{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":5.725,"endTime":9.725,"body":"I am delighted to be giving the last lecture in this series on divas."},{"startTime":9.725,"endTime":16.043,"body":"But I have to say that when I first announced the topic of this series,"},{"startTime":16.043,"endTime":22.362,"body":"I did get one question and reaction quite a lot, which was is Julie Andrews"},{"startTime":22.362,"endTime":23.205,"body":"a diva?"},{"startTime":23.225,"endTime":27.285,"body":"Indeed, one or two people have been very angry with me about just including her."},{"startTime":27.345,"endTime":31.349,"body":"So I'm having to do something which I didn't expect to do, which is to"},{"startTime":31.349,"endTime":33.485,"body":"address why I think that she's a diva."},{"startTime":33.485,"endTime":35.765,"body":"And I thought I would jump straight in with this one."},{"startTime":35.785,"endTime":41.085,"body":"So I give you an example from her debut film in 1964."},{"startTime":41.085,"endTime":45.951,"body":"You may have seen it called Mary Poppins, of what I think of as an"},{"startTime":45.951,"endTime":46.925,"body":"undoubted diva moment."},{"startTime":48.785,"endTime":52.075,"body":"Will we ever be able to see beyond the current observable universe?"},{"startTime":52.455,"endTime":53.475,"body":"Oh, it's much worse than that."},{"startTime":53.575,"endTime":55.395,"body":"The observable universe is shrinking."},{"startTime":55.975,"endTime":60.425,"body":"If you want to know what are my odds of winning the lottery, you come"},{"startTime":60.425,"endTime":61.315,"body":"straight to probability."},{"startTime":61.385,"endTime":65.555,"body":"Yeah, because probability is all about how likely or not events are to happen."},{"startTime":66.075,"endTime":70.509,"body":"I think the chance of there being an undiscovered second species, very like humans out"},{"startTime":70.509,"endTime":72.875,"body":"there in the world today is pretty slender."},{"startTime":72.945,"endTime":73.435,"body":"However,"},{"startTime":74.055,"endTime":75.795,"body":"And these are the pictures, if you haven't seen them."},{"startTime":76.155,"endTime":77.315,"body":"I mean, New York was orange."},{"startTime":77.615,"endTime":78.595,"body":"The air was orange."},{"startTime":78.825,"endTime":82.675,"body":"They said one day out in that air was like smoking a pack of cigarettes."},{"startTime":82.815,"endTime":85.875,"body":"It had the same effect on the lungs as smoking a number of cigarettes."},{"startTime":85.875,"endTime":88.969,"body":"So people who'd never smoked in their life were suddenly going to suffer some of"},{"startTime":88.969,"endTime":89.795,"body":"the same health effects."},{"startTime":90.615,"endTime":95.505,"body":"Any further questions is a brand new podcast from Gresham College, A place where we"},{"startTime":95.505,"endTime":100.396,"body":"ask our speakers all of your questions that went unanswered following their lecture guests have"},{"startTime":100.396,"endTime":104.635,"body":"included Ronald Hutton, Robin May, Chris Lin tot, Sarah Hart and Maggie snowing."},{"startTime":105.095,"endTime":105.995,"body":"Any further questions?"},{"startTime":106.255,"endTime":108.995,"body":"All episodes are available wherever you listen to your podcasts."},{"startTime":115.815,"endTime":121.533,"body":"The honey bees that fetch the nectar from the flowers to the comb, never tired"},{"startTime":121.533,"endTime":127.251,"body":"of ever buzzing to and fro, because they take a little nip from every flower"},{"startTime":127.251,"endTime":128.395,"body":"that they sipp."},{"startTime":128.935,"endTime":137.915,"body":"And hence, and heads they find, they find their task is not right."},{"startTime":148.295,"endTime":148.715,"body":"Cheeky."},{"startTime":150.415,"endTime":154.64,"body":"It calls to mind a kind of diva that we haven't looked at yet in"},{"startTime":154.64,"endTime":158.865,"body":"the series, one that is less serious perhaps than some of the more heavyweight kinds"},{"startTime":158.865,"endTime":160.555,"body":"of divas that we've looked at."},{"startTime":160.975,"endTime":165.583,"body":"And it reminded me of something that I saw quite recently, which was a famous"},{"startTime":165.583,"endTime":170.191,"body":"concert that Maria Callis, one of the undoubted divas of the middle of the 20th"},{"startTime":170.191,"endTime":172.035,"body":"century, gave in Paris in 1958."},{"startTime":172.055,"endTime":176.537,"body":"And in the middle of this very serious program of Opera Arias, she sang Rina's"},{"startTime":176.537,"endTime":179.525,"body":"Aria from the Barbara Seville, which is a comic piece."},{"startTime":179.545,"endTime":185.141,"body":"And something about the personality of this performance reminds me of the Mary Poppins moment"},{"startTime":185.141,"endTime":189.245,"body":"as a way to kind of contextualize something about their characters."},{"startTime":189.245,"endTime":190.565,"body":"So let's have a quick look at this clip."},{"startTime":196.945,"endTime":197.845,"body":"Oh God,"},{"startTime":202.305,"endTime":206.727,"body":"You see, you can generate power and therefore be a diva through humor and charm,"},{"startTime":206.727,"endTime":211.15,"body":"and not just through being serious and kind of belting people in this very heavy"},{"startTime":211.15,"endTime":211.445,"body":"way."},{"startTime":211.705,"endTime":216.293,"body":"And so if we return to my magic matrix of Diva words, which I've shown"},{"startTime":216.293,"endTime":220.882,"body":"in the previous lectures this time, is I have turned all the pejorative words that"},{"startTime":220.882,"endTime":225.47,"body":"we might associate with the concept of the Diva Red, because I think most of"},{"startTime":225.47,"endTime":230.059,"body":"them don't really apply to Julie Andrews' public image, but most of the green ones"},{"startTime":230.059,"endTime":230.365,"body":"do."},{"startTime":230.425,"endTime":234.125,"body":"She is talented and an idol and an icon and outstanding."},{"startTime":234.545,"endTime":238.538,"body":"And in her case, she has achieved this a lot through the likeness of her"},{"startTime":238.538,"endTime":238.805,"body":"voice."},{"startTime":239.065,"endTime":243.873,"body":"And initially through her chole of tour singing and her high singing, and a lot"},{"startTime":243.873,"endTime":248.682,"body":"of her early film appearances contain these moments where she shows off the top of"},{"startTime":248.682,"endTime":250.285,"body":"her voice at strategic moments."},{"startTime":250.425,"endTime":254.741,"body":"So here's an example from a 1968 film called Star, which you may or may"},{"startTime":254.741,"endTime":255.605,"body":"not have known."},{"startTime":255.605,"endTime":256.404,"body":"It was a big flop."},{"startTime":256.825,"endTime":260.32,"body":"And at the end of this song, the has saga of Jenny, she shows off"},{"startTime":260.32,"endTime":261.485,"body":"how high she can sing."},{"startTime":262.185,"endTime":263.205,"body":"Anyone with vision"},{"startTime":263.735,"endTime":264.085,"body":"Comes"},{"startTime":264.105,"endTime":265.965,"body":"To this decision, you must"},{"startTime":272.495,"endTime":276.645,"body":"Never, ever, never."},{"startTime":294.475,"endTime":296.125,"body":"It's a bit like waiting for the number 10 buses."},{"startTime":296.185,"endTime":296.405,"body":"Now."},{"startTime":296.405,"endTime":297.085,"body":"It goes on forever."},{"startTime":297.825,"endTime":301.566,"body":"And it seems to me that the power of her voice was the thing that"},{"startTime":301.566,"endTime":305.308,"body":"really articulated her as a great diva in the sixties, even if these performances tend"},{"startTime":305.308,"endTime":306.805,"body":"to be fun rather than severe."},{"startTime":307.345,"endTime":311.89,"body":"And even her most iconic moment on screen in the whole of her career strikes"},{"startTime":311.89,"endTime":313.405,"body":"me as a diva moment."},{"startTime":313.405,"endTime":317.77,"body":"Because although she's dressed in an incredibly plain way, there is something about the way"},{"startTime":317.77,"endTime":321.845,"body":"that it's filmed with a helicopter zooming in with a camera attached to it."},{"startTime":322.065,"endTime":326.799,"body":"And the way that the orchestra builds thanks to a brilliant arrangement by owing costal"},{"startTime":326.799,"endTime":331.533,"body":"that leads us to have this kind of impact that to me only belongs to"},{"startTime":331.533,"endTime":332.165,"body":"a diva"},{"startTime":358.135,"endTime":361.245,"body":"Alive with the sound of music."},{"startTime":363.645,"endTime":366.457,"body":"I mean, she climbs up to the mountains and gets the camera to come to"},{"startTime":366.457,"endTime":366.645,"body":"her."},{"startTime":366.705,"endTime":368.805,"body":"So how much of a diva can you be?"},{"startTime":369.825,"endTime":374.42,"body":"And all of this goes back to the very beginning of her career, which was"},{"startTime":374.42,"endTime":379.015,"body":"when she was a child, and she was, she became known very quickly as Britain's"},{"startTime":379.015,"endTime":383.61,"body":"youngest prima donna because of the impact of her voice, and in particular, her first"},{"startTime":383.61,"endTime":388.205,"body":"really major appearance at the age of 12 in a variety show called Starlight Roof."},{"startTime":388.225,"endTime":392.249,"body":"And you can see her name in that photograph on the right there, one of"},{"startTime":392.249,"endTime":396.005,"body":"the smallest names in the billing, of course, because she's not a major star."},{"startTime":396.065,"endTime":399.565,"body":"And, but she's appearing alongside a number of major stars."},{"startTime":399.665,"endTime":405.009,"body":"And when we look at the reviews of this performance, we can see that they"},{"startTime":405.009,"endTime":409.285,"body":"consistently talk about her as actually outshining the stars on opening night."},{"startTime":409.505,"endTime":413.645,"body":"And they use words like Radiant and primadonna to describe her."},{"startTime":413.645,"endTime":416.405,"body":"So I think of these as synonyms of the word diva."},{"startTime":416.405,"endTime":419.105,"body":"So I'm gonna stop going on about why I think she's a diva at this"},{"startTime":419.105,"endTime":419.285,"body":"point."},{"startTime":419.945,"endTime":425.287,"body":"But again, the review in the stage calls her a youthful primadonna, fully entitled to"},{"startTime":425.287,"endTime":430.629,"body":"her remarkable reception for some beautiful singing, the rather quain titled Accordion Times a Musical"},{"startTime":430.629,"endTime":435.971,"body":"Express, which wasn't around for nearly long enough, as far as I'm concerned, referred to"},{"startTime":435.971,"endTime":440.245,"body":"her as the kid who stops the show in the first half."},{"startTime":440.625,"endTime":445.085,"body":"And I found this lovely column from November 19, uh, 47."},{"startTime":445.145,"endTime":447.845,"body":"So a week after Starlight Roof opened."},{"startTime":448.105,"endTime":451.245,"body":"And it, um, it's been very badly scanned by the Hollywood reporter."},{"startTime":451.265,"endTime":455.685,"body":"So I've transcribed it for you, and it begins, ever heard of Julie Andrews?"},{"startTime":456.195,"endTime":456.485,"body":"Nope."},{"startTime":457.115,"endTime":458.525,"body":"Well, I guess you soon will."},{"startTime":458.545,"endTime":463.725,"body":"She walked onto the stage of the London Hippodrome, where Vic Oliver's new show, starlike"},{"startTime":463.725,"endTime":468.905,"body":"Roof was being premiered last night, sang in a voice of exquisite purity, the pollies"},{"startTime":468.905,"endTime":474.085,"body":"from Menon, during which she reached F above top C and brought the house down."},{"startTime":474.785,"endTime":478.558,"body":"You see folks, Julie is only 12 years old, and that's why she was the"},{"startTime":478.558,"endTime":479.565,"body":"hit of the evening."},{"startTime":480.945,"endTime":485.727,"body":"Now, the following march, she went into a recording studio and actually recorded this, um,"},{"startTime":485.727,"endTime":486.365,"body":"little performance."},{"startTime":486.425,"endTime":488.285,"body":"So I thought that we would listen to some of it."},{"startTime":488.305,"endTime":492.58,"body":"Now, we haven't got all night, so I have very UNM musically removed the middle"},{"startTime":492.58,"endTime":496.855,"body":"of the song, but it begins with a little conversation between Julie Andrews and Vic"},{"startTime":496.855,"endTime":501.13,"body":"Oliver, who was the guy who was the sort of lead figure in this review,"},{"startTime":501.13,"endTime":503.125,"body":"and it ends with her Cura dynamics."},{"startTime":503.225,"endTime":506.885,"body":"So take a listen to the 12-year-old Julie Andrews."},{"startTime":507.985,"endTime":513.867,"body":"Ladies and gentlemen, I have great pleasure introducing to you our youngest soprano from Starlight"},{"startTime":513.867,"endTime":515.044,"body":"Roof, Julie Andrews."},{"startTime":515.235,"endTime":518.565,"body":"Well, Julie, is this the first time you've ever made a gramophone record?"},{"startTime":518.825,"endTime":519.245,"body":"Oh, yes."},{"startTime":519.304,"endTime":520.525,"body":"Is it your first record too?"},{"startTime":521.345,"endTime":521.885,"body":"Not exactly."},{"startTime":521.985,"endTime":522.205,"body":"No."},{"startTime":522.585,"endTime":523.164,"body":"How old are you?"},{"startTime":523.544,"endTime":523.765,"body":"I'm"},{"startTime":523.885,"endTime":524.085,"body":"12."},{"startTime":524.385,"endTime":525.085,"body":"How old are you?"},{"startTime":526.505,"endTime":528.325,"body":"Um, I think I'll better ask the questions."},{"startTime":528.835,"endTime":530.005,"body":"What are you going to sing for us?"},{"startTime":530.425,"endTime":532.085,"body":"I'd like to sing the pollies"},{"startTime":532.085,"endTime":532.765,"body":"From Meme."},{"startTime":532.945,"endTime":533.525,"body":"Oh, lovely."},{"startTime":533.715,"endTime":534.765,"body":"Just the kind of junk"},{"startTime":534.925,"endTime":535.445,"body":"I like"},{"startTime":626.505,"endTime":628.725,"body":"You really couldn't get away with this in the Opera House."},{"startTime":628.745,"endTime":632.66,"body":"And indeed, she's not really using vibrato most of the way through that, which is"},{"startTime":632.66,"endTime":633.965,"body":"very peculiar in operatic terms."},{"startTime":634.425,"endTime":638.728,"body":"And I'm certainly not saying that she's a a Maria callous type of singer, but"},{"startTime":638.728,"endTime":641.885,"body":"there is something impactful there, and it really caused a stir."},{"startTime":641.965,"endTime":647.389,"body":"I found this interview from November, 1947 with a man who was a ventriloquist, who"},{"startTime":647.389,"endTime":651.005,"body":"appeared in the very first Royal Command performance in 1912."},{"startTime":651.185,"endTime":656.168,"body":"And he started agitating to say that she should be allowed to be in the"},{"startTime":656.168,"endTime":657.165,"body":"royal variety performance."},{"startTime":657.545,"endTime":662.645,"body":"And the following October it was announced that she would appear as a featured artist"},{"startTime":662.645,"endTime":667.745,"body":"alongside Danny Kay, who was a major star by this point, um, and sing her"},{"startTime":667.745,"endTime":670.125,"body":"great aria in the royal variety performance."},{"startTime":670.125,"endTime":671.965,"body":"And she led the national anthem."},{"startTime":672.065,"endTime":676.617,"body":"So she was really going up in at least the country, if not the world,"},{"startTime":676.617,"endTime":679.045,"body":"by the age of 13 at this point."},{"startTime":680.485,"endTime":684.585,"body":"And it might be easy to think from all of this, that therefore she had"},{"startTime":684.585,"endTime":686.225,"body":"this rosy upbringing and easy ascent."},{"startTime":686.225,"endTime":690.687,"body":"But in actual fact, it's very clear from her autobiography that her background was very"},{"startTime":690.687,"endTime":690.985,"body":"difficult."},{"startTime":691.565,"endTime":695.665,"body":"Her father, Ted Wells, was a teacher of woodwork and metalwork."},{"startTime":695.765,"endTime":697.105,"body":"Her mother was a pianist."},{"startTime":697.525,"endTime":702.433,"body":"And when they were, when she was about seven years old, when Julie was about"},{"startTime":702.433,"endTime":707.341,"body":"seven years old, her parents broke up and her mother went off with a professional"},{"startTime":707.341,"endTime":709.305,"body":"singer from Canada called Ted Andrews."},{"startTime":709.325,"endTime":713.405,"body":"So two Teds, both Father Fi father figures, which is a bit complicated."},{"startTime":714.225,"endTime":720.114,"body":"And they renamed her from Julia Wells to Julie Andrews, and she was forced to"},{"startTime":720.114,"endTime":721.685,"body":"take her stepfather's name."},{"startTime":722.265,"endTime":727.5,"body":"And then when she was 15 or so, she describes having been taken to a"},{"startTime":727.5,"endTime":729.245,"body":"party of a family friend."},{"startTime":729.825,"endTime":733.875,"body":"Um, and then afterwards on the way home, her mother told her that that was"},{"startTime":733.875,"endTime":734.685,"body":"her biological father."},{"startTime":734.825,"endTime":739.259,"body":"So she then had a third father figure in her life whom, um, she seems"},{"startTime":739.259,"endTime":743.693,"body":"not to have really engaged with, and she very much regarded Tedd wells as her"},{"startTime":743.693,"endTime":744.285,"body":"father figure."},{"startTime":744.625,"endTime":746.365,"body":"But you can see that life was very difficult."},{"startTime":746.675,"endTime":751.155,"body":"Something else, um, that happened was that then she went to live in London during"},{"startTime":751.155,"endTime":755.636,"body":"the Blitz with her stepfather and her mother, and she talks about going to live"},{"startTime":755.636,"endTime":760.116,"body":"in Mornington Crescent, what a occur, and having to, um, live in this apartment where"},{"startTime":760.116,"endTime":762.805,"body":"there wasn't enough space for them all to sleep."},{"startTime":763.225,"endTime":768.75,"body":"So a room in the basement of the building was taken over some kind of"},{"startTime":768.75,"endTime":774.276,"body":"utility room, and she describes how two barred windows revealed a wall mere inches behind"},{"startTime":774.276,"endTime":774.645,"body":"them."},{"startTime":774.745,"endTime":778.748,"body":"The place was freshened up, but after the first 24 hours, we kept the lights"},{"startTime":778.748,"endTime":782.485,"body":"on, she says all night as rats would emerge and creep along the pipe."},{"startTime":782.625,"endTime":785.125,"body":"So another difficult part of her childhood."},{"startTime":786.185,"endTime":791.362,"body":"And then she jo, she joined her, um, stepfather and Mother's act, and they started"},{"startTime":791.362,"endTime":796.539,"body":"going around the country together, but eventually she was hired to do performances on her"},{"startTime":796.539,"endTime":796.885,"body":"own."},{"startTime":797.025,"endTime":801.545,"body":"So for example, when all three of them were in Blackpool, her stepfather and mother"},{"startTime":801.545,"endTime":806.065,"body":"were appearing on the kind of end of the Pier show, and she was appearing"},{"startTime":806.065,"endTime":810.285,"body":"at the Blackpool Hippodrome Theater in a, a kind of much more significant production."},{"startTime":810.545,"endTime":812.645,"body":"So this too caused some tension."},{"startTime":814.665,"endTime":820.758,"body":"She then started to, um, encounter puberty and started to find that her voice was"},{"startTime":820.758,"endTime":821.165,"body":"changing."},{"startTime":821.185,"endTime":824.662,"body":"And she said that I found I was losing the top note notes of my"},{"startTime":824.662,"endTime":826.285,"body":"voice, and it was beginning to mature."},{"startTime":826.345,"endTime":831.725,"body":"So the white thin quality that had defined her cura was becoming warmer, richer."},{"startTime":832.025,"endTime":833.125,"body":"And she began to worry."},{"startTime":833.185,"endTime":837.725,"body":"She says, since the little girl with the high voice image was still her gimmick."},{"startTime":838.705,"endTime":843.087,"body":"So she talks very vividly in her book about the kind of the difficult transition"},{"startTime":843.087,"endTime":847.47,"body":"she had to make already at this point in her career when she was still"},{"startTime":847.47,"endTime":850.685,"body":"kind of a mid teenager into a different kind of performer."},{"startTime":850.685,"endTime":856.307,"body":"And one of the things she did was to perform, um, the first of her"},{"startTime":856.307,"endTime":860.805,"body":"major musical theater roles, which was Polly in the Boyfriend on Broadway."},{"startTime":861.265,"endTime":866.387,"body":"And what's noticeable to me, having re-watched all her films recently and thought about them"},{"startTime":866.387,"endTime":871.51,"body":"all is how often she has played a character who undergo, undergo some kind of"},{"startTime":871.51,"endTime":876.633,"body":"change and becomes somebody else often quite quickly during the story in thoroughly modern Millie,"},{"startTime":876.633,"endTime":881.755,"body":"she stops being this prim Edwardian woman and becomes a flapper within about 30 seconds"},{"startTime":881.755,"endTime":883.805,"body":"at the beginning of the film."},{"startTime":884.305,"endTime":888.545,"body":"But that plot point becomes a tension throughout the story that the whole time she's"},{"startTime":888.545,"endTime":890.525,"body":"pretending to be someone that she's not."},{"startTime":890.665,"endTime":895.155,"body":"And of course, in my Fair Lady, she's a flower girl, pretends to be a"},{"startTime":895.155,"endTime":899.645,"body":"Duchess in two versions of Cinderella, she becomes a princess in the sound of music."},{"startTime":899.705,"endTime":902.805,"body":"She goes from being a nun into a Baroness and all the rest of it."},{"startTime":903.425,"endTime":908.202,"body":"And it seems to me that this aspect of transformation is at the heart of"},{"startTime":908.202,"endTime":912.98,"body":"her success as a performer, in that she seems to embody this sense of, um,"},{"startTime":912.98,"endTime":916.165,"body":"social mobility that a lot of the audience could feel."},{"startTime":917.945,"endTime":923.965,"body":"My Fair Lady was her really big breakthrough role in 1956 on Broadway."},{"startTime":923.965,"endTime":926.045,"body":"It ran for six and a half years, although not with her."},{"startTime":926.065,"endTime":928.445,"body":"It got the best reviews of a Generation."},{"startTime":928.445,"endTime":931.485,"body":"People said it was the best musical for 25 years."},{"startTime":931.945,"endTime":936.002,"body":"And so she had real impact here, did it on Broadway, and then came and"},{"startTime":936.002,"endTime":937.085,"body":"did it in London."},{"startTime":937.705,"endTime":942.648,"body":"But famously, she was replaced in the 1964 Jack Warner film version by Audrey Hein,"},{"startTime":942.648,"endTime":945.285,"body":"who was the biggest star at the time."},{"startTime":945.305,"endTime":950.632,"body":"And this is something that was discussed quite openly at the time, indeed, by Julie"},{"startTime":950.632,"endTime":955.605,"body":"Andrews herself, who went off and made Mary Poppins instead of My Fair Lady."},{"startTime":955.705,"endTime":960.153,"body":"And she performed quite a zinga when she accepted her award at the Golden Globes"},{"startTime":960.153,"endTime":964.602,"body":"that year, and thanked Jack Warner for not having cast her in My Fair Lady,"},{"startTime":964.602,"endTime":969.051,"body":"because if she'd done it, she would've ended up not winning the Oscar and the"},{"startTime":969.051,"endTime":969.645,"body":"Golden Globe."},{"startTime":969.745,"endTime":970.445,"body":"For finally"},{"startTime":970.505,"endTime":973.778,"body":"My thanks to a man who made a wonderful movie and who made all this"},{"startTime":973.778,"endTime":975.525,"body":"possible in the first place, Mr. Jack Warner,"},{"startTime":982.935,"endTime":984.485,"body":"Never tell me she's not a diva."},{"startTime":985.615,"endTime":991.847,"body":"Let's consider, um, quite briefly the differences or the difference between Audrey Hepburn and Julie"},{"startTime":991.847,"endTime":993.925,"body":"Andrews's performance in this role."},{"startTime":994.285,"endTime":998.317,"body":"I mean, we could go on for an hour just about this point of analysis,"},{"startTime":998.317,"endTime":1002.35,"body":"but trying to encapsulate what I think one of the big points of difference between"},{"startTime":1002.35,"endTime":1005.845,"body":"them is, let's take a look at the second verse of the song."},{"startTime":1005.995,"endTime":1007.925,"body":"Show me from the second half of the story."},{"startTime":1008.495,"endTime":1012.213,"body":"First of all, we're gonna see Audrey Hepburn with Jeremy Brett there, both of them"},{"startTime":1012.213,"endTime":1013.205,"body":"dubbed in the film."},{"startTime":1014.185,"endTime":1020.428,"body":"And, um, Hepburn is dubbed by Marni Nixon, who dubbed many famous actresses, um, in"},{"startTime":1020.428,"endTime":1020.845,"body":"Hollywood"},{"startTime":1022.265,"endTime":1023.045,"body":"To be a dream."},{"startTime":1023.585,"endTime":1030.805,"body":"Say one more word and a scream, having your arms hunger for mine."},{"startTime":1031.025,"endTime":1035.243,"body":"Please don't explain, show me, show me."},{"startTime":1036.175,"endTime":1040.845,"body":"Don't wait until and pop out all over."},{"startTime":1051.145,"endTime":1055.303,"body":"It is a beautifully filmed moment, but it's quite sung by Marni Nixon, which you"},{"startTime":1055.303,"endTime":1059.461,"body":"can understand because in films we don't tend to get that so much of that"},{"startTime":1059.461,"endTime":1061.125,"body":"kind of acty type of singing."},{"startTime":1061.585,"endTime":1065.503,"body":"But if we look at Julie Andrews doing the same number almost around the same"},{"startTime":1065.503,"endTime":1065.765,"body":"time."},{"startTime":1065.765,"endTime":1067.205,"body":"This is from a television special."},{"startTime":1067.315,"endTime":1071.89,"body":"Unfortunately, the, the, um, it's, it's a bit too bright and overexposed, but you can"},{"startTime":1071.89,"endTime":1076.465,"body":"still get a sense of how different her characterization is, especially from the point of"},{"startTime":1076.465,"endTime":1077.685,"body":"view of her singing."},{"startTime":1078.275,"endTime":1082.685,"body":"Haven't your lip for my touch and don't say how much."},{"startTime":1082.995,"endTime":1085.285,"body":"Show me, show me."},{"startTime":1086.535,"endTime":1089.285,"body":"Don't talk of love lasting through time."},{"startTime":1089.915,"endTime":1091.885,"body":"Make me no lying apart."},{"startTime":1093.355,"endTime":1096.805,"body":"Show now."},{"startTime":1099.845,"endTime":1100.885,"body":"Sing me no song."},{"startTime":1101.375,"endTime":1102.485,"body":"Leave me no rhyme."},{"startTime":1102.975,"endTime":1104.045,"body":"Don't waste my time."},{"startTime":1104.555,"endTime":1104.845,"body":"Show"},{"startTime":1104.845,"endTime":1105.045,"body":"Me"},{"startTime":1106.495,"endTime":1110.365,"body":"Don't talk, don't talk, don't talk"},{"startTime":1110.385,"endTime":1110.765,"body":"At all."},{"startTime":1111.475,"endTime":1111.765,"body":"Show"},{"startTime":1111.785,"endTime":1112.005,"body":"Me."},{"startTime":1112.905,"endTime":1114.965,"body":"But never do I ever want to hear another word."},{"startTime":1115.495,"endTime":1118.285,"body":"There isn't one I haven't heard."},{"startTime":1119.665,"endTime":1121.165,"body":"We are together and not ought to be a dream."},{"startTime":1121.785,"endTime":1131.535,"body":"Say one more word and I'll scream, haven't your arms for, please don't, and show"},{"startTime":1131.535,"endTime":1133.485,"body":"me, show me."},{"startTime":1134.575,"endTime":1138.085,"body":"Don't wait until wrinkles and lines pop."},{"startTime":1140.835,"endTime":1141.125,"body":"Sure."},{"startTime":1150.515,"endTime":1153.445,"body":"There's something much more vigorous about the way that she does it."},{"startTime":1153.545,"endTime":1157.887,"body":"And to me, the thing that she does is to keep alive the flower girl,"},{"startTime":1157.887,"endTime":1159.045,"body":"bit of Eliza Doolittle."},{"startTime":1159.045,"endTime":1160.645,"body":"And it's partly through the singing."},{"startTime":1160.865,"endTime":1165.281,"body":"She does an awful lot of acting through her singing, and it's not got that"},{"startTime":1165.281,"endTime":1169.697,"body":"same sweet quality that we get in Marni Nixon's version, and which seems to hold"},{"startTime":1169.697,"endTime":1173.525,"body":"Audrey Hepburn back in that song and in a lot of her songs."},{"startTime":1173.905,"endTime":1176.205,"body":"And one, I don't really blame Marni Nixon at all."},{"startTime":1176.285,"endTime":1180.485,"body":"I think it's a very difficult gig to get to dub Audrey Hepburn in My"},{"startTime":1180.485,"endTime":1181.045,"body":"Fair Lady."},{"startTime":1181.225,"endTime":1185.952,"body":"And indeed, Audrey Hepburn is already kind of the duchess when she sets out, so"},{"startTime":1185.952,"endTime":1190.679,"body":"a very difficult, um, task for her, whereas Andrews kind of understands this journey a"},{"startTime":1190.679,"endTime":1192.885,"body":"bit more and manages to express it."},{"startTime":1193.505,"endTime":1198.082,"body":"The other thing that started to come through in some of these earlier appearances, this"},{"startTime":1198.082,"endTime":1202.659,"body":"one is from Rogers and Cinderella, which was a, a television musical written especially for"},{"startTime":1202.659,"endTime":1202.965,"body":"her."},{"startTime":1203.065,"endTime":1209.148,"body":"And, um, broadcast, uh, it is said to over a hundred million people in March,"},{"startTime":1209.148,"endTime":1210.365,"body":"1957 performed live."},{"startTime":1210.865,"endTime":1213.485,"body":"Is that the, um, first octave of her voice?"},{"startTime":1213.485,"endTime":1218.445,"body":"The lower part of her voice is incredibly expressive because she's a soprano."},{"startTime":1218.825,"endTime":1223.175,"body":"She doesn't have to work too hard to create the singing in that part of"},{"startTime":1223.175,"endTime":1227.525,"body":"her voice, but she's able to really finesse the sound and put the yearning across."},{"startTime":1227.825,"endTime":1232.331,"body":"And I've chosen a bit of the duet from Cinderella that she performs with the"},{"startTime":1232.331,"endTime":1236.838,"body":"Prince to kind of encapsulate that feeling because I do think she has the ability"},{"startTime":1236.838,"endTime":1241.045,"body":"to touch listeners and viewers through her singing in a way that's quite particular"},{"startTime":1243.305,"endTime":1243.525,"body":"Why"},{"startTime":1282.385,"endTime":1286.735,"body":"She went on to play more royalty in her next Broadway appearance, which was the,"},{"startTime":1286.735,"endTime":1287.605,"body":"the musical Camelot."},{"startTime":1287.605,"endTime":1293.155,"body":"And as is well known, this was a very troubled production whereby the designer died"},{"startTime":1293.155,"endTime":1295.005,"body":"before they even started rehearsing."},{"startTime":1295.025,"endTime":1298.981,"body":"And the director had a heart attack, and the writer ended up in hospital as"},{"startTime":1298.981,"endTime":1299.245,"body":"well."},{"startTime":1299.305,"endTime":1304.262,"body":"So it was very difficult for them to refine a very difficult story, uh, exactly"},{"startTime":1304.262,"endTime":1306.245,"body":"the period where they needed to."},{"startTime":1306.345,"endTime":1311.445,"body":"But what's interesting is looking at the reviews of Camelot when it was in Boston"},{"startTime":1311.445,"endTime":1316.545,"body":"before it had made it to New York, is that the audience is clearly reacting"},{"startTime":1316.545,"endTime":1321.645,"body":"very badly to the spectacle of Julie Andrews as Queen g Guinevere, cheating on King"},{"startTime":1321.645,"endTime":1325.045,"body":"Arthur with Learn Lot Dulac because it was Julie Andrews."},{"startTime":1325.065,"endTime":1330.702,"body":"So for the first time, she was encountering the problems of her own image in"},{"startTime":1330.702,"endTime":1334.085,"body":"wanting, in doing what she wanted to do artistically."},{"startTime":1334.425,"endTime":1335.765,"body":"And it was a difficult experience."},{"startTime":1335.805,"endTime":1341.28,"body":"I think she writes very movingly in her memoirs about how she feels about live"},{"startTime":1341.28,"endTime":1341.645,"body":"theater."},{"startTime":1341.705,"endTime":1345.973,"body":"And I'm sorry to read out such a long quote, but I think it's so"},{"startTime":1345.973,"endTime":1347.965,"body":"particular having read both of her memoirs."},{"startTime":1347.985,"endTime":1348.205,"body":"Now."},{"startTime":1348.345,"endTime":1351.228,"body":"The way that she writes about this is quite different from the way she writes"},{"startTime":1351.228,"endTime":1351.805,"body":"about anything else."},{"startTime":1352.145,"endTime":1353.085,"body":"So let's take a look."},{"startTime":1353.425,"endTime":1358.375,"body":"She says to describe now what theater means to me and what the work feels"},{"startTime":1358.375,"endTime":1359.365,"body":"like is difficult."},{"startTime":1359.625,"endTime":1364.581,"body":"One is usually so busy attempting to find answers and hone them into honesty, focusing"},{"startTime":1364.581,"endTime":1369.538,"body":"on the moment and its progression, sending it out, and finding the well of energy"},{"startTime":1369.538,"endTime":1374.165,"body":"that it takes my feelings about it shift and change on any given day."},{"startTime":1374.515,"endTime":1379.825,"body":"Once in a while, I experience an emotion on stage that's so gut wrenching, so"},{"startTime":1379.825,"endTime":1383.365,"body":"heart stopping that I could weep with gratitude and joy."},{"startTime":1383.745,"endTime":1389.205,"body":"The feeling catches and magnifies so rapidly that it threatens to engulf me."},{"startTime":1389.545,"endTime":1393.125,"body":"It starts as a base note resonating deep in my system."},{"startTime":1393.755,"endTime":1397.365,"body":"Literally, it's like the warmest lowest sound from a contra base."},{"startTime":1397.365,"endTime":1400.885,"body":"There's a sudden thrill of connection and awareness of size."},{"startTime":1401.625,"endTime":1406.908,"body":"Um, this, the theater itself where history has been absorbed, where darkness contains mystery and"},{"startTime":1406.908,"endTime":1407.965,"body":"light has meaning."},{"startTime":1408.535,"endTime":1412.217,"body":"Light is a part of it to be flooded with it, to absorb it and"},{"startTime":1412.217,"endTime":1413.445,"body":"allow it through the body."},{"startTime":1414.355,"endTime":1415.885,"body":"Most of all, it's the music."},{"startTime":1416.275,"endTime":1420.453,"body":"When a great sweep of sound makes you attempt things that earlier in the day,"},{"startTime":1420.453,"endTime":1422.125,"body":"you might never have thought possible."},{"startTime":1422.395,"endTime":1427.057,"body":"When the orchestra swells to support your voice when the melody is perfect, and the"},{"startTime":1427.057,"endTime":1430.165,"body":"words so right there could not possibly be any others."},{"startTime":1430.665,"endTime":1432.365,"body":"And that is the moment to share it."},{"startTime":1432.945,"endTime":1434.965,"body":"One sense is the audience feeling it too."},{"startTime":1435.065,"endTime":1438.005,"body":"And together you ride the ecstasy all the way home."},{"startTime":1438.265,"endTime":1442.424,"body":"So she doesn't write about recording albums like this or about making films like this"},{"startTime":1442.424,"endTime":1444.365,"body":"or being in a pantomime like this."},{"startTime":1444.365,"endTime":1449.492,"body":"She's very specific about the medium, and yet she didn't appear in a musical again"},{"startTime":1449.492,"endTime":1451.885,"body":"for over 30 years on the stage."},{"startTime":1452.705,"endTime":1456.965,"body":"And instead she went to Hollywood and became a movie star."},{"startTime":1457.465,"endTime":1460.992,"body":"And what I really like looking at the, the list of the first seven films"},{"startTime":1460.992,"endTime":1464.285,"body":"that she made in Hollywood is that she really was a proper movie star."},{"startTime":1464.405,"endTime":1470.033,"body":"I think that probably the general public doesn't always realize this about her, but only"},{"startTime":1470.033,"endTime":1472.285,"body":"the movies in green are musicals."},{"startTime":1472.285,"endTime":1474.765,"body":"And the other one are, the other ones are non-musical films."},{"startTime":1475.305,"endTime":1480.594,"body":"So for example, the Americanization of Emily is a very serious, interesting anti-war movie quite"},{"startTime":1480.594,"endTime":1482.005,"body":"ahead of its time."},{"startTime":1482.415,"endTime":1483.365,"body":"She's very good in it."},{"startTime":1483.995,"endTime":1489.125,"body":"Torn curtain is one of Hitchcock's slightly weaker films, but she's very good in it."},{"startTime":1489.545,"endTime":1494.325,"body":"She plays the fiance of, um, Paul Newman, who is a scientist, an American scientist,"},{"startTime":1494.325,"endTime":1499.105,"body":"and who appears to defect to East Germany, but is actually going to try and"},{"startTime":1499.105,"endTime":1503.886,"body":"find out how far they have developed their anti-missile systems and what they understand about"},{"startTime":1503.886,"endTime":1504.205,"body":"it."},{"startTime":1504.425,"endTime":1508.691,"body":"So poor Julie goes along for the ride and doesn't know whether he's doing bad"},{"startTime":1508.691,"endTime":1512.957,"body":"things or good things, and she has to embody through quite a weak screenplay that"},{"startTime":1512.957,"endTime":1517.223,"body":"feeling that the audience feels of not knowing what's going on because it's not revealed"},{"startTime":1517.223,"endTime":1518.645,"body":"for quite a long time."},{"startTime":1519.265,"endTime":1523.282,"body":"But the one that really stuck with me rewatching all these films was Hawaii, which"},{"startTime":1523.282,"endTime":1526.765,"body":"is definitely a problematic and not a, a brilliant piece of screen making."},{"startTime":1526.955,"endTime":1530.325,"body":"It's over two and a half hours long in its complete version."},{"startTime":1530.905,"endTime":1535.485,"body":"And it's one of those epic 1960s Hollywood films that seem to go on forever."},{"startTime":1535.485,"endTime":1539.853,"body":"They've had so much money thrown at them that the, the story gets a bit"},{"startTime":1539.853,"endTime":1542.765,"body":"buried and it's certainly a problematic story in some ways."},{"startTime":1543.465,"endTime":1548.184,"body":"But there is a scene two hours into the film, which we're going to see"},{"startTime":1548.184,"endTime":1551.645,"body":"a bit of where she confronts the character of her husband."},{"startTime":1552.065,"endTime":1557.445,"body":"So her husband is a Calvinist missionary who's gone to Hawaii to introduce Christianity."},{"startTime":1558.185,"endTime":1559.285,"body":"Not at all problematic."},{"startTime":1560.025,"endTime":1564.63,"body":"And by this point in the film, the population has started to die off because"},{"startTime":1564.63,"endTime":1566.165,"body":"of a me measles outbreak."},{"startTime":1566.545,"endTime":1571.332,"body":"So lots of people die, and her husband takes a very hard view of this"},{"startTime":1571.332,"endTime":1574.205,"body":"and says it was God's will that they died."},{"startTime":1574.825,"endTime":1580.408,"body":"And finally, Julie, he's been given lots of very passive scenes to play up to"},{"startTime":1580.408,"endTime":1585.992,"body":"this point, speaks the conscience of the audience, and kind of articulates the problems with"},{"startTime":1585.992,"endTime":1586.365,"body":"colonialism."},{"startTime":1587.425,"endTime":1590.005,"body":"If I did not believe I could not call myself a Christian,"},{"startTime":1591.595,"endTime":1593.725,"body":"Then I will no longer call myself a Christian."},{"startTime":1595.375,"endTime":1597.015,"body":"I don't believe in your God of wrath."},{"startTime":1597.975,"endTime":1599.695,"body":"I don't believe karaoke is in hell either."},{"startTime":1600.615,"endTime":1603.836,"body":"I believe he has found God and malama with him and Klo and all those"},{"startTime":1603.836,"endTime":1605.125,"body":"who died there on the beach."},{"startTime":1605.945,"endTime":1608.685,"body":"But it's impossible for the unbaptized to enter heaven"},{"startTime":1608.905,"endTime":1609.605,"body":"Ho abna."},{"startTime":1609.755,"endTime":1614.339,"body":"I've never seen a people more generous, more loving, more filled with Christian sweetness than"},{"startTime":1614.339,"endTime":1614.645,"body":"these."},{"startTime":1615.485,"endTime":1618.645,"body":"I will not believe that God has rejected them simply because they haven't been baptized."},{"startTime":1620.185,"endTime":1622.685,"body":"Not even that lost child whose birth you cursed."},{"startTime":1632.635,"endTime":1634.105,"body":"These things are God's will,"},{"startTime":1635.645,"endTime":1636.105,"body":"Not mine."},{"startTime":1639.335,"endTime":1639.745,"body":"What else?"},{"startTime":1639.765,"endTime":1642.465,"body":"But God's wrath has the power to annihilate them,"},{"startTime":1644.165,"endTime":1653.47,"body":"Disease despair, our lack of love, our inability to find them beautiful, our contempt for"},{"startTime":1653.47,"endTime":1660.295,"body":"their ways, our lust for their land, our greed, our arrogance."},{"startTime":1662.335,"endTime":1663.785,"body":"That is what kills the abna."},{"startTime":1666.155,"endTime":1669.79,"body":"It's really interesting seeing her in these non-musical roles because there's none of the trappings"},{"startTime":1669.79,"endTime":1671.245,"body":"of the sound of music here."},{"startTime":1672.145,"endTime":1674.445,"body":"And she's very good in most of these films."},{"startTime":1674.545,"endTime":1679.03,"body":"She, I think she's been very misfortunate in being the best thing about a number"},{"startTime":1679.03,"endTime":1680.525,"body":"of these less famous films."},{"startTime":1680.625,"endTime":1683.925,"body":"And she often manages to transcend a very mixed material."},{"startTime":1684.425,"endTime":1689.08,"body":"Anyway, in the middle of this period, she also made the first of her, um,"},{"startTime":1689.08,"endTime":1692.805,"body":"famous television specials with the Broadway star and TV star Carol Burnett."},{"startTime":1692.805,"endTime":1697.005,"body":"And they did a rather cheeky thing, which was to take over the classical music"},{"startTime":1697.005,"endTime":1701.205,"body":"venue, Carnegie Hall, and to, um, put on a kind of review show, a bit"},{"startTime":1701.205,"endTime":1705.405,"body":"like the kind that she would've known as a child and kind of mock all"},{"startTime":1705.405,"endTime":1708.765,"body":"kinds of things that were going on in society at the time."},{"startTime":1708.985,"endTime":1713.349,"body":"And the one that became by far the most significant to her career, although she"},{"startTime":1713.349,"endTime":1717.714,"body":"would not know it yet, I believe was a number called from Switzerland, the Pratt"},{"startTime":1717.714,"endTime":1718.005,"body":"family."},{"startTime":1719.265,"endTime":1722.165,"body":"We are the happy Swiss Family Prep."},{"startTime":1722.865,"endTime":1724.325,"body":"Oh, ladies,"},{"startTime":1726.625,"endTime":1731.21,"body":"We bring you a happy song that I used to sing when I was a"},{"startTime":1731.21,"endTime":1733.045,"body":"happy nun back home in Switzerland"},{"startTime":1742.645,"endTime":1745.145,"body":"And yogurt and good and bread"},{"startTime":1745.825,"endTime":1748.985,"body":"Puddings and starches and dunkings like that."},{"startTime":1749.495,"endTime":1755.945,"body":"What makes we like best are these pigs and cheese."},{"startTime":1757.805,"endTime":1761.564,"body":"And what this helps us to tap into is the fact that when the Sound"},{"startTime":1761.564,"endTime":1765.323,"body":"of Music opened in 1959 and ran in New York, it was a big hit,"},{"startTime":1765.323,"endTime":1765.825,"body":"very popular."},{"startTime":1766.245,"endTime":1770.365,"body":"It was by Rogers and Hammerstein and Lindsay and Kra was great writers of the"},{"startTime":1770.365,"endTime":1774.486,"body":"day, but it was also an open joke amongst a lot of the more sophisticated"},{"startTime":1774.486,"endTime":1775.585,"body":"people in New York."},{"startTime":1775.805,"endTime":1779.679,"body":"And, uh, and so in this number of course, they are mocking the song, my"},{"startTime":1779.679,"endTime":1783.554,"body":"Favorite Things, and they go on to mock some of the other songs from the"},{"startTime":1783.554,"endTime":1787.428,"body":"Sound of Music, which helps to explain why when they made the film, the sound"},{"startTime":1787.428,"endTime":1791.045,"body":"of music changes had to be happen, and some of these had to happen."},{"startTime":1791.395,"endTime":1795.483,"body":"Some of these changes were just to address the fact that she was a different"},{"startTime":1795.483,"endTime":1799.572,"body":"kind of singer from Mary Martin who'd played the role of Maria Von Trap on"},{"startTime":1799.572,"endTime":1799.845,"body":"Broadway."},{"startTime":1799.985,"endTime":1804.265,"body":"So for example, at the end of the song Dore Me, Mary Martin does a,"},{"startTime":1804.265,"endTime":1807.405,"body":"a long scale downwards and shows how low she can sing."},{"startTime":1807.475,"endTime":1811.765,"body":"Whereas in the film version, they change it to show off Julie's high B flat."},{"startTime":1811.825,"endTime":1815.406,"body":"In fact, it's a particularly fruity note that she comes out with at the end"},{"startTime":1815.406,"endTime":1815.645,"body":"that"},{"startTime":1844.815,"endTime":1849.073,"body":"Such was the popularity of the sound of music amongst the public, that there became"},{"startTime":1849.073,"endTime":1851.345,"body":"this sort of fatigue of poor Julie Andrews."},{"startTime":1851.725,"endTime":1856.576,"body":"And when I was rewatching the second of the specials that she made with Carol"},{"startTime":1856.576,"endTime":1861.428,"body":"Burnett, I found in this big medley that they did of hits from the 1960s,"},{"startTime":1861.428,"endTime":1866.279,"body":"there's a moment where Carol Burnett seems to speak for all of the snooty critics"},{"startTime":1866.279,"endTime":1871.131,"body":"of the East Coast of America when she interrupts Julie Andrews singing a song that"},{"startTime":1871.131,"endTime":1872.425,"body":"we've already heard, oh,"},{"startTime":1881.535,"endTime":1882.505,"body":"Pull Yourself Together."},{"startTime":1883.255,"endTime":1884.225,"body":"It's just a song."},{"startTime":1885.185,"endTime":1889.985,"body":"I mean, remember just a spoon full of sugar."},{"startTime":1890.415,"endTime":1895.905,"body":"It's the medicine go down."},{"startTime":1896.095,"endTime":1896.385,"body":"Just,"},{"startTime":1900.465,"endTime":1904.105,"body":"I mean, she very successive successfully sends herself up here."},{"startTime":1904.405,"endTime":1909.234,"body":"But there is something about the o shut up that seems to encapsulate something slightly"},{"startTime":1909.234,"endTime":1914.063,"body":"wider culturally, to be fair, that the initial critic's reactions to the film, the sound"},{"startTime":1914.063,"endTime":1918.892,"body":"of music were generally quite negative, especially from the East Coast critics and Julie herself"},{"startTime":1918.892,"endTime":1923.721,"body":"got generally positive reviews, but the film itself was completely reviled and no one, um,"},{"startTime":1923.721,"endTime":1927.585,"body":"in the press thought that this was gonna be a big hit."},{"startTime":1927.645,"endTime":1931.705,"body":"And so I wanted to show you some of the clips from the review."},{"startTime":1931.805,"endTime":1936.442,"body":"For example, in the New Yorker, I felt myself drowning in a pit of sticky"},{"startTime":1936.442,"endTime":1939.225,"body":"sweet whipped cream, not of the first freshness \u003claugh\u003e."},{"startTime":1939.845,"endTime":1944.785,"body":"And then there's a very famous review in a women's magazine called McCall's, where supposedly,"},{"startTime":1944.785,"endTime":1949.725,"body":"and I dunno if it's true, but I suspect it's true, supposedly the critic was"},{"startTime":1949.725,"endTime":1954.665,"body":"sacked from her job as a result of saying this about the sound of music."},{"startTime":1955.215,"endTime":1958.225,"body":"It's the sugarcoated lie that people seem to want to eat."},{"startTime":1958.685,"endTime":1963.285,"body":"And it is the attitude that makes a critic feel that maybe it's hopeless."},{"startTime":1963.465,"endTime":1965.805,"body":"Why not just send the director Robert Weiser wire?"},{"startTime":1966.225,"endTime":1967.565,"body":"You win, I give up."},{"startTime":1968.785,"endTime":1974.456,"body":"And the New York Times was unkind soon at too and said, the adults are"},{"startTime":1974.456,"endTime":1976.725,"body":"fairly horrendous, especially poor Christopher Plummer."},{"startTime":1977.345,"endTime":1981.87,"body":"And a few days after this review, um, Bosley Crower of the New York Times"},{"startTime":1981.87,"endTime":1986.395,"body":"wrote a special feature called the Soundness of Musicals, and basically said that the sound"},{"startTime":1986.395,"endTime":1990.92,"body":"of music was gonna be the end of the movie musical form because it had"},{"startTime":1990.92,"endTime":1995.445,"body":"set the musical film back 20 years with disappointing reversions to the old operetta form."},{"startTime":1995.445,"endTime":1999.325,"body":"It's all sterile, it has a musical film, it's not fresh, it's not sound."},{"startTime":1999.745,"endTime":2004.376,"body":"So I think when things started to go wrong for her, they were kind of"},{"startTime":2004.376,"endTime":2004.685,"body":"pleased."},{"startTime":2005.405,"endTime":2010.7,"body":"Although according to the Guinness Book of World Records, 2015, it has had or had"},{"startTime":2010.7,"endTime":2013.525,"body":"had a worldwide gross of over $2.3 billion."},{"startTime":2014.625,"endTime":2018.405,"body":"So in the midst of all of this, her life came under great pressure."},{"startTime":2018.985,"endTime":2023.647,"body":"And in this interview, which we'll see a clip of now, she starts talking about"},{"startTime":2023.647,"endTime":2026.445,"body":"the personal impact that all of this success had."},{"startTime":2026.765,"endTime":2030.915,"body":"I mean, in 1965 when the sound of Music opened, she was only 30 years"},{"startTime":2030.915,"endTime":2033.405,"body":"old and she'd already been working for 20 years."},{"startTime":2033.955,"endTime":2037.845,"body":"It's kind of crackers, and she started to slightly fall apart."},{"startTime":2038.445,"endTime":2043.507,"body":"I was so busy doing and absorbing and, and having considerable success just hit me"},{"startTime":2043.507,"endTime":2048.57,"body":"that I think a, it knocked me sideways a little bit because you can imagine"},{"startTime":2048.57,"endTime":2053.632,"body":"there was a great deal of an assault by press and publicity and, and and"},{"startTime":2053.632,"endTime":2054.645,"body":"things like that."},{"startTime":2055.185,"endTime":2058.925,"body":"But secondly, I didn't have much time to get perspective on it all."},{"startTime":2058.985,"endTime":2060.284,"body":"Not until much, much later."},{"startTime":2060.824,"endTime":2066.243,"body":"Uh, and her first marriage to the designer, um, Tony Walton fell apart at this"},{"startTime":2066.243,"endTime":2066.605,"body":"point."},{"startTime":2066.784,"endTime":2071.503,"body":"And a couple of years later, she met and married the director, Blake Edwards, best"},{"startTime":2071.503,"endTime":2074.965,"body":"known for things like the Pink Panther and Breakfast at Tiffany."},{"startTime":2075.105,"endTime":2076.804,"body":"So one of the great directors of America."},{"startTime":2077.225,"endTime":2078.965,"body":"But these were two very different people."},{"startTime":2079.105,"endTime":2082.689,"body":"And one of the consequences of their marriage is that they did decide to work"},{"startTime":2082.689,"endTime":2083.645,"body":"together quite a bit."},{"startTime":2083.905,"endTime":2088.617,"body":"And if we look at the next 20 years of her, uh, movie output, we"},{"startTime":2088.617,"endTime":2093.33,"body":"can see that the majority of them were directed by him, only two of them"},{"startTime":2093.33,"endTime":2093.645,"body":"musicals."},{"startTime":2094.505,"endTime":2100.662,"body":"Now, this was problematic in a way because they were very different as artists, both"},{"startTime":2100.662,"endTime":2103.125,"body":"exceptional but very different in style."},{"startTime":2103.145,"endTime":2106.925,"body":"And he went in a lot of the time for a very broad kind of"},{"startTime":2106.925,"endTime":2109.445,"body":"humor as we see from things like the Pink Panther."},{"startTime":2109.665,"endTime":2111.805,"body":"And she, to me, is all about finesse."},{"startTime":2112.065,"endTime":2115.565,"body":"And so finding points of meeting was often quite difficult."},{"startTime":2116.255,"endTime":2120.573,"body":"There were points of meeting, including, in my opinion, the opening song of that first"},{"startTime":2120.573,"endTime":2121.725,"body":"film they made together."},{"startTime":2121.725,"endTime":2125.085,"body":"Darling Lily, which I think I've mis misspelled."},{"startTime":2125.085,"endTime":2126.365,"body":"It's with one L in the Middle."},{"startTime":2126.465,"endTime":2131.709,"body":"Anyway, um, the opening number of this film that they made together, the first one,"},{"startTime":2131.709,"endTime":2135.205,"body":"darling Lily, really shows how well they could work together."},{"startTime":2135.515,"endTime":2136.285,"body":"Take a look at this."},{"startTime":2137.175,"endTime":2161.125,"body":"Often I think my heart has given and I new face I some new neighbor."},{"startTime":2192.505,"endTime":2192.725,"body":"The"},{"startTime":2197.995,"endTime":2202.003,"body":"It's so intimate and beautiful and the the use of the lights in it are"},{"startTime":2202.003,"endTime":2206.012,"body":"so spectacular that you believe you're about to sit down and watch the most intriguing"},{"startTime":2206.012,"endTime":2208.685,"body":"and wonderful film that you've ever seen in your life."},{"startTime":2208.685,"endTime":2214.135,"body":"Because she's singing so beautifully here and, and she's using the lower point of her,"},{"startTime":2214.135,"endTime":2217.405,"body":"of her voice quite significantly going below Middle Sea."},{"startTime":2217.405,"endTime":2218.925,"body":"It's quite low for a soprano."},{"startTime":2219.825,"endTime":2224.615,"body":"But from there you discover that the film is going to be a kind of"},{"startTime":2224.615,"endTime":2229.406,"body":"spoof about an English performer who is actually has German spider during in the First"},{"startTime":2229.406,"endTime":2230.045,"body":"World War."},{"startTime":2230.505,"endTime":2234.882,"body":"And at times it descends into Pink Panther type of humor and kind of unsettles"},{"startTime":2234.882,"endTime":2236.925,"body":"the magic of what we're seeing there."},{"startTime":2237.305,"endTime":2242.42,"body":"It was a terrible box office disaster and critical disaster, and brought an end to"},{"startTime":2242.42,"endTime":2244.125,"body":"her musicals for some years."},{"startTime":2244.545,"endTime":2248.915,"body":"In 1974, they made a thriller together called The Tamarind Seed with Omar Sharif, which"},{"startTime":2248.915,"endTime":2253.285,"body":"is actually a very watchable film, as I reminded myself the other week, a very"},{"startTime":2253.285,"endTime":2257.365,"body":"good film, but it's not a, an exceptional film and not an important film."},{"startTime":2257.785,"endTime":2263.176,"body":"And then after that, it was five years before she made another film, and she"},{"startTime":2263.176,"endTime":2268.568,"body":"appeared in one of Blake Edwards' most iconic movies, 10 opposite Dudley Moore, who is"},{"startTime":2268.568,"endTime":2271.085,"body":"the real main character of the movie."},{"startTime":2271.505,"endTime":2275.901,"body":"The problem with this one, as far as she's concerned is that, again, she's exceptionally"},{"startTime":2275.901,"endTime":2280.005,"body":"good and very sassy in the film, but she plays the long suffering girlfriend."},{"startTime":2280.275,"endTime":2285.344,"body":"Well, Dudley Moore is obsessed in a rather predatory way with Bo Derek, and he's"},{"startTime":2285.344,"endTime":2290.413,"body":"having a sort of midlife crisis and she just is there on the sidelines getting"},{"startTime":2290.413,"endTime":2291.765,"body":"a bit fed up."},{"startTime":2291.865,"endTime":2295.942,"body":"So for example, we can see in this little clip how sassy she is and"},{"startTime":2295.942,"endTime":2297.845,"body":"how much she stands up for herself."},{"startTime":2298.305,"endTime":2302.245,"body":"But really, I'm not sure how this is enhancing her overall image."},{"startTime":2303.375,"endTime":2308.99,"body":"First, I'm getting a little fed up at sexually emancipated ladies being referred to as"},{"startTime":2308.99,"endTime":2309.365,"body":"broads."},{"startTime":2310.745,"endTime":2316.301,"body":"Second, I think a telescope aimed at anything other than the stars is an invasion"},{"startTime":2316.301,"endTime":2320.005,"body":"of privacy and qualifies the voyeur as a peeping tom."},{"startTime":2320.265,"endTime":2321.725,"body":"And there's a very good law against that."},{"startTime":2323.255,"endTime":2327.432,"body":"Third, the first two really wouldn't bother me a bit if you'd stop watching, say"},{"startTime":2327.432,"endTime":2331.609,"body":"god damn much television and pay a little more attention to your bedroom guests, this"},{"startTime":2331.609,"endTime":2332.445,"body":"guest in particular."},{"startTime":2333.905,"endTime":2336.565,"body":"Now you wanna argue or you wanna make love,"},{"startTime":2337.995,"endTime":2343.925,"body":"It's very good, but it's kind of how it's contributing to her image overall."},{"startTime":2344.065,"endTime":2347.765,"body":"I'm not sure other than it shows she can be tough and certainly she's moving"},{"startTime":2347.765,"endTime":2350.725,"body":"away there from her sound of music, Mary Poppins type of image."},{"startTime":2351.025,"endTime":2354.925,"body":"But because she's kind of secondary to the story, it's a bit frustrating that she"},{"startTime":2354.925,"endTime":2356.485,"body":"doesn't have something meaty to do."},{"startTime":2357.145,"endTime":2362.428,"body":"But there was one film they made together, which was a big hit called Victor"},{"startTime":2362.428,"endTime":2363.485,"body":"Victoria in 1982."},{"startTime":2363.585,"endTime":2369.127,"body":"And this seemed like a great meeting of, um, the, the mixtures of their artistic"},{"startTime":2369.127,"endTime":2370.605,"body":"temperaments, if you like."},{"startTime":2370.785,"endTime":2377.325,"body":"She is given this role of Victor, who is a female impersonator."},{"startTime":2377.505,"endTime":2381.534,"body":"So she's pretending to be a man, pretending to be a woman, and it allows"},{"startTime":2381.534,"endTime":2385.564,"body":"her to show off that lower point part of the voice that we've seen developing"},{"startTime":2385.564,"endTime":2387.445,"body":"gradually over these years of her career."},{"startTime":2388.225,"endTime":2393.883,"body":"And again, he, Blake Edwards employs the same sorts of filming and lighting techniques, especially"},{"startTime":2393.883,"endTime":2399.165,"body":"in this song, crazy World that we've seen at the beginning of Darling Ailey."},{"startTime":2399.165,"endTime":2402.915,"body":"So it's a bit like he goes back into his toolbox and brings out something"},{"startTime":2402.915,"endTime":2406.165,"body":"again that worked very well and this time makes a hit of it"},{"startTime":2417.575,"endTime":2423.285,"body":"Crazy world full of crazy contradictions like a child."},{"startTime":2426.295,"endTime":2448.168,"body":"First you drive me wide and then you win heart minute, and then temperamental has"},{"startTime":2448.168,"endTime":2451.085,"body":"a storm."},{"startTime":2454.155,"endTime":2464.096,"body":"Just when I believe your heart's getting warmer, you cold and your cold and eye"},{"startTime":2464.096,"endTime":2466.085,"body":"like a fool"},{"startTime":2471.375,"endTime":2471.725,"body":"Tried"},{"startTime":2475.425,"endTime":2477.725,"body":"On to."},{"startTime":2487.785,"endTime":2491.662,"body":"If my pitching is correct, I think she goes down to an E below middle"},{"startTime":2491.662,"endTime":2494.765,"body":"C, which is very low indeed for someone that's famous as soprano."},{"startTime":2495.145,"endTime":2499.475,"body":"And so there is some kind of artistic growth for her here in that she's"},{"startTime":2499.475,"endTime":2503.805,"body":"setting up the ability to be very expressive in a different part of her voice."},{"startTime":2503.905,"endTime":2509.226,"body":"And though the, um, the RP that received pronunciation for which she's so famous really"},{"startTime":2509.226,"endTime":2514.547,"body":"comes into play here because she's able to use those vowel sounds and make this"},{"startTime":2514.547,"endTime":2518.805,"body":"really beautiful, expressive and intimate sound that the camera really loves her."},{"startTime":2518.805,"endTime":2522.747,"body":"Here you can feel Blake Edwards sort of loving her and really wanting to show"},{"startTime":2522.747,"endTime":2526.165,"body":"her off her absolute best and show her off in a new way."},{"startTime":2527.825,"endTime":2533.641,"body":"The two films that I have found most curious, revisiting her entire output, both came"},{"startTime":2533.641,"endTime":2534.805,"body":"out in 1986."},{"startTime":2535.065,"endTime":2539.152,"body":"The um, the first one was that's Life, which was the last film that she"},{"startTime":2539.152,"endTime":2541.605,"body":"made with Blake Edwards and which was completely improvised."},{"startTime":2541.665,"endTime":2546.482,"body":"He wrote, uh, a kind of treatment, so a description of what everyone should be"},{"startTime":2546.482,"endTime":2547.125,"body":"improvising about."},{"startTime":2547.345,"endTime":2552.419,"body":"But basically they gathered a load of their friends and colleagues and made a film"},{"startTime":2552.419,"endTime":2557.493,"body":"together a heavily autobiographical film about Blake Edwards and kind of covered up by pretending"},{"startTime":2557.493,"endTime":2562.568,"body":"that Jack Lemon is an, well, he plays an architect, but he's supposed to be"},{"startTime":2562.568,"endTime":2563.245,"body":"Blake Edwards."},{"startTime":2563.865,"endTime":2569.79,"body":"But what's psychologically interesting in the film is that she plays a singer who in"},{"startTime":2569.79,"endTime":2575.715,"body":"the opening scene of the film, is shown undergoing a biopsy on her throat for"},{"startTime":2575.715,"endTime":2578.085,"body":"a growth that has been found."},{"startTime":2578.825,"endTime":2583.436,"body":"And so in the second scene of the film, we see her in a car"},{"startTime":2583.436,"endTime":2587.125,"body":"having a discussion with her doctor about whether it's benign or malign."},{"startTime":2587.405,"endTime":2590.319,"body":"'cause they're gonna have to wait all weekend to find out, um, what this is"},{"startTime":2590.319,"endTime":2591.485,"body":"going to mean for her future."},{"startTime":2592.065,"endTime":2597.282,"body":"And so this becomes incredibly psychologically curious because 11 years later, this kind of thing"},{"startTime":2597.282,"endTime":2601.805,"body":"sort of happened to her in that she underwent very famously on operation."},{"startTime":2602.265,"endTime":2607.243,"body":"And so watching this particular click now where she ends with a particular question really"},{"startTime":2607.243,"endTime":2612.221,"body":"has taken on a new meaning that is remarkable given what subsequently happened and is"},{"startTime":2612.221,"endTime":2612.885,"body":"very famous."},{"startTime":2616.985,"endTime":2621.245,"body":"Are you gonna tell anyone what four?"},{"startTime":2622.595,"endTime":2626.165,"body":"Sometimes if it's benign, I'll hit it."},{"startTime":2626.825,"endTime":2629.685,"body":"See above top C No, no, not a great idea."},{"startTime":2629.865,"endTime":2632.405,"body":"Oh, if it's malignant, they'll know soon enough about it anyway."},{"startTime":2639.315,"endTime":2640.685,"body":"What if it is malignant?"},{"startTime":2642.755,"endTime":2647.445,"body":"I'll talk about that when we know I wanna talk about it."},{"startTime":2647.505,"endTime":2647.725,"body":"Now."},{"startTime":2649.025,"endTime":2650.445,"body":"Am I gonna be able to sing again"},{"startTime":2652.475,"endTime":2653.005,"body":"This question?"},{"startTime":2653.105,"endTime":2654.445,"body":"Am I gonna be able to sing again?"},{"startTime":2654.505,"endTime":2658.262,"body":"It just sits there in midair because of course this became the big question of"},{"startTime":2658.262,"endTime":2659.765,"body":"the latter part of her career."},{"startTime":2660.865,"endTime":2666.171,"body":"The other film from 1986 Duet for one, which was based on a play, she"},{"startTime":2666.171,"endTime":2671.125,"body":"plays a violinist who has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis before the film begins."},{"startTime":2671.985,"endTime":2676.902,"body":"And the film is about how a violinist is going to come to terms with"},{"startTime":2676.902,"endTime":2679.525,"body":"not being able to play the violin anymore."},{"startTime":2679.865,"endTime":2684.47,"body":"So both of these films asked the question, what is an artist who can't make"},{"startTime":2684.47,"endTime":2685.085,"body":"art anymore?"},{"startTime":2685.585,"endTime":2690.858,"body":"Um, the fact that they were back to back and both filmed when she was"},{"startTime":2690.858,"endTime":2696.131,"body":"50 years old, it all seems psychologically rather heavy in hindsight, IE not just another"},{"startTime":2696.131,"endTime":2701.405,"body":"film, it seems to have this autobiographical dimension before we get to her vocal crisis."},{"startTime":2701.545,"endTime":2703.645,"body":"She did return to the stage for two productions."},{"startTime":2703.645,"endTime":2709.616,"body":"First of all, in 1993, she was in, uh, a review of Stephen Sondheim's songs"},{"startTime":2709.616,"endTime":2712.005,"body":"and got largely exceptionally good reviews."},{"startTime":2712.425,"endTime":2717.965,"body":"It said, um, for example, in variety looking and sounding as though it's been 30"},{"startTime":2717.965,"endTime":2723.506,"body":"days since her last stage appearance instead of 30 years, Julie Andrews is radiant in"},{"startTime":2723.506,"endTime":2724.245,"body":"her return."},{"startTime":2724.585,"endTime":2726.405,"body":"So very good review indeed."},{"startTime":2726.785,"endTime":2732.263,"body":"And some of the songs that are allocated to her provide new opportunities to show"},{"startTime":2732.263,"endTime":2733.725,"body":"off particularly entertaining skills."},{"startTime":2733.785,"endTime":2737.165,"body":"So for example, here is a song called Getting Married Today."},{"startTime":2739.825,"endTime":2740.045,"body":"Ah,"},{"startTime":2740.425,"endTime":2740.645,"body":"If,"},{"startTime":2740.645,"endTime":2741.725,"body":"Pardon me, is everybody there?"},{"startTime":2741.725,"endTime":2743.885,"body":"Because if everybody's there, I want to thank you all for coming to the wedding."},{"startTime":2744.065,"endTime":2745.325,"body":"I'd appreciate you going even more."},{"startTime":2745.405,"endTime":2747.141,"body":"I mean, you must have lots of better things to do, and not a word"},{"startTime":2747.141,"endTime":2747.605,"body":"of it to Paul."},{"startTime":2747.845,"endTime":2750.19,"body":"Remember Paul, you know, the man I'm gonna marry, but I'm not because I wouldn't"},{"startTime":2750.19,"endTime":2751.285,"body":"ruin anyone as wonderful as he is."},{"startTime":2751.335,"endTime":2752.925,"body":"Thank you all for the gifts and the flowers."},{"startTime":2753.135,"endTime":2753.805,"body":"Thank you all."},{"startTime":2753.805,"endTime":2754.885,"body":"Now it's back to the showers."},{"startTime":2755.015,"endTime":2757.125,"body":"Don't tell Paul that I'm not getting married today."},{"startTime":2757.995,"endTime":2761.547,"body":"This is someone having a nervous breakdown on their wedding day and sort of remembering"},{"startTime":2761.547,"endTime":2763.205,"body":"it in, in a very tense way."},{"startTime":2763.585,"endTime":2768.937,"body":"And I, I guess that they felt that since she had managed Supercalifragilistic xpi, she"},{"startTime":2768.937,"endTime":2770.365,"body":"could manage that one."},{"startTime":2770.985,"endTime":2776.085,"body":"And then the big return to the stage was the stage version of Victor Victoria"},{"startTime":2776.085,"endTime":2776.765,"body":"from 1995."},{"startTime":2776.905,"endTime":2781.941,"body":"So she had turned 60 in this one, and this was the, the final big"},{"startTime":2781.941,"endTime":2783.285,"body":"production of her career."},{"startTime":2783.585,"endTime":2788.005,"body":"And it did cause her problems in the end because of the fatigue involved."},{"startTime":2788.065,"endTime":2792.325,"body":"But the filmed version of it, it was filmed for Japanese television, and you can"},{"startTime":2792.325,"endTime":2796.585,"body":"get it on DVD now, reveals that she's still incredibly expressive down there in that"},{"startTime":2796.585,"endTime":2798.005,"body":"lower part of her voice,"},{"startTime":2799.425,"endTime":2800.485,"body":"Living in the,"},{"startTime":2804.715,"endTime":2805.245,"body":"From the"},{"startTime":2805.885,"endTime":2806.445,"body":"Sunlight,"},{"startTime":2808.545,"endTime":2812.245,"body":"Hiding from the one that might."},{"startTime":2817.625,"endTime":2822.901,"body":"So she was still very much Julie Andrews, but during this production, it run for"},{"startTime":2822.901,"endTime":2823.605,"body":"20 months."},{"startTime":2823.705,"endTime":2825.645,"body":"It took a long time for it to make its money back."},{"startTime":2825.645,"endTime":2830.352,"body":"And although she did have some holiday time, she started to miss some performances, um,"},{"startTime":2830.352,"endTime":2833.805,"body":"towards the end of the run, uh, because of vocal fatigue."},{"startTime":2833.945,"endTime":2838.973,"body":"And as she has talked about in many interviews, they found, um, a problem in"},{"startTime":2838.973,"endTime":2842.325,"body":"her throat and her surgeon advised her to get surgery."},{"startTime":2842.905,"endTime":2846.445,"body":"And as is well known, this led her to lose her singing voice."},{"startTime":2846.625,"endTime":2850.685,"body":"And it became a big issue that was discussed widely in the press."},{"startTime":2850.685,"endTime":2851.885,"body":"They settled out of court."},{"startTime":2851.985,"endTime":2856.062,"body":"The figure has never been confirmed, but it was said to be something like 20"},{"startTime":2856.062,"endTime":2859.325,"body":"million was how much she was, um, given as a, a settlement."},{"startTime":2859.385,"endTime":2864.311,"body":"So a really difficult, um, moment for her because she was not able to end"},{"startTime":2864.311,"endTime":2867.925,"body":"her singing career and her artistic career on her own terms."},{"startTime":2867.955,"endTime":2875.683,"body":"However, in October, 2000, so now 65, she was invited to host a concert on"},{"startTime":2875.683,"endTime":2879.805,"body":"Broadway called My Favorite Broadway, the Love Songs."},{"startTime":2880.545,"endTime":2885.539,"body":"And so she was just introducing everything and at the end, Michael Crawford came on"},{"startTime":2885.539,"endTime":2890.534,"body":"and sang, I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face from My Fair Lady, and the reviewer"},{"startTime":2890.534,"endTime":2895.529,"body":"in Variety reports that, um, after the end of the song, Andrews sidled up to"},{"startTime":2895.529,"endTime":2899.525,"body":"him to utter the rain in Spain, stays mainly on the plane."},{"startTime":2900.145,"endTime":2903.445,"body":"She then sang the vocal reply on the plane."},{"startTime":2903.465,"endTime":2904.725,"body":"On the plane by George."},{"startTime":2904.795,"endTime":2905.405,"body":"He's got it."},{"startTime":2905.755,"endTime":2907.005,"body":"Andrews will sing again."},{"startTime":2907.755,"endTime":2913.46,"body":"Amir half dozen notes brought a capacity audience cheering to its feet, celebrating a comeback"},{"startTime":2913.46,"endTime":2919.165,"body":"for that singing voice since botched throat surgery rubbed the public of her glorious tones."},{"startTime":2919.165,"endTime":2920.645,"body":"And thankfully it was filmed,"},{"startTime":2921.865,"endTime":2927.485,"body":"The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plane."},{"startTime":2929.055,"endTime":2929.805,"body":"She's got it."},{"startTime":2930.525,"endTime":2931.485,"body":"I think she's got it."},{"startTime":2932.345,"endTime":2936.125,"body":"The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plane"},{"startTime":2936.865,"endTime":2937.685,"body":"By George's."},{"startTime":2937.685,"endTime":2937.965,"body":"Got it."},{"startTime":2938.305,"endTime":2939.285,"body":"By George's."},{"startTime":2939.285,"endTime":2939.685,"body":"Got it."},{"startTime":2940.265,"endTime":2942.725,"body":"Now, once again, where does it rain?"},{"startTime":2943.585,"endTime":2944.285,"body":"On the plane?"},{"startTime":2945.105,"endTime":2945.805,"body":"On the plane,"},{"startTime":2947.975,"endTime":2949.225,"body":"That sunny plane."},{"startTime":2955.025,"endTime":2959.335,"body":"And this shows us how context can have such an impact on an audience because"},{"startTime":2959.335,"endTime":2960.485,"body":"she's hardly doing anything."},{"startTime":2960.905,"endTime":2965.451,"body":"She sings sort of three or four notes, and yet because everyone believed that she"},{"startTime":2965.451,"endTime":2969.998,"body":"couldn't sing anymore, she was still able to have that impact and everybody cheered and"},{"startTime":2969.998,"endTime":2970.605,"body":"stood up."},{"startTime":2970.905,"endTime":2975.222,"body":"So even now when she could no longer sing and she never did properly sing"},{"startTime":2975.222,"endTime":2977.525,"body":"again, she proved that she was a diva."},{"startTime":2977.695,"endTime":2978.205,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":2989.655,"endTime":2992.405,"body":"Thank you so much Dominic, for that wonderful lecture."},{"startTime":2992.985,"endTime":2998.045,"body":"I'm Mil Murr Meki, the professor of Music here, and I'll be fielding some questions."},{"startTime":2998.315,"endTime":2999.925,"body":"There's some online already."},{"startTime":3000.285,"endTime":3003.885,"body":"Actually, this one came in eight weeks ago, so very keen, it's about time you"},{"startTime":3003.885,"endTime":3004.365,"body":"answered it."},{"startTime":3004.705,"endTime":3008.125,"body":"And then perhaps after, we'll, um, send the microphone round for the room."},{"startTime":3008.665,"endTime":3011.915,"body":"And this Slido is still active if you are shy and want to send them"},{"startTime":3011.915,"endTime":3012.565,"body":"to me directly."},{"startTime":3013.225,"endTime":3018.597,"body":"So Anonymous says, would you say that her enormous success in Mary Poppins and the"},{"startTime":3018.597,"endTime":3023.97,"body":"sound of music came as both a curse and a blessing, loved by the whole"},{"startTime":3023.97,"endTime":3025.045,"body":"world, but bracketed?"},{"startTime":3026.325,"endTime":3030.325,"body":"I guess so, but I think at the time what happened was over exposure."},{"startTime":3031.425,"endTime":3036.355,"body":"So it wasn't so much that her image was necessarily set, although we saw a"},{"startTime":3036.355,"endTime":3041.285,"body":"bit of self parody around that specific point in that Carol and, and Julie duet."},{"startTime":3041.285,"endTime":3045.969,"body":"But I think the problem was that when someone is successful in several films in"},{"startTime":3045.969,"endTime":3049.405,"body":"a row, it's not so much the image that's the problem."},{"startTime":3049.555,"endTime":3053.826,"body":"It's the, the problem is that people start to resent seeing, you know, she's now"},{"startTime":3053.826,"endTime":3054.965,"body":"in a Hitchcock film."},{"startTime":3054.985,"endTime":3057.885,"body":"And even the Hitchcock film did quite well commercially."},{"startTime":3057.945,"endTime":3058.845,"body":"It wasn't a flop."},{"startTime":3058.905,"endTime":3062.91,"body":"And, and so I think that it was that sort of fatigue and frustration and,"},{"startTime":3062.91,"endTime":3064.245,"body":"and people went for her."},{"startTime":3064.665,"endTime":3068.48,"body":"And also she, it must have been very difficult for her, as I said in"},{"startTime":3068.48,"endTime":3072.296,"body":"the lecture, to deal with having been performing since she was a child and just"},{"startTime":3072.296,"endTime":3072.805,"body":"never stopped."},{"startTime":3073.465,"endTime":3078.4,"body":"You know, going from being in the London Palladium pantomime and then in the boyfriend"},{"startTime":3078.4,"endTime":3083.335,"body":"on Broadway, and then my Fair Lady on Broadway, and then making these TV musicals"},{"startTime":3083.335,"endTime":3088.27,"body":"and they're making Camelot and they're making Mary Poppy, it's, it's almost, it's too much"},{"startTime":3088.27,"endTime":3090.245,"body":"success for anyone to really manage."},{"startTime":3090.345,"endTime":3094.045,"body":"It seems to me it must have been just exhausting psychologically."},{"startTime":3094.265,"endTime":3098.368,"body":"And, and there's almost a sense of, did did she lose a sense of who"},{"startTime":3098.368,"endTime":3101.925,"body":"she was because she's just so caught up in, in being the public."},{"startTime":3102.735,"endTime":3103.645,"body":"Julie Andrews"},{"startTime":3104.165,"endTime":3109.045,"body":"Speaking of that in a autobiography, um, you identified her love of singing live."},{"startTime":3109.545,"endTime":3113.045,"body":"She must have had enough power to choose those elements of her career."},{"startTime":3113.265,"endTime":3113.925,"body":"Did she not?"},{"startTime":3114.065,"endTime":3117.645,"body":"Why do you think she had such a hiatus from singing live?"},{"startTime":3118.425,"endTime":3122.205,"body":"Uh, well, she, um, had a daughter after Camelot."},{"startTime":3122.625,"endTime":3127.329,"body":"So, um, she had a sort of fairly short career break actually, but had a"},{"startTime":3127.329,"endTime":3132.034,"body":"daughter and then went and made Mary Poppins and Walt Disney came to see Camelot"},{"startTime":3132.034,"endTime":3135.485,"body":"and said, oh, come to Hollywood and, and make Mary Poppins."},{"startTime":3135.485,"endTime":3137.765,"body":"So she wasn't gonna turn that one down."},{"startTime":3137.825,"endTime":3142.18,"body":"And I guess then the succession of offers meant, you know, why, why wouldn't you"},{"startTime":3142.18,"endTime":3146.245,"body":"do, why wouldn't you make all these movies and you can't be in both?"},{"startTime":3146.625,"endTime":3150.909,"body":"And as we know, even today, often Hollywood stars want to be in stage productions,"},{"startTime":3150.909,"endTime":3155.193,"body":"but then it takes up too much of their time and they can't make as"},{"startTime":3155.193,"endTime":3155.765,"body":"much money."},{"startTime":3156.025,"endTime":3159.005,"body":"So yeah, she did have the power, but"},{"startTime":3160.335,"endTime":3161.125,"body":"Thank you very much."},{"startTime":3162.625,"endTime":3167.968,"body":"Is there any truth to the rumor that she swore like a, uh, sailor on"},{"startTime":3167.968,"endTime":3168.325,"body":"stage"},{"startTime":3169.585,"endTime":3172.765,"body":"On stage Oh, oh, you in putting it together?"},{"startTime":3172.825,"endTime":3173.045,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":3173.585,"endTime":3174.165,"body":"Yes, she did."},{"startTime":3174.805,"endTime":3176.805,"body":"\u003claugh\u003e I mean, that's, that's public knowledge."},{"startTime":3176.875,"endTime":3178.725,"body":"It's on the cast album, you can hear her swearing."},{"startTime":3178.905,"endTime":3183.405,"body":"And there are wonderful YouTube videos of outtakes, of television specials that she made where"},{"startTime":3183.405,"endTime":3184.605,"body":"she swears a lot."},{"startTime":3185.145,"endTime":3189.045,"body":"So yes, she's swearing, but probably charming with it."},{"startTime":3192.065,"endTime":3196.325,"body":"Um, thank you for another excellent lecture."},{"startTime":3197.025,"endTime":3201.005,"body":"Um, I believe you said this is the last mm-Hmm, \u003caffirmative\u003e in the series."},{"startTime":3201.665,"endTime":3208.245,"body":"Um, if there were such a prize, who would you award the prize of?"},{"startTime":3208.385,"endTime":3208.965,"body":"Uh, senior"},{"startTime":3209.075,"endTime":3210.205,"body":"Diva of Diva Diva,"},{"startTime":3210.785,"endTime":3211.725,"body":"Senior Diva."},{"startTime":3212.285,"endTime":3216.16,"body":"I think it would be misogynistic for me as a man to stand up and"},{"startTime":3216.16,"endTime":3218.485,"body":"say, well, she's the biggest diva of them all."},{"startTime":3219.105,"endTime":3223.838,"body":"So, but, and, and what I've been trying to get at is, is sort of"},{"startTime":3223.838,"endTime":3228.572,"body":"the, all three of these women, and indeed any women in this type of profession"},{"startTime":3228.572,"endTime":3233.306,"body":"have a lot of texture to who they are and that there's many different elements"},{"startTime":3233.306,"endTime":3238.04,"body":"to who they are and that they can be very different as women, but their"},{"startTime":3238.04,"endTime":3240.565,"body":"performances can generate power for them as women."},{"startTime":3241.065,"endTime":3245.042,"body":"And something that I didn't have time to get into, but I was originally going"},{"startTime":3245.042,"endTime":3249.019,"body":"to in the series was the idea of this being the period of second wave"},{"startTime":3249.019,"endTime":3249.285,"body":"feminism."},{"startTime":3249.405,"endTime":3254.832,"body":"A time when women were struggling to get power in society and politically it was"},{"startTime":3254.832,"endTime":3257.365,"body":"the period when the pill became available."},{"startTime":3257.505,"endTime":3261.565,"body":"It was all of those sorts of, um, things were being fought for."},{"startTime":3262.105,"endTime":3266.805,"body":"And to me it's about understanding these women as part of that period."},{"startTime":3267.085,"endTime":3270.645,"body":"'cause all three of them became big exactly in the 1960s."},{"startTime":3270.745,"endTime":3275.245,"body":"All three of them did some work before, but basically they are 1960s women."},{"startTime":3275.305,"endTime":3277.365,"body":"And that's why I call 'em 20th century divas."},{"startTime":3277.365,"endTime":3282.09,"body":"I think there's something very particular about the different kinds of femininity that they inhabit,"},{"startTime":3282.09,"endTime":3284.925,"body":"but all three of them are powerful from it."},{"startTime":3284.985,"endTime":3290.04,"body":"The other thing I noticed, which I didn't expect to notice, is that all three"},{"startTime":3290.04,"endTime":3291.725,"body":"of them had difficult upbringings."},{"startTime":3291.825,"endTime":3297.877,"body":"So there was a definite, uh, impulse for them to get out because Streisand lost"},{"startTime":3297.877,"endTime":3298.685,"body":"her father."},{"startTime":3299.005,"endTime":3299.565,"body":"'cause he died."},{"startTime":3300.185,"endTime":3301.285,"body":"Bassey lost her father."},{"startTime":3301.785,"endTime":3304.485,"body":"All of them were brought up by stepfathers or other people."},{"startTime":3304.545,"endTime":3305.645,"body":"Things were very broken."},{"startTime":3306.035,"endTime":3309.045,"body":"They didn't, um, they weren't brought up with a lot of money."},{"startTime":3309.505,"endTime":3315.19,"body":"So that need to use their power for their voices, for power and make careers"},{"startTime":3315.19,"endTime":3320.875,"body":"and make money was uh, common to all three of them, even though Julie Andrews"},{"startTime":3320.875,"endTime":3325.045,"body":"and Shirley Bassie are completely different in so many other respects."},{"startTime":3325.045,"endTime":3328.22,"body":"And the other thing is all three of them had to stop singing at some"},{"startTime":3328.22,"endTime":3330.125,"body":"point in their career for one reason or another."},{"startTime":3330.405,"endTime":3335.005,"body":"'cause Bassie had psychological problems around the death of her daughter."},{"startTime":3335.315,"endTime":3336.845,"body":"Streisand got stage fright."},{"startTime":3337.635,"endTime":3341.685,"body":"Andrews had the operation, and all three of them managed to get singing again."},{"startTime":3342.065,"endTime":3344.445,"body":"So that was something else that I admire about them."},{"startTime":3344.465,"endTime":3349.527,"body":"And seems part of this feeling that they're powerful women, even though they sound completely"},{"startTime":3349.527,"endTime":3352.565,"body":"different, and how they present themselves is completely different."},{"startTime":3352.745,"endTime":3354.725,"body":"So I'm not willing to say one is more of a DJ"},{"startTime":3355.325,"endTime":3360.325,"body":"\u003claugh\u003e."},{"startTime":3356.285,"endTime":3356.925,"body":"I have one here."},{"startTime":3357.185,"endTime":3361.862,"body":"Why do you think that Julie Andrews hour, which you might know of, which she"},{"startTime":3361.862,"endTime":3364.045,"body":"did in 72, 73, tanked, oh dear."},{"startTime":3364.065,"endTime":3368.048,"body":"mm-Hmm, \u003caffirmative\u003e, she Dance, dance, sang and had famous people on that never caught on"},{"startTime":3368.048,"endTime":3368.845,"body":"with the audience."},{"startTime":3368.905,"endTime":3371.405,"body":"Was that part of fatigue or it was early fatigue?"},{"startTime":3372.365,"endTime":3373.365,"body":"I think it's part of fatigue."},{"startTime":3373.525,"endTime":3378.261,"body":"I think, um, this was a, a sort of television variety, concert show type of"},{"startTime":3378.261,"endTime":3379.525,"body":"thing that she made."},{"startTime":3379.755,"endTime":3382.445,"body":"It's a very 1950s, 1960s concept."},{"startTime":3382.825,"endTime":3386.925,"body":"So to be doing it in 1972, I think was part of the, the problem."},{"startTime":3387.305,"endTime":3390.525,"body":"And I've seen some of it, and I think that the quality is very mixed."},{"startTime":3390.545,"endTime":3396.077,"body":"And she talks about that herself in her book where, you know, having to dream"},{"startTime":3396.077,"endTime":3401.609,"body":"up an hour of television singing and routines every week for weeks and weeks, right,"},{"startTime":3401.609,"endTime":3403.085,"body":"is, is too much."},{"startTime":3403.945,"endTime":3408.388,"body":"So they probably would've needed to take two years to plan it and then execute"},{"startTime":3408.388,"endTime":3408.685,"body":"it."},{"startTime":3409.005,"endTime":3414.119,"body":"I think there's something like 24 episodes, 22 episodes, so half of the year is"},{"startTime":3414.119,"endTime":3416.165,"body":"taken up with making these specials."},{"startTime":3416.265,"endTime":3416.685,"body":"Oh God."},{"startTime":3417.545,"endTime":3422.265,"body":"One of the common things has come out all, all free divas that you've covered"},{"startTime":3422.265,"endTime":3426.986,"body":"seems to be a sense that sometimes not taking themselves quite so seriously, being able"},{"startTime":3426.986,"endTime":3428.245,"body":"to send themselves up."},{"startTime":3428.345,"endTime":3428.765,"body":"Mm-Hmm."},{"startTime":3428.805,"endTime":3432.838,"body":"\u003caffirmative\u003e, do you think that's part of the power of being a a, a diva,"},{"startTime":3432.838,"endTime":3433.645,"body":"do you think?"},{"startTime":3434.425,"endTime":3439.131,"body":"Yes, I do, but, and, and it's where sometimes actually Streisand has slightly struggled with"},{"startTime":3439.131,"endTime":3439.445,"body":"that."},{"startTime":3439.455,"endTime":3441.645,"body":"She's, she's done it sometimes, but not so much."},{"startTime":3442.025,"endTime":3446.445,"body":"And I think it's about acknowledging how some of the audience feels."},{"startTime":3447.345,"endTime":3451.845,"body":"So by acknowledging that some of these things are said about them and then lampooning"},{"startTime":3451.845,"endTime":3455.445,"body":"it, they're actually able to take back the power through that process."},{"startTime":3455.635,"endTime":3459.82,"body":"Whereas if they try to ignore that people, um, are making fun of them or"},{"startTime":3459.82,"endTime":3464.005,"body":"aren't taking them very seriously, then you sort of become more of a self parody."},{"startTime":3464.005,"endTime":3468.677,"body":"Whereas for her to allow herself to sit there and sing a spoonful of sugar"},{"startTime":3468.677,"endTime":3473.349,"body":"and have Carol Burnett tell her to shut up, it was just clever because it's"},{"startTime":3473.349,"endTime":3478.022,"body":"acknowledging what people are perhaps feeling, even though the audience cheers when she starts singing"},{"startTime":3478.022,"endTime":3478.645,"body":"the song."},{"startTime":3478.665,"endTime":3483.033,"body":"And she had many admirers and followers, it's not the case that everyone turned against"},{"startTime":3483.033,"endTime":3483.325,"body":"her."},{"startTime":3483.755,"endTime":3487.96,"body":"It's just I think that she, she came up across, um, problems with the press"},{"startTime":3487.96,"endTime":3492.165,"body":"and they were, they were already after the Sound of Music when it first opened."},{"startTime":3492.385,"endTime":3498.457,"body":"So when she started making things like, um, star and Darling Lily that are, um,"},{"startTime":3498.457,"endTime":3504.53,"body":"objectively weaker films and not so coherent and, and maybe lack sparkle, then, you know,"},{"startTime":3504.53,"endTime":3507.365,"body":"they were ready to pounce on her."},{"startTime":3507.425,"endTime":3512.243,"body":"So being able to laugh at herself, I think was indeed a powerful thing to"},{"startTime":3512.243,"endTime":3512.565,"body":"do."},{"startTime":3514.635,"endTime":3519.65,"body":"Well with that, I'd like to thank Dominic for a wonderful lecture, a wonderful series,"},{"startTime":3519.65,"endTime":3522.325,"body":"and we look forward to next year's lectures."},{"startTime":3522.665,"endTime":3523.085,"body":"Thanks."}]}