{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.179,"endTime":3.012,"body":"(title swooshing)"},{"startTime":4.92,"endTime":7.14,"body":"- What I'm going to"},{"startTime":4.92,"endTime":7.14,"body":"talk about this evening"},{"startTime":7.14,"endTime":9.96,"body":"is Queen Victoria's attempts"},{"startTime":9.96,"endTime":14.96,"body":"to project an image which"},{"startTime":9.96,"endTime":14.96,"body":"was supposed to tell people"},{"startTime":15.84,"endTime":18.93,"body":"something about the"},{"startTime":15.84,"endTime":18.93,"body":"power relations involved,"},{"startTime":18.93,"endTime":22.77,"body":"perhaps in her family"},{"startTime":18.93,"endTime":22.77,"body":"or her political life."},{"startTime":22.77,"endTime":23.76,"body":"Queen Victoria."},{"startTime":23.76,"endTime":27.18,"body":"We all know that Queen Victoria"},{"startTime":23.76,"endTime":27.18,"body":"was a very prolific writer,"},{"startTime":27.18,"endTime":31.23,"body":"and each night in her journal,"},{"startTime":27.18,"endTime":31.23,"body":"she wrote 2,000 words,"},{"startTime":31.23,"endTime":32.16,"body":"and it's estimated"},{"startTime":32.16,"endTime":36.42,"body":"that she penned 60 million"},{"startTime":32.16,"endTime":36.42,"body":"words in her journal"},{"startTime":36.42,"endTime":38.7,"body":"over her entire lifetime."},{"startTime":38.7,"endTime":41.67,"body":"And she was also a prolific letter writer,"},{"startTime":41.67,"endTime":45.36,"body":"and her letters, both"},{"startTime":41.67,"endTime":45.36,"body":"public political letters"},{"startTime":45.36,"endTime":50.36,"body":"and private family letters"},{"startTime":45.36,"endTime":50.36,"body":"fill many, many volumes,"},{"startTime":50.49,"endTime":53.52,"body":"and there are many more"},{"startTime":50.49,"endTime":53.52,"body":"that are not published."},{"startTime":53.52,"endTime":56.839,"body":"So Victoria was certainly hugely aware"},{"startTime":56.839,"endTime":59.88,"body":"of the importance of communication"},{"startTime":59.88,"endTime":62.073,"body":"and writing and narrative, really."},{"startTime":63.09,"endTime":66.81,"body":"But she was also aware, I"},{"startTime":63.09,"endTime":66.81,"body":"think, from a very early age,"},{"startTime":66.81,"endTime":69.543,"body":"of the importance of projecting an image."},{"startTime":71.46,"endTime":73.29,"body":"We talk about the Elizabethan image"},{"startTime":73.29,"endTime":75.33,"body":"going back to Queen Elizabeth I."},{"startTime":75.33,"endTime":77.88,"body":"There was also a Victorian image,"},{"startTime":77.88,"endTime":80.103,"body":"the importance of images of power."},{"startTime":81.797,"endTime":84.57,"body":"If we look at Victoria at"},{"startTime":81.797,"endTime":84.57,"body":"the time of her coronation,"},{"startTime":84.57,"endTime":86.73,"body":"she came to the throne in 1837"},{"startTime":86.73,"endTime":90.12,"body":"and she was crowned the next year in 1838."},{"startTime":90.12,"endTime":95.12,"body":"And during that time,"},{"startTime":90.12,"endTime":95.12,"body":"she sat for 15 artists."},{"startTime":95.88,"endTime":99.09,"body":"Imagine having to give"},{"startTime":95.88,"endTime":99.09,"body":"sittings practically every day"},{"startTime":99.09,"endTime":99.963,"body":"to these people."},{"startTime":100.92,"endTime":105.19,"body":"And one of the artists for whom she sat"},{"startTime":107.73,"endTime":110.973,"body":"was the American painter Thomas Sully,"},{"startTime":113.46,"endTime":118.46,"body":"and this is the painting that"},{"startTime":113.46,"endTime":118.46,"body":"Sully produced of the Queen."},{"startTime":118.59,"endTime":122.64,"body":"And while Sully was"},{"startTime":118.59,"endTime":122.64,"body":"painting her, they talked,"},{"startTime":122.64,"endTime":126.27,"body":"and Sully said that the"},{"startTime":122.64,"endTime":126.27,"body":"Queen was very interested"},{"startTime":126.27,"endTime":127.62,"body":"in the correct,"},{"startTime":127.62,"endTime":132.6,"body":"the pose that would be most"},{"startTime":127.62,"endTime":132.6,"body":"appropriate for these paintings,"},{"startTime":132.6,"endTime":137.19,"body":"and also that she was"},{"startTime":132.6,"endTime":137.19,"body":"very anxious to dispatch,"},{"startTime":137.19,"endTime":140.07,"body":"that was the Queen's"},{"startTime":137.19,"endTime":140.07,"body":"word, her image abroad,"},{"startTime":140.07,"endTime":141.753,"body":"and particularly in America."},{"startTime":142.65,"endTime":145.44,"body":"And so this is the painting"},{"startTime":142.65,"endTime":145.44,"body":"that Sully produced"},{"startTime":145.44,"endTime":147.84,"body":"after his discussions with the Queen."},{"startTime":147.84,"endTime":150.96,"body":"And you can see that it's a painting,"},{"startTime":150.96,"endTime":152.52,"body":"it's not a formal painting."},{"startTime":152.52,"endTime":153.353,"body":"It's showing the Queen."},{"startTime":153.353,"endTime":155.28,"body":"She's wearing a crown"},{"startTime":153.353,"endTime":155.28,"body":"and she's wearing robes,"},{"startTime":155.28,"endTime":156.33,"body":"it's quite true,"},{"startTime":156.33,"endTime":160.77,"body":"but the Queen is not sitting"},{"startTime":156.33,"endTime":160.77,"body":"as she would have sat"},{"startTime":160.77,"endTime":164.31,"body":"if she was having a"},{"startTime":160.77,"endTime":164.31,"body":"conventional coronation portrait"},{"startTime":164.31,"endTime":169.31,"body":"with lots of columns around"},{"startTime":164.31,"endTime":169.31,"body":"her and the crown to one side."},{"startTime":169.38,"endTime":171.18,"body":"Well, it is to one side there, actually,"},{"startTime":171.18,"endTime":174.51,"body":"but it's a much more informal image."},{"startTime":174.51,"endTime":178.23,"body":"And I think that what Sully"},{"startTime":174.51,"endTime":178.23,"body":"is trying to do with this,"},{"startTime":178.23,"endTime":182.73,"body":"is to show the Queen"},{"startTime":178.23,"endTime":182.73,"body":"turning her back on the dark"},{"startTime":182.73,"endTime":185.193,"body":"and turning her back on the days,"},{"startTime":186.15,"endTime":188.553,"body":"the bad old days of her wicked uncles,"},{"startTime":189.69,"endTime":192.3,"body":"William IV and George IV."},{"startTime":192.3,"endTime":196.32,"body":"And she's now, she's on"},{"startTime":192.3,"endTime":196.32,"body":"the steps of the throne."},{"startTime":196.32,"endTime":197.85,"body":"It's a new dawn."},{"startTime":197.85,"endTime":199.11,"body":"It's a new reign."},{"startTime":199.11,"endTime":203.13,"body":"It's going to be innocent"},{"startTime":199.11,"endTime":203.13,"body":"and it's going to be young,"},{"startTime":203.13,"endTime":208.042,"body":"and it's going to be fresh"},{"startTime":203.13,"endTime":208.042,"body":"after the decadent old kings"},{"startTime":208.042,"endTime":210.093,"body":"who'd ruled Britain for too long."},{"startTime":211.02,"endTime":213.9,"body":"So we can see from this, I think,"},{"startTime":213.9,"endTime":217.8,"body":"that at a very early stage of her reign,"},{"startTime":217.8,"endTime":220.59,"body":"Queen Victoria has a very clear idea"},{"startTime":220.59,"endTime":222.6,"body":"of what kind of image"},{"startTime":220.59,"endTime":222.6,"body":"she wants to project,"},{"startTime":222.6,"endTime":225.033,"body":"how she wants people to see her."},{"startTime":226.94,"endTime":231.94,"body":"Now, quite soon after the"},{"startTime":226.94,"endTime":231.94,"body":"coronation, after the..."},{"startTime":235.05,"endTime":236.133,"body":"Sorry, start again."},{"startTime":237.24,"endTime":242.24,"body":"We've got Queen Victoria"},{"startTime":237.24,"endTime":242.24,"body":"then being seen with Sully"},{"startTime":243.53,"endTime":245.73,"body":"in the coronation."},{"startTime":245.73,"endTime":248.79,"body":"But we've also got here a painting"},{"startTime":248.79,"endTime":250.62,"body":"which was made in the following year,"},{"startTime":250.62,"endTime":253.47,"body":"which is a very important"},{"startTime":250.62,"endTime":253.47,"body":"piece of evidence"},{"startTime":253.47,"endTime":258.03,"body":"about Queen Victoria's view of"},{"startTime":253.47,"endTime":258.03,"body":"what her monarchy was about."},{"startTime":258.03,"endTime":260.943,"body":"Victoria married Prince"},{"startTime":258.03,"endTime":260.943,"body":"Albert, her first cousin,"},{"startTime":263.023,"endTime":266.25,"body":"in the year 1840,"},{"startTime":266.25,"endTime":268.92,"body":"and very shortly after the wedding,"},{"startTime":268.92,"endTime":272.13,"body":"Albert and Victoria had discussions"},{"startTime":272.13,"endTime":274.62,"body":"about what they were going to,"},{"startTime":274.62,"endTime":276.06,"body":"about getting somebody to paint them."},{"startTime":276.06,"endTime":278.1,"body":"They wanted a painting, big painting"},{"startTime":278.1,"endTime":280.35,"body":"to commemorate their"},{"startTime":278.1,"endTime":280.35,"body":"wedding, their marriage,"},{"startTime":281.79,"endTime":286.79,"body":"and the painting that they"},{"startTime":281.79,"endTime":286.79,"body":"commissioned was this."},{"startTime":288.6,"endTime":292.59,"body":"Now, the artist was Landseer,"},{"startTime":292.59,"endTime":295.23,"body":"who was a favorite artist of the Queen."},{"startTime":295.23,"endTime":297.69,"body":"He was, in fact, her drawing master."},{"startTime":297.69,"endTime":301.634,"body":"The Queen was actually rather"},{"startTime":297.69,"endTime":301.634,"body":"a talented watercolor artist."},{"startTime":301.634,"endTime":303.87,"body":"Here, this is one of"},{"startTime":301.634,"endTime":303.87,"body":"Queen Victoria's sketches"},{"startTime":303.87,"endTime":305.25,"body":"from a little bit later,"},{"startTime":305.25,"endTime":308.88,"body":"about 10 or 15 years"},{"startTime":305.25,"endTime":308.88,"body":"later from the marriage."},{"startTime":308.88,"endTime":311.79,"body":"These are her children at Osborne,"},{"startTime":311.79,"endTime":313.743,"body":"and it's a very charming sketch."},{"startTime":315.21,"endTime":318.865,"body":"So Landseer had been"},{"startTime":315.21,"endTime":318.865,"body":"teaching Queen Victoria."},{"startTime":318.865,"endTime":321.84,"body":"He was her drawing master,"},{"startTime":318.865,"endTime":321.84,"body":"teaching her to draw,"},{"startTime":321.84,"endTime":323.7,"body":"teaching her to paint."},{"startTime":323.7,"endTime":328.7,"body":"And this is the image that"},{"startTime":323.7,"endTime":328.7,"body":"they asked him to produce."},{"startTime":330.99,"endTime":333.54,"body":"And it's rather a"},{"startTime":330.99,"endTime":333.54,"body":"surprising picture, I think."},{"startTime":333.54,"endTime":337.62,"body":"It's called \"Windsor"},{"startTime":333.54,"endTime":337.62,"body":"Castle in Modern Times,\""},{"startTime":337.62,"endTime":340.888,"body":"painted between 1841 and 1843."},{"startTime":340.888,"endTime":344.79,"body":"So you have Victoria in her"},{"startTime":340.888,"endTime":344.79,"body":"sort of court dress there,"},{"startTime":344.79,"endTime":349.79,"body":"standing up in the white"},{"startTime":344.79,"endTime":349.79,"body":"drawing room at Windsor,"},{"startTime":350.28,"endTime":354.12,"body":"and Albert seated next to her is wearing,"},{"startTime":354.12,"endTime":355.89,"body":"you'd have thought very unsuitable clothes"},{"startTime":355.89,"endTime":358.08,"body":"to go shooting in."},{"startTime":358.08,"endTime":360.963,"body":"He's got very, very"},{"startTime":358.08,"endTime":360.963,"body":"fashionable German boots,"},{"startTime":361.86,"endTime":366.86,"body":"and he's also wearing, you"},{"startTime":361.86,"endTime":366.86,"body":"can just see, I think here,"},{"startTime":367.11,"endTime":369.875,"body":"the blue Garter ribbon,"},{"startTime":369.875,"endTime":372.51,"body":"which is the smartest decoration,"},{"startTime":372.51,"endTime":376.5,"body":"the most important order"},{"startTime":372.51,"endTime":376.5,"body":"that you could get."},{"startTime":376.5,"endTime":379.26,"body":"Albert is wearing it to go out shooting"},{"startTime":379.26,"endTime":381.123,"body":"and get dirty and wet."},{"startTime":382.59,"endTime":387.538,"body":"He's also obviously come back"},{"startTime":382.59,"endTime":387.538,"body":"from a successful expedition"},{"startTime":387.538,"endTime":392.538,"body":"and brought a bag full of dead"},{"startTime":387.538,"endTime":392.538,"body":"birds, there, there, there,"},{"startTime":394.003,"endTime":395.94,"body":"which his daughter here,"},{"startTime":395.94,"endTime":399.3,"body":"this is the eldest child"},{"startTime":395.94,"endTime":399.3,"body":"of Albert and Victoria,"},{"startTime":399.3,"endTime":401.19,"body":"his daughter Vicky,"},{"startTime":401.19,"endTime":404.013,"body":"is sort of playing with, and"},{"startTime":401.19,"endTime":404.013,"body":"the dogs are trying to eat."},{"startTime":406.29,"endTime":408.54,"body":"So I'm sure that in real life,"},{"startTime":408.54,"endTime":410.22,"body":"Albert would not have"},{"startTime":408.54,"endTime":410.22,"body":"come in from shooting"},{"startTime":410.22,"endTime":414.033,"body":"and dumped all these dead"},{"startTime":410.22,"endTime":414.033,"body":"birds at the foot of his wife."},{"startTime":416.34,"endTime":419.34,"body":"But this tells us something, I think,"},{"startTime":419.34,"endTime":422.37,"body":"about what the picture is trying to say."},{"startTime":422.37,"endTime":423.93,"body":"It's trying to say that this is,"},{"startTime":423.93,"endTime":428.733,"body":"Victoria is in the sort"},{"startTime":423.93,"endTime":428.733,"body":"of the woman's sphere."},{"startTime":429.99,"endTime":432.57,"body":"She is the angel in"},{"startTime":429.99,"endTime":432.57,"body":"the house, if you like."},{"startTime":432.57,"endTime":434.34,"body":"She's wearing, she"},{"startTime":432.57,"endTime":434.34,"body":"doesn't go out of doors,"},{"startTime":434.34,"endTime":437.52,"body":"she's wearing smart court dresses,"},{"startTime":437.52,"endTime":439.26,"body":"and this is that the woman's sphere."},{"startTime":439.26,"endTime":442.29,"body":"Albert has come from"},{"startTime":439.26,"endTime":442.29,"body":"the man's world of sport"},{"startTime":442.29,"endTime":445.3,"body":"and killing animals and mud and rain"},{"startTime":446.16,"endTime":449.49,"body":"into the interior of the palace"},{"startTime":449.49,"endTime":453.87,"body":"and is giving her as a"},{"startTime":449.49,"endTime":453.87,"body":"kind of sort of tribute"},{"startTime":453.87,"endTime":456.93,"body":"these birds that he's shot."},{"startTime":456.93,"endTime":460.08,"body":"But it is a rather strange image, I think,"},{"startTime":460.08,"endTime":462.183,"body":"to have as a sort of wedding picture."},{"startTime":464.53,"endTime":467.021,"body":"Now, Albert, in fact,"},{"startTime":467.021,"endTime":471.15,"body":"you might think that it was invention"},{"startTime":471.15,"endTime":474.42,"body":"to paint Albert wearing his Garter ribbon,"},{"startTime":474.42,"endTime":476.91,"body":"but in fact, it was the fact"},{"startTime":476.91,"endTime":479.1,"body":"that he did go out shooting"},{"startTime":476.91,"endTime":479.1,"body":"always, or hunting,"},{"startTime":479.1,"endTime":481.02,"body":"always wearing his Garter ribbon."},{"startTime":481.02,"endTime":483.66,"body":"This is a picture of him"},{"startTime":481.02,"endTime":483.66,"body":"shortly before he was,"},{"startTime":483.66,"endTime":485.7,"body":"at the time he was married,"},{"startTime":485.7,"endTime":490.02,"body":"and you can see he's showing"},{"startTime":485.7,"endTime":490.02,"body":"off the Garter ribbon"},{"startTime":490.02,"endTime":493.56,"body":"with its badge, there,"},{"startTime":493.56,"endTime":498.56,"body":"and it was present to him from the Queen,"},{"startTime":499.44,"endTime":502.41,"body":"and he clearly thought it was"},{"startTime":499.44,"endTime":502.41,"body":"a very important promotion,"},{"startTime":502.41,"endTime":504.06,"body":"as indeed it was."},{"startTime":504.06,"endTime":505.77,"body":"And it is true that when he went outside,"},{"startTime":505.77,"endTime":509.673,"body":"he would wear it, if he"},{"startTime":505.77,"endTime":509.673,"body":"was shooting or hunting."},{"startTime":516.06,"endTime":520.602,"body":"So Albert increasingly was,"},{"startTime":520.602,"endTime":524.34,"body":"after the first year"},{"startTime":520.602,"endTime":524.34,"body":"or two of the marriage,"},{"startTime":524.34,"endTime":527.34,"body":"became discontented."},{"startTime":527.34,"endTime":531.63,"body":"Queen Victoria was determined"},{"startTime":527.34,"endTime":531.63,"body":"to hang on to her power"},{"startTime":531.63,"endTime":532.803,"body":"as much as she could."},{"startTime":533.7,"endTime":536.67,"body":"When Albert asked if he"},{"startTime":533.7,"endTime":536.67,"body":"could help with the letters"},{"startTime":536.67,"endTime":537.9,"body":"that she had to write,"},{"startTime":537.9,"endTime":540.213,"body":"she said yes, he could blot them for her."},{"startTime":543.93,"endTime":547.47,"body":"And he said, well, could"},{"startTime":543.93,"endTime":547.47,"body":"he have a task of his own?"},{"startTime":547.47,"endTime":551.583,"body":"And she said yes, he could"},{"startTime":547.47,"endTime":551.583,"body":"put on her stockings for her."},{"startTime":552.42,"endTime":555.15,"body":"So Victoria was very resistant to the idea"},{"startTime":555.15,"endTime":560.15,"body":"of admitting Albert to"},{"startTime":555.15,"endTime":560.15,"body":"the sort of mechanics"},{"startTime":562.41,"endTime":564.81,"body":"of her role as Queen."},{"startTime":564.81,"endTime":566.4,"body":"But Albert, on the other hand,"},{"startTime":566.4,"endTime":569.04,"body":"felt that he had been almost sort of,"},{"startTime":569.04,"endTime":570.87,"body":"ever since he was a boy,"},{"startTime":570.87,"endTime":574.68,"body":"trained to become Victoria's husband"},{"startTime":574.68,"endTime":579.68,"body":"and also to take over the"},{"startTime":574.68,"endTime":579.68,"body":"running of the English monarchy."},{"startTime":582.09,"endTime":583.56,"body":"Victoria was a woman."},{"startTime":583.56,"endTime":586.14,"body":"She was, in Albert's view,"},{"startTime":583.56,"endTime":586.14,"body":"very poorly educated."},{"startTime":586.14,"endTime":587.07,"body":"This wasn't quite fair,"},{"startTime":587.07,"endTime":590.13,"body":"but she certainly was"},{"startTime":587.07,"endTime":590.13,"body":"less educated than Albert,"},{"startTime":590.13,"endTime":595.08,"body":"who was a highly intelligent"},{"startTime":590.13,"endTime":595.08,"body":"and extremely able man."},{"startTime":595.08,"endTime":599.19,"body":"And so there's always some kind of tension"},{"startTime":599.19,"endTime":601.653,"body":"between Albert and Victoria."},{"startTime":603.12,"endTime":606.21,"body":"And Albert starts writing"},{"startTime":603.12,"endTime":606.21,"body":"letters to his friends,"},{"startTime":606.21,"endTime":607.957,"body":"rather complaining letters, saying,"},{"startTime":607.957,"endTime":611.967,"body":"\"I am only the husband and"},{"startTime":607.957,"endTime":611.967,"body":"not the master in the house.\""},{"startTime":612.93,"endTime":615.54,"body":"In other words, he doesn't"},{"startTime":612.93,"endTime":615.54,"body":"have as much power as he wants."},{"startTime":615.54,"endTime":620.493,"body":"He's just there as a sort of,"},{"startTime":615.54,"endTime":620.493,"body":"almost a sort of ornament,"},{"startTime":621.45,"endTime":625.35,"body":"and that was not what he expected at all."},{"startTime":625.35,"endTime":628.62,"body":"And Victoria for her part is conflicted."},{"startTime":628.62,"endTime":629.61,"body":"On the one hand,"},{"startTime":629.61,"endTime":633.93,"body":"she certainly wants to"},{"startTime":629.61,"endTime":633.93,"body":"be the perfect wife,"},{"startTime":633.93,"endTime":638.19,"body":"and she is devoted to Albert."},{"startTime":638.19,"endTime":641.88,"body":"She wants to be the angel"},{"startTime":638.19,"endTime":641.88,"body":"in the house, as we've seen."},{"startTime":641.88,"endTime":643.17,"body":"But on the other hand,"},{"startTime":643.17,"endTime":646.77,"body":"she actually is incredibly"},{"startTime":643.17,"endTime":646.77,"body":"bored, she has to admit,"},{"startTime":646.77,"endTime":648.813,"body":"by the company of young babies."},{"startTime":650.22,"endTime":652.29,"body":"She really thought they"},{"startTime":650.22,"endTime":652.29,"body":"were sort of, you know,"},{"startTime":652.29,"endTime":654.12,"body":"she writes letters saying that babies,"},{"startTime":654.12,"endTime":657.723,"body":"when you're bathing babies,"},{"startTime":654.12,"endTime":657.723,"body":"they look like little frogs,"},{"startTime":659.81,"endTime":664.81,"body":"and she felt that breastfeeding"},{"startTime":659.81,"endTime":664.81,"body":"was absolutely revolting"},{"startTime":665.7,"endTime":668.733,"body":"and something she was"},{"startTime":665.7,"endTime":668.733,"body":"determined never to do."},{"startTime":669.6,"endTime":674.6,"body":"So Victoria is not comfortable"},{"startTime":669.6,"endTime":674.6,"body":"as the angel in the home."},{"startTime":675.54,"endTime":677.91,"body":"This is not a role that"},{"startTime":675.54,"endTime":677.91,"body":"comes to her naturally,"},{"startTime":677.91,"endTime":681.51,"body":"and she always feels this pull"},{"startTime":681.51,"endTime":685.68,"body":"to exercise her power as monarch"},{"startTime":685.68,"endTime":687.9,"body":"and doesn't want to give"},{"startTime":685.68,"endTime":687.9,"body":"it all over to Albert."},{"startTime":687.9,"endTime":690.6,"body":"On the other hand, increasingly"},{"startTime":687.9,"endTime":690.6,"body":"she's forced to recognize"},{"startTime":690.6,"endTime":693.15,"body":"that Albert has a much"},{"startTime":690.6,"endTime":693.15,"body":"better understanding"},{"startTime":693.15,"endTime":696.78,"body":"of ruling the country than she does."},{"startTime":696.78,"endTime":701.78,"body":"So this tension is certainly a major theme"},{"startTime":702.09,"endTime":703.86,"body":"in their marriage."},{"startTime":703.86,"endTime":708.003,"body":"And if we look at this"},{"startTime":703.86,"endTime":708.003,"body":"painting here, painted in 1846,"},{"startTime":709.71,"endTime":711.57,"body":"we can see some of the ways"},{"startTime":711.57,"endTime":715.71,"body":"in which the relationship"},{"startTime":711.57,"endTime":715.71,"body":"between the King,"},{"startTime":715.71,"endTime":717.39,"body":"sorry, creaky floor,"},{"startTime":717.39,"endTime":718.98,"body":"some ways between the relationship"},{"startTime":718.98,"endTime":723.81,"body":"between the Prince Consort"},{"startTime":718.98,"endTime":723.81,"body":"and the Queen is playing out."},{"startTime":723.81,"endTime":728.81,"body":"Winterhalter, the artist, was"},{"startTime":723.81,"endTime":728.81,"body":"an Austrian court painter,"},{"startTime":729.6,"endTime":733.44,"body":"and Victoria was introduced to him"},{"startTime":733.44,"endTime":736.233,"body":"by the Queen of the Belgians,"},{"startTime":737.85,"endTime":739.65,"body":"and he was terrifically popular"},{"startTime":739.65,"endTime":742.08,"body":"with all the courts of"},{"startTime":739.65,"endTime":742.08,"body":"Europe at this time."},{"startTime":742.08,"endTime":743.19,"body":"So he would come to England,"},{"startTime":743.19,"endTime":746.22,"body":"stay only a very few weeks in"},{"startTime":743.19,"endTime":746.22,"body":"the summer to make sketches,"},{"startTime":746.22,"endTime":749.55,"body":"and return with the completed"},{"startTime":746.22,"endTime":749.55,"body":"pictures the following year."},{"startTime":749.55,"endTime":754.223,"body":"So 1846, this is called"},{"startTime":749.55,"endTime":754.223,"body":"\"The Royal Family in 1846,\""},{"startTime":755.79,"endTime":760.79,"body":"and here you can see we"},{"startTime":755.79,"endTime":760.79,"body":"have Albert and Victoria,"},{"startTime":761.119,"endTime":764.64,"body":"both of them seated on court chairs,"},{"startTime":764.64,"endTime":768.363,"body":"both of them wearing their"},{"startTime":764.64,"endTime":768.363,"body":"Garter ribbons, here and here."},{"startTime":769.381,"endTime":772.14,"body":"Victoria's wearing her court dress"},{"startTime":772.14,"endTime":773.97,"body":"and Albert also is dressed for court"},{"startTime":773.97,"endTime":778.08,"body":"with the garter around his leg there."},{"startTime":778.08,"endTime":783.08,"body":"And it seems perhaps a little"},{"startTime":778.08,"endTime":783.08,"body":"bit stagey, this painting,"},{"startTime":784.05,"endTime":788.13,"body":"this sort of velvet curtain behind them."},{"startTime":788.13,"endTime":790.53,"body":"Also the fact that these"},{"startTime":788.13,"endTime":790.53,"body":"are their children."},{"startTime":790.53,"endTime":792.45,"body":"Of course, the children"},{"startTime":790.53,"endTime":792.45,"body":"didn't play like that"},{"startTime":792.45,"endTime":793.283,"body":"when it was at court."},{"startTime":793.283,"endTime":795.18,"body":"They weren't there at all."},{"startTime":795.18,"endTime":797.4,"body":"But the children here are playing"},{"startTime":797.4,"endTime":801.42,"body":"and they're not making eye"},{"startTime":797.4,"endTime":801.42,"body":"contact with the viewer."},{"startTime":801.42,"endTime":803.79,"body":"They're just playing with each other."},{"startTime":803.79,"endTime":806.733,"body":"So this is a court on show."},{"startTime":807.6,"endTime":811.41,"body":"This painting is meant"},{"startTime":807.6,"endTime":811.41,"body":"to project a picture"},{"startTime":811.41,"endTime":813.84,"body":"of the court being a sort of happy place"},{"startTime":813.84,"endTime":818.04,"body":"for the Prince and the Queen"},{"startTime":818.04,"endTime":822.693,"body":"and their children frolicking"},{"startTime":818.04,"endTime":822.693,"body":"around on the floor."},{"startTime":823.68,"endTime":828.68,"body":"But I think that if we"},{"startTime":823.68,"endTime":828.68,"body":"looked at it in another way,"},{"startTime":829.2,"endTime":831.453,"body":"it is also, if you like,"},{"startTime":833.131,"endTime":838.131,"body":"a diagram of the dynamics"},{"startTime":833.131,"endTime":838.131,"body":"of the royal marriage,"},{"startTime":838.14,"endTime":841.62,"body":"because Victoria is seated"},{"startTime":838.14,"endTime":841.62,"body":"where she certainly should be"},{"startTime":841.62,"endTime":844.527,"body":"as the most important person in the family"},{"startTime":844.527,"endTime":846.6,"body":"and in the country, head of state."},{"startTime":846.6,"endTime":850.023,"body":"She's seated on the right"},{"startTime":846.6,"endTime":850.023,"body":"of Prince Albert there,"},{"startTime":851.07,"endTime":853.2,"body":"and there are also,"},{"startTime":853.2,"endTime":855.54,"body":"you can see here that"},{"startTime":853.2,"endTime":855.54,"body":"they have their hands,"},{"startTime":855.54,"endTime":857.853,"body":"sort of their fingers"},{"startTime":855.54,"endTime":857.853,"body":"permanently entwined,"},{"startTime":858.842,"endTime":862.56,"body":"which indicates the"},{"startTime":858.842,"endTime":862.56,"body":"strength of the marriage."},{"startTime":862.56,"endTime":864.6,"body":"But on the other hand,"},{"startTime":864.6,"endTime":868.08,"body":"Victoria just sort of sits"},{"startTime":864.6,"endTime":868.08,"body":"looking nowhere in particular,"},{"startTime":868.08,"endTime":871.41,"body":"whereas Albert is much more"},{"startTime":868.08,"endTime":871.41,"body":"sort of upright and strong"},{"startTime":871.41,"endTime":872.76,"body":"and vigorous here,"},{"startTime":872.76,"endTime":876.3,"body":"and he is looking at"},{"startTime":872.76,"endTime":876.3,"body":"his eldest son and heir,"},{"startTime":876.3,"endTime":878.4,"body":"Prince of Wales, Bertie,"},{"startTime":878.4,"endTime":880.71,"body":"who's a major disappointment to Albert"},{"startTime":880.71,"endTime":882.213,"body":"because he wasn't like Albert."},{"startTime":883.17,"endTime":887.43,"body":"And so it's quite clear"},{"startTime":883.17,"endTime":887.43,"body":"that although Victoria"},{"startTime":887.43,"endTime":888.54,"body":"is the sort of, you know,"},{"startTime":888.54,"endTime":891.63,"body":"she's the ornamental part of the marriage,"},{"startTime":891.63,"endTime":896.013,"body":"it is Albert basically who is in charge."},{"startTime":898.14,"endTime":903.14,"body":"That picture is a diagram of"},{"startTime":898.14,"endTime":903.14,"body":"the sort of power structure"},{"startTime":903.84,"endTime":906.363,"body":"of the role marriage at this time."},{"startTime":911.37,"endTime":912.663,"body":"Moving on."},{"startTime":915.72,"endTime":917.1,"body":"Victoria and Albert, it's true,"},{"startTime":917.1,"endTime":920.07,"body":"they did have rows and they quarreled,"},{"startTime":920.07,"endTime":922.35,"body":"and Albert couldn't bear it,"},{"startTime":922.35,"endTime":924.63,"body":"'cause Victoria had a very bad temper,"},{"startTime":924.63,"endTime":927.09,"body":"and so she would shout at him"},{"startTime":927.09,"endTime":929.19,"body":"and then run through the palace,"},{"startTime":929.19,"endTime":931.08,"body":"slamming the doors behind her,"},{"startTime":931.08,"endTime":935.01,"body":"and Albert would sort of follow"},{"startTime":931.08,"endTime":935.01,"body":"rather sort of sheepishly"},{"startTime":935.01,"endTime":937.29,"body":"and then he would write her a little note"},{"startTime":937.29,"endTime":938.7,"body":"telling her that her behavior"},{"startTime":938.7,"endTime":941.593,"body":"was really unacceptable. (laughs)"},{"startTime":943.74,"endTime":946.29,"body":"But he wasn't going to engage with..."},{"startTime":946.29,"endTime":949.62,"body":"The doctors had told him that"},{"startTime":946.29,"endTime":949.62,"body":"he mustn't engage with it"},{"startTime":949.62,"endTime":951.723,"body":"or her temper would get even worse."},{"startTime":954.24,"endTime":958.05,"body":"So at same time, though,"},{"startTime":958.05,"endTime":959.88,"body":"we shouldn't see the royal marriage"},{"startTime":959.88,"endTime":962.19,"body":"as being entirely disastrous."},{"startTime":962.19,"endTime":963.99,"body":"They were very fond of each other"},{"startTime":963.99,"endTime":966.753,"body":"and they gave each other presents."},{"startTime":968.31,"endTime":971.4,"body":"So this painting, also by Winterhalter,"},{"startTime":971.4,"endTime":976.4,"body":"is a painting of sort of"},{"startTime":971.4,"endTime":976.4,"body":"a harem of beautiful women"},{"startTime":976.434,"endTime":978.81,"body":"without many clothes on,"},{"startTime":978.81,"endTime":981.18,"body":"and this was a picture"},{"startTime":978.81,"endTime":981.18,"body":"that Victoria bought"},{"startTime":981.18,"endTime":984.21,"body":"and gave us a present to Albert,"},{"startTime":984.21,"endTime":987.793,"body":"'cause she thought it"},{"startTime":984.21,"endTime":987.793,"body":"would amuse him, (laughs)"},{"startTime":990.3,"endTime":991.653,"body":"which, no doubt, it did."},{"startTime":992.58,"endTime":995.85,"body":"And then there is another famous painting"},{"startTime":995.85,"endTime":999.603,"body":"which Victoria gave Albert,"},{"startTime":995.85,"endTime":999.603,"body":"and that is this painting,"},{"startTime":1000.5,"endTime":1004.46,"body":"which is a painting sometimes known"},{"startTime":1004.46,"endTime":1006.59,"body":"as \"The Secret Painting,\""},{"startTime":1006.59,"endTime":1010.49,"body":"sometimes known as \"The Bedroom Painting,\""},{"startTime":1010.49,"endTime":1013.37,"body":"and the reason for those names"},{"startTime":1013.37,"endTime":1016.37,"body":"is that it was a private,"},{"startTime":1013.37,"endTime":1016.37,"body":"intimate painting."},{"startTime":1016.37,"endTime":1020.72,"body":"It was not a painting that"},{"startTime":1016.37,"endTime":1020.72,"body":"was hung in a public place,"},{"startTime":1020.72,"endTime":1023.22,"body":"you know, a place where"},{"startTime":1020.72,"endTime":1023.22,"body":"people went in the palace."},{"startTime":1024.2,"endTime":1026.0,"body":"Victoria commissioned his painting"},{"startTime":1026.0,"endTime":1027.98,"body":"for Albert's 24th birthday."},{"startTime":1027.98,"endTime":1030.129,"body":"They were so young, Victoria and Albert."},{"startTime":1030.129,"endTime":1031.4,"body":"We sort of forget."},{"startTime":1031.4,"endTime":1036.4,"body":"And so this is a painting of"},{"startTime":1031.4,"endTime":1036.4,"body":"Victoria when she's 24 also,"},{"startTime":1039.23,"endTime":1043.49,"body":"and Albert thought this"},{"startTime":1039.23,"endTime":1043.49,"body":"was his favorite painting."},{"startTime":1043.49,"endTime":1045.92,"body":"Of all the paintings he'd"},{"startTime":1043.49,"endTime":1045.92,"body":"seen of Queen Victoria,"},{"startTime":1045.92,"endTime":1047.453,"body":"he loved it the the most."},{"startTime":1049.1,"endTime":1052.16,"body":"Now, people have thought"},{"startTime":1049.1,"endTime":1052.16,"body":"that this was, you know,"},{"startTime":1052.16,"endTime":1055.19,"body":"an incredibly sort of erotic painting."},{"startTime":1055.19,"endTime":1056.42,"body":"Well, erotic is not quite the right word,"},{"startTime":1056.42,"endTime":1058.91,"body":"but you know what I mean, painting."},{"startTime":1058.91,"endTime":1060.35,"body":"Victoria has her hair down,"},{"startTime":1060.35,"endTime":1065.35,"body":"she's wearing a sort of nighty"},{"startTime":1060.35,"endTime":1065.35,"body":"or a very loose white dress,"},{"startTime":1065.57,"endTime":1069.143,"body":"and it's clearly not her"},{"startTime":1065.57,"endTime":1069.143,"body":"normal everyday image."},{"startTime":1070.1,"endTime":1072.56,"body":"But I think we need to"},{"startTime":1070.1,"endTime":1072.56,"body":"remember something here"},{"startTime":1072.56,"endTime":1075.23,"body":"that is not altogether apparent."},{"startTime":1075.23,"endTime":1078.14,"body":"You'll see that she has her"},{"startTime":1075.23,"endTime":1078.14,"body":"mouth sort of half open,"},{"startTime":1078.14,"endTime":1082.55,"body":"half parted, and you can see her teeth."},{"startTime":1082.55,"endTime":1084.53,"body":"Well, Victoria had rather large teeth"},{"startTime":1084.53,"endTime":1085.76,"body":"and whenever she was painted,"},{"startTime":1085.76,"endTime":1087.65,"body":"they'd sort of come in the paintings"},{"startTime":1087.65,"endTime":1091.25,"body":"and she's rebuked for"},{"startTime":1087.65,"endTime":1091.25,"body":"not shutting her mouth."},{"startTime":1091.25,"endTime":1092.083,"body":"Her sister writes,"},{"startTime":1092.083,"endTime":1094.01,"body":"tells her she already ought"},{"startTime":1092.083,"endTime":1094.01,"body":"to keep her mouth shut"},{"startTime":1094.01,"endTime":1096.02,"body":"while she's being painted."},{"startTime":1096.02,"endTime":1099.38,"body":"But the fact was that, the reason,"},{"startTime":1099.38,"endTime":1102.86,"body":"you know, up until very recently to this,"},{"startTime":1102.86,"endTime":1107.86,"body":"it had been the normal"},{"startTime":1102.86,"endTime":1107.86,"body":"practice that royal portraits,"},{"startTime":1108.68,"endTime":1111.44,"body":"always the sitter kept their mouth shut."},{"startTime":1111.44,"endTime":1115.64,"body":"You didn't smile for a"},{"startTime":1111.44,"endTime":1115.64,"body":"portrait if you were royal,"},{"startTime":1115.64,"endTime":1119.81,"body":"and there was a very good sort"},{"startTime":1115.64,"endTime":1119.81,"body":"of pragmatic reason for this,"},{"startTime":1119.81,"endTime":1122.36,"body":"which was that royal people,"},{"startTime":1122.36,"endTime":1124.31,"body":"like all other people at that time,"},{"startTime":1124.31,"endTime":1128.72,"body":"had very bad teeth, black teeth and gaps,"},{"startTime":1128.72,"endTime":1131.37,"body":"so you looked much nicer if"},{"startTime":1128.72,"endTime":1131.37,"body":"you kept your mouth shut."},{"startTime":1133.55,"endTime":1136.55,"body":"But there was a sort of"},{"startTime":1133.55,"endTime":1136.55,"body":"revolutionary in dentistry"},{"startTime":1136.55,"endTime":1139.88,"body":"beginning in Paris at the"},{"startTime":1136.55,"endTime":1139.88,"body":"end of the 18th century."},{"startTime":1139.88,"endTime":1143.75,"body":"Dentists began to be able to ensure"},{"startTime":1143.75,"endTime":1145.553,"body":"that people's teeth remained white,"},{"startTime":1146.45,"endTime":1149.99,"body":"and Victoria, we know"},{"startTime":1146.45,"endTime":1149.99,"body":"by looking at her diary,"},{"startTime":1149.99,"endTime":1152.84,"body":"actually visited her dentist"},{"startTime":1152.84,"endTime":1156.29,"body":"before she sat for this"},{"startTime":1152.84,"endTime":1156.29,"body":"painting by Winterhalter."},{"startTime":1156.29,"endTime":1160.7,"body":"So partly what this painting"},{"startTime":1156.29,"endTime":1160.7,"body":"is about is about teeth."},{"startTime":1160.7,"endTime":1164.36,"body":"And she's got, her mouth is half-parted,"},{"startTime":1164.36,"endTime":1165.53,"body":"not entirely because"},{"startTime":1165.53,"endTime":1168.11,"body":"of sort of complete adoration of Albert,"},{"startTime":1168.11,"endTime":1171.313,"body":"but partly 'cause she's"},{"startTime":1168.11,"endTime":1171.313,"body":"very proud of her teeth."},{"startTime":1171.313,"endTime":1174.313,"body":"(audience laughing)"},{"startTime":1176.77,"endTime":1178.94,"body":"So these sort of presents"},{"startTime":1178.94,"endTime":1181.4,"body":"that go between Albert and Victoria,"},{"startTime":1181.4,"endTime":1185.387,"body":"they also gave each other"},{"startTime":1181.4,"endTime":1185.387,"body":"quite a lot of sculpture,"},{"startTime":1187.88,"endTime":1190.07,"body":"which is at Osborne still today,"},{"startTime":1190.07,"endTime":1192.23,"body":"and which we would think was something"},{"startTime":1192.23,"endTime":1194.78,"body":"that Victorians would deeply disapprove of"},{"startTime":1194.78,"endTime":1195.95,"body":"and cover in fig leaves."},{"startTime":1195.95,"endTime":1198.62,"body":"But Albert and Victoria"},{"startTime":1195.95,"endTime":1198.62,"body":"were not like that."},{"startTime":1198.62,"endTime":1199.763,"body":"They were not prudish."},{"startTime":1202.1,"endTime":1207.1,"body":"So here we have another"},{"startTime":1202.1,"endTime":1207.1,"body":"painting by Winterhalter"},{"startTime":1208.91,"endTime":1211.193,"body":"painted in 1859."},{"startTime":1213.56,"endTime":1215.411,"body":"By this time,"},{"startTime":1215.411,"endTime":1217.94,"body":"it seems that the quarrels"},{"startTime":1215.411,"endTime":1217.94,"body":"in the royal marriage"},{"startTime":1217.94,"endTime":1220.1,"body":"are slightly improved"},{"startTime":1220.1,"endTime":1224.09,"body":"and that there has, some kind"},{"startTime":1220.1,"endTime":1224.09,"body":"of arrangement has been made"},{"startTime":1224.09,"endTime":1227.0,"body":"that Albert will be allowed"},{"startTime":1224.09,"endTime":1227.0,"body":"to do the office work,"},{"startTime":1227.0,"endTime":1228.23,"body":"do the paperwork,"},{"startTime":1228.23,"endTime":1233.213,"body":"and Victoria with her nine"},{"startTime":1228.23,"endTime":1233.213,"body":"children will try to recover."},{"startTime":1234.95,"endTime":1236.51,"body":"But here she is."},{"startTime":1236.51,"endTime":1238.19,"body":"This is a much more conventional painting"},{"startTime":1238.19,"endTime":1240.35,"body":"than the paintings that"},{"startTime":1238.19,"endTime":1240.35,"body":"we've been looking at before."},{"startTime":1240.35,"endTime":1245.35,"body":"Here is Victoria sitting,"},{"startTime":1240.35,"endTime":1245.35,"body":"wearing robes of state,"},{"startTime":1245.75,"endTime":1248.843,"body":"incredibly smart in robes"},{"startTime":1245.75,"endTime":1248.843,"body":"with sort of fur in them."},{"startTime":1249.77,"endTime":1251.54,"body":"And she's wearing a crown."},{"startTime":1251.54,"endTime":1253.25,"body":"She's got the Imperial State Crown"},{"startTime":1253.25,"endTime":1256.343,"body":"with the Maltese cross"},{"startTime":1253.25,"endTime":1256.343,"body":"on the table beside her."},{"startTime":1257.24,"endTime":1259.43,"body":"She's surrounded by these columns,"},{"startTime":1259.43,"endTime":1260.81,"body":"which always, you know, columns,"},{"startTime":1260.81,"endTime":1262.1,"body":"the bottom of columns imply"},{"startTime":1262.1,"endTime":1265.28,"body":"that you're at the beginning"},{"startTime":1262.1,"endTime":1265.28,"body":"of a long, strong life,"},{"startTime":1265.28,"endTime":1267.14,"body":"which Victoria certainly was,"},{"startTime":1267.14,"endTime":1269.93,"body":"and out of the window here,"},{"startTime":1269.93,"endTime":1273.728,"body":"you can see Big Ben, Westminster Hall."},{"startTime":1273.728,"endTime":1278.06,"body":"And the significance of that"},{"startTime":1273.728,"endTime":1278.06,"body":"is it implies a partnership"},{"startTime":1278.06,"endTime":1280.43,"body":"between the Monarch and Parliament."},{"startTime":1280.43,"endTime":1283.25,"body":"It implies a constitutional monarchy"},{"startTime":1283.25,"endTime":1287.54,"body":"that is working properly on both sides."},{"startTime":1287.54,"endTime":1291.5,"body":"And the Queen is holding some papers,"},{"startTime":1291.5,"endTime":1293.24,"body":"which are presumably political papers"},{"startTime":1293.24,"endTime":1294.503,"body":"relating to Parliament."},{"startTime":1296.12,"endTime":1300.65,"body":"So this 1859 Winterhalter painting"},{"startTime":1300.65,"endTime":1305.65,"body":"was intended to be the sort of"},{"startTime":1300.65,"endTime":1305.65,"body":"official image of the Queen,"},{"startTime":1305.81,"endTime":1310.49,"body":"and it was very much copied"},{"startTime":1305.81,"endTime":1310.49,"body":"by people making prints,"},{"startTime":1310.49,"endTime":1312.383,"body":"Victorian prints and etchings."},{"startTime":1313.24,"endTime":1317.18,"body":"It was frequently seen."},{"startTime":1317.18,"endTime":1321.26,"body":"And you get the impression"},{"startTime":1317.18,"endTime":1321.26,"body":"from that painting"},{"startTime":1321.26,"endTime":1326.26,"body":"that really everything is"},{"startTime":1321.26,"endTime":1326.26,"body":"in control and going well"},{"startTime":1326.93,"endTime":1331.16,"body":"and the Queen is on top of her job"},{"startTime":1331.16,"endTime":1334.61,"body":"and everything is all"},{"startTime":1331.16,"endTime":1334.61,"body":"right for the monarchy."},{"startTime":1334.61,"endTime":1339.143,"body":"But in fact, of course,"},{"startTime":1334.61,"endTime":1339.143,"body":"that was not at all true."},{"startTime":1341.09,"endTime":1346.09,"body":"And in 1861, Albert died suddenly"},{"startTime":1347.69,"endTime":1351.225,"body":"on the 14th of December, 1861 at Windsor"},{"startTime":1351.225,"endTime":1355.58,"body":"after a short illness, possibly typhoid,"},{"startTime":1355.58,"endTime":1357.893,"body":"which is what the doctors"},{"startTime":1355.58,"endTime":1357.893,"body":"at the time thought."},{"startTime":1359.15,"endTime":1364.15,"body":"Certainly more likely to have been,"},{"startTime":1364.25,"endTime":1366.92,"body":"either people think nowadays"},{"startTime":1364.25,"endTime":1366.92,"body":"either Crohn's disease"},{"startTime":1366.92,"endTime":1369.233,"body":"or possibly some kind of cancer."},{"startTime":1370.28,"endTime":1372.62,"body":"But anyway, Albert died very suddenly,"},{"startTime":1372.62,"endTime":1375.713,"body":"and Victoria was absolutely devastated."},{"startTime":1377.15,"endTime":1379.913,"body":"She sunk into deepest grief."},{"startTime":1382.94,"endTime":1385.94,"body":"You know, her people of in her household"},{"startTime":1385.94,"endTime":1390.263,"body":"worry about whether she's gone mad or not."},{"startTime":1391.31,"endTime":1396.23,"body":"She is refusing to do her job."},{"startTime":1396.23,"endTime":1398.84,"body":"She won't come out for"},{"startTime":1396.23,"endTime":1398.84,"body":"ceremonial occasions"},{"startTime":1398.84,"endTime":1400.25,"body":"like opening Parliament."},{"startTime":1400.25,"endTime":1403.64,"body":"In the second half of her"},{"startTime":1400.25,"endTime":1403.64,"body":"reign from 1861 to 1901,"},{"startTime":1403.64,"endTime":1407.24,"body":"she only opened Parliament seven times,"},{"startTime":1407.24,"endTime":1408.71,"body":"and this, as we know, was something"},{"startTime":1408.71,"endTime":1411.293,"body":"that the monarch was"},{"startTime":1408.71,"endTime":1411.293,"body":"supposed to do every year."},{"startTime":1412.58,"endTime":1415.32,"body":"She shuts up Buckingham Palace"},{"startTime":1416.48,"endTime":1419.69,"body":"and refuses to spend any time there,"},{"startTime":1419.69,"endTime":1423.23,"body":"more than about a day or a"},{"startTime":1419.69,"endTime":1423.23,"body":"night or two each each year,"},{"startTime":1423.23,"endTime":1427.67,"body":"and she establishes retreats to Windsor,"},{"startTime":1427.67,"endTime":1430.793,"body":"which becomes the sort"},{"startTime":1427.67,"endTime":1430.793,"body":"of center for the court."},{"startTime":1431.81,"endTime":1436.81,"body":"Some joker wrote a notice"},{"startTime":1437.15,"endTime":1439.617,"body":"which he posted outside"},{"startTime":1437.15,"endTime":1439.617,"body":"Buckingham Palace, saying,"},{"startTime":1439.617,"endTime":1444.38,"body":"\"This commanding premises for sale,"},{"startTime":1444.38,"endTime":1447.197,"body":"owing to the declining"},{"startTime":1444.38,"endTime":1447.197,"body":"business of the occupant.\""},{"startTime":1450.62,"endTime":1455.62,"body":"People felt that they were not"},{"startTime":1450.62,"endTime":1455.62,"body":"getting much value for money,"},{"startTime":1455.78,"endTime":1458.09,"body":"that the Queen was taking"},{"startTime":1455.78,"endTime":1458.09,"body":"money from the civil list"},{"startTime":1458.09,"endTime":1460.82,"body":"and hoarding it for herself"},{"startTime":1460.82,"endTime":1463.64,"body":"rather than spending it on the ceremonial"},{"startTime":1463.64,"endTime":1465.323,"body":"that was supposed to be her duty."},{"startTime":1466.31,"endTime":1469.13,"body":"And you know, the Prime Minister,"},{"startTime":1469.13,"endTime":1472.04,"body":"Gladstone at this time, 1871,"},{"startTime":1472.04,"endTime":1477.04,"body":"becomes incredibly sort of concerned"},{"startTime":1477.11,"endTime":1481.37,"body":"that the monarchy is going"},{"startTime":1477.11,"endTime":1481.37,"body":"to somehow not survive,"},{"startTime":1481.37,"endTime":1486.26,"body":"and he puts huge pressure on"},{"startTime":1481.37,"endTime":1486.26,"body":"the Queen to appear in public,"},{"startTime":1486.26,"endTime":1491.26,"body":"to be seen, even for the"},{"startTime":1486.26,"endTime":1491.26,"body":"shortest period of time,"},{"startTime":1491.627,"endTime":1494.63,"body":"and Victoria absolutely won't."},{"startTime":1494.63,"endTime":1497.6,"body":"There is even the beginning"},{"startTime":1494.63,"endTime":1497.6,"body":"of a republican movement,"},{"startTime":1497.6,"endTime":1499.19,"body":"which for Britain in 1870"},{"startTime":1499.19,"endTime":1503.09,"body":"was a very sort of unexpected development."},{"startTime":1503.09,"endTime":1506.15,"body":"In fact, the crisis of the monarchy"},{"startTime":1506.15,"endTime":1510.35,"body":"after Victoria's retreat"},{"startTime":1506.15,"endTime":1510.35,"body":"from public life in 1861,"},{"startTime":1510.35,"endTime":1514.31,"body":"which culminates in 1871"},{"startTime":1510.35,"endTime":1514.31,"body":"with the republican movement,"},{"startTime":1514.31,"endTime":1517.861,"body":"this is really as bad as"},{"startTime":1514.31,"endTime":1517.861,"body":"the abdication had been"},{"startTime":1517.861,"endTime":1520.853,"body":"or was to be, rather, in 1936."},{"startTime":1523.13,"endTime":1528.087,"body":"Now, once again, Victoria"},{"startTime":1523.13,"endTime":1528.087,"body":"does attempt to use images"},{"startTime":1531.89,"endTime":1536.21,"body":"to propose her point"},{"startTime":1531.89,"endTime":1536.21,"body":"of view to her people."},{"startTime":1536.21,"endTime":1541.21,"body":"So we have this image here."},{"startTime":1541.82,"endTime":1544.19,"body":"This is another painting by Landseer,"},{"startTime":1544.19,"endTime":1546.56,"body":"who, if you remember wrote that painting,"},{"startTime":1546.56,"endTime":1547.947,"body":"sorry, painted that painting,"},{"startTime":1547.947,"endTime":1550.187,"body":"\"Windsor Castle in Modern Times.\""},{"startTime":1551.36,"endTime":1553.4,"body":"The title of this painting"},{"startTime":1553.4,"endTime":1557.15,"body":"is \"Her Majesty at Osborne, 1866.\""},{"startTime":1557.15,"endTime":1559.193,"body":"This is five years after Albert's death,"},{"startTime":1560.453,"endTime":1565.453,"body":"and it is meant to convey the grief,"},{"startTime":1568.37,"endTime":1573.37,"body":"but also the dutifulness"},{"startTime":1568.37,"endTime":1573.37,"body":"of the widow Queen."},{"startTime":1574.1,"endTime":1576.503,"body":"So it's a study in mourning."},{"startTime":1577.58,"endTime":1582.57,"body":"Here we've got Queen"},{"startTime":1577.58,"endTime":1582.57,"body":"Victoria riding sidesaddle"},{"startTime":1583.7,"endTime":1587.113,"body":"on her black pony with her black habit."},{"startTime":1590.21,"endTime":1593.69,"body":"These are two of her"},{"startTime":1590.21,"endTime":1593.69,"body":"daughters, Helena and Beatrice,"},{"startTime":1593.69,"endTime":1595.85,"body":"the two youngest daughters,"},{"startTime":1595.85,"endTime":1600.02,"body":"princesses wearing"},{"startTime":1595.85,"endTime":1600.02,"body":"black round their necks,"},{"startTime":1600.02,"endTime":1601.853,"body":"black ribbons on their hats."},{"startTime":1603.08,"endTime":1604.97,"body":"And there's also a lot of..."},{"startTime":1604.97,"endTime":1608.15,"body":"Oh, yes, and sorry, the"},{"startTime":1604.97,"endTime":1608.15,"body":"man holding the horse"},{"startTime":1608.15,"endTime":1611.573,"body":"has black socks, black"},{"startTime":1608.15,"endTime":1611.573,"body":"kilt, black everything."},{"startTime":1612.71,"endTime":1614.66,"body":"And there's a lot of emphasis, too,"},{"startTime":1614.66,"endTime":1618.23,"body":"on the importance of obedience."},{"startTime":1618.23,"endTime":1623.23,"body":"This dog here sitting like"},{"startTime":1618.23,"endTime":1623.23,"body":"that, extremely obedient."},{"startTime":1623.39,"endTime":1625.31,"body":"Queen Victoria was a great dog lover."},{"startTime":1625.31,"endTime":1627.653,"body":"She usually liked having collies,"},{"startTime":1628.97,"endTime":1630.87,"body":"so the dogs have to be in the picture."},{"startTime":1631.82,"endTime":1636.53,"body":"And then these are her official,"},{"startTime":1631.82,"endTime":1636.53,"body":"you know, her documents,"},{"startTime":1636.53,"endTime":1637.91,"body":"her letters that she's been opening,"},{"startTime":1637.91,"endTime":1640.144,"body":"and I don't if you can see from here,"},{"startTime":1640.144,"endTime":1640.977,"body":"'cause this is very small,"},{"startTime":1640.977,"endTime":1645.977,"body":"but they're covered in"},{"startTime":1640.977,"endTime":1645.977,"body":"black edged, the envelopes,"},{"startTime":1646.01,"endTime":1648.68,"body":"which was, when you were in mourning"},{"startTime":1648.68,"endTime":1649.73,"body":"in the Victorian period,"},{"startTime":1649.73,"endTime":1652.31,"body":"you had to write letters"},{"startTime":1649.73,"endTime":1652.31,"body":"with black around the edges,"},{"startTime":1652.31,"endTime":1655.28,"body":"and Victoria goes on"},{"startTime":1652.31,"endTime":1655.28,"body":"writing black-edged letters"},{"startTime":1655.28,"endTime":1656.933,"body":"for years after Albert died."},{"startTime":1658.13,"endTime":1663.13,"body":"So this is a painting about"},{"startTime":1658.13,"endTime":1663.13,"body":"a woman who is incredibly,"},{"startTime":1666.74,"endTime":1671.003,"body":"you know, still deeply"},{"startTime":1666.74,"endTime":1671.003,"body":"grieving her dead husband,"},{"startTime":1671.93,"endTime":1676.34,"body":"but also trying to do what"},{"startTime":1671.93,"endTime":1676.34,"body":"she can for her people."},{"startTime":1676.34,"endTime":1681.34,"body":"So that you find, you know,"},{"startTime":1676.34,"endTime":1681.34,"body":"the letters, the red box there,"},{"startTime":1682.46,"endTime":1685.01,"body":"the gloves, which she'd"},{"startTime":1682.46,"endTime":1685.01,"body":"thrown on the floor"},{"startTime":1685.01,"endTime":1690.01,"body":"as a sort of also a part of"},{"startTime":1685.01,"endTime":1690.01,"body":"the iconography of power."},{"startTime":1690.26,"endTime":1694.85,"body":"And so despite herself, the"},{"startTime":1690.26,"endTime":1694.85,"body":"picture is supposed to say"},{"startTime":1694.85,"endTime":1699.11,"body":"the Queen is just working"},{"startTime":1694.85,"endTime":1699.11,"body":"away for her subjects,"},{"startTime":1699.11,"endTime":1702.8,"body":"even though she's totally"},{"startTime":1699.11,"endTime":1702.8,"body":"sort of devastated still"},{"startTime":1702.8,"endTime":1705.08,"body":"by the death of Prince Albert."},{"startTime":1705.08,"endTime":1708.14,"body":"And so we have the stormy"},{"startTime":1705.08,"endTime":1708.14,"body":"sky in the background"},{"startTime":1708.14,"endTime":1710.15,"body":"and the beginning of some sunlight,"},{"startTime":1710.15,"endTime":1711.05,"body":"perhaps at the beginning."},{"startTime":1711.05,"endTime":1713.03,"body":"There were two paintings of this,"},{"startTime":1713.03,"endTime":1715.97,"body":"one in this dark, stormy background,"},{"startTime":1715.97,"endTime":1719.363,"body":"and another with a much"},{"startTime":1715.97,"endTime":1719.363,"body":"lighter background."},{"startTime":1720.62,"endTime":1722.96,"body":"Now, I don't know what"},{"startTime":1720.62,"endTime":1722.96,"body":"you think about that"},{"startTime":1722.96,"endTime":1725.97,"body":"as a sort of message to your people."},{"startTime":1725.97,"endTime":1728.39,"body":"You might be a bit surprised"},{"startTime":1725.97,"endTime":1728.39,"body":"if that happened today,"},{"startTime":1728.39,"endTime":1730.58,"body":"that the royal family did that,"},{"startTime":1730.58,"endTime":1735.58,"body":"but it didn't produce the desired effect."},{"startTime":1736.73,"endTime":1741.14,"body":"A lot of people were very scornful of it."},{"startTime":1741.14,"endTime":1746.12,"body":"When the picture was hung in"},{"startTime":1741.14,"endTime":1746.12,"body":"the Royal Academy in 1866,"},{"startTime":1748.25,"endTime":1750.8,"body":"there was a great deal of criticism,"},{"startTime":1750.8,"endTime":1753.02,"body":"and the main point that was criticized"},{"startTime":1753.02,"endTime":1757.22,"body":"was not the painting of the"},{"startTime":1753.02,"endTime":1757.22,"body":"Queen or anything like that."},{"startTime":1757.22,"endTime":1762.22,"body":"It was the fact that the"},{"startTime":1757.22,"endTime":1762.22,"body":"Queen on her pony was being,"},{"startTime":1765.29,"endTime":1767.45,"body":"you know, the man who"},{"startTime":1765.29,"endTime":1767.45,"body":"was holding the reins,"},{"startTime":1767.45,"endTime":1769.91,"body":"presumably therefore in control,"},{"startTime":1769.91,"endTime":1773.15,"body":"was this very handsome Scot,"},{"startTime":1773.15,"endTime":1776.573,"body":"the Queen's highland servant, John Brown."},{"startTime":1777.86,"endTime":1780.531,"body":"And you can see that"},{"startTime":1777.86,"endTime":1780.531,"body":"he has got lovely legs."},{"startTime":1780.531,"endTime":1783.531,"body":"(audience laughing)"},{"startTime":1784.49,"endTime":1786.743,"body":"He was a very statuesque figure of a man."},{"startTime":1788.723,"endTime":1789.65,"body":"Can you get statuesque men?"},{"startTime":1789.65,"endTime":1790.7,"body":"I'm not sure, anyway."},{"startTime":1792.749,"endTime":1795.17,"body":"There was a great deal of gossip,"},{"startTime":1795.17,"endTime":1798.29,"body":"and there were articles in the newspapers"},{"startTime":1798.29,"endTime":1802.7,"body":"saying that really this was"},{"startTime":1798.29,"endTime":1802.7,"body":"completely inappropriate,"},{"startTime":1802.7,"endTime":1805.37,"body":"that the Queen should be"},{"startTime":1802.7,"endTime":1805.37,"body":"in such close proximity"},{"startTime":1805.37,"endTime":1807.169,"body":"to a servant,"},{"startTime":1807.169,"endTime":1810.41,"body":"and that it implied a relationship"},{"startTime":1810.41,"endTime":1814.16,"body":"that was entirely improper,"},{"startTime":1814.16,"endTime":1818.75,"body":"and was something that"},{"startTime":1814.16,"endTime":1818.75,"body":"should be condemned."},{"startTime":1818.75,"endTime":1820.4,"body":"So it doesn't really work."},{"startTime":1820.4,"endTime":1821.9,"body":"I mean, in a sense,"},{"startTime":1821.9,"endTime":1825.53,"body":"I think the fact that"},{"startTime":1821.9,"endTime":1825.53,"body":"Queen Victoria was prepared"},{"startTime":1825.53,"endTime":1830.53,"body":"to allow her servant John Brown"},{"startTime":1825.53,"endTime":1830.53,"body":"to be painted in that pose,"},{"startTime":1833.33,"endTime":1835.04,"body":"you know, if there'd really"},{"startTime":1833.33,"endTime":1835.04,"body":"been something going on"},{"startTime":1835.04,"endTime":1836.21,"body":"with this relationship,"},{"startTime":1836.21,"endTime":1840.2,"body":"she surely wouldn't have put"},{"startTime":1836.21,"endTime":1840.2,"body":"out this picture to her people."},{"startTime":1840.2,"endTime":1842.42,"body":"It would have been a secret."},{"startTime":1842.42,"endTime":1847.42,"body":"But she was too naive to see"},{"startTime":1842.42,"endTime":1847.42,"body":"how it might be interpreted,"},{"startTime":1848.84,"endTime":1852.8,"body":"and she allowed this"},{"startTime":1848.84,"endTime":1852.8,"body":"marvelous study of John Brown"},{"startTime":1852.8,"endTime":1854.51,"body":"to dominate the picture,"},{"startTime":1854.51,"endTime":1857.12,"body":"with just, you know, him holding the reins"},{"startTime":1857.12,"endTime":1860.093,"body":"and her just reading the"},{"startTime":1857.12,"endTime":1860.093,"body":"letters on the horse."},{"startTime":1861.2,"endTime":1865.67,"body":"So this painting is not a great success"},{"startTime":1865.67,"endTime":1867.62,"body":"in doing what Victoria is trying to do,"},{"startTime":1867.62,"endTime":1869.933,"body":"which was to project an image of power."},{"startTime":1870.83,"endTime":1872.21,"body":"It really projects,"},{"startTime":1872.21,"endTime":1875.06,"body":"the person whose power"},{"startTime":1872.21,"endTime":1875.06,"body":"emerges from this painting"},{"startTime":1875.06,"endTime":1877.793,"body":"is actually John Brown, not the Queen."},{"startTime":1880.61,"endTime":1882.21,"body":"However, for Victoria,"},{"startTime":1882.21,"endTime":1885.17,"body":"there was now a new way"},{"startTime":1882.21,"endTime":1885.17,"body":"of going about things."},{"startTime":1885.17,"endTime":1886.25,"body":"This painting here,"},{"startTime":1886.25,"endTime":1891.23,"body":"sorry, this is a"},{"startTime":1886.25,"endTime":1891.23,"body":"photograph here by Downey,"},{"startTime":1891.23,"endTime":1892.403,"body":"the royal photographer,"},{"startTime":1893.6,"endTime":1898.6,"body":"and it's interesting because it's a study."},{"startTime":1899.63,"endTime":1903.83,"body":"Instead of doing a sketch of"},{"startTime":1899.63,"endTime":1903.83,"body":"Queen Victoria on her horse,"},{"startTime":1903.83,"endTime":1907.88,"body":"the painting we've just"},{"startTime":1903.83,"endTime":1907.88,"body":"looked at at Osborne in 1866"},{"startTime":1907.88,"endTime":1908.93,"body":"in the Isle of Wight,"},{"startTime":1910.01,"endTime":1913.518,"body":"what we have here is a painting,"},{"startTime":1913.518,"endTime":1915.503,"body":"sorry, a photograph being used."},{"startTime":1916.55,"endTime":1919.37,"body":"And here, and this gives us also a sense,"},{"startTime":1919.37,"endTime":1921.11,"body":"this is John Brown."},{"startTime":1921.11,"endTime":1922.94,"body":"This is one of the princesses."},{"startTime":1922.94,"endTime":1925.49,"body":"This is one of the dogs from the painting."},{"startTime":1925.49,"endTime":1927.41,"body":"And we perhaps get a bit of a sense"},{"startTime":1927.41,"endTime":1931.147,"body":"that one of the reasons"},{"startTime":1927.41,"endTime":1931.147,"body":"why Victoria was so anxious"},{"startTime":1934.19,"endTime":1935.7,"body":"about appearing in public"},{"startTime":1936.573,"endTime":1938.72,"body":"might have been that"},{"startTime":1936.573,"endTime":1938.72,"body":"she had actually put on"},{"startTime":1938.72,"endTime":1942.413,"body":"an enormous amount of weight,"},{"startTime":1938.72,"endTime":1942.413,"body":"something like three stone,"},{"startTime":1943.25,"endTime":1945.8,"body":"and as she was only four foot 11,"},{"startTime":1945.8,"endTime":1948.35,"body":"she did look much stouter"},{"startTime":1945.8,"endTime":1948.35,"body":"than she had before."},{"startTime":1948.35,"endTime":1949.79,"body":"And of course, if you're"},{"startTime":1948.35,"endTime":1949.79,"body":"painting a painting,"},{"startTime":1949.79,"endTime":1952.28,"body":"you can not show that."},{"startTime":1952.28,"endTime":1956.333,"body":"I mean, the painting is much"},{"startTime":1952.28,"endTime":1956.333,"body":"more (laughs) flattering."},{"startTime":1958.88,"endTime":1963.47,"body":"But one thing, though,"},{"startTime":1958.88,"endTime":1963.47,"body":"that Victoria realizes now"},{"startTime":1963.47,"endTime":1965.177,"body":"is that a much better way"},{"startTime":1965.177,"endTime":1967.07,"body":"and a much more sort of immediate way"},{"startTime":1967.07,"endTime":1971.15,"body":"of controlling images of power"},{"startTime":1971.15,"endTime":1976.15,"body":"is by using photography"},{"startTime":1971.15,"endTime":1976.15,"body":"rather than oil paintings."},{"startTime":1976.4,"endTime":1978.05,"body":"Oil paintings take an awful long time"},{"startTime":1978.05,"endTime":1979.79,"body":"to get into people's consciousness."},{"startTime":1979.79,"endTime":1980.69,"body":"You've got to be..."},{"startTime":1980.69,"endTime":1984.47,"body":"You know, they've got to become prints,"},{"startTime":1984.47,"endTime":1987.11,"body":"which are then bought, and"},{"startTime":1984.47,"endTime":1987.11,"body":"they are still expensive."},{"startTime":1987.11,"endTime":1990.11,"body":"But photographs are a much better way"},{"startTime":1990.11,"endTime":1992.6,"body":"of projecting an image,"},{"startTime":1992.6,"endTime":1994.29,"body":"and in the Victorian period"},{"startTime":1995.18,"endTime":1998.72,"body":"when photography begins"},{"startTime":1995.18,"endTime":1998.72,"body":"in about the 1860s,"},{"startTime":1998.72,"endTime":2001.57,"body":"there is something"},{"startTime":1998.72,"endTime":2001.57,"body":"called the carte visite,"},{"startTime":2001.57,"endTime":2004.18,"body":"which is a sort of postcard-sized image"},{"startTime":2004.18,"endTime":2008.17,"body":"with sort of round corners"},{"startTime":2004.18,"endTime":2008.17,"body":"with a photograph on."},{"startTime":2008.17,"endTime":2010.513,"body":"And these cartes visites,"},{"startTime":2011.367,"endTime":2013.66,"body":"you could buy them at a corner shop."},{"startTime":2013.66,"endTime":2014.89,"body":"They weren't very expensive."},{"startTime":2014.89,"endTime":2016.51,"body":"It meant that you had a sort of set"},{"startTime":2016.51,"endTime":2018.67,"body":"and you knew what the person looked like,"},{"startTime":2018.67,"endTime":2019.84,"body":"the Queen looked like."},{"startTime":2019.84,"endTime":2022.33,"body":"And figures about cartes visites"},{"startTime":2022.33,"endTime":2026.02,"body":"show that Queen Victoria's images"},{"startTime":2026.02,"endTime":2028.33,"body":"were by far the most popular,"},{"startTime":2028.33,"endTime":2031.18,"body":"followed by her daughter-in-law,"},{"startTime":2028.33,"endTime":2031.18,"body":"Princess Alexandra."},{"startTime":2031.18,"endTime":2033.52,"body":"So there is a sense in which, you know,"},{"startTime":2033.52,"endTime":2037.483,"body":"there's the beginnings of a"},{"startTime":2033.52,"endTime":2037.483,"body":"communication in this way,"},{"startTime":2039.37,"endTime":2044.17,"body":"and Victoria could,"},{"startTime":2039.37,"endTime":2044.17,"body":"again, control the story."},{"startTime":2044.17,"endTime":2049.17,"body":"So for example, this"},{"startTime":2044.17,"endTime":2049.17,"body":"is Victoria and Albert,"},{"startTime":2050.02,"endTime":2052.45,"body":"a photograph taken just months actually"},{"startTime":2052.45,"endTime":2054.433,"body":"before Albert died in 1861."},{"startTime":2055.75,"endTime":2060.49,"body":"And again, it's trying to"},{"startTime":2055.75,"endTime":2060.49,"body":"sort of use the iconography"},{"startTime":2060.49,"endTime":2062.23,"body":"of a painting"},{"startTime":2062.23,"endTime":2064.557,"body":"with this sort of column here,"},{"startTime":2064.557,"endTime":2068.443,"body":"and the royal couple, Victoria"},{"startTime":2064.557,"endTime":2068.443,"body":"looking rather annoyed."},{"startTime":2069.689,"endTime":2073.03,"body":"I think people, particularly Victoria,"},{"startTime":2073.03,"endTime":2075.97,"body":"looked annoyed in these"},{"startTime":2073.03,"endTime":2075.97,"body":"paintings, these photographs,"},{"startTime":2075.97,"endTime":2078.34,"body":"partly because they had to stand"},{"startTime":2078.34,"endTime":2080.083,"body":"in the same pose for so long."},{"startTime":2081.13,"endTime":2084.64,"body":"So I mean, if we're going to"},{"startTime":2081.13,"endTime":2084.64,"body":"hold a smile for 10 minutes,"},{"startTime":2084.64,"endTime":2087.85,"body":"it's going to end up as a sort of grimace."},{"startTime":2087.85,"endTime":2092.85,"body":"And Victoria particularly"},{"startTime":2087.85,"endTime":2092.85,"body":"didn't like being photographed,"},{"startTime":2093.01,"endTime":2095.26,"body":"as you can tell from"},{"startTime":2093.01,"endTime":2095.26,"body":"that photograph perhaps."},{"startTime":2098.71,"endTime":2100.3,"body":"But this is now the sort of thing"},{"startTime":2100.3,"endTime":2103.753,"body":"that Victoria is able"},{"startTime":2100.3,"endTime":2103.753,"body":"to do with photographs."},{"startTime":2105.4,"endTime":2108.85,"body":"This is a wedding photograph,"},{"startTime":2108.85,"endTime":2111.25,"body":"and the people who are"},{"startTime":2108.85,"endTime":2111.25,"body":"getting married are here,"},{"startTime":2111.25,"endTime":2116.25,"body":"Princess Alexandra of Denmark"},{"startTime":2111.25,"endTime":2116.25,"body":"and Bertie, Prince of Wales,"},{"startTime":2117.43,"endTime":2119.29,"body":"Victoria's eldest,"},{"startTime":2119.29,"endTime":2123.04,"body":"and disgraceful, as"},{"startTime":2119.29,"endTime":2123.04,"body":"she thought, elder son."},{"startTime":2123.04,"endTime":2127.75,"body":"So they're getting"},{"startTime":2123.04,"endTime":2127.75,"body":"married and this is 1863."},{"startTime":2127.75,"endTime":2129.7,"body":"Victoria has been a widow for two years,"},{"startTime":2129.7,"endTime":2133.66,"body":"but she still thinks it's"},{"startTime":2129.7,"endTime":2133.66,"body":"far too early to be happy."},{"startTime":2133.66,"endTime":2137.32,"body":"So all the wedding photographs"},{"startTime":2133.66,"endTime":2137.32,"body":"are taken in front of,"},{"startTime":2137.32,"endTime":2139.693,"body":"with the grieving widow"},{"startTime":2137.32,"endTime":2139.693,"body":"Victoria in the middle,"},{"startTime":2140.74,"endTime":2145.15,"body":"paying absolutely no attention"},{"startTime":2140.74,"endTime":2145.15,"body":"to the married couple,"},{"startTime":2145.15,"endTime":2150.15,"body":"but in a sort of completely"},{"startTime":2145.15,"endTime":2150.15,"body":"adoring sort of connection"},{"startTime":2157.9,"endTime":2160.63,"body":"with this bust of Prince Albert."},{"startTime":2160.63,"endTime":2161.95,"body":"That's Prince Albert there."},{"startTime":2161.95,"endTime":2165.61,"body":"And so the idea is that, by"},{"startTime":2161.95,"endTime":2165.61,"body":"far, the most important person"},{"startTime":2165.61,"endTime":2168.16,"body":"and the person who we should"},{"startTime":2165.61,"endTime":2168.16,"body":"really care about here"},{"startTime":2168.16,"endTime":2168.993,"body":"is the Queen,"},{"startTime":2168.993,"endTime":2172.24,"body":"and the Queen cares about Albert,"},{"startTime":2172.24,"endTime":2173.62,"body":"who dominates the painting."},{"startTime":2173.62,"endTime":2174.76,"body":"And these in the photograph,"},{"startTime":2174.76,"endTime":2179.32,"body":"and these two, Alexandra and Bertie"},{"startTime":2179.32,"endTime":2180.153,"body":"really don't matter at all."},{"startTime":2180.153,"endTime":2183.07,"body":"They're not, (laughs) even"},{"startTime":2180.153,"endTime":2183.07,"body":"though it is their wedding."},{"startTime":2183.07,"endTime":2187.9,"body":"So Victoria allows her"},{"startTime":2183.07,"endTime":2187.9,"body":"grief to become a tool,"},{"startTime":2187.9,"endTime":2190.76,"body":"which means that she"},{"startTime":2187.9,"endTime":2190.76,"body":"basically steals the show"},{"startTime":2192.7,"endTime":2193.753,"body":"from her children."},{"startTime":2195.55,"endTime":2199.84,"body":"So that photography then is important."},{"startTime":2199.84,"endTime":2203.2,"body":"Now, the other thing that"},{"startTime":2199.84,"endTime":2203.2,"body":"is happening at this time"},{"startTime":2203.2,"endTime":2206.81,"body":"in the second half of"},{"startTime":2203.2,"endTime":2206.81,"body":"Victoria's reign after 1861"},{"startTime":2207.97,"endTime":2209.68,"body":"is that the power,"},{"startTime":2209.68,"endTime":2213.403,"body":"the political power of"},{"startTime":2209.68,"endTime":2213.403,"body":"the monarchy is declining,"},{"startTime":2214.344,"endTime":2218.59,"body":"and this is largely because of things"},{"startTime":2218.59,"endTime":2222.43,"body":"which are totally outside"},{"startTime":2218.59,"endTime":2222.43,"body":"Victoria's control."},{"startTime":2222.43,"endTime":2224.92,"body":"Basically the growth of the electorate,"},{"startTime":2224.92,"endTime":2229.772,"body":"the two, the reform acts of 1867 and 1884,"},{"startTime":2229.772,"endTime":2234.47,"body":"which mean that many, many"},{"startTime":2229.772,"endTime":2234.47,"body":"more people are given the vote"},{"startTime":2235.42,"endTime":2239.59,"body":"and that governments are now appointed,"},{"startTime":2239.59,"endTime":2243.61,"body":"elected by the people,"},{"startTime":2243.61,"endTime":2244.78,"body":"and perhaps you could say"},{"startTime":2244.78,"endTime":2246.67,"body":"they're also appointed by Parliament,"},{"startTime":2246.67,"endTime":2249.82,"body":"but they certainly are not"},{"startTime":2246.67,"endTime":2249.82,"body":"appointed by the monarch."},{"startTime":2249.82,"endTime":2251.17,"body":"At the beginning of her reign,"},{"startTime":2251.17,"endTime":2253.24,"body":"Victoria had thought she could influence"},{"startTime":2253.24,"endTime":2254.75,"body":"the appointments of governments"},{"startTime":2254.75,"endTime":2257.59,"body":"when she tried to keep out Robert Peel"},{"startTime":2257.59,"endTime":2259.84,"body":"in the Bedchamber Crisis."},{"startTime":2259.84,"endTime":2264.34,"body":"But by the sort of"},{"startTime":2259.84,"endTime":2264.34,"body":"second half of the reign,"},{"startTime":2264.34,"endTime":2265.69,"body":"it's quite clear that the monarchy"},{"startTime":2265.69,"endTime":2270.69,"body":"is just a formality without"},{"startTime":2265.69,"endTime":2270.69,"body":"real political pull."},{"startTime":2272.86,"endTime":2274.42,"body":"But what is interesting"},{"startTime":2274.42,"endTime":2278.71,"body":"is that Victoria develops"},{"startTime":2274.42,"endTime":2278.71,"body":"new spheres of influence,"},{"startTime":2278.71,"endTime":2280.783,"body":"new types of power,"},{"startTime":2281.65,"endTime":2286.65,"body":"and one of these is the Empire,"},{"startTime":2287.62,"endTime":2288.793,"body":"and particularly India."},{"startTime":2290.86,"endTime":2294.64,"body":"Victoria had a very"},{"startTime":2290.86,"endTime":2294.64,"body":"strong affinity for India."},{"startTime":2294.64,"endTime":2297.43,"body":"She loved Indian people,"},{"startTime":2297.43,"endTime":2302.43,"body":"and she, in exchange, was"},{"startTime":2297.43,"endTime":2302.43,"body":"much loved by the Indians."},{"startTime":2303.85,"endTime":2308.85,"body":"Now, partly, I regret to say,"},{"startTime":2303.85,"endTime":2308.85,"body":"Victoria's love for India was,"},{"startTime":2311.26,"endTime":2312.703,"body":"you might call it plunder."},{"startTime":2315.19,"endTime":2318.55,"body":"I don't know if anybody knows"},{"startTime":2315.19,"endTime":2318.55,"body":"what Victoria is wearing here."},{"startTime":2318.55,"endTime":2322.48,"body":"She's wearing such a magnificent diamond"},{"startTime":2322.48,"endTime":2325.84,"body":"that she doesn't need to wear"},{"startTime":2322.48,"endTime":2325.84,"body":"hardly any other jewelry."},{"startTime":2325.84,"endTime":2329.38,"body":"You know, this is the Koh-i-Noor,"},{"startTime":2329.38,"endTime":2331.96,"body":"and this is a painting by Winterhalter,"},{"startTime":2331.96,"endTime":2334.09,"body":"again doing his duty,"},{"startTime":2334.09,"endTime":2338.443,"body":"a painting of the Koh-i-Noor made in 1856,"},{"startTime":2339.4,"endTime":2342.1,"body":"just after the Indian Mutiny, actually."},{"startTime":2342.1,"endTime":2345.59,"body":"And here is the Queen"},{"startTime":2347.02,"endTime":2352.02,"body":"defiantly wearing this amazing jewel."},{"startTime":2352.09,"endTime":2354.28,"body":"Victoria on the whole was"},{"startTime":2352.09,"endTime":2354.28,"body":"not particularly greedy"},{"startTime":2354.28,"endTime":2356.86,"body":"about plunder from her colonies,"},{"startTime":2356.86,"endTime":2359.47,"body":"but the Koh-i-Noor was an exception."},{"startTime":2359.47,"endTime":2362.95,"body":"Victoria really wanted the Koh-i-Noor"},{"startTime":2362.95,"endTime":2364.57,"body":"to be presented to her."},{"startTime":2364.57,"endTime":2367.983,"body":"It was taken from the Punjab"},{"startTime":2371.02,"endTime":2373.453,"body":"at the time the Sikh Wars in 1850,"},{"startTime":2374.32,"endTime":2375.88,"body":"and it was presented to Victoria,"},{"startTime":2375.88,"endTime":2379.3,"body":"who allowed it to appear at"},{"startTime":2375.88,"endTime":2379.3,"body":"the Great Exhibition in 1851,"},{"startTime":2379.3,"endTime":2384.3,"body":"but otherwise it remained"},{"startTime":2379.3,"endTime":2384.3,"body":"in Victoria's crown jewels."},{"startTime":2386.53,"endTime":2391.53,"body":"And Victoria here is"},{"startTime":2386.53,"endTime":2391.53,"body":"the sort of the flagship"},{"startTime":2391.87,"endTime":2396.87,"body":"for, at that time, the"},{"startTime":2391.87,"endTime":2396.87,"body":"biggest diamond in the world."},{"startTime":2400.63,"endTime":2405.613,"body":"But I think that there"},{"startTime":2400.63,"endTime":2405.613,"body":"was a much more sort of,"},{"startTime":2407.473,"endTime":2409.57,"body":"well, extraordinary relationship, really,"},{"startTime":2409.57,"endTime":2414.283,"body":"going on between Victoria"},{"startTime":2409.57,"endTime":2414.283,"body":"and her Indian empire."},{"startTime":2416.02,"endTime":2418.99,"body":"Victoria never went to India,"},{"startTime":2418.99,"endTime":2422.41,"body":"and I don't think we can"},{"startTime":2418.99,"endTime":2422.41,"body":"criticize her there for that."},{"startTime":2422.41,"endTime":2424.18,"body":"It would have been unthinkable"},{"startTime":2422.41,"endTime":2424.18,"body":"at that time, really,"},{"startTime":2424.18,"endTime":2427.303,"body":"for a female monarch, I"},{"startTime":2424.18,"endTime":2427.303,"body":"think, to go to India."},{"startTime":2428.29,"endTime":2431.29,"body":"But though she never went there,"},{"startTime":2431.29,"endTime":2435.04,"body":"she was in a sense"},{"startTime":2431.29,"endTime":2435.04,"body":"everywhere, all over India."},{"startTime":2435.04,"endTime":2437.32,"body":"The Indians were made"},{"startTime":2435.04,"endTime":2437.32,"body":"to be, by the British,"},{"startTime":2437.32,"endTime":2439.303,"body":"extremely conscious of Victoria."},{"startTime":2440.17,"endTime":2444.19,"body":"So, you know, she was on the"},{"startTime":2440.17,"endTime":2444.19,"body":"stamps, she was on the coins,"},{"startTime":2444.19,"endTime":2449.12,"body":"and India was covered, covered"},{"startTime":2444.19,"endTime":2449.12,"body":"in statues of Queen Victoria."},{"startTime":2451.18,"endTime":2454.12,"body":"So she was very much a sort"},{"startTime":2451.18,"endTime":2454.12,"body":"of presence to the Indians,"},{"startTime":2454.12,"endTime":2459.12,"body":"even though she didn't really know"},{"startTime":2460.54,"endTime":2462.133,"body":"what India was really like,"},{"startTime":2463.27,"endTime":2467.487,"body":"and she was known as the"},{"startTime":2463.27,"endTime":2467.487,"body":"Mother of the Indians."},{"startTime":2467.487,"endTime":2470.68,"body":"It's a very sort of emotional relationship"},{"startTime":2470.68,"endTime":2475.68,"body":"between the Indian people"},{"startTime":2470.68,"endTime":2475.68,"body":"and the absent Queen."},{"startTime":2476.95,"endTime":2481.95,"body":"And India also gave"},{"startTime":2476.95,"endTime":2481.95,"body":"Victoria the opportunity"},{"startTime":2482.11,"endTime":2486.25,"body":"to give herself a sort"},{"startTime":2482.11,"endTime":2486.25,"body":"of, you know, a pay rise,"},{"startTime":2486.25,"endTime":2488.683,"body":"and make herself an Empress,"},{"startTime":2489.7,"endTime":2494.7,"body":"because in 1876, Victoria"},{"startTime":2489.7,"endTime":2494.7,"body":"persuaded her Prime Minister,"},{"startTime":2496.03,"endTime":2499.06,"body":"Disraeli, of whom she was very fond,"},{"startTime":2499.06,"endTime":2500.51,"body":"because he did what she said,"},{"startTime":2503.02,"endTime":2507.28,"body":"she persuaded Disraeli"},{"startTime":2503.02,"endTime":2507.28,"body":"to agree to her proposal"},{"startTime":2507.28,"endTime":2510.433,"body":"that she should be made Empress of India,"},{"startTime":2511.51,"endTime":2513.34,"body":"rather than just Queen."},{"startTime":2513.34,"endTime":2517.06,"body":"And of course, there were some"},{"startTime":2513.34,"endTime":2517.06,"body":"reasons quite close to home"},{"startTime":2517.06,"endTime":2518.41,"body":"why she wanted to do that."},{"startTime":2518.41,"endTime":2521.17,"body":"Her daughter, Vicky, who"},{"startTime":2518.41,"endTime":2521.17,"body":"we saw as a small child,"},{"startTime":2521.17,"endTime":2522.04,"body":"right at the beginning,"},{"startTime":2522.04,"endTime":2527.04,"body":"Vicki was married to the"},{"startTime":2522.04,"endTime":2527.04,"body":"heir to the German throne,"},{"startTime":2527.139,"endTime":2528.85,"body":"heir to the German Empire,"},{"startTime":2528.85,"endTime":2533.29,"body":"so it would really not do"},{"startTime":2528.85,"endTime":2533.29,"body":"if Vicki became an empress"},{"startTime":2533.29,"endTime":2536.11,"body":"and was allowed to go through"},{"startTime":2533.29,"endTime":2536.11,"body":"doors in front of her mother."},{"startTime":2536.11,"endTime":2538.42,"body":"That would be completely unacceptable."},{"startTime":2538.42,"endTime":2540.223,"body":"Victoria had to be an empress, too."},{"startTime":2542.17,"endTime":2547.17,"body":"And so Victoria from now on"},{"startTime":2542.17,"endTime":2547.17,"body":"signs herself Victoria R et I,"},{"startTime":2550.45,"endTime":2554.113,"body":"Victoria Regina et Imperatrix."},{"startTime":2556.45,"endTime":2558.613,"body":"And it meant, I think,"},{"startTime":2556.45,"endTime":2558.613,"body":"an awful lot to her."},{"startTime":2563.26,"endTime":2567.143,"body":"Now, Victoria did have"},{"startTime":2563.26,"endTime":2567.143,"body":"some Indian servants."},{"startTime":2570.88,"endTime":2572.98,"body":"In fact, Victoria's most sort of difficult"},{"startTime":2572.98,"endTime":2575.56,"body":"and controversial and"},{"startTime":2572.98,"endTime":2575.56,"body":"unpopular relationships"},{"startTime":2575.56,"endTime":2578.62,"body":"are the relationships that"},{"startTime":2575.56,"endTime":2578.62,"body":"she had with her servants,"},{"startTime":2578.62,"endTime":2581.92,"body":"either with John Brown, who"},{"startTime":2578.62,"endTime":2581.92,"body":"we saw a little bit ago,"},{"startTime":2581.92,"endTime":2586.92,"body":"or now with this gentleman here,"},{"startTime":2587.98,"endTime":2592.36,"body":"Abdul Karim, known to"},{"startTime":2587.98,"endTime":2592.36,"body":"others as the Munshi."},{"startTime":2592.36,"endTime":2597.19,"body":"Abdul Karim was the"},{"startTime":2592.36,"endTime":2597.19,"body":"Queen's Indian Secretary,"},{"startTime":2597.19,"endTime":2598.27,"body":"Indian servant."},{"startTime":2598.27,"endTime":2600.13,"body":"He taught her how to cook curries."},{"startTime":2600.13,"endTime":2602.623,"body":"She became very fond of,"},{"startTime":2600.13,"endTime":2602.623,"body":"very partial to curry."},{"startTime":2604.15,"endTime":2607.69,"body":"And he also taught her how"},{"startTime":2604.15,"endTime":2607.69,"body":"to speak and write Urdu"},{"startTime":2607.69,"endTime":2610.03,"body":"so that she could"},{"startTime":2607.69,"endTime":2610.03,"body":"communicate and understand"},{"startTime":2610.03,"endTime":2611.803,"body":"the language of her Indian people."},{"startTime":2613.06,"endTime":2616.81,"body":"He was treated very badly"},{"startTime":2613.06,"endTime":2616.81,"body":"by the royal household,"},{"startTime":2616.81,"endTime":2619.42,"body":"who thought that he was a sort of imposter"},{"startTime":2619.42,"endTime":2622.6,"body":"and pretended that he was much"},{"startTime":2619.42,"endTime":2622.6,"body":"grander than he was in India,"},{"startTime":2622.6,"endTime":2627.6,"body":"and also disliked the fact"},{"startTime":2627.64,"endTime":2630.34,"body":"that they couldn't get access to the Queen"},{"startTime":2630.34,"endTime":2632.14,"body":"because the Munshi was her favorite."},{"startTime":2633.01,"endTime":2636.43,"body":"But here what's happening"},{"startTime":2633.01,"endTime":2636.43,"body":"is that Abdul Karim"},{"startTime":2636.43,"endTime":2638.77,"body":"is sort of getting his own back."},{"startTime":2638.77,"endTime":2643.77,"body":"This is a photograph that was"},{"startTime":2638.77,"endTime":2643.77,"body":"commissioned by Abdul Karim"},{"startTime":2644.32,"endTime":2647.563,"body":"at the time of the"},{"startTime":2644.32,"endTime":2647.563,"body":"Diamond Jubilee in 1897,"},{"startTime":2649.21,"endTime":2651.955,"body":"and he set this photograph up,"},{"startTime":2651.955,"endTime":2654.85,"body":"and then it was in a couple of newspapers,"},{"startTime":2654.85,"endTime":2657.97,"body":"and then when the royal household"},{"startTime":2657.97,"endTime":2659.47,"body":"realized what had happened,"},{"startTime":2659.47,"endTime":2663.07,"body":"that this photograph had been published,"},{"startTime":2663.07,"endTime":2665.533,"body":"it is pulled, and there's"},{"startTime":2663.07,"endTime":2665.533,"body":"a major row about it."},{"startTime":2666.37,"endTime":2667.24,"body":"Why?"},{"startTime":2667.24,"endTime":2670.81,"body":"Well, the reason is that this photograph"},{"startTime":2670.81,"endTime":2672.88,"body":"is basically Abdul Karim"},{"startTime":2672.88,"endTime":2675.97,"body":"rather cleverly getting his own back,"},{"startTime":2675.97,"endTime":2678.85,"body":"because this, it subverts the way"},{"startTime":2678.85,"endTime":2681.31,"body":"photographs of the Queen"},{"startTime":2678.85,"endTime":2681.31,"body":"should be entirely."},{"startTime":2681.31,"endTime":2685.12,"body":"The person in control"},{"startTime":2681.31,"endTime":2685.12,"body":"dominating the situation"},{"startTime":2685.12,"endTime":2687.16,"body":"is Abdul Karim."},{"startTime":2687.16,"endTime":2691.27,"body":"The Queen is in the pose"},{"startTime":2687.16,"endTime":2691.27,"body":"of a little old lady,"},{"startTime":2691.27,"endTime":2694.603,"body":"doing what she's told by"},{"startTime":2691.27,"endTime":2694.603,"body":"this towering figure here,"},{"startTime":2696.19,"endTime":2697.84,"body":"and you know, writing letters, whatever,"},{"startTime":2697.84,"endTime":2700.39,"body":"according to his instruction."},{"startTime":2700.39,"endTime":2703.45,"body":"So because the painting, so, I'm sorry,"},{"startTime":2703.45,"endTime":2706.48,"body":"the photograph so completely reversed"},{"startTime":2706.48,"endTime":2708.79,"body":"what was supposed to be the relationship"},{"startTime":2708.79,"endTime":2710.14,"body":"between the Queen and her servant,"},{"startTime":2710.14,"endTime":2712.57,"body":"when in fact it's really the"},{"startTime":2710.14,"endTime":2712.57,"body":"Queen who's the servant almost,"},{"startTime":2712.57,"endTime":2715.06,"body":"and he who's the boss."},{"startTime":2715.06,"endTime":2718.073,"body":"There is a major outcry,"},{"startTime":2718.073,"endTime":2721.42,"body":"but I think we should say"},{"startTime":2718.073,"endTime":2721.42,"body":"congratulations to Abdul Karim"},{"startTime":2721.42,"endTime":2723.073,"body":"to think of such a witty joke."},{"startTime":2726.19,"endTime":2729.49,"body":"So India, then, for Victoria"},{"startTime":2729.49,"endTime":2733.84,"body":"is a major source of influence"},{"startTime":2729.49,"endTime":2733.84,"body":"and power and prestige,"},{"startTime":2733.84,"endTime":2735.69,"body":"and even though she never went there,"},{"startTime":2737.26,"endTime":2738.46,"body":"there is a genuine,"},{"startTime":2738.46,"endTime":2742.21,"body":"rather strange virtual"},{"startTime":2738.46,"endTime":2742.21,"body":"relationship, if you like,"},{"startTime":2742.21,"endTime":2746.05,"body":"between the Queen and her Indian subjects."},{"startTime":2746.05,"endTime":2749.44,"body":"And the other sphere,"},{"startTime":2746.05,"endTime":2749.44,"body":"new sphere of influence"},{"startTime":2749.44,"endTime":2751.09,"body":"that Queen Victoria develops"},{"startTime":2751.09,"endTime":2756.09,"body":"in the last two decades of"},{"startTime":2751.09,"endTime":2756.09,"body":"her reign is the family."},{"startTime":2758.98,"endTime":2763.98,"body":"And the family now has become..."},{"startTime":2766.87,"endTime":2769.27,"body":"Sorry, I can't look at this watch..."},{"startTime":2769.27,"endTime":2770.56,"body":"Has become much greater."},{"startTime":2770.56,"endTime":2772.573,"body":"Victoria had 42 grandchildren,"},{"startTime":2773.41,"endTime":2776.53,"body":"and she was known as the"},{"startTime":2773.41,"endTime":2776.53,"body":"Grandmother of Europe,"},{"startTime":2776.53,"endTime":2781.53,"body":"and here she is in a 1887"},{"startTime":2776.53,"endTime":2781.53,"body":"Golden Jubilee painting"},{"startTime":2785.59,"endTime":2788.47,"body":"by Tuxen, a Danish artist,"},{"startTime":2788.47,"endTime":2790.813,"body":"and Victoria is in the front,"},{"startTime":2791.699,"endTime":2794.8,"body":"you might think playing"},{"startTime":2791.699,"endTime":2794.8,"body":"with her grandchildren"},{"startTime":2794.8,"endTime":2796.66,"body":"in a very charming family picture."},{"startTime":2796.66,"endTime":2798.31,"body":"And that's what Victoria said it was."},{"startTime":2798.31,"endTime":2800.26,"body":"It was a charming family painting,"},{"startTime":2800.26,"endTime":2804.07,"body":"but it's actually also"},{"startTime":2800.26,"endTime":2804.07,"body":"a painting about power,"},{"startTime":2804.07,"endTime":2806.65,"body":"because the Queen, she may be small"},{"startTime":2806.65,"endTime":2809.17,"body":"and she may be playing with the babies,"},{"startTime":2809.17,"endTime":2811.12,"body":"but she is the woman who calls the shots"},{"startTime":2811.12,"endTime":2813.1,"body":"within this enormous extended family."},{"startTime":2813.1,"endTime":2815.05,"body":"She is the person who keeps it together"},{"startTime":2815.05,"endTime":2816.91,"body":"with her enormous correspondence"},{"startTime":2816.91,"endTime":2820.09,"body":"to all her family painted here."},{"startTime":2820.09,"endTime":2822.4,"body":"She's the person who"},{"startTime":2820.09,"endTime":2822.4,"body":"arranges the marriages."},{"startTime":2822.4,"endTime":2826.03,"body":"She's the person whose best entertainment"},{"startTime":2826.03,"endTime":2828.91,"body":"was when one of her granddaughters"},{"startTime":2826.03,"endTime":2828.91,"body":"were going into labor,"},{"startTime":2828.91,"endTime":2830.89,"body":"Victoria would listen"},{"startTime":2828.91,"endTime":2830.89,"body":"and come to the bedroom"},{"startTime":2830.89,"endTime":2832.42,"body":"and watch it for hours on end."},{"startTime":2832.42,"endTime":2833.71,"body":"Can you imagine having Victoria"},{"startTime":2833.71,"endTime":2835.46,"body":"watching you while you're in labor?"},{"startTime":2838.15,"endTime":2843.15,"body":"But she keeps this whole"},{"startTime":2838.15,"endTime":2843.15,"body":"dynastic situation,"},{"startTime":2843.455,"endTime":2847.81,"body":"you know, she keeps it going,"},{"startTime":2843.455,"endTime":2847.81,"body":"and it is her power base."},{"startTime":2847.81,"endTime":2852.61,"body":"She's enormously powerful"},{"startTime":2847.81,"endTime":2852.61,"body":"as a result of that."},{"startTime":2854.32,"endTime":2858.16,"body":"So we have these two new types of power"},{"startTime":2858.16,"endTime":2860.503,"body":"that Victoria develops,"},{"startTime":2861.37,"endTime":2864.76,"body":"and we also have the sort"},{"startTime":2861.37,"endTime":2864.76,"body":"of very simple narrative"},{"startTime":2864.76,"endTime":2868.633,"body":"that she creates of herself as a widow."},{"startTime":2869.71,"endTime":2872.74,"body":"From the time of Albert's"},{"startTime":2869.71,"endTime":2872.74,"body":"death until her own death,"},{"startTime":2872.74,"endTime":2877.333,"body":"she always wore mourning"},{"startTime":2872.74,"endTime":2877.333,"body":"clothes, black, black, black,"},{"startTime":2878.47,"endTime":2883.42,"body":"and she posed, as you know,"},{"startTime":2883.42,"endTime":2885.31,"body":"this is a carte visite of Victoria,"},{"startTime":2885.31,"endTime":2890.31,"body":"she posed as a sad black-dressed old lady"},{"startTime":2890.65,"endTime":2891.79,"body":"here,"},{"startTime":2891.79,"endTime":2892.623,"body":"here,"},{"startTime":2895.18,"endTime":2896.083,"body":"and here."},{"startTime":2897.22,"endTime":2898.933,"body":"Mourning, always in black,"},{"startTime":2900.608,"endTime":2903.52,"body":"yeah, always being made"},{"startTime":2900.608,"endTime":2903.52,"body":"to look rather thinner"},{"startTime":2903.52,"endTime":2904.663,"body":"than she actually was."},{"startTime":2905.56,"endTime":2909.49,"body":"But I think there develops"},{"startTime":2905.56,"endTime":2909.49,"body":"a sort of a narrative"},{"startTime":2909.49,"endTime":2913.12,"body":"of Victoria as the sort of"},{"startTime":2909.49,"endTime":2913.12,"body":"grandmother of her children"},{"startTime":2913.12,"endTime":2916.0,"body":"and the grandmother of the nation,"},{"startTime":2916.0,"endTime":2917.47,"body":"the Widow of Windsor,"},{"startTime":2917.47,"endTime":2919.9,"body":"the woman who's had such a tragic life,"},{"startTime":2919.9,"endTime":2924.9,"body":"but nevertheless continues"},{"startTime":2919.9,"endTime":2924.9,"body":"to have a deep concern"},{"startTime":2926.08,"endTime":2928.39,"body":"for the welfare of all her people."},{"startTime":2928.39,"endTime":2931.93,"body":"And so at the end of her life, this time,"},{"startTime":2931.93,"endTime":2934.09,"body":"Victoria is really far more popular"},{"startTime":2934.09,"endTime":2935.773,"body":"than she had ever been before."},{"startTime":2936.67,"endTime":2940.39,"body":"So with her skillful handling of images,"},{"startTime":2940.39,"endTime":2941.89,"body":"as she does with this,"},{"startTime":2941.89,"endTime":2945.53,"body":"I think Victoria is able to create"},{"startTime":2946.924,"endTime":2950.32,"body":"a sort of a narrative about her,"},{"startTime":2950.32,"endTime":2954.64,"body":"which enables her to be"},{"startTime":2950.32,"endTime":2954.64,"body":"an incredibly powerful"},{"startTime":2954.64,"endTime":2956.56,"body":"and popular monarch."},{"startTime":2956.56,"endTime":2958.16,"body":"Thank you very much."},{"startTime":2958.16,"endTime":2961.327,"body":"(audience applauding)"},{"startTime":2963.137,"endTime":2964.96,"body":"- [Audience Member 1] Thank you."},{"startTime":2964.96,"endTime":2966.735,"body":"Nowadays royals and celebrities"},{"startTime":2966.735,"endTime":2969.16,"body":"have their own image consultants"},{"startTime":2969.16,"endTime":2973.33,"body":"to get advice on what"},{"startTime":2969.16,"endTime":2973.33,"body":"sorts of image to project"},{"startTime":2973.33,"endTime":2975.61,"body":"into the public sphere."},{"startTime":2975.61,"endTime":2978.94,"body":"Back then, I would imagine"},{"startTime":2975.61,"endTime":2978.94,"body":"it would be courtiers,"},{"startTime":2978.94,"endTime":2982.36,"body":"or would someone else step"},{"startTime":2978.94,"endTime":2982.36,"body":"into that sort of role?"},{"startTime":2982.36,"endTime":2984.52,"body":"- I think that's a really good question."},{"startTime":2984.52,"endTime":2987.83,"body":"I think it was Victoria herself,"},{"startTime":2987.83,"endTime":2990.37,"body":"well, on her image, especially the black."},{"startTime":2990.37,"endTime":2992.147,"body":"I mean, her family endlessly was saying,"},{"startTime":2992.147,"endTime":2994.027,"body":"\"Oh, for goodness sake, lighten up.\""},{"startTime":2994.87,"endTime":2997.45,"body":"She was at a wedding or something,"},{"startTime":2997.45,"endTime":2999.94,"body":"she insisted on wearing the black,"},{"startTime":2999.94,"endTime":3003.63,"body":"and I think from the point"},{"startTime":2999.94,"endTime":3003.63,"body":"of view of the narrative"},{"startTime":3003.63,"endTime":3006.18,"body":"and the sort of character"},{"startTime":3003.63,"endTime":3006.18,"body":"that was being portrayed,"},{"startTime":3006.18,"endTime":3007.62,"body":"perhaps that was sensible."},{"startTime":3007.62,"endTime":3009.48,"body":"But I don't know of anybody"},{"startTime":3009.48,"endTime":3011.08,"body":"who was advising her to do that."},{"startTime":3012.78,"endTime":3015.18,"body":"Albert would have, but I"},{"startTime":3012.78,"endTime":3015.18,"body":"mean, he wasn't around."},{"startTime":3016.274,"endTime":3018.628,"body":"- [Audience Member 2]"},{"startTime":3016.274,"endTime":3018.628,"body":"Victoria spent a lot of time"},{"startTime":3018.628,"endTime":3022.355,"body":"lambasting poor Bertie for"},{"startTime":3018.628,"endTime":3022.355,"body":"not being like his father."},{"startTime":3022.355,"endTime":3024.352,"body":"Did he do anything to influence"},{"startTime":3024.352,"endTime":3027.019,"body":"how she was seen after she died?"},{"startTime":3029.67,"endTime":3030.65,"body":"- You mean..."},{"startTime":3031.74,"endTime":3033.59,"body":"Well, I think you mean..."},{"startTime":3034.44,"endTime":3037.383,"body":"Yes, you mean to sort of affect her image?"},{"startTime":3038.64,"endTime":3041.49,"body":"Well, I think he did do a bit."},{"startTime":3041.49,"endTime":3046.2,"body":"I think that he and his"},{"startTime":3041.49,"endTime":3046.2,"body":"siblings were all a bit worried"},{"startTime":3046.2,"endTime":3047.7,"body":"about how she was going to come across"},{"startTime":3047.7,"endTime":3049.26,"body":"for the last years of her reign,"},{"startTime":3049.26,"endTime":3050.91,"body":"I mean, you know, the last"},{"startTime":3049.26,"endTime":3050.91,"body":"40 years of her reign,"},{"startTime":3050.91,"endTime":3053.61,"body":"when she really hadn't"},{"startTime":3050.91,"endTime":3053.61,"body":"appeared hardly at all."},{"startTime":3053.61,"endTime":3056.76,"body":"So they started saying that"},{"startTime":3053.61,"endTime":3056.76,"body":"this was a sort of holy period"},{"startTime":3056.76,"endTime":3057.6,"body":"of Victoria's life,"},{"startTime":3057.6,"endTime":3060.36,"body":"and nobody should really write about it."},{"startTime":3060.36,"endTime":3064.92,"body":"Bertie also was quite clear"},{"startTime":3064.92,"endTime":3068.328,"body":"that there shouldn't be"},{"startTime":3064.92,"endTime":3068.328,"body":"a biography of Victoria,"},{"startTime":3068.328,"endTime":3069.72,"body":"and that she should be commemorated"},{"startTime":3069.72,"endTime":3072.0,"body":"just by publishing letters,"},{"startTime":3072.0,"endTime":3074.61,"body":"and the letters that were"},{"startTime":3072.0,"endTime":3074.61,"body":"published were redacted"},{"startTime":3074.61,"endTime":3078.03,"body":"to take out anything about"},{"startTime":3074.61,"endTime":3078.03,"body":"the womanly side of her life."},{"startTime":3078.03,"endTime":3080.82,"body":"So anything about children"},{"startTime":3078.03,"endTime":3080.82,"body":"or babies or any jokes,"},{"startTime":3080.82,"endTime":3081.78,"body":"they all went out,"},{"startTime":3081.78,"endTime":3084.3,"body":"and they just show a picture of Victoria"},{"startTime":3084.3,"endTime":3089.113,"body":"as being extremely sort of"},{"startTime":3084.3,"endTime":3089.113,"body":"fascinated by politics. (laughs)"},{"startTime":3090.27,"endTime":3094.44,"body":"So, but I think, you"},{"startTime":3090.27,"endTime":3094.44,"body":"know, when Victoria died,"},{"startTime":3094.44,"endTime":3098.28,"body":"she was incredibly popular,"},{"startTime":3094.44,"endTime":3098.28,"body":"and everybody wore black."},{"startTime":3098.28,"endTime":3100.886,"body":"The shops were all, you know,"},{"startTime":3098.28,"endTime":3100.886,"body":"had black in their windows."},{"startTime":3100.886,"endTime":3102.42,"body":"People felt they'd..."},{"startTime":3102.42,"endTime":3104.28,"body":"People were crying in the streets."},{"startTime":3104.28,"endTime":3106.32,"body":"They felt they'd lost their mother."},{"startTime":3106.32,"endTime":3109.23,"body":"And so I suppose that"},{"startTime":3106.32,"endTime":3109.23,"body":"that was not something"},{"startTime":3109.23,"endTime":3111.39,"body":"that Bertie was going to go against."},{"startTime":3111.39,"endTime":3114.48,"body":"That was something that"},{"startTime":3111.39,"endTime":3114.48,"body":"he was going to support."},{"startTime":3114.48,"endTime":3116.52,"body":"And of course, there"},{"startTime":3114.48,"endTime":3116.52,"body":"is the story of Bertie"},{"startTime":3116.52,"endTime":3118.86,"body":"having this last-minute"},{"startTime":3116.52,"endTime":3118.86,"body":"reconciliation with Victoria"},{"startTime":3118.86,"endTime":3120.27,"body":"on her deathbed."},{"startTime":3120.27,"endTime":3122.16,"body":"When she cried out, she"},{"startTime":3120.27,"endTime":3122.16,"body":"couldn't see, she was blind,"},{"startTime":3122.16,"endTime":3124.71,"body":"but she cried out for Bertie"},{"startTime":3124.71,"endTime":3129.71,"body":"and gave him sort of, and gave him a hug."},{"startTime":3131.28,"endTime":3133.03,"body":"So it's complex, this relationship."},{"startTime":3133.866,"endTime":3136.05,"body":"- [Audience Member 3] It"},{"startTime":3133.866,"endTime":3136.05,"body":"seems that she was conscious"},{"startTime":3136.05,"endTime":3138.42,"body":"of the power of the image"},{"startTime":3136.05,"endTime":3138.42,"body":"from a very young age,"},{"startTime":3138.42,"endTime":3139.707,"body":"but what's the origin of that?"},{"startTime":3139.707,"endTime":3142.77,"body":"Was that something that came"},{"startTime":3139.707,"endTime":3142.77,"body":"from her as an individual"},{"startTime":3142.77,"endTime":3144.24,"body":"or was she a product of her time?"},{"startTime":3144.24,"endTime":3147.513,"body":"Was she influenced by the"},{"startTime":3144.24,"endTime":3147.513,"body":"fact she was a woman, or what?"},{"startTime":3148.348,"endTime":3150.464,"body":"How was she aware of it"},{"startTime":3148.348,"endTime":3150.464,"body":"from such a young age?"},{"startTime":3150.464,"endTime":3152.64,"body":"- Well, I think that is"},{"startTime":3150.464,"endTime":3152.64,"body":"an excellent question."},{"startTime":3152.64,"endTime":3154.08,"body":"I don't really know the answer."},{"startTime":3154.08,"endTime":3156.633,"body":"I mean, when I was"},{"startTime":3154.08,"endTime":3156.633,"body":"preparing for this talk,"},{"startTime":3157.8,"endTime":3160.71,"body":"I found that conversation"},{"startTime":3157.8,"endTime":3160.71,"body":"between her and Sully,"},{"startTime":3160.71,"endTime":3163.26,"body":"which show showed that she"},{"startTime":3160.71,"endTime":3163.26,"body":"was obviously very alert"},{"startTime":3164.297,"endTime":3165.963,"body":"to anything about her image."},{"startTime":3167.34,"endTime":3169.71,"body":"I don't know whether her"},{"startTime":3167.34,"endTime":3169.71,"body":"mother, the Duchess of Kent,"},{"startTime":3169.71,"endTime":3171.72,"body":"encouraged her to, you know,"},{"startTime":3171.72,"endTime":3173.709,"body":"encouraged the idea of an image,"},{"startTime":3173.709,"endTime":3176.76,"body":"you know, all those tours"},{"startTime":3173.709,"endTime":3176.76,"body":"that they went around,"},{"startTime":3176.76,"endTime":3177.96,"body":"her mother dragged her around,"},{"startTime":3177.96,"endTime":3180.15,"body":"but Victoria hated doing that"},{"startTime":3180.15,"endTime":3182.04,"body":"and stayed with people in visiting parts,"},{"startTime":3182.04,"endTime":3184.56,"body":"you know, royal progresses"},{"startTime":3182.04,"endTime":3184.56,"body":"all over the country."},{"startTime":3184.56,"endTime":3185.393,"body":"I don't think so."},{"startTime":3185.393,"endTime":3186.226,"body":"I think it was something"},{"startTime":3186.226,"endTime":3189.06,"body":"that Victoria had worked"},{"startTime":3186.226,"endTime":3189.06,"body":"out for herself, so far as,"},{"startTime":3189.06,"endTime":3190.44,"body":"but that may be wrong,"},{"startTime":3190.44,"endTime":3191.49,"body":"but that's what it seemed to me,"},{"startTime":3191.49,"endTime":3193.41,"body":"looking at what was going on."},{"startTime":3193.41,"endTime":3195.75,"body":"And it's also true that"},{"startTime":3193.41,"endTime":3195.75,"body":"very little has been written"},{"startTime":3195.75,"endTime":3196.92,"body":"about this by historians,"},{"startTime":3196.92,"endTime":3200.76,"body":"so there isn't a great literature"},{"startTime":3196.92,"endTime":3200.76,"body":"on Victoria and her image."},{"startTime":3200.76,"endTime":3203.036,"body":"That that should be corrected, really."},{"startTime":3203.036,"endTime":3205.62,"body":"- [Audience Member 4] The"},{"startTime":3203.036,"endTime":3205.62,"body":"period after Albert died"},{"startTime":3205.62,"endTime":3209.91,"body":"was when she withdrew into herself."},{"startTime":3209.91,"endTime":3212.25,"body":"Is there a case for thinking"},{"startTime":3212.25,"endTime":3214.59,"body":"that that might have been"},{"startTime":3212.25,"endTime":3214.59,"body":"a clinical depression,"},{"startTime":3214.59,"endTime":3217.593,"body":"and if so, I haven't seen"},{"startTime":3214.59,"endTime":3217.593,"body":"very much written about it."},{"startTime":3219.57,"endTime":3222.66,"body":"- Yes, I think there are"},{"startTime":3219.57,"endTime":3222.66,"body":"some people who thought"},{"startTime":3222.66,"endTime":3224.703,"body":"that she was trying it on at the time,"},{"startTime":3225.78,"endTime":3228.87,"body":"but I think that there"},{"startTime":3225.78,"endTime":3228.87,"body":"is a school of thought"},{"startTime":3228.87,"endTime":3230.59,"body":"amongst modern commentators"},{"startTime":3231.6,"endTime":3235.44,"body":"that Victoria's grief was"},{"startTime":3231.6,"endTime":3235.44,"body":"rather like the grief sometimes"},{"startTime":3235.44,"endTime":3238.2,"body":"of mothers whose children had been killed"},{"startTime":3238.2,"endTime":3239.1,"body":"in the First World War."},{"startTime":3239.1,"endTime":3242.883,"body":"It was sort of extreme grief,"},{"startTime":3239.1,"endTime":3242.883,"body":"and it had become a sort of,"},{"startTime":3244.35,"endTime":3248.858,"body":"you know, it had become a"},{"startTime":3244.35,"endTime":3248.858,"body":"sort of psychological issue."},{"startTime":3248.858,"endTime":3252.99,"body":"It wasn't just part of the"},{"startTime":3248.858,"endTime":3252.99,"body":"natural grieving process."},{"startTime":3252.99,"endTime":3255.393,"body":"She got sort of stuck"},{"startTime":3252.99,"endTime":3255.393,"body":"in the grieving process."},{"startTime":3256.47,"endTime":3259.11,"body":"So I think that, I agree,"},{"startTime":3259.11,"endTime":3262.29,"body":"I think there should be"},{"startTime":3259.11,"endTime":3262.29,"body":"more work done about that,"},{"startTime":3262.29,"endTime":3263.97,"body":"'cause there's an awful lot of material"},{"startTime":3263.97,"endTime":3265.02,"body":"on Victoria's symptoms."},{"startTime":3265.02,"endTime":3266.7,"body":"A lot of people writing"},{"startTime":3265.02,"endTime":3266.7,"body":"about her around her,"},{"startTime":3266.7,"endTime":3269.34,"body":"and she herself was"},{"startTime":3266.7,"endTime":3269.34,"body":"writing a lot how she felt,"},{"startTime":3269.34,"endTime":3271.5,"body":"and you know, pathetic things,"},{"startTime":3271.5,"endTime":3273.48,"body":"like you look at the"},{"startTime":3271.5,"endTime":3273.48,"body":"watercolors that she did"},{"startTime":3273.48,"endTime":3275.1,"body":"when she was after Albert's death,"},{"startTime":3275.1,"endTime":3277.377,"body":"and they're completely gloomy"},{"startTime":3275.1,"endTime":3277.377,"body":"and no people in them at all,"},{"startTime":3277.377,"endTime":3278.984,"body":"and it's usually dark."},{"startTime":3278.984,"endTime":3282.048,"body":"I mean, I think she was"},{"startTime":3278.984,"endTime":3282.048,"body":"depressed, definitely."},{"startTime":3282.048,"endTime":3284.64,"body":"- [Audience Member 5] Did"},{"startTime":3282.048,"endTime":3284.64,"body":"Victoria have any real influence"},{"startTime":3284.64,"endTime":3285.93,"body":"over her grandchildren,"},{"startTime":3285.93,"endTime":3289.941,"body":"which included the German"},{"startTime":3285.93,"endTime":3289.941,"body":"Kaiser and the Russians Tsarina?"},{"startTime":3289.941,"endTime":3291.634,"body":"- Sorry, influence over her grandchildren?"},{"startTime":3291.634,"endTime":3293.67,"body":"- [Audience Member 5] Yeah,"},{"startTime":3291.634,"endTime":3293.67,"body":"which included the German Kaiser"},{"startTime":3293.67,"endTime":3295.56,"body":"and the Russian Tsarina."},{"startTime":3295.56,"endTime":3298.29,"body":"- The sorry, the Kaiser of..."},{"startTime":3298.29,"endTime":3302.19,"body":"Yes, yes, she had the Kaiser"},{"startTime":3298.29,"endTime":3302.19,"body":"and the Russian empress,"},{"startTime":3302.19,"endTime":3303.333,"body":"you mean those two?"},{"startTime":3304.53,"endTime":3305.73,"body":"Yes, Aleki."},{"startTime":3305.73,"endTime":3309.18,"body":"Well, I think she was absolutely furious"},{"startTime":3309.18,"endTime":3312.433,"body":"when her granddaughter Alexandrovna,"},{"startTime":3312.433,"endTime":3314.19,"body":"or Aleki, she was known, of Hess"},{"startTime":3314.19,"endTime":3317.22,"body":"married Alexandrovich,"},{"startTime":3317.22,"endTime":3321.24,"body":"who became Nicholas II second of Russia."},{"startTime":3321.24,"endTime":3324.537,"body":"She thought Russia was an"},{"startTime":3321.24,"endTime":3324.537,"body":"absolutely appalling country"},{"startTime":3324.537,"endTime":3327.78,"body":"and dangerous, and never"},{"startTime":3324.537,"endTime":3327.78,"body":"should anyone go there,"},{"startTime":3327.78,"endTime":3329.93,"body":"and I suppose actually"},{"startTime":3327.78,"endTime":3329.93,"body":"she was proved right"},{"startTime":3332.16,"endTime":3334.86,"body":"from Aleki's point of view,"},{"startTime":3332.16,"endTime":3334.86,"body":"who died a dreadful death,"},{"startTime":3336.3,"endTime":3340.77,"body":"and from the Kaiser, her grandson,"},{"startTime":3340.77,"endTime":3343.92,"body":"she actually got on rather well with him."},{"startTime":3343.92,"endTime":3348.3,"body":"And Queen Victoria was"},{"startTime":3343.92,"endTime":3348.3,"body":"the only English person"},{"startTime":3348.3,"endTime":3350.07,"body":"who the Kaiser would"},{"startTime":3348.3,"endTime":3350.07,"body":"take seriously at all,"},{"startTime":3350.07,"endTime":3352.11,"body":"only member of the English royal family."},{"startTime":3352.11,"endTime":3354.18,"body":"So because Victoria"},{"startTime":3354.18,"endTime":3356.52,"body":"was able to sort of tell"},{"startTime":3354.18,"endTime":3356.52,"body":"things to the Kaiser,"},{"startTime":3356.52,"endTime":3358.71,"body":"which, if other people had told them,"},{"startTime":3358.71,"endTime":3361.59,"body":"would have caused a sort"},{"startTime":3358.71,"endTime":3361.59,"body":"of international incident,"},{"startTime":3361.59,"endTime":3365.659,"body":"you know, she was used by the Foreign,"},{"startTime":3365.659,"endTime":3367.14,"body":"well, not Foreign Secretary,"},{"startTime":3367.14,"endTime":3370.95,"body":"but Prime Minister and Foreign"},{"startTime":3367.14,"endTime":3370.95,"body":"Secretary Lord Salisbury"},{"startTime":3370.95,"endTime":3373.68,"body":"as a kind of sort of messenger"},{"startTime":3373.68,"endTime":3376.98,"body":"between the English government"},{"startTime":3373.68,"endTime":3376.98,"body":"and the German government,"},{"startTime":3376.98,"endTime":3378.3,"body":"and her influence with the Kaiser"},{"startTime":3378.3,"endTime":3379.38,"body":"actually was quite important."},{"startTime":3379.38,"endTime":3381.06,"body":"She could calm him down."},{"startTime":3381.06,"endTime":3383.973,"body":"And of course, when she"},{"startTime":3381.06,"endTime":3383.973,"body":"died after she died in 1901,"},{"startTime":3384.84,"endTime":3388.02,"body":"Bertie, her successor, couldn't"},{"startTime":3384.84,"endTime":3388.02,"body":"calm the Kaiser down at all."},{"startTime":3388.02,"endTime":3390.96,"body":"Whenever they met, there"},{"startTime":3388.02,"endTime":3390.96,"body":"was a scene and difficulty,"},{"startTime":3390.96,"endTime":3393.84,"body":"and you could argue that this"},{"startTime":3390.96,"endTime":3393.84,"body":"was one of the sort of causes"},{"startTime":3393.84,"endTime":3394.89,"body":"of the First World War,"},{"startTime":3394.89,"endTime":3397.89,"body":"not high up on the cause list,"},{"startTime":3394.89,"endTime":3397.89,"body":"but it certainly was a cause."},{"startTime":3399.642,"endTime":3401.67,"body":"- [Audience Member 6]"},{"startTime":3399.642,"endTime":3401.67,"body":"Does narrative of herself"},{"startTime":3401.67,"endTime":3406.155,"body":"rub off on other sort"},{"startTime":3401.67,"endTime":3406.155,"body":"of eminent Victorians?"},{"startTime":3406.155,"endTime":3410.85,"body":"Does a sense of Victoria's self"},{"startTime":3410.85,"endTime":3413.883,"body":"become part of what"},{"startTime":3410.85,"endTime":3413.883,"body":"becomes the Victorian era?"},{"startTime":3415.435,"endTime":3418.67,"body":"- Yes, you mean sort of black and gloomy?"},{"startTime":3418.67,"endTime":3421.14,"body":"(audience laughing)"},{"startTime":3421.14,"endTime":3421.983,"body":"Black clothes."},{"startTime":3423.99,"endTime":3424.86,"body":"Yes, I think there is,"},{"startTime":3424.86,"endTime":3427.8,"body":"and I think a lot of"},{"startTime":3424.86,"endTime":3427.8,"body":"widows probably did follow."},{"startTime":3427.8,"endTime":3429.18,"body":"I don't how much they did,"},{"startTime":3429.18,"endTime":3432.237,"body":"she was followed, but I think"},{"startTime":3429.18,"endTime":3432.237,"body":"she would have been a bit."},{"startTime":3432.237,"endTime":3435.06,"body":"And I mean, I think, Victoria's famous"},{"startTime":3435.06,"endTime":3438.477,"body":"for saying when somebody made"},{"startTime":3435.06,"endTime":3438.477,"body":"a joke, \"We are not amused,\""},{"startTime":3439.5,"endTime":3441.96,"body":"and she always looked very grumpy."},{"startTime":3441.96,"endTime":3443.67,"body":"But actually, when she was in her sixties"},{"startTime":3443.67,"endTime":3445.56,"body":"and seventies and eighties,"},{"startTime":3445.56,"endTime":3447.074,"body":"she was actually rather,"},{"startTime":3447.074,"endTime":3450.69,"body":"she was far better and"},{"startTime":3447.074,"endTime":3450.69,"body":"far easier to get on with"},{"startTime":3450.69,"endTime":3455.07,"body":"and laughed a lot, made funny"},{"startTime":3450.69,"endTime":3455.07,"body":"jokes, told funny stories."},{"startTime":3455.07,"endTime":3456.99,"body":"And it was only the public image"},{"startTime":3456.99,"endTime":3459.24,"body":"that she got on the sort"},{"startTime":3456.99,"endTime":3459.24,"body":"of, you know, all the black,"},{"startTime":3459.24,"endTime":3460.23,"body":"got on all her blacks"},{"startTime":3460.23,"endTime":3464.307,"body":"and looked like a frown"},{"startTime":3460.23,"endTime":3464.307,"body":"and furious with everybody."},{"startTime":3464.307,"endTime":3465.96,"body":"This was not her."},{"startTime":3465.96,"endTime":3470.61,"body":"The Queen Victoria that her"},{"startTime":3465.96,"endTime":3470.61,"body":"ladies in waiting talk about"},{"startTime":3470.61,"endTime":3473.61,"body":"was this rather sort of witty"},{"startTime":3470.61,"endTime":3473.61,"body":"character who they all loved,"},{"startTime":3473.61,"endTime":3476.673,"body":"'cause she was so sort of"},{"startTime":3473.61,"endTime":3476.673,"body":"friendly and funny, so."},{"startTime":3479.7,"endTime":3480.72,"body":"- Wonderful."},{"startTime":3480.72,"endTime":3482.73,"body":"I think reached seven o'clock,"},{"startTime":3482.73,"endTime":3486.575,"body":"and I'd like to thank Professor"},{"startTime":3482.73,"endTime":3486.575,"body":"Jane Ridley very, very much."},{"startTime":3486.575,"endTime":3488.19,"body":"It's been fascinating."},{"startTime":3488.19,"endTime":3491.357,"body":"(audience applauding)"}]}