{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":1.241,"endTime":6.241,"body":"Once in royal David's city"},{"startTime":8.253,"endTime":13.253,"body":"Stood a lowly cattle shed"},{"startTime":15.671,"endTime":20.671,"body":"Where a mother laid her baby"},{"startTime":23.147,"endTime":28.147,"body":"In a manger for his bed"},{"startTime":30.819,"endTime":35.819,"body":"Mary was that mother mild"},{"startTime":38.67,"endTime":42.67,"body":"Jesus Christ her little child"},{"startTime":48.739,"endTime":53.739,"body":"He came down to Earth from Heaven"},{"startTime":56.915,"endTime":61.915,"body":"Who is God and Lord of all"},{"startTime":65.489,"endTime":70.489,"body":"And his shelter was a stable"},{"startTime":74.093,"endTime":79.093,"body":"And his cradle was a stall"},{"startTime":82.759,"endTime":87.759,"body":"With the poor, and mean, and lowly"},{"startTime":91.76,"endTime":95.843,"body":"Lived on Earth our savior holy"},{"startTime":109.37,"endTime":111.27,"body":"I don't suppose there's"},{"startTime":109.37,"endTime":111.27,"body":"a person in this room"},{"startTime":111.27,"endTime":113.07,"body":"that doesn't find that, in some way,"},{"startTime":114.49,"endTime":116.41,"body":"just extremely nostalgic,"},{"startTime":116.41,"endTime":118.55,"body":"and there are various"},{"startTime":116.41,"endTime":118.55,"body":"different reasons for it."},{"startTime":118.55,"endTime":120.92,"body":"It's mostly to do with"},{"startTime":118.55,"endTime":120.92,"body":"our own association,"},{"startTime":120.92,"endTime":124.2,"body":"but partly, it's to do"},{"startTime":120.92,"endTime":124.2,"body":"with these wonderful words,"},{"startTime":124.2,"endTime":127.23,"body":"which were written, or published in 1848"},{"startTime":128.1,"endTime":132.063,"body":"by Fanny Humphreys, later Mrs. Alexander,"},{"startTime":133.12,"endTime":136.26,"body":"in her publication \"Hymns"},{"startTime":133.12,"endTime":136.26,"body":"for Little Children.\""},{"startTime":136.26,"endTime":138.54,"body":"And some of you here know"},{"startTime":136.26,"endTime":138.54,"body":"I love my memorabilia,"},{"startTime":138.54,"endTime":141.66,"body":"this is one of the copies,"},{"startTime":141.66,"endTime":143.093,"body":"and I love the size of it."},{"startTime":146.36,"endTime":147.54,"body":"This is taken from this copy,"},{"startTime":147.54,"endTime":148.697,"body":"but that's exactly it,"},{"startTime":148.697,"endTime":149.87,"body":"\"Hymns for Little Children,\""},{"startTime":149.87,"endTime":150.86,"body":"this is just one of them."},{"startTime":150.86,"endTime":152.45,"body":"And I think it's partly those words,"},{"startTime":152.45,"endTime":153.65,"body":"they were designed for children,"},{"startTime":153.65,"endTime":155.72,"body":"they're designed to promote nostalgia"},{"startTime":155.72,"endTime":157.21,"body":"in the adults, as it were,"},{"startTime":157.21,"endTime":159.96,"body":"although they're primarily"},{"startTime":157.21,"endTime":159.96,"body":"written for children."},{"startTime":159.96,"endTime":161.3,"body":"And as a teenager herself,"},{"startTime":161.3,"endTime":163.97,"body":"Mrs. Alexander loved children,"},{"startTime":163.97,"endTime":167.13,"body":"indeed she ended up"},{"startTime":163.97,"endTime":167.13,"body":"having four of her own."},{"startTime":167.13,"endTime":172.13,"body":"The priest-poet John Keble"},{"startTime":167.13,"endTime":172.13,"body":"praised Fanny Alexander's poetry"},{"startTime":172.59,"endTime":175.84,"body":"for its primitive devotion,"},{"startTime":172.59,"endTime":175.84,"body":"it's primitive devotion,"},{"startTime":175.84,"endTime":177.42,"body":"I think that's beautifully put."},{"startTime":177.42,"endTime":179.327,"body":"You may also know her hymns"},{"startTime":179.327,"endTime":181.03,"body":"\"All Things Bright and Beautiful\""},{"startTime":181.03,"endTime":182.86,"body":"and \"There Is a Green Hill Far Away,\""},{"startTime":182.86,"endTime":184.62,"body":"again, beautiful, child-like,"},{"startTime":184.62,"endTime":188.3,"body":"not childish, but child-like texts."},{"startTime":188.3,"endTime":191.9,"body":"And the child-friendly nature"},{"startTime":188.3,"endTime":191.9,"body":"of Mrs. Alexander's words"},{"startTime":191.9,"endTime":195.253,"body":"promotes nostalgia for our own childhood."},{"startTime":196.24,"endTime":199.02,"body":"Any carol service or carol concert"},{"startTime":199.02,"endTime":201.77,"body":"is a nostalgic thing anyway,"},{"startTime":201.77,"endTime":204.35,"body":"it signals the birth of a new Christmas,"},{"startTime":204.35,"endTime":207.28,"body":"and with it, the passing of another year."},{"startTime":207.28,"endTime":210.08,"body":"And for many Christians around the world,"},{"startTime":210.08,"endTime":214.08,"body":"celebration of Christmas"},{"startTime":210.08,"endTime":214.08,"body":"is a nostalgic reminder"},{"startTime":214.08,"endTime":218.323,"body":"of an event that happened over"},{"startTime":214.08,"endTime":218.323,"body":"2,000 years ago in Bethlehem."},{"startTime":219.81,"endTime":222.91,"body":"Some refer to this feeling of longing"},{"startTime":222.91,"endTime":226.27,"body":"for a past time that"},{"startTime":222.91,"endTime":226.27,"body":"one hasn't lived through"},{"startTime":226.27,"endTime":228.05,"body":"as proto-nostalgia."},{"startTime":228.05,"endTime":231.38,"body":"I'm not sure the term is"},{"startTime":228.05,"endTime":231.38,"body":"necessarily terribly useful,"},{"startTime":231.38,"endTime":232.213,"body":"but it's designed"},{"startTime":232.213,"endTime":233.53,"body":"to show that you weren't actually there,"},{"startTime":233.53,"endTime":238.29,"body":"so proto-nostalgia is for a time"},{"startTime":238.29,"endTime":240.55,"body":"that you didn't yourself live through,"},{"startTime":240.55,"endTime":245.55,"body":"a longing maybe for a"},{"startTime":240.55,"endTime":245.55,"body":"simpler world, no frills,"},{"startTime":246.04,"endTime":248.983,"body":"for instance the stable in Bethlehem."},{"startTime":252.27,"endTime":254.11,"body":"Two millennia on,"},{"startTime":254.11,"endTime":256.87,"body":"Bethlehem looks a bit different."},{"startTime":256.87,"endTime":260.75,"body":"This the view from the"},{"startTime":256.87,"endTime":260.75,"body":"little town of Bethlehem"},{"startTime":260.75,"endTime":265.1,"body":"to the fields where the"},{"startTime":260.75,"endTime":265.1,"body":"angel sang to the shepherds,"},{"startTime":265.1,"endTime":267.37,"body":"and it's moved with the times."},{"startTime":267.37,"endTime":269.14,"body":"I won't comment on that view,"},{"startTime":269.14,"endTime":270.61,"body":"but if you know what you're looking at,"},{"startTime":270.61,"endTime":272.21,"body":"you know what you're looking at."},{"startTime":275.22,"endTime":277.26,"body":"Here's \"O Little Town of Bethlehem\""},{"startTime":277.26,"endTime":282.11,"body":"in the handwriting of the"},{"startTime":277.26,"endTime":282.11,"body":"American Phillips Brooks,"},{"startTime":282.11,"endTime":285.413,"body":"who wrote the words in"},{"startTime":282.11,"endTime":285.413,"body":"the mid-19th century,"},{"startTime":286.71,"endTime":291.61,"body":"and in 1903, the composer"},{"startTime":286.71,"endTime":291.61,"body":"Ralph Vaughan Williams"},{"startTime":291.61,"endTime":294.54,"body":"collected a folk tune"},{"startTime":291.61,"endTime":294.54,"body":"that he thought would fit"},{"startTime":294.54,"endTime":297.117,"body":"to the words of \"O Little"},{"startTime":294.54,"endTime":297.117,"body":"Town of Bethlehem.\""},{"startTime":298.35,"endTime":302.9,"body":"The man who sang the tune"},{"startTime":298.35,"endTime":302.9,"body":"to Vaughan Williams in 1903"},{"startTime":302.9,"endTime":306.23,"body":"used to live in the"},{"startTime":302.9,"endTime":306.23,"body":"village of Forest Green,"},{"startTime":306.23,"endTime":308.17,"body":"near Leith Hill, in Surrey,"},{"startTime":308.17,"endTime":310.65,"body":"where the young Vaughan"},{"startTime":308.17,"endTime":310.65,"body":"Williams had grown up,"},{"startTime":310.65,"endTime":312.11,"body":"so the tune itself,"},{"startTime":312.11,"endTime":313.48,"body":"even though you didn't know it,"},{"startTime":313.48,"endTime":316.33,"body":"had nostalgia for Vaughan Williams"},{"startTime":316.33,"endTime":317.67,"body":"in terms of its provenance,"},{"startTime":317.67,"endTime":318.81,"body":"and you know it."},{"startTime":320.28,"endTime":325.28,"body":"O little town of Bethlehem"},{"startTime":326.143,"endTime":329.81,"body":"How still we see thee lie"},{"startTime":331.347,"endTime":333.55,"body":"- And the tune is called \"Forest Green\""},{"startTime":333.55,"endTime":336.36,"body":"because the person that"},{"startTime":333.55,"endTime":336.36,"body":"sang it to Vaughan Williams"},{"startTime":336.36,"endTime":338.023,"body":"came from Forest Green."},{"startTime":339.22,"endTime":340.7,"body":"In 1905,"},{"startTime":340.7,"endTime":342.81,"body":"so at the same time that Vaughan Williams"},{"startTime":342.81,"endTime":345.98,"body":"was compiling tunes for"},{"startTime":342.81,"endTime":345.98,"body":"\"The English Hymnal,\""},{"startTime":345.98,"endTime":349.68,"body":"Vaughan Williams' musical"},{"startTime":345.98,"endTime":349.68,"body":"rival, Henry Walford Davies,"},{"startTime":349.68,"endTime":352.877,"body":"composed a tune for \"O"},{"startTime":349.68,"endTime":352.877,"body":"Little Town of Bethlehem.\""},{"startTime":353.95,"endTime":355.84,"body":"Walford Davies, you may know,"},{"startTime":355.84,"endTime":358.78,"body":"was later master of the king's music,"},{"startTime":358.78,"endTime":360.22,"body":"but much more importantly,"},{"startTime":360.22,"endTime":362.783,"body":"he was a Gresham professor of music."},{"startTime":363.74,"endTime":365.64,"body":"Walford Davies' tune for \"O Little Town\""},{"startTime":365.64,"endTime":367.53,"body":"was so well respected"},{"startTime":367.53,"endTime":368.363,"body":"that it was used"},{"startTime":368.363,"endTime":371.27,"body":"in the Festival of Nine"},{"startTime":368.363,"endTime":371.27,"body":"Lessons and Carols from King's"},{"startTime":371.27,"endTime":375.253,"body":"from 1920 all the way through to 1948."},{"startTime":377.431,"endTime":382.431,"body":"O little town of Bethlehem"},{"startTime":382.91,"endTime":386.577,"body":"How still we see thee lie"},{"startTime":388.649,"endTime":389.95,"body":"- I think it's easy for us here"},{"startTime":389.95,"endTime":393.37,"body":"to be nostalgic about Christmas tunes"},{"startTime":393.37,"endTime":395.55,"body":"written by Henry Walford Davies,"},{"startTime":395.55,"endTime":399.49,"body":"or collected and harmonized"},{"startTime":395.55,"endTime":399.49,"body":"by Ralph Vaughan Williams,"},{"startTime":399.49,"endTime":402.6,"body":"but let's see if I can promote nostalgia"},{"startTime":402.6,"endTime":405.38,"body":"in something that a British"},{"startTime":402.6,"endTime":405.38,"body":"audience in particular"},{"startTime":405.38,"endTime":406.523,"body":"may not know."},{"startTime":408.02,"endTime":411.34,"body":"Reverend Phillips Brooks,"},{"startTime":408.02,"endTime":411.34,"body":"who wrote these words,"},{"startTime":411.34,"endTime":414.4,"body":"was rector of the Church"},{"startTime":411.34,"endTime":414.4,"body":"of the Holy Trinity"},{"startTime":414.4,"endTime":415.563,"body":"in Philadelphia."},{"startTime":416.47,"endTime":419.6,"body":"Brooks took a sabbatical"},{"startTime":416.47,"endTime":419.6,"body":"and traveled to Palestine,"},{"startTime":419.6,"endTime":422.16,"body":"where he attended an overnight service"},{"startTime":422.16,"endTime":424.6,"body":"at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem"},{"startTime":424.6,"endTime":428.0,"body":"on Christmas Eve of 1865."},{"startTime":428.0,"endTime":429.29,"body":"So first off,"},{"startTime":429.29,"endTime":432.28,"body":"Brooks experienced gospel nostalgia"},{"startTime":432.28,"endTime":434.05,"body":"just from being in Bethlehem"},{"startTime":434.05,"endTime":436.63,"body":"and musing on the birth of Christ,"},{"startTime":436.63,"endTime":438.76,"body":"but he also experienced nostalgia"},{"startTime":438.76,"endTime":441.44,"body":"for the American children"},{"startTime":438.76,"endTime":441.44,"body":"in his Sunday school"},{"startTime":441.44,"endTime":443.88,"body":"back in Philadelphia,"},{"startTime":443.88,"endTime":447.253,"body":"whose voices he still carried"},{"startTime":443.88,"endTime":447.253,"body":"with him in his memory."},{"startTime":448.19,"endTime":449.88,"body":"The hymn's present tense"},{"startTime":449.88,"endTime":453.3,"body":"readily conjures up a"},{"startTime":449.88,"endTime":453.3,"body":"feeling of nostalgia."},{"startTime":453.3,"endTime":454.57,"body":"More than that,"},{"startTime":454.57,"endTime":456.44,"body":"the hymn itself wasn't written"},{"startTime":456.44,"endTime":459.69,"body":"as Brooks gazed out over the"},{"startTime":456.44,"endTime":459.69,"body":"little town of Bethlehem,"},{"startTime":459.69,"endTime":461.62,"body":"but almost three years later,"},{"startTime":461.62,"endTime":463.36,"body":"when Brooks was back in America"},{"startTime":463.36,"endTime":466.34,"body":"with his beloved Sunday school children,"},{"startTime":466.34,"endTime":468.54,"body":"nostalgically relating to them"},{"startTime":468.54,"endTime":471.47,"body":"the details of his visit to the Holy Land,"},{"startTime":471.47,"endTime":473.71,"body":"so there are many levels of nostalgia"},{"startTime":473.71,"endTime":476.263,"body":"just in the composition of the words."},{"startTime":477.25,"endTime":480.18,"body":"The organist at Reverend Brooks' church"},{"startTime":480.18,"endTime":481.88,"body":"was Lewis Redner,"},{"startTime":481.88,"endTime":483.8,"body":"who wrote the tune in a hurry."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":485.737,"endTime":488.697,"body":"\"Reverend Brooks came to"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":485.737,"endTime":488.697,"body":"me on Friday, and said,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":488.697,"endTime":490.543,"body":"\"'Redner, have you"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":488.697,"endTime":490.543,"body":"ground out that music yet"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":490.543,"endTime":493.277,"body":"\"'to \"O Little Town of Bethlehem\"?'"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":493.277,"endTime":494.217,"body":"\"On the Saturday evening,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":494.217,"endTime":496.897,"body":"\"my brain was all confused about the tune."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":496.897,"endTime":499.08,"body":"\"I thought more about my"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":496.897,"endTime":499.08,"body":"Sunday school lesson,\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":499.08,"endTime":499.913,"body":"good for him,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":499.913,"endTime":501.737,"body":"\"I thought more about"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":499.913,"endTime":501.737,"body":"my Sunday school lesson"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":501.737,"endTime":503.477,"body":"\"than I did about the music,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":503.477,"endTime":506.497,"body":"\"but I was roused from"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":503.477,"endTime":506.497,"body":"sleep late in the night,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":506.497,"endTime":510.037,"body":"\"hearing an angel strain"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":506.497,"endTime":510.037,"body":"whispering in my ear,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":510.037,"endTime":511.857,"body":"\"and seizing a piece of music paper,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":511.857,"endTime":515.437,"body":"\"I jotted down the treble of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":511.857,"endTime":515.437,"body":"the tune as we now have it."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":515.437,"endTime":517.977,"body":"\"And on Sunday morning,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":515.437,"endTime":517.977,"body":"before going to church."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":517.977,"endTime":520.117,"body":"\"I filled in the harmony."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":520.117,"endTime":522.047,"body":"\"Neither Mr. Brooks nor I"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":522.047,"endTime":525.947,"body":"\"ever thought the carol,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":522.047,"endTime":525.947,"body":"or the music to it,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":525.947,"endTime":529.72,"body":"\"would live beyond that"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":525.947,"endTime":529.72,"body":"Christmas of 1868.\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":529.72,"endTime":530.59,"body":"I mean why would you,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":530.59,"endTime":532.4,"body":"but of course it has."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":532.4,"endTime":533.233,"body":"And so now,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":533.233,"endTime":537.6,"body":"in an attempt to engage you"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":533.233,"endTime":537.6,"body":"in some proto-nostalgia,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":537.6,"endTime":539.85,"body":"we will sing you the original tune"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":539.85,"endTime":541.17,"body":"of \"O Little Town of Bethlehem,\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":541.17,"endTime":543.04,"body":"which probably most of you don't know,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":543.04,"endTime":544.31,"body":"and see if we can conjure up"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":544.31,"endTime":548.673,"body":"some mid-19th century nostalgia"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":544.31,"endTime":548.673,"body":"for this original tune,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":549.77,"endTime":551.39,"body":"which, as Redner said,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":551.39,"endTime":553.707,"body":"was dictated to him by angels."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":559.42,"endTime":564.42,"body":"Oh little town of Bethlehem"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":566.328,"endTime":571.328,"body":"How still we see thee lie"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":573.337,"endTime":578.337,"body":"Above thy deep and dreamless sleep"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":580.235,"endTime":585.235,"body":"The silent stars go by"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":587.651,"endTime":591.983,"body":"Yet in thy dark streets"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":591.983,"endTime":596.983,"body":"Shineth the everlasting light"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":601.946,"endTime":606.946,"body":"The hopes and fears of all the years"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":609.932,"endTime":613.432,"body":"Are met in thee tonight"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":623.92,"endTime":627.67,"body":"- I don't suppose it will replace"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":623.92,"endTime":627.67,"body":"the Vaughan Williams tune,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":627.67,"endTime":628.69,"body":"or indeed the Walford Davies,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":628.69,"endTime":630.49,"body":"but I do think it's utterly beautiful,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":630.49,"endTime":633.5,"body":"and it's very, very mid-19th"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":630.49,"endTime":633.5,"body":"century, and very American,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":633.5,"endTime":634.9,"body":"and all the better for that."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":637.89,"endTime":641.39,"body":"The famous Festival of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":637.89,"endTime":641.39,"body":"Nine Lessons and Carols"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":641.39,"endTime":642.84,"body":"at King's, Cambridge"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":642.84,"endTime":645.87,"body":"is itself a nostalgic event."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":645.87,"endTime":647.583,"body":"As I've rehearsed here many times,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":648.79,"endTime":651.98,"body":"the first Festival of Nine"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":648.79,"endTime":651.98,"body":"Lessons and Carols at King's"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":651.98,"endTime":654.53,"body":"was in 1918,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":654.53,"endTime":659.16,"body":"and while it was the first"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":654.53,"endTime":659.16,"body":"carol service of its type,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":659.16,"endTime":661.543,"body":"it was primarily, at King's,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":662.52,"endTime":665.24,"body":"a remembrance of those that had"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":662.52,"endTime":665.24,"body":"died in the First World War."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":665.24,"endTime":668.31,"body":"King's College, like every"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":665.24,"endTime":668.31,"body":"other institution in Britain,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":668.31,"endTime":669.42,"body":"lost an awful lot of people."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":669.42,"endTime":672.13,"body":"I think, in King's, it was 101 people,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":672.13,"endTime":673.82,"body":"which, given the size of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":672.13,"endTime":673.82,"body":"the college at the time,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":673.82,"endTime":675.27,"body":"is an enormous amount,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":675.27,"endTime":678.04,"body":"but that's World War I, as you know."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":678.04,"endTime":681.27,"body":"So King's lost a lot of people,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":681.27,"endTime":685.87,"body":"so the service itself"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":681.27,"endTime":685.87,"body":"was a nostalgic event,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":685.87,"endTime":687.22,"body":"and designed to be so,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":687.22,"endTime":689.79,"body":"to commemorate those from King's College"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":689.79,"endTime":692.273,"body":"who had lost their lives in the war."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":693.68,"endTime":694.63,"body":"But itself,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":694.63,"endTime":699.04,"body":"it was also based on a service"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":699.04,"endTime":703.483,"body":"that was designed in"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":699.04,"endTime":703.483,"body":"1880 at Truro Cathedral,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":704.967,"endTime":706.44,"body":"there it is, the Nine Lessons with Carols,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":706.44,"endTime":709.57,"body":"this is from that first service in 1880."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":712.96,"endTime":716.44,"body":"And I've also given you"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":712.96,"endTime":716.44,"body":"the last page there,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":716.44,"endTime":718.01,"body":"and you can see that,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":718.01,"endTime":719.78,"body":"at the end of the service,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":719.78,"endTime":722.487,"body":"there is the canticle, \"The Magnificat,\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":724.17,"endTime":726.703,"body":"and in 1880, at this point,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":727.74,"endTime":730.45,"body":"that canticle would have sounded"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":730.45,"endTime":732.31,"body":"as we'll sing to you in a moment,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":732.31,"endTime":735.108,"body":"but I want to tell you how it got there."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":735.108,"endTime":737.99,"body":"The Truro service had this"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":735.108,"endTime":737.99,"body":"\"Magnificat\" at the end,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":737.99,"endTime":739.21,"body":"but it wasn't \"The Magnificat\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":739.21,"endTime":742.03,"body":"to the prayer book words you'd hear now"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":742.03,"endTime":743.34,"body":"if you went to evensong,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":743.34,"endTime":746.22,"body":"but it was in the 16th"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":743.34,"endTime":746.22,"body":"century rhyming translation"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":746.22,"endTime":748.11,"body":"by Sternhold and Hopkins,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":748.11,"endTime":751.527,"body":"the so-called old version of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":748.11,"endTime":751.527,"body":"\"The Whole Book of Psalms.\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":752.47,"endTime":755.37,"body":"This \"Magnificat\" itself was nostalgic"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":755.37,"endTime":757.89,"body":"because it was based on a very old tune"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":757.89,"endTime":759.823,"body":"from the 16th century."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":761.88,"endTime":763.37,"body":"Here's the tune."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":763.37,"endTime":767.33,"body":"This was a tune that was"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":763.37,"endTime":767.33,"body":"published first in 1562"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":767.33,"endTime":769.0,"body":"in \"Day's Psalter\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":769.0,"endTime":773.57,"body":"as a tune to both Psalm 77 and Psalm 81,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":773.57,"endTime":776.8,"body":"you're looking here at Psalm 81,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":776.8,"endTime":779.553,"body":"and this is how it sounded"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":776.8,"endTime":779.553,"body":"in the 16th century."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":784.924,"endTime":789.647,"body":"Be light and glad, in God rejoice,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":789.647,"endTime":793.884,"body":"Which is our strength, our stay"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":793.884,"endTime":798.65,"body":"Be joyful and lift up your voice"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":798.65,"endTime":802.896,"body":"To Jacob's God, I say"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":802.896,"endTime":807.833,"body":"Prepare your instruments most meet"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":807.833,"endTime":811.978,"body":"Some joyful psalm to sing"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":811.978,"endTime":816.978,"body":"Strike up with harp and lute so sweet,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":817.22,"endTime":820.803,"body":"On every pleasant string"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":826.663,"endTime":829.02,"body":"- I know, it's a very catchy tune"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":829.02,"endTime":830.4,"body":"from the 16th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":830.4,"endTime":832.43,"body":"first published in 1562,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":832.43,"endTime":834.803,"body":"and sung there to Psalm 81."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":835.71,"endTime":839.11,"body":"That tune was widely used"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":835.71,"endTime":839.11,"body":"until the 19th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":839.11,"endTime":844.11,"body":"when it appeared in \"Hymns"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":839.11,"endTime":844.11,"body":"Ancient and Modern\" in 1861"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":844.3,"endTime":847.04,"body":"under its editor William Monk."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":847.04,"endTime":849.09,"body":"William Monk was a London church musician"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":849.09,"endTime":851.707,"body":"who composed to the"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":849.09,"endTime":851.707,"body":"tunes to, you will know,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":851.707,"endTime":855.13,"body":"\"All Things Bright and"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":851.707,"endTime":855.13,"body":"Beautiful\" and \"Abide With Me.\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":855.13,"endTime":857.83,"body":"And this 16th century tune"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":857.83,"endTime":860.56,"body":"came to be applied to \"The Magnificat,\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":860.56,"endTime":864.163,"body":"and it had 19th century"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":860.56,"endTime":864.163,"body":"harmonies put to it."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":871.753,"endTime":876.753,"body":"My soul doth magnify the Lord"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":876.995,"endTime":881.995,"body":"My spirit evermore"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":876.995,"endTime":881.995,"body":"rejoiceth in the Lord my God"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":886.242,"endTime":890.368,"body":"Which is my savior"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":890.368,"endTime":895.368,"body":"And why, because he did regard"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":895.888,"endTime":899.83,"body":"And gave respect unto"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":899.83,"endTime":904.83,"body":"So base estate of his handmaid"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":905.357,"endTime":908.69,"body":"And let the mighty go"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":914.63,"endTime":915.65,"body":"- That is the tune"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":915.65,"endTime":918.03,"body":"to which \"The Magnificat\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":915.65,"endTime":918.03,"body":"would have been sung"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":918.03,"endTime":923.03,"body":"in the Truro Festival of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":918.03,"endTime":923.03,"body":"Carols from 1880 onwards,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":924.23,"endTime":925.42,"body":"and so that would have been the tune"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":925.42,"endTime":928.72,"body":"that was associated with \"The"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":925.42,"endTime":928.72,"body":"Magnificat\" for carol services"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":928.72,"endTime":930.493,"body":"in people's heads."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":931.52,"endTime":932.98,"body":"So when Charles Wood,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":932.98,"endTime":934.76,"body":"from the neighboring Caius College,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":934.76,"endTime":937.3,"body":"just next door to King's College,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":937.3,"endTime":939.84,"body":"was asked to write a"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":937.3,"endTime":939.84,"body":"setting of \"The Magnificat\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":939.84,"endTime":943.31,"body":"for that first 1980 carol service,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":943.31,"endTime":946.13,"body":"of course, he based his"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":943.31,"endTime":946.13,"body":"\"Magnificat\" setting"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":946.13,"endTime":949.89,"body":"on the tune that everybody knew."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":949.89,"endTime":951.42,"body":"But what he did, in a very subtle way,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":951.42,"endTime":953.45,"body":"he just made it a little"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":951.42,"endTime":953.45,"body":"bit more interesting,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":953.45,"endTime":954.65,"body":"bits unaccompanied,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":954.65,"endTime":956.29,"body":"changed the harmonies here and there,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":956.29,"endTime":958.84,"body":"had little bits of imitation"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":956.29,"endTime":958.84,"body":"between the singers."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":958.84,"endTime":960.79,"body":"This is just how the first verse sounds,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":960.79,"endTime":962.46,"body":"but what you should now be hearing"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":962.46,"endTime":964.41,"body":"is a 16th century tune"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":964.41,"endTime":966.56,"body":"that was very well known"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":964.41,"endTime":966.56,"body":"until the 19th century,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":966.56,"endTime":970.53,"body":"which then had 19th century"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":966.56,"endTime":970.53,"body":"harmonies applied to it,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":970.53,"endTime":972.33,"body":"which were then applied"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":970.53,"endTime":972.33,"body":"to \"The Magnificat,\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":972.33,"endTime":973.21,"body":"people were happy with that,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":973.21,"endTime":975.41,"body":"and then Charles Wood came"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":973.21,"endTime":975.41,"body":"along and, in my opinion,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":975.41,"endTime":976.47,"body":"in an extraordinary way,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":976.47,"endTime":979.87,"body":"respecting the nostalgia of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":976.47,"endTime":979.87,"body":"all the earlier material,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":979.87,"endTime":981.73,"body":"just made it a little bit more exciting,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":981.73,"endTime":985.36,"body":"and it is the first King's"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":981.73,"endTime":985.36,"body":"College Cambridge commission"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":985.36,"endTime":987.413,"body":"for the Festival of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":985.36,"endTime":987.413,"body":"Nine Lessons and Carols."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":992.823,"endTime":996.823,"body":"My soul doth magnify the Lord"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1004.586,"endTime":1009.586,"body":"My spirit evermore"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1004.586,"endTime":1009.586,"body":"rejoiceth in the Lord my God"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1013.914,"endTime":1018.079,"body":"Which is my savior"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1018.079,"endTime":1023.079,"body":"And why, because he did regard"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1025.025,"endTime":1029.172,"body":"And gave respect unto"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1029.172,"endTime":1034.172,"body":"So base estate of his handmaid"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1035.386,"endTime":1038.719,"body":"And let the mighty go"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1048.51,"endTime":1049.51,"body":"- A remarkable achievement,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1049.51,"endTime":1052.69,"body":"respecting its roots and"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1049.51,"endTime":1052.69,"body":"showing that less is more,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1052.69,"endTime":1055.66,"body":"just enough change to make it a new piece,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1055.66,"endTime":1057.683,"body":"but absolutely respecting its tradition."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1062.44,"endTime":1064.213,"body":"Staying with the First World War,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1065.05,"endTime":1069.35,"body":"but going to the beginning"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1065.05,"endTime":1069.35,"body":"rather than the aftermath,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1069.35,"endTime":1072.15,"body":"there was the Christmas truce of 1914,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1072.15,"endTime":1074.79,"body":"which you all will be familiar with."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1074.79,"endTime":1078.23,"body":"This is a perfect example"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1074.79,"endTime":1078.23,"body":"of proto-nostalgia:"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1078.23,"endTime":1079.37,"body":"none of us was there,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1079.37,"endTime":1080.77,"body":"but we can feel nostalgia"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1080.77,"endTime":1085.77,"body":"for that story of the Christmas truce,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1085.8,"endTime":1089.631,"body":"when they played football"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1085.8,"endTime":1089.631,"body":"together, famously,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1089.631,"endTime":1091.131,"body":"and sang together."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1092.13,"endTime":1095.13,"body":"A key player in the Christmas truce"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1095.13,"endTime":1098.0,"body":"was Walter Kirchhoff,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1098.0,"endTime":1101.66,"body":"a German officer and some-time"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1098.0,"endTime":1101.66,"body":"member of the Berlin Opera,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1101.66,"endTime":1105.27,"body":"and Kirchhoff's singing of"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1101.66,"endTime":1105.27,"body":"the carol \"Silent Night,\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1105.27,"endTime":1107.05,"body":"in both German and English,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1107.05,"endTime":1110.07,"body":"is credited with setting"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1107.05,"endTime":1110.07,"body":"off the exchange of songs"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1110.07,"endTime":1112.43,"body":"between the enemy soldiers,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1112.43,"endTime":1115.413,"body":"and the effect might have"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1112.43,"endTime":1115.413,"body":"been something like this."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1121.067,"endTime":1124.65,"body":"Stille Nacht, holy night"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1131.206,"endTime":1136.206,"body":"Alles schlaft, all is bright"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1141.001,"endTime":1146.001,"body":"Nur das traute hochheilige Paar"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1150.387,"endTime":1155.387,"body":"Holder Kanbe im lockigten Haar"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1159.45,"endTime":1164.45,"body":"Sleep in heavenly peace"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1169.324,"endTime":1172.991,"body":"Schlaf in himmlischer Ruh"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1179.59,"endTime":1180.9,"body":"- 10 years ago,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1180.9,"endTime":1183.15,"body":"UNESCO declared \"Silent Night\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1183.15,"endTime":1186.45,"body":"an intangible cultural heritage,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1186.45,"endTime":1187.503,"body":"which indeed it is."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1192.25,"endTime":1194.017,"body":"The hymn, carol"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1194.017,"endTime":1196.93,"body":"\"While Shepherds Watched"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1194.017,"endTime":1196.93,"body":"Their Flocks by Night\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1196.93,"endTime":1199.493,"body":"is loaded with nostalgia."},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1202.389,"endTime":1203.86,"body":"Tate and Brady published"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1203.86,"endTime":1207.28,"body":"their \"New Version of the Psalms\" in 1696,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1207.28,"endTime":1211.3,"body":"their rhymed psalms, in 1696,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1211.3,"endTime":1213.257,"body":"and it had a supplement four years later,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1213.257,"endTime":1215.86,"body":"\"The Supplement to the New"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1213.257,"endTime":1215.86,"body":"Version of the Psalms.\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1215.86,"endTime":1217.64,"body":"And \"While Shepherds Watched\""},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1217.64,"endTime":1222.13,"body":"was one of the 16 hymns printed"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1217.64,"endTime":1222.13,"body":"in that 1700 supplement,"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1222.13,"endTime":1223.99,"body":"so what you're looking at here"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1223.99,"endTime":1227.74,"body":"is the words as they appeared in 1700"},{"speaker":"Here's how Redner put it","startTime":1227.74,"endTime":1229.48,"body":"for the first time."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1230.94,"endTime":1234.81,"body":"between 1700 and 1782,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1234.81,"endTime":1237.25,"body":"it was the only Christmas hymn"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1237.25,"endTime":1240.33,"body":"authorized for use by"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1237.25,"endTime":1240.33,"body":"the Church of England."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1240.33,"endTime":1242.61,"body":"Between 1700 and 1782,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1242.61,"endTime":1243.61,"body":"the only Christmas hymn"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1243.61,"endTime":1245.18,"body":"you could sing in the Church of England"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1245.18,"endTime":1247.4,"body":"was \"While Shepherds Watched,\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1247.4,"endTime":1251.57,"body":"so that's eight decades as"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1247.4,"endTime":1251.57,"body":"the only Christmas hymn."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1251.57,"endTime":1255.43,"body":"And when those words"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1251.57,"endTime":1255.43,"body":"were published in 1700,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1255.43,"endTime":1257.83,"body":"there was no tune attached,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1257.83,"endTime":1259.73,"body":"so obviously,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1259.73,"endTime":1264.34,"body":"it ended up attracting"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1259.73,"endTime":1264.34,"body":"a huge variety of tunes."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1264.34,"endTime":1266.31,"body":"The one that's most common today"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1266.31,"endTime":1267.907,"body":"is known as \"Winchester Old.\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1269.631,"endTime":1274.631,"body":"While shepherds watched"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1269.631,"endTime":1274.631,"body":"their flocks by night"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1275.23,"endTime":1278.813,"body":"All seated on the ground"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1280.44,"endTime":1282.21,"body":"- But in the 18th century,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1282.21,"endTime":1284.58,"body":"when you've got over eight decades"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1284.58,"endTime":1286.42,"body":"of it being the only tune,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1286.42,"endTime":1288.55,"body":"it's not surprising what happened,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1288.55,"endTime":1292.7,"body":"which was that every little"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1288.55,"endTime":1292.7,"body":"village, every particular area"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1292.7,"endTime":1293.8,"body":"had its own tune,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1293.8,"endTime":1295.8,"body":"they wrote these tunes for themselves,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1295.8,"endTime":1298.94,"body":"and loyalty to that tune,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1295.8,"endTime":1298.94,"body":"like anything local,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1298.94,"endTime":1301.273,"body":"was often very deeply rooted."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1303.127,"endTime":1305.25,"body":"This tune particularly had currency"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1305.25,"endTime":1307.67,"body":"with the so-called west gallery choirs."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1307.67,"endTime":1311.68,"body":"These west gallery choirs"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1307.67,"endTime":1311.68,"body":"sang from the west gallery,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1311.68,"endTime":1316.68,"body":"and they began to be disbanded"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1311.68,"endTime":1316.68,"body":"in the mid-19th century."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1318.27,"endTime":1320.08,"body":"If you have read, or know about"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1321.0,"endTime":1323.797,"body":"the first of Thomas Hardy's Wessex novels,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1323.797,"endTime":1327.793,"body":"\"Under the Greenwood"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1323.797,"endTime":1327.793,"body":"Tree,\" written in 1871-2,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1328.71,"endTime":1329.73,"body":"about an earlier time,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1329.73,"endTime":1331.77,"body":"then you'll know what's"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1329.73,"endTime":1331.77,"body":"being depicted here."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1331.77,"endTime":1333.65,"body":"Originally, \"Under the Greenwood Tree\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1333.65,"endTime":1336.427,"body":"was known as \"The Mellstock Choir,\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1337.48,"endTime":1341.72,"body":"and Mellstock was a fictional"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1337.48,"endTime":1341.72,"body":"representation of Stinsford,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1341.72,"endTime":1345.03,"body":"and Stinsford was Hardy's birthplace."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1345.03,"endTime":1346.24,"body":"In the 1830s,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1346.24,"endTime":1348.38,"body":"and we have Thomas Hardy's drawing of it,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1348.38,"endTime":1349.87,"body":"drawing how the west gallery looked,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1349.87,"endTime":1350.92,"body":"who was standing where,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1350.92,"endTime":1353.04,"body":"which voice parts were standing where,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1353.04,"endTime":1356.19,"body":"and also proudly showing his father,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1356.19,"endTime":1358.6,"body":"confusingly also Thomas Hardy,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1358.6,"endTime":1360.24,"body":"and his uncle, James Hardy,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1360.24,"endTime":1361.64,"body":"playing violins,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1361.64,"endTime":1362.8,"body":"and his grandfather,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1362.8,"endTime":1365.6,"body":"even more confusingly also Thomas Hardy,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1365.6,"endTime":1366.503,"body":"playing the cello."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1367.788,"endTime":1371.47,"body":"So we'll reconstruct our"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1367.788,"endTime":1371.47,"body":"own west gallery choir,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1371.47,"endTime":1375.373,"body":"which is a mixture of"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1371.47,"endTime":1375.373,"body":"instruments and voices."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1376.23,"endTime":1377.66,"body":"Interestingly, in Stinsford,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1377.66,"endTime":1378.84,"body":"in Thomas Hardy's choir,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1378.84,"endTime":1380.85,"body":"they didn't have woodwind instruments,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1380.85,"endTime":1381.683,"body":"as we're about to have,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1381.683,"endTime":1385.39,"body":"they eschewed everything that"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1381.683,"endTime":1385.39,"body":"wasn't catgut apparently,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1385.39,"endTime":1387.01,"body":"so it was just strings for Thomas Hardy,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1387.01,"endTime":1390.21,"body":"but we're going to use some"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1387.01,"endTime":1390.21,"body":"woodwind instruments as well."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1390.21,"endTime":1393.09,"body":"And we'll sing you a couple of carols"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1393.09,"endTime":1396.52,"body":"that are found in Thomas"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1393.09,"endTime":1396.52,"body":"Hardy's grandfather's book,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1396.52,"endTime":1400.41,"body":"so these are the sort of"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1396.52,"endTime":1400.41,"body":"carols that we know were sung."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1400.41,"endTime":1401.69,"body":"We'll segue them together,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1401.69,"endTime":1403.06,"body":"but here are just two versions,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1403.06,"endTime":1405.91,"body":"just two of many, many"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1403.06,"endTime":1405.91,"body":"hundreds of versions,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1405.91,"endTime":1407.987,"body":"of \"While Shepherds Watched.\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1409.51,"endTime":1411.633,"body":"The thing to listen for in particular,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1412.98,"endTime":1417.68,"body":"because this absolutely personifies"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1417.68,"endTime":1421.41,"body":"what west gallery carols were about,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1421.41,"endTime":1423.99,"body":"is that there's repeated words at the end,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1423.99,"endTime":1425.38,"body":"and dotted rhythms at the end,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1425.38,"endTime":1427.98,"body":"so that's the thing to look out for."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1427.98,"endTime":1430.57,"body":"Anyway, here's our west gallery choir"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1430.57,"endTime":1433.263,"body":"as it might have been heard"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1433.263,"endTime":1435.626,"body":"at the beginning of the 19th century."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1435.626,"endTime":1438.709,"body":"(jolly bassoon riff)"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1442.984,"endTime":1447.984,"body":"While shepherds watched"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1442.984,"endTime":1447.984,"body":"their flocks by night"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1448.0,"endTime":1451.74,"body":"All seated on the ground"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1451.74,"endTime":1456.462,"body":"The angel of the Lord came down"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1456.462,"endTime":1461.359,"body":"And glory shone around,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1456.462,"endTime":1461.359,"body":"and glory shone around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1461.359,"endTime":1466.359,"body":"And glory shone around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1466.479,"endTime":1471.112,"body":"While shepherds watched"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1466.479,"endTime":1471.112,"body":"their flocks by night"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1471.112,"endTime":1475.033,"body":"All seated on the ground"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1475.033,"endTime":1479.543,"body":"The angel of the Lord came down"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1479.543,"endTime":1484.33,"body":"And glory, glory, glory shone around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1484.33,"endTime":1486.736,"body":"And glory shone around, around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1486.736,"endTime":1489.226,"body":"And glory shone around, around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1489.226,"endTime":1492.643,"body":"And glory shone around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1495.853,"endTime":1497.29,"body":"- I think that's a very"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1495.853,"endTime":1497.29,"body":"good representation"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1497.29,"endTime":1499.044,"body":"of a village choir, me."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1499.044,"endTime":1501.877,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1504.05,"endTime":1506.81,"body":"That business of the repeated words"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1506.81,"endTime":1508.23,"body":"at the end of the verses,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1508.23,"endTime":1510.87,"body":"and those dotted rhythms"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1508.23,"endTime":1510.87,"body":"at the end of the verses,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1510.87,"endTime":1512.26,"body":"that was exactly the thing"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1512.26,"endTime":1515.07,"body":"that \"Hymns Ancient and Modern\" cut out."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1515.07,"endTime":1516.57,"body":"The editor, William Monk,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1516.57,"endTime":1518.65,"body":"it became known as the Rule of Monk,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1518.65,"endTime":1520.5,"body":"basically anything that's"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1518.65,"endTime":1520.5,"body":"interesting won't do,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1520.5,"endTime":1522.81,"body":"in particular, repeated"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1520.5,"endTime":1522.81,"body":"things and dotted rhythms,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1522.81,"endTime":1525.55,"body":"and if there's more than"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1522.81,"endTime":1525.55,"body":"one note to a syllable,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1525.55,"endTime":1526.383,"body":"that won't do,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1526.383,"endTime":1527.79,"body":"that was the job of \"Ancient and Modern,\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1527.79,"endTime":1530.61,"body":"to clear out all that"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1527.79,"endTime":1530.61,"body":"kind of music-making."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1530.61,"endTime":1532.18,"body":"And, as I say, if you haven't read it,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1532.18,"endTime":1533.46,"body":"do read \"Under the Greenwood Tree,\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1533.46,"endTime":1535.28,"body":"it's a beautiful novel,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1535.28,"endTime":1536.25,"body":"but a very sad novel"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1536.25,"endTime":1538.12,"body":"because it's about getting"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1536.25,"endTime":1538.12,"body":"rid of these people,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1538.12,"endTime":1539.4,"body":"the west gallery choirs,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1539.4,"endTime":1541.71,"body":"and bringing in the"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1539.4,"endTime":1541.71,"body":"horrors of a harmonium,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1541.71,"endTime":1544.053,"body":"or even worse, a pipe organ."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1546.247,"endTime":1547.93,"body":"\"While Shepherds Watched\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1547.93,"endTime":1552.43,"body":"creates different nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1547.93,"endTime":1552.43,"body":"in the North of England."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1552.43,"endTime":1554.87,"body":"Even though the tune \"Cranbrbook\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1554.87,"endTime":1558.07,"body":"was composed by a Canterbury cobbler,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1558.07,"endTime":1561.05,"body":"it's now championed in"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1558.07,"endTime":1561.05,"body":"the North of England."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1561.05,"endTime":1562.76,"body":"As we know it in the South here,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1562.76,"endTime":1564.75,"body":"it's \"On Ilkley Moor Baht 'at\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1564.75,"endTime":1565.9,"body":"but in the North,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1565.9,"endTime":1568.313,"body":"it's known as \"While Shepherds Watched.\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1572.877,"endTime":1575.936,"body":"While shepherds watched"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1572.877,"endTime":1575.936,"body":"their flocks by night"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1575.936,"endTime":1577.602,"body":"Flocks by night"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1577.602,"endTime":1582.602,"body":"All seated on the ground"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1582.772,"endTime":1587.427,"body":"The angel of the Lord came"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1582.772,"endTime":1587.427,"body":"down, of the Lord came down"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1587.427,"endTime":1590.342,"body":"The angel of the Lord came down"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1590.342,"endTime":1591.877,"body":"Glory be to God on high"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1591.877,"endTime":1596.778,"body":"And glory shone around,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1591.877,"endTime":1596.778,"body":"and glory shone around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1596.778,"endTime":1600.195,"body":"And glory shone around"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1609.92,"endTime":1611.94,"body":"- We've never yet had the nerve to do that"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1611.94,"endTime":1613.26,"body":"at St. Luke's, Chelsea."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1613.26,"endTime":1614.82,"body":"We'll slip it in one day,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1614.82,"endTime":1616.14,"body":"when we're ready to leave,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1616.14,"endTime":1617.68,"body":"when we think it's on the cards,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1617.68,"endTime":1618.513,"body":"we'll put that in,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1618.513,"endTime":1620.32,"body":"it is a wonderful, wonderful hymn."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1623.94,"endTime":1628.94,"body":"The earliest carol is itself"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1623.94,"endTime":1628.94,"body":"nostalgic almost by definition,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1630.99,"endTime":1632.64,"body":"and I'll get Ruth to read it to you now,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1632.64,"endTime":1637.64,"body":"but I'll get her to read"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1632.64,"endTime":1637.64,"body":"it in modern English,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1637.74,"endTime":1640.36,"body":"and it will generally work for you."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1640.36,"endTime":1641.76,"body":"Some of the rhymes won't be great,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1641.76,"endTime":1645.44,"body":"the word wam means sin,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1641.76,"endTime":1645.44,"body":"in the second verse,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1645.44,"endTime":1646.273,"body":"just so you know."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1646.273,"endTime":1651.02,"body":"But anyway, this is the earliest"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1646.273,"endTime":1651.02,"body":"surviving Christmas carol."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1653.459,"endTime":1655.837,"body":"- \"Hand by hand we shall us take,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1655.837,"endTime":1658.617,"body":"\"and joy and bliss shall we make,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1658.617,"endTime":1661.557,"body":"\"for the Devil of Hell, man hath forsake,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1661.557,"endTime":1663.783,"body":"\"and God's Son is made our make."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1665.007,"endTime":1667.577,"body":"\"A child is born amongst man,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1667.577,"endTime":1670.537,"body":"\"and in that child was no wam."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1670.537,"endTime":1674.207,"body":"\"That child is God, that child is man,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1674.207,"endTime":1676.643,"body":"\"and in that child our life began."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1677.687,"endTime":1680.147,"body":"\"Hand by hand we shall us take"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1680.147,"endTime":1682.937,"body":"\"and joy and bliss shall we make,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1682.937,"endTime":1686.147,"body":"\"for the Devil of Hell, man hath forsake,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1686.147,"endTime":1688.467,"body":"\"and God's Son is made our make.\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1690.77,"endTime":1692.96,"body":"- I'm always talking"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1690.77,"endTime":1692.96,"body":"about the time machine,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1692.96,"endTime":1694.47,"body":"I really need it for this one,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1694.47,"endTime":1696.78,"body":"I need to go back to the mid-14th century"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1696.78,"endTime":1698.94,"body":"and find what the tune was to that carol,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1698.94,"endTime":1701.68,"body":"because, sadly, it doesn't survive."},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1701.68,"endTime":1702.7,"body":"But what I can do"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1702.7,"endTime":1706.58,"body":"is show you the earliest Christmas carol"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1706.58,"endTime":1708.713,"body":"that survives with its music,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1710.38,"endTime":1711.243,"body":"here it is,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1713.443,"endTime":1715.83,"body":"\"Lolay, Lolay, As I Lay on Yule's Night.\""},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1715.83,"endTime":1719.63,"body":"It dates from around the"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1715.83,"endTime":1719.63,"body":"same period, from 1350,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1719.63,"endTime":1721.08,"body":"but brilliantly,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1721.08,"endTime":1722.05,"body":"not in the same manuscript,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1722.05,"endTime":1723.47,"body":"but we have the words,"},{"speaker":"And here's the astonishing thing","startTime":1723.47,"endTime":1724.53,"body":"and at this point,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1728.288,"endTime":1731.027,"body":"\"Lolay, lolay, as I lay on Yule's Night,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1731.027,"endTime":1732.887,"body":"\"alone in my longing,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1732.887,"endTime":1734.887,"body":"\"methought I saw a well fair sight,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1734.887,"endTime":1736.917,"body":"\"a maid, her child rocking.\""},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1738.1,"endTime":1741.55,"body":"On the basis of the dialect of its text,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1741.55,"endTime":1744.01,"body":"it hails from the East Midlands,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1744.01,"endTime":1748.46,"body":"and this carol is"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1744.01,"endTime":1748.46,"body":"picturesque, almost filmic."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1748.46,"endTime":1749.293,"body":"The first verse"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1749.293,"endTime":1752.513,"body":"sees the poet lying in"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1749.293,"endTime":1752.513,"body":"bed on Christmas Night."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1753.63,"endTime":1755.48,"body":"As his imagination wanders,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1755.48,"endTime":1757.62,"body":"he conjures up the image of a young woman"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1757.62,"endTime":1760.65,"body":"rocking her newborn baby to sleep."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1760.65,"endTime":1764.27,"body":"The young woman is Mary,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1760.65,"endTime":1764.27,"body":"and the infant is Jesus."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1764.27,"endTime":1766.123,"body":"From the second verse onwards,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1767.06,"endTime":1770.563,"body":"the drama is played out in"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1767.06,"endTime":1770.563,"body":"the mind's eye of the poet."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1771.56,"endTime":1773.83,"body":"Mary tries to bed Jesus down,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1773.83,"endTime":1775.71,"body":"but without singing to him."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1775.71,"endTime":1777.11,"body":"Jesus, the baby, remember,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1777.11,"endTime":1781.41,"body":"Jesus asks that Mary sing"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1777.11,"endTime":1781.41,"body":"him a song about himself,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1781.41,"endTime":1784.02,"body":"as other mothers do to their children."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1784.02,"endTime":1786.22,"body":"Mary readily acquiesces,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1786.22,"endTime":1787.4,"body":"but maintains that,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1787.4,"endTime":1789.75,"body":"apart from being told by the Angel Gabriel"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1789.75,"endTime":1791.89,"body":"that she was to give birth to the messiah,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1791.89,"endTime":1793.68,"body":"she knows very little,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1793.68,"endTime":1796.96,"body":"nevermind that some of us might"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1793.68,"endTime":1796.96,"body":"think that was quite a lot."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1796.96,"endTime":1800.17,"body":"Mary recounts to Jesus how"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1796.96,"endTime":1800.17,"body":"she gave birth painlessly"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1800.17,"endTime":1801.57,"body":"on Midwinter Night,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1801.57,"endTime":1803.89,"body":"and how the shepherds heard angels singing"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1803.89,"endTime":1805.5,"body":"of the glorious birth."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1805.5,"endTime":1807.66,"body":"Jesus then takes over the story,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1807.66,"endTime":1809.77,"body":"and foretells the events of his life,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1809.77,"endTime":1812.51,"body":"from the visit of the"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1809.77,"endTime":1812.51,"body":"three kings after 12 days,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1812.51,"endTime":1815.43,"body":"through crucifixion and resurrection."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1815.43,"endTime":1817.3,"body":"At the final verse,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1817.3,"endTime":1821.32,"body":"we pan back to see the"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1817.3,"endTime":1821.32,"body":"poet in a holiday haze,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1821.32,"endTime":1823.46,"body":"intent on convincing us"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1823.46,"endTime":1826.69,"body":"that his Christmas vision was indeed real."},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1826.69,"endTime":1827.523,"body":"In his words,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1827.523,"endTime":1829.677,"body":"\"Certainly this sight I saw,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1829.677,"endTime":1831.637,"body":"\"this song I heard sung,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1831.637,"endTime":1835.057,"body":"\"as I lay on Christmas"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1831.637,"endTime":1835.057,"body":"Day alone in my longing.\""},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1836.12,"endTime":1837.44,"body":"We'll perform, not every verse,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1837.44,"endTime":1840.54,"body":"we'll perform some of this carol,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1840.54,"endTime":1842.01,"body":"because it's a beautiful carol,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1842.01,"endTime":1845.77,"body":"and as I say, nostalgic by definition,"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1845.77,"endTime":1848.93,"body":"it's the earliest"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1845.77,"endTime":1848.93,"body":"surviving Christmas carol"},{"speaker":"we have the words and the tune","startTime":1848.93,"endTime":1851.26,"body":"in English, with music."},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1852.46,"endTime":1855.07,"body":"basically, if you hum"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1852.46,"endTime":1855.07,"body":"along the refrain with us,"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1855.07,"endTime":1856.33,"body":"the burden with us,"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1856.33,"endTime":1857.163,"body":"the thing that occurs"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1857.163,"endTime":1859.35,"body":"at the beginning and after every verse,"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1859.35,"endTime":1861.55,"body":"I think that will help the lullaby effect."},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1861.55,"endTime":1862.6,"body":"First of all,"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1862.6,"endTime":1865.34,"body":"I'll just sing you the tune"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1865.34,"endTime":1867.79,"body":"so you know what it is"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1865.34,"endTime":1867.79,"body":"you're going to hum along to."},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1868.888,"endTime":1873.888,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1874.344,"endTime":1878.094,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1880.34,"endTime":1881.78,"body":"I'll just sing you the first half,"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1881.78,"endTime":1882.735,"body":"and then you copy that."},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1882.735,"endTime":1886.485,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1888.08,"endTime":1889.197,"body":"Hum with me."},{"speaker":"And I think you should help","startTime":1889.197,"endTime":1892.947,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1896.481,"endTime":1900.231,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1901.55,"endTime":1902.687,"body":"Hum along."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1902.687,"endTime":1906.437,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1910.234,"endTime":1911.08,"body":"What a wonderful thing to have"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1910.234,"endTime":1911.08,"body":"a Gresham audience, terrific."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1913.89,"endTime":1917.91,"body":"So you join in every time that burden,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1917.91,"endTime":1918.743,"body":"in other words,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1918.743,"endTime":1922.07,"body":"that refrain at the beginning"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1918.743,"endTime":1922.07,"body":"and after each verse occurs."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1922.07,"endTime":1926.24,"body":"So the characters here"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1922.07,"endTime":1926.24,"body":"are the poet, Henry,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1926.24,"endTime":1927.43,"body":"who's going to introduce it,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1927.43,"endTime":1928.263,"body":"and then, at the end,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1928.263,"endTime":1932.077,"body":"claim that he really did see what he saw,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1932.077,"endTime":1933.92,"body":"then we have the baby Jesus,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1933.92,"endTime":1935.72,"body":"portrayed by Helly,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1935.72,"endTime":1939.22,"body":"we have the Virgin Mary,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1935.72,"endTime":1939.22,"body":"portrayed by Billie,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1939.22,"endTime":1941.02,"body":"and then Henry will come in at the end."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1941.02,"endTime":1945.24,"body":"Anyway, be involved in a performance"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1945.24,"endTime":1950.24,"body":"of the earliest surviving"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1945.24,"endTime":1950.24,"body":"carol in English with music."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1953.706,"endTime":1958.706,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1959.991,"endTime":1964.991,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1967.388,"endTime":1972.388,"body":"As I lay on Yule's Night"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1967.388,"endTime":1972.388,"body":"alone in my longing"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1977.591,"endTime":1982.591,"body":"I thought I saw a well fair sight"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1983.065,"endTime":1988.065,"body":"A maid, her child rocking"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1988.814,"endTime":1993.814,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":1994.704,"endTime":1999.704,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2001.747,"endTime":2006.747,"body":"Sing thou mother, said the child"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2007.219,"endTime":2012.219,"body":"What shall to me befall"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2013.025,"endTime":2018.025,"body":"Hereafter when I come 'til old"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2018.836,"endTime":2023.836,"body":"For so do mothers all"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2025.095,"endTime":2030.095,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2031.375,"endTime":2036.375,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2038.017,"endTime":2043.017,"body":"He greet me goodly on his knee"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2043.089,"endTime":2048.089,"body":"And said, hail Mary"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2048.451,"endTime":2051.063,"body":"Hail, full of grace"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2051.063,"endTime":2053.925,"body":"God is with thee"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2053.925,"endTime":2058.925,"body":"Thou bearen shalt messiah"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2059.738,"endTime":2064.738,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2065.955,"endTime":2070.955,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2072.815,"endTime":2077.76,"body":"I answered blithely"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2077.76,"endTime":2082.76,"body":"For that his word we paid"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2083.258,"endTime":2088.258,"body":"Lo, God's servant here am I"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2088.865,"endTime":2093.865,"body":"Be it as thou me said"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2094.859,"endTime":2099.859,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2101.175,"endTime":2106.175,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2107.641,"endTime":2112.641,"body":"The shepherds waked in the wold"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2113.321,"endTime":2118.321,"body":"They heard a wundermirth"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2119.141,"endTime":2122.085,"body":"Of angels there"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2122.085,"endTime":2127.085,"body":"As them they told the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2122.085,"endTime":2127.085,"body":"tiding of thy birth"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2131.225,"endTime":2136.225,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2137.601,"endTime":2142.601,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2144.773,"endTime":2149.493,"body":"Certainly this sight I saw"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2149.493,"endTime":2154.493,"body":"This song I heard sing"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2154.765,"endTime":2159.765,"body":"As I me lay this Yule's Day"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2159.934,"endTime":2164.934,"body":"Alone in my longing"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2165.73,"endTime":2170.73,"body":"Lolay, lolay, lolay, lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2171.843,"endTime":2175.593,"body":"My dear mother, sing lolay"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2182.096,"endTime":2183.096,"body":"- Thank you."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2188.06,"endTime":2188.9,"body":"As we've heard,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2188.9,"endTime":2191.8,"body":"the original tune of \"O"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2188.9,"endTime":2191.8,"body":"Little Town of Bethlehem\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2191.8,"endTime":2195.053,"body":"was apparently dictated"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2191.8,"endTime":2195.053,"body":"by angels to Lewis Redner."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2195.91,"endTime":2198.19,"body":"A running thread through Christmas carols"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2198.19,"endTime":2200.39,"body":"is the angel's refrain,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2200.39,"endTime":2204.717,"body":"as it appears in the second"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2200.39,"endTime":2204.717,"body":"chapter of St. Luke's Gospel,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2204.717,"endTime":2206.587,"body":"\"And suddenly, there was with the angel"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2206.587,"endTime":2208.127,"body":"\"a multitude of the heavenly host"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2208.127,"endTime":2209.687,"body":"\"praising God, and saying,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2209.687,"endTime":2211.78,"body":"\"'Glory to God in the highest,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2211.78,"endTime":2213.213,"body":"\"'and on Earth, peace,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2213.213,"endTime":2215.86,"body":"\"'goodwill to all men.'\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2215.86,"endTime":2217.4,"body":"If you recognize those words,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2217.4,"endTime":2220.5,"body":"it may promote nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2217.4,"endTime":2220.5,"body":"for Handel's \"Messiah\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2220.5,"endTime":2221.333,"body":"in the first place,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2221.333,"endTime":2222.75,"body":"it may promote nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2222.75,"endTime":2225.99,"body":"for the King James Version of the Bible,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2225.99,"endTime":2226.97,"body":"but what it does tell us"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2226.97,"endTime":2228.37,"body":"is that the angel's refrain,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2228.37,"endTime":2231.36,"body":"the earliest Christmas carol, if you will,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2231.36,"endTime":2233.467,"body":"is, \"Glory to God in the highest,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2233.467,"endTime":2234.397,"body":"\"and on Earth, peace,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2234.397,"endTime":2235.66,"body":"\"goodwill to all,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2235.66,"endTime":2237.817,"body":"or in Latin, \"Gloria in excelsis Deo,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2237.817,"endTime":2240.987,"body":"\"et in terra pax hominibus"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2237.817,"endTime":2240.987,"body":"bonae voluntatis.\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2243.22,"endTime":2246.523,"body":"And I've just made a list"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2243.22,"endTime":2246.523,"body":"of just a very few carols"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2247.4,"endTime":2252.05,"body":"that involve that angel's"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2247.4,"endTime":2252.05,"body":"refrain in some way."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2252.05,"endTime":2253.023,"body":"so in other words,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2255.077,"endTime":2257.767,"body":"\"Angels from the Realms of Glory,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2257.767,"endTime":2260.373,"body":"the refrain there is"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2257.767,"endTime":2260.373,"body":"\"Gloria in excelsis Deo,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2260.373,"endTime":2262.23,"body":"\"Ding Dong Merrily on High,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2262.23,"endTime":2265.517,"body":"the refrain there is \"Gloria"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2262.23,"endTime":2265.517,"body":"hosanna in excelsis,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2265.517,"endTime":2267.49,"body":"\"A Great and Mighty"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2265.517,"endTime":2267.49,"body":"Wonder,\" at the top there,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2267.49,"endTime":2271.617,"body":"that's \"To God on high be glory,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2267.49,"endTime":2271.617,"body":"and peace on Earth to men,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2271.617,"endTime":2274.02,"body":"\"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2274.02,"endTime":2277.697,"body":"the refrain there is \"Glory"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2274.02,"endTime":2277.697,"body":"to the newborn king,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2277.697,"endTime":2280.117,"body":"\"The Sussex Carol\" ends,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2280.117,"endTime":2281.797,"body":"\"Glory to God and peace to men"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2281.797,"endTime":2284.757,"body":"\"now and forevermore, amen,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2284.757,"endTime":2286.79,"body":"\"While Shepherds Watched,\" as we've heard,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2286.79,"endTime":2289.167,"body":"ends, \"All glory be to God on high"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2289.167,"endTime":2291.687,"body":"\"and to the Earth be"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2289.167,"endTime":2291.687,"body":"peace, goodwill henceforth"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2291.687,"endTime":2293.127,"body":"\"from Heaven to men"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2293.127,"endTime":2295.53,"body":"\"begin and never cease.\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2295.53,"endTime":2300.43,"body":"And the one I've left out is"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2295.53,"endTime":2300.43,"body":"\"See Amid the Winter's Snow,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2300.43,"endTime":2302.69,"body":"and this is very important to us"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2302.69,"endTime":2305.25,"body":"because its composer, John Goss,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2305.25,"endTime":2307.87,"body":"was director of music"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2305.25,"endTime":2307.87,"body":"at St. Luke's, Chelsea"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2307.87,"endTime":2310.04,"body":"in the 1820s and the 1830s."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2310.04,"endTime":2314.17,"body":"Indeed, he was our"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2310.04,"endTime":2314.17,"body":"first director of music."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2314.17,"endTime":2316.09,"body":"The angel refrain here,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2316.09,"endTime":2319.74,"body":"in his wonderful carol \"See"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2316.09,"endTime":2319.74,"body":"Amid the Winter's Snow,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2319.74,"endTime":2321.997,"body":"is simply \"Peace on Earth.\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2329.296,"endTime":2334.296,"body":"Say, ye hold shepherds say"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2335.196,"endTime":2340.196,"body":"What your joyful news today"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2341.385,"endTime":2346.385,"body":"Wherefore have ye left your sheep"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2347.509,"endTime":2352.509,"body":"On the lonely mountain steep"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2353.929,"endTime":2358.929,"body":"Hail thou ever-blessed morn"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2360.094,"endTime":2365.094,"body":"Hail redemption's happy dawn"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2365.998,"endTime":2370.998,"body":"Sing through all Jerusalem"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2372.357,"endTime":2377.357,"body":"Christ is born in Bethlehem"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2380.972,"endTime":2385.972,"body":"As we watched at dead of night"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2387.33,"endTime":2392.33,"body":"Lo, we saw a wondrous light"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2394.077,"endTime":2399.077,"body":"Angels singing peace on Earth"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2401.025,"endTime":2406.025,"body":"Told us of the savior's birth"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2407.701,"endTime":2412.701,"body":"Hail thou ever-blessed morn"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2414.06,"endTime":2419.06,"body":"Hail redemption's happy dawn"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2420.318,"endTime":2425.318,"body":"Sing through all Jerusalem"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2426.788,"endTime":2430.621,"body":"Christ is born in Bethlehem"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2438.31,"endTime":2439.143,"body":"- As I say,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2439.143,"endTime":2440.49,"body":"obviously a nostalgic carol for us"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2440.49,"endTime":2441.74,"body":"because it was written by"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2442.9,"endTime":2446.06,"body":"what I grandly like to"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2442.9,"endTime":2446.06,"body":"think of as my predecessor,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2446.06,"endTime":2446.95,"body":"I wouldn't put it like that,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2446.95,"endTime":2448.07,"body":"but the first director of music"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2448.07,"endTime":2449.57,"body":"at St. Luke's, Chelsea anyway."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2450.85,"endTime":2453.71,"body":"And anything that has"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2450.85,"endTime":2453.71,"body":"the angel's refrain in it"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2453.71,"endTime":2456.29,"body":"clearly has some nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2453.71,"endTime":2456.29,"body":"associated with it"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2456.29,"endTime":2458.99,"body":"because it refers to"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2456.29,"endTime":2458.99,"body":"that very same Christmas,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2458.99,"endTime":2463.07,"body":"the angels singing that"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2458.99,"endTime":2463.07,"body":"very first Christmas carol."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2463.07,"endTime":2465.22,"body":"Also associated with nostalgia, I think,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2465.22,"endTime":2467.59,"body":"is the whole folk tradition,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2467.59,"endTime":2469.78,"body":"and there are many folk carols"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2469.78,"endTime":2474.49,"body":"that have been chosen for"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2469.78,"endTime":2474.49,"body":"use as Christmas carols."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2474.49,"endTime":2475.953,"body":"Here's one that you'll know."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2478.677,"endTime":2481.63,"body":"\"What child is this,\" are the words,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2481.63,"endTime":2484.04,"body":"the words by William Chatterton Dix,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2484.04,"endTime":2486.13,"body":"who wrote them in 1865,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2486.13,"endTime":2489.04,"body":"set to the tune \"Greensleeves,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2489.04,"endTime":2492.74,"body":"here applied by John Stainer in 1867."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2492.74,"endTime":2496.13,"body":"The tune \"Greensleeves\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2492.74,"endTime":2496.13,"body":"was first published in 1580"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2496.13,"endTime":2498.69,"body":"as a single tune,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2498.69,"endTime":2500.373,"body":"no copy survives."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2501.62,"endTime":2503.42,"body":"I've put here, from the First Folio,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2505.251,"endTime":2507.54,"body":"an interesting reference in 1597"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2507.54,"endTime":2510.49,"body":"in Shakespeare's \"The"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2507.54,"endTime":2510.49,"body":"Merry Wives of Windsor,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2510.49,"endTime":2511.927,"body":"Act V, Scene V,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2511.927,"endTime":2515.28,"body":"\"Let the sky thunder to the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2511.927,"endTime":2515.28,"body":"tune of \"Greensleeves.\"\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2515.28,"endTime":2516.63,"body":"So at that point,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2516.63,"endTime":2517.827,"body":"at the end of the 16th century,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2517.827,"endTime":2521.01,"body":"\"Greensleeves\" seemed to have"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2517.827,"endTime":2521.01,"body":"been a very vigorous tune,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2522.256,"endTime":2523.71,"body":"a vigorous dance indeed."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2523.71,"endTime":2526.3,"body":"Certainly by the time it's"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2523.71,"endTime":2526.3,"body":"come to the 19th century,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2526.3,"endTime":2527.69,"body":"and Stainer gets his hands on it,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2527.69,"endTime":2529.28,"body":"and applies it to these words,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2529.28,"endTime":2532.167,"body":"clearly, it's become a slow ballad."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2539.408,"endTime":2544.408,"body":"What child is this who, laid to rest"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2545.151,"endTime":2550.151,"body":"On Mary's lap is sleeping"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2551.479,"endTime":2556.479,"body":"Whom angels greet with anthems sweet"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2557.626,"endTime":2562.626,"body":"While shepherds, watch are keeping"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2564.622,"endTime":2569.622,"body":"This, this is Christ the King"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2570.496,"endTime":2575.496,"body":"Whom shepherds guard and angels sing"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2577.781,"endTime":2582.781,"body":"Haste, haste to bring him laud"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2583.551,"endTime":2587.218,"body":"The babe, the son of Mary"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2596.98,"endTime":2598.47,"body":"- Full marks to John Stainer"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2598.47,"endTime":2602.21,"body":"for putting those words to"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2598.47,"endTime":2602.21,"body":"that beautiful folk song."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2602.21,"endTime":2604.763,"body":"Again, built-in nostalgia."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2606.06,"endTime":2607.41,"body":"We can also have nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2607.41,"endTime":2611.64,"body":"for something with a nice story behind it,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2611.64,"endTime":2616.22,"body":"and the story of the boar's"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2611.64,"endTime":2616.22,"body":"head is a good story."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2616.22,"endTime":2620.29,"body":"A 15th century student in Oxford"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2620.29,"endTime":2622.09,"body":"was approached by a wild boar"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2622.09,"endTime":2623.3,"body":"on the outskirts of Oxford,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2623.3,"endTime":2626.63,"body":"kills it by shoving a"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2623.3,"endTime":2626.63,"body":"book down its gullet,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2626.63,"endTime":2629.76,"body":"and takes it back to Queen's College,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2629.76,"endTime":2631.69,"body":"having attended mass,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2631.69,"endTime":2634.34,"body":"before getting it roasted"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2631.69,"endTime":2634.34,"body":"for all the college to eat."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2635.18,"endTime":2637.83,"body":"I conducted the music at"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2635.18,"endTime":2637.83,"body":"Queen's College eight years ago"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2637.83,"endTime":2639.54,"body":"for the Boar's Head Ceremony,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2639.54,"endTime":2642.25,"body":"and I feel annual nostalgia for the event."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2642.25,"endTime":2644.69,"body":"In fact, there's definitely"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2642.25,"endTime":2644.69,"body":"at least one other here"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2644.69,"endTime":2646.45,"body":"that would have been"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2644.69,"endTime":2646.45,"body":"involved at that time,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2646.45,"endTime":2648.38,"body":"yes indeed, Ethan was,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2648.38,"endTime":2650.34,"body":"and I expect you do as well,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2650.34,"endTime":2652.44,"body":"annual nostalgia for the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2650.34,"endTime":2652.44,"body":"Boar's Head Ceremony,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2652.44,"endTime":2654.123,"body":"it's an extraordinary thing."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2656.953,"endTime":2658.58,"body":"Here are some words"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2658.58,"endTime":2660.01,"body":"that survive from way after the event,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2660.01,"endTime":2663.28,"body":"but this is from 1521,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2663.28,"endTime":2664.5,"body":"it doesn't have the music with it,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2664.5,"endTime":2667.53,"body":"and it's just the last page"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2667.53,"endTime":2668.72,"body":"that survives of a carol book,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2668.72,"endTime":2670.07,"body":"so it's tantalizing,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2670.07,"endTime":2673.137,"body":"but at least we've got the date, 1521."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2673.137,"endTime":2674.497,"body":"\"Caput apri defero,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2674.497,"endTime":2676.217,"body":"\"reddens laudes Domino,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2676.217,"endTime":2677.907,"body":"\"the head of a board I bring,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2677.907,"endTime":2679.53,"body":"\"giving praises to the Lord.\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2679.53,"endTime":2680.65,"body":"Again, you've got the nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2680.65,"endTime":2683.0,"body":"associated with the language of Latin,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2683.0,"endTime":2684.68,"body":"and the Greek book"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2684.68,"endTime":2687.43,"body":"that the student shoved in"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2684.68,"endTime":2687.43,"body":"the throat of the wild boar."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2689.2,"endTime":2690.59,"body":"The refrain,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2690.59,"endTime":2692.387,"body":"you'll see some other Latin there,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2692.387,"endTime":2694.477,"body":"\"Qui estis in convivio,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2694.477,"endTime":2696.027,"body":"\"you who are in the feast,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2696.027,"endTime":2697.587,"body":"\"servite cum cantico,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2697.587,"endTime":2699.48,"body":"\"serve with a song.\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2699.48,"endTime":2701.47,"body":"We'll sing you this,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2701.47,"endTime":2703.19,"body":"and I make an apology in advance,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2703.19,"endTime":2706.48,"body":"the fact is, the words"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2703.19,"endTime":2706.48,"body":"don't fit terribly well."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2706.48,"endTime":2707.5,"body":"As it goes on,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2707.5,"endTime":2708.4,"body":"the first verse is all right,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2708.4,"endTime":2709.53,"body":"but as the second and third,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2709.53,"endTime":2710.62,"body":"the third verse in particular,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2710.62,"endTime":2713.49,"body":"so if we don't appear quite"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2710.62,"endTime":2713.49,"body":"to know what we're doing,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2713.49,"endTime":2715.49,"body":"shall we blame it on the poetry,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2715.49,"endTime":2719.234,"body":"and not on any ability of"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2715.49,"endTime":2719.234,"body":"the basses, shall we say?"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2719.234,"endTime":2720.42,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2720.42,"endTime":2724.393,"body":"Anyway, here is \"The Boar's Head Carol.\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2728.625,"endTime":2731.644,"body":"Caput apri defero"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2731.644,"endTime":2734.591,"body":"Reddens laudes Domino"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2734.591,"endTime":2737.76,"body":"The boar's head in hand bring I"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2737.76,"endTime":2740.695,"body":"With garlands gay and rosemary"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2740.695,"endTime":2743.995,"body":"I pray you all sing merrily"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2743.995,"endTime":2747.217,"body":"Qui estis in convivio"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2747.217,"endTime":2750.497,"body":"Caput apri defero"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2750.497,"endTime":2753.463,"body":"Reddens laudes Domino"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2753.463,"endTime":2756.584,"body":"The boar's head, I understand"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2756.584,"endTime":2759.762,"body":"Is the chief service in this land"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2759.762,"endTime":2762.748,"body":"Look wherever it be found"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2762.748,"endTime":2765.837,"body":"Servite cum cantico"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2765.837,"endTime":2768.984,"body":"Caput apri defero"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2768.984,"endTime":2771.882,"body":"Reddens laudes Domino"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2771.882,"endTime":2775.072,"body":"Be glad, lords, both more and less"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2775.072,"endTime":2777.856,"body":"For this hath ordained our steward"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2777.856,"endTime":2780.811,"body":"To cheer you all this Christmas"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2780.811,"endTime":2784.082,"body":"The boar's head with mustard"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2784.082,"endTime":2787.243,"body":"Caput apri defero"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2787.243,"endTime":2790.576,"body":"Reddens laudes Domino"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2793.59,"endTime":2795.033,"body":"- Good effort, well done."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2795.033,"endTime":2798.597,"body":"(audience laughs)"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2798.597,"endTime":2799.95,"body":"To close,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2799.95,"endTime":2802.64,"body":"the term nostalgia,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2802.64,"endTime":2805.13,"body":"as I said in the lecture"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2805.13,"endTime":2807.39,"body":"about music and nostalgia in general,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2807.39,"endTime":2810.57,"body":"was coined to describe the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2807.39,"endTime":2810.57,"body":"feeling of homesickness"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2810.57,"endTime":2814.87,"body":"experienced by 17th"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2810.57,"endTime":2814.87,"body":"century Swiss mercenaries,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2814.87,"endTime":2817.1,"body":"and the nostalgia in their case"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2817.1,"endTime":2819.88,"body":"was often brought on by simple things"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2819.88,"endTime":2824.88,"body":"like the passing of the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2819.88,"endTime":2824.88,"body":"seasons, e.g. Christmas,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2824.95,"endTime":2827.47,"body":"and we may experience it"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2824.95,"endTime":2827.47,"body":"from all the Christmas music,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2827.47,"endTime":2828.7,"body":"but also things,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2828.7,"endTime":2831.56,"body":"I certainly do experience"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2828.7,"endTime":2831.56,"body":"nostalgia, for instance,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2831.56,"endTime":2835.17,"body":"for the BBC Television Christmas idents."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2835.17,"endTime":2837.26,"body":"20 years ago, the red and orange balloon,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2837.26,"endTime":2838.093,"body":"remember that?"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2838.093,"endTime":2841.42,"body":"My favorite, the skating penguins of 2007,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2841.42,"endTime":2844.81,"body":"or the frankly bizarre sprout boy of 2015,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2844.81,"endTime":2846.61,"body":"all these things, rightly or wrongly,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2846.61,"endTime":2848.6,"body":"promote nostalgia."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2848.6,"endTime":2850.1,"body":"Folk carols, as we've heard there"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2850.1,"endTime":2853.64,"body":"in the wonderful application"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2850.1,"endTime":2853.64,"body":"of \"Greensleeves\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2853.64,"endTime":2854.74,"body":"to \"What Child Is This,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2854.74,"endTime":2857.5,"body":"folk carols, with their heritage,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2857.5,"endTime":2859.21,"body":"promote nostalgia at all."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2859.21,"endTime":2861.54,"body":"Carol services, carol concerts,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2861.54,"endTime":2864.22,"body":"with their frequent references"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2861.54,"endTime":2864.22,"body":"to the Victoria era,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2864.22,"endTime":2866.47,"body":"with its snow and its mistletoe,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2866.47,"endTime":2867.82,"body":"carol services, carol concerts"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2867.82,"endTime":2870.21,"body":"are full of nostalgia by design."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2870.21,"endTime":2872.11,"body":"West gallery tunes,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2872.11,"endTime":2873.95,"body":"taking us back to the west gallery singers"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2873.95,"endTime":2877.32,"body":"of Thomas Hardy's second novel"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2873.95,"endTime":2877.32,"body":"\"Under the Greenwood Tree.\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2877.32,"endTime":2878.57,"body":"Nostalgia,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2878.57,"endTime":2881.78,"body":"or as it's called in the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2878.57,"endTime":2881.78,"body":"social sciences, atavism,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2881.78,"endTime":2883.38,"body":"the tendency of modern people"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2883.38,"endTime":2887.0,"body":"to revert to the thinking"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2883.38,"endTime":2887.0,"body":"and acting of a former time,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2887.0,"endTime":2888.81,"body":"Christmas carols do that very well."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2888.81,"endTime":2889.88,"body":"Proto-nostalgia,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2889.88,"endTime":2892.47,"body":"nostalgia for a time"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2889.88,"endTime":2892.47,"body":"you were never alive in,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2892.47,"endTime":2893.56,"body":"one gets that"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2893.56,"endTime":2896.21,"body":"almost with every carol"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2893.56,"endTime":2896.21,"body":"referring to Bethlehem."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2896.21,"endTime":2899.5,"body":"Geographical nostalgia, Bethlehem,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2899.5,"endTime":2901.81,"body":"five us, certainly, here tonight"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2901.81,"endTime":2903.43,"body":"took a trip to Palestine,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2903.43,"endTime":2905.56,"body":"sang in the West Bank, all around it,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2905.56,"endTime":2907.11,"body":"and were there in Bethlehem."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2907.11,"endTime":2908.49,"body":"And Helly and I took our daughter,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2908.49,"endTime":2910.25,"body":"who was eight months-old at the time,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2910.25,"endTime":2911.8,"body":"now that's meta-nostalgia,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2911.8,"endTime":2914.4,"body":"we took a baby, our baby to Bethlehem,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2914.4,"endTime":2917.04,"body":"we took a baby to Bethlehem, baby-central,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2917.04,"endTime":2920.01,"body":"that is meta-nostalgia."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2920.01,"endTime":2923.77,"body":"And gastronomic nostalgia,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2923.77,"endTime":2925.8,"body":"the famous example of"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2923.77,"endTime":2925.8,"body":"that being Marcel Proust,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2925.8,"endTime":2926.83,"body":"who eats a bit of cake,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2926.83,"endTime":2930.11,"body":"sparks off 3,000 pages of nostalgia."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2930.11,"endTime":2933.46,"body":"I had a proto-gastronomic"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2930.11,"endTime":2933.46,"body":"Christmas nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2933.46,"endTime":2934.74,"body":"in the early 1990s,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit 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is","startTime":2947.6,"endTime":2949.77,"body":"allowed to eat swine,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2949.77,"endTime":2953.11,"body":"so he forbade the eating"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2949.77,"endTime":2953.11,"body":"of swine for Christmas,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2953.11,"endTime":2954.35,"body":"so we lost the wild boar,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2954.35,"endTime":2956.68,"body":"and eventually took the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2954.35,"endTime":2956.68,"body":"turkey from New England,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2956.68,"endTime":2961.68,"body":"but I had a proto-gastronomic"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2956.68,"endTime":2961.68,"body":"Christmas in the early '90s."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2962.85,"endTime":2965.823,"body":"Or we might have nostalgia"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2962.85,"endTime":2965.823,"body":"for the Latin language."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2966.76,"endTime":2968.21,"body":"Several times over the years,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2968.21,"endTime":2971.15,"body":"I've been asked by members"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2968.21,"endTime":2971.15,"body":"of various congregations"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2971.15,"endTime":2973.01,"body":"if they can sing some carols"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2973.01,"endTime":2975.027,"body":"with the original Latin words,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2975.027,"endTime":2977.0,"body":"\"Puer nobis nascitur,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2977.0,"endTime":2978.747,"body":"rather than, \"Unto us, a boy is born,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2978.747,"endTime":2981.917,"body":"\"Adeste fideles,\" instead"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2978.747,"endTime":2981.917,"body":"of \"O come all ye faithful,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2981.917,"endTime":2983.907,"body":"\"Personent hodie,\" instead of,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2983.907,"endTime":2985.61,"body":"\"On this day, Earth shall ring,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2985.61,"endTime":2987.917,"body":"\"Quem pastores,\" instead of,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2987.917,"endTime":2990.19,"body":"\"While their flocks the shepherds tended,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2990.19,"endTime":2992.9,"body":"and occasionally I have"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2990.19,"endTime":2992.9,"body":"asked congregations"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2992.9,"endTime":2994.26,"body":"to sing in Latin."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2994.26,"endTime":2995.83,"body":"With some, it goes down very well"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2995.83,"endTime":2999.23,"body":"as a nostalgic remembrance"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2995.83,"endTime":2999.23,"body":"of learning Latin,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":2999.23,"endTime":3000.613,"body":"with others, not so much."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3001.48,"endTime":3003.75,"body":"One of the best-loved"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3001.48,"endTime":3003.75,"body":"of all carol collections"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3003.75,"endTime":3005.56,"body":"is entirely in Latin,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3005.56,"endTime":3008.5,"body":"and we'll finish with"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3005.56,"endTime":3008.5,"body":"an extract from that."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3008.5,"endTime":3012.25,"body":"The \"Piae Cantiones\" is a"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3008.5,"endTime":3012.25,"body":"retrospective collection"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3012.25,"endTime":3015.02,"body":"designed for use by schoolchildren."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3015.02,"endTime":3018.92,"body":"It was compiled in 1582"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3015.02,"endTime":3018.92,"body":"by Jaakko Suomalainen,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3018.92,"endTime":3021.88,"body":"James the Finn, or Jim the Finn."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3021.88,"endTime":3023.92,"body":"He was headmaster of the cathedral school"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3023.92,"endTime":3026.45,"body":"at Turku, in Finland."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3026.45,"endTime":3028.01,"body":"And as we saw right at the beginning"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3028.01,"endTime":3029.22,"body":"with \"Once in Royal,\""},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3029.22,"endTime":3031.05,"body":"Mrs. Alexander's wonderful verses,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3031.05,"endTime":3034.64,"body":"child material is great"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3031.05,"endTime":3034.64,"body":"for promoting nostalgia,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3034.64,"endTime":3036.45,"body":"and this is child material"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3036.45,"endTime":3041.27,"body":"that was compiled in 1582"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3036.45,"endTime":3041.27,"body":"by Jaakko Suomalainen,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3041.27,"endTime":3043.593,"body":"a headmaster of a cathedral school."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit 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bit is","startTime":3059.72,"endTime":3061.56,"body":"Referring back to the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3059.72,"endTime":3061.56,"body":"lecture in September,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3061.56,"endTime":3065.01,"body":"if you were a girl of 13 in 1973,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3065.01,"endTime":3067.99,"body":"or a boy of 14 in 1973,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3067.99,"endTime":3070.41,"body":"that's bang in the middle"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3067.99,"endTime":3070.41,"body":"of your reminiscence bump."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3070.41,"endTime":3071.54,"body":"I'm fairly close to it,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3071.54,"endTime":3072.93,"body":"and whether I like it or not,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3072.93,"endTime":3074.48,"body":"I have nostalgia for this carol,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3074.48,"endTime":3077.56,"body":"not particularly for the"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3074.48,"endTime":3077.56,"body":"16th century version of it,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3077.56,"endTime":3078.82,"body":"which I should do,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3078.82,"endTime":3080.67,"body":"but for the Steeleye Span version,"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3080.67,"endTime":3082.787,"body":"which hit the charts in the 1970s."},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3089.054,"endTime":3091.906,"body":"Gaudete, gaudete"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3091.906,"endTime":3096.906,"body":"Christus est natus ex"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3091.906,"endTime":3096.906,"body":"Maria virgine, gaudete"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3099.781,"endTime":3101.914,"body":"Tempus adest gratiae"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3101.914,"endTime":3104.088,"body":"Hoc quod optabamus"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3104.088,"endTime":3106.199,"body":"Carmina laetitiae"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3106.199,"endTime":3108.445,"body":"Devote reddamus"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3108.445,"endTime":3111.179,"body":"Gaudete, gaudete"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3111.179,"endTime":3116.179,"body":"Christus est natus ex"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3111.179,"endTime":3116.179,"body":"Maria virgine, gaudete"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3119.042,"endTime":3121.175,"body":"Deus homo factus est"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3121.175,"endTime":3123.41,"body":"Natura mirante"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3123.41,"endTime":3125.49,"body":"Mundus renovatus est"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3125.49,"endTime":3127.758,"body":"A Christo regnante"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3127.758,"endTime":3130.396,"body":"Gaudete, gaudete"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3130.396,"endTime":3135.396,"body":"Christus est natus ex"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3130.396,"endTime":3135.396,"body":"Maria virgine, gaudete"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3138.108,"endTime":3140.211,"body":"Ezechielis porta"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3140.211,"endTime":3142.395,"body":"Clausa pertransitur"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3142.395,"endTime":3144.63,"body":"Unde lux est orta"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3144.63,"endTime":3146.844,"body":"Salus invenitur"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit is","startTime":3146.844,"endTime":3149.506,"body":"Gaudete, gaudete"},{"speaker":"And then the next bit 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