{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Sound Effect","startTime":0.09,"endTime":0.12,"body":"[music]"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1.08,"endTime":3.27,"body":"Welcome to"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1.08,"endTime":3.27,"body":"\"Cultivating Curiosity,\" where"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":3.27,"endTime":6.24,"body":"we get down and dirty with the"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":3.27,"endTime":6.24,"body":"experts on all the ways science"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":6.24,"endTime":9.51,"body":"and agriculture touch our lives,"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":6.24,"endTime":9.51,"body":"from what we eat to how we live."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":11.28,"endTime":12.57,"body":"I'm Emily Davenport."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":12.96,"endTime":15.03,"body":"And I'm Jordan"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":12.96,"endTime":15.03,"body":"Powers. And we're from the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":15.03,"endTime":17.79,"body":"University of Georgia's College"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":15.03,"endTime":17.79,"body":"of Agricultural and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":17.79,"endTime":19.29,"body":"Environmental Sciences."},{"speaker":"Sound Effect","startTime":19.29,"endTime":19.32,"body":"[chime]"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":21.01,"endTime":23.95,"body":"So we are here"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":21.01,"endTime":23.95,"body":"today with Dr. Franklin West,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":23.98,"endTime":27.04,"body":"Professor in the CAES,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":23.98,"endTime":27.04,"body":"Department of Animal and Dairy"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":27.04,"endTime":30.85,"body":"Science and executive committee"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":27.04,"endTime":30.85,"body":"member of the UGA Regenerative"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":30.88,"endTime":33.88,"body":"Bioscience Center. Dr. West,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":30.88,"endTime":33.88,"body":"thank you for joining us today."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":34.08,"endTime":35.82,"body":"Thank you for"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":34.08,"endTime":35.82,"body":"inviting me. I'm excited to be"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":35.82,"endTime":37.11,"body":"here and talk about what we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":35.82,"endTime":37.11,"body":"doing."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":37.26,"endTime":39.78,"body":"Absolutely. Well,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":37.26,"endTime":39.78,"body":"as we get started, can you tell"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":39.78,"endTime":42.06,"body":"us a little bit about your"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":39.78,"endTime":42.06,"body":"background? And what drew you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":42.06,"endTime":43.8,"body":"into Animal and Dairy Science?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":43.99,"endTime":46.6,"body":"Yes, well, I've"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":43.99,"endTime":46.6,"body":"always been really excited about"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":46.6,"endTime":50.53,"body":"biology. So, my dad was in the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":46.6,"endTime":50.53,"body":"military, and we lived in Italy."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":50.83,"endTime":53.08,"body":"And I remember, as a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":50.83,"endTime":53.08,"body":"four-year-old, my father helped"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":53.08,"endTime":56.47,"body":"me put together a net and we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":53.08,"endTime":56.47,"body":"would go outside to the field"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":56.47,"endTime":61.12,"body":"next to our house. And we would"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":56.47,"endTime":61.12,"body":"collect crickets and hornets and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":61.12,"endTime":63.7,"body":"all kinds of things. And we'd"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":61.12,"endTime":63.7,"body":"put them in a jar and observe"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":63.7,"endTime":66.94,"body":"them for a couple of days and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":63.7,"endTime":66.94,"body":"take notes on their behaviors."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":66.94,"endTime":69.76,"body":"And then we'd let them go the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":66.94,"endTime":69.76,"body":"day after. So that kind of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":69.76,"endTime":74.08,"body":"started my love with biology in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":69.76,"endTime":74.08,"body":"general. And since then, I was"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":74.08,"endTime":77.74,"body":"really excited about science."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":74.08,"endTime":77.74,"body":"And so in college, I actually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":77.74,"endTime":80.83,"body":"did a lot of research with a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":77.74,"endTime":80.83,"body":"gentleman named Dr. Lawrence"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":80.83,"endTime":84.52,"body":"Blumer, and Morehouse in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":80.83,"endTime":84.52,"body":"Atlanta. And we studied things"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":84.52,"endTime":88.0,"body":"like mate choice and bean"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":84.52,"endTime":88.0,"body":"beatles. And then ultimately, it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":88.0,"endTime":91.21,"body":"led to an internship at"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":88.0,"endTime":91.21,"body":"Princeton University with Jeanne"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":91.21,"endTime":94.78,"body":"Altman. And we were studying"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":91.21,"endTime":94.78,"body":"yellow baboons. And I got to go"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":94.78,"endTime":99.19,"body":"on a trip to Kenya. And so it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":94.78,"endTime":99.19,"body":"was really exciting. We were"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":99.22,"endTime":102.61,"body":"studying yellow baboons, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":99.22,"endTime":102.61,"body":"their mate choice and how"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":102.64,"endTime":106.27,"body":"drought affected their"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":102.64,"endTime":106.27,"body":"hierarchy. And so I just really"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":106.27,"endTime":109.48,"body":"have been excited about science"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":106.27,"endTime":109.48,"body":"since the beginning, so to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":109.48,"endTime":110.23,"body":"speak, so."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":110.32,"endTime":111.94,"body":"And what"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":110.32,"endTime":111.94,"body":"specifically drew you into"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":111.94,"endTime":113.26,"body":"Animal and Dairy Science?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":113.29,"endTime":115.57,"body":"So because of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":113.29,"endTime":115.57,"body":"those earlier experiences, I was"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":115.57,"endTime":117.1,"body":"excited about ecology."},{"speaker":"Sound Effect","startTime":117.1,"endTime":117.13,"body":"[chime]"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":118.24,"endTime":120.55,"body":"Ecology is the"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":118.24,"endTime":120.55,"body":"study of understanding how"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":120.55,"endTime":123.1,"body":"organisms interact with each"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":120.55,"endTime":123.1,"body":"other and their environment."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":123.13,"endTime":126.76,"body":"Biotechnology harnesses"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":123.13,"endTime":126.76,"body":"biological processes to help in"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":126.76,"endTime":128.5,"body":"the development of new"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":126.76,"endTime":128.5,"body":"technology."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":128.5,"endTime":128.53,"body":"[chime]"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":129.67,"endTime":132.49,"body":"And I wanted to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":129.67,"endTime":132.49,"body":"combine that with biotechnology."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":132.49,"endTime":135.73,"body":"And so there's another faculty"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":132.49,"endTime":135.73,"body":"member in the department who is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":135.73,"endTime":140.38,"body":"my mentor, Steve Stice, he was"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":135.73,"endTime":140.38,"body":"interested in cloning. And so I"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":140.38,"endTime":144.61,"body":"was excited about combining"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":140.38,"endTime":144.61,"body":"endangered species conservation"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":144.64,"endTime":148.09,"body":"with cloning. And so just to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":144.64,"endTime":148.09,"body":"kind of put that in perspective,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":148.09,"endTime":152.47,"body":"every year a Florida panther is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":148.09,"endTime":152.47,"body":"hit by a car, and so that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":152.68,"endTime":156.19,"body":"narrows the gene pool, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":152.68,"endTime":156.19,"body":"Florida panthers are at a point"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":156.19,"endTime":158.95,"body":"where every time they lose a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":156.19,"endTime":158.95,"body":"panther, the gene pool gets"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":158.95,"endTime":161.26,"body":"smaller and smaller. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":158.95,"endTime":161.26,"body":"essentially, they're breeding"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":161.26,"endTime":164.2,"body":"cousins to cousins. And so they"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":161.26,"endTime":164.2,"body":"have all kinds of health issues."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":164.56,"endTime":168.16,"body":"And so the thought was, well,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":164.56,"endTime":168.16,"body":"maybe you could collect a biopsy"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":168.16,"endTime":171.01,"body":"of a piece of tissue from these"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":168.16,"endTime":171.01,"body":"Florida panthers that had just"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":171.01,"endTime":174.34,"body":"died, clone those individuals"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":171.01,"endTime":174.34,"body":"and reintroduce their genetics"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":174.34,"endTime":178.33,"body":"back into the population. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":174.34,"endTime":178.33,"body":"I joined the department as a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":178.33,"endTime":181.87,"body":"graduate student in his"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":178.33,"endTime":181.87,"body":"laboratory. And he was doing"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":181.87,"endTime":184.78,"body":"some really exciting stuff, in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":181.87,"endTime":184.78,"body":"addition to cloning with stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":184.78,"endTime":190.0,"body":"cells. And so then we started"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":184.78,"endTime":190.0,"body":"playing with stem cells, for a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":190.0,"endTime":193.21,"body":"variety of reasons. But one"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":190.0,"endTime":193.21,"body":"project was, we're turning stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":193.21,"endTime":196.84,"body":"cells, human stem cells into"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":193.21,"endTime":196.84,"body":"sperm. And the idea was, we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":196.84,"endTime":201.1,"body":"going to be able to use that for"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":196.84,"endTime":201.1,"body":"infertile couples. But the way"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":201.1,"endTime":204.82,"body":"that ties back into endangered"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":201.1,"endTime":204.82,"body":"species is, we can now take a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":204.82,"endTime":208.27,"body":"skin cell from that Florida"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":204.82,"endTime":208.27,"body":"panther that got hit by the car"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":208.6,"endTime":211.81,"body":"and turn that into a stem cell"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":208.6,"endTime":211.81,"body":"and turn that into sperm, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":211.81,"endTime":214.72,"body":"use that as an assisted"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":211.81,"endTime":214.72,"body":"reproductive technology. So,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":214.93,"endTime":217.66,"body":"we've been hanging out together,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":214.93,"endTime":217.66,"body":"me and Steve, for years. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":217.66,"endTime":220.66,"body":"these are the kinds of crazy"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":217.66,"endTime":220.66,"body":"things that go on in our labs."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":220.66,"endTime":221.05,"body":"So."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":221.41,"endTime":223.42,"body":"Science is"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":221.41,"endTime":223.42,"body":"amazing."},{"speaker":"Everyone","startTime":223.42,"endTime":223.45,"body":"[laughter]"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":225.88,"endTime":227.32,"body":"I mean, if you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":225.88,"endTime":227.32,"body":"could see our faces right now"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":227.32,"endTime":228.1,"body":"like, minds blown."},{"speaker":"Everyone","startTime":228.1,"endTime":228.13,"body":"[laughter]"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":229.6,"endTime":230.56,"body":"Jaws on the"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":229.6,"endTime":230.56,"body":"table."},{"speaker":"Everyone","startTime":233.71,"endTime":233.74,"body":"[laughter]"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":233.8,"endTime":235.69,"body":"So you"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":233.8,"endTime":235.69,"body":"mentioned stem cells. Can you"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":235.69,"endTime":238.0,"body":"share more with our audience"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":235.69,"endTime":238.0,"body":"about what that means?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":238.69,"endTime":241.87,"body":"All right, so our"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":238.69,"endTime":241.87,"body":"lab is a stem cell laboratory."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":242.14,"endTime":245.08,"body":"And I know at one point stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":242.14,"endTime":245.08,"body":"cells were highly controversial."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":245.08,"endTime":249.16,"body":"So they were being derived from"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":245.08,"endTime":249.16,"body":"embryonic sources. However,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":249.16,"endTime":253.24,"body":"today, we actually get it from"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":249.16,"endTime":253.24,"body":"skin cells. So Shinya Yamanaka"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":253.24,"endTime":257.08,"body":"in 2006, developed some"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":253.24,"endTime":257.08,"body":"groundbreaking technology where"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":257.23,"endTime":260.83,"body":"I could actually take a skin"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":257.23,"endTime":260.83,"body":"cell from any patient and add"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":260.83,"endTime":264.64,"body":"four to six genes. And that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":260.83,"endTime":264.64,"body":"actually takes that skin cell"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":264.67,"endTime":268.84,"body":"all the way back to what we call"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":264.67,"endTime":268.84,"body":"a pluripotent state. And those"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":268.84,"endTime":271.6,"body":"cells are capable of forming any"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":268.84,"endTime":271.6,"body":"cell type in the body. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":271.78,"endTime":275.8,"body":"cardiovascular cells, neural"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":271.78,"endTime":275.8,"body":"cells, etc. And so we've gotten"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":275.8,"endTime":278.89,"body":"around the whole issue"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":275.8,"endTime":278.89,"body":"associated with that controversy"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":279.01,"endTime":282.37,"body":"by using this technology. He"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":279.01,"endTime":282.37,"body":"actually won the Nobel Prize for"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":282.37,"endTime":284.44,"body":"it, it's kind of how big it was,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":282.37,"endTime":284.44,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"Sound Effect","startTime":284.44,"endTime":284.47,"body":"[chime]"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":285.31,"endTime":287.47,"body":"We'll put a link"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":285.31,"endTime":287.47,"body":"to the Nobel Peace Prize-winning"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":287.47,"endTime":288.91,"body":"research in the shownotes for"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":287.47,"endTime":288.91,"body":"you."},{"speaker":"Sound Effect","startTime":288.91,"endTime":288.94,"body":"[chime]"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":289.75,"endTime":291.76,"body":"So these stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":289.75,"endTime":291.76,"body":"cells are capable of turning any"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":291.76,"endTime":294.61,"body":"cell type in the body and what"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":291.76,"endTime":294.61,"body":"we do is we take skin cells,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":294.61,"endTime":297.55,"body":"turn them into neural stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":294.61,"endTime":297.55,"body":"cells, then transplant them into"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":297.58,"endTime":301.42,"body":"the brain tissue and the neural"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":297.58,"endTime":301.42,"body":"stem cells turn into astrocytes"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":301.42,"endTime":303.64,"body":"and oligodendrocytes in neurons."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":304.03,"endTime":305.95,"body":"So you're doing"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":304.03,"endTime":305.95,"body":"all this work with stem cells"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":305.95,"endTime":308.98,"body":"and endangered species. What"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":305.95,"endTime":308.98,"body":"does this mean for regenerative"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":308.98,"endTime":309.85,"body":"bioscience?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":310.12,"endTime":313.27,"body":"Yes. So our lab,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":310.12,"endTime":313.27,"body":"we're still excited about"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":313.27,"endTime":316.03,"body":"endangered species conservation."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":313.27,"endTime":316.03,"body":"But we have gotten into what's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":316.03,"endTime":319.75,"body":"more traditional, which I don't"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":316.03,"endTime":319.75,"body":"think regenerative bioscience is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":319.78,"endTime":323.02,"body":"traditional in any sense of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":319.78,"endTime":323.02,"body":"word. But regenerative"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":323.02,"endTime":327.1,"body":"bioscience is basically we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":323.02,"endTime":327.1,"body":"taking different scientific"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":327.1,"endTime":331.45,"body":"approaches to enhance tissue"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":327.1,"endTime":331.45,"body":"regeneration in the body. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":331.63,"endTime":334.84,"body":"there's a number of groups that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":331.63,"endTime":334.84,"body":"are working together to address"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":334.84,"endTime":338.14,"body":"a variety of different"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":334.84,"endTime":338.14,"body":"conditions. So, for example, Jin"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":338.14,"endTime":340.42,"body":"Xie, in the chemistry"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":338.14,"endTime":340.42,"body":"department, who we work with,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":340.6,"endTime":345.22,"body":"he's using nanoparticles to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":340.6,"endTime":345.22,"body":"deliver signaling factors that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":345.22,"endTime":348.55,"body":"promote tissue regeneration. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":345.22,"endTime":348.55,"body":"then we also work with other"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":348.55,"endTime":352.63,"body":"laboratories that are using"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":348.55,"endTime":352.63,"body":"hydrogels and different"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":352.63,"endTime":355.81,"body":"extracellular matrices to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":352.63,"endTime":355.81,"body":"improve tissue regeneration in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":355.81,"endTime":359.05,"body":"the brain after traumatic brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":355.81,"endTime":359.05,"body":"injury. So basically,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":359.08,"endTime":361.72,"body":"regenerative bioscience is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":359.08,"endTime":361.72,"body":"taking a number of different"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":361.72,"endTime":364.63,"body":"science technologies, combining"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":361.72,"endTime":364.63,"body":"them together to promote"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":364.66,"endTime":368.68,"body":"endogenous or natural recovery"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":364.66,"endTime":368.68,"body":"in the body from Parkinson's,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":368.68,"endTime":371.92,"body":"Alzheimer's, to other types of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":368.68,"endTime":371.92,"body":"injuries as well."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":372.31,"endTime":373.24,"body":"So magic."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":373.51,"endTime":375.34,"body":"Basically. It's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":373.51,"endTime":375.34,"body":"basically magic."},{"speaker":"Everyone","startTime":375.34,"endTime":375.37,"body":"[laughter]"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":377.56,"endTime":380.38,"body":"Truly life"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":377.56,"endTime":380.38,"body":"changing for countless people"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":380.41,"endTime":381.34,"body":"though, which is incredible."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":381.37,"endTime":382.96,"body":"It is, it is."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":383.26,"endTime":385.51,"body":"Tell us a little"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":383.26,"endTime":385.51,"body":"bit about your role with the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":385.51,"endTime":386.86,"body":"Regenerative Bioscience Center."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":386.89,"endTime":389.8,"body":"Yeah, so as an"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":386.89,"endTime":389.8,"body":"executive committee member, what"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":389.8,"endTime":393.64,"body":"we do is we try to develop"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":389.8,"endTime":393.64,"body":"different programs to help"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":393.64,"endTime":397.42,"body":"foster collaborations between"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":393.64,"endTime":397.42,"body":"different members as part of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":397.42,"endTime":400.72,"body":"Regenerative Bioscience Center."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":397.42,"endTime":400.72,"body":"And so we do a lot of things"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":400.72,"endTime":404.8,"body":"with seed grants. And so these"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":400.72,"endTime":404.8,"body":"are little grants that bring"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":404.8,"endTime":408.13,"body":"people together that maybe don't"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":404.8,"endTime":408.13,"body":"collaborate within the Center."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":408.4,"endTime":411.04,"body":"And they get together and they"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":408.4,"endTime":411.04,"body":"work on a project that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":411.16,"endTime":414.52,"body":"ultimately turns into something"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":411.16,"endTime":414.52,"body":"much greater. And so leads to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":414.52,"endTime":417.61,"body":"maybe a National Institutes of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":414.52,"endTime":417.61,"body":"Health level grant where we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":417.61,"endTime":420.88,"body":"looking for a treatment for"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":417.61,"endTime":420.88,"body":"cancer. We also do a lot of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":420.88,"endTime":424.87,"body":"programs where we're trying to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":420.88,"endTime":424.87,"body":"connect undergraduate students"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":424.93,"endTime":427.39,"body":"with laboratories. So we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":424.93,"endTime":427.39,"body":"trying to get undergraduates"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":427.39,"endTime":431.2,"body":"into the lab as freshmen or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":427.39,"endTime":431.2,"body":"sophomores to learn about the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":431.2,"endTime":434.8,"body":"scientific process, to learn"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":431.2,"endTime":434.8,"body":"different scientific techniques."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":434.8,"endTime":438.67,"body":"And many of our students go on"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":434.8,"endTime":438.67,"body":"to vet school or med school. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":438.67,"endTime":441.28,"body":"so it really helps those"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":438.67,"endTime":441.28,"body":"students get a better"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":441.28,"endTime":444.13,"body":"understanding of the scientific"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":441.28,"endTime":444.13,"body":"process. So I lead the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":444.13,"endTime":447.43,"body":"undergraduate research program."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":444.13,"endTime":447.43,"body":"So we do a lot of outreach"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":447.43,"endTime":449.5,"body":"programs like that as part of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":447.43,"endTime":449.5,"body":"the executive committee."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":449.56,"endTime":450.94,"body":"And I want to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":449.56,"endTime":450.94,"body":"kind of touch on one thing you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":450.94,"endTime":453.43,"body":"just said about leading the"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":450.94,"endTime":453.43,"body":"undergraduate research program."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":453.73,"endTime":457.0,"body":"What would you say to a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":453.73,"endTime":457.0,"body":"potential undergrad student? Or"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":457.0,"endTime":459.61,"body":"maybe someone who's not even a"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":457.0,"endTime":459.61,"body":"student at UGA yet, who has that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":459.61,"endTime":461.86,"body":"interest? You know, going back"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":459.61,"endTime":461.86,"body":"to four-year-old Dr. West who"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":461.86,"endTime":463.21,"body":"has this interest in biology?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":463.24,"endTime":466.6,"body":"Yeah, no, I think"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":463.24,"endTime":466.6,"body":"that's really important, to try"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":466.6,"endTime":469.69,"body":"different things, especially in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":466.6,"endTime":469.69,"body":"college, right? So many of us"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":469.69,"endTime":472.69,"body":"come in, and we have kind of an"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":469.69,"endTime":472.69,"body":"idea of what we want to do. Our"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":472.69,"endTime":475.42,"body":"mom and dad probably told us,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":472.69,"endTime":475.42,"body":"Oh, you want to be a dentist or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":475.42,"endTime":478.15,"body":"you want to be a doctor. In"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":475.42,"endTime":478.15,"body":"fact, most of my undergraduate"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":478.15,"endTime":482.32,"body":"students have no idea how to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":478.15,"endTime":482.32,"body":"become a scientist, right? In"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":482.32,"endTime":486.01,"body":"air quotes here. Because they"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":482.32,"endTime":486.01,"body":"haven't been exposed to that,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":486.01,"endTime":489.46,"body":"right? They, as children, or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":486.01,"endTime":489.46,"body":"even as adults, you get sick,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":489.46,"endTime":491.56,"body":"you go to the doctor, you need"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":489.46,"endTime":491.56,"body":"your teeth cleaned, you go to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":491.56,"endTime":494.47,"body":"the dentist, you don't really"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":491.56,"endTime":494.47,"body":"interact with scientists too"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":494.47,"endTime":498.34,"body":"heavily, you may hear about it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":494.47,"endTime":498.34,"body":"on CNN or something of the like,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":498.49,"endTime":502.27,"body":"but in class, I try to directly"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":498.49,"endTime":502.27,"body":"encourage them to participate, I"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":502.27,"endTime":505.96,"body":"say, hey, this will help you"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":502.27,"endTime":505.96,"body":"also get into med school or vet"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":505.96,"endTime":508.24,"body":"school because they're looking"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":505.96,"endTime":508.24,"body":"for those types of experiences."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":508.24,"endTime":511.84,"body":"But beyond that, really, it'll"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":508.24,"endTime":511.84,"body":"teach you about the different"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":511.84,"endTime":514.33,"body":"therapeutics that you're going"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":511.84,"endTime":514.33,"body":"to come to use as a medical"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":514.33,"endTime":517.6,"body":"doctor. And so you'll have a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":514.33,"endTime":517.6,"body":"deeper understanding of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":517.6,"endTime":520.84,"body":"science behind these types of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":517.6,"endTime":520.84,"body":"treatments. And so many of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":520.84,"endTime":523.96,"body":"students that do these"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":520.84,"endTime":523.96,"body":"experiences, ultimately discover"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":523.96,"endTime":527.38,"body":"that, yeah, med school is cool,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":523.96,"endTime":527.38,"body":"but really, I should be going to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":527.38,"endTime":531.55,"body":"graduate school and become a,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":527.38,"endTime":531.55,"body":"you know, regenerative biologist"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":531.55,"endTime":535.06,"body":"or a cell biologist. And so a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":531.55,"endTime":535.06,"body":"lot of the students that come in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":535.06,"endTime":537.97,"body":"thinking they want to do one"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":535.06,"endTime":537.97,"body":"thing, and it's just almost due"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":537.97,"endTime":540.85,"body":"to a lack of exposure, discover"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":537.97,"endTime":540.85,"body":"that there's so many other"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":540.85,"endTime":544.72,"body":"things out there to do. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":540.85,"endTime":544.72,"body":"for the younger kids, one of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":544.72,"endTime":547.3,"body":"things that the Regenerative"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":544.72,"endTime":547.3,"body":"Bioscience Center is trying to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":547.3,"endTime":551.17,"body":"do is actually get into high"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":547.3,"endTime":551.17,"body":"schools and bring science to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":551.17,"endTime":554.92,"body":"them and talk about how we can"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":551.17,"endTime":554.92,"body":"use regenerative bioscience to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":554.92,"endTime":558.31,"body":"help people and we do little"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":554.92,"endTime":558.31,"body":"projects. So we show them how to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":558.31,"endTime":562.84,"body":"isolate DNA and you can visually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":558.31,"endTime":562.84,"body":"see DNA of a strawberry on a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":562.84,"endTime":566.53,"body":"stick in some of the projects"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":562.84,"endTime":566.53,"body":"that we do, we do poster"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":566.56,"endTime":570.31,"body":"presentations and we try to make"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":566.56,"endTime":570.31,"body":"it interactive and fun. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":570.31,"endTime":573.34,"body":"we really are trying to get more"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":570.31,"endTime":573.34,"body":"students at the high school"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":573.34,"endTime":575.44,"body":"level because I think we need to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":573.34,"endTime":575.44,"body":"get to a middle school high"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":575.44,"endTime":578.26,"body":"school, elementary school and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":575.44,"endTime":578.26,"body":"teach students more about"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":578.26,"endTime":581.5,"body":"science and what it can do."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":578.26,"endTime":581.5,"body":"That's one of the outreach"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":581.5,"endTime":583.12,"body":"missions of our Center as well."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":583.69,"endTime":586.18,"body":"Wow, I wanna go"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":583.69,"endTime":586.18,"body":"back to middle school. I never"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":586.18,"endTime":587.59,"body":"thought in a million years I'd"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":586.18,"endTime":587.59,"body":"say that."},{"speaker":"Everyone","startTime":589.69,"endTime":589.72,"body":"[laughter]"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":589.72,"endTime":589.99,"body":"Oh no!"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":590.38,"endTime":592.36,"body":"I never had"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":590.38,"endTime":592.36,"body":"those opportunities, I feel like"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":592.36,"endTime":595.6,"body":"in school, so cool. You"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":592.36,"endTime":595.6,"body":"mentioned encouraging"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":595.6,"endTime":598.66,"body":"collaboration and the RBC is"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":595.6,"endTime":598.66,"body":"collaborative across"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":598.66,"endTime":601.45,"body":"departments. Can you share or a"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":598.66,"endTime":601.45,"body":"little bit more about how those"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":601.45,"endTime":603.85,"body":"departments are working towards"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":601.45,"endTime":603.85,"body":"the Center's mission?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":604.0,"endTime":606.97,"body":"Yes. So many of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":604.0,"endTime":606.97,"body":"the problems that the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":606.97,"endTime":610.33,"body":"Regenerative Bioscience Center"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":606.97,"endTime":610.33,"body":"scientists are tackling are some"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":610.33,"endTime":613.66,"body":"of the biggest problems in the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":610.33,"endTime":613.66,"body":"world, right? We're trying to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":613.69,"endTime":617.38,"body":"help people with stroke, which"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":613.69,"endTime":617.38,"body":"is the second leading cause of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":617.38,"endTime":621.31,"body":"death. We're interested in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":617.38,"endTime":621.31,"body":"traumatic brain injury, cancer."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":621.7,"endTime":626.65,"body":"So we're tackling these major"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":621.7,"endTime":626.65,"body":"problems. And no one scientist"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":626.65,"endTime":630.64,"body":"has the entire skill set in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":626.65,"endTime":630.64,"body":"order to tackle these problems."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":630.64,"endTime":634.42,"body":"And so I'll take our lab, for"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":630.64,"endTime":634.42,"body":"example. So we're interested in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":634.42,"endTime":639.22,"body":"developing stem cell therapies"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":634.42,"endTime":639.22,"body":"for stroke. And so I have the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":639.25,"endTime":643.0,"body":"biology piece covered as a stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":639.25,"endTime":643.0,"body":"cell biologist by training, but"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":643.0,"endTime":645.07,"body":"a lot of the things that we do"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":643.0,"endTime":645.07,"body":"is, for example, we'll"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":645.1,"endTime":648.28,"body":"transplant our cells and then we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":645.1,"endTime":648.28,"body":"want to track them in the brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":648.52,"endTime":652.24,"body":"and see how that leads to a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":648.52,"endTime":652.24,"body":"decrease in injury in the brain."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":652.48,"endTime":655.69,"body":"And so as part of that I"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":652.48,"endTime":655.69,"body":"collaborate with a physicist,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":655.96,"endTime":660.64,"body":"and he does all the MRI analysis"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":655.96,"endTime":660.64,"body":"on it. And then, after that, we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":660.64,"endTime":663.82,"body":"want to see how does that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":660.64,"endTime":663.82,"body":"improve functional outcome? So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":663.91,"endTime":668.5,"body":"does it improve learning,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":663.91,"endTime":668.5,"body":"memory, motor function, and so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":668.5,"endTime":672.73,"body":"we work with experts in motor"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":668.5,"endTime":672.73,"body":"function, to see how these stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":672.73,"endTime":677.02,"body":"cells improve those types of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":672.73,"endTime":677.02,"body":"outcomes. And so that's three"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":677.02,"endTime":680.5,"body":"different groups. And then we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":677.02,"endTime":680.5,"body":"also work with a pathologist in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":680.5,"endTime":683.95,"body":"the vet school and a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":680.5,"endTime":683.95,"body":"neurosurgeon in the vet school."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":683.95,"endTime":688.03,"body":"And so that's five labs coming"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":683.95,"endTime":688.03,"body":"together to work on one project."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":688.03,"endTime":691.72,"body":"And that's just one example of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":688.03,"endTime":691.72,"body":"collaboration, in the RBC, so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":691.72,"endTime":693.61,"body":"we're doing large scale"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":691.72,"endTime":693.61,"body":"activities."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":693.7,"endTime":695.89,"body":"Can you talk"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":693.7,"endTime":695.89,"body":"more about the work that the RBC"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":695.89,"endTime":699.01,"body":"is doing and how it makes an"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":695.89,"endTime":699.01,"body":"impact locally, nationally, and"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":699.01,"endTime":699.94,"body":"internationally?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":700.09,"endTime":702.97,"body":"Right. So this"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":700.09,"endTime":702.97,"body":"goes back to the fact that we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":702.97,"endTime":706.21,"body":"are trying to tackle some of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":702.97,"endTime":706.21,"body":"world's biggest problems. So,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":706.36,"endTime":709.6,"body":"things like stroke, stroke is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":706.36,"endTime":709.6,"body":"the second leading cause of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":709.6,"endTime":712.96,"body":"death worldwide. In the United"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":709.6,"endTime":712.96,"body":"States it's the fifth leading"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":712.96,"endTime":717.01,"body":"cause of death. And, in fact,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":712.96,"endTime":717.01,"body":"Georgia is at the epicenter of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":717.01,"endTime":721.0,"body":"the stroke belt. And so we have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":717.01,"endTime":721.0,"body":"higher incidences of stroke in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":721.0,"endTime":724.42,"body":"the southeast. And it has a lot"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":721.0,"endTime":724.42,"body":"to do with diet and good"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":724.42,"endTime":728.5,"body":"southern cooking, right? And so,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":724.42,"endTime":728.5,"body":"strokes are caused by blockages"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":728.5,"endTime":730.96,"body":"in the blood vessel leading to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":728.5,"endTime":730.96,"body":"the loss of blood flow in the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":730.96,"endTime":735.73,"body":"brain. And so many of these"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":730.96,"endTime":735.73,"body":"patients are severely disabled"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":735.73,"endTime":738.34,"body":"after a stroke, they have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":735.73,"endTime":738.34,"body":"problems dressing themselves in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":738.34,"endTime":742.0,"body":"the morning, feeding themselves,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":738.34,"endTime":742.0,"body":"learning and memory problems. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":742.18,"endTime":746.14,"body":"it's a pretty big deal here in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":742.18,"endTime":746.14,"body":"the south. And internationally."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":746.35,"endTime":749.2,"body":"Traumatic brain injury is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":746.35,"endTime":749.2,"body":"another big condition,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":749.5,"endTime":752.83,"body":"especially with the wars in Iraq"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":749.5,"endTime":752.83,"body":"and Afghanistan, it was actually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":753.01,"endTime":757.15,"body":"the signature injury for U.S."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":753.01,"endTime":757.15,"body":"soldiers that were injured in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":757.18,"endTime":761.47,"body":"Afghanistan and Iraq. And so it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":757.18,"endTime":761.47,"body":"has major implications."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":762.01,"endTime":763.6,"body":"You're"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":762.01,"endTime":763.6,"body":"investigating the use of stem"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":763.6,"endTime":767.83,"body":"cell treatment for stroke"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":763.6,"endTime":767.83,"body":"patients. So tell us more about"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":767.83,"endTime":768.88,"body":"what that means."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":769.18,"endTime":773.62,"body":"So we have just"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":769.18,"endTime":773.62,"body":"completed a major study with Jin"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":773.62,"endTime":776.77,"body":"Xie in the chemistry department"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":773.62,"endTime":776.77,"body":"and a number of other faculty"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":776.77,"endTime":781.96,"body":"members on campus. And so, what"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":776.77,"endTime":781.96,"body":"we did is we did a study earlier"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":781.96,"endTime":785.32,"body":"on where we just transplanted"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":781.96,"endTime":785.32,"body":"stem cells, and our stroke"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":785.59,"endTime":789.79,"body":"animal model. And those stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":785.59,"endTime":789.79,"body":"cells performed phenomenally. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":789.79,"endTime":792.82,"body":"they were able to turn into"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":789.79,"endTime":792.82,"body":"neurons and astrocytes and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":792.82,"endTime":796.03,"body":"oligodendrocytes. And so these"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":792.82,"endTime":796.03,"body":"are the critical neural cells in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":796.03,"endTime":799.36,"body":"the brain, right. And so they're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":796.03,"endTime":799.36,"body":"able to replace those cells,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":799.57,"endTime":803.17,"body":"which is important, because many"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":799.57,"endTime":803.17,"body":"times after stroke, you have a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":803.29,"endTime":807.07,"body":"lesion or region where there's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":803.29,"endTime":807.07,"body":"no tissue, so the tissue is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":807.07,"endTime":810.46,"body":"completely absent or it's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":807.07,"endTime":810.46,"body":"damaged. And so the idea is by"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":810.46,"endTime":813.61,"body":"replacing those tissues, you're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":810.46,"endTime":813.61,"body":"ultimately going to be able to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":813.61,"endTime":816.49,"body":"restore things like motor"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":813.61,"endTime":816.49,"body":"function, so you're able to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":816.64,"endTime":820.39,"body":"dress yourself in the morning or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":816.64,"endTime":820.39,"body":"feed yourself. And so in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":820.39,"endTime":823.45,"body":"addition to that, we discovered"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":820.39,"endTime":823.45,"body":"that our stem cells produce a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":823.45,"endTime":827.38,"body":"number of neuroprotective and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":823.45,"endTime":827.38,"body":"regenerative factors. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":827.56,"endTime":830.68,"body":"these are going to be things"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":827.56,"endTime":830.68,"body":"like, brain derived neurotrophic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":830.68,"endTime":835.63,"body":"factor, and they actually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":830.68,"endTime":835.63,"body":"prevent tissue from dying. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":835.63,"endTime":840.07,"body":"they also promote natural"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":835.63,"endTime":840.07,"body":"regeneration processes. So our"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":840.1,"endTime":843.07,"body":"stem cells that we transplant"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":840.1,"endTime":843.07,"body":"actually communicate with"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":843.07,"endTime":847.57,"body":"naturally found stem cells in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":843.07,"endTime":847.57,"body":"the brain, and more than tripled"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":847.69,"endTime":850.9,"body":"the number of natural stem cells"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":847.69,"endTime":850.9,"body":"in the brain and their response"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":850.9,"endTime":854.77,"body":"and migration activity to the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":850.9,"endTime":854.77,"body":"injury site. And in addition to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":854.77,"endTime":859.0,"body":"that, they improved cerebral"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":854.77,"endTime":859.0,"body":"blood flow. And so we know that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":859.0,"endTime":862.24,"body":"those cells produce something"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":859.0,"endTime":862.24,"body":"called veg F, which is involved"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":862.24,"endTime":866.32,"body":"in stabilizing blood networks,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":862.24,"endTime":866.32,"body":"blood vasculature in the brain,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":866.53,"endTime":869.62,"body":"and also promotes"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":866.53,"endTime":869.62,"body":"vascularization in the brain."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":869.62,"endTime":872.56,"body":"And so this is a big deal in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":869.62,"endTime":872.56,"body":"stroke, because the cause of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":872.56,"endTime":875.5,"body":"stroke is the blockage of that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":872.56,"endTime":875.5,"body":"blood vessel. So there's a loss"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":875.5,"endTime":879.37,"body":"of perfusion, so blood flow in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":875.5,"endTime":879.37,"body":"that region. So loss of glucose"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":879.37,"endTime":882.01,"body":"and oxygen, and so this tissue"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":879.37,"endTime":882.01,"body":"dies. So if you can actually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":882.01,"endTime":886.45,"body":"reverse that process, it's a big"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":882.01,"endTime":886.45,"body":"deal. And so that was our first"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":886.45,"endTime":889.75,"body":"study earlier on. And this"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":886.45,"endTime":889.75,"body":"recent study that we just"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":889.75,"endTime":893.92,"body":"published on last month, we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":889.75,"endTime":893.92,"body":"built upon that initial work,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":894.25,"endTime":896.29,"body":"because one of the things that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":894.25,"endTime":896.29,"body":"we discovered is we were"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":896.29,"endTime":899.95,"body":"transplanting 10 million stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":896.29,"endTime":899.95,"body":"cells into the brain, but many"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":899.95,"endTime":903.13,"body":"of them died. And it kind of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":899.95,"endTime":903.13,"body":"makes sense because we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":903.13,"endTime":905.95,"body":"transplanting these cells into"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":903.13,"endTime":905.95,"body":"what we call an extremely"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":905.95,"endTime":910.03,"body":"cytotoxic environment. So an"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":905.95,"endTime":910.03,"body":"environment that's very toxic,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":910.03,"endTime":912.85,"body":"and it kills a lot of the cells"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":910.03,"endTime":912.85,"body":"because there's a lot of free"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":912.85,"endTime":916.87,"body":"radicals floating around that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":912.85,"endTime":916.87,"body":"destroy DNA, RNA, lipids and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":916.87,"endTime":917.29,"body":"things."},{"speaker":"Sound Effect","startTime":917.29,"endTime":917.32,"body":"[chime]"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":918.07,"endTime":920.62,"body":"Free radicals"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":918.07,"endTime":920.62,"body":"are unstable molecules that"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":920.62,"endTime":923.83,"body":"build up in cells and can cause"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":920.62,"endTime":923.83,"body":"damage to other molecules like"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":923.83,"endTime":928.18,"body":"DNA and proteins. This damage"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":923.83,"endTime":928.18,"body":"may increase the risk of cancer"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":928.18,"endTime":929.89,"body":"or other diseases in the body."},{"speaker":"Sound Effect","startTime":929.89,"endTime":929.92,"body":"[chime]"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":930.91,"endTime":934.36,"body":"There's an"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":930.91,"endTime":934.36,"body":"inflammatory response. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":934.39,"endTime":938.41,"body":"what we did with Jin Xie's group"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":934.39,"endTime":938.41,"body":"in chemistry is we developed a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":938.41,"endTime":942.1,"body":"nanoparticle that we could"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":938.41,"endTime":942.1,"body":"deliver before we delivered the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":942.1,"endTime":945.31,"body":"stem cells. And that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":942.1,"endTime":945.31,"body":"nanoparticle carried something"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":945.31,"endTime":949.42,"body":"called Tanshinone IIA, and it's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":945.31,"endTime":949.42,"body":"anti-inflammatory, it's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":949.45,"endTime":953.08,"body":"anti-oxidative, so it quelled"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":949.45,"endTime":953.08,"body":"that environment and made it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":953.08,"endTime":956.29,"body":"more accepting for our stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":953.08,"endTime":956.29,"body":"cells. And so we transplanted"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":956.29,"endTime":958.78,"body":"our neural stem cells into the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":956.29,"endTime":958.78,"body":"brain. And it improves"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":958.78,"endTime":962.53,"body":"survivability and ultimately"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":958.78,"endTime":962.53,"body":"improved overall recovery of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":962.53,"endTime":967.12,"body":"animal. So everything from"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":962.53,"endTime":967.12,"body":"smaller tissue damage, decreased"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":967.12,"endTime":971.32,"body":"tissue loss, to just improved"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":967.12,"endTime":971.32,"body":"neurological scores. And that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":971.32,"endTime":973.63,"body":"last part about improved"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":971.32,"endTime":973.63,"body":"neurological scores is probably"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":973.63,"endTime":976.66,"body":"the most important piece, at"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":973.63,"endTime":976.66,"body":"least clinically speaking,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":976.66,"endTime":982.48,"body":"because we show that it improved"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":976.66,"endTime":982.48,"body":"the ability of animals to stand."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":982.78,"endTime":985.78,"body":"So they didn't need to stand"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":982.78,"endTime":985.78,"body":"with assistance. And so if you"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":985.78,"endTime":988.66,"body":"think of grandparents that have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":985.78,"endTime":988.66,"body":"had stroke, so some of them"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":988.66,"endTime":990.46,"body":"aren't going to be able to stand"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":988.66,"endTime":990.46,"body":"or they're going to need a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":990.46,"endTime":993.91,"body":"walker or a cane. When you got"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":990.46,"endTime":993.91,"body":"the treatment, in theory, if"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":993.91,"endTime":996.16,"body":"we're translating this to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":993.91,"endTime":996.16,"body":"people, right, they wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":996.16,"endTime":998.92,"body":"need a walker or a cane. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":996.16,"endTime":998.92,"body":"we saw improvements in those"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":998.92,"endTime":1002.73,"body":"types of functional outcomes."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":998.92,"endTime":1002.73,"body":"Ability to feed themselves, so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1002.73,"endTime":1005.22,"body":"we look at, you know, can they"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1002.73,"endTime":1005.22,"body":"feed themselves? Do they need"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1005.22,"endTime":1008.25,"body":"assistance? Same thing in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1005.22,"endTime":1008.25,"body":"humans, you know, is that person"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1008.25,"endTime":1010.23,"body":"going to need assistance for the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1008.25,"endTime":1010.23,"body":"rest of their life to feed"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1010.23,"endTime":1014.37,"body":"themselves or not? And so we saw"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1010.23,"endTime":1014.37,"body":"that in our model system and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1014.37,"endTime":1017.22,"body":"hopefully it translates to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1014.37,"endTime":1017.22,"body":"people in a real world way."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1017.76,"endTime":1019.86,"body":"And we actually"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1017.76,"endTime":1019.86,"body":"at the college, put out a story"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1019.86,"endTime":1022.08,"body":"on the nanoparticle components."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1019.86,"endTime":1022.08,"body":"So we'll definitely link that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1022.08,"endTime":1024.81,"body":"story in the show notes for our"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1022.08,"endTime":1024.81,"body":"listeners. Following up on that"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1024.81,"endTime":1028.41,"body":"question, we know that the RBC"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1024.81,"endTime":1028.41,"body":"team recently received support"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1028.41,"endTime":1031.05,"body":"from the National Institutes of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1028.41,"endTime":1031.05,"body":"Health for your traumatic brain"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1031.05,"endTime":1033.54,"body":"injury research. First off,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1031.05,"endTime":1033.54,"body":"congratulations."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1033.57,"endTime":1034.14,"body":"Thank you."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1034.29,"endTime":1036.06,"body":"It's wonderful"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1034.29,"endTime":1036.06,"body":"that that work is being"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1036.06,"endTime":1039.18,"body":"supported. Can you talk a little"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1036.06,"endTime":1039.18,"body":"bit more about what that means"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1039.18,"endTime":1041.52,"body":"for RBC and how it will affect"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1039.18,"endTime":1041.52,"body":"the public?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1041.55,"endTime":1044.55,"body":"Yeah, definitely."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1041.55,"endTime":1044.55,"body":"So the proposals that we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1044.55,"endTime":1047.73,"body":"looking at with the National"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1044.55,"endTime":1047.73,"body":"Institutes of Health focus on"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1047.73,"endTime":1052.41,"body":"two areas, the first area is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1047.73,"endTime":1052.41,"body":"looking at spontaneous recovery"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1052.41,"endTime":1056.31,"body":"from traumatic brain injury. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1052.41,"endTime":1056.31,"body":"we're focusing on pediatric"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1056.31,"endTime":1059.79,"body":"traumatic brain injury, which is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1056.31,"endTime":1059.79,"body":"kind of a surprise to most"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1059.79,"endTime":1063.84,"body":"people. So about a third of all"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1059.79,"endTime":1063.84,"body":"traumatic brain injuries occur"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1063.84,"endTime":1067.8,"body":"in children, I think anyone that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1063.84,"endTime":1067.8,"body":"has kids has experienced some"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1067.8,"endTime":1071.85,"body":"scares, where perhaps they fell"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1067.8,"endTime":1071.85,"body":"out of a high chair or off the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1071.85,"endTime":1074.49,"body":"back of a couch, because kids"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1071.85,"endTime":1074.49,"body":"are always doing stuff. But my"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1074.49,"endTime":1077.67,"body":"daughter actually participates"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1074.49,"endTime":1077.67,"body":"in gymnastics, and she does"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1077.67,"endTime":1080.58,"body":"these backflips on a beam. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1077.67,"endTime":1080.58,"body":"every now and again, she kind of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1080.58,"endTime":1084.75,"body":"comes off. And so kids are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1080.58,"endTime":1084.75,"body":"typically participating in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1084.9,"endTime":1087.6,"body":"potentially dangerous activities"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1084.9,"endTime":1087.6,"body":"just because they're kids,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1087.6,"endTime":1091.02,"body":"right. And so that's why we have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1087.6,"endTime":1091.02,"body":"so many traumatic brain injury"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1091.02,"endTime":1094.41,"body":"cases in children. And it's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1091.02,"endTime":1094.41,"body":"quite insidious, because you can"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1094.41,"endTime":1098.49,"body":"imagine survivors of traumatic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1094.41,"endTime":1098.49,"body":"brain injury, at three have to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1098.49,"endTime":1100.77,"body":"live with those types of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1098.49,"endTime":1100.77,"body":"deficits for the rest of their"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1100.77,"endTime":1105.36,"body":"life. Many of them have problems"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1100.77,"endTime":1105.36,"body":"with learning and memory. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1105.36,"endTime":1108.93,"body":"they have problems in school,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1105.36,"endTime":1108.93,"body":"they have behavior problems, so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1109.08,"endTime":1112.5,"body":"things like abnormal fear,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1109.08,"endTime":1112.5,"body":"anxiety, stress, almost like"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1112.53,"endTime":1116.91,"body":"PTSD-like symptoms. So post"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1112.53,"endTime":1116.91,"body":"traumatic stress disorder, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1116.91,"endTime":1119.85,"body":"many of them also have motor"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1116.91,"endTime":1119.85,"body":"function problems. So they're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1120.0,"endTime":1124.32,"body":"never going to be able to be on"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1120.0,"endTime":1124.32,"body":"the cheerleading squad or play"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1124.41,"endTime":1127.8,"body":"football. And so it really"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1124.41,"endTime":1127.8,"body":"affects these kids"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1127.8,"endTime":1131.16,"body":"significantly. And so one of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1127.8,"endTime":1131.16,"body":"things that we're doing is we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1131.16,"endTime":1135.72,"body":"looking at neuroplasticity, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1131.16,"endTime":1135.72,"body":"so about 25% of patients that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1135.72,"endTime":1138.78,"body":"suffer severe or moderate"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1135.72,"endTime":1138.78,"body":"traumatic brain injury to seem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1138.78,"endTime":1142.8,"body":"to spontaneously recover. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1138.78,"endTime":1142.8,"body":"it's almost undiscernible if"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1142.8,"endTime":1145.89,"body":"they have a traumatic brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1142.8,"endTime":1145.89,"body":"injury. And so the question"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1145.89,"endTime":1149.07,"body":"becomes, well, what makes those"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1145.89,"endTime":1149.07,"body":"patients different, versus the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1149.07,"endTime":1153.12,"body":"other 75% that are going to be"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1149.07,"endTime":1153.12,"body":"negatively affected, in some"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1153.12,"endTime":1156.51,"body":"sort of dramatic way. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1153.12,"endTime":1156.51,"body":"what we're doing, we've teamed"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1156.51,"endTime":1160.29,"body":"up with Qun Zhao, he's in the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1156.51,"endTime":1160.29,"body":"physics department. And we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1160.29,"endTime":1165.87,"body":"looking at brain plasticity, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1160.29,"endTime":1165.87,"body":"also cognitive reserves. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1165.99,"endTime":1168.78,"body":"there's a little bit of science"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1165.99,"endTime":1168.78,"body":"there for you. But basically,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1168.78,"endTime":1171.84,"body":"what that means is, we are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1168.78,"endTime":1171.84,"body":"looking at how the brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1171.84,"endTime":1175.44,"body":"communicates with itself. So if"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1171.84,"endTime":1175.44,"body":"you're performing a task, let's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1175.44,"endTime":1178.86,"body":"say you want to pick up a glass"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1175.44,"endTime":1178.86,"body":"of water, first you have to,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1178.95,"endTime":1181.77,"body":"your visual network in the brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1178.95,"endTime":1181.77,"body":"has to see the glass of water,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1181.77,"endTime":1184.41,"body":"say, \"Okay, we're going to pick"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1181.77,"endTime":1184.41,"body":"that up.\" And then it actually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1184.41,"endTime":1188.28,"body":"has to communicate and plan to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1184.41,"endTime":1188.28,"body":"pick it up and then tell your"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1188.28,"endTime":1191.46,"body":"arm to extend, wrap your fingers"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1188.28,"endTime":1191.46,"body":"around the glass, bring it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1191.46,"endTime":1194.85,"body":"towards your mouth, open your"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1191.46,"endTime":1194.85,"body":"mouth, and then swallow, right"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1194.85,"endTime":1199.05,"body":"and so this is a highly complex"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1194.85,"endTime":1199.05,"body":"task that requires coordination"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1199.05,"endTime":1201.9,"body":"between five, six different"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1199.05,"endTime":1201.9,"body":"centers in the brain, roughly"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1201.9,"endTime":1206.43,"body":"speaking. And so how does that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1201.9,"endTime":1206.43,"body":"happen? So, in our traumatic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1206.43,"endTime":1210.06,"body":"brain injury studies, we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1206.43,"endTime":1210.06,"body":"studying how it happens, or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1210.09,"endTime":1213.81,"body":"comparable or more simple tasks,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1210.09,"endTime":1213.81,"body":"how that happens before the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1213.81,"endTime":1217.92,"body":"injury, and then after the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1213.81,"endTime":1217.92,"body":"injury, and so does the brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1217.98,"endTime":1222.66,"body":"re-network, and then does it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1217.98,"endTime":1222.66,"body":"recruit other parts of the brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1222.66,"endTime":1226.02,"body":"to, like, compensate for it. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1222.66,"endTime":1226.02,"body":"we're also looking at different"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1226.11,"endTime":1228.75,"body":"types of traumatic brain injury."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1226.11,"endTime":1228.75,"body":"So there's mild, moderate,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1228.75,"endTime":1231.87,"body":"severe and so, mild traumatic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1228.75,"endTime":1231.87,"body":"brain injuries are what football"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1231.87,"endTime":1234.66,"body":"players experience most of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1231.87,"endTime":1234.66,"body":"time on the field when they're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1234.87,"endTime":1238.08,"body":"hitting their helmets together."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1234.87,"endTime":1238.08,"body":"And so associated with like CTE,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1238.14,"endTime":1242.49,"body":"so CTE is chronic traumatic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1238.14,"endTime":1242.49,"body":"encephalopathy. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1242.49,"endTime":1246.63,"body":"basically, this occurs when"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1242.49,"endTime":1246.63,"body":"there's a repeated jarring to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1246.63,"endTime":1249.42,"body":"the brain. And so you end up"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1246.63,"endTime":1249.42,"body":"with micro injuries in the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1249.42,"endTime":1254.4,"body":"brain. In fact, they're so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1249.42,"endTime":1254.4,"body":"small, that you can't detect CTE"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1254.4,"endTime":1257.88,"body":"using traditional modality. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1254.4,"endTime":1257.88,"body":"things like magnetic resonance"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1257.91,"endTime":1262.53,"body":"imaging, so MRI or CT scans,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1257.91,"endTime":1262.53,"body":"football players that are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1262.53,"endTime":1266.43,"body":"diagnosed with CTE can only be"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1262.53,"endTime":1266.43,"body":"diagnosed post mortem. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1266.43,"endTime":1270.48,"body":"actually, once they remove the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1266.43,"endTime":1270.48,"body":"brain from the skull, but it's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1270.48,"endTime":1274.47,"body":"basically from all the impacts"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1270.48,"endTime":1274.47,"body":"or the forces generated that are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1274.59,"endTime":1277.26,"body":"damaging white matter and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1274.59,"endTime":1277.26,"body":"leading to microbleeds in the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1277.26,"endTime":1280.14,"body":"brain and the like. And then"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1277.26,"endTime":1280.14,"body":"severe is going to be something"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1280.14,"endTime":1284.07,"body":"more like penetrating traumatic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1280.14,"endTime":1284.07,"body":"brain injury. And so the idea is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1284.07,"endTime":1286.74,"body":"that with a mild traumatic brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1284.07,"endTime":1286.74,"body":"injury, maybe the brain tissue"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1286.74,"endTime":1289.68,"body":"is there, and it can still do"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1286.74,"endTime":1289.68,"body":"its job, but it's just not as"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1289.68,"endTime":1293.52,"body":"fast or as efficient. But what"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1289.68,"endTime":1293.52,"body":"happens to the same area if it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1293.52,"endTime":1296.85,"body":"no longer exists, which is like"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1293.52,"endTime":1296.85,"body":"what would happen in a severe"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1296.85,"endTime":1300.54,"body":"traumatic brain injury? So does"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1296.85,"endTime":1300.54,"body":"it recruit new brain centers?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1301.26,"endTime":1304.11,"body":"Does it actually strengthen"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1301.26,"endTime":1304.11,"body":"connections between other parts"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1304.11,"endTime":1307.23,"body":"of the brain to kind of pick up"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1304.11,"endTime":1307.23,"body":"the task? And so those are the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1307.23,"endTime":1309.36,"body":"kinds of questions we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1307.23,"endTime":1309.36,"body":"addressing with the first part"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1309.36,"endTime":1313.47,"body":"of our NIH study. The other part"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1309.36,"endTime":1313.47,"body":"of the study is, we're actually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1313.47,"endTime":1317.46,"body":"developing a therapeutic. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1313.47,"endTime":1317.46,"body":"this is with Aruna Biomedical."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1317.46,"endTime":1320.79,"body":"So a company that Steve Stice,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1317.46,"endTime":1320.79,"body":"my mentor, started up a number"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1320.79,"endTime":1324.12,"body":"of years ago. And what they've"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1320.79,"endTime":1324.12,"body":"discovered is something really"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1324.12,"endTime":1327.75,"body":"amazing. They're called"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1324.12,"endTime":1327.75,"body":"extracellular vesicles, or EVs,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1327.75,"endTime":1331.59,"body":"in some cases. Our work is done"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1327.75,"endTime":1331.59,"body":"in the past, in stroke,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1331.59,"endTime":1337.53,"body":"actually, we have shown that EVs"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1331.59,"endTime":1337.53,"body":"lead to reduced lesion size, so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1337.56,"endTime":1342.45,"body":"injuries in the brain, they also"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1337.56,"endTime":1342.45,"body":"lead to decrease intracerebral"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1342.45,"endTime":1346.17,"body":"hemorrhaging, so bleeding in the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1342.45,"endTime":1346.17,"body":"brain, and significant recovery"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1346.2,"endTime":1350.4,"body":"of motor function and other"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1346.2,"endTime":1350.4,"body":"functional outcomes. And so that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1350.4,"endTime":1355.02,"body":"was in stroke. And it works by"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1350.4,"endTime":1355.02,"body":"decreasing inflammation, a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1355.02,"endTime":1357.75,"body":"number of other mechanisms. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1355.02,"endTime":1357.75,"body":"so the thought was, well, this"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1357.75,"endTime":1360.48,"body":"works so well in stroke, that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1357.75,"endTime":1360.48,"body":"it's almost to a point where"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1360.48,"endTime":1363.15,"body":"it's going into human clinical"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1360.48,"endTime":1363.15,"body":"trials. And so that's what Aruna"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1363.15,"endTime":1366.39,"body":"is doing is taking that to human"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1363.15,"endTime":1366.39,"body":"clinical trials. So the question"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1366.39,"endTime":1369.66,"body":"is, well, if it's got the same"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1366.39,"endTime":1369.66,"body":"therapeutic function and stroke,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1369.9,"endTime":1373.14,"body":"let's apply it to traumatic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1369.9,"endTime":1373.14,"body":"brain injury. And so that's what"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1373.14,"endTime":1376.65,"body":"we're doing now in that space."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1373.14,"endTime":1376.65,"body":"So we're starting those studies"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1376.65,"endTime":1377.52,"body":"up pretty soon."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1377.64,"endTime":1380.16,"body":"As colleagues of"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1377.64,"endTime":1380.16,"body":"the College of Agricultural and"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1380.16,"endTime":1383.76,"body":"Environmental Sciences, can you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1380.16,"endTime":1383.76,"body":"tell us how agriculture relates"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1383.76,"endTime":1385.17,"body":"to the work you're doing at RBC?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1385.41,"endTime":1387.6,"body":"I get asked that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1385.41,"endTime":1387.6,"body":"question a lot. And what I tell"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1387.6,"endTime":1390.54,"body":"everyone is that farmers have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1387.6,"endTime":1390.54,"body":"strokes as well. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1390.54,"endTime":1393.54,"body":"ultimately, we're helping"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1390.54,"endTime":1393.54,"body":"farmers that do have strokes or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1393.69,"endTime":1396.3,"body":"they have children that have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1393.69,"endTime":1396.3,"body":"traumatic brain injuries. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1396.48,"endTime":1399.54,"body":"we may not be helping grow corn,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1396.48,"endTime":1399.54,"body":"but we are definitely helping"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1399.54,"endTime":1402.99,"body":"them with their health issues"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1399.54,"endTime":1402.99,"body":"long term. So. I wish I could"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1402.99,"endTime":1407.46,"body":"say we're growing soybeans or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1402.99,"endTime":1407.46,"body":"something. It's hard to link"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1407.46,"endTime":1407.91,"body":"those two."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1409.38,"endTime":1410.16,"body":"Indeed."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1410.82,"endTime":1413.88,"body":"I think maybe"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1410.82,"endTime":1413.88,"body":"too, tying in your work with"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1413.88,"endTime":1417.27,"body":"pigs might also be a part of the"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1413.88,"endTime":1417.27,"body":"College of Ag and Environmental"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1417.27,"endTime":1417.72,"body":"Sciences?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1417.96,"endTime":1421.53,"body":"Yeah, so all of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1417.96,"endTime":1421.53,"body":"our research is actually done in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1421.53,"endTime":1426.45,"body":"pig models. And the reason for"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1421.53,"endTime":1426.45,"body":"that is, anatomically and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1426.45,"endTime":1430.32,"body":"physiologically, pigs are more"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1426.45,"endTime":1430.32,"body":"representative of what happens"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1430.32,"endTime":1434.4,"body":"in humans. And so, let's talk"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1430.32,"endTime":1434.4,"body":"about stroke for example."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1434.58,"endTime":1439.56,"body":"There's been over 700 human"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1434.58,"endTime":1439.56,"body":"clinical trials based on rodent"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1439.56,"endTime":1444.36,"body":"data. There are only two"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1439.56,"endTime":1444.36,"body":"FDA-approved treatments. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1444.39,"endTime":1449.22,"body":"that's a massive failure to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1444.39,"endTime":1449.22,"body":"translate from basic science to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1449.22,"endTime":1452.19,"body":"the clinic. So we spent billions"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1449.22,"endTime":1452.19,"body":"of dollars coming up with"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1452.19,"endTime":1456.18,"body":"amazing treatments for stroke in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1452.19,"endTime":1456.18,"body":"rats and mice. So any mouse that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1456.18,"endTime":1458.43,"body":"ever has a stroke, we have them"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1456.18,"endTime":1458.43,"body":"fully covered."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1458.52,"endTime":1458.91,"body":"They're set."},{"speaker":"Everyone","startTime":1458.91,"endTime":1458.94,"body":"[laughter]"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1459.35,"endTime":1462.68,"body":"They are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1459.35,"endTime":1462.68,"body":"completely set. It's the people"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1462.68,"endTime":1465.62,"body":"that are in trouble, though,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1462.68,"endTime":1465.62,"body":"because in fact, about 85% of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1465.62,"endTime":1469.46,"body":"stroke patients still can't get"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1465.62,"endTime":1469.46,"body":"those two FDA approved"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1469.46,"endTime":1473.03,"body":"treatments, because of other"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1469.46,"endTime":1473.03,"body":"limitations. So we just don't"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1473.03,"endTime":1476.87,"body":"have a treatment for the vast"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1473.03,"endTime":1476.87,"body":"majority of stroke patients. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1476.87,"endTime":1479.21,"body":"so there's been a number of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1476.87,"endTime":1479.21,"body":"groups that have tried to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1479.21,"endTime":1482.21,"body":"evaluate, \"why are we failing to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1479.21,"endTime":1482.21,"body":"translate?\" Because you can"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1482.21,"endTime":1484.97,"body":"imagine we've been looking at"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1482.21,"endTime":1484.97,"body":"stroke for over 100 years trying"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1484.97,"endTime":1488.12,"body":"to come up with treatments. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1484.97,"endTime":1488.12,"body":"one of the big things is we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1488.12,"endTime":1491.75,"body":"studying it in mice and they're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1488.12,"endTime":1491.75,"body":"just not people. And so pigs"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1491.75,"endTime":1495.47,"body":"have similar brain structure. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1491.75,"endTime":1495.47,"body":"we call it gyrencephalic, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1495.47,"endTime":1499.1,"body":"that just means that they have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1495.47,"endTime":1499.1,"body":"gyri, so ridges in the brain,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1499.37,"endTime":1502.13,"body":"and the reason that's important"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1499.37,"endTime":1502.13,"body":"as it affects how the brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1502.13,"endTime":1506.66,"body":"communicates within itself. It"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1502.13,"endTime":1506.66,"body":"also, when we talk about pig"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1506.66,"endTime":1509.48,"body":"brains and human brains and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1506.66,"endTime":1509.48,"body":"rodent brains, the human brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1509.48,"endTime":1512.96,"body":"has more white matter than"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1509.48,"endTime":1512.96,"body":"rodent brains. And so white"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1512.96,"endTime":1516.92,"body":"matter responds and recovers"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1512.96,"endTime":1516.92,"body":"differently from stroke than"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1516.92,"endTime":1520.49,"body":"gray matter. And so, human's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1516.92,"endTime":1520.49,"body":"brains are more than 60% white"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1520.49,"endTime":1524.36,"body":"matter, while rodent brains are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1520.49,"endTime":1524.36,"body":"less than 15% white matter. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1524.36,"endTime":1527.63,"body":"so those are the kinds of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1524.36,"endTime":1527.63,"body":"reasons that we're using the pig"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1527.63,"endTime":1530.69,"body":"model for, because they're just"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1527.63,"endTime":1530.69,"body":"more comparable. So we think"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1530.69,"endTime":1534.02,"body":"we're going to get more human"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1530.69,"endTime":1534.02,"body":"realistic results, if you will."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1534.29,"endTime":1537.86,"body":"Traumatic brain injury is the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1534.29,"endTime":1537.86,"body":"exact same story, so size of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1537.86,"endTime":1541.31,"body":"brain. And also because we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1537.86,"endTime":1541.31,"body":"pediatric, we're interested in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1541.31,"endTime":1544.28,"body":"brain development and how"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1541.31,"endTime":1544.28,"body":"traumatic brain injury affects"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1544.31,"endTime":1547.61,"body":"brain development. And pig"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1544.31,"endTime":1547.61,"body":"brains actually develop in a way"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1547.61,"endTime":1551.36,"body":"that's more similar than rodent"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1547.61,"endTime":1551.36,"body":"brains. So again, more"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1551.36,"endTime":1554.24,"body":"comparable to humans. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1551.36,"endTime":1554.24,"body":"things like growth spurts,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1554.33,"endTime":1557.0,"body":"myelination of the brain, so the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1554.33,"endTime":1557.0,"body":"development of that white"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1557.0,"endTime":1560.6,"body":"matter. So those things are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1557.0,"endTime":1560.6,"body":"critically important. And also,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1560.6,"endTime":1563.51,"body":"we're excited about things like"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1560.6,"endTime":1563.51,"body":"nutrition and how that affects"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1563.54,"endTime":1567.32,"body":"traumatic brain injury. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1563.54,"endTime":1567.32,"body":"we're able to feed them"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1567.32,"endTime":1571.4,"body":"different diets, and pig"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1567.32,"endTime":1571.4,"body":"digestion and nutrition, because"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1571.4,"endTime":1574.79,"body":"they're omnivores is more"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1571.4,"endTime":1574.79,"body":"similar to humans. And so again,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1574.79,"endTime":1578.81,"body":"it's more comparable. And one"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1574.79,"endTime":1578.81,"body":"study that, this is a side note,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1578.81,"endTime":1581.21,"body":"I guess, we're we're really"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1578.81,"endTime":1581.21,"body":"excited about we're doing a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1581.21,"endTime":1585.56,"body":"study with Jesse Schank's lab."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1581.21,"endTime":1585.56,"body":"He's in the vet school here. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1585.56,"endTime":1590.3,"body":"he studies alcoholism. And so we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1585.56,"endTime":1590.3,"body":"were interested in looking at"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1590.33,"endTime":1595.4,"body":"traumatic brain injury, and how"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1590.33,"endTime":1595.4,"body":"it increases addictive behavior,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1595.4,"endTime":1598.76,"body":"and specifically to alcohol. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1595.4,"endTime":1598.76,"body":"a lot of soldiers come back and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1599.03,"endTime":1603.02,"body":"become addicted to alcohol or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1599.03,"endTime":1603.02,"body":"opioids. And so the reason we're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1603.02,"endTime":1606.83,"body":"interested in the pig is rodents"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1603.02,"endTime":1606.83,"body":"innately are not excited about"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1606.83,"endTime":1608.9,"body":"alcohol, they don't like the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1606.83,"endTime":1608.9,"body":"taste, they don't like the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1608.9,"endTime":1613.67,"body":"feeling. However, we discovered"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1608.9,"endTime":1613.67,"body":"that pigs enjoy drinking just as"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1613.67,"endTime":1616.82,"body":"much as you and I do. So."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1613.67,"endTime":1616.82,"body":"[laughs]"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1616.88,"endTime":1618.86,"body":"I will never look"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1616.88,"endTime":1618.86,"body":"at a pig the same way again."},{"speaker":"Everyone","startTime":1618.44,"endTime":1618.47,"body":"[laughter]"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1618.44,"endTime":1618.59,"body":"Right?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1620.39,"endTime":1622.79,"body":"There you go."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1620.39,"endTime":1622.79,"body":"There you go. So now we have a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1622.79,"endTime":1624.77,"body":"pig model of alcoholism as well."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1624.38,"endTime":1624.8,"body":"Wow."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1626.12,"endTime":1628.82,"body":"Well, that might"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1626.12,"endTime":1628.82,"body":"be the takeaway. But, if our"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1628.82,"endTime":1631.55,"body":"listeners could only take away"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1628.82,"endTime":1631.55,"body":"one thing from this conversation"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1631.55,"endTime":1634.25,"body":"today, what do you want them to"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1631.55,"endTime":1634.25,"body":"know about the RBC?"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1634.58,"endTime":1636.77,"body":"So what I would"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1634.58,"endTime":1636.77,"body":"really like them to know is that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1636.77,"endTime":1639.56,"body":"the Regenerative Bioscience"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1636.77,"endTime":1639.56,"body":"Center is committed again to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1639.56,"endTime":1642.77,"body":"solving the world's biggest"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1639.56,"endTime":1642.77,"body":"problems. And we're doing that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1642.77,"endTime":1647.24,"body":"from the very basic science all"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1642.77,"endTime":1647.24,"body":"the way to human clinical"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1647.24,"endTime":1651.71,"body":"trials. And so we've got great"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1647.24,"endTime":1651.71,"body":"work done by researchers like"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1651.71,"endTime":1654.86,"body":"Rachel Galbraith, and she's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1651.71,"endTime":1654.86,"body":"studying the very molecular"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1654.86,"endTime":1658.88,"body":"mechanisms of regeneration. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1654.86,"endTime":1658.88,"body":"she works in an excellent animal"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1658.88,"endTime":1662.93,"body":"model called planarian. So, it's"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1658.88,"endTime":1662.93,"body":"a worm, and what she's shown is"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1662.93,"endTime":1667.34,"body":"you can cut them in half, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1662.93,"endTime":1667.34,"body":"one worm now becomes two. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1667.34,"endTime":1670.16,"body":"the question becomes, \"well, how"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1667.34,"endTime":1670.16,"body":"did that other half of the worm"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1670.16,"endTime":1674.24,"body":"regenerate an entire brain or"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1670.16,"endTime":1674.24,"body":"regenerate other internal"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1674.24,"endTime":1678.68,"body":"organs?\" And so, being able to"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1674.24,"endTime":1678.68,"body":"learn the basic principles of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1678.68,"endTime":1681.35,"body":"tissue regeneration, and then"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1678.68,"endTime":1681.35,"body":"hopefully be able to apply it"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1681.35,"endTime":1685.49,"body":"to, you know, soldiers that have"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1681.35,"endTime":1685.49,"body":"amputated limbs or something of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1685.49,"endTime":1689.24,"body":"the like, and so she's looking"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1685.49,"endTime":1689.24,"body":"at the basic mechanisms. Then we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1689.24,"endTime":1691.67,"body":"have other researchers like"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1689.24,"endTime":1691.67,"body":"Jarrod Call, who's looking at"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1691.7,"endTime":1695.21,"body":"things like volumetric muscle"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1691.7,"endTime":1695.21,"body":"loss. So, going back to soldiers"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1695.21,"endTime":1698.33,"body":"that have been injured in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1695.21,"endTime":1698.33,"body":"Afghanistan, a large chunk of"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1698.33,"endTime":1702.83,"body":"tissue is lost from their calf"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1698.33,"endTime":1702.83,"body":"muscle, for example. So the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1702.83,"endTime":1705.92,"body":"question is, \"how do you help"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1702.83,"endTime":1705.92,"body":"those soldiers recover their"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1705.92,"endTime":1709.46,"body":"ability to to walk and run?\" And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1705.92,"endTime":1709.46,"body":"so that tissue is completely"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1709.46,"endTime":1713.39,"body":"gone? Well he's looking at"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1709.46,"endTime":1713.39,"body":"mitochondria, and how you're"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1713.39,"endTime":1716.72,"body":"able to ramp up the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1713.39,"endTime":1716.72,"body":"mitochondria's function. So"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1716.72,"endTime":1719.21,"body":"they're the powerhouse of the"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1716.72,"endTime":1719.21,"body":"cell, right? And so they produce"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1719.3,"endTime":1724.07,"body":"the energy, ATP, right? So how"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1719.3,"endTime":1724.07,"body":"do you ramp up their function so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1724.07,"endTime":1727.67,"body":"they can compensate? And so, and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1724.07,"endTime":1727.67,"body":"then he's also doing some"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1727.67,"endTime":1730.61,"body":"exciting things, looking at"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1727.67,"endTime":1730.61,"body":"rehabilitation. I've talked a"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1730.61,"endTime":1733.28,"body":"lot about some really high end"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1730.61,"endTime":1733.28,"body":"science, right, stem cell"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1733.28,"endTime":1737.12,"body":"therapies and hydrogels and"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1733.28,"endTime":1737.12,"body":"things of that nature. But, I"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1737.12,"endTime":1740.66,"body":"mean, there's really basic"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1737.12,"endTime":1740.66,"body":"things out there like, well,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1740.69,"endTime":1745.16,"body":"does exercise improve brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1740.69,"endTime":1745.16,"body":"recovery after traumatic brain"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1745.16,"endTime":1748.46,"body":"injury or muscle loss? And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1745.16,"endTime":1748.46,"body":"he's looking at some of those"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1748.61,"endTime":1751.97,"body":"things that you can deploy now;"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1748.61,"endTime":1751.97,"body":"they're not 10 years away,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1752.06,"endTime":1755.0,"body":"something that you can actually"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1752.06,"endTime":1755.0,"body":"apply in the hospital that are"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1755.0,"endTime":1758.93,"body":"well tolerated today. And so"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1755.0,"endTime":1758.93,"body":"he's asking basic questions. And"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1758.93,"endTime":1762.23,"body":"then people like Steve Stice,"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1758.93,"endTime":1762.23,"body":"who is taking his neural stem"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1762.23,"endTime":1766.34,"body":"cell extracellular vesicles into"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1762.23,"endTime":1766.34,"body":"human clinical trials. And so we"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1766.34,"endTime":1769.67,"body":"have everything from A to Z in"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1766.34,"endTime":1769.67,"body":"our pipeline and I'm really"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1769.67,"endTime":1771.14,"body":"excited about the work that"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1769.67,"endTime":1771.14,"body":"we're doing."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1772.59,"endTime":1775.05,"body":"Dr. West, thank"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1772.59,"endTime":1775.05,"body":"you so much for joining us"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1775.05,"endTime":1779.76,"body":"today. This was an engaging,"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1775.05,"endTime":1779.76,"body":"enlightening conversation."},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1780.21,"endTime":1782.79,"body":"Certainly, I think we can dive"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1780.21,"endTime":1782.79,"body":"deeper on so many of these"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1782.79,"endTime":1786.51,"body":"topics. But in lieu of honoring"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1782.79,"endTime":1786.51,"body":"your time today, we'll let you"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1786.51,"endTime":1788.73,"body":"go. But thank you for being with"},{"speaker":"Jordan Powers","startTime":1786.51,"endTime":1788.73,"body":"us this afternoon."},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1788.94,"endTime":1790.89,"body":"Thank you so much"},{"speaker":"Franklin West","startTime":1788.94,"endTime":1790.89,"body":"for inviting me, it was fun."},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1792.15,"endTime":1793.8,"body":"Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1792.15,"endTime":1793.8,"body":"listening to \"Cultivating"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1793.8,"endTime":1797.25,"body":"Curiosity,\" a podcast produced"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1793.8,"endTime":1797.25,"body":"by the UGA College of"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1797.25,"endTime":1800.7,"body":"Agricultural and Environmental"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1797.25,"endTime":1800.7,"body":"Sciences. A special thanks to"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1800.7,"endTime":1804.09,"body":"Mason McClintock for our music"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1800.7,"endTime":1804.09,"body":"and sound effects. Find more"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1804.09,"endTime":1806.52,"body":"episodes wherever you get your"},{"speaker":"Emily Davenport","startTime":1804.09,"endTime":1806.52,"body":"podcasts."}]}