{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.172,"endTime":3.005,"body":"(whooshing music)"},{"startTime":5.01,"endTime":7.56,"body":"- I'm going to let the"},{"startTime":5.01,"endTime":7.56,"body":"passages do the talking"},{"startTime":7.56,"endTime":8.4,"body":"a lot of the time,"},{"startTime":8.4,"endTime":10.32,"body":"so let's plunge in."},{"startTime":10.32,"endTime":14.52,"body":"Perhaps you'll recognize"},{"startTime":10.32,"endTime":14.52,"body":"this first passage,"},{"startTime":14.52,"endTime":15.45,"body":"perhaps you'll recognize it"},{"startTime":15.45,"endTime":16.83,"body":"even if you actually haven't read"},{"startTime":16.83,"endTime":19.29,"body":"the very long novel from which it comes,"},{"startTime":19.29,"endTime":21.36,"body":"although some of you will have done,"},{"startTime":21.36,"endTime":23.73,"body":"sold 100,000 copies in its first week,"},{"startTime":23.73,"endTime":27.21,"body":"who knows how many it's sold since then."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":28.837,"endTime":29.727,"body":"\"Wreckage (I)."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":30.577,"endTime":33.847,"body":"\"London, May 1536."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":33.847,"endTime":37.747,"body":"\"Once the queen's head is"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":33.847,"endTime":37.747,"body":"severed, he walks away."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":37.747,"endTime":39.547,"body":"\"A sharp pang of appetite"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":39.547,"endTime":43.027,"body":"\"reminds him that it is"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":39.547,"endTime":43.027,"body":"time for a second breakfast,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":43.027,"endTime":45.277,"body":"\"or perhaps an early dinner."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":45.277,"endTime":47.317,"body":"\"The morning circumstances are new"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":47.317,"endTime":49.837,"body":"\"and there are no rules to guide us."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":49.837,"endTime":53.797,"body":"\"The witnesses who have knelt"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":49.837,"endTime":53.797,"body":"for the passing of the soul"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":53.797,"endTime":56.407,"body":"\"stand up and put on their hats."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":56.407,"endTime":59.97,"body":"\"Under the hats, their faces are stunned.\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":59.97,"endTime":61.867,"body":"Of course, it's the"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":59.97,"endTime":61.867,"body":"opening of Hilary Mantel's"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":61.867,"endTime":63.87,"body":"\"The Mirror and the Light,\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":63.87,"endTime":68.603,"body":"published after much"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":63.87,"endTime":68.603,"body":"anticipation in March, 2020."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":69.48,"endTime":70.92,"body":"When it appeared, I"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":69.48,"endTime":70.92,"body":"remember everybody said,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":70.92,"endTime":71.97,"body":"oh, it's taken a long time,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":71.97,"endTime":72.803,"body":"and then you saw it,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":72.803,"endTime":76.14,"body":"and you saw why it had taken a long time."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":76.14,"endTime":77.67,"body":"And we are, of course,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":77.67,"endTime":79.83,"body":"a few minutes, just a few minutes"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":79.83,"endTime":82.927,"body":"after the end of the previous volume,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":82.927,"endTime":84.87,"body":"\"Bring Up the Bodies,\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":84.87,"endTime":89.64,"body":"at the execution of Queen"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":84.87,"endTime":89.64,"body":"Anne, formerly Anne Boleyn,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":89.64,"endTime":91.323,"body":"second wife of Henry VIII,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":92.28,"endTime":97.28,"body":"and we are in the consciousness"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":92.28,"endTime":97.28,"body":"of Thomas Cromwell,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":97.56,"endTime":102.56,"body":"the protagonist of all three"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":97.56,"endTime":102.56,"body":"of Mantel's Cromwell novels,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":104.107,"endTime":106.38,"body":"\"Wolf Hall\" novels, Tudor novels,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":106.38,"endTime":108.78,"body":"call them what you will."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":108.78,"endTime":112.98,"body":"We witness events with his sharp eyes,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":112.98,"endTime":115.11,"body":"we feel his appetites,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":115.11,"endTime":118.95,"body":"we experience his mixed responses."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":118.95,"endTime":121.29,"body":"He realizes he's hungry,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":121.29,"endTime":125.61,"body":"he notices the stunned"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":121.29,"endTime":125.61,"body":"faces of the onlookers,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":125.61,"endTime":127.927,"body":"a thought goes through his head,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":127.927,"endTime":130.317,"body":"\"there are no rules to guide us.\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":131.31,"endTime":136.31,"body":"And of course, it's a brilliant thought"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":136.44,"endTime":139.38,"body":"because it might as well"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":136.44,"endTime":139.38,"body":"apply to his uncertainty"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":139.38,"endTime":141.57,"body":"about what kind of meal you have"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":141.57,"endTime":143.97,"body":"after the queen's been executed,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":143.97,"endTime":147.48,"body":"as well as the political guidelessness"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":147.48,"endTime":149.25,"body":"of the world that he's in"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":149.25,"endTime":151.74,"body":"and that he's partly responsible for,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":151.74,"endTime":154.087,"body":"that he has to steer through,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":154.087,"endTime":155.79,"body":"\"there are no rules to guide us.\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":155.79,"endTime":157.92,"body":"It seems a really good motto"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":157.92,"endTime":162.3,"body":"for Mantel's own revivification"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":157.92,"endTime":162.3,"body":"of historical fiction."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":162.3,"endTime":165.0,"body":"We know the story,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":165.0,"endTime":168.15,"body":"there's hardly a better known"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":165.0,"endTime":168.15,"body":"story in English history"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":168.15,"endTime":171.243,"body":"than the story of the"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":168.15,"endTime":171.243,"body":"six wives of Henry VIII."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":172.29,"endTime":174.15,"body":"Perhaps, I'm sure you, sir,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":174.15,"endTime":175.5,"body":"from our discussion before the lecture,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":175.5,"endTime":178.47,"body":"will remember Keith Michell,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":175.5,"endTime":178.47,"body":"wasn't it, of course,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":178.47,"endTime":180.81,"body":"in \"The Six Wives of Henry VIII,\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":180.81,"endTime":183.78,"body":"BBC costume drama all those years ago,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":183.78,"endTime":187.26,"body":"a story that everybody knows."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":187.26,"endTime":190.35,"body":"But our protagonist, Thomas Cromwell,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":190.35,"endTime":191.7,"body":"he doesn't know it,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":191.7,"endTime":194.16,"body":"he's in uncharted territory,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":194.16,"endTime":197.46,"body":"there's no precedent for this,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":197.46,"endTime":200.82,"body":"the morning circumstances are new,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":200.82,"endTime":202.38,"body":"and so, of course,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":202.38,"endTime":206.31,"body":"the grain of the narration"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":202.38,"endTime":206.31,"body":"in the present tense,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":206.31,"endTime":208.083,"body":"it's always in the present tense,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":209.79,"endTime":212.37,"body":"through his eyes, through"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":209.79,"endTime":212.37,"body":"his consciousness,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":212.37,"endTime":214.86,"body":"and always in the present tense,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":214.86,"endTime":217.11,"body":"which is actually a narrative tense,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":217.11,"endTime":221.85,"body":"very common in literary"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":217.11,"endTime":221.85,"body":"fiction in Britain nowadays,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":221.85,"endTime":226.443,"body":"but almost unknown before the 1960s."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":227.45,"endTime":229.56,"body":"It was sort of common,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":229.56,"endTime":231.3,"body":"you'd see it in avant-garde fiction"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":231.3,"endTime":233.64,"body":"in the 1960s and '70s a bit,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":233.64,"endTime":237.183,"body":"and now, it's something that"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":233.64,"endTime":237.183,"body":"Philip Pullman complains about,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":238.35,"endTime":239.97,"body":"everybody's writing in the present tense"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":239.97,"endTime":241.5,"body":"to make their books seem more literary,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":241.5,"endTime":244.143,"body":"more urgent, more happening."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":245.58,"endTime":248.91,"body":"And this novel,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":248.91,"endTime":252.33,"body":"everything is happening,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":252.33,"endTime":253.59,"body":"Hilary Mantel"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":253.59,"endTime":258.15,"body":"makes historical fiction"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":253.59,"endTime":258.15,"body":"absorbing and demanding"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":258.15,"endTime":259.95,"body":"through the present tense,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":259.95,"endTime":264.95,"body":"so historical events given as"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":259.95,"endTime":264.95,"body":"they were once experienced."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":265.77,"endTime":268.77,"body":"And actually, this comes from somewhere,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":268.77,"endTime":269.88,"body":"it comes from a book"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":269.88,"endTime":274.88,"body":"which I know that Hilary"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":269.88,"endTime":274.88,"body":"Mantel has read more than once,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":275.73,"endTime":277.14,"body":"and which had a great influence"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":277.14,"endTime":279.45,"body":"on one or two of the"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":277.14,"endTime":279.45,"body":"19th century novelists"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":279.45,"endTime":281.73,"body":"that I'm going to refer to a bit later."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":281.73,"endTime":284.88,"body":"And this is a little bit,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":284.88,"endTime":287.04,"body":"it's a huge book,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":287.04,"endTime":291.21,"body":"it's a huge book and a strange read,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":291.21,"endTime":296.13,"body":"a kind of wonderful book"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":291.21,"endTime":296.13,"body":"to read 50 or 100 pages of,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":296.13,"endTime":299.55,"body":"and a numbing book to read 1,000 pages of,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":299.55,"endTime":300.87,"body":"in my experience,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":300.87,"endTime":302.22,"body":"that's not literary criticism,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":302.22,"endTime":303.93,"body":"that's just opinion."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":303.93,"endTime":307.71,"body":"But Thomas Carlyle's"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":303.93,"endTime":307.71,"body":"\"The French Revolution,\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":307.71,"endTime":309.72,"body":"it was the book that first suggested"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":309.72,"endTime":312.06,"body":"to novelists of the 19th century"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":312.06,"endTime":314.07,"body":"the power of the present tense."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":314.07,"endTime":315.66,"body":"And this is just a little bit,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":315.66,"endTime":317.25,"body":"a little example, I thought,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":317.25,"endTime":319.5,"body":"the fall of the Bastille, why not?"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":319.5,"endTime":323.223,"body":"It's got a character"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":319.5,"endTime":323.223,"body":"called Huissier Maillard,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":324.33,"endTime":325.5,"body":"huissier's a title,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":325.5,"endTime":328.35,"body":"it means something like"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":325.5,"endTime":328.35,"body":"officer of the court,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":328.35,"endTime":329.88,"body":"it was an honorary title given him"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":329.88,"endTime":331.44,"body":"because he was supposed"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":329.88,"endTime":331.44,"body":"to have legal experience."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":331.44,"endTime":336.44,"body":"He later became a kind of"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":331.44,"endTime":336.44,"body":"exponent of show trials"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":336.6,"endTime":341.397,"body":"and a murderous zealot for the revolution,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":341.397,"endTime":345.66,"body":"partly responsible for"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":341.397,"endTime":345.66,"body":"the September massacres."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":345.66,"endTime":350.34,"body":"His real name was"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":345.66,"endTime":350.34,"body":"Stanislas-Marie Maillard,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":350.34,"endTime":355.11,"body":"and he's the guy who"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":350.34,"endTime":355.11,"body":"leads the revolutionaries"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":355.11,"endTime":356.433,"body":"storming the Bastille."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":357.517,"endTime":361.447,"body":"\"See Huissier Maillard, the shifty man!"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":361.447,"endTime":364.357,"body":"\"On his plank, swinging over the abyss"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":364.357,"endTime":365.887,"body":"\"of that stone ditch,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":365.887,"endTime":367.447,"body":"\"plank resting on parapet,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":367.447,"endTime":369.277,"body":"\"balanced by weight of patriots."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":369.277,"endTime":371.527,"body":"\"He hovers, perilous,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":371.527,"endTime":373.92,"body":"\"such a dove towards such an ark!\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":373.92,"endTime":375.99,"body":"Historians aren't allowed"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":373.92,"endTime":375.99,"body":"to do this anymore,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":375.99,"endTime":377.167,"body":"all the exclamation marks."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":377.167,"endTime":378.66,"body":"\"He hovers, perilous,\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":378.66,"endTime":381.517,"body":"great, this is real history,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":381.517,"endTime":384.337,"body":"\"Deftly thou shifty usher,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":384.337,"endTime":385.957,"body":"\"one man already fell"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":385.957,"endTime":389.467,"body":"\"and lies smashed far down"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":385.957,"endTime":389.467,"body":"there against the masonry."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":389.467,"endTime":391.837,"body":"\"Usher Maillard falls not."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":391.837,"endTime":395.887,"body":"\"Deftly, unerring, he"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":391.837,"endTime":395.887,"body":"walks with outspread palm."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":395.887,"endTime":397.107,"body":"\"The Swiss,\""},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":398.52,"endTime":400.2,"body":"that's the guy who's"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":398.52,"endTime":400.2,"body":"in charge of the guard"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":400.2,"endTime":401.033,"body":"at the Bastille,"},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":401.033,"endTime":403.417,"body":"\"holds a paper through the porthole."},{"speaker":"I'll read it","startTime":403.417,"endTime":406.417,"body":"\"The shifty usher snatches it and returns."},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":408.697,"endTime":411.337,"body":"\"pardon, immunity to all."},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":411.337,"endTime":413.047,"body":"\"Are they accepted?\""},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":413.047,"endTime":414.093,"body":"\"'Foi d'officier,'"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":414.093,"endTime":415.447,"body":"\"'On the word of an officer,'"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":415.447,"endTime":418.717,"body":"\"answers half-pay Hulin, or half-pay Elie,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":418.717,"endTime":420.15,"body":"\"for men do not agree on it.\""},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":420.15,"endTime":422.49,"body":"It's amazing, in the middle of this,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":422.49,"endTime":426.12,"body":"Carlyle acknowledges that"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":422.49,"endTime":426.12,"body":"there's different accounts,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":426.12,"endTime":427.89,"body":"that everything is not certain,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":427.89,"endTime":430.02,"body":"but this is in the middle of an account"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":430.02,"endTime":432.36,"body":"where he narrates as if he knows it"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":432.36,"endTime":436.173,"body":"as well as any novelist would"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":432.36,"endTime":436.173,"body":"know his or her invention."},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":438.832,"endTime":441.697,"body":"\"'They are,'\" the terms are agreed,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":441.697,"endTime":443.557,"body":"\"Sinks the drawbridge,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":443.557,"endTime":446.107,"body":"\"Usher Maillard bolting it when down,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":446.107,"endTime":448.027,"body":"\"rushes in the living deluge."},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":448.027,"endTime":449.437,"body":"\"The Bastille is fallen,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":449.437,"endTime":451.707,"body":"\"victoire, la Bastille est prise.\""},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":453.84,"endTime":455.01,"body":"Not just the present tense,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":455.01,"endTime":458.52,"body":"but a weird sort of"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":455.01,"endTime":458.52,"body":"pseudo-literary language,"},{"speaker":"\"Terms of surrender","startTime":458.52,"endTime":459.87,"body":"all those thous."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":462.18,"endTime":465.3,"body":"in the 1830s, they didn't say thou."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":465.3,"endTime":470.003,"body":"All those inversions of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":465.3,"endTime":470.003,"body":"sentences, of word order,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":472.05,"endTime":473.137,"body":"and finally, of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":473.137,"endTime":475.5,"body":"\"La Bastille est prise,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":475.5,"endTime":478.56,"body":"which is both a bit of history,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":478.56,"endTime":480.39,"body":"that's what they said,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":480.39,"endTime":484.26,"body":"but also a bit of present tense narration,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":484.26,"endTime":487.53,"body":"not the Bastille was taken, but is taken."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":487.53,"endTime":492.09,"body":"And that's the whole of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":487.53,"endTime":492.09,"body":"Carlyle's \"French Revolution,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":492.09,"endTime":493.8,"body":"is narrated in the present tense,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":493.8,"endTime":495.54,"body":"had a big influence"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":495.54,"endTime":498.727,"body":"on Mantel's historical novel"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":495.54,"endTime":498.727,"body":"of the French Revolution,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":498.727,"endTime":500.46,"body":"\"A Place of Greater Safety,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":500.46,"endTime":503.46,"body":"although that moves around"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":500.46,"endTime":503.46,"body":"between tenses a lot."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":503.46,"endTime":506.04,"body":"She uses tense oscillation"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":506.04,"endTime":508.74,"body":"in, actually, a couple"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":506.04,"endTime":508.74,"body":"of her early novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":508.74,"endTime":512.58,"body":"but the insistent historic present tense"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":512.58,"endTime":514.53,"body":"was new in \"Wolf Hall,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":514.53,"endTime":517.05,"body":"and it restores, of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":517.05,"endTime":521.16,"body":"provisionality, risk,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":517.05,"endTime":521.16,"body":"uncertainty, luck, danger,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":521.16,"endTime":522.24,"body":"you don't know what's going to happen,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":522.24,"endTime":523.89,"body":"if you're Thomas Cromwell,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":523.89,"endTime":528.21,"body":"to the past, the past"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":523.89,"endTime":528.21,"body":"that we know very well,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":528.21,"endTime":531.42,"body":"but the people in it didn't know it."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":531.42,"endTime":534.12,"body":"So here's another little bit,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":534.12,"endTime":536.4,"body":"this is from \"Wolf Hall,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":536.4,"endTime":540.84,"body":"and another example of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":536.4,"endTime":540.84,"body":"how she uses the present,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":540.84,"endTime":543.75,"body":"and Cromwell's lens upon it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":543.75,"endTime":546.51,"body":"but also how she does something"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":546.51,"endTime":548.22,"body":"which other historical novelists,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":548.22,"endTime":549.053,"body":"including some"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":549.053,"endTime":551.79,"body":"were going to look at"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":549.053,"endTime":551.79,"body":"extracts from this evening,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":551.79,"endTime":553.11,"body":"have really struggled to do,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":553.11,"endTime":557.07,"body":"which is, how do you turn"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":553.11,"endTime":557.07,"body":"research into fiction?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":557.07,"endTime":560.4,"body":"Mantel became famous and formidable"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":560.4,"endTime":563.55,"body":"for the incredible amount of research"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":563.55,"endTime":565.62,"body":"that she did for these novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":565.62,"endTime":569.19,"body":"and for her ability to claim"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":569.19,"endTime":572.07,"body":"that nothing she wrote in any of them"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":572.07,"endTime":577.07,"body":"ever contradicted what historians"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":572.07,"endTime":577.07,"body":"could declare to be fact."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":579.06,"endTime":582.36,"body":"Here is, we're after"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":579.06,"endTime":582.36,"body":"Cardinal Wolsey's death,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":582.36,"endTime":586.62,"body":"and remember, we're in Cromwell's head,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":586.62,"endTime":590.197,"body":"although we're in a"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":586.62,"endTime":590.197,"body":"third person narration."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":590.197,"endTime":595.197,"body":"\"The cardinal's scarlet clothes"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":590.197,"endTime":595.197,"body":"now lie folded and empty."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":595.237,"endTime":596.857,"body":"\"They cannot be wasted."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":596.857,"endTime":599.287,"body":"\"They will be cut up and"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":596.857,"endTime":599.287,"body":"become other garments."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":599.287,"endTime":602.587,"body":"\"Who knows where they will"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":599.287,"endTime":602.587,"body":"get to over the years?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":602.587,"endTime":604.957,"body":"\"Your eye will be taken"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":602.587,"endTime":604.957,"body":"by a crimson cushion"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":604.957,"endTime":607.477,"body":"\"or a patch of red on a banner or ensign,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":607.477,"endTime":608.737,"body":"\"you will see a glimpse of them"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":608.737,"endTime":609.937,"body":"\"in a man's inner sleeve"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":609.937,"endTime":612.787,"body":"\"or in the flash of a whore's petticoat."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":612.787,"endTime":616.117,"body":"\"Another man would go to"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":612.787,"endTime":616.117,"body":"Leicester to see where he died"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":616.117,"endTime":617.677,"body":"\"and talk to the abbot."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":617.677,"endTime":620.317,"body":"\"Another man would have"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":617.677,"endTime":620.317,"body":"trouble imagining it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":620.317,"endTime":622.2,"body":"\"but he has no trouble,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":622.2,"endTime":624.093,"body":"he of course is Thomas Cromwell."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":624.93,"endTime":627.42,"body":"It tells us, in a way, this passage,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":627.42,"endTime":630.9,"body":"something that Mantel"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":627.42,"endTime":630.9,"body":"must have found out about"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":630.9,"endTime":631.8,"body":"through her reading,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":631.8,"endTime":634.743,"body":"about the value of textiles"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":631.8,"endTime":634.743,"body":"in the 16th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":635.94,"endTime":638.1,"body":"particularly the scarlet,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":638.1,"endTime":642.63,"body":"the rich, scarlet textiles of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":638.1,"endTime":642.63,"body":"Cardinal Wolsey's clothing,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":642.63,"endTime":646.59,"body":"which is going to be, as"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":642.63,"endTime":646.59,"body":"we would say, recycled."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":646.59,"endTime":650.91,"body":"But of course, it's not inert"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":646.59,"endTime":650.91,"body":"information here, is it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":650.91,"endTime":654.87,"body":"that's what's so good about"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":650.91,"endTime":654.87,"body":"her as an historical novelist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":654.87,"endTime":656.94,"body":"it's a path of thinking"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":656.94,"endTime":658.59,"body":"in the main character's head."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":658.59,"endTime":659.423,"body":"He's obsessed,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":659.423,"endTime":662.1,"body":"Cardinal Wolsey's his patron,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":662.1,"endTime":664.02,"body":"he's Wolsey's protege,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":664.02,"endTime":665.25,"body":"Cardinal Wolsey,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":665.25,"endTime":667.86,"body":"he's perhaps the only man in England"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":667.86,"endTime":669.63,"body":"who loves Cardinal Wolsey,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":669.63,"endTime":673.17,"body":"and all those bits of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":669.63,"endTime":673.17,"body":"fabric that he will glimpse"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":673.17,"endTime":675.57,"body":"will be reminders for Cromwell"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":675.57,"endTime":679.62,"body":"of the man he so much admires."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":679.62,"endTime":682.83,"body":"Research into fiction is a tricky thing,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":682.83,"endTime":684.57,"body":"and we will find examples in a second"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":684.57,"endTime":688.23,"body":"of where research has stayed"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":684.57,"endTime":688.23,"body":"pretty much like research"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":688.23,"endTime":689.643,"body":"on the novelist's page."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":690.78,"endTime":694.5,"body":"So, historical fiction now seems something"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":694.5,"endTime":697.17,"body":"we're willing to take very seriously."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":697.17,"endTime":698.91,"body":"Hilary Mantel wrote a lot of novels"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":698.91,"endTime":700.74,"body":"before she wrote \"Wolf Hall,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":700.74,"endTime":703.35,"body":"and if you haven't read any of them,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":703.35,"endTime":706.5,"body":"they're mostly really, really good,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":706.5,"endTime":709.503,"body":"but it was here, with this novel,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":709.503,"endTime":713.313,"body":"that she suddenly became,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":709.503,"endTime":713.313,"body":"really quite suddenly,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":714.67,"endTime":719.657,"body":"a kind of grande dame of British fiction."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":720.63,"endTime":724.773,"body":"And I played a tiny, walk-on role in that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":726.09,"endTime":729.3,"body":"my only sort of brush with immortality,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":729.3,"endTime":732.3,"body":"and it is entirely a vicarious one,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":732.3,"endTime":734.7,"body":"because she won the Booker Prize in 2009,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":734.7,"endTime":736.623,"body":"and I was one of the judges."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":738.33,"endTime":742.53,"body":"This is the Man Booker Foundation,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":742.53,"endTime":745.74,"body":"they did this as a"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":742.53,"endTime":745.74,"body":"publicity photo at the time,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":745.74,"endTime":750.74,"body":"and there are the six novels"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":745.74,"endTime":750.74,"body":"that were on the shortlist."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":751.11,"endTime":753.87,"body":"And I'm going to say something"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":751.11,"endTime":753.87,"body":"briefly about them in a second"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":753.87,"endTime":756.18,"body":"because the shortlist that year,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":756.18,"endTime":759.39,"body":"from which Mantel emerged as the winner,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":759.39,"endTime":760.65,"body":"tells us something, I think,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":760.65,"endTime":764.877,"body":"about the history of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":760.65,"endTime":764.877,"body":"historical fiction, as it were."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":764.877,"endTime":767.37,"body":"And we had to line up, in 2009,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":767.37,"endTime":768.87,"body":"once the shortlist was declared,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":768.87,"endTime":771.12,"body":"each of us clutching a volume."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":771.12,"endTime":774.24,"body":"Jim Naughtie got to hold"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":771.12,"endTime":774.24,"body":"\"Wolf Hall,\" of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":774.24,"endTime":776.58,"body":"he said, \"Ah, I'll have that one.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":776.58,"endTime":777.57,"body":"I can't even remember,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":777.57,"endTime":779.67,"body":"oh yes, I had Sarah Waters,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":779.67,"endTime":780.72,"body":"which I really love,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":780.72,"endTime":781.913,"body":"Sarah Waters' \"A Little Stranger,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":781.913,"endTime":783.27,"body":"I think I got that one."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":783.27,"endTime":784.53,"body":"Anyway, we all stood,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":784.53,"endTime":785.94,"body":"I've never been to a press conference,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":785.94,"endTime":788.46,"body":"before or since, I have to say,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":788.46,"endTime":793.46,"body":"and I hadn't realized"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":788.46,"endTime":793.46,"body":"that, at press conferences,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":793.56,"endTime":797.64,"body":"journalists ask slightly"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":793.56,"endTime":797.64,"body":"unpleasant questions,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":797.64,"endTime":799.98,"body":"they're not there to ask nice questions,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":799.98,"endTime":804.697,"body":"and of them started pointing out,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":804.697,"endTime":806.16,"body":"\"Oh, they're all historical novels,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":806.16,"endTime":808.582,"body":"or most of them are historical novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":808.582,"endTime":811.89,"body":"\"Why can't you read novels"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":808.582,"endTime":811.89,"body":"which are about things now?\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":811.89,"endTime":813.87,"body":"I remember someone saying."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":813.87,"endTime":817.65,"body":"And it is true, to go through them,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":817.65,"endTime":820.26,"body":"Sarah Waters' \"The Little Stranger,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":820.26,"endTime":822.6,"body":"it's a wonderful sort of ghost story"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":822.6,"endTime":824.61,"body":"narrated by rural GP,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":824.61,"endTime":826.23,"body":"first person narrative,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":826.23,"endTime":829.65,"body":"who becomes involved with"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":826.23,"endTime":829.65,"body":"a local landowning family"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":829.65,"endTime":830.67,"body":"in Warwickshire,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":830.67,"endTime":833.58,"body":"but the crucial thing, it's set in 1947,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":833.58,"endTime":836.55,"body":"it's about a new world, post-war world,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":836.55,"endTime":838.47,"body":"it's set in 1947,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":838.47,"endTime":843.47,"body":"so just over 60 years earlier"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":846.45,"endTime":851.45,"body":"than the time when it's published, 2009."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":851.82,"endTime":853.38,"body":"And remember that 60 years"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":853.38,"endTime":854.73,"body":"because we'll be coming back to it."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":854.73,"endTime":857.82,"body":"Adam Foulds' \"The Quickening Maze,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":857.82,"endTime":862.82,"body":"which had the virtue of being"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":857.82,"endTime":862.82,"body":"the shortest of the novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":863.04,"endTime":864.9,"body":"that's set in the 1840s,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":864.9,"endTime":869.25,"body":"it mostly focuses on the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":864.9,"endTime":869.25,"body":"rural, so-called peasant poet"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":869.25,"endTime":870.083,"body":"John Clare,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":870.083,"endTime":872.91,"body":"who was a patient in a mental"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":870.083,"endTime":872.91,"body":"asylum in Epping Forest,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":872.91,"endTime":874.14,"body":"along, actually,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":874.14,"endTime":876.3,"body":"with the brother of the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":874.14,"endTime":876.3,"body":"poet Alfred Tennyson,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":876.3,"endTime":879.693,"body":"who makes a walk-on"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":876.3,"endTime":879.693,"body":"appearance in the novel."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":880.83,"endTime":882.81,"body":"One feature, often, of historical novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":882.81,"endTime":884.94,"body":"particularly those set"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":882.81,"endTime":884.94,"body":"more than a century ago,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":884.94,"endTime":888.48,"body":"is that famous people have walk-on parts."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":888.48,"endTime":890.943,"body":"A.S. Byatt's \"The Children's Book\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":892.77,"endTime":894.69,"body":"is set in the 1890s"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":894.69,"endTime":897.51,"body":"running up to, ending around 1919,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":897.51,"endTime":898.83,"body":"after the First World War,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":898.83,"endTime":899.88,"body":"it's about the fortunes"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":899.88,"endTime":904.86,"body":"of a bohemian and sexually"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":899.88,"endTime":904.86,"body":"badly behaved family"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":904.86,"endTime":907.02,"body":"who do art, and write children's books,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":907.02,"endTime":908.76,"body":"and make paintings,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":908.76,"endTime":910.533,"body":"mostly in rural Kent,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":913.79,"endTime":915.12,"body":"and it has walk-on parts"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":915.12,"endTime":916.38,"body":"of people like J.M. Barrie,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":916.38,"endTime":917.973,"body":"I think appears in it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":919.336,"endTime":922.14,"body":"other famous writers appear in it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":922.14,"endTime":924.843,"body":"I think Virginia Woolf"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":922.14,"endTime":924.843,"body":"appears in it near the end,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":926.19,"endTime":928.59,"body":"and so last decade of 19th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":928.59,"endTime":931.5,"body":"first two decades of the 20th century."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":931.5,"endTime":934.53,"body":"Simon Moore's \"The Glass Room\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":934.53,"endTime":935.64,"body":"is about a house,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":935.64,"endTime":936.96,"body":"it's about a modernist house"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":936.96,"endTime":938.61,"body":"in what's now Czechoslovakia,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":938.61,"endTime":940.98,"body":"sorry, what's now the Czech Republic"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":940.98,"endTime":942.75,"body":"but was then Czechoslovakia,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":942.75,"endTime":944.749,"body":"and it starts in the 1930s,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":944.749,"endTime":947.22,"body":"when it's built,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":947.22,"endTime":948.72,"body":"and it's about the people who live in it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":948.72,"endTime":953.34,"body":"including a group of Nazis in the 1940s,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":953.34,"endTime":955.02,"body":"and it spans about 50 years,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":955.02,"endTime":958.98,"body":"but it mostly takes place"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":955.02,"endTime":958.98,"body":"in the '30s, '40s, and '50s."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":958.98,"endTime":961.44,"body":"And \"Wolf Hall,\" of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":961.44,"endTime":965.55,"body":"the fortunes and maneuvers"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":961.44,"endTime":965.55,"body":"of Thomas Cromwell."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":965.55,"endTime":967.62,"body":"Actually, they said that"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":967.62,"endTime":969.42,"body":"five of them were historical novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":969.42,"endTime":972.96,"body":"and I hope I've described"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":969.42,"endTime":972.96,"body":"how indeed that's the case,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":972.96,"endTime":974.37,"body":"but the sixth one,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":974.37,"endTime":978.54,"body":"J.M. Coetzee's sort of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":974.37,"endTime":978.54,"body":"auto-fiction \"Summertime,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":978.54,"endTime":983.067,"body":"actually, even that is set"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":978.54,"endTime":983.067,"body":"almost all in the 1970s,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":984.06,"endTime":987.78,"body":"so is three or four decades in the past,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":987.78,"endTime":991.77,"body":"almost historical, we might say."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":991.77,"endTime":995.22,"body":"And that slightly hostile question"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":995.22,"endTime":997.32,"body":"from the hacks in the room"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":997.32,"endTime":1001.733,"body":"passed into quite a lot"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":997.32,"endTime":1001.733,"body":"of the coverage of it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1003.71,"endTime":1006.56,"body":"what's with this historical stuff?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1006.56,"endTime":1011.427,"body":"And here's an article the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1006.56,"endTime":1011.427,"body":"next day in \"The Times,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1011.427,"endTime":1013.91,"body":"\"Tale of Tudor intrigue is hot favorite,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1013.91,"endTime":1015.267,"body":"well, they were right about that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1015.267,"endTime":1017.87,"body":"\"as judges rewrite Booker Prize history,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1017.87,"endTime":1022.103,"body":"that's a sort of \"Times\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1017.87,"endTime":1022.103,"body":"version of wordplay."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1023.24,"endTime":1025.017,"body":"But this is the thing"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1023.24,"endTime":1025.017,"body":"I want you to look at,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1025.017,"endTime":1026.068,"body":"\"Shortlist,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1026.068,"endTime":1026.901,"body":"I don't know if it's legible,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1026.901,"endTime":1030.68,"body":"\"Shortlist dominated by form once taboo,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1030.68,"endTime":1032.753,"body":"that's what the subs decided,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1034.622,"endTime":1035.6,"body":"the subs on the desk"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1035.6,"endTime":1038.39,"body":"decided that's what this"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1035.6,"endTime":1038.39,"body":"article was really about."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1038.39,"endTime":1040.057,"body":"The form once taboo, of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1040.057,"endTime":1042.17,"body":"is the historical novel,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1042.17,"endTime":1044.33,"body":"and the article itself,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1044.33,"endTime":1046.253,"body":"this is just a little quote from it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1048.41,"endTime":1053.18,"body":"pinpointed the surprising,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1048.41,"endTime":1053.18,"body":"interesting fact"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1053.18,"endTime":1056.6,"body":"that historical fiction"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1053.18,"endTime":1056.6,"body":"was back in the frame"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1056.6,"endTime":1058.587,"body":"as something to take seriously."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1058.587,"endTime":1061.077,"body":"\"When the Booker Prize"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1058.587,"endTime":1061.077,"body":"was set up 40 years ago"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1061.077,"endTime":1063.447,"body":"\"to reward fine literary fiction,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1063.447,"endTime":1064.527,"body":"\"historical novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1064.527,"endTime":1066.837,"body":"\"like crime stories,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1064.527,"endTime":1066.837,"body":"thrillers, and romances,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1066.837,"endTime":1069.92,"body":"\"were considered unworthy"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1066.837,"endTime":1069.92,"body":"of consideration.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1069.92,"endTime":1071.27,"body":"I think the subs missed that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1071.27,"endTime":1073.94,"body":"considered unworthy of consideration,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1073.94,"endTime":1076.28,"body":"it's not euphonious English prose,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1076.28,"endTime":1077.577,"body":"but still,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1077.577,"endTime":1080.517,"body":"\"Yesterday, the judges"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1077.577,"endTime":1080.517,"body":"for this year's prize"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1080.517,"endTime":1081.687,"body":"\"announced a shortlist"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1081.687,"endTime":1084.177,"body":"\"anchored more firmly in the past"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1084.177,"endTime":1085.737,"body":"\"than any before,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1085.737,"endTime":1088.977,"body":"\"final proof that the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1085.737,"endTime":1088.977,"body":"snobbery that used to confront"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1088.977,"endTime":1090.957,"body":"\"writers of historical fiction"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1090.957,"endTime":1092.417,"body":"\"is now dead.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1093.5,"endTime":1096.83,"body":"Well, I think the story's a"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1093.5,"endTime":1096.83,"body":"bit more complicated than that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1096.83,"endTime":1099.71,"body":"in ways which you might want to ask about"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1099.71,"endTime":1101.15,"body":"in the Q\u0026A at the end,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1101.15,"endTime":1102.62,"body":"and there are novelists,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1102.62,"endTime":1103.453,"body":"I don't know,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1103.453,"endTime":1107.27,"body":"William Golding did quite well"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1103.453,"endTime":1107.27,"body":"on Booker Prize shortlists"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1107.27,"endTime":1108.77,"body":"with novels which were historical,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1108.77,"endTime":1110.702,"body":"but still, still,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1110.702,"endTime":1115.702,"body":"there's obviously some"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1110.702,"endTime":1115.702,"body":"truth, some kind of momentum"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1117.44,"endTime":1119.127,"body":"in this sort of narrative."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1119.127,"endTime":1121.37,"body":"\"Wolf Hall,\" after all,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1121.37,"endTime":1124.16,"body":"was an historical novel"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1121.37,"endTime":1124.16,"body":"in the fullest sense,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1124.16,"endTime":1127.31,"body":"not only set in the historical past,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1127.31,"endTime":1131.09,"body":"a time beyond the memory of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1127.31,"endTime":1131.09,"body":"anybody who would read it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1131.09,"endTime":1134.033,"body":"but featuring famous historical figures."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1134.96,"endTime":1136.67,"body":"This is the method pioneered"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1136.67,"endTime":1139.55,"body":"by somebody that we're going"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1136.67,"endTime":1139.55,"body":"to come to in a second,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1139.55,"endTime":1140.9,"body":"Walter Scott,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1140.9,"endTime":1143.78,"body":"used by Dickens and other Victorians,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1143.78,"endTime":1145.13,"body":"like George Eliot,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1145.13,"endTime":1149.33,"body":"whose fictional characters"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1145.13,"endTime":1149.33,"body":"brush against real ones."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1149.33,"endTime":1152.93,"body":"Incidentally, it's the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1149.33,"endTime":1152.93,"body":"version of historical fiction"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1152.93,"endTime":1157.43,"body":"much approved by the great"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1152.93,"endTime":1157.43,"body":"Marxist theorist of fiction"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1157.43,"endTime":1159.2,"body":"Gyorgy Lukacs,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1159.2,"endTime":1160.73,"body":"the Hungarian Gyorgy Lukacs,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1160.73,"endTime":1162.17,"body":"who wrote this once famous book,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1162.17,"endTime":1163.67,"body":"which I don't think people read anymore,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1163.67,"endTime":1166.04,"body":"called \"The Historical Novel,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1166.04,"endTime":1170.33,"body":"which, weirdly, takes"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1166.04,"endTime":1170.33,"body":"the work of Walter Scott,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1170.33,"endTime":1175.33,"body":"a Tory monarchist, a"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1170.33,"endTime":1175.33,"body":"Tory unionist monarchist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1176.6,"endTime":1178.19,"body":"now a bit of an embarrassment"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1178.19,"endTime":1179.57,"body":"to the people who rule Scotland,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1179.57,"endTime":1183.323,"body":"his great big statue"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1179.57,"endTime":1183.323,"body":"outside Waverley Station,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1184.55,"endTime":1186.44,"body":"Lukacs, the Marxist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1186.44,"endTime":1190.61,"body":"took Scott as history's leading example"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1190.61,"endTime":1193.73,"body":"of how historical novels"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1190.61,"endTime":1193.73,"body":"should be made to work."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1193.73,"endTime":1196.25,"body":"He thought that Scott was actually,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1196.25,"endTime":1198.26,"body":"hardly knowing it perhaps,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1198.26,"endTime":1200.99,"body":"writing about the class struggles"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1200.99,"endTime":1204.41,"body":"that formed European history."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1204.41,"endTime":1207.74,"body":"So, we're going to go"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1204.41,"endTime":1207.74,"body":"back to Scott in a second"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1207.74,"endTime":1209.09,"body":"and see how it could be"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1209.09,"endTime":1213.41,"body":"that historical fiction's gone"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1209.09,"endTime":1213.41,"body":"through a strange trajectory,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1213.41,"endTime":1215.93,"body":"from being the best, to the worst,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1215.93,"endTime":1218.12,"body":"to the most interesting again."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1218.12,"endTime":1220.31,"body":"But before we do so,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1220.31,"endTime":1225.31,"body":"we need to focus on what"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1220.31,"endTime":1225.31,"body":"the problem is, I think,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1226.46,"endTime":1227.66,"body":"for historical fiction,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1227.66,"endTime":1232.66,"body":"and it's best summed up by"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1227.66,"endTime":1232.66,"body":"one of my favorite stooges,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1232.97,"endTime":1234.44,"body":"Henry James,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1234.44,"endTime":1237.29,"body":"who usually has something"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1234.44,"endTime":1237.29,"body":"interesting, often wrong,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1237.29,"endTime":1240.11,"body":"but still always interesting to say"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1240.11,"endTime":1243.62,"body":"about whatever genre or"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1240.11,"endTime":1243.62,"body":"movement we want to look at."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1243.62,"endTime":1244.67,"body":"And here he is,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1244.67,"endTime":1246.56,"body":"he's writing to good friend of his,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1246.56,"endTime":1250.79,"body":"the novelist Sarah Orne"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1246.56,"endTime":1250.79,"body":"Jewett, an American novelist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1250.79,"endTime":1255.79,"body":"and she had sent him a"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1250.79,"endTime":1255.79,"body":"copy of her latest novel,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1256.22,"endTime":1258.14,"body":"which was her first historical novel."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1258.14,"endTime":1261.05,"body":"It's called, brilliant title,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1261.05,"endTime":1262.16,"body":"I haven't read it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1262.16,"endTime":1263.63,"body":"I've read a resume of it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1263.63,"endTime":1265.52,"body":"but it has got a great title,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1265.52,"endTime":1266.51,"body":"I kid you not,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1266.51,"endTime":1269.847,"body":"her new novel was called, in 1901,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1269.847,"endTime":1271.547,"body":"\"The Tory Lover,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1272.78,"endTime":1274.97,"body":"which is brilliantly ambiguous, isn't it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1274.97,"endTime":1277.88,"body":"is it the Tory lover, or the Tory lover?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1277.88,"endTime":1278.96,"body":"I'm not sure,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1278.96,"endTime":1280.22,"body":"but it's set in Maine"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1280.22,"endTime":1282.55,"body":"during the Wars of the American Revolution"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1282.55,"endTime":1285.41,"body":"in the late 18th century."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1285.41,"endTime":1290.41,"body":"And James replied to"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1285.41,"endTime":1290.41,"body":"her, perhaps tactlessly,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1290.66,"endTime":1292.79,"body":"but for us interestingly,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1292.79,"endTime":1294.89,"body":"what are you doing?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1294.89,"endTime":1296.87,"body":"I mean, in his Jamesian way,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1296.87,"endTime":1297.86,"body":"he's saying to her,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1297.86,"endTime":1301.077,"body":"what are you doing writing"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1297.86,"endTime":1301.077,"body":"historical fiction?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1301.077,"endTime":1303.83,"body":"\"The historical novel,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1303.83,"endTime":1305.967,"body":"in inverted commas, his inverted commas,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1305.967,"endTime":1310.257,"body":"\"The historical novel"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1305.967,"endTime":1310.257,"body":"is, for me, condemned,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1310.257,"endTime":1313.797,"body":"\"even in cases of labor"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1310.257,"endTime":1313.797,"body":"as delicate as yours,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1313.797,"endTime":1317.007,"body":"\"to a fatal cheapness."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1317.007,"endTime":1319.437,"body":"\"You may multiply the little facts"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1319.437,"endTime":1322.437,"body":"\"that can be got from"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1319.437,"endTime":1322.437,"body":"pictures and documents,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1322.437,"endTime":1323.667,"body":"\"relics and prints"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1323.667,"endTime":1325.04,"body":"\"as much as you like,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1325.04,"endTime":1327.837,"body":"the research, one might say,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1327.837,"endTime":1332.817,"body":"\"the real thing is"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1327.837,"endTime":1332.817,"body":"almost impossible to do,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1332.817,"endTime":1334.347,"body":"\"and in its essence,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1334.347,"endTime":1336.327,"body":"\"the whole effect is as nought."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1336.327,"endTime":1337.947,"body":"\"I mean, the invention,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1337.947,"endTime":1341.24,"body":"\"the representation of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1337.947,"endTime":1341.24,"body":"the old consciousness,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1341.24,"endTime":1342.747,"body":"those are his capital letters,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1342.747,"endTime":1345.087,"body":"\"the soul, the sense, the horizon,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1345.087,"endTime":1346.587,"body":"\"the vision of individuals"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1346.587,"endTime":1349.467,"body":"\"in whose minds half the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1346.587,"endTime":1349.467,"body":"things that make ours,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1349.467,"endTime":1350.637,"body":"\"that make the modern world,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1350.637,"endTime":1351.887,"body":"\"were non-existent.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1353.72,"endTime":1356.54,"body":"If Hilary Mantel does,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1353.72,"endTime":1356.54,"body":"or tries to do anything,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1356.54,"endTime":1360.59,"body":"it's the consciousness of a"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1356.54,"endTime":1360.59,"body":"person in the past, isn't it."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1360.59,"endTime":1363.927,"body":"Henry James says you can't do it."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1363.927,"endTime":1368.397,"body":"\"You have to think with"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1363.927,"endTime":1368.397,"body":"your modern apparatus,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1368.397,"endTime":1370.947,"body":"\"a man, a woman, or rather 50,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1370.947,"endTime":1374.517,"body":"\"whose own thinking was"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1370.947,"endTime":1374.517,"body":"intensely otherwise conditioned,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1374.517,"endTime":1378.177,"body":"\"you have to simplify back"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1374.517,"endTime":1378.177,"body":"by an amazing tour de force,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1378.177,"endTime":1380.447,"body":"\"and even then, it's all humbug.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1382.1,"endTime":1383.54,"body":"How can a novelist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1383.54,"endTime":1384.77,"body":"great passage,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1384.77,"endTime":1387.2,"body":"I don't know what poor, old Sarah thought,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1387.2,"endTime":1388.73,"body":"I mean, she'd written a novel,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1388.73,"endTime":1392.27,"body":"she finished it, published it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1392.27,"endTime":1395.0,"body":"how can a novel imagine"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1395.0,"endTime":1398.903,"body":"how people in the distant"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1395.0,"endTime":1398.903,"body":"past might have thought?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1399.86,"endTime":1403.1,"body":"And a pressing problem connected with that"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1403.1,"endTime":1404.69,"body":"which I want to look at,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1404.69,"endTime":1406.94,"body":"how can a novel"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1406.94,"endTime":1410.573,"body":"imagine how people might"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1406.94,"endTime":1410.573,"body":"have spoken as well?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1412.73,"endTime":1414.95,"body":"Now, there can't be,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1414.95,"endTime":1416.45,"body":"I've mentioned him already,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1416.45,"endTime":1421.45,"body":"there can't be a novelist"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1416.45,"endTime":1421.45,"body":"to rival Walter Scott"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1421.7,"endTime":1425.57,"body":"in his influence or his"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1421.7,"endTime":1425.57,"body":"fall from greatness."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1425.57,"endTime":1426.89,"body":"On the title slide,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1426.89,"endTime":1429.86,"body":"I saw that we've called"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1426.89,"endTime":1429.86,"body":"him Sir Walter Scott,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1429.86,"endTime":1433.07,"body":"although, for a good chunk of his career"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1433.07,"endTime":1434.06,"body":"as a historical novelist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1434.06,"endTime":1436.1,"body":"he wasn't Sir Walter, he was just Walter,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1436.1,"endTime":1439.878,"body":"he got made Sir Walter I think in 1820"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1439.878,"endTime":1444.533,"body":"by a grateful Prince"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1439.878,"endTime":1444.533,"body":"Regent, become George IV,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1446.72,"endTime":1450.02,"body":"who thought that Walter Scott,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1450.02,"endTime":1451.208,"body":"thought his novels were okay,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1451.208,"endTime":1453.23,"body":"but also, he thought he did great things"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1453.23,"endTime":1458.23,"body":"for the unionist cause"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1453.23,"endTime":1458.23,"body":"north of the border."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1459.805,"endTime":1464.805,"body":"The reasons why Scott"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1459.805,"endTime":1464.805,"body":"went from being regarded,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1467.0,"endTime":1469.31,"body":"generally, throughout Europe,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1469.31,"endTime":1471.47,"body":"as the greatest living novelist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1471.47,"endTime":1472.52,"body":"he went from being that"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1472.52,"endTime":1475.55,"body":"to somebody that I can guarantee,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1475.55,"endTime":1476.96,"body":"I think I can guarantee"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1476.96,"endTime":1480.8,"body":"that not a single one"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1476.96,"endTime":1480.8,"body":"of my students at UCL,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1480.8,"endTime":1482.9,"body":"some of whom are actually quite well read,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1482.9,"endTime":1484.13,"body":"who study English literature,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1484.13,"endTime":1485.24,"body":"I'd pretty much guarantee"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1485.24,"endTime":1486.29,"body":"that not a single one of them"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1486.29,"endTime":1487.94,"body":"would have read a Walter Scott novel."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1487.94,"endTime":1489.86,"body":"They only read them if"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1487.94,"endTime":1489.86,"body":"we tell them they have to"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1489.86,"endTime":1491.513,"body":"for the exam."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1493.01,"endTime":1497.13,"body":"And the reason for his high standing"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1498.26,"endTime":1500.24,"body":"in the 19th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1500.24,"endTime":1502.79,"body":"maybe this is also the reason"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1502.79,"endTime":1506.63,"body":"for his tumble down the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1502.79,"endTime":1506.63,"body":"literary chart since,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1506.63,"endTime":1510.65,"body":"was that he really invented"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1506.63,"endTime":1510.65,"body":"historical fiction."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1510.65,"endTime":1512.27,"body":"Sure, novels in the 18th century"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1512.27,"endTime":1514.34,"body":"had been officially set in the past,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1514.34,"endTime":1517.49,"body":"but they weren't much"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1514.34,"endTime":1517.49,"body":"interested in that past."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1517.49,"endTime":1519.29,"body":"If you read Daniel Defoe novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1519.29,"endTime":1520.43,"body":"written in the 18th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1520.43,"endTime":1522.17,"body":"officially set in the 17th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1522.17,"endTime":1523.88,"body":"but he's not at all interested"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1523.88,"endTime":1526.52,"body":"in finding out or telling you"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1526.52,"endTime":1530.063,"body":"what that past, for him, was like."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1531.14,"endTime":1535.01,"body":"And Scott's invention"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1535.01,"endTime":1538.04,"body":"was really widely"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1535.01,"endTime":1538.04,"body":"recognized and celebrated."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1538.04,"endTime":1540.5,"body":"The phrase historical novel"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1540.5,"endTime":1545.06,"body":"was first used in English in 1826,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1545.06,"endTime":1547.97,"body":"in an Edinburgh magazine,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1545.06,"endTime":1547.97,"body":"\"Blackwood's Magazine,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1547.97,"endTime":1552.95,"body":"to refer to the genre"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1547.97,"endTime":1552.95,"body":"that Scott had spawned."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1552.95,"endTime":1557.21,"body":"He began, in 1814, with this,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1557.21,"endTime":1558.98,"body":"it's the title page of the first edition"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1558.98,"endTime":1563.98,"body":"of \"Waverley, or 'Tis Sixty Years Since,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1566.24,"endTime":1570.74,"body":"And it's a novel in which"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1566.24,"endTime":1570.74,"body":"Scott's wavering hero,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1570.74,"endTime":1572.57,"body":"Edward Waverley,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1572.57,"endTime":1573.77,"body":"he's a young idealist"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1573.77,"endTime":1575.09,"body":"who reads too much poetry"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1575.09,"endTime":1577.67,"body":"and too many romantic tales of the past,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1577.67,"endTime":1579.89,"body":"and thus gets drawn,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1579.89,"endTime":1582.29,"body":"almost without knowing it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1582.29,"endTime":1587.29,"body":"into the 1745 Jacobite"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1582.29,"endTime":1587.29,"body":"Rebellion against George II."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1589.34,"endTime":1592.67,"body":"So actually, you'll see \"Sixty"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1589.34,"endTime":1592.67,"body":"Years Since\" isn't accurate."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1592.67,"endTime":1596.27,"body":"It was accurate when Scott"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1592.67,"endTime":1596.27,"body":"first started writing the novel,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1596.27,"endTime":1597.8,"body":"but by the time it was published,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1597.8,"endTime":1600.2,"body":"it was 70 years since."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1600.2,"endTime":1601.55,"body":"And I suggested"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1601.55,"endTime":1605.57,"body":"60 years was an interesting"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1601.55,"endTime":1605.57,"body":"thing to think about as a span"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1605.57,"endTime":1608.87,"body":"because it's a bit of British history"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1608.87,"endTime":1611.21,"body":"that Scott was concerned to return to,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1611.21,"endTime":1614.51,"body":"it's the biggest bit of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1611.21,"endTime":1614.51,"body":"British history where,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1614.51,"endTime":1616.283,"body":"for a person like him,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1617.78,"endTime":1621.29,"body":"people in Scotland, and"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1617.78,"endTime":1621.29,"body":"to some extent England,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1621.29,"endTime":1625.553,"body":"had their biggest go at a revolution,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1627.32,"endTime":1628.883,"body":"which was defeated."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1629.99,"endTime":1632.18,"body":"But also, 60 years,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1632.18,"endTime":1633.86,"body":"becoming 70 years,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1633.86,"endTime":1634.693,"body":"for Scott,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1634.693,"endTime":1636.05,"body":"was interesting, I think,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1636.05,"endTime":1641.05,"body":"because it meant that even"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1636.05,"endTime":1641.05,"body":"his older readers themselves"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1642.05,"endTime":1644.45,"body":"would have no adult memory of events,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1644.45,"endTime":1646.61,"body":"so it places,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1646.61,"endTime":1650.54,"body":"in an age of shorter lifespans"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1646.61,"endTime":1650.54,"body":"than now is the case,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1650.54,"endTime":1653.69,"body":"it places the events"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1650.54,"endTime":1653.69,"body":"just beyond the horizon"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1653.69,"endTime":1656.843,"body":"of the adult recollection of the reader."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1658.34,"endTime":1660.41,"body":"Now, Waverley's involvement,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1660.41,"endTime":1662.93,"body":"we know as we read it 'cause it's history,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1662.93,"endTime":1664.01,"body":"we know what happened,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1664.01,"endTime":1667.43,"body":"or the readers in 1814"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1664.01,"endTime":1667.43,"body":"certainly know what's happened,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1667.43,"endTime":1669.59,"body":"they know the rebellion will fail,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1669.59,"endTime":1672.86,"body":"they know that Waverley's"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1669.59,"endTime":1672.86,"body":"ideals are intoxicating,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1672.86,"endTime":1674.063,"body":"but are doomed."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1675.68,"endTime":1680.49,"body":"And my great friend and"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1675.68,"endTime":1680.49,"body":"fellow Scott aficionado"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1681.74,"endTime":1682.61,"body":"John Sutherland,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1682.61,"endTime":1684.98,"body":"in his biography of Walter Scott,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1684.98,"endTime":1688.22,"body":"which I recommend to you if"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1684.98,"endTime":1688.22,"body":"you're interested in Scott,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1688.22,"endTime":1689.33,"body":"points out that, of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1689.33,"endTime":1691.34,"body":"because Waverley's going to be the hero,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1691.34,"endTime":1694.4,"body":"he's got to be happily"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1691.34,"endTime":1694.4,"body":"married off at the end,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1694.4,"endTime":1696.23,"body":"he's got to learn the errors of his ways,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1696.23,"endTime":1697.88,"body":"but also be rewarded,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1697.88,"endTime":1700.34,"body":"so when he fights for the Jacobites"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1700.34,"endTime":1703.07,"body":"in a battle against"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1700.34,"endTime":1703.07,"body":"British Hanoverian troops,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1703.07,"endTime":1704.51,"body":"he manages to be really brave"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1704.51,"endTime":1706.31,"body":"but not kill anybody."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1706.31,"endTime":1709.79,"body":"So he just goes through the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1706.31,"endTime":1709.79,"body":"whole battle rescuing people,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1709.79,"endTime":1711.953,"body":"but apparently not killing anybody."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1713.96,"endTime":1718.55,"body":"Scott, this was the first of his novels,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1718.55,"endTime":1721.58,"body":"and it gave its name, in some ways,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1721.58,"endTime":1724.01,"body":"to the rest of his novels."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1724.01,"endTime":1726.89,"body":"I remember both my grandfathers,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1726.89,"endTime":1731.39,"body":"both difficult, in their"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1726.89,"endTime":1731.39,"body":"different ways, men,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1731.39,"endTime":1733.7,"body":"were Scott aficionados,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1733.7,"endTime":1736.553,"body":"they both had, as I'm sure lots of,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1737.57,"endTime":1739.58,"body":"one of them was born at"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1737.57,"endTime":1739.58,"body":"the end of the 1890s,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1739.58,"endTime":1741.56,"body":"one was born in 1900,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1741.56,"endTime":1744.92,"body":"and like many men and some women,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1744.92,"endTime":1747.14,"body":"but particularly men of that generation,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1747.14,"endTime":1751.16,"body":"they each had a complete"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1747.14,"endTime":1751.16,"body":"set of the \"Waverley\" novels"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1751.16,"endTime":1751.993,"body":"on their bookshelf,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1751.993,"endTime":1753.443,"body":"that was sort of standard,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1754.49,"endTime":1758.48,"body":"but it's a very old"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1754.49,"endTime":1758.48,"body":"fashioned and odd taste now."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1758.48,"endTime":1760.67,"body":"It was confirmed to me,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1760.67,"endTime":1765.38,"body":"recently, I read A.N."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1760.67,"endTime":1765.38,"body":"Wilson's very readable memoir,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1765.38,"endTime":1768.17,"body":"and very self-damning memoir,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1768.17,"endTime":1769.917,"body":"entertainingly self-damning memoir,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1769.917,"endTime":1771.26,"body":"\"Confessions,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1771.26,"endTime":1772.16,"body":"and he says that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1772.16,"endTime":1774.38,"body":"during a long illness in his late 20s,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1774.38,"endTime":1777.77,"body":"he read his way through all"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1774.38,"endTime":1777.77,"body":"the novels of Sir Walter Scott."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1777.77,"endTime":1779.75,"body":"I don't believe his illness"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1777.77,"endTime":1779.75,"body":"was long enough to do that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1779.75,"endTime":1783.2,"body":"but anyway, he obviously made"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1779.75,"endTime":1783.2,"body":"a good go at starting on them,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1783.2,"endTime":1786.327,"body":"and he says in his memoir,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1786.327,"endTime":1788.757,"body":"\"I do not think there is any pleasure"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1788.757,"endTime":1791.15,"body":"\"to match that of reading Scott.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1791.15,"endTime":1792.95,"body":"Now, he must know,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1792.95,"endTime":1794.69,"body":"former young fogey that he was,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1794.69,"endTime":1799.16,"body":"he must know how utterly"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1794.69,"endTime":1799.16,"body":"unlikely a statement that is."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1799.16,"endTime":1803.87,"body":"I always assumed that Scott"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1799.16,"endTime":1803.87,"body":"was doomed to obsolescence,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1803.87,"endTime":1805.58,"body":"until I read that, recently,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1805.58,"endTime":1808.67,"body":"the Department of English and"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1805.58,"endTime":1808.67,"body":"Comparative Literary Studies"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1808.67,"endTime":1810.35,"body":"at Warwick University"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1810.35,"endTime":1814.73,"body":"had found a really good way"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1810.35,"endTime":1814.73,"body":"to reanimate interest in him"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1814.73,"endTime":1818.51,"body":"by not only teaching his novel \"Ivanhoe\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1818.51,"endTime":1821.6,"body":"in a module on the English"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1818.51,"endTime":1821.6,"body":"19th century novel,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1821.6,"endTime":1824.66,"body":"but, even more excitingly,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1824.66,"endTime":1826.43,"body":"telling the students,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1826.43,"endTime":1828.77,"body":"giving the students who"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1826.43,"endTime":1828.77,"body":"were to take the module"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1828.77,"endTime":1832.707,"body":"a great big trigger"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1828.77,"endTime":1832.707,"body":"warning about \"Ivanhoe.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1832.707,"endTime":1836.667,"body":"\"Amongst the aspects readers"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1832.707,"endTime":1836.667,"body":"might find disturbing,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1836.667,"endTime":1840.057,"body":"\"this text includes offensive"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1836.667,"endTime":1840.057,"body":"depictions of People of Color"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1840.057,"endTime":1842.427,"body":"\"and of persecuted ethnic minorities,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1842.427,"endTime":1844.427,"body":"\"as well as misogyny.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1845.75,"endTime":1847.64,"body":"I don't want to dwell on that particularly"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1847.64,"endTime":1851.54,"body":"apart from saying that it's"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1847.64,"endTime":1851.54,"body":"sort of the most exciting thing"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1851.54,"endTime":1853.28,"body":"that's happened to Scott studies"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1853.28,"endTime":1854.69,"body":"in the last 50 years,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1854.69,"endTime":1857.18,"body":"and it got Scott into every"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1854.69,"endTime":1857.18,"body":"single broadsheet newspaper,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1857.18,"endTime":1858.65,"body":"and \"The Daily Mail,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1858.65,"endTime":1863.15,"body":"and the Scott Society"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1858.65,"endTime":1863.15,"body":"came out of the woodwork,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1863.15,"endTime":1865.19,"body":"and relatives of Scott were found,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1865.19,"endTime":1866.807,"body":"and it was all very exciting,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1866.807,"endTime":1869.66,"body":"and I presume a few copies of \"Ivanhoe\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1869.66,"endTime":1872.66,"body":"actually passed across"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1869.66,"endTime":1872.66,"body":"the counter at Waterstones"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1872.66,"endTime":1873.713,"body":"as a result."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1874.7,"endTime":1876.2,"body":"Now, I have read \"Ivanhoe,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1876.2,"endTime":1878.48,"body":"and indeed I reread it for this lecture,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1878.48,"endTime":1882.17,"body":"I've read Ivanhoe three times"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1878.48,"endTime":1882.17,"body":"in my life, my goodness,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1882.17,"endTime":1885.59,"body":"and a chronicle of wasted"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1882.17,"endTime":1885.59,"body":"time, you might think."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1885.59,"endTime":1887.21,"body":"I don't want to go through"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1885.59,"endTime":1887.21,"body":"the trigger warning"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1887.21,"endTime":1888.53,"body":"except to say,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1888.53,"endTime":1890.09,"body":"offensive depictions of People of Color?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1890.09,"endTime":1891.26,"body":"Maybe,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1891.26,"endTime":1896.26,"body":"but only because one of the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1891.26,"endTime":1896.26,"body":"nastier Norman knights in it"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1899.12,"endTime":1901.88,"body":"has two Moorish servants,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1901.88,"endTime":1904.23,"body":"which he certainly wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1901.88,"endTime":1904.23,"body":"have had, actually,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1905.42,"endTime":1909.503,"body":"in the late 12th, early 13th centuries,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1910.73,"endTime":1911.87,"body":"but beyond that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1911.87,"endTime":1914.75,"body":"they're not particularly"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1911.87,"endTime":1914.75,"body":"the objects of scorn,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1914.75,"endTime":1916.94,"body":"or bad treatment, or anything,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1916.94,"endTime":1918.77,"body":"they're just mentioned in passing."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1918.77,"endTime":1920.63,"body":"Persecuted ethnic minorities?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1920.63,"endTime":1922.16,"body":"Maybe that refers to the fact,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1922.16,"endTime":1924.8,"body":"which is very important in \"Ivanhoe,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1924.8,"endTime":1926.753,"body":"two of the main characters are Jewish,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1927.98,"endTime":1929.48,"body":"and worth thinking about,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1929.48,"endTime":1932.75,"body":"because Scott would certainly have thought"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1932.75,"endTime":1937.64,"body":"that his novel was written"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1932.75,"endTime":1937.64,"body":"against Antisemitism,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1937.64,"endTime":1939.47,"body":"because, without exception,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1939.47,"endTime":1943.1,"body":"all the bad people, including Prince John,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1943.1,"endTime":1945.62,"body":"are absolutely horrid about Isaac,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1945.62,"endTime":1947.15,"body":"who's a money lender,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1947.15,"endTime":1949.16,"body":"and his daughter Rebecca,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1949.16,"endTime":1950.39,"body":"who's actually a bit of a heroine"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1950.39,"endTime":1951.98,"body":"and saves Ivanhoe's life"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1951.98,"endTime":1954.29,"body":"through her medical skills at one stage."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1954.29,"endTime":1959.29,"body":"And so Antisemitism is an"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1954.29,"endTime":1959.29,"body":"index of badness in the novel,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1960.89,"endTime":1962.87,"body":"but it is true, probably,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1962.87,"endTime":1964.61,"body":"that if you were to read it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1964.61,"endTime":1967.85,"body":"you would find Scott's"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1964.61,"endTime":1967.85,"body":"own representations,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1967.85,"endTime":1969.83,"body":"certainly of Isaac,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1969.83,"endTime":1972.89,"body":"uncomfortable-making, maybe, maybe."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1972.89,"endTime":1974.0,"body":"Misogyny?"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1974.0,"endTime":1975.653,"body":"Now, that was a tough one for me."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1976.82,"endTime":1980.03,"body":"What you could say about \"Ivanhoe\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1980.03,"endTime":1982.82,"body":"is that this novel, like most of them,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1982.82,"endTime":1986.21,"body":"has two attractive women in,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1986.21,"endTime":1988.49,"body":"and the hero falls for one"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1988.49,"endTime":1990.44,"body":"and learns that he has to marry the other."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1990.44,"endTime":1991.76,"body":"I mean, that is a classic,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1991.76,"endTime":1993.74,"body":"but Thackeray does that in \"Vanity Fair,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1993.74,"endTime":1997.76,"body":"there's always an attractive"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1993.74,"endTime":1997.76,"body":"but dangerous woman"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":1997.76,"endTime":2002.35,"body":"and a fair-haired, less sexy,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2002.35,"endTime":2003.88,"body":"but actually good woman,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2003.88,"endTime":2006.25,"body":"who, if you're the hero,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2006.25,"endTime":2007.54,"body":"you get to marry."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2007.54,"endTime":2009.7,"body":"Certainly stereotypes,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2009.7,"endTime":2011.53,"body":"certainly, you could say, sexist,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2011.53,"endTime":2013.72,"body":"but I think misogynist means hating women,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2013.72,"endTime":2016.75,"body":"and I'm not sure, really, it's that,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2016.75,"endTime":2020.92,"body":"and I think even the tender"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2016.75,"endTime":2020.92,"body":"students at Warwick University"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2020.92,"endTime":2022.42,"body":"will have managed to read it"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2022.42,"endTime":2026.02,"body":"without anything more"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2022.42,"endTime":2026.02,"body":"than a snort of derision"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2026.02,"endTime":2029.2,"body":"at the sort of two-dimensional nature"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2029.2,"endTime":2031.84,"body":"of the representation of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2029.2,"endTime":2031.84,"body":"the female characters."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2031.84,"endTime":2036.84,"body":"But anyway, everybody suddenly"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2031.84,"endTime":2036.84,"body":"got interested in Scott again"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2037.57,"endTime":2039.94,"body":"and I went back, as I said,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2039.94,"endTime":2040.773,"body":"and reread it"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2040.773,"endTime":2043.15,"body":"to see whether it was"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2043.15,"endTime":2048.15,"body":"this kind of needling or"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2043.15,"endTime":2048.15,"body":"potentially offensive text,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2049.96,"endTime":2051.82,"body":"and one thing that, of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2051.82,"endTime":2054.55,"body":"one thing I reminded myself of,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2054.55,"endTime":2055.835,"body":"that I rediscovered,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2055.835,"endTime":2060.01,"body":"is indeed that \"Ivanhoe,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2060.01,"endTime":2062.26,"body":"which was a huge bestseller"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2060.01,"endTime":2062.26,"body":"when it appeared,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2062.26,"endTime":2065.38,"body":"is indeed a lot about race,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2065.38,"endTime":2068.56,"body":"but it's about Normans and Saxons,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2068.56,"endTime":2073.56,"body":"and a funny thing, obsession"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2068.56,"endTime":2073.56,"body":"that Scott has about them"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2073.93,"endTime":2077.95,"body":"as two groups that represent"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2077.95,"endTime":2082.24,"body":"a clash of mutually"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2077.95,"endTime":2082.24,"body":"incomprehensible languages,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2082.24,"endTime":2085.3,"body":"out of which the English language comes,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2085.3,"endTime":2090.3,"body":"and mutually exclusive"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2085.3,"endTime":2090.3,"body":"philosophies of nationhood,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2094.57,"endTime":2098.89,"body":"which somehow will combine"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2094.57,"endTime":2098.89,"body":"to produce England,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2098.89,"endTime":2101.503,"body":"and then eventually Britain."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2102.4,"endTime":2104.62,"body":"To give you a sense of what I mean,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2104.62,"endTime":2108.187,"body":"here is the opening chapter of \"Ivanhoe,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2109.84,"endTime":2114.84,"body":"where we meet two swineherds"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2109.84,"endTime":2114.84,"body":"called Wamba and Gurth,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2115.21,"endTime":2118.637,"body":"and they're talking to each other."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2118.637,"endTime":2121.547,"body":"\"The dialogue which they"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2118.637,"endTime":2121.547,"body":"maintain between them"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2121.547,"endTime":2123.677,"body":"\"was carried on in Anglo-Saxon,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2123.677,"endTime":2124.727,"body":"\"which, as we said before,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2124.727,"endTime":2127.42,"body":"\"was universally spoken"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2124.727,"endTime":2127.42,"body":"by the inferior class.\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2127.42,"endTime":2128.747,"body":"It's a classic Scott thing,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2128.747,"endTime":2131.26,"body":"\"which, as we said before,\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2131.26,"endTime":2133.84,"body":"he's quite a garrulous narrator,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2133.84,"endTime":2134.673,"body":"he says things more than once,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2134.673,"endTime":2135.88,"body":"and then he says,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2135.88,"endTime":2138.013,"body":"oh yes, and I've said that more than once."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2139.145,"endTime":2140.957,"body":"\"It was universally spoken"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2139.145,"endTime":2140.957,"body":"by the inferior classes,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2140.957,"endTime":2142.453,"body":"\"excepting the Norman soldiers"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2142.453,"endTime":2144.377,"body":"\"and the immediate personal dependents"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2144.377,"endTime":2146.027,"body":"\"of the great feudal nobles."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2146.027,"endTime":2148.337,"body":"\"But to give their"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2146.027,"endTime":2148.337,"body":"conversation in the original"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2148.337,"endTime":2151.217,"body":"\"would convey but little"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2148.337,"endTime":2151.217,"body":"information to the modern reader,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2151.217,"endTime":2152.117,"body":"\"for whose benefit"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2152.117,"endTime":2155.297,"body":"\"we beg to offer the"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2152.117,"endTime":2155.297,"body":"following translation,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2155.297,"endTime":2159.287,"body":"\"'The curse of St. Withold"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2155.297,"endTime":2159.287,"body":"upon these infernal porkers!"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2159.287,"endTime":2161.953,"body":"\"'The curse of St. Withold"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2159.287,"endTime":2161.953,"body":"upon them and upon me"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2161.953,"endTime":2165.227,"body":"\"'if the two-legged wolf"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2161.953,"endTime":2165.227,"body":"snap not up some of them"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2165.227,"endTime":2166.097,"body":"\"'ere nightfall,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2166.097,"endTime":2167.71,"body":"\"'I am no true man,'\""},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2167.71,"endTime":2169.39,"body":"Well, he's translated it,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2169.39,"endTime":2174.31,"body":"but into a sort of"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2169.39,"endTime":2174.31,"body":"peculiar, antique prose."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2174.31,"endTime":2176.53,"body":"And when the Normans speak,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2176.53,"endTime":2180.4,"body":"it's even odder, and I"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2176.53,"endTime":2180.4,"body":"would say more awkward."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2180.4,"endTime":2183.79,"body":"This is Reginald Front-de-Boeuf,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2183.79,"endTime":2186.76,"body":"yes, Reggie Beefhead, let's call him,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2186.76,"endTime":2191.35,"body":"talking in wonderfully"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2186.76,"endTime":2191.35,"body":"absurd, pseudo-antique diction"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2191.35,"endTime":2192.58,"body":"to a friar,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2192.58,"endTime":2196.483,"body":"whom he suspects of sympathizing"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2192.58,"endTime":2196.483,"body":"with the lower orders."},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2198.07,"endTime":2199.03,"body":"And remember, of course,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2199.03,"endTime":2201.22,"body":"he's actually talking in French,"},{"speaker":"Here's news for you","startTime":2201.22,"endTime":2202.69,"body":"he's talking in Norman French,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2203.69,"endTime":2205.307,"body":"\"Thou seest, Sir Friar,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2205.307,"endTime":2208.51,"body":"\"yon herd of Saxon swine, who have dared,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2208.51,"endTime":2210.977,"body":"the swine, this time, are people,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2210.977,"endTime":2215.057,"body":"\"who have dared to environ"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2210.977,"endTime":2215.057,"body":"this Castle of Torquilstone."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2215.057,"endTime":2217.187,"body":"\"Tell them whatever thou hast a mind"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2217.187,"endTime":2219.467,"body":"\"of the weakness of this fortalice,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2219.467,"endTime":2224.147,"body":"\"or aught else that can detain"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2219.467,"endTime":2224.147,"body":"them before it for 24 hours."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2224.147,"endTime":2226.697,"body":"\"Meantime bear thou this scroll."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2226.697,"endTime":2230.17,"body":"\"But soft, canst read, Sir Priest?\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2230.17,"endTime":2231.4,"body":"Hard to read out, actually,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2231.4,"endTime":2234.463,"body":"'cause it's such gobbledygook."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2235.75,"endTime":2238.0,"body":"The narrator of a Scott novel, however,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2238.0,"endTime":2239.65,"body":"is completely different,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2239.65,"endTime":2241.78,"body":"the narrator of a Scott novel is a person"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2241.78,"endTime":2245.803,"body":"who sounds remarkably like"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2241.78,"endTime":2245.803,"body":"Walter Scott, actually,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2246.85,"endTime":2249.76,"body":"an enlightened modern man,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2249.76,"endTime":2251.53,"body":"certainly a man,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2251.53,"endTime":2253.9,"body":"probably educated in Edinburgh."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2253.9,"endTime":2258.49,"body":"Remember, all these novels"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2253.9,"endTime":2258.49,"body":"are published anonymously,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2258.49,"endTime":2261.07,"body":"all Scott's novels are"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2258.49,"endTime":2261.07,"body":"published anonymously,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2261.07,"endTime":2263.56,"body":"so even though by the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2261.07,"endTime":2263.56,"body":"time \"Ivanhoe\" comes out,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2263.56,"endTime":2265.36,"body":"lots of people, maybe most people,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2265.36,"endTime":2267.31,"body":"know who the \"Waverley\" novelist is,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2267.31,"endTime":2270.373,"body":"the official pretense is it's not Scott."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2271.96,"endTime":2276.96,"body":"And the narrator kind of surveys"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2271.96,"endTime":2276.96,"body":"the manners and characters"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2277.06,"endTime":2278.32,"body":"that he describes"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2278.32,"endTime":2279.67,"body":"from a proper distance."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2279.67,"endTime":2281.32,"body":"And here's a little example,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2281.32,"endTime":2286.32,"body":"so this is a group of mostly,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2287.824,"endTime":2290.02,"body":"Saxons versus Normans,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2290.02,"endTime":2291.64,"body":"this is a Saxon group,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2291.64,"endTime":2293.807,"body":"and they're going off on a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2291.64,"endTime":2293.807,"body":"journey through the woods."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2293.807,"endTime":2296.687,"body":"\"As the cavalcade left the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2293.807,"endTime":2296.687,"body":"court of the monastery,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2296.687,"endTime":2297.707,"body":"\"an incident happened"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2297.707,"endTime":2299.747,"body":"\"somewhat alarming to the Saxons,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2299.747,"endTime":2300.977,"body":"\"who, of all people of Europe,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2300.977,"endTime":2304.907,"body":"\"were most addicted to a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2300.977,"endTime":2304.907,"body":"superstitious observance of omens"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2304.907,"endTime":2308.207,"body":"\"and to whose opinions can be"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2304.907,"endTime":2308.207,"body":"traced most of those notions"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2308.207,"endTime":2309.497,"body":"\"upon such subjects"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2309.497,"endTime":2312.58,"body":"\"still to be found among"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2309.497,"endTime":2312.58,"body":"our popular antiquities.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2312.58,"endTime":2313.413,"body":"So you see,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2313.413,"endTime":2316.81,"body":"he's with you in 1819, as it were,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2316.81,"endTime":2318.85,"body":"telling you about the past,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2318.85,"endTime":2321.19,"body":"but knowing that he and you"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2321.19,"endTime":2323.447,"body":"are looking back from a long perspective."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2323.447,"endTime":2324.28,"body":"\"For the Normans,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2324.28,"endTime":2326.507,"body":"\"being a mixed race and better informed,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2326.507,"endTime":2328.487,"body":"\"according to the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2326.507,"endTime":2328.487,"body":"information of the times,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2328.487,"endTime":2331.517,"body":"\"had lost most of the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2328.487,"endTime":2331.517,"body":"superstitious prejudices"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2331.517,"endTime":2334.037,"body":"\"which their ancestors had"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2331.517,"endTime":2334.037,"body":"brought from Scandinavia,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2334.037,"endTime":2338.5,"body":"\"and piqued themselves upon"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2334.037,"endTime":2338.5,"body":"thinking freely on such topics.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2338.5,"endTime":2343.5,"body":"So not only is he not going to"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2338.5,"endTime":2343.5,"body":"absorb, digest his research,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2344.95,"endTime":2346.06,"body":"he doesn't want to,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2346.06,"endTime":2349.12,"body":"he wants you to hear the knowledge"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2349.12,"endTime":2351.017,"body":"that he's gleaned from his reading."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2351.017,"endTime":2352.637,"body":"\"In the present instance,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2352.637,"endTime":2354.527,"body":"\"the apprehension of impending evil"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2354.527,"endTime":2356.987,"body":"\"was inspired by no less"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2354.527,"endTime":2356.987,"body":"respectable a prophet"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2356.987,"endTime":2358.59,"body":"\"than a large, lean, black dog,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2358.59,"endTime":2360.497,"body":"ha ha, those Saxons,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2360.497,"endTime":2361.817,"body":"\"which, sitting upright,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2361.817,"endTime":2363.587,"body":"\"howled most piteously"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2363.587,"endTime":2366.407,"body":"\"as the foremost riders left the gate"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2366.407,"endTime":2367.907,"body":"\"and presently, afterwards,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2367.907,"endTime":2370.157,"body":"\"barking wildly and jumping to and fro,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2370.157,"endTime":2372.76,"body":"\"seemed bent upon attaching"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2370.157,"endTime":2372.76,"body":"itself to the party.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2372.76,"endTime":2374.17,"body":"Scott, actually,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2374.17,"endTime":2377.86,"body":"even when he is sometimes"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2374.17,"endTime":2377.86,"body":"unconvincing about human beings,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2377.86,"endTime":2380.89,"body":"he's never unconvincing about dogs,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2380.89,"endTime":2383.08,"body":"he's absolutely brilliant on dogs,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2383.08,"endTime":2384.64,"body":"and their behavior, and their breeds,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2384.64,"endTime":2385.57,"body":"and if you're a dog lover,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2385.57,"endTime":2390.1,"body":"I recommend Scott to you"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2385.57,"endTime":2390.1,"body":"as the bard of dogolatry."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2390.1,"endTime":2391.81,"body":"You have to read quite a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2390.1,"endTime":2391.81,"body":"lot of pages in between,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2391.81,"endTime":2394.69,"body":"but the dogs are important"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2391.81,"endTime":2394.69,"body":"in all his novels,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2394.69,"endTime":2396.22,"body":"without exception."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2396.22,"endTime":2397.71,"body":"So, as Scott himself said"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2397.71,"endTime":2400.487,"body":"in his dedicatory epistle to \"Ivanhoe,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2400.487,"endTime":2403.127,"body":"\"In point of justice to the multitudes"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2403.127,"endTime":2403.997,"body":"\"who will, I trust,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2403.997,"endTime":2407.057,"body":"\"devour this book with avidity,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2407.057,"endTime":2409.307,"body":"\"I've so far explained our ancient manners"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2409.307,"endTime":2410.267,"body":"\"in modern language,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2410.267,"endTime":2413.237,"body":"\"and so far detailed the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2410.267,"endTime":2413.237,"body":"characters and sentiments"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2413.237,"endTime":2414.467,"body":"\"of my persons"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2414.467,"endTime":2417.077,"body":"\"that the modern reader"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2414.467,"endTime":2417.077,"body":"will not find himself,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2417.077,"endTime":2418.007,"body":"\"I should hope,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2418.007,"endTime":2422.417,"body":"\"much trammeled by the repulsive"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2418.007,"endTime":2422.417,"body":"dryness of mere antiquity."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2422.417,"endTime":2424.457,"body":"\"In this, I respectfully contend,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2424.457,"endTime":2427.307,"body":"\"I have in no respect"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2424.457,"endTime":2427.307,"body":"exceeded the fair license"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2427.307,"endTime":2430.93,"body":"\"due to the author of a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2427.307,"endTime":2430.93,"body":"fictitious composition.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2430.93,"endTime":2432.64,"body":"So he represents the past,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2432.64,"endTime":2434.02,"body":"but sort of escapes it."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2434.02,"endTime":2436.06,"body":"The whole point, in a way,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2436.06,"endTime":2440.86,"body":"is to enjoy it and to know"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2436.06,"endTime":2440.86,"body":"that you've escaped it."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2440.86,"endTime":2444.22,"body":"It's difficult to exaggerate"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2444.22,"endTime":2446.68,"body":"the popularity and influence of Scott"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2446.68,"endTime":2449.8,"body":"in the first half of the 19th century."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2449.8,"endTime":2451.3,"body":"In the 20th century,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2451.3,"endTime":2455.2,"body":"literary historians invented"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2451.3,"endTime":2455.2,"body":"the word Scottomania"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2455.2,"endTime":2457.12,"body":"to characterize this passion."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2457.12,"endTime":2459.55,"body":"I thought I'd give you just"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2457.12,"endTime":2459.55,"body":"one or two little examples"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2459.55,"endTime":2460.823,"body":"of Scottomania."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2463.6,"endTime":2468.6,"body":"These are the costumes"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2463.6,"endTime":2468.6,"body":"of a posh costume ball"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2468.79,"endTime":2472.54,"body":"that took place in Brussels in 1823,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2472.54,"endTime":2477.04,"body":"and there was a rage through"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2472.54,"endTime":2477.04,"body":"Europe for \"Ivanhoe\" balls."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2477.04,"endTime":2477.94,"body":"So you had a ball,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2477.94,"endTime":2480.997,"body":"everybody had to come as a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2477.94,"endTime":2480.997,"body":"character from \"Ivanhoe,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2482.41,"endTime":2483.82,"body":"which everybody had read."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2483.82,"endTime":2486.79,"body":"And this is Ivanhoe"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2486.79,"endTime":2491.23,"body":"and this is le Chevalier"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2486.79,"endTime":2491.23,"body":"Noir, the Black Knight."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2491.23,"endTime":2492.31,"body":"Spoiler alert,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2492.31,"endTime":2495.7,"body":"it's Richard I dressed up in black armor,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2495.7,"endTime":2498.1,"body":"and stepping in to save everybody"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2498.1,"endTime":2500.26,"body":"at the last possible moment."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2500.26,"endTime":2501.46,"body":"And these guys"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2501.46,"endTime":2504.07,"body":"actually went to the party"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2501.46,"endTime":2504.07,"body":"in Brussels like this."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2504.07,"endTime":2506.59,"body":"Three years later, another ball,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2506.59,"endTime":2508.18,"body":"this time in Vienna,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2508.18,"endTime":2510.283,"body":"another \"Ivanhoe\" ball."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2511.42,"endTime":2515.68,"body":"I think the costumes in"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2511.42,"endTime":2515.68,"body":"Brussels are positively chaste"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2515.68,"endTime":2517.43,"body":"compared to the costumes in Vienna."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2519.25,"endTime":2523.18,"body":"This is Lady Rowena,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2523.18,"endTime":2525.67,"body":"who is the woman that Ivanhoe's"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2523.18,"endTime":2525.67,"body":"eventually going to marry."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2525.67,"endTime":2527.29,"body":"He fancies Rebecca,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2527.29,"endTime":2529.18,"body":"but he's not going to get her."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2529.18,"endTime":2532.513,"body":"And this is Ivanhoe, apparently."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2533.68,"endTime":2537.07,"body":"So there's lots of dressing up stuff,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2537.07,"endTime":2541.3,"body":"there's also, he's much"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2537.07,"endTime":2541.3,"body":"beloved painters in Europe"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2541.3,"endTime":2546.3,"body":"in the first half of the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2541.3,"endTime":2546.3,"body":"19th century, and after."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2548.38,"endTime":2552.197,"body":"Eugene Delacroix was a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2548.38,"endTime":2552.197,"body":"particular Scottomaniac,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2553.604,"endTime":2554.437,"body":"can one say that?"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2554.437,"endTime":2555.27,"body":"I've just said it."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2555.27,"endTime":2556.99,"body":"He was a Scottomaniac,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2556.99,"endTime":2559.0,"body":"and he did several of Scott's,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2559.0,"endTime":2560.26,"body":"here's a couple of them."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2560.26,"endTime":2562.75,"body":"This is Rebecca and the wounded Ivanhoe,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2562.75,"endTime":2565.18,"body":"Torquilstone Castle I mentioned,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2565.18,"endTime":2568.27,"body":"it's where Reginald"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2565.18,"endTime":2568.27,"body":"Front-de-Boeuf hung out,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2568.27,"endTime":2572.057,"body":"and he has Rebecca and"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2568.27,"endTime":2572.057,"body":"Ivanhoe as prisoners there."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2572.057,"endTime":2574.813,"body":"Ivanhoe's been wounded in a joust,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2575.77,"endTime":2577.84,"body":"and they're looking out the window"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2577.84,"endTime":2578.673,"body":"'cause they're hoping"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2578.673,"endTime":2580.91,"body":"that the Saxons are going"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2578.673,"endTime":2580.91,"body":"to come and rescue them."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2581.86,"endTime":2584.74,"body":"And Delacroix did this scene,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2581.86,"endTime":2584.74,"body":"actually, more than once."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2584.74,"endTime":2586.443,"body":"And a little bit later, 1846,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2587.47,"endTime":2588.46,"body":"they are rescued,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2588.46,"endTime":2592.96,"body":"but then another bad, bad"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2588.46,"endTime":2592.96,"body":"Norman knight abducts Rebecca,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2592.96,"endTime":2594.37,"body":"and he's carrying her off,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2594.37,"endTime":2596.08,"body":"and Delacroix thought this was a great,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2596.08,"endTime":2600.617,"body":"and indeed, I'm afraid he"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2596.08,"endTime":2600.617,"body":"thought probably sexy scene,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2600.617,"endTime":2602.573,"body":"\"The Abduction of Rebecca,\" 1846."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2602.573,"endTime":2605.17,"body":"So they're just little examples"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2605.17,"endTime":2609.73,"body":"of what was happening throughout Europe"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2609.73,"endTime":2612.07,"body":"in the wake of the \"Waverley\" novels,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2612.07,"endTime":2614.47,"body":"and I concentrated on \"Ivanhoe\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2614.47,"endTime":2618.163,"body":"as Warwick University"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2614.47,"endTime":2618.163,"body":"directed me to, really."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2621.7,"endTime":2624.22,"body":"Scott bequeathed, really,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2621.7,"endTime":2624.22,"body":"to the Victorians,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2624.22,"endTime":2627.793,"body":"the extraordinary high"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2624.22,"endTime":2627.793,"body":"status of historical fiction."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2629.02,"endTime":2632.65,"body":"And he himself, I think,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2632.65,"endTime":2635.35,"body":"sort of half saw through it."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2635.35,"endTime":2637.933,"body":"And you'll know, if you know me at all,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2637.933,"endTime":2641.5,"body":"that I always manage to"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2637.933,"endTime":2641.5,"body":"smuggle Jane Austen in somehow,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2641.5,"endTime":2642.37,"body":"and here she is,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2642.37,"endTime":2644.41,"body":"but smuggled in fairly,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2642.37,"endTime":2644.41,"body":"I think, this time,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2644.41,"endTime":2646.78,"body":"because it's an illustration"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2646.78,"endTime":2649.66,"body":"of Scott's self-skepticism, actually,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2649.66,"endTime":2652.93,"body":"about the whole historical"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2649.66,"endTime":2652.93,"body":"fiction business."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2652.93,"endTime":2654.46,"body":"He's writing in his journal,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2654.46,"endTime":2656.65,"body":"he probably knows that"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2654.46,"endTime":2656.65,"body":"his journal will, one day,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2656.65,"endTime":2657.7,"body":"be published,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2657.7,"endTime":2661.33,"body":"but he's not overtly"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2657.7,"endTime":2661.33,"body":"writing for publication,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2661.33,"endTime":2662.297,"body":"it's his private journal."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2662.297,"endTime":2664.487,"body":"\"Read again, and for"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2662.297,"endTime":2664.487,"body":"the third time at least,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2664.487,"endTime":2665.71,"body":"\"Miss Austen's,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2665.71,"endTime":2666.63,"body":"this is 1826,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2666.63,"endTime":2671.297,"body":"so this is nine years after Austen's died,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2671.297,"endTime":2672.857,"body":"\"Read again, and for"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2671.297,"endTime":2672.857,"body":"the third time at least,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2672.857,"endTime":2674.003,"body":"\"Miss Austen's very finely written novel"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2674.003,"endTime":2675.617,"body":"\"of 'Pride and Prejudice.'"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2675.617,"endTime":2676.967,"body":"\"That young lady has a talent"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2676.967,"endTime":2678.677,"body":"\"for describing the involvements,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2678.677,"endTime":2681.377,"body":"\"and feelings, and"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2678.677,"endTime":2681.377,"body":"characters of ordinary life"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2681.377,"endTime":2682.21,"body":"\"which is, to me,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2682.21,"endTime":2684.707,"body":"\"the most wonderful I ever met with."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2684.707,"endTime":2687.737,"body":"\"The big bow-wow strain I can do myself,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2687.737,"endTime":2689.567,"body":"\"like any now going,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2689.567,"endTime":2691.397,"body":"\"but the exquisite touch which renders"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2691.397,"endTime":2695.417,"body":"\"ordinary, commonplace things"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2691.397,"endTime":2695.417,"body":"and characters interesting,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2695.417,"endTime":2698.267,"body":"\"from the truth of the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2695.417,"endTime":2698.267,"body":"description and the sentiment,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2698.267,"endTime":2699.85,"body":"\"is denied to me.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2699.85,"endTime":2701.423,"body":"Scott was intellectually, I think,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2701.423,"endTime":2702.256,"body":"a very honest man,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2702.256,"endTime":2704.41,"body":"and an excellent critic, actually,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2704.41,"endTime":2708.64,"body":"he wrote by far the best"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2704.41,"endTime":2708.64,"body":"review, best article"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2708.64,"endTime":2709.81,"body":"about Austen's fiction"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2709.81,"endTime":2711.25,"body":"that was published in her lifetime,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2711.25,"endTime":2713.827,"body":"a review of \"Emma.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2716.59,"endTime":2719.11,"body":"Essentially, the big bow-wow strain,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2719.11,"endTime":2720.13,"body":"that's, if you like,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2720.13,"endTime":2721.51,"body":"that's historical fiction,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2721.51,"endTime":2723.01,"body":"that's what he does,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2723.01,"endTime":2728.01,"body":"battles, landscapes, kings,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2723.01,"endTime":2728.01,"body":"queens, princes, dukes,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2730.33,"endTime":2734.65,"body":"and he sort of recognizes"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2730.33,"endTime":2734.65,"body":"that, in some way,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2734.65,"endTime":2738.49,"body":"perhaps the whole genre is inferior"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2738.49,"endTime":2741.67,"body":"to what Jane Austen is doing,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2741.67,"endTime":2744.223,"body":"what's denied to him."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2745.84,"endTime":2749.26,"body":"Every major Victorian"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2745.84,"endTime":2749.26,"body":"novelist after Scott,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2749.26,"endTime":2752.89,"body":"every major Victorian"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2749.26,"endTime":2752.89,"body":"novelist attempts the genre,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2752.89,"endTime":2757.27,"body":"Thackeray with \"Henry"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2752.89,"endTime":2757.27,"body":"Esmond\" and \"The Virginians,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2757.27,"endTime":2759.22,"body":"George Eliot with \"Romola,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2759.22,"endTime":2760.81,"body":"Trollope with \"La Vendee,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2760.81,"endTime":2763.27,"body":"Elizabeth Gaskell with \"Sylvia's Lovers,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2763.27,"endTime":2764.83,"body":"people don't realize even she did it,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2764.83,"endTime":2767.86,"body":"set during the Napoleonic Wars,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2767.86,"endTime":2769.06,"body":"Thomas Hardy"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2769.06,"endTime":2770.867,"body":"with perhaps his least often read novel,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2770.867,"endTime":2772.327,"body":"\"The Trumpet-Major.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2773.53,"endTime":2777.91,"body":"Yet every Victorian"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2773.53,"endTime":2777.91,"body":"novelist also, however good,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2777.91,"endTime":2782.44,"body":"encounters all the problems"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2777.91,"endTime":2782.44,"body":"of realizing the distant past."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2782.44,"endTime":2786.847,"body":"And here's a little example"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2782.44,"endTime":2786.847,"body":"from George Eliot's \"Romola,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2787.75,"endTime":2792.28,"body":"which is set in 14th century Florence,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2792.28,"endTime":2795.37,"body":"and how do you make people talk?"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2795.37,"endTime":2799.78,"body":"And this is Nello, the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2795.37,"endTime":2799.78,"body":"barber, and Nanni, the tailor,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2799.78,"endTime":2802.39,"body":"and they're talking about Savonarola,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2802.39,"endTime":2806.17,"body":"the incendiary, fundamentalist preacher,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2806.17,"endTime":2809.83,"body":"the guy who invented the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2806.17,"endTime":2809.83,"body":"bonfire of the vanities,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2809.83,"endTime":2811.84,"body":"burn all your possessions."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2811.84,"endTime":2815.987,"body":"And Nello says,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2815.987,"endTime":2817.847,"body":"\"I fancy there is no room"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2817.847,"endTime":2820.007,"body":"\"in that small cup of thy understanding"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2820.007,"endTime":2823.123,"body":"\"for any other liquor than"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2820.007,"endTime":2823.123,"body":"what he pours into it,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2823.123,"endTime":2825.4,"body":"i.e. Savonarola's doctrines."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2825.4,"endTime":2826.85,"body":"Listen to the stiltedness,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2826.85,"endTime":2827.95,"body":"this is George Eliot,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2827.95,"endTime":2830.17,"body":"who's simultaneously"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2827.95,"endTime":2830.17,"body":"writing \"Silas Marner,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2830.17,"endTime":2834.94,"body":"which has some of the best"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2830.17,"endTime":2834.94,"body":"and most believable dialog"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2834.94,"endTime":2836.72,"body":"in all 19th century fiction, I think."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2836.72,"endTime":2840.047,"body":"\"'And it were well for"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2836.72,"endTime":2840.047,"body":"thee, Nello,' replied Nanni,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2840.047,"endTime":2843.12,"body":"\"'if thou couldst empty thyself"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2840.047,"endTime":2843.12,"body":"of thy scoffs and thy jests"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2843.12,"endTime":2845.14,"body":"\"'and take in that liquor too.'\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2845.14,"endTime":2847.667,"body":"Sort of cod Shakespeare,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2845.14,"endTime":2847.667,"body":"somehow, in there."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2847.667,"endTime":2850.037,"body":"\"The warning is ringing"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2847.667,"endTime":2850.037,"body":"in the ears of all men,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2850.037,"endTime":2851.657,"body":"\"and it's no new story,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2851.657,"endTime":2853.367,"body":"\"for the abbot Joachim"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2853.367,"endTime":2856.487,"body":"\"prophesied of the coming"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2853.367,"endTime":2856.487,"body":"time 300 years ago,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2856.487,"endTime":2859.03,"body":"\"and now Fra Girolamo,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2859.03,"endTime":2860.477,"body":"that's Savonarola,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2860.477,"endTime":2862.097,"body":"\"has got the message afresh,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2862.097,"endTime":2863.327,"body":"\"he has seen it in a vision"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2863.327,"endTime":2864.767,"body":"\"even as the prophets of old,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2864.767,"endTime":2867.107,"body":"\"he has seen the sword"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2864.767,"endTime":2867.107,"body":"hanging from the sky.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2867.107,"endTime":2870.167,"body":"\"'Aye, and thou wilt"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2867.107,"endTime":2870.167,"body":"see it thyself, Nanni."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2870.167,"endTime":2873.047,"body":"\"'if thou wilt stare upward"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2870.167,"endTime":2873.047,"body":"long enough,' said Niccolo,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2873.047,"endTime":2875.387,"body":"\"'For that pitiable tailor's work of thine"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2875.387,"endTime":2878.477,"body":"\"'makes they noddle so overhang thy legs"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2878.477,"endTime":2881.387,"body":"\"'that thy eyeballs can see"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2878.477,"endTime":2881.387,"body":"nought above the stitching board"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2881.387,"endTime":2883.36,"body":"\"'but the roof of thy own skull.'\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2883.36,"endTime":2885.493,"body":"Where does that come from?"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2886.6,"endTime":2890.02,"body":"Somehow, maybe, in her"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2886.6,"endTime":2890.02,"body":"reading of something,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2890.02,"endTime":2893.32,"body":"George Eliot thought that"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2890.02,"endTime":2893.32,"body":"she'd found that idiom,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2893.32,"endTime":2895.0,"body":"or maybe just invented it,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2895.0,"endTime":2899.74,"body":"or translated it from"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2895.0,"endTime":2899.74,"body":"Italian into semi-English."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2899.74,"endTime":2904.66,"body":"Listening to the strange"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2899.74,"endTime":2904.66,"body":"stiltedness of this dialog"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2904.66,"endTime":2906.163,"body":"is a funny thing,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2907.18,"endTime":2911.68,"body":"but it makes the advice"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2907.18,"endTime":2911.68,"body":"that was given to Trollope"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2911.68,"endTime":2913.72,"body":"sound quite prescient."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2913.72,"endTime":2915.22,"body":"Here's Trollope's autobiography,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2915.22,"endTime":2917.92,"body":"we should note that,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2917.92,"endTime":2922.92,"body":"even though he says this advice"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2917.92,"endTime":2922.92,"body":"was given to him in 1857,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2923.2,"endTime":2924.85,"body":"the autobiography wasn't published"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2924.85,"endTime":2927.85,"body":"until a year after his death in 1883,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2927.85,"endTime":2929.38,"body":"by which time,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2929.38,"endTime":2932.17,"body":"when he was finalizing the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2929.38,"endTime":2932.17,"body":"autobiography in his last years,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2932.17,"endTime":2937.17,"body":"historical fiction was definitely"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2932.17,"endTime":2937.17,"body":"on the way out, out, out."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2938.08,"endTime":2940.48,"body":"And he's got his new"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2938.08,"endTime":2940.48,"body":"novel, \"The Three Clerks,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2940.48,"endTime":2942.04,"body":"which is not historical novel,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2942.04,"endTime":2944.087,"body":"and he's taken it along to the publisher."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2944.087,"endTime":2946.727,"body":"\"I was about to depart"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2944.087,"endTime":2946.727,"body":"with my bundle under my arm"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2946.727,"endTime":2948.767,"body":"\"when the foreman of the house came to me."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2948.767,"endTime":2950.627,"body":"\"He seemed to think it a pity I should go"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2950.627,"endTime":2952.547,"body":"\"and wished me to leave my work with him."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2952.547,"endTime":2953.987,"body":"\"This, however, I would not do"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2953.987,"endTime":2956.537,"body":"\"unless he would undertake"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2953.987,"endTime":2956.537,"body":"to buy it then and there."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2956.537,"endTime":2958.337,"body":"\"Perhaps he lacked authority,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2958.337,"endTime":2961.127,"body":"\"perhaps his judgment was"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2958.337,"endTime":2961.127,"body":"against such purchase,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2961.127,"endTime":2962.537,"body":"\"but while we debated the matter,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2962.537,"endTime":2964.307,"body":"\"he gave me some advice."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2964.307,"endTime":2967.253,"body":"\"'I hope it's not historical,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2964.307,"endTime":2967.253,"body":"Mr. Trollope,' he said."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2967.253,"endTime":2970.227,"body":"\"'Whatever you do, don't be historical,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2970.227,"endTime":2974.44,"body":"\"'your historical novel"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2970.227,"endTime":2974.44,"body":"is not worth a damn.'\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2974.44,"endTime":2976.24,"body":"Now, the sad thing is that,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2976.24,"endTime":2978.4,"body":"as time passes,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2978.4,"endTime":2982.81,"body":"I have not sufficient time to do justice"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2982.81,"endTime":2984.46,"body":"to where the historical novel went,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2984.46,"endTime":2985.78,"body":"because it went"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2985.78,"endTime":2988.6,"body":"where those \"Times\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2985.78,"endTime":2988.6,"body":"journalists said that it went,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2988.6,"endTime":2990.88,"body":"it went into popular fiction,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2990.88,"endTime":2992.59,"body":"it went into popular fiction,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2992.59,"endTime":2997.45,"body":"it went into Jean Plaidy, it"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2992.59,"endTime":2997.45,"body":"went into Georgette Heyer."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2997.45,"endTime":3000.87,"body":"I'm a bit of a fan of"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":2997.45,"endTime":3000.87,"body":"Georgette Heyer, in a way,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3000.87,"endTime":3004.35,"body":"and we've certainly got time"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3000.87,"endTime":3004.35,"body":"for one of these passages."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3004.35,"endTime":3006.84,"body":"It's from her novel \"Frederica,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3006.84,"endTime":3011.84,"body":"and it's set, like almost all her novels,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3012.3,"endTime":3014.97,"body":"in the Regency period,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3014.97,"endTime":3017.397,"body":"it's set in 1819, \"Frederica.\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3019.83,"endTime":3022.74,"body":"All you need to know in order"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3019.83,"endTime":3022.74,"body":"to understand this passage"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3022.74,"endTime":3026.61,"body":"is it's got two main characters,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3026.61,"endTime":3028.86,"body":"sorry, it's set in 1818, not 1819,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3028.86,"endTime":3033.86,"body":"it concerns a rich,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3028.86,"endTime":3033.86,"body":"cynical, single aristocrat"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3034.62,"endTime":3037.83,"body":"called the Marquis of Alverstoke,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3037.83,"endTime":3041.22,"body":"who's recruited by a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3037.83,"endTime":3041.22,"body":"distant cousin, Frederica,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3041.22,"endTime":3043.35,"body":"to help find husbands"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3043.35,"endTime":3046.68,"body":"for her impecunious"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3043.35,"endTime":3046.68,"body":"sister, her oldest sister,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3046.68,"endTime":3048.87,"body":"but also the two younger ones."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3048.87,"endTime":3050.52,"body":"And Frederica herself"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3050.52,"endTime":3052.26,"body":"believes herself, late 20s,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3052.26,"endTime":3055.32,"body":"to be too old to win a husband herself,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3055.32,"endTime":3057.09,"body":"and of course you can judge"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3055.32,"endTime":3057.09,"body":"what's going to happen,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3057.09,"endTime":3059.31,"body":"I think, I think you can"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3057.09,"endTime":3059.31,"body":"judge what's going to happen."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3059.31,"endTime":3062.7,"body":"And when I tell you the scenario,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3062.7,"endTime":3066.33,"body":"surely, into your heads comes one word,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3066.33,"endTime":3068.01,"body":"that word is \"Bridgerton,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3068.01,"endTime":3069.3,"body":"because indeed,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3069.3,"endTime":3071.22,"body":"this, not Jane Austen,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3071.22,"endTime":3072.6,"body":"Georgette Heyer"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3072.6,"endTime":3075.06,"body":"is where \"Bridgerton\" comes from,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3075.06,"endTime":3080.01,"body":"and you'll see why in a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3075.06,"endTime":3080.01,"body":"second if I read this."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3080.01,"endTime":3085.01,"body":"This is Alverstoke's"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3080.01,"endTime":3085.01,"body":"sister talking to him."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3087.199,"endTime":3089.341,"body":"\"'Do you forget I am your sister?'"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3089.341,"endTime":3093.157,"body":"\"'No, I've never been granted"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3089.341,"endTime":3093.157,"body":"the opportunity to forget it.'"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3093.157,"endTime":3095.677,"body":"\"'Oh, don't fly off the hooks again."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3095.677,"endTime":3098.437,"body":"\"'You can have no notion"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3095.677,"endTime":3098.437,"body":"how bracket-faced you look"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3098.437,"endTime":3100.987,"body":"\"'when you get into one of your pelters."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3100.987,"endTime":3102.547,"body":"\"'Console yourself with my assurance"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3102.547,"endTime":3105.307,"body":"\"'that if Buxted had"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3102.547,"endTime":3105.307,"body":"left you purse-pinched,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3105.307,"endTime":3107.017,"body":"\"'I should have felt myself obliged"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3107.017,"endTime":3108.997,"body":"\"'to let you hang on my sleeve.'"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3108.997,"endTime":3110.647,"body":"\"He looked mockingly down at her."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3110.647,"endTime":3112.157,"body":"\"'Yes, I know you're about to tell me"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3112.157,"endTime":3114.577,"body":"\"'that you haven't"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3112.157,"endTime":3114.577,"body":"sixpence to scratch with,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3114.577,"endTime":3116.047,"body":"\"'but the plain truth is"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3116.047,"endTime":3117.907,"body":"\"'you are very well to do in the world,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3117.907,"endTime":3118.747,"body":"\"'my dear Louisa,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3118.747,"endTime":3122.478,"body":"\"'but the most unconscionable"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3118.747,"endTime":3122.478,"body":"pinchpenny of my acquaintance."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3122.478,"endTime":3125.137,"body":"\"'Now, don't nauseate me"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3122.478,"endTime":3125.137,"body":"by prating of affection,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3125.137,"endTime":3128.39,"body":"\"'you've no more for me"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3125.137,"endTime":3128.39,"body":"than I have for you.'\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3129.27,"endTime":3130.68,"body":"It's great, it's great,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3130.68,"endTime":3133.29,"body":"in a way, in a way."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3133.29,"endTime":3135.3,"body":"She did her research,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3135.3,"endTime":3137.49,"body":"unlike, I think, George Eliot,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3137.49,"endTime":3139.98,"body":"certainly unlike Walter Scott,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3139.98,"endTime":3141.09,"body":"she was concerned"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3141.09,"endTime":3145.05,"body":"to insert as much real"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3141.09,"endTime":3145.05,"body":"language from the period"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3145.05,"endTime":3146.52,"body":"as she could get,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3146.52,"endTime":3149.97,"body":"not that perhaps anybody"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3146.52,"endTime":3149.97,"body":"really talked like this,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3149.97,"endTime":3153.6,"body":"but so convincing was her research"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3153.6,"endTime":3156.15,"body":"that actually, if you go online now"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3156.15,"endTime":3159.39,"body":"to look for lexicons of Regency English,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3159.39,"endTime":3161.07,"body":"you'll find that almost all of them,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3161.07,"endTime":3162.03,"body":"there's quite a few,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3162.03,"endTime":3164.64,"body":"particularly because of the"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3162.03,"endTime":3164.64,"body":"whole \"Bridgerton\" thing,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3164.64,"endTime":3168.75,"body":"the whole cult of neo-Regency"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3164.64,"endTime":3168.75,"body":"novels in North America,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3168.75,"endTime":3171.6,"body":"but all the lexicons of"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3168.75,"endTime":3171.6,"body":"Regency English online"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3171.6,"endTime":3173.64,"body":"are all actually based on Georgette Heyer,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3173.64,"endTime":3177.48,"body":"they're not actually based"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3173.64,"endTime":3177.48,"body":"on historical research,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3177.48,"endTime":3179.76,"body":"they're based on her."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3179.76,"endTime":3183.213,"body":"Now, I must hasten to my end."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3184.53,"endTime":3186.453,"body":"We go through, as it were,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3188.4,"endTime":3189.93,"body":"popular fiction,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3189.93,"endTime":3194.93,"body":"which became increasingly,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3189.93,"endTime":3194.93,"body":"actually, research-attentive,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3195.87,"endTime":3197.7,"body":"and later versions,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3197.7,"endTime":3199.98,"body":"from Patrick O'Brian"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3199.98,"endTime":3203.22,"body":"to, today, Philippa Gregory maybe,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3203.22,"endTime":3207.03,"body":"those are novelists who are proud,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3207.03,"endTime":3210.27,"body":"and have always been proud of"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3207.03,"endTime":3210.27,"body":"the amount of research they do"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3210.27,"endTime":3211.83,"body":"to write their novels."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3211.83,"endTime":3214.62,"body":"But it's also,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3214.62,"endTime":3216.45,"body":"I'm going to skip through him,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3216.45,"endTime":3218.67,"body":"it's also gone to other places,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3218.67,"endTime":3222.12,"body":"and it's gone into literary fiction,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3222.12,"endTime":3224.85,"body":"and I just end with a"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3222.12,"endTime":3224.85,"body":"few words about that,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3224.85,"endTime":3226.4,"body":"'cause that's where we started."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3227.58,"endTime":3231.36,"body":"This is one kind of place it goes to,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3231.36,"endTime":3235.95,"body":"this is Paul Kingsnorth's"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3231.36,"endTime":3235.95,"body":"2014 novel \"The Wake,\""},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3235.95,"endTime":3238.2,"body":"set in 11th century Lincolnshire."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3238.2,"endTime":3242.22,"body":"Okay, okay, he's heard Henry James"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3242.22,"endTime":3245.19,"body":"and he's going to give you the whole thing"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3245.19,"endTime":3246.75,"body":"in 11th century English,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3246.75,"endTime":3249.15,"body":"but it's not of course"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3246.75,"endTime":3249.15,"body":"11th century English,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3249.15,"endTime":3253.89,"body":"it is a sort of fictional"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3249.15,"endTime":3253.89,"body":"version of 11th century English,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3253.89,"endTime":3255.48,"body":"and, in its way,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3255.48,"endTime":3258.843,"body":"as fictional as that"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3255.48,"endTime":3258.843,"body":"funny Scott translation."},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3260.34,"endTime":3261.33,"body":"Actually, when you read it,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3261.33,"endTime":3262.29,"body":"it looks hard at first,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3262.29,"endTime":3264.51,"body":"but it's not, it's deliberately not hard,"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3264.51,"endTime":3265.95,"body":"so there's one word"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3265.95,"endTime":3268.5,"body":"which is indeed a true Old English word"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3268.5,"endTime":3269.333,"body":"which is hard"},{"speaker":"this is translation","startTime":3269.333,"endTime":3270.27,"body":"in this whole passage."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3272.107,"endTime":3275.317,"body":"\"See, I had cnawan yfel was cuman"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3275.317,"endTime":3279.09,"body":"\"when I seen this fugol glidan ofer.\""},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3279.09,"endTime":3282.367,"body":"So, \"See, I knew evil was coming"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3282.367,"endTime":3285.96,"body":"\"when I saw this fugol gliding over,\""},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3285.96,"endTime":3288.33,"body":"what do you think fugol means?"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3288.33,"endTime":3290.37,"body":"Bird, bird,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3290.37,"endTime":3293.223,"body":"fugol is a genuine Old"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3290.37,"endTime":3293.223,"body":"English word for bird."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3294.15,"endTime":3298.38,"body":"And the fabrication of"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3294.15,"endTime":3298.38,"body":"the language of the past"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3298.38,"endTime":3299.34,"body":"becomes a feature"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3299.34,"endTime":3301.74,"body":"of all sorts of attempts"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3299.34,"endTime":3301.74,"body":"at historical fiction."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3301.74,"endTime":3305.04,"body":"James Meek's \"To Calais,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3301.74,"endTime":3305.04,"body":"In Ordinary Time,\""},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3305.04,"endTime":3308.43,"body":"set in the 1340s, the"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3305.04,"endTime":3308.43,"body":"time of the Black Death,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3308.43,"endTime":3311.49,"body":"and whenever he goes to"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3308.43,"endTime":3311.49,"body":"one of the characters,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3311.49,"endTime":3313.14,"body":"he starts narrating"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3313.14,"endTime":3315.57,"body":"in a language which is"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3313.14,"endTime":3315.57,"body":"sort of cobbled together"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3315.57,"endTime":3318.27,"body":"from a mixture of the"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3315.57,"endTime":3318.27,"body":"Oxford English Dictionary"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3318.27,"endTime":3321.457,"body":"and his memories of Chaucer,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3321.457,"endTime":3323.527,"body":"\"On the leavings of housewives' stockpots"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3323.527,"endTime":3326.197,"body":"\"the children laid owl"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3323.527,"endTime":3326.197,"body":"pans and rotten crow,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3326.197,"endTime":3327.547,"body":"\"rib of vole and otter,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3327.547,"endTime":3330.817,"body":"\"a deal of brock rigbone,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3327.547,"endTime":3330.817,"body":"some small fowl carrion,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3330.817,"endTime":3333.48,"body":"\"and the shells of things"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3330.817,"endTime":3333.48,"body":"that crawl in mold,\""},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3333.48,"endTime":3334.473,"body":"and so on."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3335.91,"endTime":3338.82,"body":"But there's also a different approach,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3338.82,"endTime":3340.17,"body":"and this is where we'll end,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3340.17,"endTime":3341.28,"body":"which is, I guess,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3341.28,"endTime":3343.14,"body":"here are two examples, I think,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3343.14,"endTime":3344.19,"body":"of really cracking,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3344.19,"endTime":3346.71,"body":"I just thought I'd throw in"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3344.19,"endTime":3346.71,"body":"a couple of recommendations,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3346.71,"endTime":3349.77,"body":"cracking, really good,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3346.71,"endTime":3349.77,"body":"recent historical novels,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3349.77,"endTime":3352.11,"body":"Samantha Harvey's \"The Western Wind,\""},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3352.11,"endTime":3355.14,"body":"which is set in a very, very damp Somerset"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3355.14,"endTime":3356.79,"body":"in the 15th century,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3356.79,"endTime":3358.35,"body":"and \"Golden Hill,\""},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3358.35,"endTime":3363.12,"body":"which is set in New York"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3358.35,"endTime":3363.12,"body":"in the mid 18th century."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3363.12,"endTime":3368.12,"body":"And these books, in a sense,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3368.43,"endTime":3371.85,"body":"sort of try to get you into"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3368.43,"endTime":3371.85,"body":"the mindset of the past"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3371.85,"endTime":3376.65,"body":"without necessarily replicating"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3371.85,"endTime":3376.65,"body":"the language of the past."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3376.65,"endTime":3380.37,"body":"Recent novelists have found,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3380.37,"endTime":3381.78,"body":"carry on still finding,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3381.78,"endTime":3383.16,"body":"that actually,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3383.16,"endTime":3387.36,"body":"historical fiction provides"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3383.16,"endTime":3387.36,"body":"a peculiar sort of freedom."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3387.36,"endTime":3388.95,"body":"The constraints that come with"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3388.95,"endTime":3393.95,"body":"attending to events, conventions,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3388.95,"endTime":3393.95,"body":"social laws of the past"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3394.68,"endTime":3399.09,"body":"actually allow for a kind"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3394.68,"endTime":3399.09,"body":"of formal inventiveness"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3399.09,"endTime":3401.79,"body":"that can be rather exciting, I think,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3401.79,"endTime":3405.15,"body":"to the novelists as"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3401.79,"endTime":3405.15,"body":"much as to the readers."},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3405.15,"endTime":3407.1,"body":"So this is where, of"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3405.15,"endTime":3407.1,"body":"course, we have to end,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3407.1,"endTime":3410.49,"body":"and have to end we do,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3410.49,"endTime":3411.81,"body":"there's only one way to do it,"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3411.81,"endTime":3413.79,"body":"the end of \"The Mirror and the Light.\""},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3413.79,"endTime":3417.42,"body":"And we can't be in any doubt"},{"speaker":"I'll just read the first sentence","startTime":3413.79,"endTime":3417.42,"body":"where we're going with this,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3419.52,"endTime":3422.55,"body":"on the 28th of July, 1540,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3422.55,"endTime":3426.843,"body":"Thomas Cromwell will be"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3422.55,"endTime":3426.843,"body":"beheaded at Tower Hill."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3427.98,"endTime":3430.44,"body":"While we know where he's going,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3430.44,"endTime":3432.33,"body":"he sort of does not."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3432.33,"endTime":3435.0,"body":"Mantel brilliantly exploits"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3435.0,"endTime":3437.83,"body":"the predestination of historical fiction,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3437.83,"endTime":3439.32,"body":"which comes alive"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3439.32,"endTime":3442.71,"body":"in the gap between the reader's knowledge,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3442.71,"endTime":3444.783,"body":"the protagonist's uncertainty."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3445.687,"endTime":3448.867,"body":"\"Beneath him, the ground upheaves."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3448.867,"endTime":3450.577,"body":"\"The river tugs him."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3450.577,"endTime":3452.797,"body":"\"He looks for the quick-moving pattern,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3452.797,"endTime":3455.617,"body":"\"for the flitting, liquid scarlet."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3455.617,"endTime":3458.287,"body":"\"Between a pulse beat"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3455.617,"endTime":3458.287,"body":"and the next, he shifts,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3458.287,"endTime":3461.407,"body":"\"going out on crimson with"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3458.287,"endTime":3461.407,"body":"the tide of his inner sea."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3461.407,"endTime":3463.327,"body":"\"He's far from England now,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3463.327,"endTime":3464.947,"body":"\"far from these islands,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3464.947,"endTime":3466.807,"body":"\"from the waters salt and fresh."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3466.807,"endTime":3468.067,"body":"\"He has vanished,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3468.067,"endTime":3470.677,"body":"\"he is the slippery stones underfoot,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3470.677,"endTime":3473.917,"body":"\"he is the last faint ripple"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3470.677,"endTime":3473.917,"body":"in the wake of himself."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3473.917,"endTime":3476.977,"body":"\"He feels for an opening, blinded,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3476.977,"endTime":3478.417,"body":"\"looking for a door,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3478.417,"endTime":3481.197,"body":"\"tracking the light along the wall.\""},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3482.25,"endTime":3483.083,"body":"And of course,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3483.083,"endTime":3485.34,"body":"he and we go back to the opening"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3483.083,"endTime":3485.34,"body":"of \"Wolf Hall\", actually,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3485.34,"endTime":3486.57,"body":"where, as a boy,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3486.57,"endTime":3488.04,"body":"he's struck down by his father,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3488.04,"endTime":3491.22,"body":"and sees close up the slippery"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3488.04,"endTime":3491.22,"body":"stones by the riverside,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3491.22,"endTime":3493.29,"body":"that's how \"Wolf Hall\" begins."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3493.29,"endTime":3495.3,"body":"Now, his consciousness,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3495.3,"endTime":3497.22,"body":"which has been our consciousness too,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3497.22,"endTime":3499.68,"body":"floats free,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3499.68,"endTime":3501.51,"body":"but blindly fumbling,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3501.51,"endTime":3504.45,"body":"the mind that Hilary Mantel's created"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3504.45,"endTime":3506.4,"body":"holds all our attention"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3506.4,"endTime":3509.55,"body":"and is overcome, overwhelmed."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3509.55,"endTime":3514.55,"body":"And it's an ending that"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3509.55,"endTime":3514.55,"body":"feels bleaker, maybe,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3515.34,"endTime":3516.42,"body":"more moving maybe,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3516.42,"endTime":3519.69,"body":"because, of course, of the"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3516.42,"endTime":3519.69,"body":"author's own untimely death"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3519.69,"endTime":3521.4,"body":"just two years later."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3521.4,"endTime":3525.33,"body":"But it's one thing, it's an ending"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3525.33,"endTime":3529.95,"body":"that is also a kind of new"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3525.33,"endTime":3529.95,"body":"beginning for other novelists."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3529.95,"endTime":3531.403,"body":"Thanks very much."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3531.403,"endTime":3534.403,"body":"(audience applauds)"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3544.072,"endTime":3545.01,"body":"- Thank you very much, professor,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3545.01,"endTime":3547.8,"body":"for this fascinating lecture."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3547.8,"endTime":3550.38,"body":"As usual, we'll start with,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3550.38,"endTime":3552.51,"body":"well, we have time for"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3550.38,"endTime":3552.51,"body":"a couple of questions,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3552.51,"endTime":3555.18,"body":"so we'll start with our audience online."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3555.18,"endTime":3558.6,"body":"Someone's asking about"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3555.18,"endTime":3558.6,"body":"Charles Dickens in particular,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3558.6,"endTime":3561.66,"body":"that's one of the novelists"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3558.6,"endTime":3561.66,"body":"you haven't mentioned."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3561.66,"endTime":3564.3,"body":"- He's in my comfort"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3561.66,"endTime":3564.3,"body":"zone, Sophie, luckily,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3564.3,"endTime":3566.61,"body":"very much in my comfort zone."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3566.61,"endTime":3568.185,"body":"Well, Dickens,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3568.185,"endTime":3569.497,"body":"of course, he wrote two historical novels,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3569.497,"endTime":3572.97,"body":"\"Barnaby Rudge\" and \"A Tale of Two Cities,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3572.97,"endTime":3576.39,"body":"and \"Barnaby Rudge,\" for him,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3576.39,"endTime":3578.7,"body":"was like \"A Place of Greater Safety\""},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3578.7,"endTime":3580.44,"body":"for Hilary Mantel, actually,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3580.44,"endTime":3581.73,"body":"that was going to be her first novel"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3581.73,"endTime":3583.2,"body":"but she kept publishing other things,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3583.2,"endTime":3585.06,"body":"that was the novel she"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3583.2,"endTime":3585.06,"body":"really wanted to publish,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3585.06,"endTime":3587.52,"body":"and it sort of grew beyond her control."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3587.52,"endTime":3588.9,"body":"And Dickens was like that,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3588.9,"endTime":3591.427,"body":"when he wanted to be taken"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3588.9,"endTime":3591.427,"body":"seriously as a novelist,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3591.427,"endTime":3594.66,"body":"of course he made his name"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3591.427,"endTime":3594.66,"body":"instantly with \"Pickwick Papers,\""},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3594.66,"endTime":3597.12,"body":"but he had this really serious"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3594.66,"endTime":3597.12,"body":"thing, \"Barnaby Rudge,\""},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3597.12,"endTime":3600.93,"body":"which he thought would really"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3597.12,"endTime":3600.93,"body":"make people believe in him"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3600.93,"endTime":3603.96,"body":"as an artist, not just an entertainer."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3603.96,"endTime":3606.945,"body":"And in fact, he published it quite late,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3606.945,"endTime":3609.24,"body":"I think it was his fourth"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3606.945,"endTime":3609.24,"body":"novel to be published,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3609.24,"endTime":3610.53,"body":"fact check on that one,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3610.53,"endTime":3612.72,"body":"but anyway, he'd been"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3610.53,"endTime":3612.72,"body":"writing it all along,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3612.72,"endTime":3615.18,"body":"it was his pet project,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3615.18,"endTime":3617.79,"body":"a novel, which is a good novel,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3617.79,"endTime":3620.077,"body":"it doesn't perhaps work"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3617.79,"endTime":3620.077,"body":"as well as his later one,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3620.077,"endTime":3621.87,"body":"\"A Tale of Two Cities,\""},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3621.87,"endTime":3625.98,"body":"which is actually his most"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3621.87,"endTime":3625.98,"body":"frequently republished novel"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3625.98,"endTime":3627.15,"body":"of all his novels,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3627.15,"endTime":3628.41,"body":"and was peculiarly,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3628.41,"endTime":3631.2,"body":"I've never quite found out why,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3631.2,"endTime":3633.51,"body":"but something for me to research,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3633.51,"endTime":3638.37,"body":"was especially popular in Eastern Europe,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3638.37,"endTime":3641.1,"body":"where, despite the fact"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3638.37,"endTime":3641.1,"body":"that it shows revolution"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3641.1,"endTime":3644.43,"body":"to be violent and homicidal,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3644.43,"endTime":3647.4,"body":"but perhaps it also shows the aristocracy"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3647.4,"endTime":3652.4,"body":"to be absolutely appalling,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3647.4,"endTime":3652.4,"body":"heartless, amoral oppressors."},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3653.34,"endTime":3656.76,"body":"But anyway, it's a"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3653.34,"endTime":3656.76,"body":"wonderful novel, I think,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3656.76,"endTime":3660.27,"body":"and perhaps the most successful, possibly,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3660.27,"endTime":3662.7,"body":"most successful Victorian"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3660.27,"endTime":3662.7,"body":"historical novel,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3662.7,"endTime":3665.22,"body":"and you can gauge why just in brief"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3665.22,"endTime":3666.9,"body":"with that famous opening,"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3666.9,"endTime":3669.9,"body":"which I was talking about"},{"speaker":"the concluding volume","startTime":3666.9,"endTime":3669.9,"body":"with some of the audience"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3673.177,"endTime":3676.567,"body":"\"It was the best of times,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3673.177,"endTime":3676.567,"body":"it was the worst of times,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3676.567,"endTime":3678.967,"body":"\"it was the age of wisdom, it"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3676.567,"endTime":3678.967,"body":"was the age of foolishness,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3678.967,"endTime":3680.047,"body":"\"it was the epoch of belief,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3680.047,"endTime":3682.807,"body":"\"it was the epoch of incredulity,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3682.807,"endTime":3685.687,"body":"\"it was the season of light,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3682.807,"endTime":3685.687,"body":"it was the season of darkness,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3685.687,"endTime":3688.05,"body":"\"it was the spring of hope,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3685.687,"endTime":3688.05,"body":"it was the winter of despair,\""},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3688.05,"endTime":3689.73,"body":"and so on."},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3689.73,"endTime":3692.733,"body":"And then he says, at the"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3689.73,"endTime":3692.733,"body":"end of the paragraph,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3694.05,"endTime":3696.6,"body":"in sum, it was just like now,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3696.6,"endTime":3700.17,"body":"where people are always saying"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3696.6,"endTime":3700.17,"body":"things about their own age"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3700.17,"endTime":3702.75,"body":"which are always superlative,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3702.75,"endTime":3703.85,"body":"we've never done this,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3704.76,"endTime":3707.07,"body":"it's the worst time, it's the best time."},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3707.07,"endTime":3711.06,"body":"And one of the reasons"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3707.07,"endTime":3711.06,"body":"that it's a brilliant novel"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3711.06,"endTime":3712.08,"body":"is because it's a novel"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3712.08,"endTime":3715.32,"body":"about characters' own sense"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3712.08,"endTime":3715.32,"body":"of the history, I think,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3715.32,"endTime":3716.37,"body":"they're going through,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3716.37,"endTime":3718.68,"body":"rather than our sense now,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3718.68,"endTime":3720.18,"body":"in a Scott manner,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3720.18,"endTime":3722.04,"body":"of what we think of them,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3722.04,"endTime":3725.1,"body":"and that's the historical strength"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3725.1,"endTime":3726.15,"body":"of \"A Tale of Two Cities,\""},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3726.15,"endTime":3728.1,"body":"and one of the reasons it's memorable,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3728.1,"endTime":3730.98,"body":"apart from the fact that"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3728.1,"endTime":3730.98,"body":"it's also sometimes funny,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3730.98,"endTime":3735.15,"body":"is that it concentrates on"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3730.98,"endTime":3735.15,"body":"what the characters think"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3735.15,"endTime":3737.61,"body":"the history they're going through means."},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3737.61,"endTime":3738.72,"body":"- Thank you very much, professor,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3738.72,"endTime":3742.74,"body":"and please join us for"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3738.72,"endTime":3742.74,"body":"Professor Mullan's next lecture"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3742.74,"endTime":3744.553,"body":"on the 5th of April, endings."},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3744.553,"endTime":3747.0,"body":"- It's about endings, yes,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3747.0,"endTime":3747.99,"body":"it's about endings,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3747.99,"endTime":3751.32,"body":"and it's the last, lamentably,"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3751.32,"endTime":3753.48,"body":"the last of my Gresham lectures."},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3753.48,"endTime":3755.369,"body":"Be there or be square."},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3755.369,"endTime":3756.587,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3756.587,"endTime":3757.42,"body":"- Thank you."},{"speaker":"before I began the lecture","startTime":3757.42,"endTime":3760.42,"body":"(audience applauds)"}]}