{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.1,"endTime":3.48,"body":"- Hello, and welcome to this next lecture"},{"startTime":3.48,"endTime":6.15,"body":"in the series on sex."},{"startTime":6.15,"endTime":8.53,"body":"I just want to start"},{"startTime":6.15,"endTime":8.53,"body":"by saying how sad I am"},{"startTime":8.53,"endTime":10.81,"body":"that I can't be there with you physically"},{"startTime":10.81,"endTime":13.62,"body":"like I was for the last"},{"startTime":10.81,"endTime":13.62,"body":"Gresham lecture of the series."},{"startTime":13.62,"endTime":14.94,"body":"We all know the reason."},{"startTime":14.94,"endTime":16.4,"body":"COVID is rampant"},{"startTime":16.4,"endTime":19.04,"body":"and it's not safe for any of us really"},{"startTime":19.04,"endTime":21.02,"body":"to mingle in large numbers."},{"startTime":21.02,"endTime":21.88,"body":"Many apologies."},{"startTime":21.88,"endTime":24.3,"body":"Let's just hope that in"},{"startTime":21.88,"endTime":24.3,"body":"the future we will be able"},{"startTime":24.3,"endTime":26.453,"body":"to do this again face-to-face."},{"startTime":28.82,"endTime":30.79,"body":"Welcome though to this lecture."},{"startTime":30.79,"endTime":33.77,"body":"As you know, I am the"},{"startTime":30.79,"endTime":33.77,"body":"Gresham Professor of Rhetoric"},{"startTime":33.77,"endTime":36.39,"body":"and also Professor of History at Birkbeck,"},{"startTime":36.39,"endTime":37.97,"body":"part of the University of London."},{"startTime":37.97,"endTime":42.87,"body":"And this is the third in"},{"startTime":37.97,"endTime":42.87,"body":"a series of six talks,"},{"startTime":42.87,"endTime":47.15,"body":"really around the area of"},{"startTime":42.87,"endTime":47.15,"body":"\"Sex: A Modern History.\""},{"startTime":47.15,"endTime":49.52,"body":"You can also check out"},{"startTime":47.15,"endTime":49.52,"body":"other lecture series of mine"},{"startTime":49.52,"endTime":50.73,"body":"on the Gresham website."},{"startTime":50.73,"endTime":52.9,"body":"I did a series on the body, for example,"},{"startTime":52.9,"endTime":55.32,"body":"and another series on evil women,"},{"startTime":55.32,"endTime":56.87,"body":"which if you're interested"},{"startTime":55.32,"endTime":56.87,"body":"in this lecture,"},{"startTime":56.87,"endTime":59.44,"body":"you might be interested in them as well."},{"startTime":59.44,"endTime":62.02,"body":"And of course, this lecture"},{"startTime":59.44,"endTime":62.02,"body":"as well will eventually go up"},{"startTime":62.02,"endTime":65.85,"body":"on their website, so you can"},{"startTime":62.02,"endTime":65.85,"body":"watch it again, if you so wish."},{"startTime":65.85,"endTime":68.677,"body":"Another little introductory message,"},{"startTime":68.677,"endTime":72.5,"body":"and that is to say that"},{"startTime":68.677,"endTime":72.5,"body":"obviously all of my lectures"},{"startTime":72.5,"endTime":74.91,"body":"involve us thinking"},{"startTime":72.5,"endTime":74.91,"body":"together about sensitive"},{"startTime":74.91,"endTime":77.98,"body":"and rather difficult"},{"startTime":74.91,"endTime":77.98,"body":"issues relating to sex,"},{"startTime":77.98,"endTime":79.52,"body":"relating to violence,"},{"startTime":79.52,"endTime":83.68,"body":"relating to what are"},{"startTime":79.52,"endTime":83.68,"body":"often disruptive desires."},{"startTime":83.68,"endTime":86.08,"body":"Please exercise caution when reading"},{"startTime":86.08,"endTime":87.54,"body":"or listening to my research."},{"startTime":87.54,"endTime":90.81,"body":"I don't include any graphic descriptions,"},{"startTime":90.81,"endTime":93.39,"body":"but I do discuss genitals"},{"startTime":93.39,"endTime":98.39,"body":"and of course, sexual pleasure and pain."},{"startTime":98.4,"endTime":100.1,"body":"I also engage with arguments"},{"startTime":100.1,"endTime":103.32,"body":"around sexually explicit"},{"startTime":100.1,"endTime":103.32,"body":"literature and images,"},{"startTime":103.32,"endTime":105.23,"body":"obscenity and misogyny."},{"startTime":105.23,"endTime":107.23,"body":"I mean, knowing our history,"},{"startTime":107.23,"endTime":112.23,"body":"I believe helps unmake harmful"},{"startTime":107.23,"endTime":112.23,"body":"and traumatic practices."},{"startTime":112.88,"endTime":115.29,"body":"But let's start this lecture,"},{"startTime":115.29,"endTime":118.78,"body":"which as you know, is on pornography."},{"startTime":118.78,"endTime":120.34,"body":"I want to start with three quotes."},{"startTime":120.34,"endTime":123.53,"body":"1972, Linda Lovelace,"},{"startTime":123.53,"endTime":126.39,"body":"she's of course, a pornographic actress,"},{"startTime":126.39,"endTime":129.69,"body":"said, \"Pornographers treated me"},{"startTime":129.69,"endTime":132.72,"body":"as if I were a piece of meat.\""},{"startTime":132.72,"endTime":135.597,"body":"1977, Robin Morgan, a feminist,"},{"startTime":135.597,"endTime":140.2,"body":"\"Pornography is the"},{"startTime":135.597,"endTime":140.2,"body":"theory, rape the practice.\""},{"startTime":140.2,"endTime":144.657,"body":"2021, Billie Eilish, singer-songwriter,"},{"startTime":144.657,"endTime":149.657,"body":"\"I think pornography"},{"startTime":144.657,"endTime":149.657,"body":"really destroyed my brain.\""},{"startTime":150.55,"endTime":153.63,"body":"Well, we all know pornography is divisive."},{"startTime":153.63,"endTime":156.47,"body":"It's guaranteed to incite heated debates"},{"startTime":156.47,"endTime":160.82,"body":"between people inhabiting"},{"startTime":156.47,"endTime":160.82,"body":"different subject positions"},{"startTime":160.82,"endTime":164.99,"body":"based on our shifting"},{"startTime":160.82,"endTime":164.99,"body":"intersections of sex, gender, race,"},{"startTime":164.99,"endTime":169.36,"body":"ethnicity, age, generation,"},{"startTime":164.99,"endTime":169.36,"body":"disability, and so on and so on."},{"startTime":169.36,"endTime":172.14,"body":"You can all add your descriptors there."},{"startTime":172.14,"endTime":177.14,"body":"Is pornography objectifying,"},{"startTime":172.14,"endTime":177.14,"body":"or is it liberating?"},{"startTime":177.98,"endTime":181.97,"body":"Will pornographic experimentation"},{"startTime":177.98,"endTime":181.97,"body":"drive couples apart,"},{"startTime":181.97,"endTime":186.41,"body":"or would it reignite"},{"startTime":181.97,"endTime":186.41,"body":"passionless relationships?"},{"startTime":186.41,"endTime":190.23,"body":"Does it bolster misogynist"},{"startTime":186.41,"endTime":190.23,"body":"values and practices,"},{"startTime":190.23,"endTime":194.31,"body":"or destabilize hegemonic masculinity,"},{"startTime":194.31,"endTime":199.31,"body":"creating spaces for critiques"},{"startTime":194.31,"endTime":199.31,"body":"of the oppression of women?"},{"startTime":199.31,"endTime":203.8,"body":"Can it provide creative ways"},{"startTime":199.31,"endTime":203.8,"body":"of re-imagining the self"},{"startTime":203.8,"endTime":206.03,"body":"in relation to others?"},{"startTime":206.03,"endTime":208.96,"body":"Does it have a potential to generate safe"},{"startTime":208.96,"endTime":213.35,"body":"and sustaining communities"},{"startTime":208.96,"endTime":213.35,"body":"for LGBTQI people"},{"startTime":213.35,"endTime":215.37,"body":"and other minorities?"},{"startTime":215.37,"endTime":218.61,"body":"Well, these are all urgent questions."},{"startTime":218.61,"endTime":221.1,"body":"And today's talk, I want to explore"},{"startTime":221.1,"endTime":225.2,"body":"just a few of those issues"},{"startTime":221.1,"endTime":225.2,"body":"from a historical perspective."},{"startTime":225.2,"endTime":227.45,"body":"My fundamental premise, I think,"},{"startTime":227.45,"endTime":231.78,"body":"is that of course, pornography"},{"startTime":227.45,"endTime":231.78,"body":"is a cultural category"},{"startTime":231.78,"endTime":235.94,"body":"that varies over"},{"startTime":231.78,"endTime":235.94,"body":"historical time and place."},{"startTime":235.94,"endTime":238.53,"body":"What this does is it requires us"},{"startTime":238.53,"endTime":242.96,"body":"to reject any universal"},{"startTime":238.53,"endTime":242.96,"body":"characterization of the genre."},{"startTime":242.96,"endTime":246.36,"body":"It's wrong to speak about pornography"},{"startTime":246.36,"endTime":250.58,"body":"as a homogenous entity,"},{"startTime":246.36,"endTime":250.58,"body":"easily recognizable,"},{"startTime":250.58,"endTime":255.08,"body":"despite variations across"},{"startTime":250.58,"endTime":255.08,"body":"time and geographical space."},{"startTime":255.08,"endTime":258.14,"body":"Recent feminist debates about pornography"},{"startTime":258.14,"endTime":263.11,"body":"continue to revolve around"},{"startTime":258.14,"endTime":263.11,"body":"the polarized positions"},{"startTime":263.11,"endTime":266.06,"body":"established during the so-called porn wars"},{"startTime":266.06,"endTime":268.83,"body":"of the 1970s and 1980s,"},{"startTime":268.83,"endTime":270.01,"body":"in which what we have"},{"startTime":270.01,"endTime":273.16,"body":"is we have these"},{"startTime":270.01,"endTime":273.16,"body":"anti-pornography feminists"},{"startTime":273.16,"endTime":276.03,"body":"being pitted against pru pornography,"},{"startTime":276.03,"endTime":280.74,"body":"now commonly referred"},{"startTime":276.03,"endTime":280.74,"body":"to as sex-positive ones."},{"startTime":280.74,"endTime":282.883,"body":"This assumes that had historically,"},{"startTime":282.883,"endTime":287.883,"body":"specific form of pornography"},{"startTime":282.883,"endTime":287.883,"body":"that arose in the 1970s"},{"startTime":288.89,"endTime":292.81,"body":"is the standard by which all"},{"startTime":288.89,"endTime":292.81,"body":"pornography across the ages"},{"startTime":292.81,"endTime":294.64,"body":"should be judged."},{"startTime":294.64,"endTime":298.28,"body":"It assumes that pornography"},{"startTime":294.64,"endTime":298.28,"body":"as it was produced"},{"startTime":298.28,"endTime":302.35,"body":"and consumed in largely"},{"startTime":298.28,"endTime":302.35,"body":"white middle class,"},{"startTime":302.35,"endTime":306.72,"body":"heterosexual America in"},{"startTime":302.35,"endTime":306.72,"body":"the 1970s and the 1980s"},{"startTime":306.72,"endTime":310.66,"body":"with its profoundly misogynist outlook,"},{"startTime":310.66,"endTime":314.73,"body":"is the universal model of the genre."},{"startTime":314.73,"endTime":316.81,"body":"On the contrary, what I"},{"startTime":314.73,"endTime":316.81,"body":"want to do in this talk"},{"startTime":316.81,"endTime":319.7,"body":"is to draw attention to periods of history"},{"startTime":319.7,"endTime":322.44,"body":"and minority genres of smart"},{"startTime":322.44,"endTime":326.08,"body":"that are receptive to a more subversive"},{"startTime":326.08,"endTime":329.163,"body":"and therefore, emancipatory imaginaries."},{"startTime":330.06,"endTime":333.96,"body":"Now, before I'm addressing the"},{"startTime":330.06,"endTime":333.96,"body":"chief arguments of this talk,"},{"startTime":333.96,"endTime":337.46,"body":"I want to briefly just"},{"startTime":333.96,"endTime":337.46,"body":"ask three questions."},{"startTime":337.46,"endTime":338.64,"body":"We'll look at three questions."},{"startTime":338.64,"endTime":340.653,"body":"First, what is pornography?"},{"startTime":341.55,"endTime":344.87,"body":"Second, how does class and race figure"},{"startTime":344.87,"endTime":346.89,"body":"in dominant forms of pornography"},{"startTime":346.89,"endTime":351.89,"body":"as they emerge in 19th and 20th"},{"startTime":346.89,"endTime":351.89,"body":"century Britain and America?"},{"startTime":351.93,"endTime":354.76,"body":"And just apologies here,"},{"startTime":351.93,"endTime":354.76,"body":"I talk of this length,"},{"startTime":354.76,"endTime":358.01,"body":"I can't engage with non Western"},{"startTime":354.76,"endTime":358.01,"body":"traditions of the genre,"},{"startTime":358.01,"endTime":360.68,"body":"but that's something that I"},{"startTime":358.01,"endTime":360.68,"body":"think we all ought to be doing."},{"startTime":360.68,"endTime":364.82,"body":"And third, do pornographic"},{"startTime":360.68,"endTime":364.82,"body":"depictions put any relation"},{"startTime":364.82,"endTime":367.76,"body":"to real sexual practices?"},{"startTime":367.76,"endTime":370.59,"body":"The final half of this"},{"startTime":367.76,"endTime":370.59,"body":"talk wants to explore"},{"startTime":370.59,"endTime":374.78,"body":"two periods of history in which"},{"startTime":370.59,"endTime":374.78,"body":"explicitly political forms"},{"startTime":374.78,"endTime":378.08,"body":"of pornography dominated the field."},{"startTime":378.08,"endTime":381.02,"body":"Of course, all cultural constructions"},{"startTime":381.02,"endTime":383.43,"body":"are inherently political,"},{"startTime":383.43,"endTime":385.31,"body":"but I think what distinguishes"},{"startTime":385.31,"endTime":387.66,"body":"these two genres of pornography"},{"startTime":387.66,"endTime":389.73,"body":"that I want to look at in the second half"},{"startTime":389.73,"endTime":394.64,"body":"is their unequivocal focus"},{"startTime":389.73,"endTime":394.64,"body":"on systemic injustices"},{"startTime":394.64,"endTime":399.64,"body":"sustained by crown, church, and state."},{"startTime":399.88,"endTime":402.86,"body":"So, first, what are people doing"},{"startTime":402.86,"endTime":405.7,"body":"when they label something pornographic?"},{"startTime":405.7,"endTime":409.4,"body":"Definitions tend to"},{"startTime":405.7,"endTime":409.4,"body":"coalesce around the view"},{"startTime":409.4,"endTime":413.38,"body":"that pornography is the"},{"startTime":409.4,"endTime":413.38,"body":"explicit description"},{"startTime":413.38,"endTime":417.06,"body":"or depiction of sexual organs or practices"},{"startTime":417.06,"endTime":421.76,"body":"with the intention of"},{"startTime":417.06,"endTime":421.76,"body":"arousing sexual feelings."},{"startTime":421.76,"endTime":425.79,"body":"Now, there are numerous"},{"startTime":421.76,"endTime":425.79,"body":"reasons to be wary,"},{"startTime":425.79,"endTime":428.96,"body":"in fact, to reject such a definition."},{"startTime":428.96,"endTime":432.93,"body":"For example, was Franois"},{"startTime":428.96,"endTime":432.93,"body":"Boucher intending,"},{"startTime":432.93,"endTime":436.06,"body":"was he intending to arouse his audiences"},{"startTime":436.06,"endTime":440.87,"body":"when he painted \"Leda and"},{"startTime":436.06,"endTime":440.87,"body":"the Swan\" around 1740?"},{"startTime":440.87,"endTime":443.25,"body":"The painting, which you"},{"startTime":440.87,"endTime":443.25,"body":"can see on the image here,"},{"startTime":443.25,"endTime":448.25,"body":"depicts the so-called seduction"},{"startTime":443.25,"endTime":448.25,"body":"of a young woman by a Swan."},{"startTime":448.3,"endTime":452.01,"body":"The woman's vulva and breasts"},{"startTime":448.3,"endTime":452.01,"body":"are clearly on display"},{"startTime":452.01,"endTime":457.01,"body":"and Swan's long phallic neck"},{"startTime":452.01,"endTime":457.01,"body":"is poised to penetrate her."},{"startTime":457.4,"endTime":462.09,"body":"Would the painting be art"},{"startTime":457.4,"endTime":462.09,"body":"when viewed in a gallery"},{"startTime":462.09,"endTime":466.16,"body":"or pornography when tacked"},{"startTime":462.09,"endTime":466.16,"body":"to the wall of a Brotham?"},{"startTime":466.16,"endTime":468.343,"body":"I mean, clearly context matters."},{"startTime":469.51,"endTime":471.52,"body":"Another difficulty faced by anyone"},{"startTime":471.52,"endTime":473.85,"body":"trying to define pornography"},{"startTime":473.85,"endTime":477.47,"body":"arises from its inherent diversity."},{"startTime":477.47,"endTime":481.03,"body":"Commentators tend typically to focus"},{"startTime":481.03,"endTime":484.04,"body":"on commercially produced artifacts."},{"startTime":484.04,"endTime":488.08,"body":"Amateur creations, such as"},{"startTime":484.04,"endTime":488.08,"body":"sexually explicit love letters"},{"startTime":488.08,"endTime":491.11,"body":"exchanged and private between lovers"},{"startTime":491.11,"endTime":494.07,"body":"have tended to be bracketed separately,"},{"startTime":494.07,"endTime":495.44,"body":"even though, of course,"},{"startTime":495.44,"endTime":498.1,"body":"every day, this kind of every-day erotica"},{"startTime":498.1,"endTime":500.973,"body":"is clearly designed to"},{"startTime":498.1,"endTime":500.973,"body":"be sexually arousing."},{"startTime":501.88,"endTime":505.02,"body":"As with its more commercially equivalents,"},{"startTime":505.02,"endTime":508.48,"body":"homemade pornography illuminates political"},{"startTime":508.48,"endTime":511.41,"body":"as well as sexual tensions."},{"startTime":511.41,"endTime":514.147,"body":"This is one of the themes"},{"startTime":511.41,"endTime":514.147,"body":"of Lisa Sigel's book,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":516.21,"endTime":518.79,"body":"A History of Handmade"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":516.21,"endTime":518.79,"body":"Pornography in America,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":518.79,"endTime":520.32,"body":"which came out just last year."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":520.32,"endTime":521.39,"body":"And what this book does,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":521.39,"endTime":522.63,"body":"really interesting book,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":522.63,"endTime":525.59,"body":"is that it traces the way early Americans"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":525.59,"endTime":530.59,"body":"transformed commonplace objects"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":525.59,"endTime":530.59,"body":"into sexually charged ones."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":531.2,"endTime":533.86,"body":"For example, in the US"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":531.2,"endTime":533.86,"body":"during the first half"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":533.86,"endTime":535.35,"body":"of the 19th century,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":535.35,"endTime":538.42,"body":"the eagles that are engraved on coins"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":538.42,"endTime":541.98,"body":"were changed into flying phalluses"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":541.98,"endTime":545.54,"body":"and the 1-cent coins were scratched"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":545.54,"endTime":550.54,"body":"so that the e in cent becomes a u."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":550.71,"endTime":555.1,"body":"The creative labor that went"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":550.71,"endTime":555.1,"body":"into such transformations,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":555.1,"endTime":560.1,"body":"I think reveals the pleasures"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":555.1,"endTime":560.1,"body":"of public vulgarity."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":560.23,"endTime":564.42,"body":"Transformations of coinage"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":560.23,"endTime":564.42,"body":"into pornographic objects"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":564.42,"endTime":568.35,"body":"that can be exchanged"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":564.42,"endTime":568.35,"body":"between people in the note"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":568.35,"endTime":570.42,"body":"bears of course, little resemblance"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":570.42,"endTime":574.029,"body":"to more commercial forms of pornography,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":574.029,"endTime":578.46,"body":"a further indication of the excesses,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":578.46,"endTime":582.35,"body":"as well as the instability of the genre."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":582.35,"endTime":586.05,"body":"Prominent 19th century"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":582.35,"endTime":586.05,"body":"forms of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":586.05,"endTime":591.05,"body":"included such diverse items"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":586.05,"endTime":591.05,"body":"as books, wood-cut prints,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":591.53,"endTime":595.56,"body":"lithographs, engravings,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":591.53,"endTime":595.56,"body":"stereoscopes, mutual scopes,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":595.56,"endTime":598.31,"body":"transparencies, and postcards."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":598.31,"endTime":603.31,"body":"Although prior to the 1880s,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":598.31,"endTime":603.31,"body":"written forms of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":603.69,"endTime":607.1,"body":"were more prominent than visual ones."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":607.1,"endTime":609.88,"body":"Now, these early forms of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":609.88,"endTime":612.63,"body":"were highly class-specific."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":612.63,"endTime":615.4,"body":"They were addressed to white wealthy men."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":615.4,"endTime":617.15,"body":"They often required readers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":617.15,"endTime":619.49,"body":"to understand Latin, Greek, French."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":619.49,"endTime":622.43,"body":"They assumed a sophisticated knowledge"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":622.43,"endTime":623.71,"body":"of ancient literatures,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":623.71,"endTime":628.36,"body":"if readers were to grasp"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":623.71,"endTime":628.36,"body":"the illusions being made."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":628.36,"endTime":630.62,"body":"This erotica was expensive."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":630.62,"endTime":635.037,"body":"For example, the 1882"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":630.62,"endTime":635.037,"body":"pornographic magazine,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":635.037,"endTime":638.04,"body":"\"The Cremorne,\" cost one shilling."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":638.04,"endTime":642.3,"body":"That is more than a week's"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":638.04,"endTime":642.3,"body":"wages for respectable worker."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":642.3,"endTime":644.53,"body":"While \"My Secret Life,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":644.53,"endTime":646.88,"body":"which over seven volumes documented"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":646.88,"endTime":649.87,"body":"the sexual escapades of Walter,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":649.87,"endTime":654.777,"body":"a Victorian gentlemen cost"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":649.87,"endTime":654.777,"body":"an exorbitant 100 pounds"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":656.68,"endTime":659.16,"body":"or two years' wages."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":659.16,"endTime":660.37,"body":"Even middle-class readers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":660.37,"endTime":662.62,"body":"probably couldn't afford such luxuries,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":662.62,"endTime":665.41,"body":"let alone working class men,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":665.41,"endTime":668.76,"body":"a third of whom were illiterate anyway."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":668.76,"endTime":673.077,"body":"The spread of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":668.76,"endTime":673.077,"body":"then to all classes"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":673.077,"endTime":677.16,"body":"only occurred with the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":673.077,"endTime":677.16,"body":"introduction of cheap postcards"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":677.16,"endTime":679.23,"body":"selling for about three pens each,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":679.23,"endTime":683.09,"body":"which regularly sported"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":679.23,"endTime":683.09,"body":"raunchy images of women"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":683.09,"endTime":684.493,"body":"in semi on dress."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":685.73,"endTime":688.391,"body":"The class-based nature"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":685.73,"endTime":688.391,"body":"of early pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":688.391,"endTime":691.48,"body":"meant that it could masquerade"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":691.48,"endTime":696.48,"body":"as anthropological"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":691.48,"endTime":696.48,"body":"investigations or medical texts."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":697.01,"endTime":701.79,"body":"The prolific pornographic"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":697.01,"endTime":701.79,"body":"publisher, Charles Carrington"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":701.79,"endTime":705.96,"body":"published his smart in scholarly disguise."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":705.96,"endTime":709.347,"body":"A typical example would be his puriant"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":710.21,"endTime":712.143,"body":"and extremely racist book"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":712.143,"endTime":717.143,"body":"called \"Untrodden Fields"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":712.143,"endTime":717.143,"body":"of Anthropology-1896.\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":718.74,"endTime":723.74,"body":"Carrington marketed his"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":718.74,"endTime":723.74,"body":"books as medical, folklore,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":723.82,"endTime":726.13,"body":"and scientific works."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":726.13,"endTime":728.35,"body":"Other code words that's kind of popular"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":728.35,"endTime":730.13,"body":"amongst 19th century pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":730.13,"endTime":735.13,"body":"where esoteric customs, unusual practices,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":736.27,"endTime":739.06,"body":"and exotic stories."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":739.06,"endTime":743.52,"body":"Such framings point to"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":739.06,"endTime":743.52,"body":"the close relationship"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":743.52,"endTime":748.52,"body":"between pornography and"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":743.52,"endTime":748.52,"body":"the expansion of the empire"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":749.43,"endTime":753.35,"body":"with its so-called civilizing mission."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":753.35,"endTime":755.84,"body":"Imperial civil servants joined"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":755.84,"endTime":758.32,"body":"with academically minded scholars"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":758.32,"endTime":762.06,"body":"or the London Anthropological Society"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":762.06,"endTime":764.96,"body":"to discuss native customs"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":764.96,"endTime":768.27,"body":"in a kind of seemingly respectful manner"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":768.27,"endTime":771.73,"body":"while privately circulating pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":771.73,"endTime":776.19,"body":"depicting the whipping of female"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":771.73,"endTime":776.19,"body":"slaves and the young boys."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":776.19,"endTime":781.19,"body":"The members of the Cannibal"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":776.19,"endTime":781.19,"body":"Club positioned pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":781.47,"endTime":786.47,"body":"as part of the imperial"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":781.47,"endTime":786.47,"body":"enterprise of discovery,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":787.7,"endTime":790.1,"body":"by which, of course, they meant invasion."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":790.1,"endTime":795.1,"body":"Xenophobia then was at the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":790.1,"endTime":795.1,"body":"very heart of this pornography."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":795.16,"endTime":800.13,"body":"Photographs of topless native"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":795.16,"endTime":800.13,"body":"women could escape the sensor"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":800.13,"endTime":804.75,"body":"in ways that identical photographs"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":800.13,"endTime":804.75,"body":"of white women could not."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":804.75,"endTime":809.42,"body":"Black and brown people of all"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":804.75,"endTime":809.42,"body":"sexes could be objectified"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":809.42,"endTime":812.11,"body":"in so-called traveled postcards"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":812.11,"endTime":814.7,"body":"without the sensor becoming very agitated."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":814.7,"endTime":819.48,"body":"These images contained explicit"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":814.7,"endTime":819.48,"body":"depictions of genitalia"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":820.32,"endTime":821.64,"body":"and pubic hair,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":821.64,"endTime":826.64,"body":"which was literally"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":821.64,"endTime":826.64,"body":"unthinkable in other contexts."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":826.66,"endTime":829.14,"body":"Censorship was particularly unlikely"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":829.14,"endTime":831.76,"body":"if the so-called models were pictured"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":831.76,"endTime":834.34,"body":"in their native habitats,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":834.34,"endTime":838.63,"body":"as opposed to sort of staged studios."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":838.63,"endTime":843.03,"body":"It enabled a multitude of"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":838.63,"endTime":843.03,"body":"racist sins to be marketed"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":843.03,"endTime":848.03,"body":"under the guise of exploration or tourism."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":848.08,"endTime":852.743,"body":"As a historian, Lisa Sigel"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":848.08,"endTime":852.743,"body":"observed the exoticized others"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":855.26,"endTime":859.65,"body":"were always characterized"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":855.26,"endTime":859.65,"body":"as types, no words,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":859.65,"endTime":861.26,"body":"as opposed to individuals."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":861.26,"endTime":865.65,"body":"They were for example,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":861.26,"endTime":865.65,"body":"Arab types, Haitian types,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":865.65,"endTime":867.22,"body":"Geisha types,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":867.22,"endTime":871.15,"body":"offering up that passive"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":867.22,"endTime":871.15,"body":"and receptive bodies"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":871.15,"endTime":875.62,"body":"to the white imperial male gaze."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":875.62,"endTime":879.08,"body":"The most notorious of these pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":879.08,"endTime":880.99,"body":"was Sir Richard Burton,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":880.99,"endTime":884.044,"body":"writer, linguist, explorer, orientalist,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":884.044,"endTime":889.044,"body":"who memorably had himself circumcised"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":889.07,"endTime":892.863,"body":"in preparation for covert"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":889.07,"endTime":892.863,"body":"pilgrimage to Mecca."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":893.842,"endTime":898.09,"body":"In 1880s, Burton was"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":893.842,"endTime":898.09,"body":"responsible for the translation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":899.178,"endTime":904.178,"body":"or uncensored translation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":904.82,"endTime":908.25,"body":"of \"The Book of a Thousand"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":904.82,"endTime":908.25,"body":"Nights and One Night\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":908.25,"endTime":910.38,"body":"and \"Supplementary Nights\" there,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":910.38,"endTime":913.61,"body":"commonly referred to as"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":910.38,"endTime":913.61,"body":"\"The Arabian Nights.\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":913.61,"endTime":917.26,"body":"His viciously racist translation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":917.26,"endTime":921.89,"body":"lingered on so-called"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":917.26,"endTime":921.89,"body":"Arab sexual practices,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":921.89,"endTime":925.27,"body":"including sodomy,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":921.89,"endTime":925.27,"body":"bestiality, clitoridectomy."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":925.27,"endTime":927.06,"body":"Although the volume sold"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":927.06,"endTime":931.24,"body":"for the extraordinary price of 10 guineas,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":931.24,"endTime":935.83,"body":"they incited the first"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":931.24,"endTime":935.83,"body":"public literary debate"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":935.83,"endTime":936.92,"body":"about pornography,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":936.92,"endTime":940.42,"body":"a word that in fact had only"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":936.92,"endTime":940.42,"body":"entered the English language"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":940.42,"endTime":942.78,"body":"in 1850."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":942.78,"endTime":947.34,"body":"As liberal MP, John Morley,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":942.78,"endTime":947.34,"body":"using the pseudonym Sigma"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":947.34,"endTime":952.02,"body":"complained this oriental McKeep"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":952.02,"endTime":957.02,"body":"was pornography masked as"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":952.02,"endTime":957.02,"body":"scholarship and culture."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":957.61,"endTime":961.53,"body":"Only by such deception"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":957.61,"endTime":961.53,"body":"could the book be found"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":961.53,"endTime":966.45,"body":"on the unsullied British breakfast table."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":966.45,"endTime":969.84,"body":"Orientalist racism remains really strong"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":969.84,"endTime":970.97,"body":"in British pornography."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":970.97,"endTime":973.59,"body":"Black and Asian women feticized more,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":973.59,"endTime":977.78,"body":"while male Asian pornographic"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":973.59,"endTime":977.78,"body":"stars are feminized."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":977.78,"endTime":981.01,"body":"This consumption of the bodies of others"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":981.01,"endTime":985.06,"body":"a part of their exclusion from citizenship"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":985.06,"endTime":987.86,"body":"or even full humanity."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":987.86,"endTime":991.687,"body":"In the words of Mona Sicam in her essay,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":991.687,"endTime":994.85,"body":"\"Stripping While Brown,\" she said,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":994.85,"endTime":999.35,"body":"she wrote, \"In the spaces"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":994.85,"endTime":999.35,"body":"of commercial intimacy,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":999.35,"endTime":1004.35,"body":"it is never just a body"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":999.35,"endTime":1004.35,"body":"that has bought or sold.\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1005.35,"endTime":1008.9,"body":"Even more common than the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1005.35,"endTime":1008.9,"body":"promotion of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1008.9,"endTime":1013.09,"body":"as anthropology, as exploration or travel,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1013.09,"endTime":1016.91,"body":"was it's marketing as a"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1013.09,"endTime":1016.91,"body":"manual for doctors, surgeons,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1016.91,"endTime":1018.744,"body":"and other health professionals."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1018.744,"endTime":1023.744,"body":"For example, the medical"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1018.744,"endTime":1023.744,"body":"textbook by John Robertson"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1024.02,"endTime":1028.793,"body":"entitled \"On Diseases of"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1024.02,"endTime":1028.793,"body":"the Generative System\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1030.93,"endTime":1032.698,"body":"published in 1811,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1032.698,"endTime":1037.698,"body":"it was reissued 1824 by"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1032.698,"endTime":1037.698,"body":"John Joseph Stockdale"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1038.67,"endTime":1040.75,"body":"using the pseudonym, Thomas Little,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1040.75,"endTime":1044.287,"body":"as a pornographic text under the title,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1044.287,"endTime":1048.4,"body":"\"The Generative System by John Robertson.\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1048.4,"endTime":1052.22,"body":"This lewd version included amongst others,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1052.22,"endTime":1054.71,"body":"seven images that were not present"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1054.71,"endTime":1058.45,"body":"in the original medical manual."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1058.45,"endTime":1061.02,"body":"One of these plates, just"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1058.45,"endTime":1061.02,"body":"to give you one example,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1061.02,"endTime":1065.45,"body":"is a closeup obscene image of a vulva"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1065.45,"endTime":1070.01,"body":"without any of the usual"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1065.45,"endTime":1070.01,"body":"distancing mechanisms"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1070.01,"endTime":1073.47,"body":"typical of medical journals."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1073.47,"endTime":1078.47,"body":"Similarly, the 17th century"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1073.47,"endTime":1078.47,"body":"classic Aristotle's masterpiece."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1079.5,"endTime":1081.699,"body":"And for those of you who came to my talk"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1081.699,"endTime":1085.46,"body":"at the Gresham on pleasure,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1081.699,"endTime":1085.46,"body":"I discussed it then."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1085.46,"endTime":1087.05,"body":"So, Aristotle's masterpiece"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1087.05,"endTime":1091.61,"body":"also underwent numerous"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1087.05,"endTime":1091.61,"body":"pornographic make-overs"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1091.61,"endTime":1095.58,"body":"as the anonymous author of an article"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1095.58,"endTime":1100.483,"body":"in the Pall Mall Gazette admitted in 1867."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1101.51,"endTime":1105.07,"body":"Many medical works and many"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1101.51,"endTime":1105.07,"body":"law books contain matter"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1105.07,"endTime":1108.869,"body":"which is grossly obscene"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1105.07,"endTime":1108.869,"body":"as do many classical books."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1108.869,"endTime":1113.1,"body":"He agreed that such"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1108.869,"endTime":1113.1,"body":"publications were legitimate"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1113.1,"endTime":1116.435,"body":"because the interest of medicine, law,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1116.435,"endTime":1119.36,"body":"and classical literature require it."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1119.36,"endTime":1122.44,"body":"However, he continued, circulating texts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1122.44,"endTime":1126.96,"body":"containing indecencies"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1122.44,"endTime":1126.96,"body":"within professional circles"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1126.96,"endTime":1128.45,"body":"was one thing."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1128.45,"endTime":1131.86,"body":"It was quite different for pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1131.86,"endTime":1136.86,"body":"to select every foul passage"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1131.86,"endTime":1136.86,"body":"in the authors we have named,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1138.19,"endTime":1140.88,"body":"translate them into broad English,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1140.88,"endTime":1145.63,"body":"and sell them in a penny"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1140.88,"endTime":1145.63,"body":"pamphlet to boys in the street."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1145.63,"endTime":1150.563,"body":"Such publications, he said"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1145.63,"endTime":1150.563,"body":"were revolting and licentious."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1151.73,"endTime":1154.86,"body":"Wealthy collectors along"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1151.73,"endTime":1154.86,"body":"with medical, legal,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1154.86,"endTime":1159.51,"body":"and academic professionals"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1154.86,"endTime":1159.51,"body":"were positioned as impervious"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1159.51,"endTime":1164.02,"body":"to the ill effects of"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1159.51,"endTime":1164.02,"body":"obscene publications,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1164.02,"endTime":1168.093,"body":"unlike the uneducated masses."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1168.98,"endTime":1172.16,"body":"Now, these highly"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1168.98,"endTime":1172.16,"body":"classed debates continue."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1172.16,"endTime":1174.91,"body":"But of course, most"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1172.16,"endTime":1174.91,"body":"pornography consumed today"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1174.91,"endTime":1177.71,"body":"is freely or cheaply available online."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1177.71,"endTime":1181.64,"body":"20th and 21st century"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1177.71,"endTime":1181.64,"body":"pornography is often generated"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1181.64,"endTime":1184.51,"body":"using everyday computers, video recorders,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1184.51,"endTime":1188.66,"body":"and phones with sophisticated"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1184.51,"endTime":1188.66,"body":"digital cameras."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1188.66,"endTime":1192.93,"body":"The proliferation and"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1188.66,"endTime":1192.93,"body":"increasing accessibility"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1192.93,"endTime":1196.61,"body":"of digital technologies"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1192.93,"endTime":1196.61,"body":"have not only enabled"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1196.61,"endTime":1201.61,"body":"amateur pornography to"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1196.61,"endTime":1201.61,"body":"expand exponentially,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1201.92,"endTime":1206.17,"body":"but it's also resulted in"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1201.92,"endTime":1206.17,"body":"new criminal behaviors,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1206.17,"endTime":1209.983,"body":"such as producing and"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1206.17,"endTime":1209.983,"body":"distributing unauthorized images."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1211.0,"endTime":1213.51,"body":"My final introductory remarks"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1213.51,"endTime":1217.32,"body":"concern the relationship"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1213.51,"endTime":1217.32,"body":"between pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1217.32,"endTime":1221.6,"body":"and prevailing sexual norms and practices."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1221.6,"endTime":1224.35,"body":"At a very basic level,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1224.35,"endTime":1228.37,"body":"the disjuncture between"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1224.35,"endTime":1228.37,"body":"what appears in pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1228.37,"endTime":1232.28,"body":"and real life sex is vast."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1232.28,"endTime":1234.72,"body":"This is Billie Eilish's critique,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1234.72,"endTime":1236.87,"body":"which I cited at the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1234.72,"endTime":1236.87,"body":"beginning of this talk"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1237.928,"endTime":1239.5,"body":"when she complained that her"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1237.928,"endTime":1239.5,"body":"frequent viewing of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1239.5,"endTime":1243.23,"body":"from the age of 12 ruined her sex life."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1243.23,"endTime":1248.23,"body":"Pornography not only boosts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1243.23,"endTime":1248.23,"body":"unrealistic expectations,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1249.17,"endTime":1251.836,"body":"for example, what does the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1249.17,"endTime":1251.836,"body":"sex body actually look like,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1251.836,"endTime":1254.97,"body":"or the truth of orgasm,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1254.97,"endTime":1258.64,"body":"but it also encourages harmful assumptions"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1258.64,"endTime":1263.64,"body":"about what acts a sexy person"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1258.64,"endTime":1263.64,"body":"has no right to decline."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1266.65,"endTime":1269.8,"body":"And there's a vast literature"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1266.65,"endTime":1269.8,"body":"documenting these two problems"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1269.8,"endTime":1271.66,"body":"in contemporary pornography."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1271.66,"endTime":1274.24,"body":"I think, however, there"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1271.66,"endTime":1274.24,"body":"is more interesting point"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1274.24,"endTime":1276.804,"body":"to be made for historians."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1276.804,"endTime":1280.52,"body":"Historians often attempt to extrapolate"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1280.52,"endTime":1282.64,"body":"from pornographic texts and images"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1282.64,"endTime":1287.11,"body":"to prevailing sexual mores."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1287.11,"endTime":1288.38,"body":"For example,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1288.38,"endTime":1291.67,"body":"one of the most influential"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1288.38,"endTime":1291.67,"body":"historians of pornography,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1291.67,"endTime":1293.29,"body":"Steven Marcus,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1293.29,"endTime":1296.34,"body":"based his analysis of Victorian sexuality"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1296.34,"endTime":1298.602,"body":"on reading obscene texts."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1298.602,"endTime":1300.75,"body":"(coughs) Excuse me."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1300.75,"endTime":1304.64,"body":"His foundational book,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1300.75,"endTime":1304.64,"body":"\"The Other Victorians:"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1304.64,"endTime":1306.68,"body":"A Study of Sexuality and Pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1306.68,"endTime":1308.78,"body":"in Mid-Nineteenth-Century England,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1308.78,"endTime":1311.38,"body":"which came out in 1966,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1311.38,"endTime":1315.29,"body":"established the canon of"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1311.38,"endTime":1315.29,"body":"Victorian pornography."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1315.29,"endTime":1316.941,"body":"These were,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1316.941,"endTime":1318.54,"body":"let's see if I can remember them,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1318.54,"endTime":1323.54,"body":"the bibliographic collections"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1318.54,"endTime":1323.54,"body":"or Henry Spencer Ashbee,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1325.387,"endTime":1328.667,"body":"\"My Secret Life,\" \"The Lustful Turk,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1328.667,"endTime":1331.657,"body":"\"Rosa Fielding,\" or \"A Victim of Lust,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1331.657,"endTime":1335.707,"body":"\"The Amatory Experiences of a Surgeon,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1336.607,"endTime":1341.607,"body":"\"Randiana,\" and \"The Romance of Lust.\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1342.16,"endTime":1343.61,"body":"From these texts,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1343.61,"endTime":1347.149,"body":"Marcus concluded that"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1343.61,"endTime":1347.149,"body":"Victorian pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1347.149,"endTime":1352.149,"body":"exposed the unresolved"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1347.149,"endTime":1352.149,"body":"psychosexual fantasies"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1352.21,"endTime":1355.393,"body":"of a culture still in adolescents."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1356.4,"endTime":1358.1,"body":"But there's a problem here."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1358.1,"endTime":1361.31,"body":"As historian Colette"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1358.1,"endTime":1361.31,"body":"Colligan has explained,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1361.31,"endTime":1365.93,"body":"this use of Victorian pornographic"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1361.31,"endTime":1365.93,"body":"sources is problematic."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1365.93,"endTime":1369.83,"body":"It exudes that Victorian pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1369.83,"endTime":1374.83,"body":"was a highly responsive,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1369.83,"endTime":1374.83,"body":"consumer-driven industry,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1374.9,"endTime":1376.85,"body":"as it is today."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1376.85,"endTime":1378.85,"body":"In contrast with today,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1378.85,"endTime":1381.53,"body":"a larger portion of pornographic texts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1381.53,"endTime":1384.79,"body":"consumed in the 19th century"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1384.79,"endTime":1388.67,"body":"had been produced decades earlier."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1388.67,"endTime":1393.077,"body":"The classic pornographic orientalist text,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1393.077,"endTime":1398.077,"body":"\"The Lustful Turk\" was"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1393.077,"endTime":1398.077,"body":"first published in 1828,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1398.69,"endTime":1403.443,"body":"but it kept being reprinted"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1398.69,"endTime":1403.443,"body":"for another 80 years."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1404.49,"endTime":1408.94,"body":"Colligan found that even less"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1404.49,"endTime":1408.94,"body":"popular pornographic texts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1408.94,"endTime":1413.04,"body":"had an average shelf life"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1408.94,"endTime":1413.04,"body":"of one quarter of a century."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1413.04,"endTime":1415.62,"body":"And this means that we"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1413.04,"endTime":1415.62,"body":"should be extremely cautious"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1415.62,"endTime":1419.83,"body":"about drawing conclusions"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1415.62,"endTime":1419.83,"body":"about a society sexual lives"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1419.83,"endTime":1424.053,"body":"from the pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1419.83,"endTime":1424.053,"body":"they are masturbating to."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1425.24,"endTime":1426.073,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1426.073,"endTime":1428.15,"body":"So, in the second half of this talk,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1428.15,"endTime":1431.23,"body":"I want to return to a point"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1428.15,"endTime":1431.23,"body":"I made at the very start."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1431.23,"endTime":1433.69,"body":"And that is, that I think it's wrong"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1433.69,"endTime":1437.89,"body":"to assume that a historically"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1433.69,"endTime":1437.89,"body":"specific form of pornography,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1437.89,"endTime":1441.59,"body":"one that arose in the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1437.89,"endTime":1441.59,"body":"1970s is the standard"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1441.59,"endTime":1444.67,"body":"by which all pornography should be judged."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1444.67,"endTime":1448.17,"body":"I'm going to turn to two"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1444.67,"endTime":1448.17,"body":"periods of British history."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1448.17,"endTime":1450.9,"body":"What pornography looks"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1448.17,"endTime":1450.9,"body":"actually very, very different"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1450.9,"endTime":1452.13,"body":"to what it is today."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1452.13,"endTime":1456.82,"body":"These are firstly, the late"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1452.13,"endTime":1456.82,"body":"18th and early 19th century."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1456.82,"endTime":1461.45,"body":"And secondly, the 1960s and early 1970s."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1461.45,"endTime":1465.88,"body":"In these periods, the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1461.45,"endTime":1465.88,"body":"dominant genre of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1465.88,"endTime":1468.66,"body":"was a radical one that challenged"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1468.66,"endTime":1473.04,"body":"as opposed to bolstering regimes of power."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1473.04,"endTime":1475.31,"body":"So, 18th and early 19th century,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1475.31,"endTime":1478.7,"body":"British pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1475.31,"endTime":1478.7,"body":"were politically committed"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1478.7,"endTime":1481.62,"body":"to using bawdiness and obscenity"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1481.62,"endTime":1485.31,"body":"to convey explicitly political messages"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1485.31,"endTime":1488.47,"body":"against authoritarian power."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1488.47,"endTime":1493.41,"body":"Their purpose was to mock"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1488.47,"endTime":1493.41,"body":"the crown, the church,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1493.41,"endTime":1494.6,"body":"and the state."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1494.6,"endTime":1496.4,"body":"I'm just going to give three examples here"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1496.4,"endTime":1497.478,"body":"of many dozens I could give."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1497.478,"endTime":1502.478,"body":"First example is the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1497.478,"endTime":1502.478,"body":"example of William Dugdale."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1504.55,"endTime":1506.43,"body":"He was one of the greatest pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1506.43,"endTime":1507.64,"body":"of the 19th century."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1507.64,"endTime":1510.99,"body":"And he published work"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1507.64,"endTime":1510.99,"body":"of political agitation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1510.99,"endTime":1513.27,"body":"alongside pornography."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1513.27,"endTime":1517.83,"body":"Indeed, he viewed the two"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1513.27,"endTime":1517.83,"body":"genres as mutually reinforcing."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1517.83,"endTime":1522.21,"body":"Similarly, George Cannon"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1517.83,"endTime":1522.21,"body":"was an anti-religious"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1522.21,"endTime":1527.21,"body":"radical polemicist for the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1522.21,"endTime":1527.21,"body":"rationalism of the enlightenment."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1527.53,"endTime":1530.76,"body":"And he combined his attack"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1527.53,"endTime":1530.76,"body":"on upper-class of vice"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1530.76,"endTime":1534.429,"body":"and old corruption with pornography."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1534.429,"endTime":1539.429,"body":"Robert Wedderburn was a leading"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1534.429,"endTime":1539.429,"body":"spency in revolutionary,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1540.893,"endTime":1545.45,"body":"who argued for violent revolution"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1540.893,"endTime":1545.45,"body":"while running a brothel"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1545.45,"endTime":1549.24,"body":"and working as an agent for"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1545.45,"endTime":1549.24,"body":"pornographic publishers."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1549.24,"endTime":1552.926,"body":"Now, these explicitly political agendas,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1552.926,"endTime":1557.926,"body":"co-existed alongside radical"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1552.926,"endTime":1557.926,"body":"views about female sexuality."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1559.3,"endTime":1562.06,"body":"Much of this early pornography validated,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1562.06,"endTime":1565.83,"body":"even celebrated female sexual autonomy."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1565.83,"endTime":1567.53,"body":"And in these books,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1567.53,"endTime":1572.53,"body":"women can be heard loudly"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1567.53,"endTime":1572.53,"body":"seeking out their own pleasure."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1573.22,"endTime":1574.18,"body":"The authorities."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1574.18,"endTime":1576.5,"body":"Well, the authorities vigorously sought"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1576.5,"endTime":1579.47,"body":"to suppress such pornography less"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1579.47,"endTime":1582.25,"body":"because of the way pornography corrupted"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1582.25,"endTime":1585.43,"body":"individual sexual morals,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1585.43,"endTime":1588.29,"body":"and more with detrimental impact"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1588.29,"endTime":1591.76,"body":"on the established political order."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1591.76,"endTime":1594.9,"body":"So, pornography in this"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1591.76,"endTime":1594.9,"body":"period was not only,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1594.9,"endTime":1598.45,"body":"or even primarily about titillation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1598.45,"endTime":1600.76,"body":"or arousing sexual feelings,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1600.76,"endTime":1603.901,"body":"as the definition generally"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1600.76,"endTime":1603.901,"body":"used in the 20th century"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1603.901,"endTime":1608.901,"body":"has assumed, but was also"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1603.901,"endTime":1608.901,"body":"explicitly radical critiquing"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1609.76,"endTime":1612.66,"body":"power structures in society."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1612.66,"endTime":1617.66,"body":"So, this change from"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1612.66,"endTime":1617.66,"body":"bawdiness as political,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1617.84,"endTime":1622.84,"body":"to bawdiness as primarily"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1617.84,"endTime":1622.84,"body":"concerned with titillation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1622.89,"endTime":1625.6,"body":"was in fact, a very gradual one."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1625.6,"endTime":1629.89,"body":"Historians as different as"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1625.6,"endTime":1629.89,"body":"Iain McCalman, Lynn Hunt,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1629.89,"endTime":1631.89,"body":"Lisa Sigel,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1631.89,"endTime":1636.46,"body":"generally date to the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1631.89,"endTime":1636.46,"body":"decline from the 1830s,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1636.46,"endTime":1639.28,"body":"crucially, although not decisively,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1639.28,"endTime":1641.62,"body":"killed off by the chartists"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1641.62,"endTime":1645.37,"body":"who sought a more respectable image."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1645.37,"endTime":1648.84,"body":"As Sigel argues, by the Victorian period,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1648.84,"endTime":1652.83,"body":"the fluidity and the versatility,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1652.83,"endTime":1653.95,"body":"those are her words,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1653.95,"endTime":1656.02,"body":"of 18th century pornography,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1656.02,"endTime":1659.53,"body":"which kind of merged"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1656.02,"endTime":1659.53,"body":"descriptions of genitals"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1659.53,"endTime":1663.5,"body":"and sexual practices with"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1659.53,"endTime":1663.5,"body":"brood of questions of beauty,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1663.5,"endTime":1668.5,"body":"sentiment, and religion had faded away."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1668.58,"endTime":1672.46,"body":"It's no coincidence that this move"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1672.46,"endTime":1676.4,"body":"towards a less politicized pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1676.4,"endTime":1681.34,"body":"also saw the disappearance"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1676.4,"endTime":1681.34,"body":"of female narrators."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1681.34,"endTime":1683.89,"body":"So, Hunt, I'm going to"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1681.34,"endTime":1683.89,"body":"quote hunter Lynn Hunt."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1683.89,"endTime":1688.89,"body":"She laments the fact that when"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1683.89,"endTime":1688.89,"body":"the female narrator is faced,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1691.0,"endTime":1695.16,"body":"so too, is the ambiguity"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1691.0,"endTime":1695.16,"body":"about the function"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1695.16,"endTime":1699.0,"body":"of the present representation of women."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1699.0,"endTime":1704.0,"body":"She notes that in novels"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1699.0,"endTime":1704.0,"body":"without a female narrator,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1704.04,"endTime":1708.91,"body":"female bodies become objects"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1704.04,"endTime":1708.91,"body":"to be read about, viewed,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1708.91,"endTime":1713.91,"body":"and enjoyed by men as opposed"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1708.91,"endTime":1713.91,"body":"to being active subjects"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1714.05,"endTime":1716.31,"body":"in their own lives."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1716.31,"endTime":1718.61,"body":"I think a really"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1716.31,"endTime":1718.61,"body":"particularly insightful way"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1718.61,"endTime":1721.13,"body":"to track these shifts can be seen"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1721.13,"endTime":1723.64,"body":"if we look at different additions"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1723.64,"endTime":1727.367,"body":"or different versions of"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1723.64,"endTime":1727.367,"body":"the anonymously authored"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1727.367,"endTime":1731.21,"body":"\"The History of The Human Heart.\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1731.21,"endTime":1733.88,"body":"And this book was republished in 1849."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1737.82,"endTime":1742.82,"body":"Sorry, 1749, 1844, and 1968."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1744.62,"endTime":1748.177,"body":"And it's really significant"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1744.62,"endTime":1748.177,"body":"that the original title,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1748.177,"endTime":1750.76,"body":"\"The History of The Human Heart,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1750.76,"endTime":1755.14,"body":"which emphasize the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1750.76,"endTime":1755.14,"body":"gender-free human heart"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1755.14,"endTime":1760.11,"body":"was changed in later additions"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1755.14,"endTime":1760.11,"body":"to the much more sexualized"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1760.11,"endTime":1765.11,"body":"and gendered male \"Memoirs"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1760.11,"endTime":1765.11,"body":"of a Man of Pleasure.\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1766.17,"endTime":1769.499,"body":"Historian Kathleen Lubrey's"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1766.17,"endTime":1769.499,"body":"analysis of these texts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1769.499,"endTime":1773.14,"body":"make the point I alluded to earlier"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1773.14,"endTime":1776.897,"body":"when discussing, well, how are"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1773.14,"endTime":1776.897,"body":"we going to define pornography."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1776.897,"endTime":1780.567,"body":"\"When exploded historically,\" she notes,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1780.567,"endTime":1784.7,"body":"\"Pornography isn't consistently erotic"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1784.7,"endTime":1789.7,"body":"and does not contain an"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1784.7,"endTime":1789.7,"body":"unwavering imperative to arousal."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1791.67,"endTime":1795.56,"body":"Indeed, let me point out"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1791.67,"endTime":1795.56,"body":"that early pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1796.72,"endTime":1799.65,"body":"does not privilege sexual stimulation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1799.65,"endTime":1802.87,"body":"over other perceptive possibilities."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1802.87,"endTime":1805.98,"body":"It insists, in fact, on the coexistence"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1805.98,"endTime":1810.45,"body":"of multiple responses at"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1805.98,"endTime":1810.45,"body":"once drawing on humor,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1810.45,"endTime":1813.74,"body":"intellectual debate, and cultural critique"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1813.74,"endTime":1818.74,"body":"to emphasize the associative"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1813.74,"endTime":1818.74,"body":"function of sex acts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1818.95,"endTime":1820.803,"body":"in narrative."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1821.68,"endTime":1824.04,"body":"So, what changes can we see"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1824.04,"endTime":1826.256,"body":"in the different editions"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1826.256,"endTime":1830.173,"body":"of \"The History of The"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1826.256,"endTime":1830.173,"body":"Human Heart,\" crucially."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1831.11,"endTime":1836.05,"body":"The texts increasingly horns in genitals."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1836.05,"endTime":1839.38,"body":"Dialogues, lengthy"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1836.05,"endTime":1839.38,"body":"dialogues between lovers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1839.38,"endTime":1841.29,"body":"were extensively caught."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1841.29,"endTime":1843.96,"body":"Feelings trivialized."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1843.96,"endTime":1848.96,"body":"Female sexual pleasure was"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1843.96,"endTime":1848.96,"body":"also progressively curtailed."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1849.65,"endTime":1850.483,"body":"So, in other words,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1850.483,"endTime":1855.37,"body":"gone descriptions of the female"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1850.483,"endTime":1855.37,"body":"protagonists language eyes"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1857.61,"endTime":1861.82,"body":"that heavily punting"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1857.61,"endTime":1861.82,"body":"bosom, that glowing blush,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1861.82,"endTime":1866.82,"body":"which all proclaim the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1861.82,"endTime":1866.82,"body":"God of love triumphant."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1867.72,"endTime":1869.8,"body":"Women became objects"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1869.8,"endTime":1874.36,"body":"rather than subjects of"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1869.8,"endTime":1874.36,"body":"pornographic narratives."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1874.36,"endTime":1879.36,"body":"Male sexual pleasure trumped"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1874.36,"endTime":1879.36,"body":"all other forms progressively."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1880.14,"endTime":1883.577,"body":"The 1968 edition of the now retitled"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1883.577,"endTime":1888.577,"body":"\"Memoirs of a Man of Pleasure,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1883.577,"endTime":1888.577,"body":"jettisoned gender dividends."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1889.48,"endTime":1893.2,"body":"The male hero becomes more self-possessed"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1893.2,"endTime":1897.24,"body":"and his seductive efforts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1893.2,"endTime":1897.24,"body":"are no longer broken up"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1897.24,"endTime":1902.24,"body":"by bouts of uncertainty,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1897.24,"endTime":1902.24,"body":"as in earlier additions."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1902.57,"endTime":1907.31,"body":"Female heroines, they"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1902.57,"endTime":1907.31,"body":"become quieter, flatter,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1907.31,"endTime":1912.05,"body":"less condemning all of his"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1907.31,"endTime":1912.05,"body":"scheming and duplicity."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1912.05,"endTime":1913.91,"body":"The main thrust of the book"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1913.91,"endTime":1916.59,"body":"increasingly becomes the assertion"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1916.59,"endTime":1921.29,"body":"of a potent masculine heterosexuality."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1921.29,"endTime":1926.29,"body":"And for Lubey, this meant that by 1968,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1926.794,"endTime":1930.58,"body":"the pleasure or pornographic reading"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1930.58,"endTime":1935.58,"body":"was not only narrow compared"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1930.58,"endTime":1935.58,"body":"to the miscellaneous pleasures"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1935.72,"endTime":1938.92,"body":"enjoyed by the 18th century reader,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1938.92,"endTime":1943.92,"body":"but also that it requires"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1938.92,"endTime":1943.92,"body":"a proud and unfailing hero."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1945.58,"endTime":1950.24,"body":"The hero, so unlike his"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1945.58,"endTime":1950.24,"body":"18th century forebear,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1950.24,"endTime":1955.24,"body":"falls short of ever admitting"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1950.24,"endTime":1955.24,"body":"subjection to his beloved."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1957.95,"endTime":1962.12,"body":"Well, unlike 18th and early"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1957.95,"endTime":1962.12,"body":"19th century pornography,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1962.12,"endTime":1966.02,"body":"pornography increasingly"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1962.12,"endTime":1966.02,"body":"insisted on upholding"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1966.02,"endTime":1970.11,"body":"an unassailable male sexual agency."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1970.11,"endTime":1974.1,"body":"Now, this is not to say"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1970.11,"endTime":1974.1,"body":"that a subversive tradition"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1974.1,"endTime":1976.06,"body":"disappeared entirely."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1976.06,"endTime":1978.02,"body":"She, Sigel, reminds her readers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1978.02,"endTime":1983.02,"body":"that self-consciously, political,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1978.02,"endTime":1983.02,"body":"or more propped correctly,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1983.99,"endTime":1987.04,"body":"satirical pornography limped along"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1987.04,"endTime":1991.34,"body":"in the genre of sexually comic postcards,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1991.34,"endTime":1996.34,"body":"which reveled in copra"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1991.34,"endTime":1996.34,"body":"fagus male aristocrats,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":1997.56,"endTime":2000.81,"body":"and flatulent upper class women."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2000.81,"endTime":2004.86,"body":"These astute caricatures of social elites,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2004.86,"endTime":2009.43,"body":"however, were undercut by the"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2004.86,"endTime":2009.43,"body":"fact that these comic cards"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2009.43,"endTime":2014.43,"body":"also displayed working people"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2009.43,"endTime":2014.43,"body":"as possessing, similarly,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2014.52,"endTime":2019.52,"body":"ridiculous and rambunctious sexual bodies."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2019.65,"endTime":2024.65,"body":"The small radical tradition of pornography"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2024.9,"endTime":2028.8,"body":"was only revived or be it"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2024.9,"endTime":2028.8,"body":"with significant differences,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2028.8,"endTime":2032.85,"body":"130 years later in the 1960s."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2032.85,"endTime":2037.29,"body":"Now, unlike the politically"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2032.85,"endTime":2037.29,"body":"progressive pornographies"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2037.29,"endTime":2040.56,"body":"of the earlier period who used sexual wit"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2040.56,"endTime":2045.56,"body":"and obscenity to critique"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2040.56,"endTime":2045.56,"body":"oppressive political institutions,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2046.87,"endTime":2049.84,"body":"in the 1960s, a new group of pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2049.84,"endTime":2053.16,"body":"turned their attention"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2049.84,"endTime":2053.16,"body":"to the damaging impact"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2053.16,"endTime":2056.633,"body":"of moral ideologies more directly."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2057.48,"endTime":2058.8,"body":"To show you what I mean by this,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2058.8,"endTime":2062.25,"body":"even when they targeted the church,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2062.25,"endTime":2065.07,"body":"this was not the established church"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2065.07,"endTime":2067.94,"body":"as an ally to the aristocracy,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2067.94,"endTime":2070.85,"body":"but religion as propagating"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2070.85,"endTime":2075.85,"body":"an individually sexually"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2070.85,"endTime":2075.85,"body":"repressive moral code."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2075.98,"endTime":2078.88,"body":"This new generation of pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2078.88,"endTime":2082.01,"body":"set themselves in opposition"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2078.88,"endTime":2082.01,"body":"to what historian,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2082.01,"endTime":2083.1,"body":"Marcus Collins,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2083.1,"endTime":2088.1,"body":"has called the pre-permissive"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2083.1,"endTime":2088.1,"body":"pornography of alibis."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2088.93,"endTime":2093.93,"body":"And by that, he means pinups,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2088.93,"endTime":2093.93,"body":"artists, and naturalists, who,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2094.9,"endTime":2098.66,"body":"his words, acted as fronts"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2098.66,"endTime":2102.41,"body":"behind which the erotic might hide."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2102.41,"endTime":2105.17,"body":"In contrast, the new pornographers,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2105.17,"endTime":2109.46,"body":"both tapped into and helped to create"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2109.46,"endTime":2112.87,"body":"the so-called permissive society."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2112.87,"endTime":2115.85,"body":"So, what we've got here"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2112.87,"endTime":2115.85,"body":"is we've got sex radicals,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2115.85,"endTime":2118.98,"body":"pornographers and feminists"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2115.85,"endTime":2118.98,"body":"who were, if you like,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2118.98,"endTime":2121.95,"body":"encouraged to believe"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2118.98,"endTime":2121.95,"body":"that they were engaged"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2121.95,"endTime":2124.6,"body":"in adjacent projects."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2124.6,"endTime":2127.82,"body":"Women as well as men had an interest"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2127.82,"endTime":2130.92,"body":"in freeing up sexual desires,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2130.92,"endTime":2133.87,"body":"repudiating the nuclear family"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2133.87,"endTime":2137.47,"body":"and encouraging social freedoms."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2137.47,"endTime":2140.7,"body":"In the 1960s, the birth control pill,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2140.7,"endTime":2144.76,"body":"legalization of abortion"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2140.7,"endTime":2144.76,"body":"benefited both sexes."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2144.76,"endTime":2149.76,"body":"Pornographers and feminists"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2144.76,"endTime":2149.76,"body":"welcomed the new freedoms."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2149.93,"endTime":2154.93,"body":"Both insisted that women were"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2149.93,"endTime":2154.93,"body":"desiring sexual subjects,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2155.83,"endTime":2157.54,"body":"similar to men."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2157.54,"endTime":2160.25,"body":"So, in Collins' words,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2160.25,"endTime":2163.61,"body":"the producers of these"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2160.25,"endTime":2163.61,"body":"early soft-core magazines,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2163.61,"endTime":2165.864,"body":"such as \"Penthouse and Playboy\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2165.864,"endTime":2170.59,"body":"made every effort to present female desire"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2170.59,"endTime":2172.69,"body":"as normal and natural."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2172.69,"endTime":2175.42,"body":"In contrast to that, pin-up predecessors,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2175.42,"endTime":2179.05,"body":"the models looked as though"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2175.42,"endTime":2179.05,"body":"they actually wanted sex."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2179.05,"endTime":2183.47,"body":"They were desiring as they were desirable."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2183.47,"endTime":2188.47,"body":"These new pornographers also"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2183.47,"endTime":2188.47,"body":"avoided the objectification"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2188.93,"endTime":2193.19,"body":"and violence that"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2188.93,"endTime":2193.19,"body":"anti-pornography feminists claimed"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2193.19,"endTime":2198.19,"body":"to be characteristic of or"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2193.19,"endTime":2198.19,"body":"pornographic images of women."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2198.77,"endTime":2203.12,"body":"After all, Collins observed"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2198.77,"endTime":2203.12,"body":"any hint of coercion"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2203.12,"endTime":2204.46,"body":"would have clashed with the view"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2204.46,"endTime":2205.73,"body":"by the new pornographers,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2205.73,"endTime":2210.72,"body":"that women wanted sex as much as men."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2210.72,"endTime":2215.72,"body":"So, instead of depersonalizing"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2210.72,"endTime":2215.72,"body":"sexual images of women,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2216.01,"endTime":2219.342,"body":"obstructing them from sexualized"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2219.342,"endTime":2221.8,"body":"from other aspects of their lives,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2221.8,"endTime":2226.01,"body":"they could publish detailed"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2221.8,"endTime":2226.01,"body":"profiles of the models,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2226.01,"endTime":2228.64,"body":"including asking them"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2226.01,"endTime":2228.64,"body":"their views on politics"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2228.64,"endTime":2230.7,"body":"and culture more generally."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2230.7,"endTime":2234.0,"body":"These models denounced the double standard"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2234.0,"endTime":2235.23,"body":"of sexual behavior."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2235.23,"endTime":2238.52,"body":"They spoke positively about"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2235.23,"endTime":2238.52,"body":"birth control, abortion,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2238.52,"endTime":2241.17,"body":"divorce, women's rights."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2241.17,"endTime":2244.88,"body":"The first cover story of \"Mayfair\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2244.88,"endTime":2248.68,"body":"even referred to the rise"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2244.88,"endTime":2248.68,"body":"of sexually liberated women"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2248.68,"endTime":2251.963,"body":"as sexual suffragettes."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2254.01,"endTime":2256.35,"body":"Well, this was unfortunately,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2256.35,"endTime":2260.65,"body":"an even shorter lived"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2256.35,"endTime":2260.65,"body":"revolution than its predecessor."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2260.65,"endTime":2263.86,"body":"From the early 1970s,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2263.86,"endTime":2267.35,"body":"the positive message"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2263.86,"endTime":2267.35,"body":"that had been propagated"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2267.35,"endTime":2272.17,"body":"by the new pornographers was"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2267.35,"endTime":2272.17,"body":"being increasingly undercut"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2272.17,"endTime":2275.86,"body":"by a revived misogynous rhetoric."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2275.86,"endTime":2276.9,"body":"And the tipping point,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2276.9,"endTime":2278.28,"body":"well, we don't really know,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2278.28,"endTime":2280.79,"body":"but it's no coincidence, I think,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2280.79,"endTime":2283.44,"body":"that the first women's"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2280.79,"endTime":2283.44,"body":"liberation conference"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2283.44,"endTime":2287.927,"body":"was held at Ruskin college in 1970."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2287.927,"endTime":2292.927,"body":"The sexually radical new"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2287.927,"endTime":2292.927,"body":"pornographers felt threatened."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2294.6,"endTime":2296.45,"body":"Was the feminist movement going too far?"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2296.45,"endTime":2300.01,"body":"Were women becoming a little"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2296.45,"endTime":2300.01,"body":"bit too much like men?"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2300.01,"endTime":2305.01,"body":"Many of the same models who"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2300.01,"endTime":2305.01,"body":"in the 1960s had been vocal"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2305.08,"endTime":2307.87,"body":"about their support for"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2305.08,"endTime":2307.87,"body":"women's rights to equal pay"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2307.87,"endTime":2310.6,"body":"and sexual freedom were now quoted"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2310.6,"endTime":2313.49,"body":"as having changed their mind."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2313.49,"endTime":2317.24,"body":"They began hoarding male shivery."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2317.24,"endTime":2322.09,"body":"Passive femininity was"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2317.24,"endTime":2322.09,"body":"reframed as somehow empowering."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2322.09,"endTime":2325.11,"body":"Demands for equal pay"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2322.09,"endTime":2325.11,"body":"were judged unrealistic."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2325.11,"endTime":2327.867,"body":"And anyway, it would hurt men."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2327.867,"endTime":2332.05,"body":"One quote, you would you hear"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2327.867,"endTime":2332.05,"body":"nothing about equal pensions"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2332.05,"endTime":2337.05,"body":"or two-way alimony porn stars"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2332.05,"endTime":2337.05,"body":"such as Amber Dean Smith"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2339.19,"endTime":2341.87,"body":"and Paula Francis who had earlier declared"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2341.87,"endTime":2345.61,"body":"that, \"We have as much"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2341.87,"endTime":2345.61,"body":"interest in sex as men do,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2345.61,"endTime":2350.61,"body":"by the 1970s, began insisting"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2345.61,"endTime":2350.61,"body":"that they desired strong men."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2351.18,"endTime":2355.85,"body":"In the words of Bambi Lynn Davis,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2355.85,"endTime":2356.94,"body":"Davies, sorry,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2356.94,"endTime":2361.411,"body":"a girl naturally hasn't"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2356.94,"endTime":2361.411,"body":"the rights that a man has"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2361.411,"endTime":2365.53,"body":"and wouldn't be happy if she did."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2365.53,"endTime":2369.12,"body":"Explicitly anti-feminist men's magazines"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2369.12,"endTime":2372.98,"body":"began replacing female"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2369.12,"endTime":2372.98,"body":"friendly feminist literature."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2372.98,"endTime":2375.77,"body":"I think the most notorious of this"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2375.77,"endTime":2378.71,"body":"was the relaunch of \"Men Only,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2378.71,"endTime":2381.67,"body":"the bestselling men's magazine in the UK."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2381.67,"endTime":2386.67,"body":"March, 1971, Paul Raymond"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2381.67,"endTime":2386.67,"body":"rebranded the magazine,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2386.77,"endTime":2390.75,"body":"promising to store male dominance"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2390.75,"endTime":2395.72,"body":"and start a gentleman's"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2390.75,"endTime":2395.72,"body":"liberation movement."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2395.72,"endTime":2400.72,"body":"Raymond claimed that as"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2395.72,"endTime":2400.72,"body":"women's public sensuality"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2401.21,"endTime":2403.06,"body":"blooms and spreads,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2403.06,"endTime":2407.893,"body":"so man's correspondingly"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2403.06,"endTime":2407.893,"body":"with his and shrivels."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2408.84,"endTime":2412.12,"body":"The pill-chewing dolly bird,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2412.12,"endTime":2413.14,"body":"it's his words, of course,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2413.14,"endTime":2415.89,"body":"the pill-chewing dolly bird"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2415.89,"endTime":2418.199,"body":"along with female sexual"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2415.89,"endTime":2418.199,"body":"autonomy is represented,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2418.199,"endTime":2423.199,"body":"for example, by the use of"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2418.199,"endTime":2423.199,"body":"dildos or artificial insemination"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2423.91,"endTime":2428.58,"body":"were accused of castrating men as neatly"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2428.58,"endTime":2432.3,"body":"as a vet castrating a sheep."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2432.3,"endTime":2436.75,"body":"This was a dramatic"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2432.3,"endTime":2436.75,"body":"turnaround from the 1960s."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2436.75,"endTime":2441.15,"body":"After all in 1964, when"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2436.75,"endTime":2441.15,"body":"Raymond first launched \"King,\""},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2441.15,"endTime":2446.06,"body":"he'd spoken really"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2441.15,"endTime":2446.06,"body":"positively about progress"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2446.06,"endTime":2447.66,"body":"between the sexes."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2447.66,"endTime":2450.82,"body":"By 1971, however,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2447.66,"endTime":2450.82,"body":"Raymond's theme had become"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2450.82,"endTime":2454.7,"body":"the neutering of men by feminists."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2454.7,"endTime":2459.7,"body":"Sexual permissiveness had"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2454.7,"endTime":2459.7,"body":"birthed women's liberation"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2460.07,"endTime":2465.07,"body":"and the new pornographers"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2460.07,"endTime":2465.07,"body":"were not pleased."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2465.25,"endTime":2468.77,"body":"For feminists, the sexual revolution"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2468.77,"endTime":2471.79,"body":"obviously turned sour."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2471.79,"endTime":2473.72,"body":"While birth control,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2473.72,"endTime":2475.72,"body":"the acceptability of sex"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2475.72,"endTime":2477.61,"body":"outside of the institution of marriage"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2477.61,"endTime":2480.271,"body":"had offered women liberating ways"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2480.271,"endTime":2484.29,"body":"of thinking about their"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2480.271,"endTime":2484.29,"body":"own sexual desires,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2484.29,"endTime":2488.933,"body":"it had not translated into"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2484.29,"endTime":2488.933,"body":"more equitable treatment."},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2489.78,"endTime":2494.78,"body":"As media studies scholar,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2489.78,"endTime":2494.78,"body":"Carolyn Bronstein,"},{"speaker":"\"The People's Porn","startTime":2494.967,"endTime":2496.96,"body":"noted in a really wonderful book"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2499.95,"endTime":2503.333,"body":"The American Feminist"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2499.95,"endTime":2503.333,"body":"Anti-Pornography Movement\""},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2504.17,"endTime":2506.04,"body":"She writes that by the 1970s,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2506.04,"endTime":2508.68,"body":"feminists who had been keen advocates"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2508.68,"endTime":2513.17,"body":"of the sexual revolution of"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2508.68,"endTime":2513.17,"body":"the 1960s were disillusioned."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2513.17,"endTime":2518.17,"body":"Perhaps the whole movement"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2513.17,"endTime":2518.17,"body":"had been a male revolution"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2518.37,"endTime":2522.713,"body":"all along, leaving sexism intact."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2523.577,"endTime":2524.41,"body":"\"Where?\""},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2524.41,"endTime":2525.562,"body":"They asked."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2525.562,"endTime":2526.67,"body":"Where had men learned"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2526.67,"endTime":2531.04,"body":"to treat female sexual"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2526.67,"endTime":2531.04,"body":"desires so dismissively?"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2531.04,"endTime":2531.873,"body":"Hmm."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2531.873,"endTime":2533.66,"body":"Well, one answer they came to"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2533.66,"endTime":2538.2,"body":"was through the consumption"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2533.66,"endTime":2538.2,"body":"of the massively expanded"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2538.2,"endTime":2541.43,"body":"commercialized pornography industry,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2541.43,"endTime":2546.43,"body":"which included private"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2541.43,"endTime":2546.43,"body":"clubs, sex theaters,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2546.82,"endTime":2549.7,"body":"dirty magazines on every new stand,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2549.7,"endTime":2552.79,"body":"and sexualized television programs."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2552.79,"endTime":2557.41,"body":"Feminists observed how the"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2552.79,"endTime":2557.41,"body":"commercial sex industry"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2557.41,"endTime":2560.57,"body":"had expanded dramatically"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2560.57,"endTime":2564.103,"body":"and in ways that were"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2560.57,"endTime":2564.103,"body":"not empowering for women."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2565.25,"endTime":2570.22,"body":"For many feminists, the 1972"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2565.25,"endTime":2570.22,"body":"release of the pornographic"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2570.22,"endTime":2574.0,"body":"and wildly popular film, \"Deep Throat,\""},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2574.0,"endTime":2577.78,"body":"was symptomatic of the"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2574.0,"endTime":2577.78,"body":"anti-womenist shift."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2577.78,"endTime":2582.39,"body":"This hardcore film, which"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2577.78,"endTime":2582.39,"body":"starred Linda Boreman,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2582.39,"endTime":2584.69,"body":"otherwise known as Linda Lovelace,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2584.69,"endTime":2587.35,"body":"followed the sexual exploits of a women"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2587.35,"endTime":2591.38,"body":"whose clitoris was inside her throat."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2591.38,"endTime":2592.8,"body":"To achieve orgasm,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2592.8,"endTime":2597.113,"body":"she needed to learn the"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2592.8,"endTime":2597.113,"body":"art of deep throat facial."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2598.03,"endTime":2602.15,"body":"The film attracted these massive crowds"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2602.15,"endTime":2605.24,"body":"of middle-class women and men"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2605.24,"endTime":2607.15,"body":"who would normally have regarded"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2607.15,"endTime":2611.57,"body":"the public consumption"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2607.15,"endTime":2611.57,"body":"of pornography as dashi."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2611.57,"endTime":2614.87,"body":"Almost overnight, pornography became chic."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2614.87,"endTime":2619.17,"body":"For feminist, however, it was"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2614.87,"endTime":2619.17,"body":"a moment when they realized"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2619.17,"endTime":2624.04,"body":"what men in the liberation"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2619.17,"endTime":2624.04,"body":"movement actually thought"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2624.04,"endTime":2625.56,"body":"about women."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2625.56,"endTime":2630.56,"body":"They recognize the new pornographers"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2625.56,"endTime":2630.56,"body":"as enemies of feminism,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2631.9,"endTime":2634.38,"body":"something that Collins argued"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2634.38,"endTime":2638.7,"body":"the new pornographers"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2634.38,"endTime":2638.7,"body":"themselves had already concluded"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2638.7,"endTime":2640.47,"body":"about feminism."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2640.47,"endTime":2643.78,"body":"And this was the moment"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2640.47,"endTime":2643.78,"body":"in which feminism split"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2643.78,"endTime":2648.78,"body":"between the anti-porn warriors"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2643.78,"endTime":2648.78,"body":"and the sex-positive amazons."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2652.28,"endTime":2654.86,"body":"The division remains a powerful one"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2654.86,"endTime":2656.96,"body":"within 21st century feminism."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2656.96,"endTime":2659.02,"body":"And as I've tried to suggest,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2659.02,"endTime":2662.27,"body":"it is a historically specific split,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2662.27,"endTime":2664.1,"body":"which does not do justice"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2664.1,"endTime":2668.13,"body":"to the full range of"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2664.1,"endTime":2668.13,"body":"thinking about pornography."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2668.13,"endTime":2669.38,"body":"In this talk,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2669.38,"endTime":2673.78,"body":"I have explored some of"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2669.38,"endTime":2673.78,"body":"the diverse definitions"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2673.78,"endTime":2677.68,"body":"and expositions of pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2673.78,"endTime":2677.68,"body":"in Britain and America"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2677.68,"endTime":2679.76,"body":"from the late 18th century to the present."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2679.76,"endTime":2683.46,"body":"And I've looked at very briefly,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2679.76,"endTime":2683.46,"body":"at two points of history"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2683.46,"endTime":2688.4,"body":"where pornography explicitly"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2683.46,"endTime":2688.4,"body":"attack depressive institutions"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2688.4,"endTime":2692.4,"body":"identified as the crown,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2688.4,"endTime":2692.4,"body":"the state, and the church,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2692.4,"endTime":2696.14,"body":"along with their repressive"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2692.4,"endTime":2696.14,"body":"sexual ideologies."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2696.14,"endTime":2699.25,"body":"My chief argument has"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2696.14,"endTime":2699.25,"body":"been that pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2699.25,"endTime":2704.25,"body":"has not always objectified"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2699.25,"endTime":2704.25,"body":"or silenced women."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2704.46,"endTime":2709.46,"body":"To assume that the essence"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2704.46,"endTime":2709.46,"body":"of pornography is sexism"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2709.61,"endTime":2712.51,"body":"is to adopt a historically specific,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2712.51,"endTime":2714.64,"body":"geographically located,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2714.64,"endTime":2718.73,"body":"and very modern definition of pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2718.73,"endTime":2723.73,"body":"as critiqued by white educated"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2718.73,"endTime":2723.73,"body":"American anti-porn feminists,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2725.54,"endTime":2730.54,"body":"such as Catharine MacKinnon"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2725.54,"endTime":2730.54,"body":"and Andrea Dworkin."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2731.04,"endTime":2734.53,"body":"My focus has been on dominant"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2731.04,"endTime":2734.53,"body":"modes of pornography."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2734.53,"endTime":2738.26,"body":"However, I really at this"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2734.53,"endTime":2738.26,"body":"stage need to acknowledge"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2738.26,"endTime":2741.23,"body":"other underground"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2738.26,"endTime":2741.23,"body":"traditions of pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2741.23,"endTime":2745.06,"body":"in which political questions"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2741.23,"endTime":2745.06,"body":"have been foregrounded."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2745.06,"endTime":2749.42,"body":"Most notably sexual and gender minorities"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2749.42,"endTime":2750.88,"body":"have employed pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2750.88,"endTime":2753.65,"body":"to experiment with their identities"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2753.65,"endTime":2756.111,"body":"and ultimately forge communities"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2756.111,"endTime":2759.495,"body":"with other like-minded people."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2759.495,"endTime":2761.32,"body":"This was again, not new."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2761.32,"endTime":2765.89,"body":"After all, lesbian porn"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2761.32,"endTime":2765.89,"body":"flourished in the 19th century."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2765.89,"endTime":2767.49,"body":"And my favorite,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2767.49,"endTime":2771.16,"body":"it's a classic feminist"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2767.49,"endTime":2771.16,"body":"text of that period,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2771.16,"endTime":2773.913,"body":"is the \"Romance of Violet\""},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2775.03,"endTime":2779.12,"body":"translated from the French"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2775.03,"endTime":2779.12,"body":"into English in 1891."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2779.12,"endTime":2781.71,"body":"And what it does is it chronicles"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2781.71,"endTime":2784.69,"body":"sexually explicit lesbian sex acts,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2784.69,"endTime":2789.65,"body":"including between Countess and"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2784.69,"endTime":2789.65,"body":"an actress called Florence."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2789.65,"endTime":2791.235,"body":"Just a little footnote here,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2791.235,"endTime":2794.6,"body":"incidentally, although"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2791.235,"endTime":2794.6,"body":"the English translation"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2794.6,"endTime":2797.13,"body":"is sexually very explicit,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2797.13,"endTime":2799.98,"body":"it excludes in length the passage"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2799.98,"endTime":2802.06,"body":"in the original French text"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2802.06,"endTime":2807.06,"body":"in which the two women use a"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2802.06,"endTime":2807.06,"body":"ripe peach in genital play."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2807.23,"endTime":2809.01,"body":"Perhaps there are certain practices"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2809.01,"endTime":2811.97,"body":"beyond the pale for British lesbians."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2811.97,"endTime":2816.97,"body":"But from the 1970s,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2811.97,"endTime":2816.97,"body":"pro-sex, lesbian pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2817.14,"endTime":2821.593,"body":"started to be produced by"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2817.14,"endTime":2821.593,"body":"feminists such as Pat Califia,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2823.97,"endTime":2828.97,"body":"Honey Lee Cottrell, Susie"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2823.97,"endTime":2828.97,"body":"Bright, and Debbie Sundell."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2830.54,"endTime":2833.95,"body":"By reading or watching"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2830.54,"endTime":2833.95,"body":"lesbian pornography,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2833.95,"endTime":2836.13,"body":"women who love other women"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2836.13,"endTime":2840.55,"body":"learn to recognize their own"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2836.13,"endTime":2840.55,"body":"desires and self-sufficiency."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2840.55,"endTime":2843.04,"body":"Similarly, underground pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2843.04,"endTime":2846.65,"body":"produced during the"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2843.04,"endTime":2846.65,"body":"gay male sex revolution"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2846.65,"endTime":2850.19,"body":"included powerful critiques"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2846.65,"endTime":2850.19,"body":"of the authorities."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2850.19,"endTime":2852.73,"body":"It spread knowledge about homosexuality."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2852.73,"endTime":2855.607,"body":"It counted pervasive homophobia"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2857.3,"endTime":2860.94,"body":"and it provided"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2857.3,"endTime":2860.94,"body":"community-enhancing templates"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2860.94,"endTime":2863.1,"body":"for personal flourishing."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2863.1,"endTime":2867.7,"body":"For them, free speech was love speech."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2867.7,"endTime":2871.69,"body":"As John Champagne writes"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2871.69,"endTime":2875.6,"body":"in the Encyclopedia of"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2871.69,"endTime":2875.6,"body":"Gay and Lesbian Histories"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2875.6,"endTime":2876.433,"body":"pornography,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2876.433,"endTime":2880.17,"body":"he argues was really"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2876.433,"endTime":2880.17,"body":"important to gay men's lives."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2880.17,"endTime":2884.934,"body":"He writes, \"In a culture that"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2880.17,"endTime":2884.934,"body":"denigrates homoeroticism,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2884.934,"endTime":2889.09,"body":"pornography provides"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2884.934,"endTime":2889.09,"body":"some of the only positive"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2889.09,"endTime":2893.4,"body":"representations of gay sexuality."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2893.4,"endTime":2898.4,"body":"Even as late as the 1990s"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2893.4,"endTime":2898.4,"body":"homosexual pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2898.97,"endTime":2901.97,"body":"was one of the only sources of knowledge"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2901.97,"endTime":2905.07,"body":"and representation of gay men."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2905.07,"endTime":2908.59,"body":"Gay porn was an important way men explored"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2908.59,"endTime":2911.523,"body":"their own desires for other men."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2912.61,"endTime":2914.6,"body":"I don't want to take"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2912.61,"endTime":2914.6,"body":"this argument too far."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2914.6,"endTime":2916.204,"body":"I don't."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2916.204,"endTime":2919.039,"body":"it's not to celebrate"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2919.039,"endTime":2922.77,"body":"and critically minoritized"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2919.039,"endTime":2922.77,"body":"cultures of pornography."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2922.77,"endTime":2925.48,"body":"After all, like most modern pornography,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2925.48,"endTime":2928.34,"body":"mainstream gay and lesbian"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2925.48,"endTime":2928.34,"body":"porn has been biased"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2928.34,"endTime":2932.578,"body":"in terms of skin color, body size, age,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2932.578,"endTime":2935.39,"body":"except for a handful of stars."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2935.39,"endTime":2940.39,"body":"And here I'm thinking, oh,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2935.39,"endTime":2940.39,"body":"Bobby Blake, Brandon Lee."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2940.69,"endTime":2942.72,"body":"Except for a few exceptions,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2942.72,"endTime":2947.44,"body":"it does tend to exoticization"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2942.72,"endTime":2947.44,"body":"and orientalism."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2947.44,"endTime":2950.94,"body":"Pornography for heterosexual"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2947.44,"endTime":2950.94,"body":"women also has limits."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2950.94,"endTime":2955.27,"body":"The feminist sex industry"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2950.94,"endTime":2955.27,"body":"has grown immeasurably"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2955.27,"endTime":2960.27,"body":"since the 1970s as represented"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2955.27,"endTime":2960.27,"body":"by shops, such as Toybox,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2960.43,"endTime":2965.43,"body":"which opened in 1977 and the"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2960.43,"endTime":2965.43,"body":"1990s magazine for women."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2968.54,"endTime":2971.52,"body":"But I think there are"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2968.54,"endTime":2971.52,"body":"questions that we should ask"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2971.52,"endTime":2976.52,"body":"about the strong link"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2971.52,"endTime":2976.52,"body":"between feminist pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2976.54,"endTime":2978.97,"body":"and mordern capitalism."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2978.97,"endTime":2980.93,"body":"Who is co-opting?"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2980.93,"endTime":2982.12,"body":"Whom?"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2982.12,"endTime":2986.31,"body":"Where is the radical"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2982.12,"endTime":2986.31,"body":"punch in individualistic,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2986.31,"endTime":2989.703,"body":"capitalist orientated power feminism?"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2990.58,"endTime":2995.54,"body":"I think this question of"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2990.58,"endTime":2995.54,"body":"corruption is a important one."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2995.54,"endTime":2997.62,"body":"Pornography loves boundaries."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2997.62,"endTime":3001.89,"body":"To be sexually arousing,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":2997.62,"endTime":3001.89,"body":"it requires transgression."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3001.89,"endTime":3005.58,"body":"This is why those early"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3001.89,"endTime":3005.58,"body":"revolutionaries are here."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3005.58,"endTime":3008.49,"body":"The 18th century and"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3005.58,"endTime":3008.49,"body":"early 19th century ones"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3008.49,"endTime":3011.55,"body":"were so dangerous for the authorities."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3011.55,"endTime":3014.53,"body":"They transgressed borders,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3014.53,"endTime":3018.52,"body":"separating politics and criminality,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3018.52,"endTime":3022.03,"body":"respectability and public incitement,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3022.03,"endTime":3025.18,"body":"radicalism, and boldness."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3025.18,"endTime":3028.34,"body":"They moved in and out of"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3025.18,"endTime":3028.34,"body":"politics and criminality,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3028.34,"endTime":3031.513,"body":"depending on need for money,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3032.53,"endTime":3036.87,"body":"extent of state repression,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3032.53,"endTime":3036.87,"body":"and the existence of a market."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3036.87,"endTime":3038.74,"body":"As McKeldin booted,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3038.74,"endTime":3043.74,"body":"they kept alive a tradition"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3038.74,"endTime":3043.74,"body":"of PBN unrespectability"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3043.97,"endTime":3046.16,"body":"and irreverence in the face"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3046.16,"endTime":3049.28,"body":"of powerful countervailing forces."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3049.28,"endTime":3052.06,"body":"These obscure artistan or true radicals"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3052.06,"endTime":3056.66,"body":"and grubbed streak acts"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3052.06,"endTime":3056.66,"body":"carried into Victorian society"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3056.66,"endTime":3061.66,"body":"a ribelled, satanalian"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3056.66,"endTime":3061.66,"body":"anti-establishment culture."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3061.8,"endTime":3064.76,"body":"They sought to change society"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3064.76,"endTime":3068.04,"body":"and would cheeky enough"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3064.76,"endTime":3068.04,"body":"to you sex sassiness"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3068.04,"endTime":3073.04,"body":"and organistic reverie to do so."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3074.17,"endTime":3078.53,"body":"Finally, this should not lead"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3074.17,"endTime":3078.53,"body":"us to invest too much power"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3078.53,"endTime":3080.4,"body":"in pornography."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3080.4,"endTime":3082.58,"body":"So any one site for the construction"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3082.58,"endTime":3085.8,"body":"and maintenance of gender"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3082.58,"endTime":3085.8,"body":"and sexual identities."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3085.8,"endTime":3089.62,"body":"The three commentators"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3085.8,"endTime":3089.62,"body":"with whom I began this talk"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3089.62,"endTime":3092.07,"body":"pornographic actress, Linda Lovelace,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3092.07,"endTime":3094.2,"body":"feminist Robin Morgan,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3094.2,"endTime":3097.54,"body":"singer-songwriter, Billie Eilish,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3097.54,"endTime":3101.89,"body":"all have good reasons to"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3097.54,"endTime":3101.89,"body":"rail against pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3101.89,"endTime":3105.1,"body":"for harming themselves"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3101.89,"endTime":3105.1,"body":"and their loved ones."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3105.1,"endTime":3108.94,"body":"Lovelace was coerced into working"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3105.1,"endTime":3108.94,"body":"for a violent pornographer"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3108.94,"endTime":3110.91,"body":"from the late 1960s."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3110.91,"endTime":3114.69,"body":"Morgan saw the perversion"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3110.91,"endTime":3114.69,"body":"of the sex revolution"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3114.69,"endTime":3118.36,"body":"by misogynist pornographies in the 1970s."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3118.36,"endTime":3121.35,"body":"Eilish is a 21st century musician"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3121.35,"endTime":3123.42,"body":"in an industry dominated"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3123.42,"endTime":3127.34,"body":"by sexually abusive"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3123.42,"endTime":3127.34,"body":"producers and directors."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3127.34,"endTime":3131.85,"body":"But their experiences did"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3127.34,"endTime":3131.85,"body":"not have to be inevitable."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3131.85,"endTime":3136.85,"body":"The oppressive forms that"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3131.85,"endTime":3136.85,"body":"pornography took in their lives"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3137.26,"endTime":3139.07,"body":"could be contested."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3139.07,"endTime":3140.9,"body":"And in certain periods of history"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3140.9,"endTime":3144.81,"body":"and certain genres have been contested."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3144.81,"endTime":3148.28,"body":"If we look beyond a historically"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3148.28,"endTime":3152.18,"body":"and culturally specific"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3148.28,"endTime":3152.18,"body":"mode of pornography,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3152.18,"endTime":3155.63,"body":"it is possible to identify pornography"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3155.63,"endTime":3159.11,"body":"that resists the male gaze,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3159.11,"endTime":3164.11,"body":"includes the voices of women"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3159.11,"endTime":3164.11,"body":"and minoritized peoples"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3164.3,"endTime":3168.633,"body":"and makes pornography an empowering genre."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3170.59,"endTime":3175.59,"body":"In my first lecture, in the series on sex,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3175.73,"endTime":3179.073,"body":"I concluded by quoting bell hooks."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3180.73,"endTime":3185.14,"body":"She died on the 15th of December, 2021."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3185.14,"endTime":3186.84,"body":"And I mourn her."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3186.84,"endTime":3191.023,"body":"This is why I want to cite"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3186.84,"endTime":3191.023,"body":"her words again today."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3192.2,"endTime":3197.2,"body":"Like me, she believed that"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3192.2,"endTime":3197.2,"body":"pleasure is political."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3198.49,"endTime":3201.74,"body":"And I just want to read out one sentence"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3201.74,"endTime":3203.97,"body":"of some of her writings."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3203.97,"endTime":3208.97,"body":"She wrote, \"Our desire"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3203.97,"endTime":3208.97,"body":"for radical social change"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3210.14,"endTime":3214.373,"body":"is ultimately linked with the"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3210.14,"endTime":3214.373,"body":"desire to experience pleasure,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3215.42,"endTime":3220.42,"body":"erotic fulfillment, and a"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3215.42,"endTime":3220.42,"body":"host of other passions.\""},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3220.89,"endTime":3224.11,"body":"Pornography can involve the political,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3224.11,"endTime":3229.11,"body":"social and erotic labor or ecstatic bodies"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3229.4,"endTime":3232.883,"body":"in forging more equitable worlds."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3233.78,"endTime":3236.093,"body":"Thanks very much for"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3233.78,"endTime":3236.093,"body":"listening to me today."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3237.39,"endTime":3240.574,"body":"My next in the series is not"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3237.39,"endTime":3240.574,"body":"until the 17th of February."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3240.574,"endTime":3243.29,"body":"I'm going to be talking about sex work."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3243.29,"endTime":3246.47,"body":"Just to remind you though,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3243.29,"endTime":3246.47,"body":"previous lectures on the body,"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3246.47,"endTime":3249.46,"body":"on evil women and on"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3246.47,"endTime":3249.46,"body":"sex and modern history"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3249.46,"endTime":3251.28,"body":"can be found on the Gresham website."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3251.28,"endTime":3254.16,"body":"And indeed this talk as"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3251.28,"endTime":3254.16,"body":"well will be uploaded"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3254.16,"endTime":3256.69,"body":"to that website later."},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3256.69,"endTime":3258.14,"body":"Thanks very much and hope to see you"},{"speaker":"called \"Battling Pornography","startTime":3258.14,"endTime":3259.683,"body":"on the 17th of February."}]}