{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.125,"endTime":2.958,"body":"(whooshing music)"},{"startTime":6.0,"endTime":7.02,"body":"- Thank you very much,"},{"startTime":7.02,"endTime":10.86,"body":"I'm delighted to be here"},{"startTime":7.02,"endTime":10.86,"body":"in the heart of London,"},{"startTime":10.86,"endTime":15.86,"body":"a city which Louis XIV came"},{"startTime":10.86,"endTime":15.86,"body":"to regard as an enemy capital,"},{"startTime":15.981,"endTime":17.37,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"startTime":17.37,"endTime":21.15,"body":"but I want to stress tonight"},{"startTime":21.15,"endTime":25.26,"body":"the more peaceful and"},{"startTime":21.15,"endTime":25.26,"body":"art-loving sides of Louis XIV,"},{"startTime":25.26,"endTime":30.18,"body":"which are just as"},{"startTime":25.26,"endTime":30.18,"body":"characteristic of him as war,"},{"startTime":30.18,"endTime":35.18,"body":"the many wars he fought"},{"startTime":30.18,"endTime":35.18,"body":"with Britain in particular."},{"startTime":35.4,"endTime":38.13,"body":"Here, he is presented as a warlord"},{"startTime":38.13,"endTime":42.063,"body":"by his principle artist Charles Lefevre,"},{"startTime":42.93,"endTime":45.48,"body":"he's a a warrior king on horseback,"},{"startTime":45.48,"endTime":46.65,"body":"a rearing horse,"},{"startTime":46.65,"endTime":48.6,"body":"which he's controlling effortlessly,"},{"startTime":48.6,"endTime":52.11,"body":"as kings were often presented,"},{"startTime":52.11,"endTime":56.16,"body":"and he lived in the classical past,"},{"startTime":56.16,"endTime":59.043,"body":"as a lot of rulers then did."},{"startTime":59.91,"endTime":61.23,"body":"Versailles, in a way,"},{"startTime":61.23,"endTime":63.42,"body":"is a love letter to the Roman Empire,"},{"startTime":63.42,"endTime":66.63,"body":"it's trying to be better"},{"startTime":63.42,"endTime":66.63,"body":"than Roman palaces,"},{"startTime":66.63,"endTime":68.85,"body":"both ancient and modern."},{"startTime":68.85,"endTime":73.02,"body":"And here he is as a"},{"startTime":68.85,"endTime":73.02,"body":"Roman emperor by Mignard."},{"startTime":73.02,"endTime":77.04,"body":"Almost all these pictures are"},{"startTime":73.02,"endTime":77.04,"body":"in the Chateau de Versailles,"},{"startTime":77.04,"endTime":78.63,"body":"either in the royal apartments"},{"startTime":78.63,"endTime":83.63,"body":"or in the Musee de l'Histoire"},{"startTime":78.63,"endTime":83.63,"body":"de France, in side wings."},{"startTime":83.79,"endTime":86.07,"body":"He's a Roman emperor,"},{"startTime":83.79,"endTime":86.07,"body":"crowned with Victory,"},{"startTime":86.07,"endTime":87.75,"body":"in front of Maastricht,"},{"startTime":87.75,"endTime":90.93,"body":"which has just fallen to French armies."},{"startTime":90.93,"endTime":92.37,"body":"In fact, at that time,"},{"startTime":92.37,"endTime":93.87,"body":"he was allied with England,"},{"startTime":93.87,"endTime":96.27,"body":"so this is the siege where John Churchill,"},{"startTime":96.27,"endTime":97.77,"body":"later Duke of Marlborough,"},{"startTime":97.77,"endTime":101.613,"body":"is learning the art of war."},{"startTime":103.5,"endTime":107.31,"body":"Louis XIV, the longest"},{"startTime":103.5,"endTime":107.31,"body":"reign in modern history,"},{"startTime":107.31,"endTime":111.093,"body":"longer even than Elizabeth II,"},{"startTime":111.93,"endTime":115.29,"body":"1643 to 1715,"},{"startTime":116.82,"endTime":120.84,"body":"he saw himself, also, as"},{"startTime":116.82,"endTime":120.84,"body":"a new Alexander the Great,"},{"startTime":120.84,"endTime":123.09,"body":"whose history he had read,"},{"startTime":123.09,"endTime":124.17,"body":"and he's a warlord"},{"startTime":124.17,"endTime":127.77,"body":"with the most alarming and toughest army"},{"startTime":127.77,"endTime":130.23,"body":"of the Europe of his time,"},{"startTime":130.23,"endTime":132.6,"body":"he's devastating the Rhineland,"},{"startTime":132.6,"endTime":134.7,"body":"these poor German cities,"},{"startTime":134.7,"endTime":138.393,"body":"and Genoa, Brussels,"},{"startTime":134.7,"endTime":138.393,"body":"Algiers also bombarded,"},{"startTime":139.74,"endTime":142.083,"body":"and in the end, he loses his wars,"},{"startTime":143.31,"endTime":146.22,"body":"the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713,"},{"startTime":146.22,"endTime":149.85,"body":"France hands some provinces back."},{"startTime":149.85,"endTime":152.79,"body":"But as a patron of the arts,"},{"startTime":152.79,"endTime":154.38,"body":"I will try to show tonight,"},{"startTime":154.38,"endTime":157.32,"body":"he's much, much more successful,"},{"startTime":157.32,"endTime":160.11,"body":"and in fact, he won victory after victory,"},{"startTime":160.11,"endTime":161.25,"body":"and I would even suggest"},{"startTime":161.25,"endTime":164.4,"body":"he's possibly the greatest"},{"startTime":161.25,"endTime":164.4,"body":"patron of the arts"},{"startTime":164.4,"endTime":166.11,"body":"in the history of Europe,"},{"startTime":166.11,"endTime":169.203,"body":"so we'll discuss him as a patron."},{"startTime":170.37,"endTime":174.66,"body":"And here you see a"},{"startTime":170.37,"endTime":174.66,"body":"picture by Nicolas Loir,"},{"startTime":174.66,"endTime":177.84,"body":"which, rather amazingly, is in Stockport,"},{"startTime":177.84,"endTime":181.23,"body":"and this shows the triumph of the arts,"},{"startTime":181.23,"endTime":184.68,"body":"a constant theme in the"},{"startTime":181.23,"endTime":184.68,"body":"decoration of Versailles,"},{"startTime":184.68,"endTime":189.39,"body":"and top-left, there is the"},{"startTime":184.68,"endTime":189.39,"body":"dark figure of the key man,"},{"startTime":189.39,"endTime":191.49,"body":"the key fixer, Colbert,"},{"startTime":191.49,"endTime":195.54,"body":"who is in charge of the court"},{"startTime":191.49,"endTime":195.54,"body":"of money of the interior"},{"startTime":195.54,"endTime":196.53,"body":"of the economy,"},{"startTime":196.53,"endTime":199.983,"body":"it's he who actually pays the artists."},{"startTime":201.45,"endTime":204.093,"body":"And another picture on this theme,"},{"startTime":206.07,"endTime":208.86,"body":"it's by Jean Garnier, at Versailles,"},{"startTime":208.86,"endTime":213.45,"body":"it shows Louis XIV as protector"},{"startTime":208.86,"endTime":213.45,"body":"of the arts and sciences,"},{"startTime":213.45,"endTime":216.93,"body":"you see musical instruments, a globe,"},{"startTime":216.93,"endTime":219.03,"body":"very keen on global travel,"},{"startTime":219.03,"endTime":222.393,"body":"and other symbols of the arts."},{"startTime":224.46,"endTime":227.803,"body":"And even more, this is Louis XIV,"},{"startTime":227.803,"endTime":231.15,"body":"a fantasy visit to the"},{"startTime":227.803,"endTime":231.15,"body":"Academy of Sciences,"},{"startTime":231.15,"endTime":232.533,"body":"which he founded."},{"startTime":233.67,"endTime":235.44,"body":"Behind him is the observatory,"},{"startTime":235.44,"endTime":237.63,"body":"which is just being restored"},{"startTime":237.63,"endTime":240.15,"body":"and will soon be open to the public again,"},{"startTime":240.15,"endTime":243.123,"body":"at the end of the Jardin du Luxembourg,"},{"startTime":243.99,"endTime":245.73,"body":"which he founded,"},{"startTime":245.73,"endTime":250.02,"body":"and you see he's surrounded"},{"startTime":245.73,"endTime":250.02,"body":"by scientists and artists,"},{"startTime":254.13,"endTime":256.17,"body":"there are too many to list them all."},{"startTime":256.17,"endTime":257.28,"body":"Here is the King,"},{"startTime":257.28,"endTime":260.88,"body":"this is the all important Colbert again,"},{"startTime":260.88,"endTime":263.19,"body":"here is his brother, Monsieur,"},{"startTime":263.19,"endTime":266.16,"body":"this is probably the premier"},{"startTime":263.19,"endTime":266.16,"body":"gentilhomme de la chambre,"},{"startTime":266.16,"endTime":268.14,"body":"the key court official,"},{"startTime":268.14,"endTime":270.48,"body":"a globe, again, a globe,"},{"startTime":270.48,"endTime":273.72,"body":"French scientists,"},{"startTime":270.48,"endTime":273.72,"body":"cartographers, astronomers"},{"startTime":273.72,"endTime":276.48,"body":"were then the best in the world."},{"startTime":276.48,"endTime":278.167,"body":"In fact, Lord Macaulay later wrote,"},{"startTime":278.167,"endTime":283.167,"body":"\"France had the domination"},{"startTime":278.167,"endTime":283.167,"body":"of Athens and of Rome,"},{"startTime":283.387,"endTime":286.407,"body":"\"of the arts and of power.\""},{"startTime":287.67,"endTime":291.45,"body":"And he's following a tradition"},{"startTime":287.67,"endTime":291.45,"body":"of the French monarchy"},{"startTime":291.45,"endTime":294.21,"body":"since St. Louis, or maybe earlier,"},{"startTime":294.21,"endTime":298.19,"body":"it had been a leader in"},{"startTime":294.21,"endTime":298.19,"body":"patronage of the arts in Europe"},{"startTime":298.19,"endTime":300.84,"body":"in the Gothic style,"},{"startTime":300.84,"endTime":301.673,"body":"Francois I,"},{"startTime":302.88,"endTime":307.14,"body":"who brings Leonardo and"},{"startTime":302.88,"endTime":307.14,"body":"others to the French court,"},{"startTime":307.14,"endTime":307.973,"body":"there's this feeling"},{"startTime":307.973,"endTime":311.34,"body":"it should the European"},{"startTime":307.973,"endTime":311.34,"body":"magnet for the arts."},{"startTime":311.34,"endTime":313.71,"body":"And Colbert said to Bernini,"},{"startTime":313.71,"endTime":316.41,"body":"who is specially summoned from Rome,"},{"startTime":316.41,"endTime":319.74,"body":"the greatest artistic genius of the day,"},{"startTime":319.74,"endTime":321.06,"body":"to France,"},{"startTime":321.06,"endTime":323.7,"body":"he said the King would spare nothing"},{"startTime":323.7,"endTime":327.66,"body":"to make the arts flourish in France."},{"startTime":327.66,"endTime":331.08,"body":"And he himself insisted"},{"startTime":327.66,"endTime":331.08,"body":"on the highest quality,"},{"startTime":331.08,"endTime":333.09,"body":"that may be why they did flourish,"},{"startTime":333.09,"endTime":337.35,"body":"he personally selected"},{"startTime":333.09,"endTime":337.35,"body":"the pictures on his walls,"},{"startTime":337.35,"endTime":339.66,"body":"the singers in his choirs,"},{"startTime":339.66,"endTime":344.19,"body":"including, which was very"},{"startTime":339.66,"endTime":344.19,"body":"unusual for the time, some women,"},{"startTime":344.19,"endTime":346.71,"body":"and the sculptures in his gardens,"},{"startTime":346.71,"endTime":350.58,"body":"and he chose musicians"},{"startTime":346.71,"endTime":350.58,"body":"like Lully and Couperin"},{"startTime":350.58,"endTime":353.4,"body":"so that the music in his choirs"},{"startTime":353.4,"endTime":356.04,"body":"in the fantastic chapel of Versailles"},{"startTime":356.04,"endTime":357.543,"body":"was the best in Europe."},{"startTime":358.62,"endTime":360.24,"body":"An ambassador said"},{"startTime":360.24,"endTime":362.34,"body":"that when they were"},{"startTime":360.24,"endTime":362.34,"body":"posted to other courts,"},{"startTime":362.34,"endTime":363.99,"body":"they had to block their ears,"},{"startTime":363.99,"endTime":366.09,"body":"the music was so bad."},{"startTime":366.09,"endTime":368.64,"body":"And he's really involved,"},{"startTime":368.64,"endTime":371.22,"body":"he's not just commissioning and paying,"},{"startTime":371.22,"endTime":374.58,"body":"he's actually participating"},{"startTime":371.22,"endTime":374.58,"body":"in the creative process,"},{"startTime":374.58,"endTime":375.63,"body":"in my opinion."},{"startTime":375.63,"endTime":379.77,"body":"He personally directed"},{"startTime":375.63,"endTime":379.77,"body":"the design and decoration"},{"startTime":379.77,"endTime":381.27,"body":"not only of Versailles,"},{"startTime":381.27,"endTime":383.07,"body":"but also of the Trianon,"},{"startTime":383.07,"endTime":386.67,"body":"of his vanished pavilion at Marly,"},{"startTime":386.67,"endTime":388.023,"body":"and of the Louvre."},{"startTime":388.92,"endTime":393.03,"body":"And while he's rather"},{"startTime":388.92,"endTime":393.03,"body":"reserved, rather silent"},{"startTime":393.03,"endTime":394.98,"body":"towards most of his courtiers,"},{"startTime":394.98,"endTime":396.45,"body":"he had to be because, otherwise,"},{"startTime":396.45,"endTime":399.51,"body":"they would never have"},{"startTime":396.45,"endTime":399.51,"body":"stopped asking for favors,"},{"startTime":399.51,"endTime":402.45,"body":"he's very polite to artists."},{"startTime":402.45,"endTime":407.45,"body":"He allowed Bernini to run"},{"startTime":402.45,"endTime":407.45,"body":"his fingers through his hair,"},{"startTime":407.61,"endTime":409.23,"body":"through the King's hair,"},{"startTime":409.23,"endTime":411.66,"body":"when he's sculpting a bust of the King,"},{"startTime":411.66,"endTime":415.38,"body":"to rearrange the hair to suit Bernini,"},{"startTime":415.38,"endTime":417.33,"body":"and Bernini talks to him as an equal,"},{"startTime":417.33,"endTime":418.71,"body":"he tells the King"},{"startTime":418.71,"endTime":420.66,"body":"that for someone who'd"},{"startTime":418.71,"endTime":420.66,"body":"never been to Italy,"},{"startTime":420.66,"endTime":423.516,"body":"he had surprisingly good taste, and so on,"},{"startTime":423.516,"endTime":425.37,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"startTime":425.37,"endTime":428.913,"body":"so very much an equal."},{"startTime":429.9,"endTime":432.36,"body":"Andre Le Notre, his great gardener,"},{"startTime":432.36,"endTime":434.76,"body":"the designer of the park at Versailles,"},{"startTime":434.76,"endTime":436.56,"body":"of many other parks,"},{"startTime":436.56,"endTime":437.91,"body":"not only around Paris,"},{"startTime":437.91,"endTime":439.86,"body":"but even in Europe,"},{"startTime":439.86,"endTime":443.22,"body":"St. James's Park a bit, Greenwich a bit,"},{"startTime":443.22,"endTime":444.54,"body":"he's treated as a friend."},{"startTime":444.54,"endTime":448.02,"body":"He gives the King part of his collection"},{"startTime":448.02,"endTime":449.64,"body":"of pictures and bronzes,"},{"startTime":449.64,"endTime":451.38,"body":"and towards the end of his life,"},{"startTime":451.38,"endTime":453.42,"body":"when they're both old,"},{"startTime":453.42,"endTime":455.97,"body":"they both have wheelchairs"},{"startTime":455.97,"endTime":458.34,"body":"and are pushed round sort of together,"},{"startTime":458.34,"endTime":459.51,"body":"almost as equals,"},{"startTime":459.51,"endTime":461.343,"body":"round the Park of Versailles."},{"startTime":466.77,"endTime":469.65,"body":"Those are the astronomers,"},{"startTime":469.65,"endTime":470.82,"body":"here is another picture"},{"startTime":470.82,"endTime":474.72,"body":"of Royal Magnificence"},{"startTime":470.82,"endTime":474.72,"body":"patronizing the arts,"},{"startTime":474.72,"endTime":479.72,"body":"it hung in Louis XIV's Petite Galerie"},{"startTime":480.03,"endTime":481.32,"body":"on the first floor of Versailles,"},{"startTime":481.32,"endTime":482.28,"body":"it no longer exists,"},{"startTime":482.28,"endTime":484.17,"body":"where he kept his private collection,"},{"startTime":484.17,"endTime":486.42,"body":"as well as the grand official pictures"},{"startTime":486.42,"endTime":488.64,"body":"which you can still see some of them"},{"startTime":488.64,"endTime":490.233,"body":"in the state apartments."},{"startTime":492.45,"endTime":496.92,"body":"And Louis XIV's own"},{"startTime":492.45,"endTime":496.92,"body":"person was a work of art."},{"startTime":496.92,"endTime":498.66,"body":"We don't have any of his clothes,"},{"startTime":498.66,"endTime":500.97,"body":"because if they had survived,"},{"startTime":500.97,"endTime":502.74,"body":"they would have been"},{"startTime":500.97,"endTime":502.74,"body":"destroyed at the revolution,"},{"startTime":502.74,"endTime":505.92,"body":"all the best French ancien regime clothes"},{"startTime":505.92,"endTime":507.723,"body":"are from outside France,"},{"startTime":508.98,"endTime":510.75,"body":"but we do have his jewel box,"},{"startTime":510.75,"endTime":512.55,"body":"which you see here,"},{"startTime":512.55,"endTime":515.1,"body":"made for him in 1675,"},{"startTime":515.1,"endTime":516.09,"body":"you can see it"},{"startTime":516.09,"endTime":520.747,"body":"in the Salle des Objets"},{"startTime":516.09,"endTime":520.747,"body":"d'Art in the Louvre now,"},{"startTime":521.7,"endTime":523.92,"body":"and he loved jewels."},{"startTime":523.92,"endTime":526.11,"body":"He's personally choosing jewels,"},{"startTime":526.11,"endTime":529.23,"body":"and which jewels his"},{"startTime":526.11,"endTime":529.23,"body":"mistress, Madame de Montespan,"},{"startTime":529.23,"endTime":530.88,"body":"should wear,"},{"startTime":530.88,"endTime":534.84,"body":"he would walk close to the"},{"startTime":530.88,"endTime":534.84,"body":"ladies of the court at a ceremony"},{"startTime":534.84,"endTime":537.57,"body":"so they could admire his clothes"},{"startTime":537.57,"endTime":540.0,"body":"and the jewels on his clothes,"},{"startTime":540.0,"endTime":543.54,"body":"he's hoovering up jewels"},{"startTime":540.0,"endTime":543.54,"body":"throughout his reign"},{"startTime":543.54,"endTime":545.67,"body":"for his personal collection."},{"startTime":545.67,"endTime":549.51,"body":"It's made by Jacob Blanck from Nuremberg."},{"startTime":549.51,"endTime":550.8,"body":"And he insists"},{"startTime":550.8,"endTime":554.34,"body":"that his courtiers buy sumptuous clothes"},{"startTime":554.34,"endTime":558.84,"body":"for ceremonies like royal"},{"startTime":554.34,"endTime":558.84,"body":"marriages, and so on,"},{"startTime":558.84,"endTime":561.12,"body":"to help the Paris dress trade."},{"startTime":561.12,"endTime":563.73,"body":"So here, we're in the Mercers' Hall,"},{"startTime":563.73,"endTime":566.58,"body":"and Versailles itself"},{"startTime":563.73,"endTime":566.58,"body":"was like a mercers' hall,"},{"startTime":566.58,"endTime":571.44,"body":"it's a show place for fashions"},{"startTime":566.58,"endTime":571.44,"body":"and other luxury products,"},{"startTime":571.44,"endTime":573.48,"body":"as well as a royal palace."},{"startTime":573.48,"endTime":577.68,"body":"And he visits factories"},{"startTime":573.48,"endTime":577.68,"body":"making lace, and so on,"},{"startTime":577.68,"endTime":579.69,"body":"in order to encourage them,"},{"startTime":579.69,"endTime":582.6,"body":"following Colbert's advice,"},{"startTime":582.6,"endTime":585.603,"body":"Colbert sometimes would"},{"startTime":582.6,"endTime":585.603,"body":"tell the King what to do."},{"startTime":586.83,"endTime":587.79,"body":"And of course,"},{"startTime":587.79,"endTime":592.79,"body":"his lace neckties would be"},{"startTime":587.79,"endTime":592.79,"body":"covered in signs of his monarchy,"},{"startTime":593.88,"endTime":597.21,"body":"sun rays, or L's, or fleurs-de-lis,"},{"startTime":597.21,"endTime":600.0,"body":"and he starts the \"Mercure Galant,\""},{"startTime":600.0,"endTime":604.503,"body":"which is the first regular"},{"startTime":600.0,"endTime":604.503,"body":"fashion magazine in Europe,"},{"startTime":605.52,"endTime":610.52,"body":"encouraging Europe to"},{"startTime":605.52,"endTime":610.52,"body":"follow French fashions,"},{"startTime":611.01,"endTime":613.23,"body":"it was dedicated to Louis XIV"},{"startTime":613.23,"endTime":615.66,"body":"and it received a government subsidy."},{"startTime":615.66,"endTime":617.25,"body":"And all this goes on today,"},{"startTime":617.25,"endTime":619.41,"body":"one of the biggest industries in France"},{"startTime":619.41,"endTime":620.94,"body":"is the luxury industry,"},{"startTime":620.94,"endTime":624.03,"body":"perfumes, clothes, and so on, as you know,"},{"startTime":624.03,"endTime":629.03,"body":"and now, a Frenchman has"},{"startTime":624.03,"endTime":629.03,"body":"taken over Christie's,"},{"startTime":631.08,"endTime":632.46,"body":"and I think Sotheby's too,"},{"startTime":632.46,"endTime":634.89,"body":"so the sale of works of art,"},{"startTime":634.89,"endTime":637.35,"body":"as in the time of Louis XIV,"},{"startTime":637.35,"endTime":640.353,"body":"is now being orchestrated from Paris."},{"startTime":642.0,"endTime":643.5,"body":"Dress."},{"startTime":643.5,"endTime":647.19,"body":"Now, there you see the detail,"},{"startTime":647.19,"endTime":651.517,"body":"this very luxurious filigree,"},{"startTime":647.19,"endTime":651.517,"body":"detailed ornamentation"},{"startTime":652.62,"endTime":656.61,"body":"on objects, on buildings, on clothes,"},{"startTime":656.61,"endTime":660.903,"body":"which is a hallmark of le style Louis XIV."},{"startTime":662.61,"endTime":665.1,"body":"And here he is dancing, as a young man,"},{"startTime":665.1,"endTime":668.25,"body":"in a court ballet as Apollo,"},{"startTime":668.25,"endTime":670.44,"body":"Apollo, the god of the arts,"},{"startTime":670.44,"endTime":672.69,"body":"and he never stops dancing really"},{"startTime":672.69,"endTime":673.8,"body":"all through his reign,"},{"startTime":673.8,"endTime":678.8,"body":"he dances as a young king with"},{"startTime":673.8,"endTime":678.8,"body":"the queen of Poland in 1645,"},{"startTime":678.957,"endTime":682.23,"body":"and this is dancing during the Fronde,"},{"startTime":682.23,"endTime":684.66,"body":"even the terrible civil war of his youth,"},{"startTime":684.66,"endTime":687.42,"body":"the court ballet never really stops,"},{"startTime":687.42,"endTime":689.13,"body":"'cause you have to think,"},{"startTime":689.13,"endTime":690.87,"body":"we are at the French court,"},{"startTime":690.87,"endTime":692.28,"body":"the party has to go on"},{"startTime":692.28,"endTime":695.703,"body":"even if there are"},{"startTime":692.28,"endTime":695.703,"body":"rebellions and civil war."},{"startTime":696.87,"endTime":699.09,"body":"And his father had danced,"},{"startTime":699.09,"endTime":702.48,"body":"and his other predecessors"},{"startTime":699.09,"endTime":702.48,"body":"had also danced in ballets,"},{"startTime":702.48,"endTime":705.78,"body":"it's a way of assembling the great nobles"},{"startTime":705.78,"endTime":708.6,"body":"and the great talents around the king."},{"startTime":708.6,"endTime":712.74,"body":"He would practice dancing"},{"startTime":708.6,"endTime":712.74,"body":"in his own rooms every day"},{"startTime":712.74,"endTime":714.99,"body":"as a young man, apparently,"},{"startTime":714.99,"endTime":719.46,"body":"and he would dance in"},{"startTime":714.99,"endTime":719.46,"body":"public until he was 30,"},{"startTime":719.46,"endTime":721.37,"body":"and in private until he was 60,"},{"startTime":721.37,"endTime":725.61,"body":"at Marly, where the"},{"startTime":721.37,"endTime":725.61,"body":"public was not admitted,"},{"startTime":725.61,"endTime":729.59,"body":"and sometimes, he dances as..."},{"startTime":735.3,"endTime":736.8,"body":"I'm quoting from another ballet,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":739.027,"endTime":742.987,"body":"\"I have vanquished that python"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":739.027,"endTime":742.987,"body":"who devastated the world,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":742.987,"endTime":744.217,"body":"\"that terrible serpent,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":744.217,"endTime":746.077,"body":"\"that is the serpent of rebellion,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":746.077,"endTime":747.937,"body":"\"whom hell and the Fronde"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":747.937,"endTime":750.787,"body":"\"had seasoned with a dangerous venom."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":750.787,"endTime":754.44,"body":"\"Revolt, in one word,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":750.787,"endTime":754.44,"body":"can no longer harm me.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":754.44,"endTime":755.82,"body":"So it's all political,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":755.82,"endTime":759.66,"body":"like everything under Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":759.66,"endTime":761.15,"body":"And there were also..."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":765.0,"endTime":767.7,"body":"Versailles and the French court"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":765.0,"endTime":767.7,"body":"were very close to animals,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":767.7,"endTime":770.49,"body":"often dogs meant more to them than humans,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":770.49,"endTime":771.81,"body":"we'll come to that later,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":771.81,"endTime":774.36,"body":"horses were very much part of daily life."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":774.36,"endTime":777.33,"body":"This shows a carousel, or horse ballet,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":777.33,"endTime":779.55,"body":"that he put on in 1662"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":779.55,"endTime":782.52,"body":"in front of the Tuileries Palace there,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":782.52,"endTime":785.133,"body":"which no longer exists,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":786.18,"endTime":788.19,"body":"and this was very carefully orchestrated,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":788.19,"endTime":791.43,"body":"all the lords of the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":788.19,"endTime":791.43,"body":"court are participating,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":791.43,"endTime":794.55,"body":"and it's specifically for the public,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":794.55,"endTime":796.5,"body":"also watching roundabout,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":796.5,"endTime":798.84,"body":"and they'd paraded through"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":796.5,"endTime":798.84,"body":"the streets of Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":798.84,"endTime":800.58,"body":"Parisians had been told in advance,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":800.58,"endTime":803.1,"body":"everything is to entertain Parisians,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":803.1,"endTime":805.75,"body":"and also to keep them quiet."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":805.75,"endTime":807.12,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":807.12,"endTime":809.403,"body":"And this horse ballet,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":810.78,"endTime":813.24,"body":"I mean you can now see a"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":810.78,"endTime":813.24,"body":"bit in Vienna, I think,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":813.24,"endTime":816.96,"body":"but it's nothing like"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":813.24,"endTime":816.96,"body":"what these carousels were,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":816.96,"endTime":820.05,"body":"again, occupying a lot of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":816.96,"endTime":820.05,"body":"people's time and energy"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":820.05,"endTime":821.703,"body":"for many, many hours."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":824.79,"endTime":829.143,"body":"Here he is as emperor of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":824.79,"endTime":829.143,"body":"the Romans in this carousel,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":830.13,"endTime":832.05,"body":"special costumes."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":832.05,"endTime":835.95,"body":"Here is a comedie-ballet, 1664,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":835.95,"endTime":837.87,"body":"performed at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":837.87,"endTime":842.01,"body":"a comedy by Moliere,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":837.87,"endTime":842.01,"body":"\"La Princesse d'Elide,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":842.01,"endTime":845.07,"body":"but there are always intervals of ballet"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":845.07,"endTime":846.837,"body":"to entertain the court,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":846.837,"endTime":851.13,"body":"and the King is watching,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":846.837,"endTime":851.13,"body":"with his wife and mother,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":851.13,"endTime":852.033,"body":"in the front."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":854.67,"endTime":856.5,"body":"You shouldn't think of the French court"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":856.5,"endTime":859.71,"body":"as very orderly or regimented,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":859.71,"endTime":860.76,"body":"that's for other courts,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":860.76,"endTime":864.18,"body":"it's lots of pushing and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":860.76,"endTime":864.18,"body":"shoving, and pushing for food,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":864.18,"endTime":866.67,"body":"and disrespectful even"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":864.18,"endTime":866.67,"body":"to the King's brother"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":866.67,"endTime":867.81,"body":"or the King's wife."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":867.81,"endTime":871.77,"body":"Sometimes, Louis XIV had"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":867.81,"endTime":871.77,"body":"to use his cane himself"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":871.77,"endTime":874.863,"body":"to make a way through"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":871.77,"endTime":874.863,"body":"the crowd for ladies."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":876.66,"endTime":880.26,"body":"Here you see another ballet, 1664,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":880.26,"endTime":882.18,"body":"in the gardens of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":882.18,"endTime":884.463,"body":"you see food is being brought in,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":886.17,"endTime":888.93,"body":"the royal family and its"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":886.17,"endTime":888.93,"body":"guests are eating first,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":888.93,"endTime":890.46,"body":"then they leave the table,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":890.46,"endTime":893.13,"body":"and then they watch all"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":890.46,"endTime":893.13,"body":"the members of the public"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":893.13,"endTime":895.38,"body":"rushing to grab the food themselves,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":895.38,"endTime":897.28,"body":"and that is part of the entertainment,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":898.65,"endTime":902.017,"body":"food historians call it a food scramble."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":902.017,"endTime":902.97,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":902.97,"endTime":905.006,"body":"I'm sure we'd behave much better."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":905.006,"endTime":907.23,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":907.23,"endTime":909.573,"body":"And it becomes a science."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":912.18,"endTime":916.17,"body":"He founded the Academie de Danse in 1664,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":917.79,"endTime":920.85,"body":"and he says it's"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":917.79,"endTime":920.85,"body":"specifically to train nobles"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":920.85,"endTime":922.95,"body":"to have better bodies,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":922.95,"endTime":925.17,"body":"it's the gym of its day,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":925.17,"endTime":927.39,"body":"so they will fight better in war,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":927.39,"endTime":929.13,"body":"as well as be healthier."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":929.13,"endTime":931.383,"body":"You have to think of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":932.61,"endTime":935.25,"body":"as you queue or go round in a crowd,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":935.25,"endTime":938.91,"body":"there was always music and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":935.25,"endTime":938.91,"body":"parties going on in the evening,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":938.91,"endTime":941.01,"body":"not just in the King's apartments,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":941.01,"endTime":944.913,"body":"but also in courtiers'"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":941.01,"endTime":944.913,"body":"apartments and in the chapel,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":950.411,"endTime":953.52,"body":"Lully and Lalande are making music,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":953.52,"endTime":958.52,"body":"and the King himself was a melomane."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":962.347,"endTime":964.057,"body":"\"The King's greatest taste at the moment"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":964.057,"endTime":965.55,"body":"\"is for Italian music,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":965.55,"endTime":967.237,"body":"wrote an ambassador in 1660,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":967.237,"endTime":970.56,"body":"\"occupying him for three or"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":967.237,"endTime":970.56,"body":"four hours every evening.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":970.56,"endTime":973.14,"body":"He would play the guitar himself,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":973.14,"endTime":977.01,"body":"he would dance with Madame de"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":973.14,"endTime":977.01,"body":"Montespan alone in private,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":977.01,"endTime":979.68,"body":"and even at the age of 60,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":979.68,"endTime":983.04,"body":"he's sometimes singing"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":979.68,"endTime":983.04,"body":"along with ladies in waiting"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":983.04,"endTime":986.28,"body":"in private concerts."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":986.28,"endTime":989.1,"body":"His taste was more Italian and less French"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":989.1,"endTime":990.63,"body":"than his courtiers',"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":990.63,"endTime":994.29,"body":"and he makes sure that every"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":990.63,"endTime":994.29,"body":"mass in the royal chapel"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":994.29,"endTime":998.163,"body":"is a grand musical concert as well."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1001.25,"endTime":1003.26,"body":"He founds the Ballet,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1003.26,"endTime":1006.08,"body":"and he encourages his music teachers"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1006.08,"endTime":1009.98,"body":"to write down the steps of the dance"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1009.98,"endTime":1011.75,"body":"so, among many other things,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1011.75,"endTime":1014.78,"body":"he's the inventor of choreography."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1014.78,"endTime":1017.15,"body":"This is by Raoul Feuillet,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1017.15,"endTime":1019.857,"body":"who is one of his dance teachers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1019.857,"endTime":1022.797,"body":"\"Choreography, or the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1019.857,"endTime":1022.797,"body":"Art of Describing Dance"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1022.797,"endTime":1026.447,"body":"\"by Characters, Figures,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1022.797,"endTime":1026.447,"body":"and Demonstrative Signs,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1027.89,"endTime":1029.21,"body":"published in 1700."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1029.21,"endTime":1032.903,"body":"You see the beginning"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1029.21,"endTime":1032.903,"body":"of writing it all down,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1034.19,"endTime":1037.52,"body":"and it very rapidly"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1034.19,"endTime":1037.52,"body":"moves across the Channel,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1037.52,"endTime":1040.673,"body":"as everything did then, to England."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1041.57,"endTime":1044.42,"body":"Versailles is sometimes"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1041.57,"endTime":1044.42,"body":"using English country dances,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1044.42,"endTime":1046.85,"body":"and England is using French court dances,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1046.85,"endTime":1049.16,"body":"even when there's a war with France."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1049.16,"endTime":1052.64,"body":"And this is from the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1049.16,"endTime":1052.64,"body":"music library at Boughton,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1052.64,"endTime":1057.02,"body":"a magnificent Baroque country"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1052.64,"endTime":1057.02,"body":"house in Northamptonshire,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1057.02,"endTime":1058.58,"body":"built by Ralph Montagu,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1058.58,"endTime":1061.613,"body":"who had been an ambassador to Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1065.09,"endTime":1069.38,"body":"And here is a book of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1065.09,"endTime":1069.38,"body":"pieces for the guitar"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1069.38,"endTime":1072.893,"body":"dedicated to the King by Raoul de Visee."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1077.0,"endTime":1080.75,"body":"And here is a tragedy in music by Lully,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1080.75,"endTime":1084.38,"body":"who is a knight, secretary of the King,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1084.38,"endTime":1087.74,"body":"and surintendant de la"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1084.38,"endTime":1087.74,"body":"musique de sa majeste,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1087.74,"endTime":1090.8,"body":"he's in fact supremo of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1087.74,"endTime":1090.8,"body":"music at the French court,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1090.8,"endTime":1093.86,"body":"in constant contact with the King."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1093.86,"endTime":1097.88,"body":"And it's published in 1685,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1097.88,"endTime":1102.14,"body":"and it is published with"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1097.88,"endTime":1102.14,"body":"privilege of his majesty"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1102.14,"endTime":1105.32,"body":"and by the royal printer,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1105.32,"endTime":1108.023,"body":"so it's very much a court art."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1111.65,"endTime":1114.41,"body":"And here is another tragedy, \"Armide,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1114.41,"endTime":1117.5,"body":"put into music by Monsieur de Lully,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1117.5,"endTime":1121.55,"body":"and he was even forgiven sexual"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1117.5,"endTime":1121.55,"body":"transgressions by the King,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1121.55,"endTime":1123.35,"body":"despite the King's growing piety,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1123.35,"endTime":1125.003,"body":"because his music was so good."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1127.7,"endTime":1131.54,"body":"And he's also obsessed"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1127.7,"endTime":1131.54,"body":"with other forms of art,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1131.54,"endTime":1135.59,"body":"not just dress, and music, and dance,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1135.59,"endTime":1138.05,"body":"but also furniture and furnishings."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1138.05,"endTime":1143.05,"body":"And this is a famous"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1138.05,"endTime":1143.05,"body":"scene, a Gobelins tapestry,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1143.06,"endTime":1145.458,"body":"you see the French royal"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1143.06,"endTime":1145.458,"body":"coat of arms at the top,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1145.458,"endTime":1146.357,"body":"the three fleurs-de-lis,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1146.357,"endTime":1149.57,"body":"and the King is honoring the factory,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1149.57,"endTime":1152.27,"body":"which is really a mini"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1149.57,"endTime":1152.27,"body":"city of the Gobelins,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1152.27,"endTime":1153.41,"body":"which is still the seat"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1153.41,"endTime":1156.14,"body":"of the National Furniture Store today,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1156.14,"endTime":1157.58,"body":"in Southeast Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1157.58,"endTime":1158.84,"body":"he's visiting it,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1158.84,"endTime":1160.34,"body":"and you can see there"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1160.34,"endTime":1165.34,"body":"some of the works of art"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1160.34,"endTime":1165.34,"body":"being made for the King,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1165.68,"endTime":1170.68,"body":"that is tapestries, silver-work,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1165.68,"endTime":1170.68,"body":"furniture, and so on."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1172.25,"endTime":1174.65,"body":"And he visited it several times,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1174.65,"endTime":1179.0,"body":"so he's really personally"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1174.65,"endTime":1179.0,"body":"appreciative of it,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1179.0,"endTime":1182.273,"body":"and in fact, he's the style master."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1183.74,"endTime":1185.45,"body":"Here you see one of the bronzes,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1185.45,"endTime":1188.123,"body":"which he would have in"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1185.45,"endTime":1188.123,"body":"his private apartments,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1189.17,"endTime":1190.763,"body":"with medals of himself,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1192.713,"endTime":1194.42,"body":"and he commissioned a whole series"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1194.42,"endTime":1196.16,"body":"called \"The History of the King,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1196.16,"endTime":1197.633,"body":"of his own medals."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1198.74,"endTime":1202.64,"body":"And I said that he was a soldier,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1202.64,"endTime":1204.297,"body":"and this medal says,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1204.297,"endTime":1208.73,"body":"\"Rex dux et miles,\" \"The King,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1204.297,"endTime":1208.73,"body":"a general and a soldier,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1208.73,"endTime":1212.27,"body":"he's not just organizing battles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1212.27,"endTime":1215.39,"body":"but he's also actually"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1212.27,"endTime":1215.39,"body":"in the trenches himself"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1215.39,"endTime":1216.35,"body":"with the soldiers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1216.35,"endTime":1217.82,"body":"or that's the theory,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1217.82,"endTime":1220.49,"body":"and he did go into the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1217.82,"endTime":1220.49,"body":"trenches quite often,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1220.49,"endTime":1225.49,"body":"but his ministers wouldn't"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1220.49,"endTime":1225.49,"body":"allow him to stay long"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1226.01,"endTime":1227.663,"body":"'cause it was too dangerous."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1229.46,"endTime":1230.69,"body":"And here is a medal"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1230.69,"endTime":1235.463,"body":"commemorating the finishing"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1230.69,"endTime":1235.463,"body":"of the Palace of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1236.57,"endTime":1239.3,"body":"and he probably had about 21,000 medals"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1239.3,"endTime":1240.653,"body":"in his private collection,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1241.52,"endTime":1245.27,"body":"many classical, Roman,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1241.52,"endTime":1245.27,"body":"Greek medals and cameos,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1245.27,"endTime":1247.01,"body":"as well as modern medals,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1247.01,"endTime":1250.01,"body":"and you can see some of them now on show"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1250.01,"endTime":1254.547,"body":"in the Bibliotheque Nationale"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1250.01,"endTime":1254.547,"body":"in the Rue de Richelieu."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1257.68,"endTime":1262.68,"body":"And this is his principal"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1257.68,"endTime":1262.68,"body":"mistress in the 1670s,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1262.91,"endTime":1265.01,"body":"this is by Henri Gascard,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1265.01,"endTime":1266.66,"body":"it's in Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1266.66,"endTime":1268.04,"body":"Madame de Montespan,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1268.04,"endTime":1271.61,"body":"she's shown in the luxurious interior"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1271.61,"endTime":1273.68,"body":"at the the beginning of Louis XIV's reign,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1273.68,"endTime":1277.22,"body":"you see cabinets surmounted"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1273.68,"endTime":1277.22,"body":"by blue and white china,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1277.22,"endTime":1281.18,"body":"because Chinese porcelain"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1277.22,"endTime":1281.18,"body":"is being imported,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1281.18,"endTime":1282.47,"body":"originally via Holland,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1282.47,"endTime":1284.66,"body":"and later directly to France,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1284.66,"endTime":1288.083,"body":"and is very fashionable with"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1284.66,"endTime":1288.083,"body":"the courtiers of Versailles."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1291.59,"endTime":1293.27,"body":"And I'm just going to rapidly show you"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1293.27,"endTime":1296.06,"body":"some pieces of furniture,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1296.06,"endTime":1299.3,"body":"some of which would have"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1296.06,"endTime":1299.3,"body":"been made at Gobelins,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1299.3,"endTime":1302.063,"body":"you see the medal of Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1305.36,"endTime":1308.42,"body":"maybe they've been slightly changed later,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1308.42,"endTime":1311.45,"body":"but this is the the great, grand style"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1311.45,"endTime":1313.4,"body":"of Louis XIV's reign."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1313.4,"endTime":1316.28,"body":"This is in the Metropolitan"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1313.4,"endTime":1316.28,"body":"Museum in New York,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1316.28,"endTime":1318.713,"body":"this is in the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1319.61,"endTime":1320.603,"body":"in the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1323.474,"endTime":1325.16,"body":"in the Louvre again,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1325.16,"endTime":1327.62,"body":"made with many rare metals,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1327.62,"endTime":1332.62,"body":"tin, silver, gilt bronze, and so on,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1333.38,"endTime":1336.203,"body":"asserting royal supremacy."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1338.09,"endTime":1340.16,"body":"This is a Cucci cabinet"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1340.16,"endTime":1344.51,"body":"from the beginning of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1340.16,"endTime":1344.51,"body":"the reign of Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1344.51,"endTime":1346.34,"body":"made at the Gobelins factory,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1346.34,"endTime":1348.47,"body":"now at Alnwick, in Northumberland."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1348.47,"endTime":1351.8,"body":"A lot of these things were"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1348.47,"endTime":1351.8,"body":"sold even before the revolution"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1351.8,"endTime":1354.623,"body":"and hoovered up by English lords."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1356.36,"endTime":1360.08,"body":"And this is the King's personal desk,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1360.08,"endTime":1364.19,"body":"you see the enlaced L's and crown,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1364.19,"endTime":1365.33,"body":"which is his mark."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1365.33,"endTime":1369.863,"body":"He invented the monogram"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1365.33,"endTime":1369.863,"body":"of the L's entwined,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1371.0,"endTime":1374.0,"body":"his father's monogram"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1371.0,"endTime":1374.0,"body":"it much less elegant."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1374.0,"endTime":1377.39,"body":"It may have been copied"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1374.0,"endTime":1377.39,"body":"from the entwined F's"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1377.39,"endTime":1379.61,"body":"of his hated minister,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1379.61,"endTime":1381.11,"body":"whom he imprisoned, Fouquet,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1381.11,"endTime":1384.08,"body":"and one is in the Metropolitan Museum"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1384.08,"endTime":1387.923,"body":"and a pair is in the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1387.923,"endTime":1391.253,"body":"it's really a magnificent piece of work."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1396.53,"endTime":1400.01,"body":"So France is winning"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1396.53,"endTime":1400.01,"body":"any battle for supremacy"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1400.01,"endTime":1401.06,"body":"in furniture,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1401.06,"endTime":1404.06,"body":"French craftsmen spread across Europe,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1404.06,"endTime":1405.05,"body":"they make these beds,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1405.05,"endTime":1410.05,"body":"and this bed was made in 1688 by Perard,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1410.06,"endTime":1412.01,"body":"an emigre French craftsman,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1412.01,"endTime":1413.33,"body":"for James II."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1413.33,"endTime":1418.1,"body":"It's the finest state bed"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1413.33,"endTime":1418.1,"body":"of the Louis XIV period,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1418.1,"endTime":1421.49,"body":"and it was taken, after James II's fall,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1421.49,"endTime":1422.54,"body":"by Lord Dorset,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1422.54,"endTime":1427.043,"body":"and is know in Knole House, in Kent."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1428.42,"endTime":1431.27,"body":"And you see the taborets, or stools"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1431.27,"endTime":1432.44,"body":"that went with it,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1432.44,"endTime":1435.23,"body":"because there's a very"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1432.44,"endTime":1435.23,"body":"strict furniture etiquette"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1435.23,"endTime":1437.21,"body":"governing who could sit down"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1437.21,"endTime":1440.27,"body":"in the presence of the King and on what,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1440.27,"endTime":1442.58,"body":"and this also applies in England,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1442.58,"endTime":1445.343,"body":"but it hasn't yet been fully studied."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1447.44,"endTime":1449.183,"body":"And he loved pictures,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1450.92,"endTime":1451.85,"body":"he's a collector,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1451.85,"endTime":1456.85,"body":"as well as a patron and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1451.85,"endTime":1456.85,"body":"creator of works of art,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1456.89,"endTime":1458.72,"body":"and to please him,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1458.72,"endTime":1462.8,"body":"the doge of Venice gave him"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1462.8,"endTime":1464.93,"body":"this incredible Veronese picture"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1464.93,"endTime":1468.8,"body":"of Jesus Christ having"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1464.93,"endTime":1468.8,"body":"supper in the house of Simon,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1468.8,"endTime":1472.34,"body":"which is now hanging in Versailles."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1472.34,"endTime":1474.59,"body":"And under Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1474.59,"endTime":1476.33,"body":"the royal collection of pictures"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1476.33,"endTime":1481.33,"body":"rose from 483 in 1683 to 1,478 in 1709,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1484.607,"endTime":1485.78,"body":"and the best pictures"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1485.78,"endTime":1488.0,"body":"were moved from the Louvre to Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1488.0,"endTime":1490.37,"body":"including the \"Mona Lisa\"."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1490.37,"endTime":1495.37,"body":"And his favorite painter"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1490.37,"endTime":1495.37,"body":"is Charles Lebrun,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1497.66,"endTime":1502.66,"body":"this is \"The Family of Darius"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1497.66,"endTime":1502.66,"body":"before Alexander,\" the Great,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1502.67,"endTime":1504.32,"body":"it still hangs in Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1504.32,"endTime":1505.34,"body":"he's trying to show"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1505.34,"endTime":1508.22,"body":"that French painters are"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1505.34,"endTime":1508.22,"body":"now as good as Italians,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1508.22,"endTime":1509.48,"body":"and the whole of Versailles"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1509.48,"endTime":1511.67,"body":"is to show that French arts"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1511.67,"endTime":1514.643,"body":"are as good as or better"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1511.67,"endTime":1514.643,"body":"than Italian arts."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1516.5,"endTime":1519.62,"body":"He adored Lebrun's pictures,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1519.62,"endTime":1522.05,"body":"he interrupted a council meeting once"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1522.05,"endTime":1523.97,"body":"to show his ministers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1523.97,"endTime":1524.803,"body":"this is"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1524.803,"endTime":1528.2,"body":"\"The Triumphal Entry of Alexander"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1524.803,"endTime":1528.2,"body":"the Great Into Babylon,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1528.2,"endTime":1532.343,"body":"possibly a reference to Louis XIV himself,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1533.96,"endTime":1538.96,"body":"and this is Louis XIV and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1533.96,"endTime":1538.96,"body":"the inevitable Colbert"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1539.09,"endTime":1542.81,"body":"adoring the triumphant risen Christ,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1542.81,"endTime":1546.29,"body":"with St. Louis, the patron"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1542.81,"endTime":1546.29,"body":"saint of the French monarchy,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1546.29,"endTime":1547.123,"body":"behind them."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1549.59,"endTime":1551.33,"body":"He would interrupt council meetings"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1551.33,"endTime":1556.1,"body":"to show the latest Lebrun"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1551.33,"endTime":1556.1,"body":"picture to his ministers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1556.1,"endTime":1560.06,"body":"and he once said to Monsieur Lebrun,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1560.06,"endTime":1561.417,"body":"shortly before his death,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1561.417,"endTime":1563.697,"body":"\"Do not die, Monsieur Lebrun,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1563.697,"endTime":1566.337,"body":"\"to make your prices rise,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1566.337,"endTime":1568.76,"body":"\"I respect you enough already,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1568.76,"endTime":1571.52,"body":"which is a sort of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1568.76,"endTime":1571.52,"body":"sardonic Bourbon compliment"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1571.52,"endTime":1573.353,"body":"that he specialized in."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1577.64,"endTime":1579.44,"body":"And the Galerie des Glaces,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1579.44,"endTime":1581.57,"body":"I hope most of you have seen it,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1581.57,"endTime":1584.84,"body":"the ceiling is simply incredible,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1584.84,"endTime":1588.41,"body":"you really need special"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1584.84,"endTime":1588.41,"body":"optical help to understand it,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1588.41,"endTime":1589.94,"body":"it's the triumph of the King."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1589.94,"endTime":1592.1,"body":"It's the largest gallery in Europe,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1592.1,"endTime":1597.1,"body":"and I think the only one"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1592.1,"endTime":1597.1,"body":"dedicated solely to one monarch."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1597.35,"endTime":1602.24,"body":"Normally, they're to ancestors"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1597.35,"endTime":1602.24,"body":"or the gods of Olympus,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1602.24,"endTime":1604.22,"body":"for Louis XIV, it was only himself."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1604.22,"endTime":1606.77,"body":"Here, he's represented as Jupiter,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1606.77,"endTime":1608.03,"body":"with thunder bolts,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1608.03,"endTime":1611.0,"body":"conquering the city of Ghent,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1608.03,"endTime":1611.0,"body":"in what is now Belgium,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1611.0,"endTime":1612.383,"body":"in seven days."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1614.0,"endTime":1618.02,"body":"Here he is giving orders to"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1614.0,"endTime":1618.02,"body":"his brother and his cousin"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1618.02,"endTime":1619.91,"body":"at the beginning of a war,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1619.91,"endTime":1623.933,"body":"you see the incredible decoration"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1619.91,"endTime":1623.933,"body":"surrounding the pictures."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1625.97,"endTime":1630.62,"body":"Here is Jethro defending some people,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1630.62,"endTime":1633.35,"body":"this is the picture he"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1630.62,"endTime":1633.35,"body":"showed his ministers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1633.35,"endTime":1635.63,"body":"biblical scenes beginning to dominate"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1635.63,"endTime":1637.58,"body":"towards the end of his life,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1637.58,"endTime":1641.33,"body":"and that is Jesus Christ"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1637.58,"endTime":1641.33,"body":"being raised on the cross,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1641.33,"endTime":1643.343,"body":"another Lebrun biblical theme."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1645.53,"endTime":1647.363,"body":"And that is Lebrun himself,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1648.2,"endTime":1650.42,"body":"he's the premier peintre du roi,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1650.42,"endTime":1652.16,"body":"he's also head of the Gobelins,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1652.16,"endTime":1655.2,"body":"he's sort of running the show for artists"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1656.48,"endTime":1658.61,"body":"at the court and in Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1658.61,"endTime":1662.57,"body":"and you had to be in his favor"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1662.57,"endTime":1664.707,"body":"to get anywhere under Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1668.132,"endTime":1673.132,"body":"And Lebrun even wrote a"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1668.132,"endTime":1673.132,"body":"theoretical book on painting,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1673.227,"endTime":1677.367,"body":"\"Method to Learn How"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1673.227,"endTime":1677.367,"body":"to Depict the Passions,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1677.367,"endTime":1679.347,"body":"\"Proposed in a Lecture"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1679.347,"endTime":1682.49,"body":"\"on General Expression"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1679.347,"endTime":1682.49,"body":"and Private Expression,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1682.49,"endTime":1685.16,"body":"by Monsieur Lebrun, Premier Peintre du Roi"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1685.16,"endTime":1689.393,"body":"and Head of the Royal Academy"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1685.16,"endTime":1689.393,"body":"of Painting and Sculpture."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1691.7,"endTime":1695.21,"body":"And Louis XIV loved hunting,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1695.21,"endTime":1696.89,"body":"we'll leave that aside this evening,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1696.89,"endTime":1700.34,"body":"but he adored his hunting dogs,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1700.34,"endTime":1701.24,"body":"and this is a picture"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1701.24,"endTime":1703.55,"body":"which he helped compose himself"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1703.55,"endTime":1707.36,"body":"with his animal painter,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1703.55,"endTime":1707.36,"body":"Alexandre Desportes,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1707.36,"endTime":1709.52,"body":"who would accompany him on his hunts,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1709.52,"endTime":1713.57,"body":"and the King would point out"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1709.52,"endTime":1713.57,"body":"who and what he should paint,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1713.57,"endTime":1717.323,"body":"and these are the King's"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1713.57,"endTime":1717.323,"body":"three favorite hunting dogs,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1718.223,"endTime":1720.301,"body":"Bonne, Ponne, and Nonne."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1720.301,"endTime":1721.82,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1721.82,"endTime":1724.73,"body":"He would hang this in"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1721.82,"endTime":1724.73,"body":"his private apartments."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1724.73,"endTime":1726.62,"body":"He didn't have pictures of his friends,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1726.62,"endTime":1728.873,"body":"but he did have pictures of his dogs."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1733.94,"endTime":1736.97,"body":"The works of art in"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1733.94,"endTime":1736.97,"body":"Versailles and in the Louvre"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1736.97,"endTime":1738.56,"body":"were engraved,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1738.56,"endTime":1741.23,"body":"one of the largest engraving enterprises"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1741.23,"endTime":1743.12,"body":"of the 17th century,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1743.12,"endTime":1744.29,"body":"the Cabinet du Roi,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1744.29,"endTime":1747.83,"body":"and then published by"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1744.29,"endTime":1747.83,"body":"the Imprimerie Royale,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1747.83,"endTime":1749.87,"body":"which itself was in the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1749.87,"endTime":1754.4,"body":"and then given as presents"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1754.4,"endTime":1756.95,"body":"to ambassadors, or foreign monarchs,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1756.95,"endTime":1759.713,"body":"or foreigners he wanted to impress."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1763.34,"endTime":1766.58,"body":"And then the parties at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1766.58,"endTime":1770.96,"body":"this is the Plaisirs de"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1766.58,"endTime":1770.96,"body":"l'Ile Enchantee in 1664,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1770.96,"endTime":1773.39,"body":"they also were engraved,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1773.39,"endTime":1776.6,"body":"and these were given"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1773.39,"endTime":1776.6,"body":"as presents to people."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1776.6,"endTime":1779.3,"body":"There's a letter from"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1776.6,"endTime":1779.3,"body":"Charles II to his sister,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1779.3,"endTime":1782.06,"body":"who's Louis XIV's sister-in-law,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1782.06,"endTime":1783.387,"body":"saying, \"We're eagerly awaiting"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1783.387,"endTime":1784.857,"body":"\"the description of the parties"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1784.857,"endTime":1786.867,"body":"\"and the prints of the parties"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1786.867,"endTime":1789.377,"body":"\"that have just been held at Versailles.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1792.92,"endTime":1797.03,"body":"This is a tragedy by Racine,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1797.03,"endTime":1800.026,"body":"who is gentilhomme ordinaire du roi,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1800.026,"endTime":1803.033,"body":"and the King's lector,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1803.9,"endTime":1806.45,"body":"and a friend of Louis XIV, really,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1806.45,"endTime":1808.43,"body":"he would read to him when he was ill,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1808.43,"endTime":1812.84,"body":"he's composing official"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1808.43,"endTime":1812.84,"body":"accounts of the campaigns,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1812.84,"endTime":1817.84,"body":"and Louis XIV said of Racine,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1819.177,"endTime":1822.464,"body":"\"I would praise you more"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1819.177,"endTime":1822.464,"body":"if you praised me less,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1822.464,"endTime":1823.31,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1823.31,"endTime":1826.55,"body":"because the praise was so exaggerated"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1826.55,"endTime":1831.14,"body":"even Louis XIV knew he couldn't go on."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1831.14,"endTime":1836.14,"body":"And then this is one of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1831.14,"endTime":1836.14,"body":"Louis XIV's personal books,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1836.75,"endTime":1838.64,"body":"this is his personal bookbinding,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1838.64,"endTime":1841.553,"body":"with the two enlaced L's and the crown."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1844.82,"endTime":1846.41,"body":"And then a masterpiece,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1846.41,"endTime":1848.3,"body":"in some ways finer than Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1848.3,"endTime":1850.43,"body":"is the east facade of the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1850.43,"endTime":1852.14,"body":"which you can admire today,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1852.14,"endTime":1854.48,"body":"and Louis XIV personally chose"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1854.48,"endTime":1858.86,"body":"the double groups of Corinthian columns"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1858.86,"endTime":1861.89,"body":"Bernini's design was"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1858.86,"endTime":1861.89,"body":"rejected as too Italian,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1861.89,"endTime":1865.04,"body":"and this is by Charles"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1861.89,"endTime":1865.04,"body":"Perrault and Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1865.04,"endTime":1866.87,"body":"and a few others,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1866.87,"endTime":1870.11,"body":"one of the most imposing palace facades"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1870.11,"endTime":1874.043,"body":"you can find in Europe."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1876.38,"endTime":1877.613,"body":"There it is today,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1878.45,"endTime":1880.883,"body":"housing part of the Louvre Museum."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1884.48,"endTime":1885.32,"body":"And the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1885.32,"endTime":1887.24,"body":"as the court moves slowly,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1887.24,"endTime":1889.73,"body":"between about 1670 and 1682,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1889.73,"endTime":1891.56,"body":"to Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1891.56,"endTime":1894.38,"body":"the royal apartments"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1891.56,"endTime":1894.38,"body":"themselves in the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1894.38,"endTime":1896.48,"body":"which had been a royal palace,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1896.48,"endTime":1900.92,"body":"where Louis XIV himself"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1896.48,"endTime":1900.92,"body":"lived in the 1650s and '60s,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1900.92,"endTime":1903.86,"body":"are given over to artistic academies,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1903.86,"endTime":1907.31,"body":"so you see the Academy of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1903.86,"endTime":1907.31,"body":"Sciences, of paintings,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1907.31,"endTime":1909.56,"body":"the Royal Society of Medicine,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1909.56,"endTime":1910.97,"body":"the Academy of Inscriptions,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1910.97,"endTime":1912.62,"body":"and the Academie Francaise,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1912.62,"endTime":1914.84,"body":"they all live in the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1914.84,"endTime":1918.59,"body":"in rooms which are now part of the museum,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1918.59,"endTime":1922.313,"body":"they were full of artists, writers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1923.24,"endTime":1925.97,"body":"professors, historians, and so on."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1925.97,"endTime":1928.495,"body":"And they would have meetings there,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1928.495,"endTime":1931.49,"body":"and then they would have"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1928.495,"endTime":1931.49,"body":"regular painting exhibitions,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1931.49,"endTime":1934.07,"body":"so it's already a palace of the arts,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1934.07,"endTime":1936.86,"body":"showing part of the royal"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1934.07,"endTime":1936.86,"body":"collection and exhibitions,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1936.86,"endTime":1939.26,"body":"it's not an invention"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1936.86,"endTime":1939.26,"body":"of the French Revolution"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1939.26,"endTime":1940.523,"body":"or the French Republic."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1947.9,"endTime":1950.81,"body":"And another architectural masterpiece,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1950.81,"endTime":1951.758,"body":"by Louis Le Vau,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1951.758,"endTime":1954.341,"body":"is the Invalides, 1671 to 1706,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1955.67,"endTime":1957.56,"body":"in Southwest Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1957.56,"endTime":1961.1,"body":"absolutely incredible architecture."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1961.1,"endTime":1962.423,"body":"This is the chapel,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1963.56,"endTime":1967.28,"body":"and it was built to house old soldiers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1967.28,"endTime":1969.59,"body":"and they had factories,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1967.28,"endTime":1969.59,"body":"hospitals, restaurants,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1969.59,"endTime":1974.59,"body":"it's really a cite ideale"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1969.59,"endTime":1974.59,"body":"long before Le Corbusier."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1977.48,"endTime":1980.263,"body":"And there, the King is opening it, 1706,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1983.6,"endTime":1985.94,"body":"that is Mansart, the architect,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1985.94,"endTime":1987.71,"body":"who's giving him the key,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1987.71,"endTime":1989.93,"body":"congratulating the King"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1989.93,"endTime":1994.797,"body":"on building a palace for..."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1999.657,"endTime":2002.417,"body":"\"I have the honor to present"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":1999.657,"endTime":2002.417,"body":"at the feet of your majesty"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2002.417,"endTime":2004.667,"body":"\"the key to this sacred temple,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2004.667,"endTime":2008.287,"body":"\"which your piety has"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2004.667,"endTime":2008.287,"body":"erected to the glory of God,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2009.73,"endTime":2011.41,"body":"very Catholic."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2011.41,"endTime":2013.15,"body":"And the King congratulates him,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2013.15,"endTime":2014.68,"body":"and then, amazingly,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2014.68,"endTime":2018.61,"body":"though she's not"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2014.68,"endTime":2018.61,"body":"represented in this print,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2018.61,"endTime":2020.71,"body":"but the print does show the architect"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2020.71,"endTime":2022.42,"body":"almost the equal of the King,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2022.42,"endTime":2024.763,"body":"the King then turns to Madame Mansart,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2025.69,"endTime":2028.63,"body":"with a respect for women"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2025.69,"endTime":2028.63,"body":"exceptional for his time,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2028.63,"endTime":2031.787,"body":"and says, \"Madame, seeing you here,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2031.787,"endTime":2034.307,"body":"\"I cannot refrain from complimenting you"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2034.307,"endTime":2036.707,"body":"\"for the share that you must take"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2036.707,"endTime":2039.107,"body":"\"in the glory that Monsieur your husband"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2039.107,"endTime":2041.56,"body":"\"is receiving today.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2041.56,"endTime":2043.15,"body":"So the French court was really,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2043.15,"endTime":2044.47,"body":"as was said at the time,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2044.47,"endTime":2045.73,"body":"a paradise for women,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2045.73,"endTime":2049.78,"body":"a lot more power and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2045.73,"endTime":2049.78,"body":"status at the French court"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2049.78,"endTime":2051.19,"body":"than in the English Parliament,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2051.19,"endTime":2053.38,"body":"or indeed in any parliament"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2053.38,"endTime":2055.57,"body":"until within living memory,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2055.57,"endTime":2059.86,"body":"women are really very"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2055.57,"endTime":2059.86,"body":"powerful indeed at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2059.86,"endTime":2061.66,"body":"and they really weren't"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2061.66,"endTime":2064.51,"body":"in the Chamber of Deputies"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2061.66,"endTime":2064.51,"body":"or the House of Commons,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2064.51,"endTime":2066.493,"body":"but that's another subject."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2071.53,"endTime":2075.46,"body":"And then these are two"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2071.53,"endTime":2075.46,"body":"magnificent arches in Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2075.46,"endTime":2079.33,"body":"the Porte Saint Denis and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2075.46,"endTime":2079.33,"body":"the Porte Saint Martin,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2079.33,"endTime":2082.96,"body":"showing Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2079.33,"endTime":2082.96,"body":"again, as a Roman general"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2082.96,"endTime":2085.99,"body":"receiving the keys of conquered cities."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2085.99,"endTime":2088.0,"body":"He's expanding France to the east,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2088.0,"endTime":2089.74,"body":"three good provinces,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2089.74,"endTime":2092.83,"body":"Alsace, Franche-Comte,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2089.74,"endTime":2092.83,"body":"and French Flanders,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2092.83,"endTime":2095.74,"body":"and he left France"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2092.83,"endTime":2095.74,"body":"larger than he found it,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2095.74,"endTime":2098.14,"body":"which is more than you"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2095.74,"endTime":2098.14,"body":"could say for Napoleon,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2098.14,"endTime":2101.203,"body":"who left France far"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2098.14,"endTime":2101.203,"body":"smaller than he found it."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2103.06,"endTime":2106.99,"body":"There you see Louis XIV as Hercules,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2106.99,"endTime":2109.573,"body":"with Holland writhing at his feet."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2112.06,"endTime":2113.71,"body":"And now, Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2113.71,"endTime":2116.95,"body":"which again is another"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2113.71,"endTime":2116.95,"body":"of the great works of art"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2116.95,"endTime":2118.273,"body":"of Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2119.41,"endTime":2121.69,"body":"even greater than his own person."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2121.69,"endTime":2124.51,"body":"This is by Pierre Patel, 1668."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2124.51,"endTime":2126.34,"body":"Arriving at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2126.34,"endTime":2130.39,"body":"he's already expanding"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2126.34,"endTime":2130.39,"body":"the park, the garden,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2130.39,"endTime":2134.83,"body":"and this is the chateau of his father,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2134.83,"endTime":2136.36,"body":"originally a hunting lodge,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2136.36,"endTime":2139.6,"body":"which he makes into a"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2136.36,"endTime":2139.6,"body":"palace of enchantment,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2139.6,"endTime":2141.943,"body":"as people said at the time."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2142.81,"endTime":2144.94,"body":"The King is arriving in a carriage,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2144.94,"endTime":2146.65,"body":"followed by his guards,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2146.65,"endTime":2148.54,"body":"there were guards everywhere,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2148.54,"endTime":2150.73,"body":"and inside the apartments,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2150.73,"endTime":2151.963,"body":"under Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2154.18,"endTime":2155.92,"body":"It's his personal project,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2155.92,"endTime":2157.963,"body":"pursued against the advice of Colbert,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2158.92,"endTime":2160.15,"body":"it's possibly inspired"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2160.15,"endTime":2165.15,"body":"by the Escorial of Philip II, an ancestor,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2166.96,"endTime":2168.13,"body":"other royal palaces,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2168.13,"endTime":2170.38,"body":"the Chambord of Francois I"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2170.38,"endTime":2174.28,"body":"was pretty vast and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2170.38,"endTime":2174.28,"body":"extraordinary for its time."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2174.28,"endTime":2176.62,"body":"What's unusual about Versailles"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2176.62,"endTime":2179.44,"body":"is there are wings"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2179.44,"endTime":2184.24,"body":"for the royal family, the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2179.44,"endTime":2184.24,"body":"courtiers, and the ministers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2184.24,"endTime":2187.78,"body":"it's a working palace, it's"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2184.24,"endTime":2187.78,"body":"the seat of government,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2187.78,"endTime":2189.7,"body":"and a military headquarters,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2189.7,"endTime":2192.16,"body":"and there's always a party going on,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2192.16,"endTime":2194.02,"body":"'cause it's Louis XIV's palace."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2194.02,"endTime":2197.327,"body":"I quote, \"14th of October, 1663."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2197.327,"endTime":2199.817,"body":"\"Every day, balls, ballets, comedies,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2199.817,"endTime":2202.427,"body":"\"music for voices and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2199.817,"endTime":2202.427,"body":"instruments of every kind,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2202.427,"endTime":2205.757,"body":"\"violins, promenades,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2202.427,"endTime":2205.757,"body":"hunts, and other diversions"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2205.757,"endTime":2207.37,"body":"\"have succeeded each other,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2207.37,"endTime":2210.46,"body":"and they never really stopped"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2207.37,"endTime":2210.46,"body":"until Louis XIV's death,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2210.46,"endTime":2212.59,"body":"there's always something going on."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2212.59,"endTime":2215.17,"body":"Even when he's old and ill,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2215.17,"endTime":2218.83,"body":"he insists that gambling,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2215.17,"endTime":2218.83,"body":"and dancing, and music"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2218.83,"endTime":2220.123,"body":"must go on,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2221.05,"endTime":2223.12,"body":"and everyone's rather shocked,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2223.12,"endTime":2225.853,"body":"but Louis XIV insists."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2230.352,"endTime":2232.269,"body":"Here it is again, 1664,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2233.41,"endTime":2234.79,"body":"getting a bit bigger"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2234.79,"endTime":2237.523,"body":"with a big park in front of it."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2239.35,"endTime":2241.6,"body":"Again, it's being published"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2239.35,"endTime":2241.6,"body":"with these engravings,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2241.6,"endTime":2244.633,"body":"which other courts of Europe would see."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2246.52,"endTime":2248.17,"body":"A party in the garden,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2248.17,"endTime":2253.17,"body":"the garden is used for"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2248.17,"endTime":2253.17,"body":"balls and spectacles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2256.33,"endTime":2258.19,"body":"the courtyard is used,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2258.19,"endTime":2260.26,"body":"this is 1674,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2260.26,"endTime":2265.243,"body":"it's a party celebrating the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2260.26,"endTime":2265.243,"body":"conquest of Franche-Comte,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2267.661,"endTime":2269.89,"body":"and this is about 1680,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2269.89,"endTime":2272.98,"body":"again, Colbert is in the forefront"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2272.98,"endTime":2274.75,"body":"organizing the building,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2274.75,"endTime":2275.89,"body":"much against his will,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2275.89,"endTime":2278.683,"body":"he thought Louis XIV should stay in Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2279.76,"endTime":2281.17,"body":"and in fact, it killed him,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2281.17,"endTime":2283.03,"body":"the King begins to turn against him"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2283.03,"endTime":2286.75,"body":"because nothing's being finished"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2283.03,"endTime":2286.75,"body":"quick enough for Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2286.75,"endTime":2289.42,"body":"he wants more gilding,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2286.75,"endTime":2289.42,"body":"more apartments finished,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2289.42,"endTime":2291.19,"body":"and he blames Colbert,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2291.19,"endTime":2294.49,"body":"and Colbert dies soon after, 1682."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2294.49,"endTime":2296.68,"body":"Although the King sent him"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2294.49,"endTime":2296.68,"body":"letters saying he loved him"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2296.68,"endTime":2298.66,"body":"and he was the best minister ever,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2298.66,"endTime":2302.563,"body":"but a hint of royal disfavor"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2298.66,"endTime":2302.563,"body":"would go to the heart."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2307.567,"endTime":2309.91,"body":"And here it is finished."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2309.91,"endTime":2314.17,"body":"In the foreground is the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2309.91,"endTime":2314.17,"body":"headquarters of the royal hunt,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2314.17,"endTime":2318.31,"body":"with some dogs, kennels, and so on,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2318.31,"endTime":2323.31,"body":"and you see what a really"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2318.31,"endTime":2323.31,"body":"enormous palace it was,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2323.44,"endTime":2326.623,"body":"compared at the time to a small town."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2331.42,"endTime":2332.253,"body":"His sister-in-law,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2332.253,"endTime":2334.81,"body":"the Duchesse d'Orleans, Madame,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2334.81,"endTime":2338.927,"body":"writes, 1688, \"If I could"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2334.81,"endTime":2338.927,"body":"describe the splendor"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2338.927,"endTime":2341.507,"body":"\"with which these rooms are furnished"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2341.507,"endTime":2343.937,"body":"\"and the amount of silver"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2341.507,"endTime":2343.937,"body":"there is everywhere,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2343.937,"endTime":2345.457,"body":"\"I could go on forever.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2346.9,"endTime":2350.02,"body":"Solid silver mirrors,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2346.9,"endTime":2350.02,"body":"chandeliers, and tables"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2350.02,"endTime":2353.08,"body":"adorned the state apartments."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2353.08,"endTime":2355.84,"body":"And Versailles is also a hunting lodge,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2355.84,"endTime":2358.51,"body":"a music and dance"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2355.84,"endTime":2358.51,"body":"festival, a fashion parade,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2358.51,"endTime":2361.57,"body":"a finishing school, an information center,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2361.57,"endTime":2362.53,"body":"and, above all,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2362.53,"endTime":2366.373,"body":"an army headquarters and"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2362.53,"endTime":2366.373,"body":"a government headquarters."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2367.33,"endTime":2369.99,"body":"Even the English, when they come,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2369.99,"endTime":2372.19,"body":"1701, there's a moment of peace,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2372.19,"endTime":2374.267,"body":"John Northleigh calls it,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2374.267,"endTime":2376.067,"body":"\"The most beautiful palace in Europe."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2376.067,"endTime":2377.447,"body":"\"The side which fronts the gardens"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2377.447,"endTime":2380.387,"body":"\"surpasses all that can"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2377.447,"endTime":2380.387,"body":"be imagined sumptuous,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2380.387,"endTime":2382.307,"body":"\"its roof glittering with gold"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2382.307,"endTime":2385.817,"body":"\"affords a glorious"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2382.307,"endTime":2385.817,"body":"prospect at a distance,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2385.817,"endTime":2386.927,"body":"\"a miracle of the world,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2386.927,"endTime":2389.797,"body":"\"the finest palace I ever saw.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2391.66,"endTime":2394.78,"body":"Here you see looking towards Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2394.78,"endTime":2396.64,"body":"on the left are the Swiss Guards,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2396.64,"endTime":2398.98,"body":"recognizable by their red uniforms,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2398.98,"endTime":2400.21,"body":"on the right,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2400.21,"endTime":2402.79,"body":"the Gardes Francaises, in blue."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2402.79,"endTime":2405.61,"body":"It was their desertion in July, 1789,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2405.61,"endTime":2408.55,"body":"which made the French Revolution."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2408.55,"endTime":2411.82,"body":"And in front of us are the two stables,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2411.82,"endTime":2414.16,"body":"the Grande Ecurie and the Petite Ecurie,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2414.16,"endTime":2416.653,"body":"for the King's horses."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2417.58,"endTime":2422.35,"body":"And here is a detail of the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2417.58,"endTime":2422.35,"body":"Salon de l'Oeil de Boeuf."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2422.35,"endTime":2424.57,"body":"The King is involved in the decoration,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2424.57,"endTime":2426.317,"body":"he says, in 1699,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2426.317,"endTime":2428.62,"body":"\"There must be youth everywhere.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2428.62,"endTime":2430.3,"body":"His grandson's just got married,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2430.3,"endTime":2433.723,"body":"so that's why there are"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2430.3,"endTime":2433.723,"body":"dancing cherubs, and so on."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2436.03,"endTime":2438.553,"body":"That is his great gardener, Le Notre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2441.46,"endTime":2442.293,"body":"and this is,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2442.293,"endTime":2444.01,"body":"I'm sorry it's blurred,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2444.01,"endTime":2445.3,"body":"a view in the garden"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2445.3,"endTime":2448.63,"body":"down towards the big lake,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2448.63,"endTime":2453.19,"body":"which is going to be used in"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2448.63,"endTime":2453.19,"body":"the Summer Olympics in 2024"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2453.19,"endTime":2455.02,"body":"for boat scenes,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2455.02,"endTime":2458.173,"body":"and the park will also be"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2455.02,"endTime":2458.173,"body":"used for equestrian events."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2459.46,"endTime":2460.96,"body":"Here is the vegetable garden,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2460.96,"endTime":2462.46,"body":"which you can visit,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2462.46,"endTime":2464.35,"body":"the Jardin Potager du Roi,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2464.35,"endTime":2466.39,"body":"which the King would regularly visit,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2466.39,"endTime":2468.49,"body":"followed by courtiers."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2468.49,"endTime":2472.6,"body":"France was then a leader"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2468.49,"endTime":2472.6,"body":"in garden knowledge,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2472.6,"endTime":2477.6,"body":"and John Evelyn translated"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2472.6,"endTime":2477.6,"body":"this book on fruit and veg"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2477.88,"endTime":2479.56,"body":"at the end of his life, in the 1690s,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2479.56,"endTime":2480.733,"body":"into English,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2482.98,"endTime":2484.93,"body":"you see instructions"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2484.93,"endTime":2488.32,"body":"on how to manage fruit and vegetables,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2488.32,"endTime":2489.823,"body":"there it is now."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2492.34,"endTime":2494.8,"body":"This is the park at night,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2494.8,"endTime":2497.29,"body":"he's also a king of fireworks,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2497.29,"endTime":2500.203,"body":"a king of nocturnal parties,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2502.51,"endTime":2503.863,"body":"really spectacular."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2507.25,"endTime":2509.68,"body":"And now we're going to"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2507.25,"endTime":2509.68,"body":"have a tour of the park,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2509.68,"endTime":2510.7,"body":"which, in a way,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2510.7,"endTime":2515.26,"body":"is an even greater work of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2510.7,"endTime":2515.26,"body":"art than the palace itself."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2515.26,"endTime":2516.34,"body":"This is the labyrinth,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2516.34,"endTime":2517.99,"body":"which no longer exists,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2517.99,"endTime":2519.853,"body":"painted by Jean Cotelle."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2520.72,"endTime":2524.71,"body":"Again, they're living in a sort"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2520.72,"endTime":2524.71,"body":"of mythological dream world,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2524.71,"endTime":2528.913,"body":"gods and goddesses are shown"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2524.71,"endTime":2528.913,"body":"in the Park of Versailles."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2532.09,"endTime":2535.72,"body":"A nymph is being surprised by a god,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2535.72,"endTime":2537.82,"body":"as I'm sure many nymphs were surprised"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2537.82,"endTime":2539.44,"body":"in the gardens of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2539.44,"endTime":2540.82,"body":"or not really surprised,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2540.82,"endTime":2542.593,"body":"they arranged rendezvous."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2543.79,"endTime":2545.8,"body":"He does even practically say"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2545.8,"endTime":2547.18,"body":"this is a garden of love,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2547.18,"endTime":2549.07,"body":"and people should be allowed in at night,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2549.07,"endTime":2549.903,"body":"which they were."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2552.13,"endTime":2555.25,"body":"Here is the Fountains of the Dragon,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2555.25,"endTime":2556.6,"body":"which is still there,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2556.6,"endTime":2559.39,"body":"which, on days of the grandes eaux,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2559.39,"endTime":2560.743,"body":"the fountains are running."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2562.0,"endTime":2565.78,"body":"He chose a place without"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2562.0,"endTime":2565.78,"body":"good water supplies"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2565.78,"endTime":2569.59,"body":"perhaps to show that"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2565.78,"endTime":2569.59,"body":"he could master nature,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2569.59,"endTime":2572.05,"body":"and he arranged, at vast expense,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2572.05,"endTime":2575.83,"body":"water to come from the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2572.05,"endTime":2575.83,"body":"River Seine, and so on,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2575.83,"endTime":2578.2,"body":"to water the fountains of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2578.2,"endTime":2580.69,"body":"which were turned on when"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2578.2,"endTime":2580.69,"body":"he was going round the park,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2580.69,"endTime":2581.928,"body":"and then turned off,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2581.928,"endTime":2582.761,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2582.761,"endTime":2585.49,"body":"and then they were turned on"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2582.761,"endTime":2585.49,"body":"for especially grand guests"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2585.49,"endTime":2588.373,"body":"like the queen of England"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2585.49,"endTime":2588.373,"body":"or the Venetian ambassador."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2590.74,"endTime":2592.27,"body":"And this, you should notice"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2592.27,"endTime":2596.35,"body":"there are cupids doing"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2592.27,"endTime":2596.35,"body":"the raking of the gravel"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2596.35,"endTime":2597.943,"body":"in the Park of Versailles."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2600.91,"endTime":2605.8,"body":"And here is the Room"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2600.91,"endTime":2605.8,"body":"of the Ancient Statues,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2605.8,"endTime":2609.103,"body":"some of the statues came"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2605.8,"endTime":2609.103,"body":"from Smyrna or Rome."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2610.96,"endTime":2613.45,"body":"This shows the park functioning"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2613.45,"endTime":2617.383,"body":"as a place to meet your"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2613.45,"endTime":2617.383,"body":"friends or acquaintances."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2620.83,"endTime":2622.81,"body":"This is the ballroom,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2622.81,"endTime":2625.57,"body":"where sometimes there were open-air balls."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2625.57,"endTime":2626.833,"body":"It still exists,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2628.229,"endTime":2629.653,"body":"they were called bosquets."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2631.109,"endTime":2634.21,"body":"And this is another round ballroom,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2634.21,"endTime":2636.4,"body":"which still exists."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2636.4,"endTime":2639.55,"body":"Here is an aerial view by Israel Silvestre"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2639.55,"endTime":2643.78,"body":"showing Versailles around 1685,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2643.78,"endTime":2645.85,"body":"a sort of fantasy view,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2645.85,"endTime":2647.323,"body":"but very exact."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2649.24,"endTime":2651.76,"body":"Here you see the view from the park,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2651.76,"endTime":2655.45,"body":"with these bosquets"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2651.76,"endTime":2655.45,"body":"all lined with statues,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2655.45,"endTime":2657.85,"body":"which are still there now,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2657.85,"endTime":2660.763,"body":"it takes a very long time"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2657.85,"endTime":2660.763,"body":"going round each one."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2665.32,"endTime":2668.68,"body":"This is the orangery, underground,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2668.68,"endTime":2672.91,"body":"where the orange trees were"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2668.68,"endTime":2672.91,"body":"and are kept in the winter."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2672.91,"endTime":2674.95,"body":"When the Siamese ambassador came,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2674.95,"endTime":2676.63,"body":"it was a global hub,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2676.63,"endTime":2679.51,"body":"with ambassadors from all over the world,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2679.51,"endTime":2683.05,"body":"he said the oranges live in a building"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2683.05,"endTime":2685.75,"body":"which other monarchs would"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2683.05,"endTime":2685.75,"body":"like to have for themselves"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2685.75,"endTime":2686.743,"body":"as a palace."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2689.35,"endTime":2693.1,"body":"And here is a plan of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2693.1,"endTime":2694.6,"body":"here's a statue of Apollo,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2694.6,"endTime":2696.07,"body":"again the Apollo theme,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2696.07,"endTime":2697.75,"body":"surrounded by nymphs,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2697.75,"endTime":2699.973,"body":"by Girardon, his great sculptor,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2701.05,"endTime":2703.457,"body":"and this is the magnificent"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2703.457,"endTime":2706.57,"body":"\"The Abduction of Proserpina by Pluto,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2706.57,"endTime":2707.59,"body":"this is a model,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2707.59,"endTime":2709.453,"body":"the original is now in the Louvre,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2710.77,"endTime":2712.75,"body":"a staggering work of art."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2712.75,"endTime":2713.95,"body":"Again, he's showing,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2713.95,"endTime":2718.18,"body":"we French have better"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2713.95,"endTime":2718.18,"body":"sculptures than Italy now,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2718.18,"endTime":2720.1,"body":"that's the message."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2720.1,"endTime":2721.24,"body":"And more statues,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2721.24,"endTime":2723.55,"body":"that's \"The Fame of the King,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2723.55,"endTime":2727.36,"body":"this is another mythological scene,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2727.36,"endTime":2730.273,"body":"this is Ganymede being"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2727.36,"endTime":2730.273,"body":"abducted by the eagle,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2731.2,"endTime":2734.8,"body":"this is \"Le Colereux,\" \"The Angry One,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2734.8,"endTime":2737.203,"body":"these are Perseus and Andromeda."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2738.7,"endTime":2741.37,"body":"This is the Trianon of Porcelain,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2741.37,"endTime":2743.98,"body":"which he himself designed, 1670,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2743.98,"endTime":2746.41,"body":"it's really a love nest,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2746.41,"endTime":2748.15,"body":"to give it a polite name,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2748.15,"endTime":2751.24,"body":"for his meetings with Madame de Montespan,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2751.24,"endTime":2752.95,"body":"he's sort of showing off"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2752.95,"endTime":2755.653,"body":"that he's got the most"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2752.95,"endTime":2755.653,"body":"attractive woman of the court."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2757.45,"endTime":2759.7,"body":"And then he replaces it"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2757.45,"endTime":2759.7,"body":"with another building,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2759.7,"endTime":2762.85,"body":"which again he designs with"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2759.7,"endTime":2762.85,"body":"Mansart, the architect,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2762.85,"endTime":2763.93,"body":"the Trianon,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2763.93,"endTime":2767.56,"body":"which is his escape from Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2767.56,"endTime":2769.99,"body":"he himself liked escaping from Versailles."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2769.99,"endTime":2773.17,"body":"And these flowerbeds were packed"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2773.17,"endTime":2776.56,"body":"with hyacinths, and tuberoses, and others,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2776.56,"endTime":2779.44,"body":"grown in a special nursery at Toulon,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2779.44,"endTime":2780.94,"body":"on the Mediterranean,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2780.94,"endTime":2782.02,"body":"for the King,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2782.02,"endTime":2784.21,"body":"thousands of plants would be brought up,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2784.21,"endTime":2786.73,"body":"they'd be changed quite frequently,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2786.73,"endTime":2791.73,"body":"and it is said by Saint-Simon,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2786.73,"endTime":2791.73,"body":"and also by other sources,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2791.92,"endTime":2795.34,"body":"that the smell of the plants was so strong"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2795.34,"endTime":2799.12,"body":"that sometimes the courtiers"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2795.34,"endTime":2799.12,"body":"were driven back inside,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2799.12,"endTime":2802.57,"body":"they couldn't cope, their"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2799.12,"endTime":2802.57,"body":"noses couldn't cope."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2802.57,"endTime":2805.99,"body":"There it is, the Grand Trianon"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2802.57,"endTime":2805.99,"body":"under Louis XIV's reign,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2805.99,"endTime":2807.793,"body":"it's like an Italian villa,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2809.29,"endTime":2810.643,"body":"and there it is again."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2812.56,"endTime":2814.24,"body":"And then this is Marly,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2814.24,"endTime":2816.88,"body":"another palace, or pavilion,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2816.88,"endTime":2819.43,"body":"which he built from the 1680s"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2819.43,"endTime":2820.93,"body":"as an escape from Versailles."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2820.93,"endTime":2823.413,"body":"In the end, he's spending"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2820.93,"endTime":2823.413,"body":"a third of the year there."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2824.5,"endTime":2826.513,"body":"He lived in the central pavilion,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2829.18,"endTime":2830.41,"body":"in the middle,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2830.41,"endTime":2832.51,"body":"and the pavilions on each side"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2832.51,"endTime":2834.613,"body":"are for courtiers and ministers."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2836.11,"endTime":2839.56,"body":"And he would design these"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2836.11,"endTime":2839.56,"body":"extraordinary garden rooms,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2839.56,"endTime":2841.75,"body":"which no longer exist,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2841.75,"endTime":2844.24,"body":"but here is a book"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2841.75,"endTime":2844.24,"body":"showing them around 1710."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2846.97,"endTime":2848.443,"body":"There's a picture of Marly,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2849.49,"endTime":2852.097,"body":"this is the famous \"Horses of Marly,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2853.84,"endTime":2858.22,"body":"done in 1700 by Girardon for Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2858.22,"endTime":2861.823,"body":"the originals are now in the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2858.22,"endTime":2861.823,"body":"Cour Marly in the Louvre."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2864.73,"endTime":2866.563,"body":"Trumpeting the fame of the king."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2868.42,"endTime":2870.73,"body":"And here you see one of his rooms,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2870.73,"endTime":2873.46,"body":"with the carp, which he loved to watch,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2873.46,"endTime":2874.813,"body":"golden carp,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2875.71,"endTime":2880.03,"body":"although not all carp need muddy water,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2880.03,"endTime":2881.71,"body":"but an awful lot do,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2881.71,"endTime":2883.24,"body":"so he wanted to see them,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2883.24,"endTime":2884.56,"body":"so he put them in clear water,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2884.56,"endTime":2887.14,"body":"and then a lot of his carp died,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2887.14,"endTime":2888.61,"body":"but he did see them."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2888.61,"endTime":2892.393,"body":"This is called the Fountain"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2888.61,"endTime":2892.393,"body":"of the Children of the West."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2896.08,"endTime":2898.78,"body":"This is the river which"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2896.08,"endTime":2898.78,"body":"he personally designed,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2898.78,"endTime":2903.78,"body":"a series of water-filled areas."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2907.93,"endTime":2909.85,"body":"It's called Parnassus,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2909.85,"endTime":2913.03,"body":"these alcoves, full of statues,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2913.03,"endTime":2916.06,"body":"where you could walk,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2913.03,"endTime":2916.06,"body":"talk, and play games,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2916.06,"endTime":2920.073,"body":"lots of games were provided"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2916.06,"endTime":2920.073,"body":"to courtiers invited to Marly."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2922.15,"endTime":2922.983,"body":"The Parnassus,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2922.983,"endTime":2927.67,"body":"you see it's an endless"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2922.983,"endTime":2927.67,"body":"landscape of walks,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2927.67,"endTime":2931.3,"body":"and there's only a park left,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2931.3,"endTime":2934.42,"body":"it was destroyed during the revolution,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2934.42,"endTime":2935.74,"body":"but it's to go to Marly,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2935.74,"endTime":2937.36,"body":"where it's much more relaxed"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2937.36,"endTime":2938.29,"body":"and you could talk"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2938.29,"endTime":2940.27,"body":"to the King and members"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2938.29,"endTime":2940.27,"body":"of the royal family"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2940.27,"endTime":2941.5,"body":"in the central room,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2941.5,"endTime":2942.76,"body":"and the ministers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2942.76,"endTime":2946.18,"body":"and it's for that that people"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2942.76,"endTime":2946.18,"body":"would line up in Versailles"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2946.18,"endTime":2949.577,"body":"as the King passed on"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2946.18,"endTime":2949.577,"body":"his way to mass, and say,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2949.577,"endTime":2951.43,"body":"\"Marly, sire?\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2951.43,"endTime":2954.28,"body":"Can I go to Marly please, your majesty,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2954.28,"endTime":2956.02,"body":"and he would decide later in the day,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2956.02,"endTime":2958.57,"body":"and it was all last-minute,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2958.57,"endTime":2960.13,"body":"to make the honor of being invited"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2960.13,"endTime":2962.233,"body":"even more extraordinary."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2964.57,"endTime":2966.7,"body":"This is how it is now,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2966.7,"endTime":2968.89,"body":"there's nothing left of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2966.7,"endTime":2968.89,"body":"the central pavilion,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2968.89,"endTime":2971.14,"body":"and just some trees and walks,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2971.14,"endTime":2972.733,"body":"no statues are left."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2975.88,"endTime":2978.013,"body":"And this the Machine of Marly,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2979.45,"endTime":2982.51,"body":"the largest machine of its day,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2982.51,"endTime":2984.88,"body":"which had a mechanism of wood"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2984.88,"endTime":2988.18,"body":"to bring water up from"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2984.88,"endTime":2988.18,"body":"the Seine to an aqueduct,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2988.18,"endTime":2989.41,"body":"which would then water"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2989.41,"endTime":2992.323,"body":"the fountains of Marly and Versailles."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2994.049,"endTime":2995.71,"body":"And Louis XIV loved his gardens,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2995.71,"endTime":2997.81,"body":"he would go out in winter."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":2997.81,"endTime":3000.03,"body":"Even when it was so cold"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3000.03,"endTime":3004.35,"body":"that his dogs refused to go out,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3004.35,"endTime":3006.573,"body":"the King would go out."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3012.12,"endTime":3015.393,"body":"Again, it's a recreation"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3012.12,"endTime":3015.393,"body":"of the classical past."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3018.981,"endTime":3022.14,"body":"And there you see him touring"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3018.981,"endTime":3022.14,"body":"the gardens of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3022.14,"endTime":3024.42,"body":"and what is the point of Versailles?"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3024.42,"endTime":3025.59,"body":"It's not only"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3025.59,"endTime":3028.38,"body":"actually quite an efficient"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3025.59,"endTime":3028.38,"body":"government and military center,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3028.38,"endTime":3032.43,"body":"it's away from the hurly-burly of Paris,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3032.43,"endTime":3034.8,"body":"for various reasons, not just fear,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3034.8,"endTime":3039.0,"body":"but also, Paris distracted his ministers,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3039.0,"endTime":3042.307,"body":"but also, in the words"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3039.0,"endTime":3042.307,"body":"of the \"Mercure Galant\","},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3042.307,"endTime":3046.087,"body":"\"At Versailles, Louis XIV"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3042.307,"endTime":3046.087,"body":"does the honors of France"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3046.087,"endTime":3049.74,"body":"\"and shows foreigners the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3046.087,"endTime":3049.74,"body":"magnificence of his court,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3049.74,"endTime":3051.99,"body":"and I think it's a dialog"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3049.74,"endTime":3051.99,"body":"with Europe, saying,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3051.99,"endTime":3053.46,"body":"we've got it best,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3053.46,"endTime":3057.723,"body":"it's better than ancient"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3053.46,"endTime":3057.723,"body":"Rome or Renaissance Rome."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3059.34,"endTime":3060.96,"body":"Even enemy ambassadors,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3060.96,"endTime":3063.78,"body":"like William III's Lord Portland,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3063.78,"endTime":3065.317,"body":"he called Marly,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3065.317,"endTime":3068.797,"body":"\"The most agreeable garden I have seen,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3068.797,"endTime":3071.847,"body":"\"and it would greatly"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3068.797,"endTime":3071.847,"body":"please your majesty.\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3072.84,"endTime":3075.72,"body":"And an Ottoman ambassador was so struck"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3075.72,"endTime":3077.52,"body":"by the gardens at Marly"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3077.52,"endTime":3078.427,"body":"that he said,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3078.427,"endTime":3082.577,"body":"\"The world was the prison"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3078.427,"endTime":3082.577,"body":"of the faithful Muslims"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3083.917,"endTime":3086.827,"body":"\"since they did not possess such gardens,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3086.827,"endTime":3089.017,"body":"\"but the paradise of the infidel,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3089.017,"endTime":3090.987,"body":"\"since Christians did,\""},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3091.86,"endTime":3096.18,"body":"He's raising France to the"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3091.86,"endTime":3096.18,"body":"artistic level of Italy."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3096.18,"endTime":3098.133,"body":"And I just want to conclude with,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3100.62,"endTime":3104.04,"body":"there he is at the end of"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3100.62,"endTime":3104.04,"body":"his reign, in his wheelchair,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3104.04,"endTime":3105.633,"body":"in the gardens of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3107.58,"endTime":3109.17,"body":"the orangery,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3109.17,"endTime":3110.34,"body":"the orangery as it is,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3110.34,"endTime":3111.45,"body":"you can go in,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3111.45,"endTime":3113.55,"body":"it's quite difficult to find the entrance,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3116.52,"endTime":3121.26,"body":"a book publishing the statues"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3116.52,"endTime":3121.26,"body":"and groups of Versailles"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3121.26,"endTime":3123.42,"body":"for the rest of Europe,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3123.42,"endTime":3125.4,"body":"the chapel, which is finished in 1710,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3125.4,"endTime":3128.82,"body":"the finest space in Versailles, I think,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3128.82,"endTime":3131.853,"body":"it still has concerts to this day,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3134.97,"endTime":3137.22,"body":"the roof of the chapel, by Coypel,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3137.22,"endTime":3141.243,"body":"showing God the Father"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3137.22,"endTime":3141.243,"body":"blessing the congregation."},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3142.74,"endTime":3143.88,"body":"This is Fontainebleau,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3143.88,"endTime":3146.07,"body":"he had another palace at Fontainebleau,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3146.07,"endTime":3148.26,"body":"also well worth a visit,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3148.26,"endTime":3150.093,"body":"fewer crowds than at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"the Ballet of the Night in 1653","startTime":3151.32,"endTime":3153.003,"body":"you see the gardens to the right."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3156.54,"endTime":3160.44,"body":"even in England while"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3156.54,"endTime":3160.44,"body":"it's fighting Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3160.44,"endTime":3163.05,"body":"Chatsworth, built by the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3160.44,"endTime":3163.05,"body":"Whig Duke of Devonshire,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3163.05,"endTime":3165.15,"body":"the gardens and the architecture"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3165.15,"endTime":3167.58,"body":"are partly inspired by Versailles,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3167.58,"endTime":3170.07,"body":"the architecture's partly based on Marly,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3170.07,"endTime":3174.783,"body":"and it's been designed by"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3170.07,"endTime":3174.783,"body":"Frenchmen imported from France,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3176.88,"endTime":3179.46,"body":"you see that is slightly like the facade"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3179.46,"endTime":3182.403,"body":"of the royal pavilion at Marly."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3183.63,"endTime":3185.883,"body":"Boughton, full of French furniture,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3186.9,"endTime":3188.673,"body":"made for Ralph Montagu,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3189.69,"endTime":3191.973,"body":"Charles II's ambassador to Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3193.05,"endTime":3195.18,"body":"There you see some of the furniture,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3195.18,"endTime":3198.153,"body":"this is in fact at Chatsworth,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3199.35,"endTime":3203.013,"body":"a bust of Louis XIV on a Boule cabinet."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3204.75,"endTime":3206.22,"body":"Charlottenburg,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3206.22,"endTime":3208.92,"body":"the palace isn't entirely like Versailles,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3208.92,"endTime":3211.2,"body":"but it's very, very large,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3211.2,"endTime":3213.84,"body":"and the statue of the Great Elector"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3213.84,"endTime":3218.193,"body":"was based on a statue of Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3219.9,"endTime":3223.41,"body":"And here is his royal palace in Potsdam,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3223.41,"endTime":3225.87,"body":"this is a book made by a Frenchman,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3225.87,"endTime":3228.18,"body":"a Huguenot exile from France,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3228.18,"endTime":3229.2,"body":"but you see, again,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3229.2,"endTime":3231.87,"body":"a slight influence of Versailles."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3231.87,"endTime":3235.08,"body":"He also introduced a state bedchamber,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3235.08,"endTime":3236.73,"body":"as most monarchs did,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3236.73,"endTime":3238.353,"body":"because Louis XIV had one."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3239.7,"endTime":3241.86,"body":"And here you have the Neues Palais,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3241.86,"endTime":3243.69,"body":"built by a Huguenot descendant,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3243.69,"endTime":3246.87,"body":"it's really Frederick the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3243.69,"endTime":3246.87,"body":"Great's equivalent of Versailles,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3246.87,"endTime":3250.833,"body":"a great big palace in"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3246.87,"endTime":3250.833,"body":"a park full of statues."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3251.94,"endTime":3254.97,"body":"This is the state bedchamber"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3254.97,"endTime":3258.09,"body":"of the Elector of Saxony, King of Poland,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3258.09,"endTime":3260.25,"body":"again, a novelty introduced,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3260.25,"endTime":3262.443,"body":"partly inspired by Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3263.88,"endTime":3265.71,"body":"This is the Elector of Bavaria,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3265.71,"endTime":3268.5,"body":"an ally and relation of Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3268.5,"endTime":3270.15,"body":"crowned with Victory,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3270.15,"endTime":3272.763,"body":"again inspired by Louis XIV."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3274.8,"endTime":3276.27,"body":"And here is his bedroom,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3276.27,"endTime":3280.92,"body":"with a railing exactly like at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3280.92,"endTime":3283.05,"body":"and he would have a levee and a coucher,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3283.05,"endTime":3284.34,"body":"and a French style court"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3284.34,"endTime":3287.28,"body":"with endless balls and plays,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3287.28,"endTime":3288.27,"body":"as at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3288.27,"endTime":3291.81,"body":"and Bavaria remained an ally of France"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3291.81,"endTime":3293.283,"body":"until the 19th century."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3296.37,"endTime":3301.37,"body":"And here you see the Palace"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3296.37,"endTime":3301.37,"body":"of Peterhof, in Russia,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3303.81,"endTime":3305.587,"body":"Peter the Great had been simple, radical,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3305.587,"endTime":3307.47,"body":"different from other monarchs,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3307.47,"endTime":3308.61,"body":"but he's not so different"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3308.61,"endTime":3311.85,"body":"that he didn't have a"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3308.61,"endTime":3311.85,"body":"Louis XIV-inspired palace"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3311.85,"endTime":3314.4,"body":"built for him outside St. Petersburg,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3314.4,"endTime":3315.97,"body":"and he did visit Versailles"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3316.95,"endTime":3319.653,"body":"after Louis XIV's death in 1717."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3322.66,"endTime":3325.08,"body":"Louis XIV had refused to receive him,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3325.08,"endTime":3327.81,"body":"saying that the Russians are barbarians,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3327.81,"endTime":3330.54,"body":"but in fact, under Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3330.54,"endTime":3333.75,"body":"the French behave even more barbarically"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3333.75,"endTime":3336.363,"body":"towards Protestants and their neighbors."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3338.31,"endTime":3342.393,"body":"And that is a party at Versailles,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3343.35,"endTime":3344.183,"body":"for the wedding"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3344.183,"endTime":3346.56,"body":"of the future Louis XVI"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3344.183,"endTime":3346.56,"body":"and Marie Antoinette,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3346.56,"endTime":3348.78,"body":"just to show that the party went on"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3348.78,"endTime":3350.61,"body":"after Louis XIV's reign,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3350.61,"endTime":3354.09,"body":"Versailles remains an"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3350.61,"endTime":3354.09,"body":"incredible entertainment center"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3354.09,"endTime":3355.44,"body":"for the whole of Europe"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3355.44,"endTime":3358.98,"body":"until the French Revolution,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3358.98,"endTime":3360.24,"body":"and now it is again,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3360.24,"endTime":3365.24,"body":"with constant concerts,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3360.24,"endTime":3365.24,"body":"operas, plays, special events"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3366.09,"endTime":3367.29,"body":"in the evening,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3367.29,"endTime":3370.537,"body":"as well as being open"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3367.29,"endTime":3370.537,"body":"to the world in the day,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3370.537,"endTime":3374.73,"body":"and it is the second most"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3370.537,"endTime":3374.73,"body":"visited palace in the world"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3374.73,"endTime":3378.09,"body":"after the Forbidden City in Beijing."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3378.09,"endTime":3379.905,"body":"Thank you very much."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3379.905,"endTime":3382.905,"body":"(audience applauds)"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3389.308,"endTime":3390.141,"body":"- Dr. Mansel,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3390.141,"endTime":3392.19,"body":"thank you very much for"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3390.141,"endTime":3392.19,"body":"such a fascinating lecture."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3392.19,"endTime":3394.26,"body":"We are almost out of time,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3394.26,"endTime":3396.63,"body":"but we will try and squeeze"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3394.26,"endTime":3396.63,"body":"in a couple of questions."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3396.63,"endTime":3400.087,"body":"So the first one I'll say"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3396.63,"endTime":3400.087,"body":"is from the online audience:"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3400.087,"endTime":3402.907,"body":"\"How significant were the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3400.087,"endTime":3402.907,"body":"arts and culture of Versailles"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3402.907,"endTime":3406.077,"body":"\"in establishing and developing"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3402.907,"endTime":3406.077,"body":"Louis' absolute power?\""},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3409.14,"endTime":3412.953,"body":"- Well, I think they"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3409.14,"endTime":3412.953,"body":"were to entertain people,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3413.97,"endTime":3416.43,"body":"I mean, they absorbed a lot of energy,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3416.43,"endTime":3419.82,"body":"but Louis' absolute power"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3416.43,"endTime":3419.82,"body":"is much more realistic,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3419.82,"endTime":3422.97,"body":"it's based on force, on"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3419.82,"endTime":3422.97,"body":"his great army and guard,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3422.97,"endTime":3427.97,"body":"which terrified rebellious"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3422.97,"endTime":3427.97,"body":"nobles and provinces,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3428.28,"endTime":3433.28,"body":"and on money, giving"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3428.28,"endTime":3433.28,"body":"pensions to lots of people,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3433.74,"endTime":3435.333,"body":"buying support, in fact."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3436.23,"endTime":3438.9,"body":"The great pensions of the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3436.23,"endTime":3438.9,"body":"Fifth French Republic,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3438.9,"endTime":3443.13,"body":"which the French Government"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3438.9,"endTime":3443.13,"body":"is trying to reduce now,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3443.13,"endTime":3447.36,"body":"is very similar to the huge"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3443.13,"endTime":3447.36,"body":"pension system of Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3447.36,"endTime":3452.36,"body":"giving soldiers, and"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3447.36,"endTime":3452.36,"body":"officials, and others pensions."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3452.76,"endTime":3455.087,"body":"I think people were more realistic,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3455.087,"endTime":3459.27,"body":"the arts of Versailles"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3455.087,"endTime":3459.27,"body":"were the icing on the cake"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3459.27,"endTime":3461.937,"body":"rather than the cake itself."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3461.937,"endTime":3466.937,"body":"- [Questioner] In the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3461.937,"endTime":3466.937,"body":"historiography of the Bourbon kings,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3468.72,"endTime":3470.52,"body":"I've always been struck by a lacuna,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3471.54,"endTime":3473.1,"body":"and that is,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3473.1,"endTime":3476.95,"body":"as you know, you've written"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3473.1,"endTime":3476.95,"body":"a book on Louis XVIII"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3478.922,"endTime":3480.43,"body":"at the time of the restoration"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3481.47,"endTime":3482.73,"body":"after the Napoleonic Wars,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3482.73,"endTime":3487.73,"body":"but there is no standard"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3482.73,"endTime":3487.73,"body":"English biography of Charles X,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3490.11,"endTime":3494.71,"body":"who was the last king of"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3490.11,"endTime":3494.71,"body":"the main Bourbon dynasty"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3496.05,"endTime":3500.49,"body":"until the second revolution of 1830."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3500.49,"endTime":3501.6,"body":"Can you explain why,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3501.6,"endTime":3505.26,"body":"and secondly, would you be"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3501.6,"endTime":3505.26,"body":"able to fill that lacuna?"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3505.26,"endTime":3506.093,"body":"- Could I?"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3507.09,"endTime":3509.62,"body":"- [Questioner] Would you be"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3507.09,"endTime":3509.62,"body":"able to fill that lacuna?"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3509.62,"endTime":3512.809,"body":"- Well, his handwriting is"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3509.62,"endTime":3512.809,"body":"very bad and very illegible,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3512.809,"endTime":3514.17,"body":"so it would be very difficult,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3514.17,"endTime":3516.51,"body":"and I think, because he was overthrown,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3516.51,"endTime":3518.22,"body":"because he was extremely right wing,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3518.22,"endTime":3520.8,"body":"and because he was extremely pious,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3520.8,"endTime":3524.79,"body":"he's quite hard for a"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3520.8,"endTime":3524.79,"body":"modern writer to understand."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3524.79,"endTime":3527.55,"body":"But he is fascinating, he had a good side,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3527.55,"endTime":3529.59,"body":"he also was a patron of the arts,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3529.59,"endTime":3532.68,"body":"who improved the Louvre"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3529.59,"endTime":3532.68,"body":"and encouraged writers,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3532.68,"endTime":3535.83,"body":"and he had very good manners,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3535.83,"endTime":3537.96,"body":"but politically, he was foolish,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3537.96,"endTime":3541.833,"body":"so that doesn't attract biographers much,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3543.48,"endTime":3544.92,"body":"neither in France nor England,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3544.92,"endTime":3546.96,"body":"and so right wing,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3546.96,"endTime":3549.259,"body":"and associated with the Polignac family,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3549.259,"endTime":3551.853,"body":"who were the most"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3549.259,"endTime":3551.853,"body":"unpopular family at court."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3553.734,"endTime":3557.19,"body":"- [Questioner] And he"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3553.734,"endTime":3557.19,"body":"helped the revolution."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3557.19,"endTime":3561.39,"body":"- Yeah, he helped make the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3557.19,"endTime":3561.39,"body":"revolution more extreme,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3561.39,"endTime":3563.34,"body":"but it probably would have been anyway."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3564.96,"endTime":3566.4,"body":"But he was, in my opinion,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3566.4,"endTime":3569.13,"body":"quite right to leave"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3566.4,"endTime":3569.13,"body":"early, emigrate early,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3569.13,"endTime":3571.443,"body":"it saved his life and"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3569.13,"endTime":3571.443,"body":"his children's lives."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3572.94,"endTime":3576.0,"body":"- [Questioner] I'm just"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3572.94,"endTime":3576.0,"body":"wondering about his finances,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3576.0,"endTime":3578.013,"body":"with all that expenditure."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3580.05,"endTime":3581.35,"body":"- They were a catastrophe."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3582.216,"endTime":3583.41,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3583.41,"endTime":3585.963,"body":"He came to power in 1661."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3586.8,"endTime":3588.81,"body":"Fouquet, the corrupt banker"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3588.81,"endTime":3591.884,"body":"who'd kept the Crown afloat in the Fronde,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3591.884,"endTime":3593.7,"body":"he imprisons him,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3593.7,"endTime":3595.74,"body":"he says, I'm going to change everything,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3595.74,"endTime":3597.903,"body":"destroy the corrupt financial system,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3598.89,"endTime":3601.86,"body":"and when Colbert is alive, 'til 1683,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3601.86,"endTime":3603.18,"body":"it works,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3603.18,"endTime":3605.16,"body":"and there's lovely balanced budgets"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3605.16,"endTime":3608.46,"body":"which are presented to the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3605.16,"endTime":3608.46,"body":"King in beautiful books,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3608.46,"endTime":3611.463,"body":"which are probably slightly fantaisiste,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3613.68,"endTime":3615.09,"body":"but after Colbert dies,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3615.09,"endTime":3616.833,"body":"and as the wars become bigger,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3618.36,"endTime":3621.63,"body":"the whole machine goes out of control."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3621.63,"endTime":3622.83,"body":"And it's not the court,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3622.83,"endTime":3624.48,"body":"though that is expensive,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3624.48,"endTime":3626.67,"body":"it's the army, the navy,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3626.67,"endTime":3629.973,"body":"and building forts all"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3626.67,"endTime":3629.973,"body":"round France with Vauban,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3630.84,"endTime":3634.71,"body":"and loans to keep the army paid,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3634.71,"endTime":3638.82,"body":"loans at 10%, 15%, 20% interest,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3638.82,"endTime":3641.523,"body":"loans often from his"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3638.82,"endTime":3641.523,"body":"Protestant enemies, even,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3642.36,"endTime":3644.31,"body":"that's what really destroys France."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3644.31,"endTime":3646.59,"body":"The debt in 1715"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3646.59,"endTime":3649.503,"body":"was even greater than the debt in 1789."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3650.43,"endTime":3653.16,"body":"And the regent, his nephew, Orleans,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3653.16,"endTime":3656.37,"body":"does help improve things for a time,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3656.37,"endTime":3660.12,"body":"but the French monarchy"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3656.37,"endTime":3660.12,"body":"never has good finances,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3660.12,"endTime":3663.18,"body":"and is always in the"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3660.12,"endTime":3663.18,"body":"pocket of the financiers,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3663.18,"endTime":3666.18,"body":"and that's the root cause"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3663.18,"endTime":3666.18,"body":"of the French Revolution"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3666.18,"endTime":3668.19,"body":"and summoning the Estates General,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3668.19,"endTime":3669.603,"body":"because they're bankrupt,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3671.07,"endTime":3674.61,"body":"and they wouldn't have"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3671.07,"endTime":3674.61,"body":"summoned the Estates General"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3674.61,"endTime":3676.08,"body":"without that bankruptcy,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3676.08,"endTime":3678.003,"body":"and the war against Britain,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3679.022,"endTime":3680.34,"body":"the War of American Independence,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3680.34,"endTime":3683.37,"body":"is what finishes them off."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3683.37,"endTime":3687.03,"body":"He did establish an"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3683.37,"endTime":3687.03,"body":"egalitarian tax, Louis XIV,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3687.03,"endTime":3689.91,"body":"whereby the rich had to pay"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3689.91,"endTime":3692.67,"body":"a proportion of their income also,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3692.67,"endTime":3694.68,"body":"as well as the poor,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3694.68,"endTime":3697.68,"body":"and it did go on under his successors,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3697.68,"endTime":3700.08,"body":"but it wasn't enough,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3700.08,"endTime":3701.82,"body":"there wasn't enough direct taxation,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3701.82,"endTime":3705.773,"body":"and people tended to"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3701.82,"endTime":3705.773,"body":"get exemptions from it."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3705.773,"endTime":3707.61,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3707.61,"endTime":3709.77,"body":"- I'm afraid that's all we've"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3707.61,"endTime":3709.77,"body":"got time for this evening,"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3709.77,"endTime":3711.06,"body":"thank you for your questions."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3711.06,"endTime":3713.453,"body":"Please join me in thanking"},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3711.06,"endTime":3713.453,"body":"Dr. Mansel one more time."},{"speaker":"And now the influence abroad","startTime":3714.472,"endTime":3717.472,"body":"(audience applauds)"}]}