internal combustion"},{"startTime":1137.269,"endTime":1141.206,"body":"engine vehicle"},{"startTime":1141.34,"endTime":1144.543,"body":"maybe as an aftermarket approach"},{"startTime":1141.34,"endTime":1144.543,"body":"or retrofit approach?"},{"startTime":1144.943,"endTime":1148.614,"body":"And I think there's a it's something"},{"startTime":1144.943,"endTime":1148.614,"body":"that needs to be closely looked at"},{"startTime":1148.747,"endTime":1152.818,"body":"because it could make sense,"},{"startTime":1148.747,"endTime":1152.818,"body":"given the challenges that these"},{"startTime":1152.818,"endTime":1156.688,"body":"all these companies are going to face,"},{"startTime":1152.818,"endTime":1156.688,"body":"trying to secure enough material supplies"},{"startTime":1156.889,"endTime":1158.423,"body":"with pure electric vehicles,"},{"startTime":1158.423,"endTime":1161.56,"body":"and especially with trucks"},{"startTime":1158.423,"endTime":1161.56,"body":"requiring such large batteries"},{"startTime":1161.76,"endTime":1165.03,"body":"if they're purely electric,"},{"startTime":1161.76,"endTime":1165.03,"body":"that could be a good economic argument"},{"startTime":1165.03,"endTime":1168.967,"body":"for the extended range"},{"startTime":1165.03,"endTime":1168.967,"body":"electric vehicle case."},{"startTime":1169.368,"endTime":1172.571,"body":"But, you know, until"},{"startTime":1173.572,"endTime":1175.374,"body":"recently, everybody"},{"startTime":1175.374,"endTime":1179.578,"body":"seemed to be at going from one extreme"},{"startTime":1175.374,"endTime":1179.578,"body":"to another, flipping"},{"startTime":1179.578,"endTime":1183.782,"body":"from internal combustion engine"},{"startTime":1179.578,"endTime":1183.782,"body":"to pure electric without thinking about."},{"startTime":1184.049,"endTime":1185.784,"body":"I mean, Toyota is an exception."},{"startTime":1185.784,"endTime":1188.587,"body":"They've been looking at hybrids"},{"startTime":1185.784,"endTime":1188.587,"body":"for a long time."},{"startTime":1188.587,"endTime":1190.789,"body":"But but most of the U.S."},{"startTime":1190.789,"endTime":1196.061,"body":"carmakers were following Tesla's lead"},{"startTime":1190.789,"endTime":1196.061,"body":"and just abandoning"},{"startTime":1196.395,"endTime":1199.398,"body":"plug in hybrids,"},{"startTime":1196.395,"endTime":1199.398,"body":"basically to a large extent."},{"startTime":1199.798,"endTime":1202.734,"body":"And maybe there's an opportunity"},{"startTime":1199.798,"endTime":1202.734,"body":"now to rethink"},{"startTime":1202.734,"endTime":1205.737,"body":"that."},{"startTime":1206.738,"endTime":1210.275,"body":"Going back to your idea, what kind of"},{"startTime":1206.738,"endTime":1210.275,"body":"intrigued me listening to this, right?"},{"startTime":1210.275,"endTime":1212.678,"body":"You sort of with your kit, right?"},{"startTime":1212.678,"endTime":1215.414,"body":"You would really solve the transportation"},{"startTime":1212.678,"endTime":1215.414,"body":"ocean issue."},{"startTime":1215.414,"endTime":1218.417,"body":"You would solve a"},{"startTime":1219.151,"endTime":1224.756,"body":"to overcome the barriers of upward"},{"startTime":1219.151,"endTime":1224.756,"body":"mobility from an economic standpoint"},{"startTime":1224.89,"endTime":1228.827,"body":"standpoint for many of these people, but"},{"startTime":1224.89,"endTime":1228.827,"body":"at the same and many other things as well."},{"startTime":1228.827,"endTime":1232.831,"body":"But at the same time and this is"},{"startTime":1228.827,"endTime":1232.831,"body":"what kind of gave me in a wow moment is"},{"startTime":1233.232,"endTime":1236.235,"body":"you're also solving"},{"startTime":1233.232,"endTime":1236.235,"body":"the infrastructure problem, right?"},{"startTime":1236.368,"endTime":1239.304,"body":"Instead of coming up with the large"},{"startTime":1236.368,"endTime":1239.304,"body":"charging stations"},{"startTime":1239.304,"endTime":1243.775,"body":"and coming up with a solution of whatever,"},{"startTime":1239.304,"endTime":1243.775,"body":"sending kilowatt of power over"},{"startTime":1243.842,"endTime":1247.646,"body":"high power cables to remote places,"},{"startTime":1243.842,"endTime":1247.646,"body":"you're saying, No, no, no, no."},{"startTime":1247.98,"endTime":1250.983,"body":"Just like we're talking micro mobility."},{"startTime":1250.983,"endTime":1252.851,"body":"I think you're talking microgrids, too."},{"startTime":1252.851,"endTime":1254.052,"body":"So. Absolutely."},{"startTime":1254.052,"endTime":1255.187,"body":"And those are already beginning"},{"startTime":1255.187,"endTime":1259.258,"body":"to take off in Africa, you know, to"},{"startTime":1255.187,"endTime":1259.258,"body":"to supply lighting, LED lighting"},{"startTime":1259.658,"endTime":1263.328,"body":"and cell phone"},{"startTime":1259.658,"endTime":1263.328,"body":"charging are good applications of that."},{"startTime":1263.595,"endTime":1267.666,"body":"So it's out of necessity,"},{"startTime":1263.595,"endTime":1267.666,"body":"but it could be the future,"},{"startTime":1268.133,"endTime":1270.669,"body":"just like they they leapfrogged America"},{"startTime":1270.669,"endTime":1275.073,"body":"when it came to finance payments,"},{"startTime":1270.669,"endTime":1275.073,"body":"you know being electronic"},{"startTime":1275.607,"endTime":1278.877,"body":"and wireless communications"},{"startTime":1275.607,"endTime":1278.877,"body":"for telephone telephony."},{"startTime":1279.211,"endTime":1282.08,"body":"So I think it's it's true"},{"startTime":1279.211,"endTime":1282.08,"body":"the improvements"},{"startTime":1282.08,"endTime":1285.35,"body":"that are being made in solar panels"},{"startTime":1282.08,"endTime":1285.35,"body":"and batteries are really beginning to"},{"startTime":1285.684,"endTime":1289.488,"body":"to filter down"},{"startTime":1285.684,"endTime":1289.488,"body":"now to the the poorest parts of the world."},{"startTime":1290.155,"endTime":1294.293,"body":"And, you know, whether this solar panel"},{"startTime":1290.155,"endTime":1294.293,"body":"is part of the vehicle itself."},{"startTime":1294.626,"endTime":1297.896,"body":"So the vehicle can basically stay charged"},{"startTime":1294.626,"endTime":1297.896,"body":"as it goes"},{"startTime":1298.23,"endTime":1300.899,"body":"or whether it's part of a the stationary,"},{"startTime":1302.301,"endTime":1303.902,"body":"inside the village, for example,"},{"startTime":1303.902,"endTime":1308.307,"body":"and the vehicle gets charge statement"},{"startTime":1303.902,"endTime":1308.307,"body":"over not overnight, but during the day."},{"startTime":1308.64,"endTime":1310.976,"body":"And then it can be used the next day."},{"startTime":1310.976,"endTime":1312.244,"body":"There's pros and cons to that."},{"startTime":1312.244,"endTime":1316.315,"body":"Obviously, if you mounted in"},{"startTime":1312.244,"endTime":1316.315,"body":"a stationary application, you can optimize"},{"startTime":1316.315,"endTime":1319.318,"body":"the angle of the solar panel"},{"startTime":1316.315,"endTime":1319.318,"body":"and it's less likely to get abused,"},{"startTime":1319.718,"endTime":1322.788,"body":"but there's an advantage"},{"startTime":1319.718,"endTime":1322.788,"body":"to having it on the vehicle as well."},{"startTime":1322.854,"endTime":1325.857,"body":"So you're not stranded as easily."},{"startTime":1327.125,"endTime":1329.261,"body":"But yeah, I'm open to both approaches."},{"startTime":1329.261,"endTime":1332.998,"body":"But so the kit"},{"startTime":1329.261,"endTime":1332.998,"body":"is basically a case size kit."},{"startTime":1333.265,"endTime":1338.27,"body":"The solar panels would obviously"},{"startTime":1333.265,"endTime":1338.27,"body":"be separate and they would be mounted"},{"startTime":1338.47,"endTime":1342.741,"body":"maybe on four posts"},{"startTime":1338.47,"endTime":1342.741,"body":"and provide shade as well."},{"startTime":1343.208,"endTime":1346.211,"body":"Weather protection if it's under the roof."},{"startTime":1347.879,"endTime":1348.547,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1348.547,"endTime":1352.417,"body":"So, so when we take this, Chris,"},{"startTime":1348.547,"endTime":1352.417,"body":"and we kind of put it into perspective"},{"startTime":1352.417,"endTime":1356.421,"body":"and say, let's see for a moment"},{"startTime":1352.417,"endTime":1356.421,"body":"that's going to happen"},{"startTime":1356.421,"endTime":1359.691,"body":"in, in Africa, okay, let's say"},{"startTime":1356.421,"endTime":1359.691,"body":"it's going to happen in Africa."},{"startTime":1359.958,"endTime":1365.097,"body":"What do you think what impact"},{"startTime":1359.958,"endTime":1365.097,"body":"that would have for the developed world?"},{"startTime":1365.097,"endTime":1366.298,"body":"So the U.S."},{"startTime":1366.298,"endTime":1369.568,"body":"and Europe for a moment,"},{"startTime":1366.298,"endTime":1369.568,"body":"okay, it's not the only developed world,"},{"startTime":1369.568,"endTime":1372.437,"body":"but it stay with those two regions"},{"startTime":1369.568,"endTime":1372.437,"body":"for a moment."},{"startTime":1372.437,"endTime":1374.639,"body":"What do you think"},{"startTime":1372.437,"endTime":1374.639,"body":"what impact that would have"},{"startTime":1374.639,"endTime":1378.71,"body":"from the constant discussions"},{"startTime":1374.639,"endTime":1378.71,"body":"we have today about Micromobility?"},{"startTime":1378.71,"endTime":1383.181,"body":"We talk a lot about it, but, you know,"},{"startTime":1378.71,"endTime":1383.181,"body":"all I see is maybe some some scooters"},{"startTime":1383.181,"endTime":1387.586,"body":"flying around in California in back with"},{"startTime":1383.181,"endTime":1387.586,"body":"and after time"},{"startTime":1387.586,"endTime":1391.456,"body":"I fear for my life because they"},{"startTime":1387.586,"endTime":1391.456,"body":"if they come around corners without any,"},{"startTime":1391.857,"endTime":1394.86,"body":"you know, helmets on"},{"startTime":1391.857,"endTime":1394.86,"body":"and I myself am not riding."},{"startTime":1395.46,"endTime":1398.53,"body":"So we talk a lot about it,"},{"startTime":1395.46,"endTime":1398.53,"body":"but I'm not sure we're really pushing it"},{"startTime":1398.53,"endTime":1401.533,"body":"to where everybody is talking about"},{"startTime":1398.53,"endTime":1401.533,"body":"or it's not getting there."},{"startTime":1401.867,"endTime":1405.47,"body":"We're talking about the constant problem,"},{"startTime":1401.867,"endTime":1405.47,"body":"at least in this country right"},{"startTime":1405.47,"endTime":1409.941,"body":"in the U.S., about the infrastructure"},{"startTime":1405.47,"endTime":1409.941,"body":"as it relates to electric vehicles."},{"startTime":1409.941,"endTime":1410.742,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1410.742,"endTime":1412.077,"body":"What do you think?"},{"startTime":1412.077,"endTime":1416.014,"body":"What would actually not just the impact"},{"startTime":1412.077,"endTime":1416.014,"body":"on, let's say, Africa, maybe,"},{"startTime":1416.014,"endTime":1420.619,"body":"but what would that successful"},{"startTime":1416.014,"endTime":1420.619,"body":"implementation as we reimagine mobility?"},{"startTime":1420.619,"endTime":1423.822,"body":"What do you see"},{"startTime":1420.619,"endTime":1423.822,"body":"that would do for a country like the U.S.?"},{"startTime":1424.222,"endTime":1426.425,"body":"Would we learn something"},{"startTime":1424.222,"endTime":1426.425,"body":"and what would it be"},{"startTime":1426.425,"endTime":1428.693,"body":"that we learned from it"},{"startTime":1426.425,"endTime":1428.693,"body":"or in Europe as well?"},{"startTime":1428.693,"endTime":1430.429,"body":"Interesting. Your perspective."},{"startTime":1430.429,"endTime":1432.697,"body":"I honestly think Europe"},{"startTime":1434.166,"endTime":1436.701,"body":"is far more promising application here"},{"startTime":1436.701,"endTime":1440.372,"body":"because many cities in Europe"},{"startTime":1436.701,"endTime":1440.372,"body":"are looking seriously at banning cars,"},{"startTime":1440.639,"endTime":1444.176,"body":"not just internal combustion"},{"startTime":1440.639,"endTime":1444.176,"body":"engine vehicles, but electric as well,"},{"startTime":1444.509,"endTime":1448.447,"body":"because of congestion"},{"startTime":1444.509,"endTime":1448.447,"body":"and safety and parking and those issues."},{"startTime":1448.713,"endTime":1452.717,"body":"So if you ban internal or cars in general"},{"startTime":1452.918,"endTime":1456.388,"body":"from the downtown"},{"startTime":1452.918,"endTime":1456.388,"body":"areas of the many cities in Europe,"},{"startTime":1456.788,"endTime":1460.859,"body":"you open up the opportunity"},{"startTime":1456.788,"endTime":1460.859,"body":"to create a new class of vehicles"},{"startTime":1461.259,"endTime":1465.397,"body":"that can be much lighter and don't need"},{"startTime":1461.259,"endTime":1465.397,"body":"the crash structure integrity"},{"startTime":1465.664,"endTime":1469.601,"body":"or the high speed capability or the long"},{"startTime":1465.664,"endTime":1469.601,"body":"range capability the cars have."},{"startTime":1470.335,"endTime":1474.139,"body":"And they could be so much lighter"},{"startTime":1470.335,"endTime":1474.139,"body":"and cheaper to operate"},{"startTime":1474.539,"endTime":1478.61,"body":"and they could actually be made"},{"startTime":1474.539,"endTime":1478.61,"body":"from a much wider variety of materials"},{"startTime":1478.877,"endTime":1481.88,"body":"because, again,"},{"startTime":1478.877,"endTime":1481.88,"body":"the structural requirements go way down"},{"startTime":1481.88,"endTime":1485.684,"body":"the ride and handling stability,"},{"startTime":1481.88,"endTime":1485.684,"body":"stiffness, all those things change."},{"startTime":1486.084,"endTime":1489.488,"body":"So you could actually"},{"startTime":1486.084,"endTime":1489.488,"body":"open up the opportunity to"},{"startTime":1490.088,"endTime":1492.691,"body":"re recycle components,"},{"startTime":1492.691,"endTime":1495.627,"body":"plastics, bamboo, wood."},{"startTime":1495.76,"endTime":1499.03,"body":"We kind of smile at these ideas,"},{"startTime":1495.76,"endTime":1499.03,"body":"but it becomes practical"},{"startTime":1499.03,"endTime":1501.299,"body":"if you don't have to worry"},{"startTime":1499.03,"endTime":1501.299,"body":"about crashing into a car"},{"startTime":1501.299,"endTime":1505.77,"body":"or surviving a crash from a car and you're"},{"startTime":1501.299,"endTime":1505.77,"body":"only operating at 10 to 15 miles"},{"startTime":1505.77,"endTime":1508.707,"body":"per hour, which is the traffic speeds"},{"startTime":1505.77,"endTime":1508.707,"body":"anyway in the city center today."},{"startTime":1509.641,"endTime":1512.644,"body":"And it's safer,"},{"startTime":1509.641,"endTime":1512.644,"body":"similar to a bicycle speed."},{"startTime":1512.777,"endTime":1517.382,"body":"So you could get a significant fraction"},{"startTime":1512.777,"endTime":1517.382,"body":"of the energy from solar,"},{"startTime":1517.382,"endTime":1520.385,"body":"especially in the summertime"},{"startTime":1517.382,"endTime":1520.385,"body":"with such a lightweight vehicle,"},{"startTime":1520.519,"endTime":1523.588,"body":"because it would be so much more energy"},{"startTime":1520.519,"endTime":1523.588,"body":"efficient than a car."},{"startTime":1524.256,"endTime":1528.193,"body":"And and so you could reduce the strain"},{"startTime":1524.256,"endTime":1528.193,"body":"on the electric grid."},{"startTime":1528.26,"endTime":1530.662,"body":"These vehicles could be made locally."},{"startTime":1530.662,"endTime":1534.065,"body":"I mean, that's not a great vision"},{"startTime":1530.662,"endTime":1534.065,"body":"for car companies"},{"startTime":1534.399,"endTime":1538.336,"body":"to think of local communities basically"},{"startTime":1534.399,"endTime":1538.336,"body":"building and designing their own vehicles"},{"startTime":1538.537,"endTime":1539.538,"body":"because they're so much easier."},{"startTime":1539.538,"endTime":1541.473,"body":"They're almost like golf carts."},{"startTime":1541.473,"endTime":1544.943,"body":"They're that simple and potentially they"},{"startTime":1541.473,"endTime":1544.943,"body":"could be autonomous in the future as well."},{"startTime":1545.877,"endTime":1550.549,"body":"But it's a vision that I think"},{"startTime":1545.877,"endTime":1550.549,"body":"is very exciting because mayors and city"},{"startTime":1550.549,"endTime":1554.419,"body":"planners are looking to"},{"startTime":1550.549,"endTime":1554.419,"body":"solve traffic problems, obviously,"},{"startTime":1554.819,"endTime":1557.756,"body":"but they're trying to create jobs."},{"startTime":1558.69,"endTime":1560.759,"body":"And wouldn't it be a great"},{"startTime":1560.759,"endTime":1563.762,"body":"mission to create jobs in the city,"},{"startTime":1564.095,"endTime":1568.166,"body":"factories in the city, design"},{"startTime":1564.095,"endTime":1568.166,"body":"and development facilities in the city"},{"startTime":1568.5,"endTime":1571.436,"body":"to create your own, you know, vehicles"},{"startTime":1571.97,"endTime":1574.773,"body":"and you might export them"},{"startTime":1571.97,"endTime":1574.773,"body":"to other cities as well."},{"startTime":1574.773,"endTime":1578.109,"body":"So I think it's a great vision"},{"startTime":1574.773,"endTime":1578.109,"body":"and I think it could be enabled"},{"startTime":1578.109,"endTime":1580.645,"body":"if you actually ban cars"},{"startTime":1578.109,"endTime":1580.645,"body":"from the city center,"},{"startTime":1580.645,"endTime":1584.115,"body":"which European cities are looking"},{"startTime":1580.645,"endTime":1584.115,"body":"to do more and more in America, it's"},{"startTime":1584.115,"endTime":1587.319,"body":"going to be much tougher because I don't"},{"startTime":1584.115,"endTime":1587.319,"body":"see that same movement in America."},{"startTime":1587.719,"endTime":1590.722,"body":"So I think the opportunities in America"},{"startTime":1587.719,"endTime":1590.722,"body":"more like"},{"startTime":1590.789,"endTime":1594.125,"body":"last mile delivery vehicles"},{"startTime":1590.789,"endTime":1594.125,"body":"that can operate in the bicycle lanes."},{"startTime":1595.06,"endTime":1597.062,"body":"but again, some people are"},{"startTime":1597.062,"endTime":1600.065,"body":"concerned about safety"},{"startTime":1597.062,"endTime":1600.065,"body":"even when in the bicycle lane."},{"startTime":1600.599,"endTime":1603.335,"body":"But if cities can open up bicycle lanes"},{"startTime":1603.335,"endTime":1606.538,"body":"for not only bicycles but,"},{"startTime":1603.335,"endTime":1606.538,"body":"you know, covered vehicles"},{"startTime":1607.072,"endTime":1610.742,"body":"that could provide transport of goods"},{"startTime":1607.072,"endTime":1610.742,"body":"and and low cost"},{"startTime":1611.142,"endTime":1614.613,"body":"people movement,"},{"startTime":1611.142,"endTime":1614.613,"body":"that could be an opportunity."},{"startTime":1615.413,"endTime":1618.883,"body":"I did partner with another company"},{"startTime":1615.413,"endTime":1618.883,"body":"to apply"},{"startTime":1618.883,"endTime":1623.622,"body":"for funds from the Central Station,"},{"startTime":1618.883,"endTime":1623.622,"body":"the Corktown project."},{"startTime":1623.622,"endTime":1629.427,"body":"We became finalists with this vision"},{"startTime":1623.622,"endTime":1629.427,"body":"or this opportunity to create a tricycle"},{"startTime":1629.628,"endTime":1633.231,"body":"that is that powered"},{"startTime":1629.628,"endTime":1633.231,"body":"that could transport low income people"},{"startTime":1634.032,"endTime":1636.635,"body":"in that area using the bicycle lanes."},{"startTime":1636.635,"endTime":1640.171,"body":"So we were finalists,"},{"startTime":1636.635,"endTime":1640.171,"body":"but we didn't actually win the award."},{"startTime":1640.305,"endTime":1642.774,"body":"But I still think it's a good idea."},{"startTime":1642.774,"endTime":1644.843,"body":"But I think Europe"},{"startTime":1642.774,"endTime":1644.843,"body":"is going to be further along."},{"startTime":1644.843,"endTime":1648.713,"body":"And then if you think about"},{"startTime":1644.843,"endTime":1648.713,"body":"where the batteries from European"},{"startTime":1648.913,"endTime":1652.317,"body":"car companies go at end of life,"},{"startTime":1648.913,"endTime":1652.317,"body":"they might end up in Africa."},{"startTime":1652.851,"endTime":1656.988,"body":"And so that could be a good market"},{"startTime":1652.851,"endTime":1656.988,"body":"for these used electric vehicles"},{"startTime":1656.988,"endTime":1660.859,"body":"in the batteries"},{"startTime":1656.988,"endTime":1660.859,"body":"to go to Africa for the kit."},{"startTime":1662.594,"endTime":1664.596,"body":"Wow. Very good, Chris."},{"startTime":1664.596,"endTime":1665.73,"body":"I think we could go on here."},{"startTime":1665.73,"endTime":1668.933,"body":"I mean, I have more questions"},{"startTime":1665.73,"endTime":1668.933,"body":"and we're running out of time, so,"},{"startTime":1669.2,"endTime":1673.738,"body":"I mean, very provocative,"},{"startTime":1669.2,"endTime":1673.738,"body":"but again, very visionary, but also very,"},{"startTime":1674.339,"endTime":1677.475,"body":"I think, very appropriate"},{"startTime":1674.339,"endTime":1677.475,"body":"to what you're looking for specifically,"},{"startTime":1677.475,"endTime":1679.611,"body":"again, for places like like Africa."},{"startTime":1679.611,"endTime":1683.415,"body":"And certainly, again,"},{"startTime":1679.611,"endTime":1683.415,"body":"I firmly believe we can all learn from"},{"startTime":1683.415,"endTime":1687.619,"body":"from this"},{"startTime":1683.415,"endTime":1687.619,"body":"and kind of challenge our mindsets."},{"startTime":1687.619,"endTime":1690.889,"body":"And what we're looking at is"},{"startTime":1687.619,"endTime":1690.889,"body":"how we reimagine mobility"},{"startTime":1690.889,"endTime":1693.892,"body":"in places like Europe or the U.S.."},{"startTime":1694.025,"endTime":1697.295,"body":"So maybe, Chris, to end it,"},{"startTime":1694.025,"endTime":1697.295,"body":"a totally different question."},{"startTime":1697.629,"endTime":1700.498,"body":"I'll be interested in what you're saying,"},{"startTime":1697.629,"endTime":1700.498,"body":"because make sure you answer with"},{"startTime":1700.498,"endTime":1701.9,"body":"are you going to buy a bicycle?"},{"startTime":1701.9,"endTime":1703.635,"body":"I don't know."},{"startTime":1703.635,"endTime":1706.638,"body":"What's your next vehicle"},{"startTime":1703.635,"endTime":1706.638,"body":"you're going to buy and why?"},{"startTime":1706.705,"endTime":1707.105,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":1708.373,"endTime":1709.04,"body":"we have three"},{"startTime":1709.04,"endTime":1712.444,"body":"vehicles in our household"},{"startTime":1709.04,"endTime":1712.444,"body":"because there's several of us."},{"startTime":1712.444,"endTime":1715.98,"body":"And we just bought a Chevrolet bolt"},{"startTime":1712.444,"endTime":1715.98,"body":"last year"},{"startTime":1716.581,"endTime":1719.184,"body":"and we have a Chevrolet Volt"},{"startTime":1716.581,"endTime":1719.184,"body":"extended range"},{"startTime":1719.184,"endTime":1722.187,"body":"electric vehicle, which I think"},{"startTime":1719.184,"endTime":1722.187,"body":"was discontinued before its time."},{"startTime":1722.253,"endTime":1724.456,"body":"I think that's a great solution."},{"startTime":1724.456,"endTime":1729.794,"body":"I think that the challenge"},{"startTime":1724.456,"endTime":1729.794,"body":"with buying another electric vehicle"},{"startTime":1729.794,"endTime":1732.797,"body":"when our internal combustion"},{"startTime":1729.794,"endTime":1732.797,"body":"engine vehicle disappears"},{"startTime":1732.797,"endTime":1735.934,"body":"or runs out of gas, so to speak, is"},{"startTime":1737.268,"endTime":1740.472,"body":"the challenge"},{"startTime":1737.268,"endTime":1740.472,"body":"in what happens when the grid fails"},{"startTime":1741.272,"endTime":1743.608,"body":"or if you're stranded somewhere?"},{"startTime":1743.608,"endTime":1746.344,"body":"It's at this moment it makes sense"},{"startTime":1746.344,"endTime":1749.881,"body":"to have an internal combustion"},{"startTime":1746.344,"endTime":1749.881,"body":"engine vehicle as a as a backup vehicle."},{"startTime":1750.215,"endTime":1752.484,"body":"And if you go long distances,"},{"startTime":1752.484,"endTime":1755.687,"body":"it makes sense to use"},{"startTime":1752.484,"endTime":1755.687,"body":"that internal combustion engine vehicle."},{"startTime":1755.687,"endTime":1756.488,"body":"And I think most people"},{"startTime":1756.488,"endTime":1759.958,"body":"who currently own a electric vehicle"},{"startTime":1756.488,"endTime":1759.958,"body":"probably have a second vehicle"},{"startTime":1760.692,"endTime":1764.162,"body":"because they're relatively expensive"},{"startTime":1760.692,"endTime":1764.162,"body":"and you have to be relatively"},{"startTime":1764.295,"endTime":1766.364,"body":"well off to afford an electric vehicle."},{"startTime":1766.364,"endTime":1769.434,"body":"So I've never used"},{"startTime":1766.364,"endTime":1769.434,"body":"a charging station in my life"},{"startTime":1769.968,"endTime":1772.837,"body":"because the electric vehicle"},{"startTime":1769.968,"endTime":1772.837,"body":"we have is perfect for driving"},{"startTime":1772.837,"endTime":1775.84,"body":"around metro Detroit,"},{"startTime":1772.837,"endTime":1775.84,"body":"going to the airport and so forth."},{"startTime":1775.974,"endTime":1779.377,"body":"And if we need to go much further,"},{"startTime":1775.974,"endTime":1779.377,"body":"we just take the internal combustion"},{"startTime":1779.377,"endTime":1780.578,"body":"engine vehicle."},{"startTime":1780.578,"endTime":1784.783,"body":"So my vision is that car makers look at"},{"startTime":1785.85,"endTime":1786.384,"body":"reducing the"},{"startTime":1786.384,"endTime":1789.387,"body":"size of the battery"},{"startTime":1786.384,"endTime":1789.387,"body":"significantly in their vehicles."},{"startTime":1789.521,"endTime":1792.056,"body":"Making the vehicle"},{"startTime":1789.521,"endTime":1792.056,"body":"smaller is a bit of a challenge,"},{"startTime":1792.056,"endTime":1794.592,"body":"but making the vehicles"},{"startTime":1792.056,"endTime":1794.592,"body":"have a smaller battery"},{"startTime":1794.592,"endTime":1797.595,"body":"and having much better"},{"startTime":1794.592,"endTime":1797.595,"body":"charging infrastructure,"},{"startTime":1798.263,"endTime":1802.867,"body":"I think that's a much smarter solution"},{"startTime":1798.263,"endTime":1802.867,"body":"then from a resource management"},{"startTime":1802.867,"endTime":1805.87,"body":"and a national security"},{"startTime":1802.867,"endTime":1805.87,"body":"and a climate change perspective"},{"startTime":1806.204,"endTime":1810.408,"body":"than having huge batteries"},{"startTime":1806.204,"endTime":1810.408,"body":"in all of these vehicles."},{"startTime":1810.942,"endTime":1814.412,"body":"So I would like to see"},{"startTime":1810.942,"endTime":1814.412,"body":"more smaller vehicles"},{"startTime":1814.412,"endTime":1817.615,"body":"that maybe have two or hundred mile range"},{"startTime":1814.412,"endTime":1817.615,"body":"instead of 300 miles."},{"startTime":1817.949,"endTime":1822.353,"body":"And but to complement that"},{"startTime":1817.949,"endTime":1822.353,"body":"with much more intuitive"},{"startTime":1822.353,"endTime":1826.224,"body":"and ubiquitous charging infrastructure"},{"startTime":1822.353,"endTime":1826.224,"body":"to put people's minds at rest."},{"startTime":1826.691,"endTime":1831.029,"body":"But at this moment, I don't have an issue"},{"startTime":1826.691,"endTime":1831.029,"body":"with range anxiety because I always have"},{"startTime":1831.029,"endTime":1834.632,"body":"a an internal combustion"},{"startTime":1831.029,"endTime":1834.632,"body":"engine vehicle for really long drives."},{"startTime":1835.166,"endTime":1837.368,"body":"But I know that that's"},{"startTime":1835.166,"endTime":1837.368,"body":"not a long term solution."},{"startTime":1838.903,"endTime":1840.371,"body":"Right, Right."},{"startTime":1840.371,"endTime":1841.239,"body":"Chris, very good."},{"startTime":1841.239,"endTime":1843.041,"body":"Thank you so much for Thank you."},{"startTime":1843.041,"endTime":1846.578,"body":"Sharing a little bit of all"},{"startTime":1843.041,"endTime":1846.578,"body":"what's going on in your life"},{"startTime":1846.578,"endTime":1849.047,"body":"and what your vision is and your passion."},{"startTime":1849.047,"endTime":1851.85,"body":"I can feel it and I can see it"},{"startTime":1849.047,"endTime":1851.85,"body":"just talking to you and see."},{"startTime":1851.85,"endTime":1852.383,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":1852.383,"endTime":1854.919,"body":"Thank you so much. Thank you very much."},{"startTime":1852.383,"endTime":1854.919,"body":"It's been a pleasure. Thank you."}]}