{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.33,"endTime":2.134,"body":"- Citizens of Earth,"},{"startTime":2.134,"endTime":3.12,"body":"(audience laughing)"},{"startTime":3.12,"endTime":5.463,"body":"- the year is 2030."},{"startTime":6.48,"endTime":10.65,"body":"A global pandemic and"},{"startTime":6.48,"endTime":10.65,"body":"fossil fuel, climate,"},{"startTime":10.65,"endTime":13.86,"body":"and cost of living"},{"startTime":10.65,"endTime":13.86,"body":"crises have propelled us"},{"startTime":13.86,"endTime":15.693,"body":"into the metaverse."},{"startTime":16.59,"endTime":19.29,"body":"International travel is too expensive"},{"startTime":19.29,"endTime":22.41,"body":"for anyone except the very wealthy,"},{"startTime":22.41,"endTime":26.073,"body":"and the environmental"},{"startTime":22.41,"endTime":26.073,"body":"cost is hard to justify."},{"startTime":26.94,"endTime":31.83,"body":"Businesses of all sizes no"},{"startTime":26.94,"endTime":31.83,"body":"longer rent office 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can hug and"},{"startTime":62.22,"endTime":65.64,"body":"kiss and be together"},{"startTime":65.64,"endTime":69.12,"body":"as easily as they would offline."},{"startTime":69.12,"endTime":72.36,"body":"Reported levels of loneliness have fallen"},{"startTime":72.36,"endTime":74.97,"body":"and therapeutic use of technology"},{"startTime":74.97,"endTime":78.36,"body":"is slowing the progress of dementia."},{"startTime":78.36,"endTime":81.57,"body":"Whether in leisure spaces or workplaces,"},{"startTime":81.57,"endTime":85.26,"body":"more people have content"},{"startTime":81.57,"endTime":85.26,"body":"delivered in line of sight"},{"startTime":85.26,"endTime":87.48,"body":"than at their arm's length."},{"startTime":87.48,"endTime":90.72,"body":"People fall in love, have sex,"},{"startTime":90.72,"endTime":93.9,"body":"have children in the metaverse."},{"startTime":93.9,"endTime":97.41,"body":"The only thing they can't do, is eat,"},{"startTime":97.41,"endTime":101.193,"body":"in a way that gives them"},{"startTime":97.41,"endTime":101.193,"body":"any kind of sustenance."},{"startTime":104.04,"endTime":105.99,"body":"Okay, confession time."},{"startTime":105.99,"endTime":108.9,"body":"This is just a prop"},{"startTime":108.9,"endTime":110.88,"body":"and I'm going to need to"},{"startTime":108.9,"endTime":110.88,"body":"put my glasses back on"},{"startTime":110.88,"endTime":112.74,"body":"so I can see all of you."},{"startTime":112.74,"endTime":116.43,"body":"It's a cyber punk mockup"},{"startTime":112.74,"endTime":116.43,"body":"and a very fun one"},{"startTime":116.43,"endTime":120.843,"body":"of what a heads-up data"},{"startTime":116.43,"endTime":120.843,"body":"display could look like."},{"startTime":122.22,"endTime":123.633,"body":"But just as easily,"},{"startTime":125.61,"endTime":128.22,"body":"I can turn it off and you can see,"},{"startTime":128.22,"endTime":130.563,"body":"it is a dumb printed display."},{"startTime":132.75,"endTime":137.07,"body":"Those of us 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technology"},{"startTime":165.36,"endTime":169.11,"body":"will revolutionize how we work and play,"},{"startTime":169.11,"endTime":171.57,"body":"disrupt established economies,"},{"startTime":171.57,"endTime":175.17,"body":"and challenge the dominance"},{"startTime":171.57,"endTime":175.17,"body":"of big tech companies"},{"startTime":175.17,"endTime":177.87,"body":"all through the wearing of visors"},{"startTime":177.87,"endTime":180.99,"body":"that look like they've"},{"startTime":177.87,"endTime":180.99,"body":"come straight off the set"},{"startTime":180.99,"endTime":182.703,"body":"of a Spielberg movie."},{"startTime":183.66,"endTime":187.44,"body":"Just as readily, this vision is shot down."},{"startTime":187.44,"endTime":190.8,"body":"Its advocates, ridiculed"},{"startTime":187.44,"endTime":190.8,"body":"for their idealism"},{"startTime":190.8,"endTime":194.67,"body":"or for not developing"},{"startTime":190.8,"endTime":194.67,"body":"the required technology,"},{"startTime":194.67,"endTime":195.693,"body":"quickly enough."},{"startTime":196.59,"endTime":199.62,"body":"Unpacking exactly what the metaverse is,"},{"startTime":199.62,"endTime":201.24,"body":"is made more difficult,"},{"startTime":201.24,"endTime":204.18,"body":"by the fact that the very term itself"},{"startTime":204.18,"endTime":206.85,"body":"has its roots in science fiction."},{"startTime":206.85,"endTime":209.16,"body":"Now, it's generally agreed"},{"startTime":209.16,"endTime":212.73,"body":"that it was the first"},{"startTime":209.16,"endTime":212.73,"body":"coined by Neil Stevenson,"},{"startTime":212.73,"endTime":215.377,"body":"the author in his science fiction novel"},{"startTime":215.377,"endTime":218.4,"body":"\"Snow Crash\" in 1992."},{"startTime":218.4,"endTime":220.77,"body":"And it denotes a digital world,"},{"startTime":220.77,"endTime":225.273,"body":"into which characters escape"},{"startTime":220.77,"endTime":225.273,"body":"a dystopian near-future."},{"startTime":226.2,"endTime":228.99,"body":"Conceiving of the internet"},{"startTime":226.2,"endTime":228.99,"body":"as an environment,"},{"startTime":228.99,"endTime":232.68,"body":"one can enter physically and emotionally,"},{"startTime":232.68,"endTime":234.72,"body":"has become something of a trope,"},{"startTime":234.72,"endTime":238.14,"body":"to readers and cinema goers alike,"},{"startTime":238.14,"endTime":242.22,"body":"through novels such as William"},{"startTime":238.14,"endTime":242.22,"body":"Gibson's \"Neuromancer\","},{"startTime":242.22,"endTime":246.0,"body":"through \"Tron\", through"},{"startTime":242.22,"endTime":246.0,"body":"\"The Matrix\" franchise,"},{"startTime":246.0,"endTime":249.177,"body":"and even Disney's \"Ralph"},{"startTime":246.0,"endTime":249.177,"body":"Breaks the Internet\"."},{"startTime":250.05,"endTime":252.78,"body":"But even the fact, that"},{"startTime":250.05,"endTime":252.78,"body":"the word 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for"},{"startTime":282.27,"endTime":286.29,"body":"features and technologies"},{"startTime":286.29,"endTime":288.54,"body":"that are already in development"},{"startTime":288.54,"endTime":291.69,"body":"and in some cases in mainstream use."},{"startTime":291.69,"endTime":295.62,"body":"The evolution of these"},{"startTime":291.69,"endTime":295.62,"body":"technologies in such a way"},{"startTime":295.62,"endTime":298.71,"body":"and at such a rate that they enable"},{"startTime":298.71,"endTime":302.01,"body":"and accelerate each other,"},{"startTime":298.71,"endTime":302.01,"body":"and are able to converge"},{"startTime":302.01,"endTime":304.98,"body":"seamlessly in connected environments"},{"startTime":304.98,"endTime":309.98,"body":"is the story of how we may"},{"startTime":304.98,"endTime":309.98,"body":"get from where we are now,"},{"startTime":310.08,"endTime":313.777,"body":"as summed up in the Oxford"},{"startTime":310.08,"endTime":313.777,"body":"English dictionary's definition,"},{"startTime":313.777,"endTime":318.39,"body":"\"a virtual reality space"},{"startTime":313.777,"endTime":318.39,"body":"in which users can interact"},{"startTime":318.39,"endTime":323.28,"body":"with a computer generated"},{"startTime":318.39,"endTime":323.28,"body":"environment and other users\""},{"startTime":323.28,"endTime":327.15,"body":"to media theorist Matthew"},{"startTime":323.28,"endTime":327.15,"body":"Ball's recent vision"},{"startTime":327.15,"endTime":331.26,"body":"of \"a massively scaled"},{"startTime":327.15,"endTime":331.26,"body":"and interoperable network"},{"startTime":331.26,"endTime":336.26,"body":"of real-time rendered 3D virtual worlds\","},{"startTime":336.51,"endTime":339.81,"body":"that can be experienced synchronously,"},{"startTime":339.81,"endTime":344.81,"body":"and persistently by an effectively"},{"startTime":339.81,"endTime":344.81,"body":"unlimited number of users"},{"startTime":345.99,"endTime":349.38,"body":"with an individual sense of presence,"},{"startTime":349.38,"endTime":351.81,"body":"and with continuity of data"},{"startTime":351.81,"endTime":356.25,"body":"such as identity, history,"},{"startTime":351.81,"endTime":356.25,"body":"entitlements, objects,"},{"startTime":356.25,"endTime":358.653,"body":"communications, and payments."},{"startTime":359.85,"endTime":364.11,"body":"And if we map those features"},{"startTime":359.85,"endTime":364.11,"body":"to the infrastructure, and IT,"},{"startTime":364.11,"endTime":367.2,"body":"required to make them a reality,"},{"startTime":367.2,"endTime":370.02,"body":"we get something like this."},{"startTime":370.02,"endTime":373.71,"body":"And the fact is, that"},{"startTime":370.02,"endTime":373.71,"body":"all of these technologies"},{"startTime":373.71,"endTime":375.843,"body":"are already in use."},{"startTime":376.8,"endTime":380.37,"body":"Anyone who has interacted with a chat bot,"},{"startTime":380.37,"endTime":385.23,"body":"is familiar with the"},{"startTime":380.37,"endTime":385.23,"body":"concept of synthetic humans."},{"startTime":385.23,"endTime":388.14,"body":"Automated characters with human features,"},{"startTime":388.14,"endTime":392.13,"body":"populate online games and virtual worlds."},{"startTime":392.13,"endTime":395.79,"body":"Synthetic influencers"},{"startTime":392.13,"endTime":395.79,"body":"like the fashion model,"},{"startTime":395.79,"endTime":399.99,"body":"Lil Miquela are presented"},{"startTime":395.79,"endTime":399.99,"body":"as humans on social media,"},{"startTime":399.99,"endTime":402.66,"body":"and they have some human characteristics"},{"startTime":402.66,"endTime":407.66,"body":"even though they do not"},{"startTime":402.66,"endTime":407.66,"body":"exist at all outside of data."},{"startTime":409.77,"endTime":410.73,"body":"In recent years,"},{"startTime":410.73,"endTime":414.27,"body":"cryptocurrencies such"},{"startTime":410.73,"endTime":414.27,"body":"as Bitcoin and Ethereum,"},{"startTime":414.27,"endTime":419.27,"body":"blockchain-based technologies"},{"startTime":414.27,"endTime":419.27,"body":"and non fungible tokens, NFTs,"},{"startTime":419.4,"endTime":423.03,"body":"have become increasingly"},{"startTime":419.4,"endTime":423.03,"body":"visible in the economy."},{"startTime":423.03,"endTime":425.22,"body":"And if you'd like to"},{"startTime":423.03,"endTime":425.22,"body":"know more about these,"},{"startTime":425.22,"endTime":429.57,"body":"I strongly recommend you"},{"startTime":425.22,"endTime":429.57,"body":"watch Prof. Raghavendra Rao's"},{"startTime":429.57,"endTime":433.65,"body":"upcoming lectures on"},{"startTime":429.57,"endTime":433.65,"body":"\"Love, Trust, and Crypto,\""},{"startTime":433.65,"endTime":436.17,"body":"and \"DeFi, Decentralized Finance,"},{"startTime":436.17,"endTime":438.897,"body":"Crypto, and NFTs in Business\"."},{"startTime":439.83,"endTime":442.35,"body":"For some people the metaverse is a 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map"},{"startTime":537.72,"endTime":541.62,"body":"couldn't possibly provide."},{"startTime":541.62,"endTime":546.62,"body":"3D imaging enables us"},{"startTime":541.62,"endTime":546.62,"body":"to see around corners,"},{"startTime":547.08,"endTime":551.37,"body":"data on vehicle congestion,"},{"startTime":547.08,"endTime":551.37,"body":"public transport load,"},{"startTime":551.37,"endTime":553.35,"body":"and pedestrian footfall,"},{"startTime":553.35,"endTime":555.51,"body":"privileges us with information"},{"startTime":555.51,"endTime":557.82,"body":"that would not otherwise be visible,"},{"startTime":557.82,"endTime":561.33,"body":"until we had actually"},{"startTime":557.82,"endTime":561.33,"body":"reached that location."},{"startTime":561.33,"endTime":564.45,"body":"And when we play games like Pokemon Go,"},{"startTime":564.45,"endTime":566.97,"body":"AR turns our offline surroundings"},{"startTime":566.97,"endTime":570.27,"body":"into a treasure hunt for virtual items."},{"startTime":570.27,"endTime":573.87,"body":"In fact, this data world"},{"startTime":570.27,"endTime":573.87,"body":"can be so persuasive"},{"startTime":573.87,"endTime":578.34,"body":"that we often risk"},{"startTime":573.87,"endTime":578.34,"body":"neglecting offline hazards."},{"startTime":578.34,"endTime":582.45,"body":"And to that end, believe it or"},{"startTime":578.34,"endTime":582.45,"body":"not, there's even a website,"},{"startTime":582.45,"endTime":584.25,"body":"that tracks all the deaths,"},{"startTime":584.25,"endTime":586.803,"body":"and injuries linked to Pokemon Go."},{"startTime":589.17,"endTime":592.53,"body":"A successful metaverse"},{"startTime":589.17,"endTime":592.53,"body":"is envisaged as one,"},{"startTime":592.53,"endTime":597.03,"body":"that is immersive and in"},{"startTime":592.53,"endTime":597.03,"body":"which we feel embodied."},{"startTime":597.03,"endTime":599.1,"body":"And we're going to"},{"startTime":597.03,"endTime":599.1,"body":"explore 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ROBLOX,"},{"startTime":624.69,"endTime":627.69,"body":"you may already feel that"},{"startTime":624.69,"endTime":627.69,"body":"there are quite enough,"},{"startTime":627.69,"endTime":630.99,"body":"all-absorbing alternate realities."},{"startTime":630.99,"endTime":635.99,"body":"Virtual Reality, VR,"},{"startTime":630.99,"endTime":635.99,"body":"intensifies that experience"},{"startTime":636.15,"endTime":641.1,"body":"by presenting an"},{"startTime":636.15,"endTime":641.1,"body":"environment in 360 degrees."},{"startTime":641.1,"endTime":643.44,"body":"So hands up in the audience,"},{"startTime":643.44,"endTime":647.94,"body":"those of you who have tried"},{"startTime":643.44,"endTime":647.94,"body":"on a virtual reality headset,"},{"startTime":647.94,"endTime":650.1,"body":"a headset like that..."},{"startTime":650.1,"endTime":652.11,"body":"Gosh, that's quite a few of you."},{"startTime":652.11,"endTime":654.51,"body":"You know when I used to ask"},{"startTime":652.11,"endTime":654.51,"body":"these questions a few years back"},{"startTime":654.51,"endTime":658.29,"body":"you'd have about 10 or"},{"startTime":654.51,"endTime":658.29,"body":"20%. So this is good."},{"startTime":658.29,"endTime":660.69,"body":"This means you'll be able"},{"startTime":658.29,"endTime":660.69,"body":"to answer my question."},{"startTime":662.13,"endTime":664.23,"body":"So I want you to think back to that time,"},{"startTime":664.23,"endTime":667.923,"body":"the very first time that you"},{"startTime":664.23,"endTime":667.923,"body":"tried on one of those headsets."},{"startTime":668.82,"endTime":672.873,"body":"Try and remember how it"},{"startTime":668.82,"endTime":672.873,"body":"felt, and what you did."},{"startTime":673.89,"endTime":676.5,"body":"I can pretty much guarantee,"},{"startTime":676.5,"endTime":678.6,"body":"that the very first thing you did"},{"startTime":678.6,"endTime":680.433,"body":"when you put on that headset,"},{"startTime":681.87,"endTime":682.94,"body":"was this..."},{"startTime":687.0,"endTime":688.35,"body":"Why? 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situation."},{"startTime":716.01,"endTime":719.22,"body":"And that heightened"},{"startTime":716.01,"endTime":719.22,"body":"emotional experience in turn,"},{"startTime":719.22,"endTime":722.793,"body":"intensifies the feeling"},{"startTime":719.22,"endTime":722.793,"body":"of really being there."},{"startTime":723.93,"endTime":727.08,"body":"There's an associated"},{"startTime":723.93,"endTime":727.08,"body":"concept of co-presence,"},{"startTime":727.08,"endTime":729.36,"body":"and this applies the same feedback loop"},{"startTime":729.36,"endTime":731.88,"body":"to our interactions with others,"},{"startTime":731.88,"endTime":736.323,"body":"intensifying our feelings"},{"startTime":731.88,"endTime":736.323,"body":"of being there together."},{"startTime":737.22,"endTime":739.71,"body":"Again, a sense of online community"},{"startTime":739.71,"endTime":742.47,"body":"is, of course, also nothing new,"},{"startTime":742.47,"endTime":746.43,"body":"as members of Facebook groups"},{"startTime":742.47,"endTime":746.43,"body":"and guilds in online games"},{"startTime":746.43,"endTime":749.34,"body":"like World of Warcraft will testify."},{"startTime":749.34,"endTime":753.78,"body":"And it's nearly 20 years, since"},{"startTime":749.34,"endTime":753.78,"body":"inhabitants of Second Life"},{"startTime":753.78,"endTime":758.7,"body":"started owning property,"},{"startTime":753.78,"endTime":758.7,"body":"earning money, socializing,"},{"startTime":758.7,"endTime":760.74,"body":"falling in love, having families,"},{"startTime":760.74,"endTime":765.183,"body":"immersing themselves in the"},{"startTime":760.74,"endTime":765.183,"body":"virtual world shown here."},{"startTime":766.59,"endTime":770.76,"body":"But our quest for immersion"},{"startTime":766.59,"endTime":770.76,"body":"can be traced much further back"},{"startTime":770.76,"endTime":773.28,"body":"and arguably to the earliest works"},{"startTime":773.28,"endTime":775.92,"body":"of human literature and art."},{"startTime":775.92,"endTime":778.08,"body":"Given our time constraints this evening,"},{"startTime":778.08,"endTime":781.113,"body":"let's just go back a century or so."},{"startTime":783.87,"endTime":787.47,"body":"In 1896, this film by"},{"startTime":783.87,"endTime":787.47,"body":"the Lumiere Brothers,"},{"startTime":787.47,"endTime":790.98,"body":"of a train arriving at La"},{"startTime":787.47,"endTime":790.98,"body":"Ciotat station in France"},{"startTime":790.98,"endTime":794.97,"body":"reportedly caused chaos among cinema goers"},{"startTime":794.97,"endTime":797.19,"body":"who were convinced that the locomotive,"},{"startTime":797.19,"endTime":798.483,"body":"was going to hit them."},{"startTime":799.71,"endTime":803.13,"body":"While this claim has not"},{"startTime":799.71,"endTime":803.13,"body":"gone unchallenged since,"},{"startTime":803.13,"endTime":805.62,"body":"the Lumieres' second attempt suggests"},{"startTime":805.62,"endTime":807.96,"body":"that making audience members feel"},{"startTime":807.96,"endTime":810.39,"body":"as if they were really in the scene"},{"startTime":810.39,"endTime":813.363,"body":"was precisely their intention."},{"startTime":814.35,"endTime":819.35,"body":"In 1934, they reshot the"},{"startTime":814.35,"endTime":819.35,"body":"footage in stereoscopic 3D."},{"startTime":819.63,"endTime":821.91,"body":"So those of you attending in person,"},{"startTime":821.91,"endTime":825.12,"body":"should each have received a pair of these,"},{"startTime":825.12,"endTime":828.9,"body":"a pair of 3D glasses and"},{"startTime":825.12,"endTime":828.9,"body":"it's time to put them on."},{"startTime":828.9,"endTime":830.43,"body":"Some of you, I was very impressed."},{"startTime":830.43,"endTime":832.35,"body":"Some of you put them on at"},{"startTime":830.43,"endTime":832.35,"body":"the start of the lecture."},{"startTime":832.35,"endTime":833.82,"body":"That was fantastic!"},{"startTime":833.82,"endTime":835.62,"body":"The idea that I might have presented"},{"startTime":835.62,"endTime":837.36,"body":"the whole lecture in 3D,"},{"startTime":837.36,"endTime":841.053,"body":"thank you so much for having"},{"startTime":837.36,"endTime":841.053,"body":"such high expectations of me."},{"startTime":842.55,"endTime":844.323,"body":"Okay, are we ready?"},{"startTime":848.31,"endTime":850.47,"body":"To the audience at home,"},{"startTime":850.47,"endTime":854.91,"body":"apologies that you're not"},{"startTime":850.47,"endTime":854.91,"body":"equally technically enabled here,"},{"startTime":854.91,"endTime":857.43,"body":"but hopefully you do get the picture."},{"startTime":857.43,"endTime":862.2,"body":"And really the point isn't so"},{"startTime":857.43,"endTime":862.2,"body":"much the quality of this print"},{"startTime":862.2,"endTime":866.253,"body":"as the fact that there was"},{"startTime":862.2,"endTime":866.253,"body":"perceived demand for it."},{"startTime":868.02,"endTime":869.7,"body":"Later in the 20th century,"},{"startTime":869.7,"endTime":873.21,"body":"3D versions of mainstream"},{"startTime":869.7,"endTime":873.21,"body":"movies became popular."},{"startTime":873.21,"endTime":877.35,"body":"Who could forget that classic Jaws 3D?"},{"startTime":877.35,"endTime":881.85,"body":"Incontrovertible proof that"},{"startTime":877.35,"endTime":881.85,"body":"the sensation of being pursued"},{"startTime":881.85,"endTime":884.52,"body":"by a great white shark is a bigger thrill"},{"startTime":884.52,"endTime":887.283,"body":"than quality acting or a worthy script."},{"startTime":888.6,"endTime":890.25,"body":"And for my generation,"},{"startTime":890.25,"endTime":894.21,"body":"the View Master here, was"},{"startTime":890.25,"endTime":894.21,"body":"a highly desirable toy,"},{"startTime":894.21,"endTime":896.97,"body":"with numerous brand tie-ins."},{"startTime":896.97,"endTime":899.85,"body":"I hankered after one of these as a child,"},{"startTime":899.85,"endTime":902.94,"body":"so I could immerse myself"},{"startTime":899.85,"endTime":902.94,"body":"in the Muppet Show,"},{"startTime":902.94,"endTime":904.86,"body":"to feel like I was in the scene"},{"startTime":904.86,"endTime":907.653,"body":"with Kermit, Fozzie, and Gonzo."},{"startTime":908.88,"endTime":910.95,"body":"So in empirical terms,"},{"startTime":910.95,"endTime":915.95,"body":"virtual reality is a direct"},{"startTime":910.95,"endTime":915.95,"body":"descendant of 20th century 3D."},{"startTime":916.95,"endTime":921.39,"body":"The quest for immersion"},{"startTime":916.95,"endTime":921.39,"body":"for presence is a constant."},{"startTime":921.39,"endTime":924.93,"body":"What changes, all that changes,"},{"startTime":924.93,"endTime":927.54,"body":"is the sophistication of the hardware,"},{"startTime":927.54,"endTime":930.72,"body":"the reliance on computing and IT,"},{"startTime":930.72,"endTime":933.87,"body":"and the extent to which"},{"startTime":930.72,"endTime":933.87,"body":"technological developments"},{"startTime":933.87,"endTime":936.81,"body":"promise to heighten the intensity"},{"startTime":936.81,"endTime":940.233,"body":"of those emotional and physical reactions."},{"startTime":941.64,"endTime":944.7,"body":"Headsets dominate current developments,"},{"startTime":944.7,"endTime":949.41,"body":"in AR, VR and MR, Mixed Reality,"},{"startTime":949.41,"endTime":952.92,"body":"which projects 3D models and spaces"},{"startTime":952.92,"endTime":955.83,"body":"into the wearer's physical environment."},{"startTime":955.83,"endTime":959.73,"body":"MR headsets such as Microsoft's HoloLens,"},{"startTime":959.73,"endTime":961.44,"body":"in the center here,"},{"startTime":961.44,"endTime":966.36,"body":"and AR glasses such as Google"},{"startTime":961.44,"endTime":966.36,"body":"Glass, are already used,"},{"startTime":966.36,"endTime":969.66,"body":"in industries like"},{"startTime":966.36,"endTime":969.66,"body":"manufacturing and healthcare,"},{"startTime":969.66,"endTime":972.573,"body":"where workers need to"},{"startTime":969.66,"endTime":972.573,"body":"have their hands free."},{"startTime":973.86,"endTime":977.64,"body":"On the top row here we can"},{"startTime":973.86,"endTime":977.64,"body":"see a a number of VR headsets."},{"startTime":977.64,"endTime":982.64,"body":"We've got PlayStation,"},{"startTime":977.64,"endTime":982.64,"body":"Meta, and HTC variants."},{"startTime":983.13,"endTime":985.08,"body":"According to one estimate,"},{"startTime":985.08,"endTime":988.98,"body":"and it's based on devices"},{"startTime":985.08,"endTime":988.98,"body":"delivered in 2019,"},{"startTime":988.98,"endTime":993.98,"body":"there are 171 million people"},{"startTime":988.98,"endTime":993.98,"body":"using VR around the world."},{"startTime":996.39,"endTime":1000.08,"body":"So there's clearly some way"},{"startTime":996.39,"endTime":1000.08,"body":"to go to world domination,"},{"startTime":1000.08,"endTime":1004.283,"body":"but equally that's not a"},{"startTime":1000.08,"endTime":1004.283,"body":"negligible number of people, is it?"},{"startTime":1005.12,"endTime":1006.59,"body":"The most recent release,"},{"startTime":1006.59,"endTime":1008.53,"body":"which is in the bottom"},{"startTime":1006.59,"endTime":1008.53,"body":"right of the screen,"},{"startTime":1008.53,"endTime":1012.92,"body":"is the Meta Quest Pro. That's"},{"startTime":1008.53,"endTime":1012.92,"body":"a mixed reality headset."},{"startTime":1012.92,"endTime":1016.1,"body":"It was announced just"},{"startTime":1012.92,"endTime":1016.1,"body":"a couple of weeks ago."},{"startTime":1016.1,"endTime":1019.31,"body":"Some of you may have noticed"},{"startTime":1016.1,"endTime":1019.31,"body":"that Apple is missing"},{"startTime":1019.31,"endTime":1022.1,"body":"from this lineup and"},{"startTime":1019.31,"endTime":1022.1,"body":"missing from the screen."},{"startTime":1022.1,"endTime":1024.02,"body":"They're rumored to be releasing"},{"startTime":1024.02,"endTime":1028.37,"body":"an MR, a mixed reality,"},{"startTime":1024.02,"endTime":1028.37,"body":"headset next year, 2023,"},{"startTime":1028.37,"endTime":1033.37,"body":"and AR glasses in either '24 or '25."},{"startTime":1033.56,"endTime":1037.55,"body":"And we can speculate I"},{"startTime":1033.56,"endTime":1037.55,"body":"think with some confidence,"},{"startTime":1037.55,"endTime":1041.87,"body":"that whatever Apple launches"},{"startTime":1037.55,"endTime":1041.87,"body":"will aim to be lighter,"},{"startTime":1041.87,"endTime":1046.07,"body":"simpler to use, and better"},{"startTime":1041.87,"endTime":1046.07,"body":"looking than its competitors."},{"startTime":1046.07,"endTime":1051.07,"body":"They could be the tipping point"},{"startTime":1046.07,"endTime":1051.07,"body":"for mass consumer adoption,"},{"startTime":1053.15,"endTime":1055.25,"body":"As well as creating a sense of presence,"},{"startTime":1055.25,"endTime":1058.97,"body":"through what the user"},{"startTime":1055.25,"endTime":1058.97,"body":"can see and can hear,"},{"startTime":1058.97,"endTime":1060.8,"body":"technology is in development"},{"startTime":1060.8,"endTime":1065.8,"body":"that engages sensors"},{"startTime":1060.8,"endTime":1065.8,"body":"hitherto underused online."},{"startTime":1065.87,"endTime":1068.93,"body":"So at least one company"},{"startTime":1065.87,"endTime":1068.93,"body":"is working on a device"},{"startTime":1068.93,"endTime":1072.83,"body":"to emit fragrances in virtual worlds."},{"startTime":1072.83,"endTime":1074.15,"body":"Older members of the audience,"},{"startTime":1074.15,"endTime":1078.86,"body":"you may remember the BBC's"},{"startTime":1074.15,"endTime":1078.86,"body":"April Fool's joke in the 1960s"},{"startTime":1078.86,"endTime":1081.65,"body":"when it claimed to have"},{"startTime":1078.86,"endTime":1081.65,"body":"invented Smell-O-Vision."},{"startTime":1081.65,"endTime":1085.22,"body":"Such is the strength of the"},{"startTime":1081.65,"endTime":1085.22,"body":"links between our senses,"},{"startTime":1085.22,"endTime":1087.47,"body":"that viewers called the BBC,"},{"startTime":1087.47,"endTime":1090.92,"body":"convinced that they had smelled"},{"startTime":1087.47,"endTime":1090.92,"body":"the onions and the coffee"},{"startTime":1090.92,"endTime":1092.48,"body":"shown on screen."},{"startTime":1092.48,"endTime":1095.39,"body":"So in order for us to feel really,"},{"startTime":1095.39,"endTime":1098.33,"body":"really there, in a virtual environment,"},{"startTime":1098.33,"endTime":1101.63,"body":"it is logical for us to try to engage"},{"startTime":1101.63,"endTime":1103.943,"body":"all five of our senses."},{"startTime":1105.26,"endTime":1107.78,"body":"So then what about taste?"},{"startTime":1107.78,"endTime":1109.13,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":1109.13,"endTime":1112.22,"body":"researchers at the Meiji"},{"startTime":1109.13,"endTime":1112.22,"body":"University in Tokyo"},{"startTime":1112.22,"endTime":1115.79,"body":"have designed a lickable TV screen"},{"startTime":1115.79,"endTime":1120.44,"body":"that mimics food flavors"},{"startTime":1115.79,"endTime":1120.44,"body":"such as chocolate, and pizza."},{"startTime":1120.44,"endTime":1121.88,"body":"Staying around the mouth,"},{"startTime":1121.88,"endTime":1125.75,"body":"researchers at Carnegie"},{"startTime":1121.88,"endTime":1125.75,"body":"Mellon University in the US,"},{"startTime":1125.75,"endTime":1127.55,"body":"have invented a device"},{"startTime":1127.55,"endTime":1130.61,"body":"that creates sensations on the lips,"},{"startTime":1130.61,"endTime":1131.933,"body":"like kissing,"},{"startTime":1132.77,"endTime":1133.613,"body":"excellent,"},{"startTime":1134.81,"endTime":1136.223,"body":"brushing one's teeth,"},{"startTime":1137.48,"endTime":1139.037,"body":"okay,"},{"startTime":1139.037,"endTime":1142.823,"body":"and the unequivocally horrific spiders."},{"startTime":1143.93,"endTime":1146.6,"body":"Yes, it is already possible,"},{"startTime":1146.6,"endTime":1149.81,"body":"to feel virtual spiders on your mouth,"},{"startTime":1149.81,"endTime":1151.523,"body":"if you've ever wanted to."},{"startTime":1153.11,"endTime":1155.48,"body":"Some of the most exciting developments"},{"startTime":1155.48,"endTime":1159.86,"body":"are in this area of"},{"startTime":1155.48,"endTime":1159.86,"body":"touch, haptic technology."},{"startTime":1159.86,"endTime":1163.61,"body":"Tactile sensors capture"},{"startTime":1159.86,"endTime":1163.61,"body":"the movements of a user,"},{"startTime":1163.61,"endTime":1167.84,"body":"and feed vibrations or"},{"startTime":1163.61,"endTime":1167.84,"body":"resistance back to them."},{"startTime":1167.84,"endTime":1171.86,"body":"And many of us actually"},{"startTime":1167.84,"endTime":1171.86,"body":"routinely experience this"},{"startTime":1171.86,"endTime":1173.78,"body":"without realizing it."},{"startTime":1173.78,"endTime":1176.66,"body":"So if you have an iPhone,"},{"startTime":1176.66,"endTime":1178.7,"body":"the same setting that allows you"},{"startTime":1178.7,"endTime":1183.26,"body":"to turn the sound of typing"},{"startTime":1178.7,"endTime":1183.26,"body":"on the keyboard on and off,"},{"startTime":1183.26,"endTime":1186.59,"body":"also allows you to set"},{"startTime":1183.26,"endTime":1186.59,"body":"the keyboard to vibrate"},{"startTime":1186.59,"endTime":1188.21,"body":"when you touch it."},{"startTime":1188.21,"endTime":1189.77,"body":"That's haptics."},{"startTime":1189.77,"endTime":1193.04,"body":"Some game controllers"},{"startTime":1189.77,"endTime":1193.04,"body":"incorporate vibrations,"},{"startTime":1193.04,"endTime":1195.5,"body":"that correspond to certain actions"},{"startTime":1195.5,"endTime":1199.37,"body":"such as firing a weapon,"},{"startTime":1195.5,"endTime":1199.37,"body":"picking up an object,"},{"startTime":1199.37,"endTime":1202.1,"body":"or steering a vehicle."},{"startTime":1202.1,"endTime":1207.1,"body":"Haptics promise to take us"},{"startTime":1202.1,"endTime":1207.1,"body":"though, far further than that."},{"startTime":1207.38,"endTime":1211.67,"body":"Several companies have patented"},{"startTime":1207.38,"endTime":1211.67,"body":"designs for haptic gloves"},{"startTime":1211.67,"endTime":1215.99,"body":"that allow the wearer to feel"},{"startTime":1211.67,"endTime":1215.99,"body":"resistance and extension,"},{"startTime":1215.99,"endTime":1220.133,"body":"as if they are really reaching"},{"startTime":1215.99,"endTime":1220.133,"body":"out to touch something."},{"startTime":1221.03,"endTime":1222.65,"body":"Disney has partnered"},{"startTime":1222.65,"endTime":1224.96,"body":"with the Massachusetts"},{"startTime":1222.65,"endTime":1224.96,"body":"Institute of Technology"},{"startTime":1224.96,"endTime":1229.96,"body":"to develop the Force Jacket"},{"startTime":1224.96,"endTime":1229.96,"body":"whose internal airbags"},{"startTime":1230.03,"endTime":1234.32,"body":"enable the wearer to feel a hug, a punch,"},{"startTime":1234.32,"endTime":1236.51,"body":"the sensation of rain,"},{"startTime":1236.51,"endTime":1240.053,"body":"and even a snake slithering"},{"startTime":1236.51,"endTime":1240.053,"body":"across their body."},{"startTime":1241.16,"endTime":1243.95,"body":"South Korea's bHaptics here on screen,"},{"startTime":1243.95,"endTime":1246.38,"body":"they combine vests with hardware"},{"startTime":1246.38,"endTime":1251.38,"body":"for hands, arms, and feet"},{"startTime":1246.38,"endTime":1251.38,"body":"for a whole body experience."},{"startTime":1251.57,"endTime":1255.29,"body":"And Teslasuit on the right"},{"startTime":1251.57,"endTime":1255.29,"body":"here based in the UK,"},{"startTime":1255.29,"endTime":1260.15,"body":"has integrated haptics based"},{"startTime":1255.29,"endTime":1260.15,"body":"on electrical stimulation,"},{"startTime":1260.15,"endTime":1262.46,"body":"motion capture and biometrics,"},{"startTime":1262.46,"endTime":1266.243,"body":"all in a full bodysuit"},{"startTime":1262.46,"endTime":1266.243,"body":"rather like a wetsuit."},{"startTime":1267.23,"endTime":1269.66,"body":"As with everything"},{"startTime":1267.23,"endTime":1269.66,"body":"related to the internet,"},{"startTime":1269.66,"endTime":1271.67,"body":"the adult entertainment industry"},{"startTime":1271.67,"endTime":1275.36,"body":"has been at the forefront"},{"startTime":1271.67,"endTime":1275.36,"body":"of innovation in this area."},{"startTime":1275.36,"endTime":1280.07,"body":"People inevitably want to have sex in VR,"},{"startTime":1280.07,"endTime":1283.58,"body":"and there are devices"},{"startTime":1280.07,"endTime":1283.58,"body":"already on the open market"},{"startTime":1283.58,"endTime":1286.22,"body":"that enable them to do just that."},{"startTime":1286.22,"endTime":1288.72,"body":"Ask me afterwards, if you"},{"startTime":1286.22,"endTime":1288.72,"body":"would like to know more."},{"startTime":1290.33,"endTime":1292.46,"body":"Just as our current virtual worlds"},{"startTime":1292.46,"endTime":1295.16,"body":"may contain fantasy based elements,"},{"startTime":1295.16,"endTime":1297.5,"body":"so too the metaverse promises"},{"startTime":1297.5,"endTime":1301.28,"body":"to give us brand new sensations."},{"startTime":1301.28,"endTime":1302.51,"body":"For instance,"},{"startTime":1302.51,"endTime":1307.34,"body":"no one alive knows what"},{"startTime":1302.51,"endTime":1307.34,"body":"a dodos call sounds like,"},{"startTime":1307.34,"endTime":1310.25,"body":"and we have no recordings."},{"startTime":1310.25,"endTime":1313.82,"body":"A few of us claim to have"},{"startTime":1310.25,"endTime":1313.82,"body":"seen the Loch Ness monster,"},{"startTime":1313.82,"endTime":1315.89,"body":"but none of us knows how it feels"},{"startTime":1315.89,"endTime":1318.923,"body":"to stroke her for she"},{"startTime":1315.89,"endTime":1318.923,"body":"is a \"she\", isn't she?"},{"startTime":1320.06,"endTime":1323.42,"body":"As the CEO of an old"},{"startTime":1320.06,"endTime":1323.42,"body":"factory tech company mused"},{"startTime":1323.42,"endTime":1325.047,"body":"in a recent interview,"},{"startTime":1325.047,"endTime":1330.02,"body":"\"What does a unicorn smell"},{"startTime":1325.047,"endTime":1330.02,"body":"like? We get to invent that.\""},{"startTime":1330.02,"endTime":1332.69,"body":"Well, in case you are"},{"startTime":1330.02,"endTime":1332.69,"body":"watching Mr. Vishnevsky,"},{"startTime":1332.69,"endTime":1336.77,"body":"I reckon it's probably an equal"},{"startTime":1332.69,"endTime":1336.77,"body":"mixture of two ingredients,"},{"startTime":1336.77,"endTime":1339.113,"body":"horse and bubble gum."},{"startTime":1341.66,"endTime":1344.51,"body":"In its less playful applications,"},{"startTime":1344.51,"endTime":1347.63,"body":"VR is already enabling us to do things"},{"startTime":1347.63,"endTime":1350.75,"body":"that were hitherto impossible."},{"startTime":1350.75,"endTime":1353.03,"body":"Where previously we might have physically"},{"startTime":1353.03,"endTime":1356.75,"body":"put our whole bodies inside a simulator,"},{"startTime":1356.75,"endTime":1359.48,"body":"we can now enter simulated environments"},{"startTime":1359.48,"endTime":1363.833,"body":"using just headsets and"},{"startTime":1359.48,"endTime":1363.833,"body":"other hardware extensions."},{"startTime":1364.97,"endTime":1367.58,"body":"People can now train more effectively,"},{"startTime":1367.58,"endTime":1370.88,"body":"while minimizing the"},{"startTime":1367.58,"endTime":1370.88,"body":"risk of real world harm."},{"startTime":1370.88,"endTime":1371.713,"body":"For example,"},{"startTime":1371.713,"endTime":1376.58,"body":"the Norwegian army has been"},{"startTime":1371.713,"endTime":1376.58,"body":"using VR headsets since 2014,"},{"startTime":1376.58,"endTime":1378.5,"body":"so quite a long time now,"},{"startTime":1378.5,"endTime":1382.43,"body":"to improve the peripheral"},{"startTime":1378.5,"endTime":1382.43,"body":"vision of its tank drivers"},{"startTime":1382.43,"endTime":1385.193,"body":"to literally see around corners."},{"startTime":1386.03,"endTime":1388.94,"body":"The related concept of digital twinning,"},{"startTime":1388.94,"endTime":1393.53,"body":"creating a copy of a system"},{"startTime":1388.94,"endTime":1393.53,"body":"that only exists in data,"},{"startTime":1393.53,"endTime":1395.54,"body":"has also been around for a while,"},{"startTime":1395.54,"endTime":1399.23,"body":"particularly in the area"},{"startTime":1395.54,"endTime":1399.23,"body":"of critical infrastructure."},{"startTime":1399.23,"endTime":1401.51,"body":"Testing the outcomes of a scenario,"},{"startTime":1401.51,"endTime":1405.23,"body":"or of environmental or process change,"},{"startTime":1405.23,"endTime":1408.35,"body":"helps to prevent planes"},{"startTime":1405.23,"endTime":1408.35,"body":"crashing into each other,"},{"startTime":1408.35,"endTime":1411.62,"body":"or nuclear reactors going into meltdown."},{"startTime":1411.62,"endTime":1414.59,"body":"But with the addition of virtual reality,"},{"startTime":1414.59,"endTime":1419.36,"body":"workers can actually enter a"},{"startTime":1414.59,"endTime":1419.36,"body":"digital version of a reactor,"},{"startTime":1419.36,"endTime":1421.613,"body":"and safely interact with it."},{"startTime":1423.32,"endTime":1428.32,"body":"We're also seeing already"},{"startTime":1423.32,"endTime":1428.32,"body":"life-changing and life saving"},{"startTime":1428.93,"endTime":1431.69,"body":"applications in healthcare."},{"startTime":1431.69,"endTime":1434.21,"body":"And every time, is quite"},{"startTime":1431.69,"endTime":1434.21,"body":"distracting this video,"},{"startTime":1434.21,"endTime":1435.62,"body":"because every time I see it,"},{"startTime":1435.62,"endTime":1437.993,"body":"I am absolutely gobsmacked by it."},{"startTime":1439.01,"endTime":1440.27,"body":"Earlier this year,"},{"startTime":1440.27,"endTime":1443.09,"body":"the Gemini team at Great"},{"startTime":1440.27,"endTime":1443.09,"body":"Ormond Street Hospital,"},{"startTime":1443.09,"endTime":1445.94,"body":"led by Dr. Owase Jeelani,"},{"startTime":1445.94,"endTime":1450.38,"body":"separated three year old conjoined twins,"},{"startTime":1450.38,"endTime":1453.17,"body":"with fused skulls,"},{"startTime":1453.17,"endTime":1458.12,"body":"intertwined brains, and"},{"startTime":1453.17,"endTime":1458.12,"body":"shared blood vessels."},{"startTime":1458.12,"endTime":1461.87,"body":"3D modeling here, and use of VR,"},{"startTime":1461.87,"endTime":1464.36,"body":"enabled the team to perform a procedure,"},{"startTime":1464.36,"endTime":1467.45,"body":"previously thought impossible."},{"startTime":1467.45,"endTime":1470.18,"body":"With teams in London and Rio de Janeiro,"},{"startTime":1470.18,"endTime":1474.2,"body":"trialing techniques and"},{"startTime":1470.18,"endTime":1474.2,"body":"practicing the procedure"},{"startTime":1474.2,"endTime":1476.39,"body":"in the same virtual room."},{"startTime":1476.39,"endTime":1477.223,"body":"I'm getting, sorry,"},{"startTime":1477.223,"endTime":1479.0,"body":"I'm getting goosebumps talking about this,"},{"startTime":1479.0,"endTime":1484.0,"body":"because it is nothing short of amazing."},{"startTime":1484.01,"endTime":1487.4,"body":"I am brimming over with admiration."},{"startTime":1487.4,"endTime":1489.68,"body":"Imagine having the courage"},{"startTime":1489.68,"endTime":1491.96,"body":"to perform a procedure like this"},{"startTime":1491.96,"endTime":1493.94,"body":"however much you'd practiced."},{"startTime":1493.94,"endTime":1498.74,"body":"This is absolutely, it's kind"},{"startTime":1493.94,"endTime":1498.74,"body":"of I'm gobsmacked, as I say,"},{"startTime":1498.74,"endTime":1500.753,"body":"every time I see this video."},{"startTime":1502.64,"endTime":1505.64,"body":"We're also beginning to see"},{"startTime":1502.64,"endTime":1505.64,"body":"the results of therapeutic use"},{"startTime":1505.64,"endTime":1508.79,"body":"of VR in primary care."},{"startTime":1508.79,"endTime":1511.16,"body":"The benefits for psychological therapy,"},{"startTime":1511.16,"endTime":1514.43,"body":"don't only extend to being able to reach"},{"startTime":1514.43,"endTime":1517.55,"body":"more people, more often."},{"startTime":1517.55,"endTime":1520.31,"body":"Successful trials used to treat"},{"startTime":1520.31,"endTime":1523.22,"body":"conditions such as agoraphobia,"},{"startTime":1523.22,"endTime":1526.76,"body":"to combat social isolation"},{"startTime":1523.22,"endTime":1526.76,"body":"among the elderly,"},{"startTime":1526.76,"endTime":1531.76,"body":"and to help dementia patients"},{"startTime":1526.76,"endTime":1531.76,"body":"recall past memories,"},{"startTime":1531.92,"endTime":1534.77,"body":"all promise that immersive"},{"startTime":1531.92,"endTime":1534.77,"body":"environments will bring"},{"startTime":1534.77,"endTime":1538.643,"body":"improvements to our health"},{"startTime":1534.77,"endTime":1538.643,"body":"and to our wellbeing."},{"startTime":1539.63,"endTime":1543.17,"body":"And that ability to generate"},{"startTime":1539.63,"endTime":1543.17,"body":"a feeling of presence,"},{"startTime":1543.17,"endTime":1546.95,"body":"means that VR is also"},{"startTime":1543.17,"endTime":1546.95,"body":"a powerful technology"},{"startTime":1546.95,"endTime":1549.08,"body":"for generating empathy."},{"startTime":1549.08,"endTime":1551.3,"body":"This is \"Clouds Over Sidra\"."},{"startTime":1551.3,"endTime":1553.82,"body":"It was co-produced by the United Nations,"},{"startTime":1553.82,"endTime":1557.15,"body":"and it's one of several"},{"startTime":1553.82,"endTime":1557.15,"body":"immersive experiences"},{"startTime":1557.15,"endTime":1558.83,"body":"that allowed the viewer to see life,"},{"startTime":1558.83,"endTime":1562.13,"body":"from the perspective of a refugee."},{"startTime":1562.13,"endTime":1565.49,"body":"In 2015 members of the"},{"startTime":1562.13,"endTime":1565.49,"body":"UN General Assembly,"},{"startTime":1565.49,"endTime":1569.39,"body":"nearly 200 of them were"},{"startTime":1565.49,"endTime":1569.39,"body":"given cardboard headsets,"},{"startTime":1569.39,"endTime":1572.57,"body":"to experience 12 year old Sidra's life,"},{"startTime":1572.57,"endTime":1575.813,"body":"in the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan."},{"startTime":1576.71,"endTime":1579.29,"body":"In the UK, the Alzheimer's Society,"},{"startTime":1579.29,"endTime":1581.69,"body":"has released \"A Walk Through Dementia\","},{"startTime":1581.69,"endTime":1584.33,"body":"and that's a series of short VR movies,"},{"startTime":1584.33,"endTime":1587.45,"body":"that puts all of us in the shoes,"},{"startTime":1587.45,"endTime":1590.06,"body":"of someone who is"},{"startTime":1587.45,"endTime":1590.06,"body":"suffering from the syndrome"},{"startTime":1590.06,"endTime":1593.0,"body":"in everyday environments such as the home,"},{"startTime":1593.0,"endTime":1595.643,"body":"the supermarket, and on the street."},{"startTime":1597.11,"endTime":1599.27,"body":"Now the COVID pandemic is seen"},{"startTime":1599.27,"endTime":1603.35,"body":"as having accelerated a"},{"startTime":1599.27,"endTime":1603.35,"body":"move to remote working,"},{"startTime":1603.35,"endTime":1605.51,"body":"which has brought its own technical,"},{"startTime":1605.51,"endTime":1609.38,"body":"operational, and security challenges."},{"startTime":1609.38,"endTime":1610.235,"body":"But as much as we found Zoom, and Teams,"},{"startTime":1610.235,"endTime":1615.05,"body":"to be lifelines in lockdown,"},{"startTime":1615.05,"endTime":1619.43,"body":"we also found that they"},{"startTime":1615.05,"endTime":1619.43,"body":"weren't quite enough."},{"startTime":1619.43,"endTime":1621.29,"body":"That while families and friends"},{"startTime":1621.29,"endTime":1622.88,"body":"were able to connect with each other"},{"startTime":1622.88,"endTime":1626.24,"body":"over virtual drinks and for celebrations,"},{"startTime":1626.24,"endTime":1629.753,"body":"they were still very much apart."},{"startTime":1630.654,"endTime":1634.37,"body":"IT enabled core business to continue,"},{"startTime":1634.37,"endTime":1636.86,"body":"but not quite as usual."},{"startTime":1636.86,"endTime":1639.71,"body":"Organizations of all types and sizes"},{"startTime":1639.71,"endTime":1643.52,"body":"missed opportunities to"},{"startTime":1639.71,"endTime":1643.52,"body":"collaborate outside meetings"},{"startTime":1643.52,"endTime":1646.94,"body":"and for the creativity and the camaraderie"},{"startTime":1646.94,"endTime":1649.37,"body":"that comes through happenstance,"},{"startTime":1649.37,"endTime":1651.26,"body":"what has come to be known in business,"},{"startTime":1651.26,"endTime":1654.44,"body":"as the \"water cooler moment\"."},{"startTime":1654.44,"endTime":1657.71,"body":"Trust is also difficult to build remotely."},{"startTime":1657.71,"endTime":1658.88,"body":"And this is something"},{"startTime":1658.88,"endTime":1662.24,"body":"that diplomats and politicians"},{"startTime":1658.88,"endTime":1662.24,"body":"really struggled with"},{"startTime":1662.24,"endTime":1663.95,"body":"during the pandemic."},{"startTime":1663.95,"endTime":1666.77,"body":"Think about it, on Zoom, or on Teams,"},{"startTime":1666.77,"endTime":1669.89,"body":"there's no way to whisper to a colleague,"},{"startTime":1669.89,"endTime":1673.7,"body":"without noticeably having to go on mute,"},{"startTime":1673.7,"endTime":1676.82,"body":"and there's no opportunity"},{"startTime":1673.7,"endTime":1676.82,"body":"to exchange information"},{"startTime":1676.82,"endTime":1680.39,"body":"in the corridors around a meeting venue."},{"startTime":1680.39,"endTime":1683.06,"body":"But in the metaverse,"},{"startTime":1680.39,"endTime":1683.06,"body":"so the thinking goes,"},{"startTime":1683.06,"endTime":1686.63,"body":"we will be able to"},{"startTime":1683.06,"endTime":1686.63,"body":"create different spaces,"},{"startTime":1686.63,"endTime":1690.14,"body":"with different levels"},{"startTime":1686.63,"endTime":1690.14,"body":"of access and privacy"},{"startTime":1690.14,"endTime":1693.563,"body":"that take us beyond heads in boxes."},{"startTime":1694.79,"endTime":1697.97,"body":"Now in my research, I get to imagine,"},{"startTime":1697.97,"endTime":1701.69,"body":"how people might use"},{"startTime":1697.97,"endTime":1701.69,"body":"technology in the future,"},{"startTime":1701.69,"endTime":1704.21,"body":"and I get to identify potential benefits,"},{"startTime":1704.21,"endTime":1707.36,"body":"but also potential risks."},{"startTime":1707.36,"endTime":1709.91,"body":"The intention in doing that isn't so much"},{"startTime":1709.91,"endTime":1713.96,"body":"to make specific predictions"},{"startTime":1709.91,"endTime":1713.96,"body":"within a specific timeframe."},{"startTime":1713.96,"endTime":1718.1,"body":"That's fraught with danger"},{"startTime":1713.96,"endTime":1718.1,"body":"because so many different factors"},{"startTime":1718.1,"endTime":1720.59,"body":"can be difficult to foresee."},{"startTime":1720.59,"endTime":1725.3,"body":"But by considering how"},{"startTime":1720.59,"endTime":1725.3,"body":"metaverse technologies,"},{"startTime":1725.3,"endTime":1729.8,"body":"might be used, and indeed, misused,"},{"startTime":1729.8,"endTime":1733.91,"body":"in all of these aspects"},{"startTime":1729.8,"endTime":1733.91,"body":"of society and more"},{"startTime":1733.91,"endTime":1737.18,"body":"by, for instance, 2030,"},{"startTime":1737.18,"endTime":1741.14,"body":"we can consider the"},{"startTime":1737.18,"endTime":1741.14,"body":"steps that take us there"},{"startTime":1741.14,"endTime":1744.203,"body":"and any potential barriers to it."},{"startTime":1745.76,"endTime":1750.76,"body":"Hardware that people want"},{"startTime":1745.76,"endTime":1750.76,"body":"to use and be seen using,"},{"startTime":1750.95,"endTime":1753.08,"body":"will certainly be a key driver"},{"startTime":1753.08,"endTime":1755.99,"body":"for mass adoption of"},{"startTime":1753.08,"endTime":1755.99,"body":"metaverse technologies."},{"startTime":1755.99,"endTime":1759.92,"body":"But so will having identities or avatars,"},{"startTime":1759.92,"endTime":1764.92,"body":"that reflect how people want"},{"startTime":1759.92,"endTime":1764.92,"body":"to be seen in virtual worlds."},{"startTime":1765.29,"endTime":1767.42,"body":"If there are different metaverses,"},{"startTime":1767.42,"endTime":1769.61,"body":"they will need to be interoperable,"},{"startTime":1769.61,"endTime":1772.22,"body":"and our identities portable,"},{"startTime":1772.22,"endTime":1776.09,"body":"so that we can have similar"},{"startTime":1772.22,"endTime":1776.09,"body":"avatars in different worlds,"},{"startTime":1776.09,"endTime":1780.8,"body":"the same designer outfit,"},{"startTime":1776.09,"endTime":1780.8,"body":"the same branded trainers."},{"startTime":1780.8,"endTime":1784.55,"body":"And that sophistication"},{"startTime":1780.8,"endTime":1784.55,"body":"seems quite far away,"},{"startTime":1784.55,"endTime":1787.84,"body":"when what the major platforms"},{"startTime":1784.55,"endTime":1787.84,"body":"promise us right now"},{"startTime":1787.84,"endTime":1790.853,"body":"is something rather like this."},{"startTime":1792.38,"endTime":1795.86,"body":"Particularly in our workplace metaverses,"},{"startTime":1795.86,"endTime":1800.86,"body":"we'll probably want more"},{"startTime":1795.86,"endTime":1800.86,"body":"lifelike avatars. (chuckles)"},{"startTime":1801.89,"endTime":1806.423,"body":"What about if we all"},{"startTime":1801.89,"endTime":1806.423,"body":"had something like this?"},{"startTime":1810.29,"endTime":1813.05,"body":"This pleases me greatly"},{"startTime":1810.29,"endTime":1813.05,"body":"to look at this video."},{"startTime":1813.05,"endTime":1816.89,"body":"I can't tell you. I was saying"},{"startTime":1813.05,"endTime":1816.89,"body":"to some of the folks earlier,"},{"startTime":1816.89,"endTime":1820.79,"body":"it's a little bit like the"},{"startTime":1816.89,"endTime":1820.79,"body":"first time you hear yourself"},{"startTime":1820.79,"endTime":1822.86,"body":"in a voicemail or an answer phone message"},{"startTime":1822.86,"endTime":1826.697,"body":"and you think, \"Gosh, do"},{"startTime":1822.86,"endTime":1826.697,"body":"I really sound like that?\""},{"startTime":1826.697,"endTime":1828.17,"body":"You can imagine when you see something"},{"startTime":1828.17,"endTime":1830.667,"body":"like this for the first"},{"startTime":1828.17,"endTime":1830.667,"body":"time, my first thought was,"},{"startTime":1830.667,"endTime":1832.659,"body":"\"Gosh, is that what I look like?"},{"startTime":1832.659,"endTime":1836.24,"body":"Is that what I look like"},{"startTime":1832.659,"endTime":1836.24,"body":"from the back?\" (laughs)"},{"startTime":1836.24,"endTime":1838.85,"body":"But it is, I think, I"},{"startTime":1836.24,"endTime":1838.85,"body":"don't know about you."},{"startTime":1838.85,"endTime":1841.67,"body":"I think it's slightly"},{"startTime":1838.85,"endTime":1841.67,"body":"more realistic, isn't it?"},{"startTime":1841.67,"endTime":1845.15,"body":"It's the kind of identity"},{"startTime":1841.67,"endTime":1845.15,"body":"that I could take"},{"startTime":1845.15,"endTime":1847.49,"body":"into an immersive board meeting,"},{"startTime":1847.49,"endTime":1850.91,"body":"or to deliver a lecture in the metaverse"},{"startTime":1850.91,"endTime":1854.48,"body":"and be recognizably me,"},{"startTime":1854.48,"endTime":1856.49,"body":"with sufficient proof of ownership,"},{"startTime":1856.49,"endTime":1858.8,"body":"and non fungible token, for example,"},{"startTime":1858.8,"endTime":1861.89,"body":"recorded on a blockchain ledger, perhaps."},{"startTime":1861.89,"endTime":1864.35,"body":"I could, potentially,"},{"startTime":1864.35,"endTime":1868.34,"body":"use it to access government"},{"startTime":1864.35,"endTime":1868.34,"body":"services, healthcare,"},{"startTime":1868.34,"endTime":1869.813,"body":"do paid work."},{"startTime":1871.16,"endTime":1875.99,"body":"Now, I should say this is"},{"startTime":1871.16,"endTime":1875.99,"body":"a 3D scan of my entire body"},{"startTime":1875.99,"endTime":1878.51,"body":"produced by professionals"},{"startTime":1875.99,"endTime":1878.51,"body":"who normally do this"},{"startTime":1878.51,"endTime":1880.34,"body":"for the movie industry."},{"startTime":1880.34,"endTime":1881.173,"body":"And to be honest,"},{"startTime":1881.173,"endTime":1883.52,"body":"I do find it rather jaw"},{"startTime":1881.173,"endTime":1883.52,"body":"dropping to look at,"},{"startTime":1883.52,"endTime":1888.1,"body":"so much so, that I'm going to"},{"startTime":1883.52,"endTime":1888.1,"body":"play it again because I can."},{"startTime":1888.1,"endTime":1890.54,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"startTime":1890.54,"endTime":1895.07,"body":"- Companies like BGA here,"},{"startTime":1890.54,"endTime":1895.07,"body":"have started scanning people,"},{"startTime":1895.07,"endTime":1899.6,"body":"animals, and objects into virtual worlds."},{"startTime":1899.6,"endTime":1900.71,"body":"And it was, I have to say,"},{"startTime":1900.71,"endTime":1904.58,"body":"it was hugely exciting"},{"startTime":1900.71,"endTime":1904.58,"body":"to see how they do this."},{"startTime":1904.58,"endTime":1908.81,"body":"But it is also, as you can"},{"startTime":1904.58,"endTime":1908.81,"body":"tell, quite unforgiving."},{"startTime":1908.81,"endTime":1912.53,"body":"It's a rendering of exactly how I looked,"},{"startTime":1912.53,"endTime":1915.14,"body":"when the data was captured."},{"startTime":1915.14,"endTime":1918.2,"body":"On that day, I was slightly concerned,"},{"startTime":1918.2,"endTime":1920.24,"body":"I was slightly concerned, firstly,"},{"startTime":1920.24,"endTime":1923.213,"body":"about whether it would pick"},{"startTime":1920.24,"endTime":1923.213,"body":"up the bags under my eyes."},{"startTime":1924.05,"endTime":1927.11,"body":"I was also quite concerned"},{"startTime":1924.05,"endTime":1927.11,"body":"that they had six projectors,"},{"startTime":1927.11,"endTime":1929.93,"body":"and I did wonder whether"},{"startTime":1927.11,"endTime":1929.93,"body":"those six projectors"},{"startTime":1929.93,"endTime":1932.693,"body":"would add 10 pounds or 60 pounds."},{"startTime":1934.4,"endTime":1938.18,"body":"Now people already touch"},{"startTime":1934.4,"endTime":1938.18,"body":"up their appearance"},{"startTime":1938.18,"endTime":1940.91,"body":"with filters on social media."},{"startTime":1940.91,"endTime":1943.37,"body":"So it's entirely plausible, isn't it,"},{"startTime":1943.37,"endTime":1947.24,"body":"that they will want to"},{"startTime":1943.37,"endTime":1947.24,"body":"do so in the metaverse."},{"startTime":1947.24,"endTime":1949.67,"body":"And the acceptable thresholds for that,"},{"startTime":1949.67,"endTime":1953.96,"body":"how idealized or unlike myself,"},{"startTime":1953.96,"endTime":1958.67,"body":"my avatar is permitted to"},{"startTime":1953.96,"endTime":1958.67,"body":"be, are yet to be said."},{"startTime":1958.67,"endTime":1962.03,"body":"If levels of trust, are to some extent,"},{"startTime":1962.03,"endTime":1963.74,"body":"determined by one's being"},{"startTime":1963.74,"endTime":1967.88,"body":"identifiable, and recognizable as oneself,"},{"startTime":1967.88,"endTime":1971.843,"body":"we may need to review our"},{"startTime":1967.88,"endTime":1971.843,"body":"indicators for fakery."},{"startTime":1972.68,"endTime":1976.1,"body":"An avatar, this compelling"},{"startTime":1972.68,"endTime":1976.1,"body":"also has a value"},{"startTime":1976.1,"endTime":1977.78,"body":"beyond its purchase price."},{"startTime":1977.78,"endTime":1980.33,"body":"Not because I'm anyone special,"},{"startTime":1980.33,"endTime":1984.92,"body":"but because it provides access"},{"startTime":1980.33,"endTime":1984.92,"body":"to other spaces and services,"},{"startTime":1984.92,"endTime":1986.243,"body":"in my name."},{"startTime":1987.17,"endTime":1989.12,"body":"Unauthorized access to a meeting,"},{"startTime":1989.12,"endTime":1992.75,"body":"what's become known as Zoom"},{"startTime":1989.12,"endTime":1992.75,"body":"bombing in recent years,"},{"startTime":1992.75,"endTime":1995.12,"body":"in the metaverse, may be more akin"},{"startTime":1995.12,"endTime":1999.743,"body":"to housebreaking or conning"},{"startTime":1995.12,"endTime":1999.743,"body":"your way into an office."},{"startTime":2000.79,"endTime":2003.49,"body":"Hacking of realistic avatars,"},{"startTime":2003.49,"endTime":2006.07,"body":"is likely to be of interest to criminals,"},{"startTime":2006.07,"endTime":2008.26,"body":"particularly where they may be linked"},{"startTime":2008.26,"endTime":2011.44,"body":"to privileged access to workspaces,"},{"startTime":2011.44,"endTime":2016.3,"body":"to property and money, or where"},{"startTime":2011.44,"endTime":2016.3,"body":"impersonating someone else"},{"startTime":2016.3,"endTime":2018.13,"body":"could be an advantage."},{"startTime":2018.13,"endTime":2022.15,"body":"Think of it as turbo"},{"startTime":2018.13,"endTime":2022.15,"body":"charging the identity theft"},{"startTime":2022.15,"endTime":2023.563,"body":"we already see."},{"startTime":2025.21,"endTime":2028.96,"body":"Now I have all of these"},{"startTime":2025.21,"endTime":2028.96,"body":"online identities already,"},{"startTime":2028.96,"endTime":2031.33,"body":"and broadly what we can say about them,"},{"startTime":2031.33,"endTime":2036.33,"body":"is that they're either"},{"startTime":2031.33,"endTime":2036.33,"body":"photo-real or a bit cartoonish."},{"startTime":2037.78,"endTime":2042.78,"body":"But they're all equally me"},{"startTime":2037.78,"endTime":2042.78,"body":"as far as I'm concerned."},{"startTime":2042.94,"endTime":2044.95,"body":"On different social media platforms,"},{"startTime":2044.95,"endTime":2049.03,"body":"I'm different versions of myself."},{"startTime":2049.03,"endTime":2050.59,"body":"This then prompts the question,"},{"startTime":2050.59,"endTime":2055.12,"body":"of what authenticity might"},{"startTime":2050.59,"endTime":2055.12,"body":"mean in the metaverse."},{"startTime":2055.12,"endTime":2060.01,"body":"Should we demand that people"},{"startTime":2055.12,"endTime":2060.01,"body":"in immersive virtual worlds"},{"startTime":2060.01,"endTime":2064.51,"body":"look exactly like their offline selves?"},{"startTime":2064.51,"endTime":2067.75,"body":"Would that requirement"},{"startTime":2064.51,"endTime":2067.75,"body":"extend to, for example,"},{"startTime":2067.75,"endTime":2070.273,"body":"not presenting as a different gender,"},{"startTime":2071.11,"endTime":2075.83,"body":"or to using a wheelchair"},{"startTime":2071.11,"endTime":2075.83,"body":"online if you do offline?"},{"startTime":2078.13,"endTime":2080.83,"body":"The more the metaverse is centralized,"},{"startTime":2080.83,"endTime":2083.8,"body":"the greater the likelihood that"},{"startTime":2080.83,"endTime":2083.8,"body":"we will be required to have"},{"startTime":2083.8,"endTime":2087.19,"body":"a single, or a dominant identity."},{"startTime":2087.19,"endTime":2090.97,"body":"Conversely, if there are"},{"startTime":2087.19,"endTime":2090.97,"body":"to be many metaverses,"},{"startTime":2090.97,"endTime":2092.14,"body":"we will be able to have"},{"startTime":2092.14,"endTime":2095.5,"body":"many different identities and avatars,"},{"startTime":2095.5,"endTime":2099.853,"body":"but we might not be able to"},{"startTime":2095.5,"endTime":2099.853,"body":"transfer these as easily."},{"startTime":2101.77,"endTime":2104.38,"body":"Now, the metaverse that"},{"startTime":2101.77,"endTime":2104.38,"body":"Neil Stevenson depicted"},{"startTime":2104.38,"endTime":2107.02,"body":"in \"Snow Crash\" certainly"},{"startTime":2104.38,"endTime":2107.02,"body":"does give the user"},{"startTime":2107.02,"endTime":2111.16,"body":"the possibility to be"},{"startTime":2107.02,"endTime":2111.16,"body":"someone completely different."},{"startTime":2111.16,"endTime":2114.01,"body":"And he writes of the main"},{"startTime":2111.16,"endTime":2114.01,"body":"character who arguably"},{"startTime":2114.01,"endTime":2118.727,"body":"has the best name ever of a"},{"startTime":2114.01,"endTime":2118.727,"body":"main character in fiction."},{"startTime":2118.727,"endTime":2121.21,"body":"\"When you live in a slime hole,"},{"startTime":2121.21,"endTime":2122.647,"body":"there's always the Metaverse."},{"startTime":2122.647,"endTime":2127.647,"body":"And in the Metaverse, Hiro"},{"startTime":2122.647,"endTime":2127.647,"body":"protagonist is a warrior prince.\""},{"startTime":2128.95,"endTime":2133.15,"body":"Now, virtual worlds already provide us"},{"startTime":2133.15,"endTime":2135.49,"body":"with an escape from real life."},{"startTime":2135.49,"endTime":2138.37,"body":"Just as they enable us"},{"startTime":2135.49,"endTime":2138.37,"body":"to do different things,"},{"startTime":2138.37,"endTime":2142.03,"body":"so they give us an"},{"startTime":2138.37,"endTime":2142.03,"body":"opportunity to look different,"},{"startTime":2142.03,"endTime":2145.63,"body":"to be someone different."},{"startTime":2145.63,"endTime":2147.82,"body":"In massively multiplayer games,"},{"startTime":2147.82,"endTime":2150.7,"body":"I can be a World War II infantryman,"},{"startTime":2150.7,"endTime":2155.7,"body":"I can be a penguin, I can"},{"startTime":2150.7,"endTime":2155.7,"body":"be an Orc if I want to."},{"startTime":2155.8,"endTime":2157.54,"body":"A metaverse which is not only"},{"startTime":2157.54,"endTime":2159.64,"body":"more compelling and interesting,"},{"startTime":2159.64,"endTime":2164.05,"body":"but also potentially more"},{"startTime":2159.64,"endTime":2164.05,"body":"empowering than life offline,"},{"startTime":2164.05,"endTime":2168.16,"body":"is not something we should"},{"startTime":2164.05,"endTime":2168.16,"body":"dismiss as frivolous."},{"startTime":2168.16,"endTime":2170.29,"body":"Many people have found themselves"},{"startTime":2170.29,"endTime":2172.66,"body":"able to do things in virtual worlds"},{"startTime":2172.66,"endTime":2176.35,"body":"that they simply can't otherwise."},{"startTime":2176.35,"endTime":2179.47,"body":"People with health"},{"startTime":2176.35,"endTime":2179.47,"body":"conditions or impairments"},{"startTime":2179.47,"endTime":2182.86,"body":"that prevent them from"},{"startTime":2179.47,"endTime":2182.86,"body":"participating in sports"},{"startTime":2182.86,"endTime":2184.78,"body":"as fully as they would like,"},{"startTime":2184.78,"endTime":2188.38,"body":"are able to become eSports champions,"},{"startTime":2188.38,"endTime":2193.09,"body":"people who suffer from anxiety"},{"startTime":2188.38,"endTime":2193.09,"body":"have found ways to socialize"},{"startTime":2193.09,"endTime":2196.24,"body":"that feel more manageable for them."},{"startTime":2196.24,"endTime":2199.84,"body":"Virtual worlds are levelers insofar,"},{"startTime":2199.84,"endTime":2202.57,"body":"as they can alter conventional measures"},{"startTime":2202.57,"endTime":2204.94,"body":"of attainment and success."},{"startTime":2204.94,"endTime":2209.94,"body":"People with limited mobility"},{"startTime":2204.94,"endTime":2209.94,"body":"can walk, run, fly unimpeded,"},{"startTime":2212.11,"endTime":2213.82,"body":"and that raises the possibility"},{"startTime":2213.82,"endTime":2218.82,"body":"that as online spaces become"},{"startTime":2213.82,"endTime":2218.82,"body":"more immersive and persuasive,"},{"startTime":2218.86,"endTime":2223.58,"body":"some of us will want to spend"},{"startTime":2218.86,"endTime":2223.58,"body":"less and less time offline."},{"startTime":2224.62,"endTime":2228.19,"body":"Our current concerns over"},{"startTime":2224.62,"endTime":2228.19,"body":"young people's screen time"},{"startTime":2228.19,"endTime":2230.2,"body":"may come to seem quaint"},{"startTime":2230.2,"endTime":2234.49,"body":"as more and more of us"},{"startTime":2230.2,"endTime":2234.49,"body":"feel embodied online."},{"startTime":2234.49,"endTime":2238.57,"body":"And our responses to digital"},{"startTime":2234.49,"endTime":2238.57,"body":"addiction may need to evolve"},{"startTime":2238.57,"endTime":2241.84,"body":"to provide adequate psychosocial support"},{"startTime":2241.84,"endTime":2244.63,"body":"to those who for very good reasons"},{"startTime":2244.63,"endTime":2247.453,"body":"may not want to leave the metaverse."},{"startTime":2248.8,"endTime":2252.04,"body":"If we apply the logic of"},{"startTime":2248.8,"endTime":2252.04,"body":"presence and co-presence,"},{"startTime":2252.04,"endTime":2254.08,"body":"positive experiences in the metaverse,"},{"startTime":2254.08,"endTime":2257.38,"body":"may feel more positive,"},{"startTime":2254.08,"endTime":2257.38,"body":"and more immediate,"},{"startTime":2257.38,"endTime":2260.53,"body":"than our current online interactions."},{"startTime":2260.53,"endTime":2263.56,"body":"Equally, we may need to prepare ourselves"},{"startTime":2263.56,"endTime":2267.34,"body":"for negative experiences that feel worse,"},{"startTime":2267.34,"endTime":2270.34,"body":"both emotionally and physically."},{"startTime":2270.34,"endTime":2275.14,"body":"Technology that allows the"},{"startTime":2270.34,"endTime":2275.14,"body":"user to touch and be touched"},{"startTime":2275.14,"endTime":2278.44,"body":"presents greater"},{"startTime":2275.14,"endTime":2278.44,"body":"possibilities for intimacy,"},{"startTime":2278.44,"endTime":2281.38,"body":"but also for abuse and assault,"},{"startTime":2281.38,"endTime":2283.51,"body":"the sheer physicality of which,"},{"startTime":2283.51,"endTime":2287.05,"body":"we won't have seen online before."},{"startTime":2287.05,"endTime":2289.69,"body":"A scenario in which"},{"startTime":2287.05,"endTime":2289.69,"body":"you can punch somebody,"},{"startTime":2289.69,"endTime":2291.13,"body":"on the other side of the world"},{"startTime":2291.13,"endTime":2293.47,"body":"presents a particular conundrum"},{"startTime":2293.47,"endTime":2295.69,"body":"for criminal justice services"},{"startTime":2295.69,"endTime":2298.57,"body":"because they're used to"},{"startTime":2295.69,"endTime":2298.57,"body":"proving bodily injury"},{"startTime":2298.57,"endTime":2301.57,"body":"through evidence of physical proximity."},{"startTime":2301.57,"endTime":2302.95,"body":"And in the metaverse,"},{"startTime":2302.95,"endTime":2306.763,"body":"no such physical proximity"},{"startTime":2302.95,"endTime":2306.763,"body":"may exist offline."},{"startTime":2307.63,"endTime":2310.18,"body":"VR platforms have already started"},{"startTime":2310.18,"endTime":2312.82,"body":"to deploy personal boundaries"},{"startTime":2312.82,"endTime":2316.363,"body":"to prevent avatars coming"},{"startTime":2312.82,"endTime":2316.363,"body":"too close to each other."},{"startTime":2317.68,"endTime":2321.31,"body":"News, and fake news may be more persuasive"},{"startTime":2321.31,"endTime":2325.51,"body":"when delivered in your line"},{"startTime":2321.31,"endTime":2325.51,"body":"of sight or by an avatar"},{"startTime":2325.51,"endTime":2329.143,"body":"that engages you in a"},{"startTime":2325.51,"endTime":2329.143,"body":"fully fledged conversation."},{"startTime":2330.25,"endTime":2334.39,"body":"YouTube videos of adults"},{"startTime":2330.25,"endTime":2334.39,"body":"humorously scaring children"},{"startTime":2334.39,"endTime":2336.58,"body":"with unsuitable VR games"},{"startTime":2336.58,"endTime":2339.34,"body":"already signal the need to ensure"},{"startTime":2339.34,"endTime":2342.58,"body":"that metaverse content is age appropriate,"},{"startTime":2342.58,"endTime":2344.44,"body":"and that people of all ages"},{"startTime":2344.44,"endTime":2346.21,"body":"are not recklessly exposed"},{"startTime":2346.21,"endTime":2350.47,"body":"to traumatizing or triggering experiences."},{"startTime":2350.47,"endTime":2353.35,"body":"And since what is"},{"startTime":2350.47,"endTime":2353.35,"body":"triggering for one person,"},{"startTime":2353.35,"endTime":2355.99,"body":"may not be so for another,"},{"startTime":2355.99,"endTime":2359.14,"body":"monitoring and vetting"},{"startTime":2355.99,"endTime":2359.14,"body":"in a mature metaverse,"},{"startTime":2359.14,"endTime":2363.13,"body":"may be just as challenging,"},{"startTime":2359.14,"endTime":2363.13,"body":"if not more so,"},{"startTime":2363.13,"endTime":2365.743,"body":"as policing the offline world."},{"startTime":2366.88,"endTime":2369.37,"body":"Accidental physical damage may occur"},{"startTime":2369.37,"endTime":2372.31,"body":"if people mishandle or misuse equipment."},{"startTime":2372.31,"endTime":2376.27,"body":"For example, the driver of"},{"startTime":2372.31,"endTime":2376.27,"body":"a car using a VR headset"},{"startTime":2376.27,"endTime":2378.94,"body":"that's intended only for passengers,"},{"startTime":2378.94,"endTime":2383.2,"body":"like this holoride modular"},{"startTime":2378.94,"endTime":2383.2,"body":"infotainment toolkit,"},{"startTime":2383.2,"endTime":2385.09,"body":"developed for Audi,"},{"startTime":2385.09,"endTime":2388.96,"body":"or a medical practitioner"},{"startTime":2385.09,"endTime":2388.96,"body":"injuring a patient"},{"startTime":2388.96,"endTime":2392.053,"body":"when the data feed on"},{"startTime":2388.96,"endTime":2392.053,"body":"their display is hacked."},{"startTime":2392.92,"endTime":2395.2,"body":"Insurers have already seen increases"},{"startTime":2395.2,"endTime":2399.4,"body":"in household damage claims due"},{"startTime":2395.2,"endTime":2399.4,"body":"to accidents when using VR."},{"startTime":2399.4,"endTime":2403.12,"body":"There've been a lot of"},{"startTime":2399.4,"endTime":2403.12,"body":"broken TV screens apparently."},{"startTime":2403.12,"endTime":2407.83,"body":"And we can take also those"},{"startTime":2403.12,"endTime":2407.83,"body":"Pokemon Go deaths and injuries,"},{"startTime":2407.83,"endTime":2411.01,"body":"as a sign of how things might evolve,"},{"startTime":2411.01,"endTime":2413.833,"body":"Pokemon pun entirely intended."},{"startTime":2415.09,"endTime":2418.297,"body":"By imagining the consequences"},{"startTime":2415.09,"endTime":2418.297,"body":"of an evolved metaverse,"},{"startTime":2418.297,"endTime":2420.22,"body":"and the steps that take us there,"},{"startTime":2420.22,"endTime":2424.06,"body":"we can also be alert to"},{"startTime":2420.22,"endTime":2424.06,"body":"issues in the wider world"},{"startTime":2424.06,"endTime":2426.01,"body":"that deserve our attention."},{"startTime":2426.01,"endTime":2430.15,"body":"The first, is digital inequality."},{"startTime":2430.15,"endTime":2432.82,"body":"Virtual worlds already require"},{"startTime":2432.82,"endTime":2436.0,"body":"large amounts of processing"},{"startTime":2432.82,"endTime":2436.0,"body":"power and bandwidth,"},{"startTime":2436.0,"endTime":2438.97,"body":"high speeds, and low latency."},{"startTime":2438.97,"endTime":2440.83,"body":"Countries that lag behind"},{"startTime":2440.83,"endTime":2444.25,"body":"in terms of internet"},{"startTime":2440.83,"endTime":2444.25,"body":"infrastructure and accessibility"},{"startTime":2444.25,"endTime":2447.43,"body":"of the necessary hardware,"},{"startTime":2444.25,"endTime":2447.43,"body":"may find themselves"},{"startTime":2447.43,"endTime":2450.52,"body":"at even less of an"},{"startTime":2447.43,"endTime":2450.52,"body":"advantage in the metaverse,"},{"startTime":2450.52,"endTime":2453.1,"body":"where for the foreseeable"},{"startTime":2450.52,"endTime":2453.1,"body":"future, at least,"},{"startTime":2453.1,"endTime":2454.87,"body":"full enfranchisement,"},{"startTime":2454.87,"endTime":2459.43,"body":"requires uninterrupted,"},{"startTime":2454.87,"endTime":2459.43,"body":"high speed connectivity,"},{"startTime":2459.43,"endTime":2462.37,"body":"core devices with enough processing power"},{"startTime":2462.37,"endTime":2466.96,"body":"to render rich, realistic"},{"startTime":2462.37,"endTime":2466.96,"body":"environments in real time"},{"startTime":2466.96,"endTime":2469.36,"body":"and hardware whose price points"},{"startTime":2469.36,"endTime":2472.153,"body":"exclude many members of society."},{"startTime":2473.53,"endTime":2475.87,"body":"The rapid development"},{"startTime":2473.53,"endTime":2475.87,"body":"of a metaverse economy"},{"startTime":2475.87,"endTime":2478.78,"body":"in some countries, but not others,"},{"startTime":2478.78,"endTime":2481.27,"body":"may widen this digital gap."},{"startTime":2481.27,"endTime":2484.09,"body":"And while moving meetings"},{"startTime":2481.27,"endTime":2484.09,"body":"into virtual worlds"},{"startTime":2484.09,"endTime":2487.24,"body":"will have a positive"},{"startTime":2484.09,"endTime":2487.24,"body":"impact on the environment,"},{"startTime":2487.24,"endTime":2490.24,"body":"if it means that we travel less"},{"startTime":2490.24,"endTime":2492.97,"body":"without sustainable energy sources,"},{"startTime":2492.97,"endTime":2497.41,"body":"the demand for greater processing"},{"startTime":2492.97,"endTime":2497.41,"body":"power may be untenable."},{"startTime":2497.41,"endTime":2500.74,"body":"We've already seen a"},{"startTime":2497.41,"endTime":2500.74,"body":"signal of this in Iceland,"},{"startTime":2500.74,"endTime":2505.03,"body":"where the energy consumed"},{"startTime":2500.74,"endTime":2505.03,"body":"by crypto currency mining,"},{"startTime":2505.03,"endTime":2509.383,"body":"already outstrips supply to households."},{"startTime":2510.64,"endTime":2513.64,"body":"Privacy is another key concern."},{"startTime":2513.64,"endTime":2516.88,"body":"In 2014, a woman was reportedly attacked"},{"startTime":2516.88,"endTime":2519.34,"body":"outside a bar in San Francisco"},{"startTime":2519.34,"endTime":2520.24,"body":"because she was wearing,"},{"startTime":2520.24,"endTime":2524.35,"body":"a pair of Google Glass AR spectacles."},{"startTime":2524.35,"endTime":2527.71,"body":"And the fear is that"},{"startTime":2524.35,"endTime":2527.71,"body":"people who wear headsets"},{"startTime":2527.71,"endTime":2529.72,"body":"that can capture images and video"},{"startTime":2529.72,"endTime":2533.353,"body":"may record other people"},{"startTime":2529.72,"endTime":2533.353,"body":"without their consent."},{"startTime":2534.49,"endTime":2537.67,"body":"Now many of us already"},{"startTime":2534.49,"endTime":2537.67,"body":"take photos and videos"},{"startTime":2537.67,"endTime":2540.49,"body":"of other people with our phones,"},{"startTime":2540.49,"endTime":2543.76,"body":"but those people can"},{"startTime":2540.49,"endTime":2543.76,"body":"generally see when we do that"},{"startTime":2543.76,"endTime":2548.05,"body":"because we hold our phones"},{"startTime":2543.76,"endTime":2548.05,"body":"in the air in a certain way."},{"startTime":2548.05,"endTime":2550.72,"body":"But when someone has"},{"startTime":2548.05,"endTime":2550.72,"body":"something on their face,"},{"startTime":2550.72,"endTime":2553.24,"body":"which they activate using voice commands"},{"startTime":2553.24,"endTime":2556.24,"body":"or some other invisible gesture,"},{"startTime":2556.24,"endTime":2558.46,"body":"this can contribute to a feeling"},{"startTime":2558.46,"endTime":2561.94,"body":"of being constantly under surveillance."},{"startTime":2561.94,"endTime":2565.6,"body":"In VR too, some users"},{"startTime":2561.94,"endTime":2565.6,"body":"are already recording"},{"startTime":2565.6,"endTime":2568.12,"body":"all of their interactions just in case,"},{"startTime":2568.12,"endTime":2572.17,"body":"they need to evidence something"},{"startTime":2568.12,"endTime":2572.17,"body":"bad happening to them."},{"startTime":2572.17,"endTime":2575.32,"body":"So the technology effectively equips us"},{"startTime":2575.32,"endTime":2580.21,"body":"to operate our very own"},{"startTime":2575.32,"endTime":2580.21,"body":"CCTV, wherever we go,"},{"startTime":2580.21,"endTime":2582.97,"body":"online, or offline."},{"startTime":2582.97,"endTime":2587.86,"body":"But just because we can,"},{"startTime":2582.97,"endTime":2587.86,"body":"does that mean we should?"},{"startTime":2587.86,"endTime":2588.79,"body":"For many of us,"},{"startTime":2588.79,"endTime":2590.92,"body":"this would seem to be an unacceptable"},{"startTime":2590.92,"endTime":2592.33,"body":"intrusion of our privacy,"},{"startTime":2592.33,"endTime":2595.54,"body":"especially when we have not been asked."},{"startTime":2595.54,"endTime":2599.32,"body":"So trust in the technology"},{"startTime":2595.54,"endTime":2599.32,"body":"is certainly a clear barrier"},{"startTime":2599.32,"endTime":2600.763,"body":"that we need to overcome."},{"startTime":2602.8,"endTime":2605.29,"body":"None of this really gets us much closer"},{"startTime":2605.29,"endTime":2609.16,"body":"to answering the question"},{"startTime":2605.29,"endTime":2609.16,"body":"of when or even whether"},{"startTime":2609.16,"endTime":2613.39,"body":"the metaverse envisaged by its"},{"startTime":2609.16,"endTime":2613.39,"body":"current builders will arrive."},{"startTime":2613.39,"endTime":2615.52,"body":"So we have no way of knowing,"},{"startTime":2615.52,"endTime":2618.22,"body":"whether Citi Groups' recent prediction,"},{"startTime":2618.22,"endTime":2621.37,"body":"that the total addressable"},{"startTime":2618.22,"endTime":2621.37,"body":"market of the metaverse"},{"startTime":2621.37,"endTime":2626.37,"body":"will be eight to 13 trillion"},{"startTime":2621.37,"endTime":2626.37,"body":"dollars per annum by 2030"},{"startTime":2627.79,"endTime":2629.503,"body":"is at all accurate."},{"startTime":2630.64,"endTime":2635.44,"body":"But perhaps insisting on the"},{"startTime":2630.64,"endTime":2635.44,"body":"metaverse as a moment in time"},{"startTime":2635.44,"endTime":2637.21,"body":"as an end state,"},{"startTime":2637.21,"endTime":2642.163,"body":"rather than an ongoing"},{"startTime":2637.21,"endTime":2642.163,"body":"evolution, is to miss the point."},{"startTime":2643.09,"endTime":2648.09,"body":"The more we depict it as"},{"startTime":2643.09,"endTime":2648.09,"body":"a futuristic far scape,"},{"startTime":2648.22,"endTime":2652.57,"body":"the easier it is to ignore"},{"startTime":2648.22,"endTime":2652.57,"body":"the incredible progress,"},{"startTime":2652.57,"endTime":2655.36,"body":"these technologies have already enabled"},{"startTime":2655.36,"endTime":2658.6,"body":"and to put off dealing"},{"startTime":2655.36,"endTime":2658.6,"body":"with human challenges"},{"startTime":2658.6,"endTime":2661.36,"body":"that are already here."},{"startTime":2661.36,"endTime":2665.02,"body":"If we instead consider"},{"startTime":2661.36,"endTime":2665.02,"body":"immersion, presence,"},{"startTime":2665.02,"endTime":2669.4,"body":"and co-presence as"},{"startTime":2665.02,"endTime":2669.4,"body":"established human drives"},{"startTime":2669.4,"endTime":2674.4,"body":"that shape technology and"},{"startTime":2669.4,"endTime":2674.4,"body":"in turn are shaped by it,"},{"startTime":2674.59,"endTime":2678.46,"body":"we can recognize that the"},{"startTime":2674.59,"endTime":2678.46,"body":"metaverse has a pre-history,"},{"startTime":2678.46,"endTime":2682.153,"body":"it has a present, not just a future."},{"startTime":2683.11,"endTime":2686.44,"body":"And it's entirely up to"},{"startTime":2683.11,"endTime":2686.44,"body":"you, whether you think"},{"startTime":2686.44,"endTime":2690.52,"body":"that the world I described"},{"startTime":2686.44,"endTime":2690.52,"body":"at the start of this talk"},{"startTime":2690.52,"endTime":2694.63,"body":"is idyllic, or dystopian,"},{"startTime":2694.63,"endTime":2698.77,"body":"but many of us are already"},{"startTime":2694.63,"endTime":2698.77,"body":"in a version of it."},{"startTime":2698.77,"endTime":2703.54,"body":"We are already digitally-enhanced humans."},{"startTime":2703.54,"endTime":2706.18,"body":"As we travel further down the road"},{"startTime":2706.18,"endTime":2707.71,"body":"of technological development,"},{"startTime":2707.71,"endTime":2710.74,"body":"we can expect further merging"},{"startTime":2710.74,"endTime":2714.19,"body":"of the data world and the human world,"},{"startTime":2714.19,"endTime":2718.93,"body":"cyberspace and so-called meat space"},{"startTime":2718.93,"endTime":2722.41,"body":"with consequences for both of those."},{"startTime":2722.41,"endTime":2725.35,"body":"When it comes to the metaverse,"},{"startTime":2725.35,"endTime":2729.673,"body":"we do not just have to wait and see."},{"startTime":2731.38,"endTime":2732.586,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":2732.586,"endTime":2735.753,"body":"(audience applauding)"},{"startTime":2745.454,"endTime":2748.072,"body":"- Thank you very much."},{"startTime":2745.454,"endTime":2748.072,"body":"Actually, Victoria is not here,"},{"startTime":2748.072,"endTime":2750.299,"body":"(all laugh)"},{"startTime":2750.299,"endTime":2752.154,"body":"but her avatar is done"},{"startTime":2750.299,"endTime":2752.154,"body":"awfully well tonight I think."},{"startTime":2752.154,"endTime":2754.51,"body":"- We did think about how we"},{"startTime":2752.154,"endTime":2754.51,"body":"could make it more immersive,"},{"startTime":2754.51,"endTime":2755.89,"body":"but it seemed that the wood paneling"},{"startTime":2755.89,"endTime":2758.56,"body":"wasn't very well suited"},{"startTime":2755.89,"endTime":2758.56,"body":"to projection. So..."},{"startTime":2758.56,"endTime":2761.83,"body":"- Thank you. I work with Owase Jeelani"},{"startTime":2761.83,"endTime":2763.72,"body":"who made the twin video."},{"startTime":2763.72,"endTime":2768.72,"body":"And I couldn't have done"},{"startTime":2763.72,"endTime":2768.72,"body":"my job without early VR"},{"startTime":2769.21,"endTime":2771.76,"body":"to manipulate the images of the heart"},{"startTime":2771.76,"endTime":2773.26,"body":"that we do, to do cardiac surgery."},{"startTime":2773.26,"endTime":2774.9,"body":"It is here in my world."},{"startTime":2774.9,"endTime":2776.44,"body":"- I, I, to be honest with you,"},{"startTime":2776.44,"endTime":2778.81,"body":"when you put me in touch with that team,"},{"startTime":2778.81,"endTime":2782.5,"body":"I couldn't stop watching"},{"startTime":2778.81,"endTime":2782.5,"body":"that clip. I really couldn't."},{"startTime":2782.5,"endTime":2786.04,"body":"You know, when you look at"},{"startTime":2782.5,"endTime":2786.04,"body":"all of the blood vessels"},{"startTime":2786.04,"endTime":2789.1,"body":"and all of the tissue being"},{"startTime":2786.04,"endTime":2789.1,"body":"separated absolutely incredible."},{"startTime":2789.1,"endTime":2790.78,"body":"- What you can't show on the screen"},{"startTime":2790.78,"endTime":2792.37,"body":"is that you can also play"},{"startTime":2792.37,"endTime":2796.06,"body":"with that image in space with your hands,"},{"startTime":2796.06,"endTime":2799.03,"body":"which is the same movement that"},{"startTime":2796.06,"endTime":2799.03,"body":"you do during the operation."},{"startTime":2799.03,"endTime":2803.68,"body":"So you're actually acquiring"},{"startTime":2799.03,"endTime":2803.68,"body":"three dimensional space,"},{"startTime":2803.68,"endTime":2804.91,"body":"without doing any harm,"},{"startTime":2804.91,"endTime":2806.86,"body":"and that you can do it over"},{"startTime":2804.91,"endTime":2806.86,"body":"and over and over again"},{"startTime":2806.86,"endTime":2808.27,"body":"until you get better at it,"},{"startTime":2808.27,"endTime":2809.83,"body":"which the England football team"},{"startTime":2809.83,"endTime":2811.144,"body":"could occasionally benefit from."},{"startTime":2811.144,"endTime":2814.27,"body":"(all laugh)"},{"startTime":2814.27,"endTime":2815.97,"body":"- Any questions from the audience?"},{"startTime":2817.417,"endTime":2818.25,"body":"- [Female Audience Member 1] I was curious"},{"startTime":2818.25,"endTime":2820.75,"body":"about your comment on the digital assets"},{"startTime":2820.75,"endTime":2825.75,"body":"that Web 3.0 users will own"},{"startTime":2820.75,"endTime":2825.75,"body":"more of the digital assets."},{"startTime":2825.97,"endTime":2828.52,"body":"I wondered if you could"},{"startTime":2825.97,"endTime":2828.52,"body":"say more about that."},{"startTime":2828.52,"endTime":2831.37,"body":"- Yeah, so if we use the analogy,"},{"startTime":2831.37,"endTime":2833.35,"body":"I've used the example"},{"startTime":2831.37,"endTime":2833.35,"body":"of a designer outfit."},{"startTime":2833.35,"endTime":2834.28,"body":"I'm not suggesting..."},{"startTime":2834.28,"endTime":2837.01,"body":"I'm not sure I would buy a"},{"startTime":2834.28,"endTime":2837.01,"body":"designer outfit in the metaverse,"},{"startTime":2837.01,"endTime":2840.4,"body":"but if you have a particular"},{"startTime":2837.01,"endTime":2840.4,"body":"way that you want to look..."},{"startTime":2840.4,"endTime":2843.64,"body":"so I presented that scan of myself."},{"startTime":2843.64,"endTime":2846.07,"body":"At the moment, I can't wear that dress"},{"startTime":2846.07,"endTime":2850.51,"body":"and I can't wear these boots"},{"startTime":2846.07,"endTime":2850.51,"body":"in different virtual worlds,"},{"startTime":2850.51,"endTime":2853.27,"body":"so I have to recreate myself,"},{"startTime":2853.27,"endTime":2858.27,"body":"and even though companies like Nike,"},{"startTime":2858.58,"endTime":2862.09,"body":"and other clothing and footwear retailers,"},{"startTime":2862.09,"endTime":2865.03,"body":"are selling virtual outfits,"},{"startTime":2865.03,"endTime":2867.73,"body":"you want to be able to"},{"startTime":2865.03,"endTime":2867.73,"body":"pay for those wants,"},{"startTime":2867.73,"endTime":2870.82,"body":"and use those across lots"},{"startTime":2867.73,"endTime":2870.82,"body":"of different virtual worlds,"},{"startTime":2870.82,"endTime":2873.1,"body":"not to go into different environments,"},{"startTime":2873.1,"endTime":2875.17,"body":"and have to buy them all over again."},{"startTime":2875.17,"endTime":2877.75,"body":"So with something like"},{"startTime":2875.17,"endTime":2877.75,"body":"a non fungible token"},{"startTime":2877.75,"endTime":2879.22,"body":"that proves your ownership"},{"startTime":2879.22,"endTime":2881.44,"body":"of that particular pair of Nike trainers,"},{"startTime":2881.44,"endTime":2883.36,"body":"and other trainers are"},{"startTime":2881.44,"endTime":2883.36,"body":"available, by the way,"},{"startTime":2883.36,"endTime":2884.193,"body":"sorry, it's just,"},{"startTime":2884.193,"endTime":2886.873,"body":"I know that they're ones"},{"startTime":2884.193,"endTime":2886.873,"body":"that are retailing virtually,"},{"startTime":2888.01,"endTime":2889.007,"body":"that you can actually say,"},{"startTime":2889.007,"endTime":2890.53,"body":"\"Well, I've got that."},{"startTime":2890.53,"endTime":2892.84,"body":"I proved my ownership"},{"startTime":2890.53,"endTime":2892.84,"body":"of that digital asset,"},{"startTime":2892.84,"endTime":2895.81,"body":"so I can transfer it"},{"startTime":2892.84,"endTime":2895.81,"body":"to other environments.\""},{"startTime":2895.81,"endTime":2898.48,"body":"So that's how it would"},{"startTime":2895.81,"endTime":2898.48,"body":"work for some consumers."},{"startTime":2898.48,"endTime":2901.99,"body":"But obviously we have"},{"startTime":2898.48,"endTime":2901.99,"body":"an entire infrastructure"},{"startTime":2901.99,"endTime":2904.783,"body":"of decentralized finance behind that,"},{"startTime":2905.71,"endTime":2907.36,"body":"which is another lecture,"},{"startTime":2907.36,"endTime":2909.31,"body":"and thankfully really is another lecture,"},{"startTime":2909.31,"endTime":2912.155,"body":"because that's what Raghavendra"},{"startTime":2909.31,"endTime":2912.155,"body":"is going to be talking about"},{"startTime":2912.155,"endTime":2913.81,"body":"in a few weeks time."},{"startTime":2913.81,"endTime":2915.43,"body":"So I would certainly"},{"startTime":2913.81,"endTime":2915.43,"body":"recommend to everybody"},{"startTime":2915.43,"endTime":2916.57,"body":"that you come back for that,"},{"startTime":2916.57,"endTime":2919.963,"body":"'cause unless you've got the"},{"startTime":2916.57,"endTime":2919.963,"body":"rest of the evening free,"},{"startTime":2920.95,"endTime":2924.04,"body":"we probably don't have time to"},{"startTime":2920.95,"endTime":2924.04,"body":"cover decentralized finance."},{"startTime":2924.04,"endTime":2928.99,"body":"But it's that idea that"},{"startTime":2924.04,"endTime":2928.99,"body":"wherever you go online,"},{"startTime":2928.99,"endTime":2932.47,"body":"you will be able to prove that"},{"startTime":2928.99,"endTime":2932.47,"body":"ownership of certain assets."},{"startTime":2932.47,"endTime":2934.18,"body":"So it might be furniture for your house,"},{"startTime":2934.18,"endTime":2937.813,"body":"that you want to recreate"},{"startTime":2934.18,"endTime":2937.813,"body":"in different environments."},{"startTime":2939.767,"endTime":2940.6,"body":"- [Female Audience Member 2] Sorry,"},{"startTime":2940.6,"endTime":2941.47,"body":"I'm just going to have"},{"startTime":2940.6,"endTime":2941.47,"body":"to gather my thoughts."},{"startTime":2941.47,"endTime":2942.703,"body":"My mind is a bit blown."},{"startTime":2944.118,"endTime":2947.29,"body":"But how do you think the"},{"startTime":2944.118,"endTime":2947.29,"body":"psychological challenges"},{"startTime":2947.29,"endTime":2949.54,"body":"of existing online will work?"},{"startTime":2949.54,"endTime":2951.52,"body":"Because obviously what"},{"startTime":2949.54,"endTime":2951.52,"body":"we're currently seeing"},{"startTime":2951.52,"endTime":2954.4,"body":"is people aren't really"},{"startTime":2951.52,"endTime":2954.4,"body":"morally accountable"},{"startTime":2954.4,"endTime":2955.57,"body":"for a lot of their actions."},{"startTime":2955.57,"endTime":2960.065,"body":"So would we foresee kind of"},{"startTime":2955.57,"endTime":2960.065,"body":"like an online law enforcement"},{"startTime":2960.065,"endTime":2963.16,"body":"rather than like"},{"startTime":2960.065,"endTime":2963.16,"body":"moderators that we get now?"},{"startTime":2963.16,"endTime":2964.9,"body":"And also, is there a danger"},{"startTime":2964.9,"endTime":2967.03,"body":"it could lead to segregation"},{"startTime":2964.9,"endTime":2967.03,"body":"in the real world"},{"startTime":2967.03,"endTime":2969.01,"body":"where currently you have people"},{"startTime":2969.01,"endTime":2971.59,"body":"who have social media"},{"startTime":2969.01,"endTime":2971.59,"body":"accounts, people who don't,"},{"startTime":2971.59,"endTime":2974.26,"body":"and there is actually"},{"startTime":2971.59,"endTime":2974.26,"body":"quite a lot of separation"},{"startTime":2974.26,"endTime":2977.71,"body":"between how people react to each other."},{"startTime":2977.71,"endTime":2980.32,"body":"So could we potentially have a situation,"},{"startTime":2980.32,"endTime":2982.39,"body":"where there's people"},{"startTime":2980.32,"endTime":2982.39,"body":"living in the real world"},{"startTime":2982.39,"endTime":2985.64,"body":"and then people living"},{"startTime":2982.39,"endTime":2985.64,"body":"in the virtual world"},{"startTime":2986.56,"endTime":2989.65,"body":"and they're kind of become"},{"startTime":2986.56,"endTime":2989.65,"body":"two distinct societies?"},{"startTime":2989.65,"endTime":2992.29,"body":"- Have you considered becoming a futurist?"},{"startTime":2992.29,"endTime":2995.38,"body":"Because those are all"},{"startTime":2992.29,"endTime":2995.38,"body":"fantastic considerations"},{"startTime":2995.38,"endTime":2997.151,"body":"and these are the things that, you know,"},{"startTime":2997.151,"endTime":3000.48,"body":"I get hugely exercised by."},{"startTime":3000.48,"endTime":3002.403,"body":"So, firstly,"},{"startTime":3003.72,"endTime":3005.523,"body":"with accountability,"},{"startTime":3006.45,"endTime":3008.43,"body":"I think you're absolutely right."},{"startTime":3008.43,"endTime":3011.34,"body":"In my previous talk on internet governance"},{"startTime":3011.34,"endTime":3013.74,"body":"and who owns the internet,"},{"startTime":3011.34,"endTime":3013.74,"body":"I was looking at, you know,"},{"startTime":3013.74,"endTime":3016.71,"body":"the extent to which you can"},{"startTime":3013.74,"endTime":3016.71,"body":"make technology companies"},{"startTime":3016.71,"endTime":3021.3,"body":"liable for their users'"},{"startTime":3016.71,"endTime":3021.3,"body":"actions and behaviors."},{"startTime":3021.3,"endTime":3024.84,"body":"And I can see why governments"},{"startTime":3021.3,"endTime":3024.84,"body":"are going down that route."},{"startTime":3024.84,"endTime":3026.4,"body":"But equally,"},{"startTime":3026.4,"endTime":3028.14,"body":"I think we mustn't lose sight of the fact,"},{"startTime":3028.14,"endTime":3031.32,"body":"that people need to be"},{"startTime":3028.14,"endTime":3031.32,"body":"responsible for their actions"},{"startTime":3031.32,"endTime":3032.58,"body":"and their behavior."},{"startTime":3032.58,"endTime":3035.28,"body":"And I'm a great fan of"},{"startTime":3032.58,"endTime":3035.28,"body":"digital citizenship,"},{"startTime":3035.28,"endTime":3037.71,"body":"which increasingly is"},{"startTime":3035.28,"endTime":3037.71,"body":"being taught in schools,"},{"startTime":3037.71,"endTime":3039.66,"body":"in a number of different countries,"},{"startTime":3039.66,"endTime":3041.94,"body":"but not all around the world."},{"startTime":3041.94,"endTime":3043.29,"body":"I think digital citizenship"},{"startTime":3043.29,"endTime":3046.35,"body":"is going to be especially"},{"startTime":3043.29,"endTime":3046.35,"body":"important in the metaverse."},{"startTime":3046.35,"endTime":3049.92,"body":"If you can thump one of your schoolmates,"},{"startTime":3049.92,"endTime":3053.73,"body":"outside of school, online and"},{"startTime":3049.92,"endTime":3053.73,"body":"not just be nasty to them,"},{"startTime":3053.73,"endTime":3055.47,"body":"then absolutely you need to be told"},{"startTime":3055.47,"endTime":3056.7,"body":"why that's not a good idea,"},{"startTime":3056.7,"endTime":3060.75,"body":"and conflict resolution skills"},{"startTime":3056.7,"endTime":3060.75,"body":"and risk mitigation skills."},{"startTime":3060.75,"endTime":3065.19,"body":"So all of what we do in internet"},{"startTime":3060.75,"endTime":3065.19,"body":"safety for young people,"},{"startTime":3065.19,"endTime":3066.93,"body":"but also those neglected groups,"},{"startTime":3066.93,"endTime":3069.63,"body":"so older people I think"},{"startTime":3066.93,"endTime":3069.63,"body":"are hugely neglected"},{"startTime":3069.63,"endTime":3071.67,"body":"in internet safety."},{"startTime":3071.67,"endTime":3074.64,"body":"And that's a subsequent lecture. (laughs)"},{"startTime":3074.64,"endTime":3076.74,"body":"But you know,"},{"startTime":3076.74,"endTime":3080.67,"body":"we need to equip people to"},{"startTime":3076.74,"endTime":3080.67,"body":"navigate these spaces themselves,"},{"startTime":3080.67,"endTime":3083.133,"body":"to behave respectfully towards each other,"},{"startTime":3084.03,"endTime":3086.07,"body":"and not just wait for somebody else"},{"startTime":3086.07,"endTime":3088.413,"body":"to clear up the problem for them."},{"startTime":3089.94,"endTime":3091.77,"body":"Remind me of the second"},{"startTime":3089.94,"endTime":3091.77,"body":"part of your question"},{"startTime":3091.77,"endTime":3093.951,"body":"'cause it was all, it"},{"startTime":3091.77,"endTime":3093.951,"body":"was all so interesting."},{"startTime":3093.951,"endTime":3094.784,"body":"- [Female Audience Member 2] Sorry."},{"startTime":3094.784,"endTime":3096.28,"body":"Just the idea of potentially having..."},{"startTime":3096.28,"endTime":3097.77,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":3097.77,"endTime":3099.549,"body":"- Oh, virtual police."},{"startTime":3099.549,"endTime":3100.95,"body":"- [Female Audience Member"},{"startTime":3099.549,"endTime":3100.95,"body":"2] Yeah and like segregation"},{"startTime":3100.95,"endTime":3102.81,"body":"between online and offline communities."},{"startTime":3102.81,"endTime":3104.6,"body":"- Yeah, so I think..."},{"startTime":3106.62,"endTime":3110.82,"body":"I think particularly from"},{"startTime":3106.62,"endTime":3110.82,"body":"the climate perspective,"},{"startTime":3110.82,"endTime":3112.29,"body":"the environmental perspective,"},{"startTime":3112.29,"endTime":3116.97,"body":"we're seeing greater resistance"},{"startTime":3112.29,"endTime":3116.97,"body":"to more and more processing."},{"startTime":3116.97,"endTime":3119.4,"body":"We're seeing more and more protest"},{"startTime":3119.4,"endTime":3122.76,"body":"of energy consumption for big technology."},{"startTime":3122.76,"endTime":3125.04,"body":"I think it's entirely possible"},{"startTime":3125.04,"endTime":3130.04,"body":"that that could start creating"},{"startTime":3125.04,"endTime":3130.04,"body":"a kind of increased interest"},{"startTime":3130.23,"endTime":3131.88,"body":"in being an off gridder."},{"startTime":3131.88,"endTime":3134.58,"body":"So I worked on a cyber"},{"startTime":3131.88,"endTime":3134.58,"body":"security futures exercise"},{"startTime":3134.58,"endTime":3135.413,"body":"a few years ago"},{"startTime":3135.413,"endTime":3137.64,"body":"where we called these"},{"startTime":3135.413,"endTime":3137.64,"body":"people \"the splitters\""},{"startTime":3137.64,"endTime":3139.83,"body":"that they kind of went and"},{"startTime":3137.64,"endTime":3139.83,"body":"lived on a reservation,"},{"startTime":3139.83,"endTime":3141.57,"body":"and, you know, generated their own energy"},{"startTime":3141.57,"endTime":3144.051,"body":"and worked really on the internet."},{"startTime":3144.051,"endTime":3146.67,"body":"And that said, if an avatar,"},{"startTime":3146.67,"endTime":3149.43,"body":"like the one I showed of"},{"startTime":3146.67,"endTime":3149.43,"body":"myself is how I access"},{"startTime":3149.43,"endTime":3151.29,"body":"benefits and healthcare,"},{"startTime":3151.29,"endTime":3155.58,"body":"it could be that you can't"},{"startTime":3151.29,"endTime":3155.58,"body":"access essential services"},{"startTime":3155.58,"endTime":3158.49,"body":"unless you have a metaverse,"},{"startTime":3155.58,"endTime":3158.49,"body":"a digital version of yourself."},{"startTime":3158.49,"endTime":3159.66,"body":"We already see that, don't we,"},{"startTime":3159.66,"endTime":3164.01,"body":"in terms of government filing"},{"startTime":3159.66,"endTime":3164.01,"body":"taxes, visiting the doctor,"},{"startTime":3164.01,"endTime":3165.69,"body":"etc., doing your banking,"},{"startTime":3165.69,"endTime":3168.12,"body":"you're a person because you're"},{"startTime":3165.69,"endTime":3168.12,"body":"a person online as well."},{"startTime":3168.12,"endTime":3171.51,"body":"So I think there is some"},{"startTime":3168.12,"endTime":3171.51,"body":"tensions around that,"},{"startTime":3171.51,"endTime":3173.523,"body":"but certainly I would see, you know,"},{"startTime":3174.78,"endTime":3176.52,"body":"I get the impression"},{"startTime":3174.78,"endTime":3176.52,"body":"that if you were to ask"},{"startTime":3176.52,"endTime":3179.16,"body":"Greta Thunberg and I would"},{"startTime":3176.52,"endTime":3179.16,"body":"love to have the opportunity,"},{"startTime":3179.16,"endTime":3182.46,"body":"she'd probably say, more"},{"startTime":3179.16,"endTime":3182.46,"body":"Bitcoin mining in Iceland"},{"startTime":3182.46,"endTime":3184.96,"body":"isn't necessarily a good"},{"startTime":3182.46,"endTime":3184.96,"body":"idea for the environment."},{"startTime":3186.69,"endTime":3189.72,"body":"- I'm going to take one question"},{"startTime":3186.69,"endTime":3189.72,"body":"from the cyberspace, why not?"},{"startTime":3189.72,"endTime":3190.553,"body":"- Yes, please."},{"startTime":3191.64,"endTime":3195.0,"body":"- So you alluded at the"},{"startTime":3191.64,"endTime":3195.0,"body":"early part of your lecture"},{"startTime":3195.0,"endTime":3196.77,"body":"to how work might change."},{"startTime":3196.77,"endTime":3198.99,"body":"So let's expand a little bit on..."},{"startTime":3198.99,"endTime":3200.167,"body":"the question is,"},{"startTime":3200.167,"endTime":3203.577,"body":"\"How is the metaverse"},{"startTime":3200.167,"endTime":3203.577,"body":"going to impact work?\""},{"startTime":3204.93,"endTime":3205.763,"body":"- Gosh."},{"startTime":3207.64,"endTime":3209.19,"body":"So I think you'll be unsurprised to hear,"},{"startTime":3209.19,"endTime":3213.21,"body":"that I see metaverse workplaces"},{"startTime":3213.21,"endTime":3215.64,"body":"as really just an extension"},{"startTime":3213.21,"endTime":3215.64,"body":"of what we've got,"},{"startTime":3215.64,"endTime":3217.983,"body":"but turbocharged, you know, souped up."},{"startTime":3219.635,"endTime":3222.09,"body":"So you can already see where it's headed"},{"startTime":3222.09,"endTime":3222.923,"body":"because I dunno if,"},{"startTime":3222.923,"endTime":3225.24,"body":"for those of you who use Microsoft Teams,"},{"startTime":3225.24,"endTime":3227.07,"body":"you'll have seen that there's an option"},{"startTime":3227.07,"endTime":3228.45,"body":"where you can put people in a row,"},{"startTime":3228.45,"endTime":3230.0,"body":"like they're sat in the cinema,"},{"startTime":3231.24,"endTime":3233.67,"body":"like they're at an all hands team meeting."},{"startTime":3233.67,"endTime":3236.58,"body":"So there's this idea that"},{"startTime":3233.67,"endTime":3236.58,"body":"will create different rooms"},{"startTime":3236.58,"endTime":3239.07,"body":"in which you could meet more informally"},{"startTime":3239.07,"endTime":3240.96,"body":"or you could actually have, you know,"},{"startTime":3240.96,"endTime":3244.14,"body":"a metaverse version of the kitchen"},{"startTime":3244.14,"endTime":3246.24,"body":"where you could be making"},{"startTime":3244.14,"endTime":3246.24,"body":"a cup of tea together."},{"startTime":3246.24,"endTime":3249.15,"body":"I mean you're not going"},{"startTime":3246.24,"endTime":3249.15,"body":"to get that lovely taste,"},{"startTime":3249.15,"endTime":3250.26,"body":"well, you might do,"},{"startTime":3250.26,"endTime":3251.79,"body":"lovely taste of tea,"},{"startTime":3251.79,"endTime":3254.1,"body":"rather than spiders in your mouth,"},{"startTime":3254.1,"endTime":3257.013,"body":"while you are having that kitchen moment."},{"startTime":3257.942,"endTime":3260.88,"body":"But the idea that you'll"},{"startTime":3257.942,"endTime":3260.88,"body":"be able to collaborate"},{"startTime":3260.88,"endTime":3262.44,"body":"in lots of different ways,"},{"startTime":3262.44,"endTime":3265.59,"body":"and already we've had some"},{"startTime":3262.44,"endTime":3265.59,"body":"workplace IT solutions"},{"startTime":3265.59,"endTime":3267.24,"body":"that have tried to do that."},{"startTime":3267.24,"endTime":3271.92,"body":"So we've had metas at workplace,"},{"startTime":3271.92,"endTime":3274.32,"body":"which is that idea that"},{"startTime":3271.92,"endTime":3274.32,"body":"you collaborate live time"},{"startTime":3274.32,"endTime":3277.47,"body":"and really that's what"},{"startTime":3274.32,"endTime":3277.47,"body":"SharePoint and products like that"},{"startTime":3277.47,"endTime":3278.46,"body":"are getting at."},{"startTime":3278.46,"endTime":3281.193,"body":"So if you put all of"},{"startTime":3278.46,"endTime":3281.193,"body":"what we have together,"},{"startTime":3282.33,"endTime":3284.22,"body":"and then imagine feeling like"},{"startTime":3284.22,"endTime":3285.93,"body":"you're actually in a room with people"},{"startTime":3285.93,"endTime":3288.03,"body":"and potentially like"},{"startTime":3285.93,"endTime":3288.03,"body":"you can shake the hand"},{"startTime":3288.03,"endTime":3291.603,"body":"of the important client"},{"startTime":3288.03,"endTime":3291.603,"body":"that's come to meet you, etc."},{"startTime":3293.01,"endTime":3294.72,"body":"That's where we're headed, I think."},{"startTime":3294.72,"endTime":3297.75,"body":"So Zoom plus, Teams plus."},{"startTime":3297.75,"endTime":3299.9,"body":"- Okay, let's take this"},{"startTime":3297.75,"endTime":3299.9,"body":"question from here."},{"startTime":3302.572,"endTime":3304.53,"body":"- [Male Audience Member 1]"},{"startTime":3302.572,"endTime":3304.53,"body":"Whenever I'm going anywhere new,"},{"startTime":3304.53,"endTime":3307.74,"body":"I go to Google Street"},{"startTime":3304.53,"endTime":3307.74,"body":"View and explore the area."},{"startTime":3307.74,"endTime":3310.26,"body":"When they arrive, it's"},{"startTime":3307.74,"endTime":3310.26,"body":"like a feeling of deja vu."},{"startTime":3310.26,"endTime":3313.797,"body":"I've been there already. It's"},{"startTime":3310.26,"endTime":3313.797,"body":"weird, it's absolutely weird."},{"startTime":3313.797,"endTime":3316.35,"body":"But it's amazing the amount"},{"startTime":3313.797,"endTime":3316.35,"body":"of data they've got there"},{"startTime":3316.35,"endTime":3318.75,"body":"because you can go to all"},{"startTime":3316.35,"endTime":3318.75,"body":"remote parts of the world,"},{"startTime":3318.75,"endTime":3319.89,"body":"even dangerous countries"},{"startTime":3319.89,"endTime":3321.66,"body":"you would never would've gone to before."},{"startTime":3321.66,"endTime":3324.24,"body":"Explore the little side streets."},{"startTime":3324.24,"endTime":3327.375,"body":"How did they manage to do this? (laughs)"},{"startTime":3327.375,"endTime":3331.5,"body":"- Well, I mean, there's a data"},{"startTime":3327.375,"endTime":3331.5,"body":"based version answer to that,"},{"startTime":3331.5,"endTime":3336.33,"body":"and there's a kind of lower"},{"startTime":3331.5,"endTime":3336.33,"body":"tech offline answer to that."},{"startTime":3336.33,"endTime":3338.16,"body":"And the offline answer is,"},{"startTime":3338.16,"endTime":3340.71,"body":"they go, they drive"},{"startTime":3338.16,"endTime":3340.71,"body":"around, they drive around,"},{"startTime":3340.71,"endTime":3343.5,"body":"and they capture, they"},{"startTime":3340.71,"endTime":3343.5,"body":"just take 3D photos."},{"startTime":3343.5,"endTime":3344.52,"body":"But yeah, you're absolutely right."},{"startTime":3344.52,"endTime":3349.52,"body":"I mean, I'm as baffled"},{"startTime":3344.52,"endTime":3349.52,"body":"by it in some senses."},{"startTime":3350.61,"endTime":3352.02,"body":"Not to suggest that"},{"startTime":3350.61,"endTime":3352.02,"body":"you are baffled, but I,"},{"startTime":3352.02,"endTime":3354.54,"body":"I have that sense of"},{"startTime":3352.02,"endTime":3354.54,"body":"wonderment if you like,"},{"startTime":3354.54,"endTime":3357.667,"body":"that you get there and you think,"},{"startTime":3357.667,"endTime":3360.9,"body":"\"Gosh, it is as busy as they"},{"startTime":3357.667,"endTime":3360.9,"body":"said it was going to be."},{"startTime":3360.9,"endTime":3362.97,"body":"I really shouldn't have traveled then.\""},{"startTime":3362.97,"endTime":3366.75,"body":"But then of course, if"},{"startTime":3362.97,"endTime":3366.75,"body":"you start to be driven,"},{"startTime":3366.75,"endTime":3370.38,"body":"if your choices are"},{"startTime":3366.75,"endTime":3370.38,"body":"then driven by the data,"},{"startTime":3370.38,"endTime":3372.72,"body":"what you're seeing in augmented reality,"},{"startTime":3372.72,"endTime":3375.36,"body":"or what you're seeing on"},{"startTime":3372.72,"endTime":3375.36,"body":"your mapping software,"},{"startTime":3375.36,"endTime":3378.96,"body":"whatever you use, is"},{"startTime":3375.36,"endTime":3378.96,"body":"then, it's informing you,"},{"startTime":3378.96,"endTime":3380.01,"body":"it's empowering you,"},{"startTime":3380.01,"endTime":3382.62,"body":"but it's also changing your choices."},{"startTime":3382.62,"endTime":3384.12,"body":"It's influencing your choices."},{"startTime":3384.12,"endTime":3388.29,"body":"So when I say we're already"},{"startTime":3384.12,"endTime":3388.29,"body":"digitally enhanced humans,"},{"startTime":3388.29,"endTime":3391.74,"body":"even if all we're using is"},{"startTime":3388.29,"endTime":3391.74,"body":"Google Maps or Apple Maps,"},{"startTime":3391.74,"endTime":3393.51,"body":"we're digitally enhanced humans,"},{"startTime":3393.51,"endTime":3396.57,"body":"because we know the quickest way to go,"},{"startTime":3396.57,"endTime":3397.89,"body":"but not just the quickest way to go,"},{"startTime":3397.89,"endTime":3400.413,"body":"the quickest way to go"},{"startTime":3397.89,"endTime":3400.413,"body":"at 5:30 in the evening."},{"startTime":3401.94,"endTime":3405.06,"body":"So, you know, we're"},{"startTime":3401.94,"endTime":3405.06,"body":"artificially intelligent"},{"startTime":3405.06,"endTime":3406.563,"body":"ourselves already."},{"startTime":3408.12,"endTime":3412.02,"body":"- Do you think there's"},{"startTime":3408.12,"endTime":3412.02,"body":"an interesting question"},{"startTime":3412.02,"endTime":3413.82,"body":"about the perception of reality?"},{"startTime":3413.82,"endTime":3417.714,"body":"So if those of you have watched"},{"startTime":3413.82,"endTime":3417.714,"body":"today's events on paper,"},{"startTime":3417.714,"endTime":3420.24,"body":"you see crowds of people"},{"startTime":3417.714,"endTime":3420.24,"body":"with their cameras up."},{"startTime":3420.24,"endTime":3421.26,"body":"- Mm."},{"startTime":3421.26,"endTime":3423.48,"body":"- Not remembering in their head."},{"startTime":3423.48,"endTime":3426.36,"body":"They spend ages looking"},{"startTime":3423.48,"endTime":3426.36,"body":"through the lens at something,"},{"startTime":3426.36,"endTime":3428.61,"body":"which is a structured memory,"},{"startTime":3428.61,"endTime":3431.88,"body":"not the memory one used to get"},{"startTime":3428.61,"endTime":3431.88,"body":"from just wandering around,"},{"startTime":3431.88,"endTime":3433.59,"body":"soaking it all up and"},{"startTime":3431.88,"endTime":3433.59,"body":"then talking about it"},{"startTime":3433.59,"endTime":3434.76,"body":"with your friends afterwards."},{"startTime":3434.76,"endTime":3437.67,"body":"If you then superimpose,"},{"startTime":3437.67,"endTime":3440.943,"body":"what is currently a"},{"startTime":3437.67,"endTime":3440.943,"body":"modified reality on that,"},{"startTime":3442.803,"endTime":3444.63,"body":"what does memory become,"},{"startTime":3444.63,"endTime":3447.72,"body":"what is the structure of what we recall?"},{"startTime":3447.72,"endTime":3449.07,"body":"- That's a very good question, Martin,"},{"startTime":3449.07,"endTime":3451.38,"body":"and I suggest that you"},{"startTime":3449.07,"endTime":3451.38,"body":"come back to my lecture"},{"startTime":3451.38,"endTime":3455.1,"body":"on fighting fake news. (laughs)"},{"startTime":3455.1,"endTime":3456.45,"body":"Because..."},{"startTime":3456.45,"endTime":3459.99,"body":"I think memory is super"},{"startTime":3456.45,"endTime":3459.99,"body":"fascinating in this space"},{"startTime":3459.99,"endTime":3462.96,"body":"because we don't really need to have"},{"startTime":3462.96,"endTime":3464.763,"body":"our own memories anymore, do we?"},{"startTime":3466.567,"endTime":3468.39,"body":"And what I know from a law"},{"startTime":3466.567,"endTime":3468.39,"body":"enforcement background,"},{"startTime":3468.39,"endTime":3470.49,"body":"and from people investigating crimes,"},{"startTime":3470.49,"endTime":3472.71,"body":"taking witness statements, etc.,"},{"startTime":3472.71,"endTime":3475.83,"body":"is that people's memory is fallible,"},{"startTime":3475.83,"endTime":3479.07,"body":"a device's memory isn't"},{"startTime":3475.83,"endTime":3479.07,"body":"in quite the same way."},{"startTime":3479.07,"endTime":3480.69,"body":"It is fallible in some senses,"},{"startTime":3480.69,"endTime":3483.15,"body":"but it's not inherently fallible"},{"startTime":3483.15,"endTime":3485.34,"body":"in the way that a human memory is."},{"startTime":3485.34,"endTime":3487.35,"body":"- You'd have to for Leslie"},{"startTime":3485.34,"endTime":3487.35,"body":"Thomas' lectures on..."},{"startTime":3487.35,"endTime":3491.37,"body":"- Well, I know, but, but"},{"startTime":3487.35,"endTime":3491.37,"body":"equally, I watch with interest,"},{"startTime":3491.37,"endTime":3495.54,"body":"I have younger siblings"},{"startTime":3491.37,"endTime":3495.54,"body":"and obviously I work a lot"},{"startTime":3495.54,"endTime":3497.91,"body":"with young people and they"},{"startTime":3495.54,"endTime":3497.91,"body":"will sometimes say to me"},{"startTime":3497.91,"endTime":3501.33,"body":"that they're making"},{"startTime":3497.91,"endTime":3501.33,"body":"memories by taking photos."},{"startTime":3501.33,"endTime":3503.19,"body":"I'm making memories."},{"startTime":3503.19,"endTime":3505.623,"body":"I don't need to make"},{"startTime":3503.19,"endTime":3505.623,"body":"memories. I have memories."},{"startTime":3506.55,"endTime":3509.13,"body":"But equally that idea"},{"startTime":3509.13,"endTime":3512.01,"body":"that if you hadn't taken a photo of it,"},{"startTime":3512.01,"endTime":3514.14,"body":"it didn't really happen."},{"startTime":3514.14,"endTime":3514.973,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3516.618,"endTime":3517.59,"body":"- [Male Audience Member 2]"},{"startTime":3516.618,"endTime":3517.59,"body":"You had a slide up there"},{"startTime":3517.59,"endTime":3521.4,"body":"and you had like, seemed to"},{"startTime":3517.59,"endTime":3521.4,"body":"have all different, you know,"},{"startTime":3521.4,"endTime":3525.51,"body":"sort of human activity, yeah, but no,"},{"startTime":3525.51,"endTime":3530.51,"body":"she had like military lawyer was missing."},{"startTime":3531.99,"endTime":3536.99,"body":"But obviously, you know,"},{"startTime":3531.99,"endTime":3536.99,"body":"military and soldiering"},{"startTime":3538.47,"endTime":3543.27,"body":"and warfare is a yeah, all"},{"startTime":3538.47,"endTime":3543.27,"body":"throughout human history"},{"startTime":3543.27,"endTime":3545.04,"body":"has been a feature of a human history."},{"startTime":3545.04,"endTime":3549.06,"body":"So I mean, how about sort of"},{"startTime":3545.04,"endTime":3549.06,"body":"militaries and governments"},{"startTime":3549.06,"endTime":3551.67,"body":"and law enforcement using the metaverse,"},{"startTime":3551.67,"endTime":3555.09,"body":"either inside the metaverse"},{"startTime":3551.67,"endTime":3555.09,"body":"or using the metaverse,"},{"startTime":3555.09,"endTime":3560.09,"body":"you know, to do their"},{"startTime":3555.09,"endTime":3560.09,"body":"activities in the real world?"},{"startTime":3563.85,"endTime":3564.84,"body":"- You're absolutely right."},{"startTime":3564.84,"endTime":3567.63,"body":"And actually when I was putting"},{"startTime":3564.84,"endTime":3567.63,"body":"this presentation together,"},{"startTime":3567.63,"endTime":3570.21,"body":"that's a mind map that I produced"},{"startTime":3570.21,"endTime":3573.69,"body":"for some cyber security"},{"startTime":3570.21,"endTime":3573.69,"body":"scenarios that we did for 2030."},{"startTime":3573.69,"endTime":3575.1,"body":"And because we were coming at it"},{"startTime":3575.1,"endTime":3578.063,"body":"from the perspective of"},{"startTime":3575.1,"endTime":3578.063,"body":"security, and law enforcement,"},{"startTime":3578.063,"endTime":3580.29,"body":"and law and order, and governance,"},{"startTime":3580.29,"endTime":3581.85,"body":"that was kind of underneath"},{"startTime":3581.85,"endTime":3583.26,"body":"all of those different activities,"},{"startTime":3583.26,"endTime":3585.06,"body":"but wasn't listed as a separate one."},{"startTime":3585.06,"endTime":3587.37,"body":"But actually when I came back"},{"startTime":3585.06,"endTime":3587.37,"body":"to that for this presentation,"},{"startTime":3587.37,"endTime":3589.44,"body":"I thought, \"Oh, I haven't"},{"startTime":3587.37,"endTime":3589.44,"body":"got military in there."},{"startTime":3589.44,"endTime":3592.272,"body":"I haven't got law enforcement in there,\""},{"startTime":3592.272,"endTime":3595.23,"body":"So well spotted in the first place,"},{"startTime":3595.23,"endTime":3599.22,"body":"but also it's something"},{"startTime":3595.23,"endTime":3599.22,"body":"that law enforcement"},{"startTime":3599.22,"endTime":3600.57,"body":"have been doing for a really long time."},{"startTime":3600.57,"endTime":3601.92,"body":"So we had, you know,"},{"startTime":3601.92,"endTime":3604.32,"body":"the FBI and other law enforcement agencies"},{"startTime":3604.32,"endTime":3606.66,"body":"setting up police stations in Second Life"},{"startTime":3606.66,"endTime":3608.67,"body":"nearly 20 years ago."},{"startTime":3608.67,"endTime":3610.86,"body":"They weren't particularly successful."},{"startTime":3610.86,"endTime":3613.62,"body":"But that idea that the police,"},{"startTime":3613.62,"endTime":3616.56,"body":"that governments had to be"},{"startTime":3613.62,"endTime":3616.56,"body":"in those virtual worlds,"},{"startTime":3616.56,"endTime":3619.02,"body":"has been around for"},{"startTime":3616.56,"endTime":3619.02,"body":"quite a long time. Yeah."},{"startTime":3619.02,"endTime":3621.21,"body":"- Victoria, thank you very"},{"startTime":3619.02,"endTime":3621.21,"body":"much for a wonderful lecture."},{"startTime":3621.21,"endTime":3622.043,"body":"Victoria Baines."},{"startTime":3622.043,"endTime":3623.627,"body":"- Thank You."},{"startTime":3623.627,"endTime":3624.91,"body":"(audience applauds)"}]}