WEBVTT 00:00:03.569 --> 00:00:15.180 Hello, everyone. 00:00:15.314 --> 00:00:24.990 Welcome to our friend, the computer. I'm Ana I am a web developer and I work in online education. 00:00:24.990 --> 00:00:32.798 And I also create art pieces such as Camila's a long time ago, which is how we met and. 00:00:32.865 --> 00:00:35.402 Yeah. Camila, how are you? 00:00:35.402 --> 00:00:36.835 I'm good. 00:00:36.835 --> 00:00:37.704 Yeah, I'm kinda. 00:00:37.704 --> 00:00:41.274 I'm a research based visual artist. 00:00:41.341 --> 00:00:45.911 I made a work that Ana commissioned curator created. 00:00:45.945 --> 00:00:48.148 That's how we met. 00:00:48.148 --> 00:00:50.015 I'm good, I. 00:00:50.015 --> 00:00:57.490 I'm in snow storm in New York, but, you know, it's my first New York winter, and. 00:00:57.557 --> 00:00:58.323 Scary. 00:00:58.323 --> 00:01:01.161 I was unprepared and prepared. 00:01:01.161 --> 00:01:04.329 I guess. Prepared via pop culture. 00:01:04.329 --> 00:01:10.436 I'm prepared for reality, but not. 00:01:10.436 --> 00:01:12.772 It took me a long time to get. 00:01:12.772 --> 00:01:15.141 It was a whole process. They went missing. 00:01:15.141 --> 00:01:16.341 It was it was horrible. 00:01:16.341 --> 00:01:23.750 But, you know, I feel like I've got I've got a cart, I've got boots, gloves, I've got a thing to go over my ears. 00:01:23.849 --> 00:01:26.585 But it's like so nice gone this weekend. 00:01:26.585 --> 00:01:28.555 And I do not want to go out. 00:01:28.555 --> 00:01:36.796 So that means you can like focus on just staying in and like writing your book and writing my book, right. 00:01:36.862 --> 00:01:39.165 Writing this, this podcast is a distraction. 00:01:39.165 --> 00:02:05.325 Writing episode after episode of this podcast is a distraction for me because I am writing a book and have been writing a book for a while and, you know, like a lot of my projects, this book is a couple of different topics that I wish together for fun. And, you know, I got to a moment this week where I was like, maybe this maybe this is like two different books. 00:02:05.325 --> 00:02:09.329 Maybe it doesn't go together. 00:02:05.325 --> 00:02:14.266 So I'm not in a great place, but it's better than like not having enough information for a book, right? 00:02:14.300 --> 00:02:16.802 Like, you don't want to have writer's block. 00:02:16.802 --> 00:02:24.510 You're having like the opposite of writer's block where there's just like, too much, too much inspiration coming in in you. 00:02:24.576 --> 00:02:26.778 That's me. That's me in my book. 00:02:24.576 --> 00:02:26.778 What are you. 00:02:26.778 --> 00:02:29.048 What are you up to these days? 00:02:29.048 --> 00:02:38.290 I am kind of just like, looking forward to my ballet sessions every Monday session. 00:02:38.390 --> 00:02:41.561 Yeah, I have a class, Like I go to regular classes. 00:02:41.561 --> 00:02:42.996 A class? Okay. 00:02:42.996 --> 00:02:45.164 Yeah, I just kind of like looking forward to that. 00:02:45.164 --> 00:02:46.366 Really. I don't know. 00:02:46.366 --> 00:02:49.401 Have you seen the movie center stage? 00:02:49.602 --> 00:02:52.004 No, I haven't. 00:02:52.004 --> 00:02:52.771 It's amazing. 00:02:52.771 --> 00:02:55.608 It's set at the like. 00:02:55.608 --> 00:02:56.709 I think it's not a real thing. 00:02:56.709 --> 00:03:23.269 It's like the New York Ballet Academy, and it's this, like, ragtag group of friends, and they're dealing with, like, bureaucracy of the ballet academy and the ballet world and trying to navigate having it, because most of them have, like, grown up doing ballet and and they've been on this pathway to where they are now and maybe not even considering if that is what they want. 00:03:23.336 --> 00:03:26.673 Yeah, there's a really great Jamie Maguire dance sequence. 00:03:26.739 --> 00:03:33.179 It's the cheesiest movie in the world, but it brings me a lot of choice or, Oh my God, I'm going to watch it. 00:03:33.212 --> 00:03:35.914 I'm going to watch it when I. That sounds amazing. 00:03:35.914 --> 00:03:44.490 Any kind of like story about trying to challenge the institution just so that you can express yourself? 00:03:44.556 --> 00:03:47.727 Yeah, the institution and your parents. 00:03:47.759 --> 00:03:51.129 Yes. So big recommend everyone out there. 00:03:51.230 --> 00:03:56.735 Center stage, very old movie theater like movie club for the. 00:03:56.868 --> 00:03:59.572 I don't think there's any tech in center stage. 00:03:59.572 --> 00:04:00.573 That's what I want. 00:04:00.573 --> 00:04:03.575 I don't I don't think they have phones. 00:04:03.610 --> 00:04:06.579 Good. Just dance. 00:04:06.645 --> 00:04:10.449 Just dancing. 00:04:10.515 --> 00:04:18.391 Amazing opposing to ballet and expressing yourself through your body. 00:04:18.458 --> 00:04:30.870 We're going to talk about the personal system, which is expressing yourself through digital communication, but not even that really, because it wasn't even used for individuals. 00:04:30.870 --> 00:04:32.170 It was never brought to the public. 00:04:32.170 --> 00:04:44.416 But yeah, today I'm talking about presto, which was a an interactive video tech system basically developed by the U.K. 00:04:44.449 --> 00:04:54.694 post office and the telecommunications for data technology during the late 1970s and launched in 79. 00:04:54.761 --> 00:05:01.100 So very different, very different to ballet, very different to our hobbies. 00:05:01.199 --> 00:05:03.302 I think it's cool to look at. 00:05:03.302 --> 00:05:15.213 Yeah, all these other versions of video text that were coming up and existing in the sort of eighties nineties and how they failed. 00:05:15.480 --> 00:05:28.627 Yeah, because essentially Presto was a system that like dovetailed switchboard operation to dialing local codes just like Beneteau. 00:05:28.694 --> 00:05:32.497 But you could do it yourself at home and in the U.K. 00:05:32.497 --> 00:05:44.242 that really revolutionized like telecommunication and switchboards weren't really needed and messaging was provided as well through Presto. 00:05:44.310 --> 00:06:10.802 So kind of like what's really interesting is that our current Internet protocol suite, which again, I did mention in minute to the way that we like transmit data on a connected network is very reminiscent of Press Dell system because it used a request and receive transmission and it also operated via a display screen. 00:06:10.802 --> 00:06:14.940 So again, very similar to how we use the Internet now. 00:06:14.940 --> 00:06:24.617 Yeah, it wasn't really used by the public, so it never really got the chance to like evolve in terms of its hardware. 00:06:24.716 --> 00:06:29.021 But the kind of history around it is is quite interesting. 00:06:29.088 --> 00:06:36.194 So the post Office telecommunications was set up as like a separate department of the U.K. 00:06:36.194 --> 00:06:42.267 post office, and that was happening in October 1969 and the UK post office. 00:06:42.267 --> 00:06:44.836 That's like part of the government, right? 00:06:44.836 --> 00:06:46.505 Yeah, Yeah. Okay. 00:06:46.505 --> 00:07:07.125 But then there were some hiccups to how it shifted between nationalization and privatization, because the Post Office Act in 1969 was passed to provide for greater efficiency in post and telephone services. 00:07:07.293 --> 00:07:17.870 Rather than run a range of services, each organization would be able to like focus on their respective service with dedicated management. 00:07:17.970 --> 00:07:38.290 And so the national telephone company controlled most of telephony in Britain before the 1880 ruling of the Telegraph Act, which happened in 1869, which mandated a national AI service, and that was kind of instated in 1911. 00:07:38.290 --> 00:07:42.127 So really, a really long time ago before telephones were even invented. 00:07:42.194 --> 00:07:44.764 I really like the word telephony. 00:07:44.764 --> 00:07:50.302 Yeah, I don't hear it enough these days has been coming up so much in these research. 00:07:50.302 --> 00:07:50.970 Yeah. 00:07:50.970 --> 00:07:55.040 Telephony as in like telephone networks. 00:07:55.240 --> 00:07:58.877 And you don't really think about telephone networks that much, right? 00:07:58.978 --> 00:08:05.184 I mean, maybe now you do because you have things like group calls that are so much more popular. 00:08:05.184 --> 00:08:12.158 But I kind of just think of it as just like a user to user one on one interaction. 00:08:12.158 --> 00:08:16.461 Yeah, shout out to my group chat always. 00:08:16.562 --> 00:08:32.979 So this like telegraph act granted this monopoly over communications and it was confirmed in 1880 that this act included telephony, even though the telephones had not even been invented. 00:08:32.979 --> 00:08:41.486 When the act was first conceived, because obviously telephones are like a by product of the telegraph. 00:08:41.553 --> 00:08:45.091 So it included telephones. 00:08:45.157 --> 00:08:54.866 But this was great news because it meant that telephony was nationalized and it was government owned and it was state funded, built by the taxpayer. 00:08:54.866 --> 00:09:23.863 And this kind of like maintained a stable technological growth throughout the nation in the seventies, which was also a huge time of like post industrialization, used a lot and like the bureaucratic and financialization boom in the UK, as it, like I said, entered a post-industrial era and eventually also led to a fun little invention called view data. 00:09:23.929 --> 00:09:27.600 So if you data is just like another word for videos. 00:09:27.600 --> 00:09:29.869 Hex is that how it works? 00:09:29.869 --> 00:09:30.469 Yeah. 00:09:30.469 --> 00:09:35.541 So view data is a video text implementation. 00:09:35.640 --> 00:09:44.750 It's a type of information retrieval service in which a subscriber can access a remote data base. 00:09:44.850 --> 00:09:54.894 It can request data and receive requested data on a video display over a separate channel from the carrier channel. 00:09:54.961 --> 00:10:10.909 So it sounds complicated, but basically it's just like two objects that are connected and work in a supplemental way via varying channels that serve different purposes. 00:10:11.009 --> 00:10:15.480 So that's like one channel is for sending and one channel is for receiving. 00:10:15.548 --> 00:10:16.749 Yeah, Yeah. 00:10:16.749 --> 00:10:32.999 I mean, like sometimes what I think about these systems, I remember how cyber sin was imagined by Allende, which is what we talked about in the first episode as like a metabolic cardiovascular body because he was a doctor. 00:10:32.999 --> 00:11:01.693 But also like you mentioned, you know, obviously the president and that is an area of Chile's digitalized plan dichotomy is something very much like the kind of circulatory system where you have veins as channels acting as different transmission services to the server or heart, and then the other organs that are like display ports or input terminals, because essentially it is just like, oh, heart. 00:11:01.793 --> 00:11:08.200 Yeah, because it is just like an input and output system at the end of the day. 00:11:08.234 --> 00:12:00.152 But yeah, so Samuel Farida, who had the idea for view data in 1968, was the inventor of the system which was developed while working for the British Post Office, which was the operator of the national telephone system and the Access request and reception transmissions usually flowed via a common carrier broadcast channel and it was different to teletext because it was able to sustain a large number of frames, each access less frequently, whereas teletext could only hold a limited amount of information frames for which there is a high demand such as, you know, news headlines, sports results and weather reports. 00:12:00.318 --> 00:12:04.690 Just like what Minato was using a lot. 00:12:04.756 --> 00:12:08.626 I think that in my research I was looking at other things. 00:12:08.626 --> 00:12:16.000 But I do think that Minato got some inspiration from Presto, right? 00:12:16.034 --> 00:12:23.341 Because they were they were the one the presto while view data was sort of the he invented it for the first time. 00:12:23.341 --> 00:12:25.811 Right? It wasn't just like this particular system. 00:12:25.811 --> 00:12:26.077 Yeah. 00:12:26.077 --> 00:12:29.248 I mean they were it was all happening at the same time. 00:12:29.248 --> 00:12:32.118 So they must have that informing each other. 00:12:32.118 --> 00:12:39.524 But again, these are different nations and they had different uses and it was a different context. 00:12:39.524 --> 00:12:50.635 So it makes sense that you would have different view data and video text depending on the nation because they had to be separate companies in a way. 00:12:50.635 --> 00:12:59.544 But I think it's important to note just how similar this operation work to our current Internet protocol suite. 00:12:59.611 --> 00:13:11.389 So HTP is like our current data communication standard on the internet and does this via a STP request because it's it's stateless. 00:13:11.389 --> 00:13:21.332 So this means that Web servers store no session information about the user agent between sequential requests. 00:13:21.332 --> 00:13:31.777 So basically, like each client request must contain all the information required to retrieve the resources requested. 00:13:31.844 --> 00:13:38.216 And this is done through entering a URL in your browser tab. 00:13:38.283 --> 00:13:46.192 So you're basically like constantly communicating to the server and asking it to do things because it doesn't really remember itself. 00:13:46.292 --> 00:14:07.479 And so you've got the HTP port, which is what we talked about briefly, is similar to minutos 3615 access codes and then it's so that's like the protocol and then the user ID or server domain, it follows that afterwards. 00:14:07.479 --> 00:14:12.116 So you've got like w, w, w dot google.com or whatever. 00:14:12.183 --> 00:14:22.293 And then after that there's there's more query information and it goes into more and more specific detail after that in the browser tab. 00:14:22.360 --> 00:14:39.845 So yeah, when you use the Internet, you usually request a resource request, a method which is the same as view data, except now with your internet, we can also send data to the server and delete a remote resource. 00:14:39.912 --> 00:14:42.681 So it's just a little bit more advanced. 00:14:42.681 --> 00:14:47.452 Anyway, enough about the technicalities and sorry about that. 00:14:47.552 --> 00:14:49.020 But yeah. 00:14:49.020 --> 00:15:03.601 So although there were similarities between the internet and Presto, Presnell was also launched during the 1970s, which was a period of great expansion for the post office. 00:15:03.668 --> 00:15:07.172 But progress came at a price. 00:15:07.172 --> 00:15:19.751 Investment was stifled by public spending limits, and the Conservatives came into power, decided that telecommunications should be fully separated from the post office. 00:15:19.751 --> 00:15:25.591 In 1979, literally the year Thatcher was voted in as Prime Minister. 00:15:25.591 --> 00:15:30.461 So it was like her first thing on the list. 00:15:30.562 --> 00:15:34.832 But thankfully Presto had already been invented by then. 00:15:34.899 --> 00:15:51.716 It was also with great luck that the Telegraph act from all the way back in 1869 confirmed the nationalization of telephony, even though the telephone had not been invented yet at the time. 00:15:51.783 --> 00:16:07.732 It's it's funny, looking at the connection between phones and Internet or, you know, these precursors to Internet because, you know, like, of course they're connected. 00:16:07.832 --> 00:16:18.443 You know, my memories of early Internet, of the sort of dial up going through the phone line, you know, someone in the family wants to use the phone. 00:16:18.443 --> 00:16:42.835 So you have to get off the Internet. Oh, but I hadn't really thought about what that meant for like further in the past in history where we're looking at like telegraph, telephone and then I guess this like viewed data, video, text, teletext stuff that uses fine lines. 00:16:42.868 --> 00:16:53.379 So it's all about at this point, it's still thinking of communication like smart phones are like they need the internet right to be smart. 00:16:53.379 --> 00:17:06.791 I mean, they're smart in their own right, but I use Internet services on my phone more than I use like my telephone, but it's still like the phone company that I'm going through. 00:17:06.892 --> 00:17:11.096 It's the phone company that does that, like 4G, 5G. 00:17:11.163 --> 00:17:32.116 And yeah, they're still so integrated with each other, but we've actually moved on so much from get a phone meant you know in the past that yeah like I wonder if there was a point or a world where like they could have been separated. 00:17:32.217 --> 00:17:39.057 I think they definitely did splice off like especially when you started paying for those services. 00:17:39.057 --> 00:17:39.525 Separate. 00:17:39.525 --> 00:17:45.431 Lee So you were paying for your credit Bill but then you're also paying for your data Bill. 00:17:45.431 --> 00:17:59.711 But I mean, you definitely can't really have one without the other when you think about the development of these services because, you know, without the post office telecommunications technology, we wouldn't have had presto. 00:17:59.778 --> 00:18:08.519 I think most countries also have a shift of nationalization to privatization of the phone companies. 00:18:08.586 --> 00:18:12.156 I know that we had that in Australia with Telstra. 00:18:12.223 --> 00:18:32.944 Yeah, and, you know, judging by the similarities and timeline of Presto, also, and the kind of like starting points of hypertext transfer protocol like press done may have inspired a request and received standard of data communication that informed the design of HTP. 00:18:33.010 --> 00:18:45.423 And you know, while it may have been a commercial failure, technically at least presto worked and so it never actually launched into public. 00:18:45.490 --> 00:19:06.077 Unfortunately, it was halted by the Conservatives and the basic concept was demonstrated by sound giving, you know, thousands of people a glimpse of like an online world that would later become very commonplace, very much part of the everyday like we have now on our phones. 00:19:06.077 --> 00:19:41.313 Even if it's funny, I while I was doing research for this and kind of writing up the plan for this episode, I kept confusing presto with Preston like presto sounds suspiciously similar to Preston, and Preston is like a city in Lancashire, but also like refers to the to the term the Preston model, which is very well known here in the UK because it's applied to this like socialist building community building model. 00:19:41.313 --> 00:19:54.559 It's applied to how the like council, it's anchor institutions and other partners are implementing the principles of community wealth building in its area. 00:19:54.660 --> 00:19:58.596 So it's just like very left wing and focuses on local community building. 00:19:58.663 --> 00:20:01.299 Yeah, I just, I thought that was quite funny. 00:20:01.299 --> 00:20:13.377 I like to think that maybe there's a link in the like nomenclature, but I know it's only because I was writing this podcast up very late at night and the words were glaring together. 00:20:13.444 --> 00:20:34.266 Preston's also a suburb in Melbourne, I'm sure named after some someone that we don't want to give airtime to, but it's kind of a sort of outer in a suburb that a lot of the a lot of artists and a lot of arts organizations and galleries are kind of moving out there. 00:20:34.333 --> 00:20:47.645 Isn't there A song by Courtney Barnett, something to do with Preston and her like depressed and depressed, depressed and model. 00:20:47.712 --> 00:20:49.615 That's me. 00:20:49.615 --> 00:20:52.483 If I would say that to someone here, they'd be like, Shut up. 00:20:52.483 --> 00:20:54.519 It's not. 00:20:54.519 --> 00:20:56.255 The Preston model is amazing. 00:20:56.255 --> 00:21:00.558 But anyway, back to the bad news. 00:21:00.659 --> 00:21:15.406 Unlike the Preston model by 1981, I think Thatcher's British Telecommunications Act was passed and the service became British Telecom. 00:21:15.507 --> 00:21:21.413 So it became privatized and it became under, you know, private company ownership. 00:21:21.413 --> 00:21:31.589 And, you know, I've heard about the miners and everything, but I had no idea that the conservative privatized these services is as well. 00:21:31.656 --> 00:21:33.291 At the exact same times. 00:21:33.291 --> 00:21:35.460 They must have been really busy. 00:21:35.460 --> 00:21:45.369 And all the acts that were passed, imagine like the amount of meetings and the motivation got privatized as much as possible, as fast as possible. 00:21:45.604 --> 00:21:52.411 Yeah, it's it's really it's really crazy how how much damage they did at the time. 00:21:52.411 --> 00:22:00.152 And now, you know BT is run on a profit model and allows for competitors to join in. 00:22:00.152 --> 00:22:09.193 Vodafone was founded in 1982, which was actually suspiciously close to the passing of the policy because it was only one year later. 00:22:09.294 --> 00:22:23.709 So they must have known before the act was passed that they must have been building at O2, started in 2000, TalkTalk and three in 2003, Virgin Media in 2007. 00:22:23.741 --> 00:22:26.144 You have a company called TalkTalk. 00:22:26.144 --> 00:22:29.381 Yeah, that's great. E In 2012. 00:22:29.381 --> 00:22:34.286 So like all of these companies were really sprouting up very, very, very quickly. 00:22:34.353 --> 00:22:59.411 The I mean, it's been 30 years and unfortunately it would still be impossible even with all these companies, it would be impossible to imagine any of these companies inventing anything that would remotely come close to a thing like presto at that time, a system that literally invented request and receive relationships of data transferring. 00:22:59.478 --> 00:23:09.520 And, you know, I understand that, yeah, things have been invented and there's only like a limit to all the things that you can invent when it comes to technology. 00:23:09.621 --> 00:23:26.337 But we all know that BT Vodafone, EE would never come close to thinking of a new way of communication or like an alternative to their communication system that would actually kind of benefit people. 00:23:26.404 --> 00:23:26.971 I suppose. 00:23:26.971 --> 00:23:33.912 Like it's always a risk to value these things and if it's a for profit company. 00:23:33.912 --> 00:23:35.513 Exactly. 00:23:35.513 --> 00:23:37.749 They obviously the chances of it failing. 00:23:37.749 --> 00:23:39.617 Yeah. Yeah. 00:23:39.617 --> 00:23:40.951 High risk. Yeah. 00:23:40.951 --> 00:24:02.740 I guess that these are all now like for profit companies and so they're not going to take that risk to like that's completely rebuild the the system and come up with something completely new because the chances of that working our way lower than them just continuing and increasing. 00:24:02.740 --> 00:24:03.541 Yeah. 00:24:03.541 --> 00:24:16.688 Which is sort of interesting that Facebook meta is doing this whole Metaverse rebrand and project push because I suppose they're doing it because they realized that Facebook was becoming a bit irrelevant. 00:24:16.688 --> 00:24:23.929 And, you know, all of these startup tech companies have to think of new ways to develop and change. 00:24:23.929 --> 00:24:26.263 Yeah, as things move on for sure. 00:24:26.263 --> 00:24:34.271 And they're basically just like, you know, working off of something that they've already invented and then seeing what works and what doesn't. 00:24:34.271 --> 00:24:39.678 And then it's, it's, it's just very like low risk and very boring and very unnecessary. 00:24:39.678 --> 00:24:59.364 And I actually like research this episode before the launch of Zuckerberg's Metaverse trailer and, you know, the VR and AR trailer and the nations economy for the UK when Preston was happening, was expanding and its communications needed to keep up. 00:24:59.364 --> 00:25:09.941 And Preston was in part a solution to this, or at least an offshoot or side project in the search for solutions. 00:25:10.008 --> 00:25:30.394 But with Metaverse, like it's weird because we're talking about the technological kind of development under capitalism here, like the historical development that was going through stages of coastal industrialization and moving into financialization in the seventies and eighties. 00:25:30.461 --> 00:25:46.111 And this technology was being used to optimize for increasingly high frequency and high risk financial interactions rather than like building out materials and infrastructure and things in the world. 00:25:46.176 --> 00:25:57.622 And it becomes very efficient at like just moving numbers and symbols on a spreadsheet rather than like building factories, jobs, roads, cars and everything else. 00:25:57.622 --> 00:26:05.163 But it's interesting that Preston was essentially an infrastructure that facilitated that shift. 00:26:05.163 --> 00:26:15.941 And now we're like in this weird era where things like metaverse are being invented and it's not even like part of financialisation anymore that much. 00:26:15.941 --> 00:26:17.375 It's not, I don't know. 00:26:17.375 --> 00:26:32.723 It's like harnessing boredom and bringing augmented reality and virtual reality because of the public's like mass gatherings of reality or like disillusioned perception of society and the world. 00:26:32.790 --> 00:26:36.094 It's like political and physical climate. 00:26:36.161 --> 00:26:45.670 Yeah, it's just like it's very dystopian because it really represents this like general decline of, like the belief in the environment. 00:26:45.670 --> 00:26:56.047 Like, why are we building a 3D air world where we can interact when like the world beneath our feet is literally like collapsing? 00:26:56.114 --> 00:27:08.492 It's just, it's basically kind of like post financialization era that technology is, it's like now the attention economy now, you know, selling our personal data as well. 00:27:08.559 --> 00:27:10.060 Exactly. 00:27:10.060 --> 00:27:11.895 So super weird. 00:27:11.895 --> 00:27:26.010 But Crystal is interesting because it provided, like I said, an infrastructure of that shift in capitalism, which was coming from industrialization to financialization. 00:27:26.010 --> 00:27:35.053 And like the growth of bureaucracy, I hadn't realized that presto hadn't really been used by the public in the UK. 00:27:35.119 --> 00:27:39.223 No, I knew that it wasn't as big as minute hell in France. 00:27:39.324 --> 00:27:46.765 But yeah, I hadn't realized that because I had noticed that there were like a couple of different video text protocols that were used throughout. 00:27:46.765 --> 00:27:53.570 Mostly it was developed in Europe, but it's expanded into Asia and parts of Latin America. 00:27:53.570 --> 00:28:09.354 And North America, I think had their own protocols, but I think presto and the Minato protocols were two of the main ones that other countries were also using. 00:28:09.421 --> 00:28:16.060 So it's interesting that Presto actually never like it was more like a research project. 00:28:16.060 --> 00:28:32.109 Yeah, but it's also extremely important to still talk about why it never came into fruition because of the Conservatives and because it went under privatization and private telecommunication companies just took over. 00:28:32.210 --> 00:28:39.817 So it's just as an important story to talk about as the ones that actually came into the public. 00:28:39.884 --> 00:28:49.094 I also found out that when you asked about the name, apparently Presto is just an abbreviation from Press Telephone. 00:28:49.193 --> 00:28:55.099 So it's kind of a bit more of a boring that's disappointing symbology. 00:28:55.099 --> 00:29:03.273 Two minute till press and tell and telephone press like newspapers. 00:29:03.273 --> 00:29:03.741 Yeah. 00:29:03.741 --> 00:29:06.678 Because it came out of the post office, right. 00:29:06.678 --> 00:29:07.578 Yeah. 00:29:07.578 --> 00:29:16.520 So yeah that is the, the history of the unfortunate little UK press model. 00:29:16.621 --> 00:29:32.670 But the that invention and even presto protocol itself continued to exist and influence other networks for quite a while after it stopped happening in the UK. 00:29:32.670 --> 00:29:34.939 Sure. Yeah that's true. 00:29:34.939 --> 00:29:35.339 It did. 00:29:35.339 --> 00:29:39.009 And formula and in terms of its research. 00:29:39.076 --> 00:29:51.623 But I think it's also good to think of it as like a motivational story that can like influencer anger towards the Tories and really like said them in a bad light. 00:29:51.722 --> 00:30:00.731 Yeah, I think it's interesting to talk about these little snippets of history and the building of technology and really analyze that. 00:30:00.731 --> 00:30:10.775 Like nationalizing these developments is just the best way of going about it, especially when you're building the foundations of an infrastructure. 00:30:10.842 --> 00:30:13.711 Yeah, What's going to be happening in the future episodes? 00:30:13.711 --> 00:30:17.981 What are we oh for? 00:30:18.048 --> 00:30:20.852 I was researching a bonus episode. 00:30:20.852 --> 00:30:28.393 I was trying to find something kind of connected with this, and I found something that is connected solely by country rather than by network. 00:30:28.459 --> 00:30:43.106 But we're going to be looking at a soap opera, a text based soap opera called Park Avenue, that existed on Oracle, which was a UK teletext service. 00:30:43.173 --> 00:30:51.115 I am sorry about this episode was a little like dense with the technicalities and like the dates and the stats. 00:30:51.148 --> 00:30:53.116 Know that those dates are really important. 00:30:53.116 --> 00:30:57.689 It was cool to like look at dates back into the 1800s in the late 1800. 00:30:57.689 --> 00:30:58.789 Really? Yeah. 00:30:58.789 --> 00:31:04.628 The little like policy loopholes that actually allowed it to be developed. 00:31:04.863 --> 00:31:05.930 Yeah. 00:31:05.930 --> 00:31:14.071 And I, I enjoy your your tech your tech talk because I'm more of a I'm more of a history person. 00:31:14.338 --> 00:31:19.509 That's why we're a team baby. Yeah. Yeah. 00:31:19.576 --> 00:31:19.911 Right. 00:31:19.911 --> 00:31:26.183 Well, thanks everyone for listening and Will will catch you all in the next one. 00:31:26.250 --> 00:31:27.285 Goodbye. 00:31:27.285 --> 00:31:28.853 Yeah, see you soon, everyone. 00:31:28.853 --> 00:31:32.490 Enjoy watching center stage. Yeah. 00:31:32.557 --> 00:31:33.557 All right. Bye.