King Otto had thrown out the Arab warlords from southern France. As a thank you, the pope crowned him king of the Christians in Europe, and Otto would build an enormous empire in central Europe that became known as the Holy Roman Empire. This same king Otto was trying to establish good relations with the Arab Muslims in Spain.

Matters of Humanities: History of Islam in Europe
People are often surprised that the history of the Islam in Europe is so much more than a history of wars. It's also a story of diplomacy and trade, knowledge and arts, from Muslims living together with Christians and Europeans for centuries. Muslims and the Islam are not things that just 'happened' to Europe, they are part of Europe. In this podcast series, professor Maurits Berger talks about the history of the Islam in Europe: going back to the first Muslim who set foot in Europe, and seeing what kind of interactions have taken place between Muslims and Europeans since then.

Music
• Amina Alaoui: 'Li Ayyi Sabab' (Andalusia) • Maria del mar Bonnet: 'Tonada de Treball' (Catalonia) • New Orleans Musica da Camera: 'Ja nus hons pris…' (England/France) • Al Qantarah: 'Vicarotia' (Sicily) • Monks of abbey of Notre Dame: 'Dignus Deus Est' (Western Europe) • Begona Olavide: 'Leilun Ayib' (Andalusia) • Juan Martin: 'Lamento Morisco' (Spain) • Karolina Cicha, 'Jaz Cite' (Tatarastan) • Robert Lawaty et al.: 'Exultet hodie' (Poland)