{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.4,"endTime":1.453,"body":"- Dear friends,"},{"startTime":3.68,"endTime":6.587,"body":"the topic today is \"Soviet"},{"startTime":3.68,"endTime":6.587,"body":"Music in World War II.\""},{"startTime":8.0,"endTime":11.58,"body":"And it's a very difficult"},{"startTime":8.0,"endTime":11.58,"body":"lecture to give at this time."},{"startTime":11.58,"endTime":13.183,"body":"I'm sure you understand why."},{"startTime":16.66,"endTime":17.76,"body":"In fact, I was thinking"},{"startTime":17.76,"endTime":22.41,"body":"of whether it was so"},{"startTime":17.76,"endTime":22.41,"body":"inappropriate to do this lecture"},{"startTime":22.41,"endTime":23.593,"body":"that I should cancel."},{"startTime":25.24,"endTime":27.3,"body":"But there are two reasons"},{"startTime":25.24,"endTime":27.3,"body":"why I didn't want to do it."},{"startTime":27.3,"endTime":29.32,"body":"First of all, our young musicians"},{"startTime":29.32,"endTime":31.83,"body":"who are going to be performing"},{"startTime":29.32,"endTime":31.83,"body":"to you already learned"},{"startTime":31.83,"endTime":34.53,"body":"the lovely piece that you're"},{"startTime":31.83,"endTime":34.53,"body":"going to hear at the end,"},{"startTime":35.49,"endTime":40.23,"body":"and secondly, I think that"},{"startTime":35.49,"endTime":40.23,"body":"those who are in charge"},{"startTime":40.23,"endTime":41.73,"body":"of Russian propaganda right now"},{"startTime":41.73,"endTime":45.68,"body":"would not like me doing this."},{"startTime":45.68,"endTime":48.273,"body":"In fact, it's been criminalized."},{"startTime":50.52,"endTime":54.07,"body":"And for that reason, I think,"},{"startTime":50.52,"endTime":54.07,"body":"it's a good thing to do it,"},{"startTime":54.07,"endTime":56.023,"body":"it might be useful to do it."},{"startTime":57.55,"endTime":60.818,"body":"Why is it particularly difficult,"},{"startTime":60.818,"endTime":62.78,"body":"and, you know, possibly inappropriate"},{"startTime":62.78,"endTime":65.02,"body":"to do a lecture like this?"},{"startTime":65.02,"endTime":70.02,"body":"Because, well, I have"},{"startTime":65.02,"endTime":70.02,"body":"grown up with the cult"},{"startTime":70.04,"endTime":73.55,"body":"of the Second World War, and in particular"},{"startTime":73.55,"endTime":75.19,"body":"with the Russian part of it,"},{"startTime":75.19,"endTime":77.763,"body":"yeah, so which starts in 1941,"},{"startTime":78.65,"endTime":81.403,"body":"which we call the Great Patriotic War."},{"startTime":82.29,"endTime":84.07,"body":"So as you can imagine,"},{"startTime":84.07,"endTime":86.3,"body":"children are kind of"},{"startTime":84.07,"endTime":86.3,"body":"indoctrinated in this way"},{"startTime":86.3,"endTime":88.02,"body":"very early on in school"},{"startTime":88.02,"endTime":91.27,"body":"you meet the veterans,"},{"startTime":88.02,"endTime":91.27,"body":"you read the stories,"},{"startTime":91.27,"endTime":92.81,"body":"and it becomes part of you,"},{"startTime":92.81,"endTime":96.49,"body":"and, of course, you also have"},{"startTime":92.81,"endTime":96.49,"body":"some kind of family history,"},{"startTime":96.49,"endTime":99.75,"body":"that connects you to that time."},{"startTime":99.75,"endTime":102.93,"body":"And I'm sure my British"},{"startTime":99.75,"endTime":102.93,"body":"listeners will agree"},{"startTime":102.93,"endTime":105.35,"body":"that it's the same or was the same,"},{"startTime":105.35,"endTime":107.54,"body":"or has been the same in Britain."},{"startTime":107.54,"endTime":110.74,"body":"Yeah, the spirit of the"},{"startTime":107.54,"endTime":110.74,"body":"Blitz is still alive"},{"startTime":110.74,"endTime":112.28,"body":"and there are plenty of documentaries"},{"startTime":112.28,"endTime":115.23,"body":"that people keep watching about that time."},{"startTime":115.23,"endTime":118.037,"body":"And there is something,"},{"startTime":115.23,"endTime":118.037,"body":"a little bit of us,"},{"startTime":118.037,"endTime":122.973,"body":"that is proud of what was done not by us,"},{"startTime":123.86,"endTime":126.563,"body":"but by people we have some"},{"startTime":123.86,"endTime":126.563,"body":"kind of connection with."},{"startTime":128.6,"endTime":131.69,"body":"So I suppose this is, this little bit"},{"startTime":131.69,"endTime":136.69,"body":"of national pride that we all had,"},{"startTime":136.9,"endTime":140.13,"body":"I'm talking about the"},{"startTime":136.9,"endTime":140.13,"body":"Russians, that we all had,"},{"startTime":140.13,"endTime":143.63,"body":"and even people who would"},{"startTime":140.13,"endTime":143.63,"body":"disagree on all sorts"},{"startTime":143.63,"endTime":145.62,"body":"of other political issues, you know,"},{"startTime":145.62,"endTime":150.62,"body":"liberals and conservatives,"},{"startTime":145.62,"endTime":150.62,"body":"used to agree on one thing;"},{"startTime":150.809,"endTime":153.363,"body":"that the memory of the war was sacred,"},{"startTime":155.069,"endTime":157.41,"body":"that we should not forget"},{"startTime":155.069,"endTime":157.41,"body":"the victims of the war,"},{"startTime":157.41,"endTime":162.41,"body":"and that we should always"},{"startTime":157.41,"endTime":162.41,"body":"keep that vicarious memory"},{"startTime":163.21,"endTime":165.993,"body":"in mind in order for"},{"startTime":163.21,"endTime":165.993,"body":"this not to be repeated."},{"startTime":167.09,"endTime":172.09,"body":"But what happened in the last,"},{"startTime":167.09,"endTime":172.09,"body":"I don't know, 15, 10 years,"},{"startTime":172.46,"endTime":176.84,"body":"this cult of the war was hijacked"},{"startTime":172.46,"endTime":176.84,"body":"by the Russian government,"},{"startTime":176.84,"endTime":181.433,"body":"completely became more and"},{"startTime":176.84,"endTime":181.433,"body":"more grand and vulgarized."},{"startTime":183.09,"endTime":185.45,"body":"The 9th May became the holiday"},{"startTime":185.45,"endTime":188.23,"body":"that not everyone wanted to"},{"startTime":185.45,"endTime":188.23,"body":"celebrate because you would"},{"startTime":188.23,"endTime":190.28,"body":"be aligning yourself with the government."},{"startTime":192.24,"endTime":197.019,"body":"It was vulgarized, and"},{"startTime":192.24,"endTime":197.019,"body":"somehow out of this, you know,"},{"startTime":197.019,"endTime":198.993,"body":"let's not forget this, lest we forget,"},{"startTime":200.67,"endTime":205.67,"body":"came out a little nasty"},{"startTime":200.67,"endTime":205.67,"body":"slogan, \"We can do this again,"},{"startTime":207.657,"endTime":209.79,"body":"\"if necessary, we can do this again.\""},{"startTime":209.79,"endTime":212.37,"body":"It seems to be coming from a song,"},{"startTime":212.37,"endTime":214.667,"body":"a military song from 1955."},{"startTime":214.667,"endTime":216.937,"body":"\"We've marched through half of Europe,"},{"startTime":216.937,"endTime":219.477,"body":"\"if necessary, we can repeat."},{"startTime":219.477,"endTime":220.33,"body":"\"We can repeat.\""},{"startTime":220.33,"endTime":223.413,"body":"This is this little"},{"startTime":220.33,"endTime":223.413,"body":"nasty slogan, nasty meme."},{"startTime":224.95,"endTime":229.56,"body":"And, unfortunately, this is"},{"startTime":224.95,"endTime":229.56,"body":"exactly what is happening"},{"startTime":229.56,"endTime":233.88,"body":"right now, this is exactly"},{"startTime":229.56,"endTime":233.88,"body":"the propaganda preparation"},{"startTime":233.88,"endTime":238.21,"body":"for the events that unfolded"},{"startTime":233.88,"endTime":238.21,"body":"on the 24th of February,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":238.21,"endTime":243.21,"body":"the"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":238.21,"endTime":243.21,"body":"Russian invasion of Ukraine."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":245.6,"endTime":248.07,"body":"Because if you were in Russia today,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":248.07,"endTime":251.18,"body":"just watching the news on TV"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":251.18,"endTime":254.143,"body":"you would not be aware"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":251.18,"endTime":254.143,"body":"that a war is going on,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":255.51,"endTime":259.143,"body":"because it's not a war,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":255.51,"endTime":259.143,"body":"it's a special operation."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":260.6,"endTime":264.0,"body":"You are shown, I think today they showed"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":264.0,"endTime":267.387,"body":"the horrible destruction"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":264.0,"endTime":267.387,"body":"Mariupol, and they said,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":267.387,"endTime":272.097,"body":"\"Look what Ukrainian Nazis have done.\""},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":275.66,"endTime":280.28,"body":"Not to mention that the dehumanization"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":280.28,"endTime":285.04,"body":"of this propaganda reached"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":280.28,"endTime":285.04,"body":"such a stage that even,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":285.04,"endTime":288.48,"body":"they would not announce"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":285.04,"endTime":288.48,"body":"the Russian losses."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":288.48,"endTime":290.86,"body":"We don't know how many people were lost,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":290.86,"endTime":293.563,"body":"on TV, there was not a"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":290.86,"endTime":293.563,"body":"single announcement of that."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":295.94,"endTime":299.7,"body":"So people are living a lie,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":299.7,"endTime":302.933,"body":"living surrounded by this"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":299.7,"endTime":302.933,"body":"lie, which is an unbearable."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":305.281,"endTime":309.213,"body":"And the memory of World War II,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":310.18,"endTime":312.15,"body":"that pride is now gone for us."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":312.15,"endTime":315.86,"body":"It's not possible for me to"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":312.15,"endTime":315.86,"body":"do what I was planning to do,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":315.86,"endTime":318.92,"body":"to play some popular songs"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":315.86,"endTime":318.92,"body":"because these popular songs"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":318.92,"endTime":323.92,"body":"have been sullied by this"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":318.92,"endTime":323.92,"body":"hijacking of the war cult."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":328.3,"endTime":329.8,"body":"What I've decided to do,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":329.8,"endTime":332.373,"body":"I've decided to connect"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":329.8,"endTime":332.373,"body":"to the present events,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":334.1,"endTime":338.93,"body":"and this is why I've chosen"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":334.1,"endTime":338.93,"body":"this image, which I think,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":338.93,"endTime":343.93,"body":"you know, does create a"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":338.93,"endTime":343.93,"body":"connection between the two wars,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":343.97,"endTime":345.77,"body":"but the positive one."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":345.77,"endTime":348.74,"body":"Here, you see a woman who went through"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":348.74,"endTime":352.37,"body":"the Siege of Leningrad,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":348.74,"endTime":352.37,"body":"obviously she must have been"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":352.37,"endTime":354.24,"body":"quite young at the time,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":354.24,"endTime":357.07,"body":"who is being arrested for"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":354.24,"endTime":357.07,"body":"protesting during the war."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":357.07,"endTime":360.23,"body":"This is a photograph taken"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":357.07,"endTime":360.23,"body":"in the last few weeks."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":360.23,"endTime":362.93,"body":"And after having been"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":360.23,"endTime":362.93,"body":"arrested and released,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":362.93,"endTime":366.45,"body":"she's come our again"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":362.93,"endTime":366.45,"body":"with a different placard"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":366.45,"endTime":371.163,"body":"that she's herself painted,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":366.45,"endTime":371.163,"body":"and she will not be stopped."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":373.63,"endTime":377.36,"body":"So this image is the"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":373.63,"endTime":377.36,"body":"only thing to hold on to,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":377.36,"endTime":378.31,"body":"in a sense, for me."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":382.8,"endTime":387.57,"body":"So I will be begin from"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":382.8,"endTime":387.57,"body":"the events before 1941,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":387.57,"endTime":391.55,"body":"yes, from 1939, because that"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":387.57,"endTime":391.55,"body":"part of the World War II"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":391.55,"endTime":393.92,"body":"usually wasn't part of the cult."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":393.92,"endTime":395.91,"body":"In fact, it was forgotten."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":395.91,"endTime":399.15,"body":"In fact, it wasn't written"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":395.91,"endTime":399.15,"body":"down on history books"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":399.15,"endTime":402.573,"body":"and we did not study it in school."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":405.28,"endTime":409.14,"body":"So what was forgotten was"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":405.28,"endTime":409.14,"body":"the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":409.14,"endTime":412.47,"body":"which meant that Russia,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":409.14,"endTime":412.47,"body":"just before the beginning"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":412.47,"endTime":416.08,"body":"of World War II signed a pact"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":416.08,"endTime":418.35,"body":"of non-aggression with"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":416.08,"endTime":418.35,"body":"Germany, with Hitler."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":418.35,"endTime":423.253,"body":"And this photograph was in all the papers."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":425.24,"endTime":429.69,"body":"People, now imagine that for many years,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":429.69,"endTime":434.68,"body":"not just weeks and months,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":429.69,"endTime":434.68,"body":"people were told that, you know,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":437.19,"endTime":439.99,"body":"Nazis were bad, that it's terrible,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":439.99,"endTime":442.72,"body":"there was denunciations of fascism"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":442.72,"endTime":445.003,"body":"in every single newspaper."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":445.91,"endTime":449.643,"body":"And then suddenly, you sign"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":445.91,"endTime":449.643,"body":"a part of non-agreement,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":451.706,"endTime":455.357,"body":"and what's worse, you actually"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":451.706,"endTime":455.357,"body":"cross the Polish border."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":458.34,"endTime":461.81,"body":"So I looked at some of the diaries"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":461.81,"endTime":465.03,"body":"which were written at"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":461.81,"endTime":465.03,"body":"the time by Russians."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":465.03,"endTime":468.107,"body":"One of them says, \"In 'Pravda'"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":465.03,"endTime":468.107,"body":"today, one of the reports"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":468.107,"endTime":473.107,"body":"\"from Western Ukraine styled"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":468.107,"endTime":473.107,"body":"the Poles as the hateful enemy."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":473.277,"endTime":475.127,"body":"\"But it was only a month and a half ago"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":475.127,"endTime":478.677,"body":"\"that we were offering this"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":475.127,"endTime":478.677,"body":"hateful enemy our military help."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":478.677,"endTime":480.237,"body":"\"Such is politics."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":480.237,"endTime":482.287,"body":"\"Thankfully people have short memories"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":482.287,"endTime":484.097,"body":"\"and such word-spinning does not lodge"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":484.097,"endTime":486.27,"body":"\"in their conscious minds.\""},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":486.27,"endTime":488.06,"body":"So he's being sarcastic,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":488.06,"endTime":491.313,"body":"and I'm sure we're all familiar"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":488.06,"endTime":491.313,"body":"with this short memory."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":492.84,"endTime":495.64,"body":"So people suddenly had to rethink all this"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":495.64,"endTime":498.983,"body":"and find justification in"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":495.64,"endTime":498.983,"body":"being friends with Hitler."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":500.99,"endTime":503.97,"body":"Some of the them did,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":500.99,"endTime":503.97,"body":"some of them didn't do,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":503.97,"endTime":507.59,"body":"but it was much easier to"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":503.97,"endTime":507.59,"body":"do it because, remember,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":507.59,"endTime":510.01,"body":"in those days, there wasn't even internet,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":510.01,"endTime":512.97,"body":"there wasn't any alternative"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":510.01,"endTime":512.97,"body":"source of information."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":512.97,"endTime":516.63,"body":"So they just had to, you"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":512.97,"endTime":516.63,"body":"know, there were only rumors"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":516.63,"endTime":519.283,"body":"and newspapers, nothing else."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":526.72,"endTime":529.603,"body":"As our friendship with Hitler developed,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":530.78,"endTime":534.76,"body":"various things were done in culture"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":534.76,"endTime":538.09,"body":"to promote something that Hitler liked,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":538.09,"endTime":539.353,"body":"for example, Wagner."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":540.61,"endTime":544.227,"body":"Here's another excerpt"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":540.61,"endTime":544.227,"body":"of the same diarist:"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":544.227,"endTime":547.817,"body":"\"We listened to a radio broadcast"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":544.227,"endTime":547.817,"body":"'Die Walkure' for Germany,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":547.817,"endTime":549.697,"body":"\"with singers from the Bolshoi."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":549.697,"endTime":552.687,"body":"\"It was prefaced with a"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":549.697,"endTime":552.687,"body":"speech by Sergei Eisenstein,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":552.687,"endTime":554.827,"body":"\"who delivered it in German."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":554.827,"endTime":556.577,"body":"\"He will be producing 'Die Walkure'"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":556.577,"endTime":558.26,"body":"\"at the Bolshoi next season.\""},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":558.26,"endTime":562.383,"body":"You can see a picture of him"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":558.26,"endTime":562.383,"body":"dealing with the Walkures."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":563.587,"endTime":565.757,"body":"\"It is known to be"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":563.587,"endTime":565.757,"body":"Hitler's favorite opera,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":565.757,"endTime":568.477,"body":"\"so this is a kind of political courtesy."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":568.477,"endTime":571.341,"body":"\"In Berlin, they staged Ivan Susanin,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":571.341,"endTime":573.26,"body":"\"and published, 'Quiet Flows the Don'.\""},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":574.75,"endTime":579.35,"body":"So all these things were seen"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":574.75,"endTime":579.35,"body":"as shocking to start with,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":579.35,"endTime":581.293,"body":"but then people got used to the idea."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":582.754,"endTime":587.754,"body":"And in a strange way because the attention"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":588.297,"endTime":591.093,"body":"of the government was so much"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":588.297,"endTime":591.093,"body":"on international affairs,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":592.69,"endTime":596.28,"body":"the domestic situation got"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":592.69,"endTime":596.28,"body":"a little bit more relaxed."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":596.28,"endTime":601.05,"body":"In fact, culture didn't"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":596.28,"endTime":601.05,"body":"have the same restrictions"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":601.05,"endTime":604.037,"body":"as it would have had in 1936 or 1937."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":607.89,"endTime":612.89,"body":"For example, Shostakovich's"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":607.89,"endTime":612.89,"body":"\"Sixth Symphony\""},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":614.32,"endTime":617.4,"body":"got a mixed reception,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":614.32,"endTime":617.4,"body":"but the castigation,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":617.4,"endTime":620.16,"body":"the criticism of it was nothing like"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":620.16,"endTime":622.403,"body":"what he experienced in 1936."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":624.53,"endTime":626.54,"body":"There was Prokofiev's opera \"Semyon Kotko\""},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":626.54,"endTime":629.76,"body":"which was a very complex,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":626.54,"endTime":629.76,"body":"sophisticated piece,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":629.76,"endTime":633.6,"body":"and next to that, there was"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":629.76,"endTime":633.6,"body":"a work by Tikhon Khrennikov,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":633.6,"endTime":635.92,"body":"which is called, \"Into the Storm\"."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":635.92,"endTime":638.81,"body":"There was a debate of"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":635.92,"endTime":638.81,"body":"which one was better,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":638.81,"endTime":642.76,"body":"which was not so good,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":638.81,"endTime":642.76,"body":"and it actually turns out"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":642.76,"endTime":644.72,"body":"that the professional community"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":644.72,"endTime":647.41,"body":"favored Prokofiev over Khrennikov."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":647.41,"endTime":649.96,"body":"So it's exactly the opposite to what would"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":649.96,"endTime":651.95,"body":"have happened in 1936."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":651.95,"endTime":655.26,"body":"So generally, for"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":651.95,"endTime":655.26,"body":"culture, the climate was,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":655.26,"endTime":657.73,"body":"seemed to be more liberal,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":657.73,"endTime":660.57,"body":"even though, of course, the"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":657.73,"endTime":660.57,"body":"same opera had to be censored,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":660.57,"endTime":664.49,"body":"the German invaders they had"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":660.57,"endTime":664.49,"body":"to be replaced by Austrians"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":664.49,"endTime":666.04,"body":"for it even to reach the stage."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":667.31,"endTime":669.49,"body":"And Eisenstein's film, \"Alexander Nevsky\""},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":669.49,"endTime":672.8,"body":"also was shelved because"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":669.49,"endTime":672.8,"body":"there were these medieval"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":672.8,"endTime":675.253,"body":"Teutonic Knights invading Russia there."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":678.5,"endTime":681.03,"body":"Of course, another thing"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":678.5,"endTime":681.03,"body":"that was happening,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":681.03,"endTime":686.03,"body":"that Stalin continued to"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":681.03,"endTime":686.03,"body":"give a lot of carrots out,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":687.13,"endTime":692.13,"body":"so not just sticks, but carrots"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":687.13,"endTime":692.13,"body":"to the workers of culture,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":692.21,"endTime":693.58,"body":"so to speak."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":693.58,"endTime":696.773,"body":"And they received orders"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":693.58,"endTime":696.773,"body":"and honorary titles,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":698.176,"endTime":700.45,"body":"and there was a new"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":698.176,"endTime":700.45,"body":"thing now which is called"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":700.45,"endTime":704.82,"body":"the Stalin Prize introduced in 1940."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":704.82,"endTime":708.6,"body":"The first of them were"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":704.82,"endTime":708.6,"body":"awarded just before the war,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":708.6,"endTime":712.44,"body":"and that was a fantastical"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":708.6,"endTime":712.44,"body":"amount of money to receive"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":712.44,"endTime":714.6,"body":"for a 1st Class winner."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":714.6,"endTime":718.59,"body":"It was 100,000 rubles, and the"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":714.6,"endTime":718.59,"body":"rubles were a bit weightier"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":718.59,"endTime":722.89,"body":"than they are now, and"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":718.59,"endTime":722.89,"body":"you could buy something"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":722.89,"endTime":725.333,"body":"like six automobiles with it."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":726.32,"endTime":729.1,"body":"So you can imagine for an ordinary worker,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":729.1,"endTime":732.023,"body":"it's an unthinkable,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":729.1,"endTime":732.023,"body":"unimaginable amount of money."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":733.47,"endTime":738.47,"body":"And these prizes were"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":733.47,"endTime":738.47,"body":"given not just to people"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":738.49,"endTime":741.823,"body":"as a lifetime achievement,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":738.49,"endTime":741.823,"body":"but for particular pieces."},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":744.065,"endTime":746.45,"body":"And amazingly, when you look at music,"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":746.45,"endTime":749.06,"body":"you can see that it"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":746.45,"endTime":749.06,"body":"wasn't the Stalin cantatas"},{"speaker":"exactly four week ago","startTime":749.06,"endTime":751.69,"body":"that won the first class prize,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":754.88,"endTime":757.19,"body":"the \"Piano Quintet\" by Shostakovich."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":757.19,"endTime":758.74,"body":"It's a chamber work."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":758.74,"endTime":762.403,"body":"It's a very sophisticated work, again."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":763.36,"endTime":765.307,"body":"Myaskovsky, \"Symphony No. 1\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":766.37,"endTime":768.848,"body":"nothing particularly grand about it,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":768.848,"endTime":769.7,"body":"it's a very lyrical symphony,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":769.7,"endTime":771.973,"body":"it even has a quiet ending."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":773.64,"endTime":776.48,"body":"I suppose, you know, the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":773.64,"endTime":776.48,"body":"oratory \"On the Kulikovo Field\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":776.48,"endTime":780.11,"body":"but still even that is a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":776.48,"endTime":780.11,"body":"kind of big national oratory"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":780.11,"endTime":784.57,"body":"arousing, glorifying Russian victory"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":785.89,"endTime":790.89,"body":"in the 14th century,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":785.89,"endTime":790.89,"body":"but not on Soviet topic."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":791.376,"endTime":792.76,"body":"So why is this happening?"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":792.76,"endTime":796.31,"body":"Because at that point, the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":792.76,"endTime":796.31,"body":"Stalin Prize Committee,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":796.31,"endTime":798.193,"body":"which consisted of professionals,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":799.18,"endTime":801.51,"body":"was not overseen by Molotov."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":801.51,"endTime":805.47,"body":"Molotov was flying to"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":801.51,"endTime":805.47,"body":"Berlin and he had no time"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":805.47,"endTime":806.85,"body":"for the Stalin Prize Committee."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":806.85,"endTime":810.283,"body":"So this is how this happened."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":812.847,"endTime":817.847,"body":"But we can't imagine that at"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":812.847,"endTime":817.847,"body":"time people, culture workers,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":818.3,"endTime":821.188,"body":"composers were entirely free."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":821.188,"endTime":822.49,"body":"And one interesting"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":825.23,"endTime":828.111,"body":"piece that I would like to introduce here"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":828.111,"endTime":830.7,"body":"is Shostakovich's,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":828.111,"endTime":830.7,"body":"\"Suite On Finnish Themes\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":830.7,"endTime":834.04,"body":"Now this is another forgotten"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":830.7,"endTime":834.04,"body":"war, or at least, you know,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":834.04,"endTime":837.34,"body":"the war that Russians"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":834.04,"endTime":837.34,"body":"would like to forget:"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":837.34,"endTime":841.93,"body":"it's the Finish War, the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":837.34,"endTime":841.93,"body":"Winter War, which in many ways,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":841.93,"endTime":845.913,"body":"very much reminds me of"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":841.93,"endTime":845.913,"body":"what is happening now."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":847.306,"endTime":850.25,"body":"So Russians were hoping for a blitzkrieg,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":850.25,"endTime":853.483,"body":"they thought it would be"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":850.25,"endTime":853.483,"body":"over by Stalin's birthday,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":854.32,"endTime":857.46,"body":"so within three weeks,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":854.32,"endTime":857.46,"body":"but they got stuck there."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":857.46,"endTime":862.043,"body":"And amazingly, whereas Soviet"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":857.46,"endTime":862.043,"body":"Union where in Finland,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":863.36,"endTime":864.243,"body":"they lost it."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":866.35,"endTime":867.303,"body":"They lost it."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":868.41,"endTime":870.68,"body":"I mean, they still got a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":868.41,"endTime":870.68,"body":"little bit of territory"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":870.68,"endTime":874.77,"body":"out of that, but it was a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":870.68,"endTime":874.77,"body":"kind of shameful episode"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":874.77,"endTime":878.813,"body":"that they preferred not to remember."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":880.23,"endTime":883.79,"body":"And the regime change that"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":880.23,"endTime":883.79,"body":"they wanted to institute there"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":883.79,"endTime":888.07,"body":"to replace the government with"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":883.79,"endTime":888.07,"body":"a kind of social democratic"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":888.07,"endTime":891.143,"body":"or pro-communist government"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":888.07,"endTime":891.143,"body":"also did not happen."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":892.57,"endTime":895.393,"body":"So Shostakovich was given a commission,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":897.0,"endTime":899.72,"body":"which he obviously could not refuse."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":899.72,"endTime":903.79,"body":"The commission was for"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":899.72,"endTime":903.79,"body":"arrangements of Finish folk songs,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":903.79,"endTime":907.94,"body":"and it was given to him at the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":903.79,"endTime":907.94,"body":"very end of November of 1939."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":910.47,"endTime":914.043,"body":"Am I right? Or 40, yeah 1940."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":917.16,"endTime":920.4,"body":"No. Yeah."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":920.4,"endTime":922.46,"body":"I've got confused."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":922.46,"endTime":927.46,"body":"But at that moment, just"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":922.46,"endTime":927.46,"body":"before the invasion started."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":929.7,"endTime":933.95,"body":"And Shostakovich"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":929.7,"endTime":933.95,"body":"obviously could not say no"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":933.95,"endTime":936.82,"body":"because the commission"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":933.95,"endTime":936.82,"body":"was from the political"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":937.89,"endTime":942.323,"body":"department of the Leningrad"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":937.89,"endTime":942.323,"body":"Military District."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":943.829,"endTime":945.979,"body":"So it's basically was"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":943.829,"endTime":945.979,"body":"a military commission"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":947.054,"endTime":948.67,"body":"and, I think, you can imagine"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":948.67,"endTime":950.823,"body":"that it was very difficult to say no."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":952.05,"endTime":955.18,"body":"Would he have even imagined what purpose"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":955.18,"endTime":958.36,"body":"these songs would serve?"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":958.36,"endTime":959.9,"body":"We don't know very much about this."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":959.9,"endTime":963.18,"body":"We only know that they"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":959.9,"endTime":963.18,"body":"were probably intended"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":963.18,"endTime":966.82,"body":"for a celebration, for a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":963.18,"endTime":966.82,"body":"celebration of victory."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":966.82,"endTime":968.524,"body":"And when you hear them,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":968.524,"endTime":970.703,"body":"they're completely"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":968.524,"endTime":970.703,"body":"innocuous and rather lovely."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":974.694,"endTime":979.111,"body":"(singing opera in foreign language)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":988.947,"endTime":993.28,"body":"(singing opera in foreign language)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":995.398,"endTime":999.731,"body":"(singing opera in foreign language)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1002.64,"endTime":1004.43,"body":"- So, an innocuous piece."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1004.43,"endTime":1005.88,"body":"What happened to it afterwards?"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1005.88,"endTime":1009.563,"body":"Shostakovich completely"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1005.88,"endTime":1009.563,"body":"buried it in his papers."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1010.46,"endTime":1012.61,"body":"So obviously he was so"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1010.46,"endTime":1012.61,"body":"ashamed of this piece"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1012.61,"endTime":1015.977,"body":"he never it to put his name"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1012.61,"endTime":1015.977,"body":"to it and to promote it."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1015.977,"endTime":1020.21,"body":"It was only discovered after"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1015.977,"endTime":1020.21,"body":"his death and performed."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1020.21,"endTime":1024.78,"body":"And actually, you know, because"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1020.21,"endTime":1024.78,"body":"of the time that had passed"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1026.06,"endTime":1030.43,"body":"since the war it's been"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1026.06,"endTime":1030.43,"body":"performed in Finland,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1030.43,"endTime":1034.84,"body":"it seems to be, I mean, again,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1030.43,"endTime":1034.84,"body":"ironically it was performed,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1034.84,"endTime":1037.133,"body":"I think, for Putin's visit to Finland."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1038.47,"endTime":1040.11,"body":"So there's lots of ironies"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1040.11,"endTime":1044.093,"body":"and an innocuous piece, but"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1040.11,"endTime":1044.093,"body":"with a dark lining to it."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1049.682,"endTime":1054.103,"body":"So let's now fast forward"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1049.682,"endTime":1054.103,"body":"to 22nd June, 1941"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1055.59,"endTime":1060.113,"body":"when the Nazis invaded the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1055.59,"endTime":1060.113,"body":"territory of the Soviet Union."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1061.73,"endTime":1065.437,"body":"I like this quote from"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1061.73,"endTime":1065.437,"body":"Pasternak's novel, \"Dr. Zhivago\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1066.33,"endTime":1071.203,"body":"even though it seems to be"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1066.33,"endTime":1071.203,"body":"sort of counterintuitive."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1072.835,"endTime":1074.767,"body":"\"And when the war broke"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1072.835,"endTime":1074.767,"body":"out, its real horrors,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1074.767,"endTime":1077.607,"body":"\"its real dangers, its"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1074.767,"endTime":1077.607,"body":"menace of real death,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1077.607,"endTime":1082.607,"body":"\"were a blessing compared to"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1077.607,"endTime":1082.607,"body":"the inhuman power of the lie,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1083.407,"endTime":1087.047,"body":"\"a relief because it broke"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1083.407,"endTime":1087.047,"body":"a spell of the dead letter.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1089.61,"endTime":1091.013,"body":"When the war broke out,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1091.87,"endTime":1095.43,"body":"people knew what was"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1091.87,"endTime":1095.43,"body":"true and what was false."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1095.43,"endTime":1098.33,"body":"They knew which side they were on."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1098.33,"endTime":1101.82,"body":"And it saved some of, you know,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1101.82,"endTime":1104.88,"body":"those who had been arrested"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1101.82,"endTime":1104.88,"body":"already before the war"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1104.88,"endTime":1109.27,"body":"and completely lost"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1104.88,"endTime":1109.27,"body":"faith in the whole system"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1109.27,"endTime":1110.67,"body":"and in the regime."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1110.67,"endTime":1113.15,"body":"It was very difficult for"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1110.67,"endTime":1113.15,"body":"them to live after that"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1113.15,"endTime":1115.27,"body":"because they were basically understanding"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1115.27,"endTime":1116.42,"body":"that they were living a lie."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1116.42,"endTime":1119.143,"body":"And then suddenly this was lifted."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1121.75,"endTime":1124.48,"body":"And you can certainly see"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1121.75,"endTime":1124.48,"body":"this in people's diaries,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1124.48,"endTime":1128.6,"body":"people were actually energized"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1124.48,"endTime":1128.6,"body":"by this new authenticity,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1128.6,"endTime":1131.703,"body":"authenticity of emotion, of"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1128.6,"endTime":1131.703,"body":"expression that they found."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1137.13,"endTime":1140.46,"body":"Of course, Shostakovich's \"Symphony No. 7\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1140.46,"endTime":1144.363,"body":"became very early a symbol of the war."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1146.56,"endTime":1149.74,"body":"And various things that it introduced"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1153.464,"endTime":1156.05,"body":"show us the new license of war."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1156.05,"endTime":1156.94,"body":"What does this mean?"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1156.94,"endTime":1159.993,"body":"What do I mean by this term?"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1161.07,"endTime":1163.36,"body":"I mean that more things were permitted,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1163.36,"endTime":1166.18,"body":"more musical idioms were permitted now"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1166.18,"endTime":1170.19,"body":"within socialist realism, if"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1166.18,"endTime":1170.19,"body":"they represented the enemy,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1170.19,"endTime":1173.94,"body":"or if they represented the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1170.19,"endTime":1173.94,"body":"suffering of the Russians"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1173.94,"endTime":1174.913,"body":"under the enemy."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1175.83,"endTime":1180.69,"body":"So you could write a tragic"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1175.83,"endTime":1180.69,"body":"piece and be justified."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1180.69,"endTime":1183.81,"body":"You could write a piece"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1180.69,"endTime":1183.81,"body":"which had this very high"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1183.81,"endTime":1186.53,"body":"emotional temperature,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1183.81,"endTime":1186.53,"body":"to be expressionist,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1186.53,"endTime":1190.67,"body":"to portray horrors, and"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1186.53,"endTime":1190.67,"body":"that would be justified."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1190.67,"endTime":1193.96,"body":"You could use the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1190.67,"endTime":1193.96,"body":"so-called grotesque style,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1193.96,"endTime":1197.67,"body":"the kind of mocking style"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1193.96,"endTime":1197.67,"body":"that was always frowned upon"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1197.67,"endTime":1199.01,"body":"within socialist realism,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1199.01,"endTime":1200.897,"body":"because, \"What are you being ironic about?"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1200.897,"endTime":1202.8,"body":"\"What are you mocking?\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1202.8,"endTime":1204.83,"body":"Well, here you could mock the enemy."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1204.83,"endTime":1209.053,"body":"So that also now became acceptable."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1210.22,"endTime":1212.41,"body":"And ,of course, the very famous moment"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1213.751,"endTime":1217.15,"body":"in Shostakovich's \"Seventh"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1213.751,"endTime":1217.15,"body":"Symphony\" is the moment,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1217.15,"endTime":1218.803,"body":"the beginning of the invasion."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1220.05,"endTime":1225.05,"body":"And how we suddenly change from"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1220.05,"endTime":1225.05,"body":"peaceful sounds to the sound"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1227.01,"endTime":1231.453,"body":"of a side drum; very,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1227.01,"endTime":1231.453,"body":"very quiet, very far away."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1233.72,"endTime":1238.34,"body":"And then you hear a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1233.72,"endTime":1238.34,"body":"little tune, a banal tune,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1238.34,"endTime":1242.51,"body":"a tune that might refer"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1238.34,"endTime":1242.51,"body":"to one of the numbers"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1242.51,"endTime":1244.58,"body":"in an operetta that Hitler,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1244.58,"endTime":1249.44,"body":"particularly liked \"The Merry"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1244.58,"endTime":1249.44,"body":"Widow\", but it's an easy,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1249.44,"endTime":1253.99,"body":"easygoing, lighthearted tune,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1249.44,"endTime":1253.99,"body":"which has a sinister meaning."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1253.99,"endTime":1255.75,"body":"And then it grows and grows,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1255.75,"endTime":1258.35,"body":"it approaches you, it"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1255.75,"endTime":1258.35,"body":"gets closer and closer,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1258.35,"endTime":1262.86,"body":"it becomes deafening in"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1258.35,"endTime":1262.86,"body":"the sound of the orchestra."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1262.86,"endTime":1264.74,"body":"So it becomes the music of the war."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1264.74,"endTime":1267.76,"body":"So it's a kind of grotesque"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1264.74,"endTime":1267.76,"body":"portrayal of the war,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1267.76,"endTime":1269.61,"body":"or portraying it through a banal tune."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1269.61,"endTime":1274.322,"body":"It was something that nobody"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1269.61,"endTime":1274.322,"body":"quite had done before that,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1274.322,"endTime":1277.2,"body":"so it was a very powerful"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1274.322,"endTime":1277.2,"body":"and new thing to do."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1277.2,"endTime":1278.76,"body":"So I want you to hear that,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1278.76,"endTime":1282.84,"body":"just that moment when you hear"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1278.76,"endTime":1282.84,"body":"that the lovely violin solo,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1282.84,"endTime":1284.44,"body":"the end of the peaceful life,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1284.44,"endTime":1287.14,"body":"and then the beginning of the war."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1288.748,"endTime":1292.915,"body":"(Shostakovich's \"Symphony No. 7\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1315.425,"endTime":1319.592,"body":"(Shostakovich's \"Symphony No. 7\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1325.095,"endTime":1329.262,"body":"(Shostakovich's \"Symphony No. 7\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1348.49,"endTime":1352.93,"body":"I wanted to show you where I"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1348.49,"endTime":1352.93,"body":"think this idea comes from."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1352.93,"endTime":1354.62,"body":"I think it's a very cinematic idea,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1354.62,"endTime":1358.119,"body":"and I think it comes from"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1354.62,"endTime":1358.119,"body":"the film called \"Chapaev\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1358.119,"endTime":1359.719,"body":"it's a film about the Civil War,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1361.189,"endTime":1363.35,"body":"which comes from 1934"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1361.189,"endTime":1363.35,"body":"and every single citizen"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1363.35,"endTime":1365.74,"body":"of the Soviet Union"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1363.35,"endTime":1365.74,"body":"would've watched that film."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1365.74,"endTime":1369.373,"body":"It was basically the most"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1365.74,"endTime":1369.373,"body":"popular film at the time."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1370.39,"endTime":1372.94,"body":"So if you listen to the soundtrack,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1372.94,"endTime":1374.51,"body":"you will hear the birds singing"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1374.51,"endTime":1376.123,"body":"and then you'll hear the drum."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1378.638,"endTime":1383.471,"body":"(\"Chapaev\" soundtrack instrumental music)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1391.549,"endTime":1394.049,"body":"(guns firing)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1400.009,"endTime":1404.078,"body":"(\"Chapaev\" soundtrack instrumental music)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1404.078,"endTime":1407.995,"body":"(speaking in foreign language)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1410.49,"endTime":1415.323,"body":"(\"Chapaev\" soundtrack instrumental music)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1417.06,"endTime":1419.56,"body":"(guns firing)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1420.806,"endTime":1425.639,"body":"(\"Chapaev\" soundtrack instrumental music)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1439.479,"endTime":1443.92,"body":"- So this idea of this"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1439.479,"endTime":1443.92,"body":"really cinematic idea,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1443.92,"endTime":1447.463,"body":"which I think Shostakovich"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1443.92,"endTime":1447.463,"body":"makes into a musical idea."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1449.34,"endTime":1451.47,"body":"I'm not going to tell you the whole story"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1451.47,"endTime":1454.274,"body":"of the \"Seventh Symphony\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1451.47,"endTime":1454.274,"body":"which is very well known."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1454.274,"endTime":1456.62,"body":"And how it was used as a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1454.274,"endTime":1456.62,"body":"weapon in the war, and then,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1456.62,"endTime":1459.3,"body":"you know, picked up by the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1456.62,"endTime":1459.3,"body":"Allies, flown to America,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1459.3,"endTime":1461.863,"body":"and so on you, you probably know all that."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1463.16,"endTime":1467.28,"body":"I wanted to show you how"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1463.16,"endTime":1467.28,"body":"this symphony influenced"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1467.28,"endTime":1470.33,"body":"the rest of the Soviet music productions."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1470.33,"endTime":1472.77,"body":"Everyone started producing war symphonies,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1472.77,"endTime":1474.913,"body":"it really became the dominant genre."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1476.901,"endTime":1477.84,"body":"Or on the other hand,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1477.84,"endTime":1481.55,"body":"we can say almost every work"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1477.84,"endTime":1481.55,"body":"that was produced at this time"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1481.55,"endTime":1484.87,"body":"would have received a kind of explanation,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1484.87,"endTime":1487.11,"body":"a war program, even if the program"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1487.11,"endTime":1489.82,"body":"was not written in anywhere."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1489.82,"endTime":1492.54,"body":"So any work written during the war"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1492.54,"endTime":1496.07,"body":"was automatically received and explained"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1496.07,"endTime":1497.853,"body":"in terms of a war program."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1498.77,"endTime":1502.0,"body":"And composers who were"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1498.77,"endTime":1502.0,"body":"creating these symphonies"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1503.13,"endTime":1506.11,"body":"did that in their own ways."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1506.11,"endTime":1507.86,"body":"For example, you know, Khachaturian,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1507.86,"endTime":1509.41,"body":"we talked about him,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1509.41,"endTime":1513.07,"body":"he had this very vivid national style,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1513.07,"endTime":1516.03,"body":"oriental style, I guess."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1516.03,"endTime":1521.03,"body":"And he repurposed this style"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1516.03,"endTime":1521.03,"body":"to create a tragic symphony,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1521.94,"endTime":1525.37,"body":"to create tragic music"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1521.94,"endTime":1525.37,"body":"of idioms that were,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1525.37,"endTime":1528.03,"body":"had been previously used"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1525.37,"endTime":1528.03,"body":"is only for, kind of,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1528.03,"endTime":1531.19,"body":"entertainment, dance, enjoyment,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1531.19,"endTime":1535.113,"body":"but this was the normal kind"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1531.19,"endTime":1535.113,"body":"of application of that style."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1536.29,"endTime":1538.34,"body":"And now it sounds all"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1536.29,"endTime":1538.34,"body":"completely different."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1538.34,"endTime":1541.73,"body":"So I will play you a little"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1538.34,"endTime":1541.73,"body":"episode where you hear"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1541.73,"endTime":1545.94,"body":"the very sort of typical"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1541.73,"endTime":1545.94,"body":"percussion patterns"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1545.94,"endTime":1548.503,"body":"from Transcaucasian region,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1549.484,"endTime":1552.17,"body":"which would normally be used for dance."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1552.17,"endTime":1555.118,"body":"But here they are completely rethought of,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1555.118,"endTime":1560.11,"body":"rethought, repurposed to"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1555.118,"endTime":1560.11,"body":"represent tragedy unfolding,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1560.11,"endTime":1561.883,"body":"tragedy and crisis."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1562.875,"endTime":1567.375,"body":"(Aram Khachaturian, \"Symphony No. 2\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1595.667,"endTime":1600.167,"body":"(Aram Khachaturian, \"Symphony No. 2\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1621.07,"endTime":1625.87,"body":"Prokofiev on the other hand,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1621.07,"endTime":1625.87,"body":"he also created a symphony,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1625.87,"endTime":1628.94,"body":"which was read in the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1625.87,"endTime":1628.94,"body":"context of the war program,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1628.94,"endTime":1632.04,"body":"war narrative, which is \"Number Five\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1632.04,"endTime":1636.23,"body":"and he in the scherzo reused the material"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1636.23,"endTime":1640.86,"body":"that was supposed to go into"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1636.23,"endTime":1640.86,"body":"his \"Romeo and Juliet\" ballet,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1640.86,"endTime":1642.05,"body":"but wasn't needed there."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1642.05,"endTime":1646.72,"body":"So he actually reused it"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1642.05,"endTime":1646.72,"body":"and elaborated in such a way"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1646.72,"endTime":1650.14,"body":"that it's turned out to"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1646.72,"endTime":1650.14,"body":"be even more sinister"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1650.14,"endTime":1652.82,"body":"than some of Shostakovich's scherzo."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1652.82,"endTime":1654.88,"body":"So here is this very famous moment"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1655.722,"endTime":1657.917,"body":"where writing is for the brass"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1657.917,"endTime":1660.12,"body":"is, sort of, incredible,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1657.917,"endTime":1660.12,"body":"it's like a huge machine"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1660.12,"endTime":1661.62,"body":"that's starting out,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1661.62,"endTime":1665.433,"body":"and, again, advancing you,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1661.62,"endTime":1665.433,"body":"advancing towards you."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1667.139,"endTime":1670.972,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Symphony No. 5\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1709.212,"endTime":1713.045,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Symphony No. 5\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1740.287,"endTime":1744.12,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Symphony No. 5\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1751.64,"endTime":1756.56,"body":"And every slow movement in such a symphony"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1756.56,"endTime":1758.97,"body":"would be read as a requiem."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1758.97,"endTime":1762.05,"body":"And, again, would usually have"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1758.97,"endTime":1762.05,"body":"this huge climax and, again,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1762.05,"endTime":1766.06,"body":"in \"Symphony No. 5\", it's"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1762.05,"endTime":1766.06,"body":"particularly pronounced."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1766.06,"endTime":1769.1,"body":"So the lyrical melody that comes after"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1769.1,"endTime":1772.413,"body":"seems to be kind of"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1769.1,"endTime":1772.413,"body":"damaged deflected by that."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1773.464,"endTime":1777.297,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Symphony No. 5\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1805.905,"endTime":1809.738,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Symphony No. 5\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1830.348,"endTime":1834.181,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Symphony No. 5\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1860.43,"endTime":1864.263,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Symphony No. 5\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1871.267,"endTime":1875.47,"body":"But the main war symphony,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1871.267,"endTime":1875.47,"body":"and I would claim that this is"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1875.47,"endTime":1878.27,"body":"even more important"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1875.47,"endTime":1878.27,"body":"possibly than the \"Seventh\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1878.27,"endTime":1882.41,"body":"is Shostakovich's \"Eight"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1878.27,"endTime":1882.41,"body":"Symphony\", because this is really"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1882.41,"endTime":1887.41,"body":"as far as the license of war would go,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1887.55,"endTime":1889.343,"body":"this is where it hits the limit."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1890.21,"endTime":1894.09,"body":"Because there was a huge"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1890.21,"endTime":1894.09,"body":"debate around this symphony,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1894.09,"endTime":1896.747,"body":"if you listen to it you will probably say,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1896.747,"endTime":1899.227,"body":"\"Well, this is not a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1896.747,"endTime":1899.227,"body":"symphony that you feel"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1899.227,"endTime":1901.647,"body":"\"has been restricted by any censorship."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1901.647,"endTime":1905.17,"body":"\"It really feels completely"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1901.647,"endTime":1905.17,"body":"authentic to me.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1905.17,"endTime":1907.77,"body":"And the fact that Shostakovich wrote it"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1907.77,"endTime":1911.22,"body":"in the middle of the war"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1907.77,"endTime":1911.22,"body":"is, of course, amazing,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1911.22,"endTime":1913.3,"body":"and showed what was possible."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1913.3,"endTime":1915.9,"body":"But once it was written,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1913.3,"endTime":1915.9,"body":"then the debate started."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1915.9,"endTime":1918.19,"body":"Because, of course, it was nominated also"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1918.19,"endTime":1921.07,"body":"for a Stalin Prize, and"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1918.19,"endTime":1921.07,"body":"they debated over it"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1921.07,"endTime":1923.47,"body":"for two whole years,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1923.47,"endTime":1926.1,"body":"because actually the first"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1923.47,"endTime":1926.1,"body":"time the prize wasn't awarded"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1926.1,"endTime":1929.63,"body":"and then it was transferred"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1926.1,"endTime":1929.63,"body":"to the next year as well."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1929.63,"endTime":1932.68,"body":"And here are some of the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1929.63,"endTime":1932.68,"body":"things that was said."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1932.68,"endTime":1935.027,"body":"So this is Alexander"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1932.68,"endTime":1935.027,"body":"Goldenweiser who says,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1935.027,"endTime":1937.527,"body":"\"There are no purely"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1935.027,"endTime":1937.527,"body":"musical faults in this work."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1937.527,"endTime":1939.767,"body":"\"But there're ideological shortcomings,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1939.767,"endTime":1942.487,"body":"\"and this work is extremely pessimistic.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1943.482,"endTime":1945.217,"body":"So, again, it \"gives the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1943.482,"endTime":1945.217,"body":"impression that it portrays,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1945.217,"endTime":1947.627,"body":"\"with huge power, all"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1945.217,"endTime":1947.627,"body":"the darkness and pain"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1947.627,"endTime":1951.637,"body":"\"that undoubtedly have a"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1947.627,"endTime":1951.637,"body":"place in our experiences."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1951.637,"endTime":1955.147,"body":"\"But we want to have something"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1951.637,"endTime":1955.147,"body":"that rises above it.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1956.98,"endTime":1961.77,"body":"Sculptor Vera Mukhina"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1956.98,"endTime":1961.77,"body":"complained that the symphony"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1961.77,"endTime":1963.063,"body":"was too difficult to listen to,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1963.063,"endTime":1964.327,"body":"that you might even think,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1964.327,"endTime":1966.367,"body":"\"Well, when is it going to end?\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1967.46,"endTime":1972.46,"body":"And was frustrated by"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1967.46,"endTime":1972.46,"body":"\"fearsome complexity,\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1973.01,"endTime":1974.84,"body":"as she said that she couldn't take it home"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1974.84,"endTime":1976.093,"body":"and her memory with it."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1976.98,"endTime":1980.86,"body":"And yet she selected two movements,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1980.86,"endTime":1982.39,"body":"she calls them \"the two marches.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1982.39,"endTime":1983.84,"body":"This is movements two and three,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1983.84,"endTime":1986.88,"body":"which she thought were quite"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1983.84,"endTime":1986.88,"body":"exceptional and very direct"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1986.88,"endTime":1988.77,"body":"in the power of expression."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1988.77,"endTime":1990.3,"body":"Well, this is what she means."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1990.3,"endTime":1991.84,"body":"This is one of these marches."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1991.84,"endTime":1992.673,"body":"It's not quite a march,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":1992.673,"endTime":1995.113,"body":"it's a kind of fierce staccato."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2002.566,"endTime":2006.649,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Symphony No. 8\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2035.796,"endTime":2039.879,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Symphony No. 8\")"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2050.03,"endTime":2052.2,"body":"So you can probably imagine"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2050.03,"endTime":2052.2,"body":"that people actually heard"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2052.2,"endTime":2054.29,"body":"the sounds of war itself,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2054.29,"endTime":2057.38,"body":"the actual soundscape"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2054.29,"endTime":2057.38,"body":"of war in these scores,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2057.38,"endTime":2060.453,"body":"both in Prokofiev and in Shostakovich."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2062.46,"endTime":2065.373,"body":"And the end, which perplexed everyone,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2067.097,"endTime":2067.93,"body":"while in the \"Seventh Symphony\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2067.93,"endTime":2071.22,"body":"Shostakovich really tried"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2067.93,"endTime":2071.22,"body":"to imagine the victory,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2071.22,"endTime":2074.023,"body":"so it's a grand, grand"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2071.22,"endTime":2074.023,"body":"peroration at the end."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2074.95,"endTime":2077.14,"body":"At the end of the \"Eighth Symphony\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2077.14,"endTime":2081.357,"body":"although it's in C major,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2077.14,"endTime":2081.357,"body":"the end is very quiet.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2083.801,"endTime":2087.801,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Symphony No. 8)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2123.953,"endTime":2127.953,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Symphony No. 8)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2151.026,"endTime":2155.026,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Symphony No. 8)"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2161.74,"endTime":2164.09,"body":"So imagine you've been sitting for an hour"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2164.09,"endTime":2165.76,"body":"listening to this very complex symphony,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2165.76,"endTime":2168.275,"body":"and this is what you're rewarded by,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2168.275,"endTime":2169.56,"body":"there's a few notes in the pizzicato,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2169.56,"endTime":2171.55,"body":"so that's quite disappointing I guess."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2171.55,"endTime":2173.41,"body":"So they were taking issues with that."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2173.41,"endTime":2176.87,"body":"So finally, when the Minister"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2173.41,"endTime":2176.87,"body":"Khrapchenko speaks about"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2176.87,"endTime":2179.27,"body":"the work, he says that the problem is"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2179.27,"endTime":2180.567,"body":"that \"it's not really accessible"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2180.567,"endTime":2184.08,"body":"\"to ordinary cultured"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2180.567,"endTime":2184.08,"body":"listeners,\" you know."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2184.08,"endTime":2187.87,"body":"Secondly it's too"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2184.08,"endTime":2187.87,"body":"\"individualistic,\" too individual."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2187.87,"endTime":2191.63,"body":"And thirdly, it's \"too pessimistic.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2191.63,"endTime":2193.627,"body":"And then he starts, you know,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2195.94,"endTime":2198.36,"body":"relating this to what"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2195.94,"endTime":2198.36,"body":"Shostakovich had done before,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2198.36,"endTime":2199.71,"body":"and, of course, you know that Shostakovich"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2199.71,"endTime":2201.59,"body":"had been denounced for formalism."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2201.59,"endTime":2204.59,"body":"So he says, \"He's revisiting the past.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2204.59,"endTime":2207.3,"body":"And when Khrapchenko his"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2204.59,"endTime":2207.3,"body":"writing to Stalin and Molotov"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2207.3,"endTime":2209.57,"body":"about this piece, he says,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2209.57,"endTime":2213.053,"body":"already puts it in much"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2209.57,"endTime":2213.053,"body":"more harsher language,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2214.59,"endTime":2218.347,"body":"that \"Shostakovich repeats"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2214.59,"endTime":2218.347,"body":"here the same formalist errors"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2218.347,"endTime":2221.51,"body":"\"that had typified some"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2218.347,"endTime":2221.51,"body":"of his earlier works.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2221.51,"endTime":2226.26,"body":"So the symphony was supposed"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2221.51,"endTime":2226.26,"body":"to get the second class prize,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2226.26,"endTime":2231.26,"body":"so half the money, but then"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2226.26,"endTime":2231.26,"body":"they came back to it next year,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2231.35,"endTime":2234.27,"body":"and Shostakovich had already"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2231.35,"endTime":2234.27,"body":"written two more works,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2234.27,"endTime":2237.44,"body":"he wrote a \"Second"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2234.27,"endTime":2237.44,"body":"Quartet\" and also a \"Trio\"."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2237.44,"endTime":2238.867,"body":"And they thought, \"Okay, well maybe"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2238.867,"endTime":2240.807,"body":"\"we can then add 'Trio' to it,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2240.807,"endTime":2243.11,"body":"\"and then we can raise it to first class.\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2243.11,"endTime":2245.96,"body":"Because to give Shostakovich"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2243.11,"endTime":2245.96,"body":"second class prize"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2245.96,"endTime":2247.183,"body":"is a bit embarrassing."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2249.372,"endTime":2252.43,"body":"But then there was this audition"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2252.43,"endTime":2255.13,"body":"at the Stalin Prize"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2252.43,"endTime":2255.13,"body":"Committee and Shostakovich"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2255.13,"endTime":2257.73,"body":"must have recommended"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2255.13,"endTime":2257.73,"body":"one of his disciples,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2257.73,"endTime":2261.943,"body":"a wonderful young composer"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2257.73,"endTime":2261.943,"body":"called Mieczyslaw Weinberg."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2263.11,"endTime":2264.86,"body":"So can you imagine the committee"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2264.86,"endTime":2266.66,"body":"listening to the Weinberg quintet"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2266.66,"endTime":2268.91,"body":"then to Shostakovich's \"Second Quartet\","},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2268.91,"endTime":2270.77,"body":"and then Shostakovich's \"Trio\"."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2270.77,"endTime":2272.493,"body":"Now try doing this at home."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2273.8,"endTime":2278.38,"body":"These are three extremely heavy works,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2278.38,"endTime":2280.34,"body":"and very demanding emotionally,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2280.34,"endTime":2282.04,"body":"very demanding from the listeners."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2284.457,"endTime":2287.17,"body":"So Weinberg \"Quintet\""},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2284.457,"endTime":2287.17,"body":"is a wonderful piece."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2287.17,"endTime":2289.86,"body":"Weinberg, of course, was a,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2289.86,"endTime":2293.81,"body":"has an amazing biographical"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2289.86,"endTime":2293.81,"body":"story, you know,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2293.81,"endTime":2297.36,"body":"because he was in Poland"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2293.81,"endTime":2297.36,"body":"where the war broke out,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2297.36,"endTime":2301.49,"body":"and he walked to the"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2297.36,"endTime":2301.49,"body":"border with a Soviet Union."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2301.49,"endTime":2303.77,"body":"So he crossed the border as a refugee,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2303.77,"endTime":2306.32,"body":"like, just like people are doing now,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2306.32,"endTime":2309.59,"body":"walking 80 kilometers or"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2306.32,"endTime":2309.59,"body":"something through Ukraine"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2309.59,"endTime":2311.04,"body":"to get to the border."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2311.04,"endTime":2313.39,"body":"But he was walking the other direction."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2313.39,"endTime":2317.64,"body":"So he crossed the border into"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2313.39,"endTime":2317.64,"body":"Soviet Union and amazingly"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2317.64,"endTime":2319.33,"body":"he wasn't sent in the gulag,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2319.33,"endTime":2320.693,"body":"at least not straight away,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2322.17,"endTime":2324.74,"body":"and was allowed to have a career."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2324.74,"endTime":2328.43,"body":"All his family perished,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2324.74,"endTime":2328.43,"body":"the rest of them perished."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2328.43,"endTime":2331.32,"body":"So Shostakovich was incredibly"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2328.43,"endTime":2331.32,"body":"impressed by the story"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2331.32,"endTime":2335.3,"body":"and also by the talent of"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2331.32,"endTime":2335.3,"body":"Weinberg and promoted him a lot."},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2335.3,"endTime":2336.79,"body":"And it's an amazing work,"},{"speaker":"but pieces that you wouldn't expect","startTime":2336.79,"endTime":2340.589,"body":"I'll just play a few passages to you."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2340.589,"endTime":2345.256,"body":"\"Piano Quintet\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2373.547,"endTime":2378.214,"body":"\"Piano Quintet\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2391.117,"endTime":2391.957,"body":"It's Weinberg himself playing,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2391.957,"endTime":2394.113,"body":"amazing piano playing as well."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2395.04,"endTime":2399.53,"body":"And, of course, Weinberg"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2395.04,"endTime":2399.53,"body":"being Jewish composed"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2399.53,"endTime":2401.62,"body":"quite a lot of music in the Jewish idiom,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2401.62,"endTime":2404.343,"body":"and actually Shostakovich,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2401.62,"endTime":2404.343,"body":"I think, learned from him."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2405.358,"endTime":2407.55,"body":"And it is, it seems Shostakovich"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2407.55,"endTime":2410.3,"body":"that is often more influenced by Weinberg"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2410.3,"endTime":2411.74,"body":"than Weinberg by Shostakovich,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2411.74,"endTime":2413.18,"body":"this is quite an amazing thing."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2413.18,"endTime":2417.1,"body":"But this is one of the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2413.18,"endTime":2417.1,"body":"moments in the slow movement,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2417.1,"endTime":2420.12,"body":"where you can see even"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2417.1,"endTime":2420.12,"body":"these repeated notes,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2420.12,"endTime":2422.07,"body":"this kind of recitational cantillation."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2424.419,"endTime":2429.002,"body":"Piano Quintet\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2447.828,"endTime":2452.411,"body":"Piano Quintet\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2463.89,"endTime":2467.847,"body":"And if you want to see the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2463.89,"endTime":2467.847,"body":"very ending of the \"Quartet\","},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2467.847,"endTime":2471.05,"body":"\"Quintet\", sorry, I told"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2467.847,"endTime":2471.05,"body":"you about the endings,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2471.05,"endTime":2473.63,"body":"quiet endings and how"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2471.05,"endTime":2473.63,"body":"they were not a good thing"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2473.63,"endTime":2475.76,"body":"in the socialist realism."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2475.76,"endTime":2478.103,"body":"He actually ends with"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2475.76,"endTime":2478.103,"body":"an empty bar at the end."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2478.103,"endTime":2479.62,"body":"There's actually nothing,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2479.62,"endTime":2481.85,"body":"there's a bar of silence at the end,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2481.85,"endTime":2483.933,"body":"which is, it's a very symbolic."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2486.05,"endTime":2489.88,"body":"So when all that was performed."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2489.88,"endTime":2492.813,"body":"So that was probably"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2489.88,"endTime":2492.813,"body":"about two hours of music,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2493.97,"endTime":2497.43,"body":"an architect who was a member"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2493.97,"endTime":2497.43,"body":"of the Stalin Prize Committee"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2497.43,"endTime":2500.223,"body":"really could not contain"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2497.43,"endTime":2500.223,"body":"himself any longer,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2501.1,"endTime":2505.084,"body":"and he started swearing at Weinberg,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2505.084,"endTime":2506.157,"body":"well, Weinberg wasn't there, but anyway,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2506.157,"endTime":2510.061,"body":"\"Some youth brings us a piece"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2506.157,"endTime":2510.061,"body":"of utterly unbearable rubbish."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2510.061,"endTime":2512.317,"body":"\"It's an outrageous thing,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2510.061,"endTime":2512.317,"body":"the most incredible cacophony,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2512.317,"endTime":2514.947,"body":"\"just a lot of caterwauling."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2514.947,"endTime":2516.957,"body":"\"There were some attempts"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2514.947,"endTime":2516.957,"body":"at technical innovation:"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2516.957,"endTime":2519.467,"body":"\"now you do it with a"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2516.957,"endTime":2519.467,"body":"finger, now with a bow!"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2519.467,"endTime":2521.557,"body":"\"We were laughing about it,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2519.467,"endTime":2521.557,"body":"that maybe he should get"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2521.557,"endTime":2525.407,"body":"\"something attached to his"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2521.557,"endTime":2525.407,"body":"back, so he could drum on it."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2525.407,"endTime":2527.067,"body":"\"How does this come about?"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2527.067,"endTime":2529.503,"body":"\"In this regard, I must raise"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2527.067,"endTime":2529.503,"body":"an issue of principle here."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2529.503,"endTime":2531.917,"body":"\"The Stalin Prize Committee has a certain"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2531.917,"endTime":2533.797,"body":"\"criterion of evaluation."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2533.797,"endTime":2536.277,"body":"\"It approaches every"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2533.797,"endTime":2536.277,"body":"work from the point of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2536.277,"endTime":2538.147,"body":"\"socialist realism."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2538.147,"endTime":2540.437,"body":"\"If we were offered some"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2538.147,"endTime":2540.437,"body":"kind of futurist daub"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2540.437,"endTime":2542.617,"body":"\"as a painting, we would"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2540.437,"endTime":2542.617,"body":"not even look at it."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2542.617,"endTime":2545.39,"body":"\"If we were offered some kind of zaum',"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2545.39,"endTime":2549.147,"body":"\"'transrational' poetry, we"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2545.39,"endTime":2549.147,"body":"would not give it a hearing."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2549.147,"endTime":2551.277,"body":"\"So why in music do we have to listen"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2551.277,"endTime":2553.277,"body":"\"to these formalist scams?\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2554.3,"endTime":2557.017,"body":"And he continues, that Shostakovich,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2557.017,"endTime":2561.057,"body":"\"One is a teacher, the other a pupil,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2561.057,"endTime":2564.517,"body":"\"but it's an unbearable"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2561.057,"endTime":2564.517,"body":"cacophony again in the 'Quartet',"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2564.517,"endTime":2566.787,"body":"\"and the most, it's the most you can do"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2566.787,"endTime":2568.727,"body":"\"just to stay put in your seat."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2568.727,"endTime":2571.127,"body":"\"And we keep saying"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2568.727,"endTime":2571.127,"body":"Shostakovich is a genius,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2571.127,"endTime":2572.217,"body":"\"a genius, a genius."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2572.217,"endTime":2574.387,"body":"\"We give it our encouragement."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2574.387,"endTime":2578.235,"body":"\"And this \"Quartet\", this"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2574.387,"endTime":2578.235,"body":"incredible chaos and cacophony,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2578.235,"endTime":2580.677,"body":"\"after we heard some rounded"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2578.235,"endTime":2580.677,"body":"phrases in the \"Trio\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2580.677,"endTime":2582.847,"body":"\"and people said it was very good."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2582.847,"endTime":2584.197,"body":"\"But if you take it by itself,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2584.197,"endTime":2586.12,"body":"\"there is nothing"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2584.197,"endTime":2586.12,"body":"particularly good about it.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2586.12,"endTime":2587.375,"body":"And so on and so on."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2587.375,"endTime":2590.86,"body":"So after that, the discussion"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2587.375,"endTime":2590.86,"body":"was swayed in the other way."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2590.86,"endTime":2593.02,"body":"Nobody could quite defend Shostakovich"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2593.02,"endTime":2595.313,"body":"with the same ardor as before."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2596.27,"endTime":2600.48,"body":"But the \"Trio\", yeah, so the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2596.27,"endTime":2600.48,"body":"\"Eight Symphony\", basically,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2600.48,"endTime":2603.97,"body":"this is an interesting quote"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2600.48,"endTime":2603.97,"body":"about the \"Eight Symphony\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2603.97,"endTime":2605.617,"body":"says one, \"When the 'Eight"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2603.97,"endTime":2605.617,"body":"Symphony' is performed,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2605.617,"endTime":2606.867,"body":"\"there's a lot of cacophony there,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2606.867,"endTime":2608.127,"body":"\"but people hear something in it"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2608.127,"endTime":2610.657,"body":"\"which reminds them of the cannons firing"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2610.657,"endTime":2613.347,"body":"\"and the Katyusha rocket"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2610.657,"endTime":2613.347,"body":"launchers squealing,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2613.347,"endTime":2614.967,"body":"\"while in the \"Quartet\" and the \"Trio\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2614.967,"endTime":2617.63,"body":"\"this justification is lacking.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2617.63,"endTime":2621.93,"body":"So this is the license of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2617.63,"endTime":2621.93,"body":"war spelled out for you."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2621.93,"endTime":2623.643,"body":"So you can do various things"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2624.59,"endTime":2625.94,"body":"if they have to do with the war,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2625.94,"endTime":2628.763,"body":"but if there's no justification,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2625.94,"endTime":2628.763,"body":"it's just formalism."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2631.42,"endTime":2634.28,"body":"Well, the \"Trio\" actually got the award"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2634.28,"endTime":2637.02,"body":"instead of the \"Symphony\","},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2634.28,"endTime":2637.02,"body":"second class award."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2637.02,"endTime":2639.043,"body":"And it's amazing too, because it's,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2640.48,"endTime":2642.1,"body":"it has this Jewish material"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2642.1,"endTime":2644.77,"body":"and this very, very famous"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2642.1,"endTime":2644.77,"body":"kind of Jewish dance,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2644.77,"endTime":2646.46,"body":"which is incredibly sinister."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2646.46,"endTime":2649.2,"body":"And, you know, he's is now,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2649.2,"endTime":2651.58,"body":"has been described as a dance of death."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2651.58,"endTime":2656.58,"body":"And the \"Trio\" does seem"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2651.58,"endTime":2656.58,"body":"to refer to the Holocaust"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2657.23,"endTime":2660.38,"body":"already because there"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2657.23,"endTime":2660.38,"body":"were the first reports"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2660.38,"endTime":2662.783,"body":"coming out in 1944,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2663.834,"endTime":2667.05,"body":"from when the Soviet forces"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2663.834,"endTime":2667.05,"body":"liberated these parts of Poland"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2667.05,"endTime":2669.9,"body":"and discovered this horrors of Majdanek."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2669.9,"endTime":2674.9,"body":"So this is very likely to have"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2669.9,"endTime":2674.9,"body":"something to do with that."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2675.53,"endTime":2677.827,"body":"This is the finale of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2675.53,"endTime":2677.827,"body":"Shostakovich's \"Trio\"."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2681.427,"endTime":2685.177,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Trio No. 2\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2709.137,"endTime":2712.887,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Trio No. 2\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2747.786,"endTime":2750.64,"body":"So this is what they"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2747.786,"endTime":2750.64,"body":"liked about this piece,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2750.64,"endTime":2753.725,"body":"because it's more, it's an easy music,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2753.725,"endTime":2755.52,"body":"it's a kind of foot-tapping"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2753.725,"endTime":2755.52,"body":"music for them."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2755.52,"endTime":2758.46,"body":"They did not ever mention"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2755.52,"endTime":2758.46,"body":"that this was Jewish"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2758.46,"endTime":2760.683,"body":"in the discussion, this didn't come up."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2761.86,"endTime":2764.52,"body":"And basically they awarded the \"Trio\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2764.52,"endTime":2766.47,"body":"because it was more accessible."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2766.47,"endTime":2770.51,"body":"So in the context, we think"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2766.47,"endTime":2770.51,"body":"that this is a strange award."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2770.51,"endTime":2772.223,"body":"But that's how it happened."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2775.14,"endTime":2776.933,"body":"How was the victory celebrated?"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2777.9,"endTime":2779.56,"body":"Of course, Shostakovich having written"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2779.56,"endTime":2783.03,"body":"the \"Seventh\" and the \"Eighth\","},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2779.56,"endTime":2783.03,"body":"the \"Ninth\" was expected"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2783.03,"endTime":2785.853,"body":"out of him to celebrate the victory."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2787.22,"endTime":2791.89,"body":"And he started writing a"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2787.22,"endTime":2791.89,"body":"huge symphony with a choir,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2791.89,"endTime":2793.3,"body":"and, you know, the \"Ninth Symphony\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2793.3,"endTime":2795.22,"body":"is a very dangerous number,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2795.22,"endTime":2798.72,"body":"composes, usually die after writing one."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2798.72,"endTime":2801.75,"body":"So he got cold feet and"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2798.72,"endTime":2801.75,"body":"he abandoned his sketches"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2801.75,"endTime":2805.367,"body":"and he presented something"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2801.75,"endTime":2805.367,"body":"entirely different."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2810.123,"endTime":2814.206,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Symphony No. 9\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2840.541,"endTime":2844.624,"body":"(Shostakovich, \"Symphony No. 9\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2864.443,"endTime":2866.54,"body":"So it's a comedy symphony."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2866.54,"endTime":2867.403,"body":"It's a neoclassical symphony."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2867.403,"endTime":2869.21,"body":"It's very light."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2869.21,"endTime":2871.39,"body":"And unfortunately the tasks,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2871.39,"endTime":2873.83,"body":"the information agency"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2871.39,"endTime":2873.83,"body":"published a notice about it,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2873.83,"endTime":2876.33,"body":"that this Shostakovich's \"Ninth Symphony\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2876.33,"endTime":2878.943,"body":"will be in celebration"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2876.33,"endTime":2878.943,"body":"of our great victory."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2880.02,"endTime":2882.13,"body":"So you can imagine in"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2880.02,"endTime":2882.13,"body":"that context, this was,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2882.13,"endTime":2884.38,"body":"it was seen by many"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2882.13,"endTime":2884.38,"body":"other kind of provocation"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2884.38,"endTime":2886.03,"body":"and something embarrassing."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2886.03,"endTime":2888.01,"body":"Lots of Shostakovich's"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2886.03,"endTime":2888.01,"body":"supporters were trying"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2888.01,"endTime":2889.657,"body":"to cover up for it and saying,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2889.657,"endTime":2892.557,"body":"\"Well, it expresses the joy and relief,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2892.557,"endTime":2895.92,"body":"\"the feeling of Soviet people"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2892.557,"endTime":2895.92,"body":"after the end of the war.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2895.92,"endTime":2898.73,"body":"But that didn't wash."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2898.73,"endTime":2902.74,"body":"So, in the end, when it"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2898.73,"endTime":2902.74,"body":"was, again, nominated"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2902.74,"endTime":2904.94,"body":"for a Stalin Prize, this was the report"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2904.94,"endTime":2906.868,"body":"by the Politburo Commission,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2906.868,"endTime":2908.337,"body":"which basically dismissing it."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2908.337,"endTime":2910.937,"body":"\"It's not of significant artistic value"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2910.937,"endTime":2913.777,"body":"\"and it's not very successful.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2916.3,"endTime":2919.12,"body":"So if that wasn't a good"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2916.3,"endTime":2919.12,"body":"enough commemoration"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2919.12,"endTime":2921.92,"body":"because it was too light"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2919.12,"endTime":2921.92,"body":"and not too grand enough."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2921.92,"endTime":2924.15,"body":"Prokofiev's \"Ode to the End of the War\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2924.15,"endTime":2926.69,"body":"failed on the other end of the spectrum"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2926.69,"endTime":2928.427,"body":"because it was too grandiose."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2932.349,"endTime":2937.099,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Ode to the End of the War\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2961.048,"endTime":2965.798,"body":"(Prokofiev, \"Ode to the End of the War\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2987.31,"endTime":2991.24,"body":"So to have eight harps and four pianos"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2991.24,"endTime":2993.77,"body":"and a huge number of double basses,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2993.77,"endTime":2996.35,"body":"huge number of brass"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2993.77,"endTime":2996.35,"body":"was seen as excessive,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2996.35,"endTime":2998.52,"body":"extravagant, decadent, again,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":2998.52,"endTime":3000.4,"body":"going beyond socialist realism."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3000.4,"endTime":3003.36,"body":"So that wasn't a good"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3000.4,"endTime":3003.36,"body":"victory piece either."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3003.36,"endTime":3004.91,"body":"And indeed when you think of it,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3004.91,"endTime":3007.7,"body":"there wasn't a completely approved,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3007.7,"endTime":3011.17,"body":"universally approved"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3007.7,"endTime":3011.17,"body":"victory symphony written."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3011.17,"endTime":3014.85,"body":"And maybe that had to do"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3011.17,"endTime":3014.85,"body":"with the fact that already"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3014.85,"endTime":3018.44,"body":"from 1948, even the day of victory,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3018.44,"endTime":3020.933,"body":"the 9th May wasn't celebrated anymore,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3021.8,"endTime":3023.67,"body":"it wasn't a holiday anymore."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3023.67,"endTime":3025.99,"body":"So Stalin actually didn't"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3023.67,"endTime":3025.99,"body":"want to celebrate it,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3025.99,"endTime":3027.79,"body":"he didn't want to create the culture war,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3027.79,"endTime":3030.27,"body":"he wanted people to forget about it."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3030.27,"endTime":3034.77,"body":"So the returning prisoners"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3030.27,"endTime":3034.77,"body":"of war was sent to the gulag,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3034.77,"endTime":3037.34,"body":"the archives remained closed,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3037.34,"endTime":3042.34,"body":"and the disabled veterans were"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3037.34,"endTime":3042.34,"body":"removed far away, you know,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3043.28,"endTime":3045.363,"body":"from the central streets of Moscow."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3046.84,"endTime":3049.733,"body":"So the cult only then"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3046.84,"endTime":3049.733,"body":"reemerged in the '60s."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3051.63,"endTime":3055.96,"body":"And my final section is the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3051.63,"endTime":3055.96,"body":"limits of commemoration."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3055.96,"endTime":3059.15,"body":"So for a very long time, after the war,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3059.15,"endTime":3063.043,"body":"the theme of commemorating the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3059.15,"endTime":3063.043,"body":"victims was very important,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3063.96,"endTime":3065.143,"body":"but there were limits,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3067.039,"endTime":3072.039,"body":"and various prescriptions of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3067.039,"endTime":3072.039,"body":"how to commemorate the victims"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3072.16,"endTime":3074.04,"body":"and who you could commemorate."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3074.04,"endTime":3077.22,"body":"I will tell you one little"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3074.04,"endTime":3077.22,"body":"story without playing the piece,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3077.22,"endTime":3079.65,"body":"because there's simply no"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3077.22,"endTime":3079.65,"body":"recording of this piece,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3079.65,"endTime":3083.33,"body":"but I'm wondering whether"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3079.65,"endTime":3083.33,"body":"somebody will make one, one day."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3083.33,"endTime":3086.38,"body":"So this is another Shostakovich disciple,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3086.38,"endTime":3088.497,"body":"Yuri Levitin, \"Quartet No. 7\","},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3089.35,"endTime":3094.35,"body":"and his piece was dedicated"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3089.35,"endTime":3094.35,"body":"to Ukrainian partisan"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3096.74,"endTime":3098.793,"body":"who fought against Nazis,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3099.7,"endTime":3101.837,"body":"her name was Lyalya Ubiivovk."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3103.14,"endTime":3105.44,"body":"And the moment that the committee heard"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3105.44,"endTime":3107.69,"body":"that there was a dedication to her,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3107.69,"endTime":3110.62,"body":"they started worrying about this."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3110.62,"endTime":3115.18,"body":"This was already in 1952,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3110.62,"endTime":3115.18,"body":"they said, or, you know,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3115.18,"endTime":3118.07,"body":"is there a scene of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3115.18,"endTime":3118.07,"body":"execution on this quartet?"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3118.07,"endTime":3121.55,"body":"Well, that's too horrible,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3118.07,"endTime":3121.55,"body":"we don't want to have that."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3121.55,"endTime":3124.31,"body":"What about these Ukrainians"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3121.55,"endTime":3124.31,"body":"folk songs that you use,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3124.31,"endTime":3126.41,"body":"are you sure that they're entirely"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3126.41,"endTime":3127.94,"body":"appropriate Ukrainian songs?"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3127.94,"endTime":3129.47,"body":"Why are you using old songs"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3129.47,"endTime":3133.11,"body":"and not new Soviet Ukrainian songs?"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3133.11,"endTime":3135.523,"body":"So the piece was completely,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3136.65,"endTime":3139.8,"body":"you know, rejected for this reason."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3139.8,"endTime":3142.63,"body":"And it was considered false"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3144.38,"endTime":3149.38,"body":"and, kind of, inauthentic,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3144.38,"endTime":3149.38,"body":"even though Levitin"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3149.39,"endTime":3153.95,"body":"actually came from the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3149.39,"endTime":3153.95,"body":"same city in which Ubiivovk"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3153.95,"endTime":3158.65,"body":"was born and in which she"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3153.95,"endTime":3158.65,"body":"died, she was executed."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3158.65,"endTime":3162.49,"body":"So it was a kind of his"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3158.65,"endTime":3162.49,"body":"local commemoration,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3162.49,"endTime":3163.973,"body":"but it wasn't accepted."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3165.71,"endTime":3170.71,"body":"And another case of that"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3165.71,"endTime":3170.71,"body":"was a symphony, which is,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3171.43,"endTime":3175.33,"body":"was written by Dmitri"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3171.43,"endTime":3175.33,"body":"Klebanov/Dmytro Klebaniv"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3175.33,"endTime":3180.083,"body":"a Kharkiv composer,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3175.33,"endTime":3180.083,"body":"Ukrainian Jewish composer,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3181.21,"endTime":3182.59,"body":"which was dedicated to"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3182.59,"endTime":3185.91,"body":"the Martyrs' of Babi Yar or Babyn Yar."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3185.91,"endTime":3189.06,"body":"You probably know about"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3185.91,"endTime":3189.06,"body":"much more famous symphony"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3189.06,"endTime":3192.0,"body":"Shostakovich's \"13th\","},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3189.06,"endTime":3192.0,"body":"we comes from much later."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3192.0,"endTime":3196.4,"body":"But this one is not very well"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3192.0,"endTime":3196.4,"body":"known because it was rejected"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3196.4,"endTime":3198.223,"body":"straight after the premier."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3201.87,"endTime":3204.5,"body":"And I will read out what they said."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3204.5,"endTime":3206.447,"body":"It says, \"Great mistakes have been found"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3206.447,"endTime":3208.488,"body":"\"in the work of some composers."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3208.488,"endTime":3210.217,"body":"\"That's for example, the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3208.488,"endTime":3210.217,"body":"Kharkiv of composer Klebanov"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3210.217,"endTime":3211.75,"body":"\"wrote the Babi Ya Symphony"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3212.854,"endTime":3214.937,"body":"\"that is steeped in the spirit"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3212.854,"endTime":3214.937,"body":"of bourgeois nationalism,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3214.937,"endTime":3216.967,"body":"\"and cosmopolitanism, and founded"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3216.967,"endTime":3219.727,"body":"\"on all Jewish religious songs,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3219.727,"endTime":3222.997,"body":"\"rituals of ancient"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3219.727,"endTime":3222.997,"body":"Palestine, Israel's lament,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3222.997,"endTime":3225.347,"body":"\"intonations of the synagogal chant."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3225.347,"endTime":3227.657,"body":"\"Such are the sources"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3225.347,"endTime":3227.657,"body":"which inspired Klebanov"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3227.657,"endTime":3231.35,"body":"\"to write this anti-patriotic symphony.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3231.35,"endTime":3234.2,"body":"And this very much, very, sort of,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3234.2,"endTime":3236.3,"body":"contemporary language, anti-patriotic."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3236.3,"endTime":3238.91,"body":"This is something that we"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3236.3,"endTime":3238.91,"body":"hear very much right now"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3238.91,"endTime":3240.463,"body":"from the Russian media."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3242.927,"endTime":3247.927,"body":"(Dmitri Klebanov/Dmytro"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3242.927,"endTime":3247.927,"body":"Klebaniv, \"Symphony No. 1\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3273.48,"endTime":3278.48,"body":"(Dmitri Klebanov/Dmytro"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3273.48,"endTime":3278.48,"body":"Klebaniv, \"Symphony No. 1\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3293.956,"endTime":3297.789,"body":"(singing in foreign language)"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3311.166,"endTime":3313.81,"body":"- You might have"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3311.166,"endTime":3313.81,"body":"recognized Mahlerian style,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3313.81,"endTime":3316.55,"body":"which, of course, Mahler"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3313.81,"endTime":3316.55,"body":"a Jewish composer."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3316.55,"endTime":3319.94,"body":"It's not here without"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3316.55,"endTime":3319.94,"body":"a reason that Klebanov"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3319.94,"endTime":3321.69,"body":"is using this idiom here."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3321.69,"endTime":3324.87,"body":"And later on, he does"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3321.69,"endTime":3324.87,"body":"another interesting thing,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3324.87,"endTime":3327.49,"body":"he's quotes from Beethoven's"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3324.87,"endTime":3327.49,"body":"\"Ninth Symphony\","},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3327.49,"endTime":3330.73,"body":"but instead of the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3327.49,"endTime":3330.73,"body":"recitative is the finale,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3330.73,"endTime":3333.99,"body":"he uses Jewish cantillation again."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3333.99,"endTime":3338.74,"body":"So you can see how this"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3333.99,"endTime":3338.74,"body":"music is full of symbols."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3338.74,"endTime":3342.13,"body":"It damaged his career quite substantially."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3342.13,"endTime":3345.53,"body":"And now when I think back"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3342.13,"endTime":3345.53,"body":"to the case of Levitin,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3345.53,"endTime":3350.53,"body":"having sort of discovered"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3345.53,"endTime":3350.53,"body":"this denunciation of Klebanov,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3350.75,"endTime":3355.75,"body":"I think that there was"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3350.75,"endTime":3355.75,"body":"probably also an unspoken worry"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3355.81,"endTime":3358.68,"body":"about Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3358.68,"endTime":3361.84,"body":"That you could not"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3358.68,"endTime":3361.84,"body":"commemorate someone Ukrainian"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3361.84,"endTime":3364.05,"body":"in a specifically Ukrainian way."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3364.05,"endTime":3365.58,"body":"This was not allowed."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3365.58,"endTime":3369.27,"body":"You could not commemorate"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3365.58,"endTime":3369.27,"body":"the Jews separately"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3369.27,"endTime":3370.31,"body":"from the Soviet people."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3370.31,"endTime":3373.43,"body":"You could not commemorate"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3370.31,"endTime":3373.43,"body":"Ukrainians separately"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3373.43,"endTime":3375.02,"body":"from the Soviet people."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3375.02,"endTime":3378.41,"body":"So this is very much something"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3375.02,"endTime":3378.41,"body":"that, again, connects it"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3379.836,"endTime":3381.94,"body":"to the rhetoric of our time to today."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3381.94,"endTime":3386.94,"body":"These are the roots of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3381.94,"endTime":3386.94,"body":"what we have seen growing"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3387.17,"endTime":3388.663,"body":"in recent decades."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3391.898,"endTime":3396.898,"body":"Well, now to the piece that"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3391.898,"endTime":3396.898,"body":"our trio is going to play here,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3397.42,"endTime":3401.81,"body":"a \"Trio\" by Mikhail Gnessin,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3397.42,"endTime":3401.81,"body":"a very rarely performed piece."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3401.81,"endTime":3405.163,"body":"And I will only say a"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3401.81,"endTime":3405.163,"body":"very few words about it."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3406.37,"endTime":3408.27,"body":"Gnessin is an interesting composer."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3408.27,"endTime":3412.82,"body":"He was a pioneer of the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3408.27,"endTime":3412.82,"body":"Soviet style in the 1920s."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3412.82,"endTime":3416.4,"body":"He created one of the first"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3412.82,"endTime":3416.4,"body":"pieces, symphonic monument,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3416.4,"endTime":3419.13,"body":"which was actually on the Soviet theme."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3419.13,"endTime":3422.42,"body":"He was also a pioneer of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3419.13,"endTime":3422.42,"body":"Jewish national music,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3422.42,"endTime":3424.85,"body":"he wrote a lot of music,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3424.85,"endTime":3429.15,"body":"which was specifically"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3424.85,"endTime":3429.15,"body":"trying to discover how to do,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3429.15,"endTime":3434.15,"body":"how to create music out of"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3429.15,"endTime":3434.15,"body":"various songs and chants."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3436.9,"endTime":3441.24,"body":"And to the extent that"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3436.9,"endTime":3441.24,"body":"he was the only composer,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3441.24,"endTime":3442.88,"body":"only of Soviet composers"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3442.88,"endTime":3445.66,"body":"who was explicitly banned by the Nazis."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3445.66,"endTime":3447.55,"body":"So that's an interesting fact."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3447.55,"endTime":3450.82,"body":"Gnessin was also extremely courageous man."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3450.82,"endTime":3455.82,"body":"On three occasions at least,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3450.82,"endTime":3455.82,"body":"in 1932, in 1936, in 1948,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3456.16,"endTime":3458.12,"body":"he actually just stood up for his friends,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3458.12,"endTime":3461.1,"body":"he stood up against charges of formalism,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3461.1,"endTime":3462.93,"body":"which was a very dangerous thing to do,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3462.93,"endTime":3464.61,"body":"so I have a huge respect for him."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3464.61,"endTime":3468.72,"body":"But this is a piece which"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3464.61,"endTime":3468.72,"body":"is written in commemoration"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3468.72,"endTime":3469.91,"body":"of his son."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3469.91,"endTime":3473.04,"body":"He wrote it during his"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3469.91,"endTime":3473.04,"body":"evacuation in Tashkent."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3473.04,"endTime":3478.04,"body":"His son who was a 35-year-old,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3473.04,"endTime":3478.04,"body":"Fabi, his name was,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3478.78,"endTime":3482.25,"body":"arrived in Tashkent"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3478.78,"endTime":3482.25,"body":"before Gnessin and died"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3482.25,"endTime":3485.823,"body":"in the hospital before his father arrived."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3488.441,"endTime":3491.87,"body":"And Gnessin wanted to write"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3488.441,"endTime":3491.87,"body":"a piece in his memory,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3491.87,"endTime":3495.457,"body":"but he created a more general dedication,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3495.457,"endTime":3497.987,"body":"\"In Memory of Our Perished Children\"."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3499.237,"endTime":3501.03,"body":"And he also wrote a little note,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3501.03,"endTime":3503.01,"body":"which was supposed to be passed around"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3503.01,"endTime":3505.107,"body":"when the piece was performed."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3505.107,"endTime":3508.097,"body":"\"The composer has strived"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3505.107,"endTime":3508.097,"body":"to express our shared pain"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3508.097,"endTime":3510.957,"body":"\"over our children,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3508.097,"endTime":3510.957,"body":"students, and young friends"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3510.957,"endTime":3513.777,"body":"\"who perished in battles"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3510.957,"endTime":3513.777,"body":"for our fatherland"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3513.777,"endTime":3516.993,"body":"\"or who were tortured by the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3513.777,"endTime":3516.993,"body":"enemy in occupied cities;"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3517.84,"endTime":3519.927,"body":"\"but he also seeks to stir"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3517.84,"endTime":3519.927,"body":"up in his listeners' memory"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3519.927,"endTime":3523.327,"body":"\"an image of these young"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3519.927,"endTime":3523.327,"body":"people as living beings,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3523.327,"endTime":3526.047,"body":"\"in the youth, from"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3523.327,"endTime":3526.047,"body":"childhood dreams and play,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3526.047,"endTime":3528.677,"body":"\"from youthful unrequited"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3526.047,"endTime":3528.677,"body":"love and aspirations,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3528.677,"endTime":3531.277,"body":"\"to the earliest real"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3528.677,"endTime":3531.277,"body":"achievements of adulthood,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3531.277,"endTime":3532.973,"body":"\"and then their sudden deaths."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3533.971,"endTime":3535.547,"body":"\"The sections of the"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3533.971,"endTime":3535.547,"body":"trio linked to the poetry"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3535.547,"endTime":3538.617,"body":"\"of children's suffering"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3535.547,"endTime":3538.617,"body":"are built on a theme"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3538.617,"endTime":3541.437,"body":"\"that was composed at"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3538.617,"endTime":3541.437,"body":"age of eight by the son"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3541.437,"endTime":3544.307,"body":"\"of the composer Fabi, now diseased.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3546.18,"endTime":3548.98,"body":"This piece is, doesn't"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3546.18,"endTime":3548.98,"body":"sound particularly Jewish,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3548.98,"endTime":3551.15,"body":"although it does contain Yiddish theme"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3551.15,"endTime":3553.27,"body":"at the very start in the pizzicato,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3553.27,"endTime":3558.21,"body":"but it's not explicitly"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3553.27,"endTime":3558.21,"body":"written in the Jewish idiom."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3558.21,"endTime":3561.16,"body":"Nevertheless later on, it"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3558.21,"endTime":3561.16,"body":"has acquired new meanings"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3561.16,"endTime":3563.153,"body":"as a Holocaust memorial piece."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3564.2,"endTime":3567.61,"body":"But today, I think, this"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3564.2,"endTime":3567.61,"body":"dedication can stand"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3567.61,"endTime":3570.073,"body":"and we don't have to add anything to it,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3571.05,"endTime":3574.28,"body":"and dedicated to those innocent victim,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3574.28,"endTime":3577.89,"body":"the victims of the war"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3574.28,"endTime":3577.89,"body":"that is going on now."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3577.89,"endTime":3580.02,"body":"And I will invite now onto the stage"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3580.02,"endTime":3582.16,"body":"our very young performers."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3582.16,"endTime":3585.09,"body":"They're all undergraduates"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3582.16,"endTime":3585.09,"body":"from Cambridge University:"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3585.09,"endTime":3588.623,"body":"Jaqueline Seki, William"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3585.09,"endTime":3588.623,"body":"Harris, and Ellis Thomas;"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3589.772,"endTime":3590.827,"body":"two of them are from Clare"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3589.772,"endTime":3590.827,"body":"College and one of them"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3590.827,"endTime":3592.64,"body":"are from Downing College."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3592.64,"endTime":3595.121,"body":"Please give them very"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3592.64,"endTime":3595.121,"body":"warm round of welcome."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3595.121,"endTime":3598.121,"body":"(audience clapping)"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3606.642,"endTime":3610.142,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3636.273,"endTime":3639.773,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3666.148,"endTime":3669.648,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3697.038,"endTime":3700.538,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3725.72,"endTime":3729.22,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3757.038,"endTime":3760.538,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3786.432,"endTime":3789.932,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3816.776,"endTime":3820.276,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3846.068,"endTime":3849.568,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3875.055,"endTime":3878.555,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3907.053,"endTime":3910.553,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3935.654,"endTime":3939.154,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3966.488,"endTime":3969.988,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":3996.882,"endTime":4000.382,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4025.291,"endTime":4028.791,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4057.373,"endTime":4060.873,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4086.043,"endTime":4089.543,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4117.063,"endTime":4120.563,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4146.812,"endTime":4150.312,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4176.632,"endTime":4180.132,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4205.907,"endTime":4209.407,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4235.771,"endTime":4239.271,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4266.244,"endTime":4269.744,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4296.483,"endTime":4299.983,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4325.921,"endTime":4329.421,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4354.619,"endTime":4358.119,"body":"(Mikhail Gnessin, \"Trio\")"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4363.2,"endTime":4366.283,"body":"(audience clapping)"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4372.494,"endTime":4373.52,"body":"- We don't have time for questions."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4373.52,"endTime":4375.45,"body":"But I just would like to say,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4375.45,"endTime":4378.24,"body":"first of all, thank you to"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4375.45,"endTime":4378.24,"body":"performers who were tremendous."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4378.24,"endTime":4381.55,"body":"It was, I thought it was a"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4378.24,"endTime":4381.55,"body":"deeply moving piece of music,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4381.55,"endTime":4384.86,"body":"but also thank you to you"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4381.55,"endTime":4384.86,"body":"for persevering this evening"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4384.86,"endTime":4386.09,"body":"in these awful circumstances."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4386.09,"endTime":4389.62,"body":"And I just want to read out two"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4386.09,"endTime":4389.62,"body":"of the many comments online."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4389.62,"endTime":4390.453,"body":"One person said,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4390.453,"endTime":4392.897,"body":"\"Thank you so much for"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4390.453,"endTime":4392.897,"body":"deciding to do your talk,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4392.897,"endTime":4395.3,"body":"\"music is a universal language.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4395.3,"endTime":4398.277,"body":"And the second one, I'd just"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4395.3,"endTime":4398.277,"body":"quickly like to read says,"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4398.277,"endTime":4399.847,"body":"\"20th century Russian music"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4399.847,"endTime":4401.827,"body":"\"is part of European cultural history"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4401.827,"endTime":4404.927,"body":"\"as much as Shakespeare, Wagner or Dante."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4404.927,"endTime":4407.507,"body":"\"Professor Frolova-Walker"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4404.927,"endTime":4407.507,"body":"does not need to make"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4407.507,"endTime":4410.717,"body":"\"any apologies for any crude misuse"},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4410.717,"endTime":4412.81,"body":"\"by a temporary dictator.\""},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4412.81,"endTime":4414.426,"body":"So thank you."},{"speaker":"(\"Mieczyslaw Weinberg","startTime":4414.426,"endTime":4417.509,"body":"(audience clapping)"}]}