{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":0.3,"endTime":2.642,"body":"[upbeat music] How do you view artificial"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2.642,"endTime":5.319,"body":"intelligence within a biblical and theological framework? What"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":5.319,"endTime":8.331,"body":"are some of the positive prospects for using artificial"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":8.331,"endTime":11.677,"body":"intelligence in sort of, in redemptive ways? And what are"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":11.677,"endTime":15.023,"body":"some, what are some of the ethical challenges posed by"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":15.023,"endTime":18.704,"body":"artificial intelligence as well? We're here with one of our AI"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":18.704,"endTime":22.72,"body":"gurus on the campus, Professor Yohan Lee, who is the Associate"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":22.72,"endTime":26.066,"body":"Dean for Technology at Biola University. We'll let him spell"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":26.066,"endTime":30.751,"body":"out a little bit more about what that role involves. But, we are"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":30.751,"endTime":34.766,"body":"so excited to have you educate our listeners about some of the"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":34.766,"endTime":38.447,"body":"prospects and perils of AI, some of the things you're excited"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":38.447,"endTime":42.462,"body":"about, some of the things you're nervous about related to AI. So"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":42.462,"endTime":45.14,"body":"welcome. Really glad to have you with us."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":45.14,"endTime":45.479,"body":"Thank you,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":46.02,"endTime":48.799,"body":"Scott and Sean. Thank you for inviting me. I'm super excited"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":48.799,"endTime":49.38,"body":"to be here."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":50.32,"endTime":52.34,"body":"Yes, as far as my role is concerned,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":53.359,"endTime":53.479,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":54.679,"endTime":59.32,"body":"run the divisions for, math, computer science, robotics,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":59.32,"endTime":62.159,"body":"physics, and engineering, and so that's how we define technology"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":62.159,"endTime":62.52,"body":"here."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":62.52,"endTime":64.299,"body":"Okay, that's, that's, that's, that's quite an"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":64.299,"endTime":64.879,"body":"umbrella. [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":64.879,"endTime":65.34,"body":"Yeah. [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":65.34,"endTime":67.239,"body":"There's, there's a lot, there's a lot that fits"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":67.239,"endTime":67.739,"body":"into that."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":67.739,"endTime":68.239,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":68.239,"endTime":70.4,"body":"And what-- Your background specifically is in"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":70.4,"endTime":71.34,"body":"what area?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":71.34,"endTime":72.2,"body":"Yes. So,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":73.159,"endTime":76.799,"body":"early days, I started out in molecular neuroscience, which"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":76.799,"endTime":80.54,"body":"is, understanding how the brain works, how the brain processes-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":80.54,"endTime":84.64,"body":"... Information, learns, connotes, cogitates, calculates."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":85.719,"endTime":86.18,"body":"And,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":86.84,"endTime":89.629,"body":"then I went into cancer research for a number of years- ..."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":89.629,"endTime":92.48,"body":"Specifically in brain cancers, because I knew the brain pretty"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":92.48,"endTime":92.9,"body":"well."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":92.9,"endTime":93.68,"body":"Makes sense."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":93.68,"endTime":94.359,"body":"And then,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":95.26,"endTime":98.42,"body":"at that time, the human genome had come out, so that was"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":98.42,"endTime":101.4,"body":"really- ... The advent of high-quality, high-resolution"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":101.4,"endTime":102.76,"body":"big data. And now,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":103.4,"endTime":107.159,"body":"with electronic medical records and then MRIs, you complex that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":107.159,"endTime":111.939,"body":"all together, and that gives you a formula for really good AI,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":111.939,"endTime":116.34,"body":"because now you have data that's visual in the MRI, you have data"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":116.34,"endTime":119.9,"body":"that is text, coming from the electronic medical record, and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":119.9,"endTime":122.68,"body":"then you have high-resolution signal data coming from the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":122.68,"endTime":123.819,"body":"genome. And so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":124.519,"endTime":126.439,"body":"that's how I got into machine learning."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":126.439,"endTime":129.58,"body":"How urgent and pressing is it at Biola and"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":129.58,"endTime":133.599,"body":"beyond to deal with this? Like a, like a nine on a ten-point"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":133.599,"endTime":136.9,"body":"scale, like a five? Like, talk us through, 'cause people feel"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":136.9,"endTime":139.96,"body":"it in the wider culture, things are shifting, but from the"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":139.96,"endTime":141.469,"body":"inside, give us your sense."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":141.469,"endTime":144.03,"body":"That's a great question. I'm gonna date myself."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":144.03,"endTime":144.03,"body":"[chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":144.03,"endTime":144.08,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":144.08,"endTime":147.03,"body":"This is turning it into an eleven, right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":147.58,"endTime":148.109,"body":"And the-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":148.109,"endTime":148.139,"body":"Oh, wow!"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":148.139,"endTime":153.159,"body":"Yeah. And the reason is because, like, I feel this is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":153.159,"endTime":155.3,"body":"a time for us to call Christians"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":155.819,"endTime":160.84,"body":"into technology in a broader call. And the reason for that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":160.84,"endTime":163.879,"body":"is, it's actually one of the most exciting times in science"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":163.879,"endTime":164.659,"body":"and technology"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":165.93,"endTime":169.58,"body":"th-- than in the last fifteen years, specifically in the areas"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":169.58,"endTime":174.539,"body":"of math, physics, and AI. And what I mean by that is this-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":175.199,"endTime":178.379,"body":"So on the one hand, you know, just last week, Harvard"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":178.379,"endTime":181.96,"body":"acknowledges that they had to create a remedial math course,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":181.96,"endTime":186.939,"body":"MA5, because of America's math collapse. And this is because,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":186.939,"endTime":191.52,"body":"in part, of we're, we're still coming out of COVID. And then"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":191.52,"endTime":194.659,"body":"the National Education Assessment test,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":195.34,"endTime":197.319,"body":"when they looked at eighth graders and their math"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":197.319,"endTime":201.5,"body":"proficiency, seventy percent of those math, students in eighth"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":201.5,"endTime":207.439,"body":"grade could not hit proficiency. And so on that side, we are at a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":207.439,"endTime":210.919,"body":"serious lack of bench strength right here in our nation. On the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":210.919,"endTime":213.599,"body":"other side of it, you have the most sophisticated"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":213.599,"endTime":215.06,"body":"mathematicians and physicists"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":215.62,"endTime":218.8,"body":"building the AI of the future, which is driving trillions in"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":218.8,"endTime":223.3,"body":"economic activity, both here and abroad. And so on that side, you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":223.3,"endTime":228.099,"body":"see these tremendous opportunities. And because AI is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":228.099,"endTime":228.78,"body":"telling us"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":229.68,"endTime":233.9,"body":"what it analyzes, what it reads, and how it suggests to us what"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":233.9,"endTime":239.319,"body":"we think may be fact or fiction or useful or copyrightable, if"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":239.319,"endTime":244.699,"body":"you don't have absolute, values in place- ... That point to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":244.699,"endTime":249.699,"body":"absolute truth, you waste a lot of time, money, and energy on"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":249.699,"endTime":250.879,"body":"relativism."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":250.879,"endTime":252.419,"body":"Let, let's back up just a second."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":252.419,"endTime":252.52,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":253.479,"endTime":254.039,"body":"Briefly."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":254.039,"endTime":254.409,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":254.409,"endTime":257.269,"body":"And tell us a little bit about how you frame"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":257.269,"endTime":258.319,"body":"technology-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":258.319,"endTime":258.509,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":258.509,"endTime":260.86,"body":"... Biblically and theologically."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":260.86,"endTime":263.04,"body":"From a definitional perspective, technology is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":263.04,"endTime":265.48,"body":"applied science. And what is science, right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":266.12,"endTime":268.839,"body":"Science is the ability to observe and reproduce and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":268.839,"endTime":272.639,"body":"discover that which is in our physical and our natural world."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":272.639,"endTime":276.339,"body":"And all of those things are the things that God created. And the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":276.339,"endTime":279.54,"body":"most powerful forces in this universe, our known universe,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":279.54,"endTime":282.98,"body":"are the invisible forces. And that's where, you know, physics"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":282.98,"endTime":285.339,"body":"comes into play, and that's where what we learn from the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":285.339,"endTime":289.6,"body":"Bible comes into play. And so for me, the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":290.56,"endTime":292.42,"body":"production of our natural universe"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":293.079,"endTime":294.48,"body":"came from Christ"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":295.18,"endTime":299.339,"body":"as that purveyor, if you will. Creation flowed through Him with"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":299.339,"endTime":303.98,"body":"the Holy Spirit. And so because of that, I have many times in my"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":303.98,"endTime":307.55,"body":"scientific career, looked under the microscope or looked at data"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":307.55,"endTime":311.439,"body":"and felt an unbelievable conviction that this must be,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":311.439,"endTime":312.62,"body":"like, the work of God."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":312.62,"endTime":314.819,"body":"So what... But the, but the Fall-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":314.819,"endTime":315.18,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":315.18,"endTime":316.18,"body":"... Certainly-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":316.18,"endTime":316.189,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":316.189,"endTime":317.5,"body":"... Complicates technology."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":317.5,"endTime":318.16,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":318.16,"endTime":320.759,"body":"How, how do you factor that into your framework?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":320.759,"endTime":323.62,"body":"Okay, that's a really amazing question. I'm so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":323.62,"endTime":324.819,"body":"glad [chuckles] that you asked that."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":324.819,"endTime":325.379,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":325.379,"endTime":328.5,"body":"So, you know, pre-Fall, one way we could think"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":328.5,"endTime":332.319,"body":"about things is that God intended us to be the stewards"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":332.319,"endTime":336.579,"body":"of His natural creation on this earth. That's tending towards"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":336.579,"endTime":339.24,"body":"the earth. It's, it's the minerals, it's the water, it's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":339.24,"endTime":344.1,"body":"the food, it's everything on our planet. Post-Fall-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":344.1,"endTime":344.199,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":344.199,"endTime":347.56,"body":"... That mandate never went away. We are still"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":347.56,"endTime":349.43,"body":"responsible for tending to the Earth."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":349.43,"endTime":350.019,"body":"Agreed."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":350.019,"endTime":353.699,"body":"And post-Fall, I think the added responsibility"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":353.699,"endTime":357.279,"body":"to us is- What can we do with the material resources He has"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":357.279,"endTime":359.54,"body":"given us and our ability to discover these material"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":359.54,"endTime":363.759,"body":"resources? How do we then use those to redeem the Earth and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":363.759,"endTime":363.968,"body":"make"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":364.519,"endTime":367.439,"body":"b-... The work of our hands, and our minds, and our hearts"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":367.439,"endTime":371.56,"body":"redemptive. And so for that, it is what I call redemptive AI,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":371.56,"endTime":373.42,"body":"for example, is using AI"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":373.98,"endTime":378.079,"body":"to essentially address and heal the sins of the world, which is,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":378.079,"endTime":382.98,"body":"can we use AI to, create machine translation so that every person"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":382.98,"endTime":386.699,"body":"on the Earth can understand the Bible, right? As a, as a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":386.699,"endTime":388.24,"body":"response against Babel."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":388.24,"endTime":388.92,"body":"Awesome. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":388.92,"endTime":390.098,"body":"Can we use,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":390.639,"endTime":394.98,"body":"AI to develop new carbon nanotubes to filter pathogens in"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":394.98,"endTime":398.418,"body":"areas of the world where water access is challenging? Can we"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":398.418,"endTime":402.62,"body":"use AI to empower drones to deliver blood products in parts"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":402.62,"endTime":406.259,"body":"of Africa for pregnant women where they don't have access to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":406.259,"endTime":409.18,"body":"refrigeration? And there's a wonderful company called Zipline"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":409.18,"endTime":411.658,"body":"that does that, right? And so it's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":412.279,"endTime":415.8,"body":"take all this capability that we have, you know, and God"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":415.8,"endTime":417.158,"body":"gave us the hint in Babel"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":417.718,"endTime":420.579,"body":"that there's almost nothing impossible out of our reach- ..."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":420.579,"endTime":422.879,"body":"If we do it in a way that could be edifying"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":423.459,"endTime":427.5,"body":"and for all the people that occupy this wonderful Earth."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":427.5,"endTime":429.62,"body":"So how do we do it? That's, that's the"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":429.62,"endTime":432.959,"body":"task, right? You said do it in a way that's edifying."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":432.959,"endTime":433.439,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":433.439,"endTime":434.779,"body":"Reverse the fall-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":434.779,"endTime":435.06,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":435.06,"endTime":437.158,"body":"... Or carry out the cultural mandate."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":437.158,"endTime":437.48,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":437.48,"endTime":439.418,"body":"But there's a ton of people going, \"Well, AI,"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":439.418,"endTime":441.379,"body":"in principle, is taking my job.\""},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":441.379,"endTime":441.8,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":441.8,"endTime":444.149,"body":"It's doing what used to be-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":444.149,"endTime":444.149,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":444.149,"endTime":445.56,"body":"... Or at least was considered"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":446.079,"endTime":446.98,"body":"human tasks."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":446.98,"endTime":447.579,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":447.579,"endTime":450.718,"body":"And things are becoming dehumanized now."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":450.718,"endTime":450.959,"body":"Yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":450.959,"endTime":453.158,"body":"So is it that the technology is neutral and"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":453.158,"endTime":454.6,"body":"can be used for good-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":454.6,"endTime":455.079,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":455.079,"endTime":456.639,"body":"... And can be used for bad?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":456.639,"endTime":456.779,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":456.779,"endTime":458.959,"body":"I presume you view AI that way."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":458.959,"endTime":459.439,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":459.439,"endTime":461.939,"body":"But how do we do it in a way that's edifying?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":461.939,"endTime":463.56,"body":"Yeah, yeah. So,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":464.079,"endTime":466.5,"body":"eh, it starts... This is kind of where objective measures matter,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":466.5,"endTime":467.279,"body":"right? And"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":467.899,"endTime":470.43,"body":"it starts by being able to master the technology, right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":470.43,"endTime":473.259,"body":"And this is why I'm trying to do a call for people, Christians,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":473.259,"endTime":477.3,"body":"to come into technology, right? Here at Biola, you know, we talk"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":477.3,"endTime":480.038,"body":"about being brilliant for Christ. What does that mean"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":480.038,"endTime":480.85,"body":"here?"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":480.85,"endTime":480.86,"body":"Love it."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":480.86,"endTime":481.418,"body":"It means"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":482.519,"endTime":484.899,"body":"you're never gonna be able to convince or persuade anyone who"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":484.899,"endTime":488.839,"body":"is secular in technology to espouse these same values that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":488.839,"endTime":492.18,"body":"we have, unless they respect you. And they're gonna respect"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":492.18,"endTime":494.36,"body":"you when you are excellent. You are bringing something to the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":494.36,"endTime":498.019,"body":"table that is- ... Undeniably high quality, high caliber,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":498.019,"endTime":500.819,"body":"where they say, \"Whoa, this person's got some serious game"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":500.819,"endTime":503.658,"body":"here.\" And that goes back to, you know, if you wanna be able"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":503.658,"endTime":507.298,"body":"to do AI really well, it goes back to math and physics, right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":507.298,"endTime":509.98,"body":"Being able to do those things well, merge that in computer"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":509.98,"endTime":510.918,"body":"science. But"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":511.459,"endTime":513.678,"body":"to answer the question that you're trying to say at a larger"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":513.678,"endTime":516.879,"body":"level, you know, at a meta level, at a metacognitive level-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":516.879,"endTime":516.889,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":516.889,"endTime":519.019,"body":"... What are we talking about here? AI is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":519.019,"endTime":522.639,"body":"fantastic. Why has it grabbed traction in the market? AI is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":522.639,"endTime":524.879,"body":"fantastic when it allows us to practice at the top of our"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":524.879,"endTime":530.639,"body":"license. You know, really taking what we do really well, and then"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":530.639,"endTime":532.84,"body":"being that perfect assistant that can help us"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":534.22,"endTime":537.44,"body":"pose questions that we have not posed, explore things that we"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":537.44,"endTime":541.12,"body":"haven't explored. And I'll give a concrete example. So, not too"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":541.12,"endTime":544.74,"body":"long ago, about a month ago, a bunch of,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":545.279,"endTime":545.799,"body":"[tsking]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":546.399,"endTime":551.139,"body":"semiconductor chip scientists who build, Wi-Fi, antennas for"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":551.139,"endTime":554.159,"body":"cell phones and technology, were trying to come up with a new"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":554.159,"endTime":557.779,"body":"circuit design. And they used AI to come up with a whole new"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":557.779,"endTime":560.86,"body":"series of circuit designs, and it did it within a month, which"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":560.86,"endTime":565.84,"body":"normally takes about a quarter. And the shocking, awesome part"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":565.84,"endTime":569.279,"body":"was it came up with circuit designs that were completely"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":569.279,"endTime":570.919,"body":"contrary to human intuition-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":570.919,"endTime":571.028,"body":"Huh"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":571.028,"endTime":572.519,"body":"... And human best practices, and human"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":572.519,"endTime":575.679,"body":"capabilities. But these brand-new designs were more"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":575.679,"endTime":578.94,"body":"performant, more power efficient, and more effective."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":578.94,"endTime":582.419,"body":"That's when AI gets exciting. That's when we can use it to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":582.419,"endTime":585.659,"body":"help us at the top of our license, rather than using it"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":585.659,"endTime":588.6,"body":"to, like, say, cheat on a writing exam or something like"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":588.6,"endTime":588.909,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":588.909,"endTime":588.909,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":588.909,"endTime":589.318,"body":"And so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":590.1,"endTime":592.6,"body":"that's where I feel AI is useful- ... Where it helps us"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":592.6,"endTime":596.34,"body":"explore and discover things that, because of our intuition"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":596.34,"endTime":600.779,"body":"or our history, historical preference, or our, training,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":600.779,"endTime":604.22,"body":"for example, may give us a bias to never consider areas of"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":604.22,"endTime":605.559,"body":"unexplored thought."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":605.559,"endTime":607.559,"body":"I think if the cell phone towers change, we're all"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":607.559,"endTime":609.039,"body":"gonna have to buy new phones-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":609.039,"endTime":609.279,"body":"Right"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":609.279,"endTime":610.078,"body":"... Immediately."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":610.078,"endTime":611.24,"body":"Yeah, [chuckles] that's a fact."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":611.24,"endTime":612.179,"body":"Something like that."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":612.179,"endTime":615.2,"body":"So I'll give you an example to that, right? So 6G is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":615.2,"endTime":618.74,"body":"maybe five year, four years away from coming right now, and the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":618.74,"endTime":623.028,"body":"current 6G technology, this is, this is fantastic, actually"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":623.028,"endTime":626.759,"body":"doubles the volume and speed of data that can travel from 5G. So"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":626.759,"endTime":629.019,"body":"we're not talking an incremental increase, we're talking a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":629.019,"endTime":630.399,"body":"significant increase."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":630.399,"endTime":631.019,"body":"Crazy."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":631.019,"endTime":632.94,"body":"And what that increase means, you know, on an"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":632.94,"endTime":637.36,"body":"entertainment level is, you know, from 5G to 6G, you will be"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":637.36,"endTime":640.2,"body":"able to download an entire season from Netflix in minutes"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":640.2,"endTime":645.62,"body":"now, not entire episodes, entire season in minutes. That's the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":645.62,"endTime":646.019,"body":"doubling-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":646.019,"endTime":646.089,"body":"Yeah. Yeah"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":646.089,"endTime":647.74,"body":"... Effect of what 6G can do instead of 5."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":647.74,"endTime":649.379,"body":"But that raises the question, like-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":649.379,"endTime":649.45,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":649.45,"endTime":650.679,"body":"... Is this good?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":650.679,"endTime":651.059,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":651.059,"endTime":652.24,"body":"Or is this not good?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":652.24,"endTime":652.328,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":652.328,"endTime":654.429,"body":"Do we need a full season- [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":654.429,"endTime":654.429,"body":"Correct"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":654.429,"endTime":654.899,"body":"... Of Netflix-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":654.899,"endTime":655.099,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":655.099,"endTime":656.86,"body":"... In minutes? We don't ask that question in"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":656.86,"endTime":656.879,"body":"our culture."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":656.879,"endTime":657.419,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":657.419,"endTime":659.74,"body":"We just move forward with efficiency is good."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":659.74,"endTime":660.259,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":660.259,"endTime":662.539,"body":"But I could also imagine in some settings where"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":662.539,"endTime":665.159,"body":"that efficiency is good."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":665.159,"endTime":665.299,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":665.299,"endTime":667.009,"body":"I'm not against Netflix down-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":667.009,"endTime":667.009,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":667.009,"endTime":668.539,"body":"... Like, that's, I think that's actually"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":668.539,"endTime":668.818,"body":"awesome-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":668.818,"endTime":668.828,"body":"Right"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":668.828,"endTime":670.62,"body":"... About to jump on a plane, but there are"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":670.62,"endTime":671.72,"body":"side effects from that-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":671.72,"endTime":671.818,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":671.818,"endTime":673.639,"body":"... Maybe we don't think through-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":673.639,"endTime":674.279,"body":"Correct"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":674.279,"endTime":676.5,"body":"... That could have, you know, impacts on"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":676.5,"endTime":677.379,"body":"culture."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":677.379,"endTime":680.019,"body":"So people ask me- What is the value of a liberal"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":680.019,"endTime":682.25,"body":"arts education in a technology school?"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":682.25,"endTime":683.399,"body":"That's a great question."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":683.399,"endTime":683.94,"body":"And I said,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":684.62,"endTime":687.46,"body":"\"It's incredibly valuable.\" And, and they asked me why, and I"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":687.46,"endTime":687.99,"body":"said, \"Because"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":689.099,"endTime":693.519,"body":"careers in technology, whether we like it or not, are gonna be"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":693.519,"endTime":696.12,"body":"the most lucrative and influential for the next 50"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":696.12,"endTime":701.299,"body":"years because of what it affords humanity. It's convenience, it's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":701.299,"endTime":704.399,"body":"a capability, it's communication, it's education,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":704.399,"endTime":704.599,"body":"it's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":705.12,"endTime":707.818,"body":"the ability to create energy cleanly,\" right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":709.299,"endTime":712.519,"body":"But the question that you asked is the most important question."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":712.519,"endTime":712.74,"body":"If"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":713.36,"endTime":717.94,"body":"we, who espouse the Lord in Christ and biblical values, are"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":717.94,"endTime":720.559,"body":"not the leaders in that space, then we are not the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":720.559,"endTime":722.089,"body":"decision-makers in that space."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":723.078,"endTime":725.578,"body":"When you are the leader, and you lead by excellence and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":725.578,"endTime":728.779,"body":"brilliance, then you do- you get that seat at the table, and you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":728.779,"endTime":732.759,"body":"are influencing the decision.... And that in- decision often"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":732.759,"endTime":735.86,"body":"sometimes will hit a b- hit up against Wall Street and the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":735.86,"endTime":738.259,"body":"commercial interests involved that are- ... Demanding a return"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":738.259,"endTime":741.0,"body":"on investment. Now,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":741.669,"endTime":742.6,"body":"Wall Street is important."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":743.179,"endTime":746.259,"body":"Raising capital is important. If you invest in something, you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":746.259,"endTime":748.98,"body":"getting a return on investment is important. It's moral, it's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":748.98,"endTime":753.7,"body":"ethical, [chuckles] but at what cost? And do we then continue to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":753.7,"endTime":758.639,"body":"do the work that is excellent, but then also ethical and purely"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":759.36,"endTime":763.1,"body":"refutable? It has to be that way, otherwise, we'll continue"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":763.1,"endTime":763.5,"body":"to be"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":764.44,"endTime":766.379,"body":"brilliant geniuses who are gonna do"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":767.559,"endTime":770.46,"body":"horrible, detestable things to others- ... At the cost of what"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":770.46,"endTime":771.799,"body":"it takes to satisfy"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":772.519,"endTime":774.029,"body":"Wall Street quarterlies."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":774.029,"endTime":778.24,"body":"And you de- you described AI as coming alongside"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":778.24,"endTime":778.86,"body":"of us-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":778.86,"endTime":779.389,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":779.389,"endTime":781.5,"body":"... And helping us elevate our game."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":781.5,"endTime":782.399,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":782.399,"endTime":784.7,"body":"How, what- how do you distinguish between the"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":784.7,"endTime":786.98,"body":"applications of it that actually do that-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":786.98,"endTime":787.059,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":787.58,"endTime":789.36,"body":"... Or things that replace-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":789.36,"endTime":789.519,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":790.08,"endTime":791.139,"body":"... Parts of our game?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":791.139,"endTime":792.36,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":792.36,"endTime":794.419,"body":"And so, and I think what you described,"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":794.419,"endTime":797.559,"body":"Sean, diminish us from being fully human."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":797.559,"endTime":797.72,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":797.72,"endTime":798.419,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":798.419,"endTime":800.519,"body":"Yeah. So, [chuckles] believe it or not, it's gonna"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":800.519,"endTime":803.509,"body":"come down to our heart. And here's an example of that-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":804.039,"endTime":805.98,"body":"So on the one hand, yes, I am"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":806.519,"endTime":806.818,"body":"very"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":807.96,"endTime":811.98,"body":"cautious and skeptical when AI can take away jobs of folks who,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":811.98,"endTime":814.139,"body":"because they didn't have education access or opportunity"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":814.139,"endTime":815.6,"body":"access or economic access,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":816.12,"endTime":816.48,"body":"yes,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":817.36,"endTime":819.46,"body":"jobs will be taken away from folks,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":820.62,"endTime":826.47,"body":"at a lower, socioeconomic status. That w- that grieves my"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":826.47,"endTime":830.48,"body":"heart. I'm always then looking for new jobs that we can supply-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":830.48,"endTime":830.649,"body":"Sure"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":830.649,"endTime":833.419,"body":"... And careers for folks who may be losing their"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":833.419,"endTime":836.039,"body":"jobs, because I know that demand signal will continue to be"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":836.039,"endTime":839.559,"body":"there, and so I always look for new jobs that a human then"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":839.559,"endTime":843.149,"body":"can do in that space. That's one. The second part of it is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":843.659,"endTime":846.6,"body":"access in the other sense of economics. And so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":847.6,"endTime":850.24,"body":"I know schools in Nigeria, elementary, primary, secondary"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":850.24,"endTime":852.94,"body":"schools, that have literally thousands and thousands of"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":852.94,"endTime":854.37,"body":"students within their student body,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":855.159,"endTime":859.24,"body":"and they have only a fraction of qualified instructors."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":860.139,"endTime":864.059,"body":"And so for those schools, they literally meet on a roadside"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":864.059,"endTime":868.299,"body":"under a tree, because that's how close that student can walk from"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":868.299,"endTime":872.72,"body":"their village to that school, and that instructor is likely"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":872.72,"endTime":877.029,"body":"not to have a four-year education in a particular area."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":877.029,"endTime":880.46,"body":"And so for them, that's access to student education for that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":880.46,"endTime":884.34,"body":"instructor who cares and loves that student but may not have,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":884.34,"endTime":887.44,"body":"you know, two years of geometry to be able to pass on. That's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":887.44,"endTime":888.279,"body":"where I feel like"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":888.899,"endTime":892.379,"body":"that technology can make the difference for those folks and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":892.379,"endTime":893.74,"body":"for those students."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":893.74,"endTime":897.24,"body":"So let's spell out a little bit further. What"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":897.24,"endTime":899.6,"body":"are some of the things that make you nervous?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":899.6,"endTime":900.0,"body":"Oh, yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":900.0,"endTime":903.039,"body":"What are some of the applications of AI that,"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":903.039,"endTime":906.539,"body":"that just sort of, I don't know, make you just sort of"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":906.539,"endTime":907.539,"body":"clutch in your gut-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":907.539,"endTime":907.71,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":907.71,"endTime":908.379,"body":"... And think-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":908.379,"endTime":910.2,"body":"Maybe wake you up at night now and then."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":910.2,"endTime":910.21,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":910.21,"endTime":911.609,"body":"Yeah, keep you- [laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":911.609,"endTime":911.609,"body":"Yeah. [laughing]"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":911.609,"endTime":911.659,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":911.659,"endTime":913.259,"body":"So, you know, when I was a kid,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":914.34,"endTime":915.86,"body":"you know, growing up here in the States,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":916.539,"endTime":919.259,"body":"when I saw something on television, when I saw something"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":919.259,"endTime":922.679,"body":"on Sesame Street, you know, when I saw something on PBS, I would"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":922.679,"endTime":926.0,"body":"trust it, 'cause in my mind, I actually thought to myself,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":927.0,"endTime":931.46,"body":"you know, Americans wouldn't allow content to be on TV for"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":931.46,"endTime":937.059,"body":"kids if it wasn't approved for kids. And so I remember when I"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":937.059,"endTime":941.379,"body":"was in class, in s- in school, and my teacher would tell"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":941.379,"endTime":944.048,"body":"me, \"Ain't is not a real word.\" [laughing]"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":944.048,"endTime":944.059,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":944.059,"endTime":947.679,"body":"And I said, \"But I saw it on TV.\" And I thought,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":947.679,"endTime":951.44,"body":"\"Whoa!\" That was a cognitive collision in my mind. Why was"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":951.44,"endTime":954.24,"body":"ain't, you know, people and actors saying the word ain't on"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":954.24,"endTime":958.46,"body":"TV okay if ain't's not a real word? So I had this preconceived"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":958.46,"endTime":962.1,"body":"notion that what you allow on TV is something that's approved and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":962.1,"endTime":965.09,"body":"cared for and curated for young minds."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":966.58,"endTime":968.24,"body":"Because of deep fake technology,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":969.019,"endTime":972.6,"body":"that same preconceived notion goes right into the garbage,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":972.6,"endTime":977.889,"body":"because now you can see videos of a president of a nation-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":977.889,"endTime":977.889,"body":"Oh, man"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":977.889,"endTime":981.74,"body":"... Doing something, and for young children and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":981.74,"endTime":984.84,"body":"discerning audiences, they don't know if that's a deep fake or"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":984.84,"endTime":988.22,"body":"not. You know, as a technologist, whenever we build"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":988.22,"endTime":991.399,"body":"a product for general availability, the first question"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":991.399,"endTime":994.818,"body":"that we always ask ourselves is- Could my grandmother use this?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":995.48,"endTime":996.919,"body":"How would my grandmother use this?"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":996.919,"endTime":997.179,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":997.179,"endTime":999.419,"body":"How would my grandfather use this? How would"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":999.419,"endTime":1003.22,"body":"my spouse use this? How would my children use this? We usually do"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1003.22,"endTime":1005.649,"body":"a 360 of a user profile."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1006.36,"endTime":1010.078,"body":"But when more and more of those cannot be checked off the box,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1010.078,"endTime":1014.578,"body":"it tells us, \"No, [chuckles] we are not designing the technology"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1014.578,"endTime":1018.48,"body":"in a way that makes sense for all people that then can benefit"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1018.48,"endTime":1020.899,"body":"from it.\" So it makes me nervous. You know, deep fake is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1020.899,"endTime":1024.359,"body":"one of them. Influencing democracies and elections is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1024.359,"endTime":1028.73,"body":"another one. So those are the things that make me nervous."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1028.73,"endTime":1030.098,"body":"So we've asked what makes you nervous. Give me"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1030.098,"endTime":1033.259,"body":"an example of a technology, and you gave one earlier about-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1033.259,"endTime":1033.45,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1033.45,"endTime":1034.68,"body":"... You know, 6G."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1034.68,"endTime":1035.039,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1035.039,"endTime":1037.9,"body":"But one of AI that just blows you away. And,"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1037.9,"endTime":1040.299,"body":"and I ask this 'cause I had a chance to interview John Lennox-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1040.299,"endTime":1040.5,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1040.5,"endTime":1040.94,"body":"... A while ago."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1040.94,"endTime":1040.95,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1040.95,"endTime":1043.328,"body":"He has a book, 2084, on this."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1043.328,"endTime":1043.38,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1043.38,"endTime":1045.039,"body":"And you would understand this way better than"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1045.039,"endTime":1047.2,"body":"I do, but he was talking about how grad students would just"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1047.2,"endTime":1051.92,"body":"kind of work on certain DNA or genome, and it would take, like,"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1051.92,"endTime":1053.519,"body":"five years to do one."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1053.519,"endTime":1054.099,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1054.099,"endTime":1055.819,"body":"And now with AI, it's like [snaps fingers]"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1055.819,"endTime":1056.44,"body":"moments-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1056.44,"endTime":1056.469,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1056.469,"endTime":1059.24,"body":"... You can just nail it. So we've done millions"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1059.24,"endTime":1059.388,"body":"now."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1059.388,"endTime":1059.4,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1059.4,"endTime":1062.2,"body":"Like, that's an incredible technology. Tell me"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1062.2,"endTime":1064.579,"body":"one where you're just blown away at what AI can do."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1064.579,"endTime":1067.18,"body":"Yeah. I'll give you two quick ones, actually. So,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1067.18,"endTime":1069.559,"body":"you know, see your bet, raise you one. So I'm a huge fan of-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1069.559,"endTime":1069.63,"body":"Good, do it"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1069.63,"endTime":1070.519,"body":"... Professor Lennox."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1070.519,"endTime":1070.819,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1070.819,"endTime":1072.599,"body":"I was really excited about that you had him on the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1072.599,"endTime":1075.519,"body":"show. So we'll-- let me use the health one for a second then,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1075.519,"endTime":1075.66,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1075.66,"endTime":1076.16,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1076.16,"endTime":1079.16,"body":"So the human genome right now, you know, we can get"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1079.16,"endTime":1083.339,"body":"a high-resolution whole genome cranked out within hours now,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1083.339,"endTime":1087.759,"body":"which is fantastic, and it's true. So back in my day, a PhD-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1087.759,"endTime":1087.789,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1087.789,"endTime":1090.339,"body":"... Was one genome of a, of a thing, like a brain"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1090.339,"endTime":1091.089,"body":"tumor."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1091.089,"endTime":1091.099,"body":"Gosh!"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1091.099,"endTime":1093.42,"body":"But then, by the time I'd graduated, and the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1093.42,"endTime":1095.38,"body":"students that were behind me, they would-- had to do three"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1095.38,"endTime":1099.279,"body":"genomes or four genomes to do a comparative analysis. So one"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1099.279,"endTime":1103.16,"body":"thing AI is really good at doing is pattern recognition of subtle"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1103.16,"endTime":1106.018,"body":"signals.... Why is that important? There are"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1106.728,"endTime":1110.248,"body":"huge swaths of, in fact, the majority of swaths of the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1110.248,"endTime":1113.347,"body":"human genome that are still not coding, where we don't"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1113.347,"endTime":1116.208,"body":"understand the function of what they do yet. That's where you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1116.208,"endTime":1120.167,"body":"need to do a lot of correlation and analysis, and AI is built"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1120.167,"endTime":1123.528,"body":"for that. And so discovering parts of the human genome, the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1123.528,"endTime":1126.186,"body":"function of what they do, and how they work in ways that we"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1126.186,"endTime":1129.488,"body":"have yet to decipher and interpret, that's a big area."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1129.488,"endTime":1132.847,"body":"Like, we're at the beginning of where cardiology was forty years"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1132.847,"endTime":1135.708,"body":"ago. So cardiology, forty years ago, identified every piece-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1135.708,"endTime":1135.758,"body":"Oh, okay."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1135.758,"endTime":1137.607,"body":"-every tissue, every component-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1137.607,"endTime":1137.686,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1137.686,"endTime":1141.228,"body":"... And then what it does. We know all the pieces of"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1141.228,"endTime":1144.468,"body":"the genome now, we just don't know what everything does still,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1144.468,"endTime":1147.728,"body":"and a lot of it is really sophisticated at, like, three"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1147.728,"endTime":1151.347,"body":"layers or four layers or five layers of sophistication. So"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1151.347,"endTime":1154.147,"body":"that's, an area where there's gonna be a lot of discovery,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1154.147,"endTime":1155.587,"body":"where AI is gonna be huge."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1155.587,"endTime":1157.208,"body":"That's really helpful 'cause we used to"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1157.208,"endTime":1158.567,"body":"call that junk DNA."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1158.567,"endTime":1159.488,"body":"Right!"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1159.488,"endTime":1159.708,"body":"And, mm-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1159.708,"endTime":1161.988,"body":"Yeah, that's important for the AI argument."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1161.988,"endTime":1162.008,"body":"And, and it was like-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1162.008,"endTime":1162.067,"body":"Right"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1162.067,"endTime":1164.087,"body":"... You know, when the Genome Project was first-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1164.087,"endTime":1164.208,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1164.208,"endTime":1166.968,"body":"... First came out, junk DNA constituted about"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1166.968,"endTime":1167.587,"body":"ninety percent of it."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1167.587,"endTime":1168.705,"body":"Correct."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1169.337,"endTime":1172.768,"body":"And finding out th- what the rest of our genetic"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1172.768,"endTime":1173.667,"body":"code actually does-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1173.667,"endTime":1173.897,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1173.897,"endTime":1175.228,"body":"... Super helpful."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1175.228,"endTime":1176.887,"body":"Yeah, 'cause at that time, we were looking at things"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1176.887,"endTime":1179.347,"body":"in two dimensions, really. But really, what this is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1179.347,"endTime":1182.928,"body":"multidimensional. DNA is-- has a spatial component to it. It has"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1182.928,"endTime":1186.248,"body":"a temporal component to it. This is where AI is gonna help us in"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1186.248,"endTime":1187.867,"body":"a lot of ways that's super important."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1187.867,"endTime":1189.087,"body":"So is it fair to say, before we come to your"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1189.087,"endTime":1189.708,"body":"second one-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1189.708,"endTime":1189.817,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1189.817,"endTime":1191.387,"body":"... You talked earlier, like education,"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1191.387,"endTime":1194.008,"body":"communication, in the world of healthcare-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1194.008,"endTime":1194.367,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1194.367,"endTime":1196.708,"body":"... We will probably see as much or more of"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1196.708,"endTime":1200.208,"body":"the most exciting AI advancements as anywhere. Is"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1200.208,"endTime":1200.817,"body":"that fair?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1200.817,"endTime":1203.548,"body":"I think so. 'Cause we just don't know how to think"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1203.548,"endTime":1206.008,"body":"beyond seven dimensions, eight dimensions mentally. It's, it's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1206.008,"endTime":1206.528,"body":"hard."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1206.528,"endTime":1207.428,"body":"How soon-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1207.428,"endTime":1207.748,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1207.748,"endTime":1210.127,"body":"... Do you think it will be reality that ev-- that"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1210.127,"endTime":1211.748,"body":"all of us have"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1212.258,"endTime":1215.008,"body":"our full, genetic code-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1215.008,"endTime":1215.377,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1215.377,"endTime":1215.748,"body":"... In our"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1216.327,"endTime":1217.288,"body":"primary physician's"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1217.988,"endTime":1218.607,"body":"chart?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1218.607,"endTime":1218.847,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1219.567,"endTime":1223.627,"body":"that's available now. The, the point is, we don't do it all,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1223.627,"endTime":1226.127,"body":"and the other piece is, there is an economic component to it,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1226.127,"endTime":1228.008,"body":"right? It used to cost a thousand dollars to get a whole"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1228.008,"endTime":1230.208,"body":"genome sequence at this. The costs have dropped down"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1230.208,"endTime":1233.407,"body":"tremendously, but you gotta store it, you gotta build it"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1233.407,"endTime":1237.728,"body":"out, and most physicians, who are over the age of forty-five,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1237.728,"endTime":1240.946,"body":"and I'm gonna use that 'cause I'm forty-seven, [chuckles] did"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1240.946,"endTime":1242.548,"body":"not get genomics training."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1242.548,"endTime":1243.208,"body":"Did not get trained in that."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1243.208,"endTime":1243.467,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1243.467,"endTime":1243.557,"body":"Makes sense."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1243.557,"endTime":1246.307,"body":"And so then how to use it, how to, you know,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1246.307,"endTime":1248.548,"body":"prescribe against it, that-- we still haven't"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1248.548,"endTime":1249.428,"body":"discovered a lot of that."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1250.067,"endTime":1253.688,"body":"But what we do have is, the more data we have on that, we're"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1253.688,"endTime":1256.147,"body":"gonna start learning more about the higher dimensional things,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1256.147,"endTime":1259.488,"body":"especially in really challenging neurodegenerative diseases."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1259.488,"endTime":1259.647,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1259.647,"endTime":1260.667,"body":"Okay, so give him-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1260.667,"endTime":1261.488,"body":"Your second one."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1261.488,"endTime":1261.667,"body":"Yeah. [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1261.667,"endTime":1263.127,"body":"Give him the second one that blows your mind."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1263.127,"endTime":1265.928,"body":"Yeah, yeah. Energy, right? So-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1265.928,"endTime":1266.647,"body":"Oh!"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1266.647,"endTime":1266.936,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1266.936,"endTime":1266.988,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1266.988,"endTime":1270.688,"body":"So, like, sixteen months ago, December 2022,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1271.387,"endTime":1274.847,"body":"was a really important time in physics. It was the first time"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1275.528,"endTime":1278.467,"body":"that fusion energy-- so this is when you, like,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1279.248,"endTime":1279.528,"body":"heat"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1280.208,"endTime":1283.147,"body":"molecules and smoosh them together really well,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1283.147,"endTime":1286.067,"body":"and this is what happens in the sun, actually. This is how- ..."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1286.067,"endTime":1289.758,"body":"Reactions happen in the sun. The, the National Ignition"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1289.758,"endTime":1294.147,"body":"Facility here in the US, for the first time, generated more"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1294.147,"endTime":1297.347,"body":"energy from fusion energy than the amount of energy that went"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1297.347,"endTime":1300.768,"body":"into it, one point five times more."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1301.607,"endTime":1305.667,"body":"That's really important because now... So when those molecules"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1305.667,"endTime":1309.907,"body":"came together, they released energy that then was more than"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1309.907,"endTime":1315.387,"body":"what we put into it. Like, it's been forty years since the dream"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1315.387,"endTime":1317.788,"body":"of fusion energy was first conceived. The ability"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1318.327,"endTime":1322.288,"body":"to create energy cleanly from molecules here"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1322.967,"endTime":1328.067,"body":"at ten times hotter than the sun, on Earth, in a reactor. It"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1328.067,"endTime":1330.107,"body":"lasted for seconds or half a second, but"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1330.967,"endTime":1333.307,"body":"we did it, which shows it's possible, which means"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1333.928,"endTime":1338.127,"body":"the possibility of clean energy for the future without having to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1338.127,"endTime":1340.867,"body":"build massive data centers that, you know, drain up all this"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1340.867,"endTime":1345.548,"body":"energy, and mine all over the planet, and especially in parts"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1345.548,"endTime":1348.248,"body":"of the world where they may not benefit from all that energy."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1348.946,"endTime":1351.946,"body":"This is a chance for us to do some really amazing work, and AI"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1351.946,"endTime":1353.228,"body":"is gonna help us get there."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1353.228,"endTime":1354.647,"body":"That, that's a game changer."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1354.647,"endTime":1355.347,"body":"It is."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1355.347,"endTime":1355.946,"body":"That's incredible."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1355.946,"endTime":1358.548,"body":"Physics. It's real. [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1358.548,"endTime":1360.446,"body":"That's incredible. I think the 1990s"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1360.446,"endTime":1363.508,"body":"movie with Val Kilmer, called The Saint, was about, like-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1363.508,"endTime":1363.817,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1363.817,"endTime":1366.208,"body":"... Discovering fusion, and, like, the Russians,"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1366.208,"endTime":1367.488,"body":"there's this conspiracy-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1367.488,"endTime":1367.518,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1367.518,"endTime":1369.307,"body":"... And it was gonna turn the world upside"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1369.307,"endTime":1369.827,"body":"down."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1369.827,"endTime":1370.228,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1370.228,"endTime":1372.147,"body":"It's moving from science fiction to"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1372.946,"endTime":1372.988,"body":"reality."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1372.988,"endTime":1374.258,"body":"Published reality."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1374.258,"endTime":1374.288,"body":"Is that fair?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1374.288,"endTime":1374.627,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1374.627,"endTime":1374.647,"body":"That's crazy."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1374.647,"endTime":1376.428,"body":"I mean, this is published reality, sixteen"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1376.428,"endTime":1380.147,"body":"months ago, right? And that's why all the big tech companies"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1380.147,"endTime":1382.627,"body":"who have quantum computing chips that they're investing in,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1382.627,"endTime":1386.708,"body":"Microsoft, Google- ... All have a financial stake now in energy"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1386.708,"endTime":1389.147,"body":"companies, because you need one-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1389.147,"endTime":1389.417,"body":"Interesting"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1389.417,"endTime":1390.887,"body":"... For the next, for the next."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1390.887,"endTime":1391.667,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1391.667,"endTime":1392.647,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1392.647,"endTime":1392.788,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1393.307,"endTime":1396.446,"body":"you also used the term uncomfortable AI-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1396.446,"endTime":1397.647,"body":"Yes, yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1397.647,"endTime":1400.728,"body":"... To refer to other things that-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1400.728,"endTime":1400.928,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1400.928,"endTime":1403.208,"body":"... Maybe some things that blow your mind"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1403.208,"endTime":1404.087,"body":"in a different way."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1404.087,"endTime":1405.607,"body":"Yeah. So,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1406.647,"endTime":1409.768,"body":"you know, large language models that do this amazing work"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1409.768,"endTime":1412.347,"body":"in providing answers to questions and dialogue"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1412.347,"endTime":1417.188,"body":"components, you know, where secular technology is going is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1417.188,"endTime":1421.288,"body":"because they need to satisfy geopolitical interests. Because"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1421.288,"endTime":1425.327,"body":"it's not good for business when entire countries and nations and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1425.327,"endTime":1427.667,"body":"their governments don't like you. [chuckles] That's not good"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1427.667,"endTime":1429.748,"body":"for business, 'cause then they won't let you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1431.307,"endTime":1434.228,"body":"market their product inside their countries. And so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1435.167,"endTime":1439.467,"body":"where hap-- where examples of that are, is that then,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1439.467,"endTime":1443.907,"body":"basically, you know, AI chatbots then start becoming trained to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1443.907,"endTime":1446.887,"body":"respond based on what is acceptable to a sovereign"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1446.887,"endTime":1447.428,"body":"nation's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1448.347,"endTime":1450.238,"body":"political and ideological values."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1451.387,"endTime":1454.967,"body":"What that causes then is more relativism and many"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1454.967,"endTime":1457.988,"body":"shades of gray for answers that are politically and culturally"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1457.988,"endTime":1462.367,"body":"very offensive and sensitive. And so then, what happens then"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1462.367,"endTime":1464.847,"body":"is now, on the one hand, business can respond by"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1464.847,"endTime":1468.528,"body":"essentially saying, \"Okay, we'll make one AI for this company or"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1468.528,"endTime":1472.647,"body":"one AI for this country and this subgroup of people within that,\""},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1472.647,"endTime":1476.398,"body":"'cause-... Engineers can do that. But then what it causes"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1476.398,"endTime":1480.398,"body":"then is kind of like the worst part of what we saw in judges,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1480.398,"endTime":1483.66,"body":"everyone- ... Doing right in their own eyes. Because in my"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1483.66,"endTime":1487.519,"body":"perspective, that piece of territory belongs to us, and in"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1487.519,"endTime":1490.259,"body":"your perspective, that bel- ter- piece of territory belongs to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1490.259,"endTime":1495.638,"body":"you. That then is now creating an entire ideological slant"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1495.638,"endTime":1500.559,"body":"where people can feel, or be led to feel, [chuckles] or be"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1500.559,"endTime":1504.269,"body":"encouraged or reinforced to believe in certain things, which"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1504.269,"endTime":1505.799,"body":"then gets pretty dicey."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1505.799,"endTime":1509.079,"body":"I wonder what advice you would give to just"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1509.079,"endTime":1512.638,"body":"Christians or people in general that feel like this AI train has"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1512.638,"endTime":1516.859,"body":"come so fast, and then the ethics is now downstream from"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1516.859,"endTime":1518.2,"body":"how we make sense of it."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1518.2,"endTime":1518.22,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1518.22,"endTime":1520.7,"body":"So Scott and I did a review recently of, like,"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1520.7,"endTime":1521.829,"body":"the state of the Bible-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1521.829,"endTime":1521.829,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1521.829,"endTime":1522.74,"body":"... Bible engagement."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1523.319,"endTime":1525.539,"body":"And there was a whole section on AI."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1525.539,"endTime":1525.829,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1525.829,"endTime":1528.019,"body":"And it was like, it basically concluded, if I"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1528.019,"endTime":1531.138,"body":"remember correctly, it's kind of like pastors are figuring this"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1531.138,"endTime":1533.66,"body":"out as we go. There's no standard for it."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1533.66,"endTime":1534.319,"body":"Correct."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1534.319,"endTime":1536.7,"body":"And so for me, I wanna save as much time as I"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1536.7,"endTime":1539.559,"body":"can, but when it comes to, like, writing a sermon, I teach at my-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1539.559,"endTime":1539.619,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1539.619,"endTime":1542.159,"body":"... My local church. Like, I refuse to have"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1542.159,"endTime":1546.319,"body":"it just outline and give me practical points. I wanna work"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1546.319,"endTime":1550.24,"body":"through the text, understand it myself, come up with an outline-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1550.24,"endTime":1550.25,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1550.25,"endTime":1551.92,"body":"... Come up with points. It takes more time."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1551.92,"endTime":1552.638,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1552.638,"endTime":1554.22,"body":"And I have an application. Then I go, \"All"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1554.22,"endTime":1556.319,"body":"right, are there applications for this text?\" I'm like, \"Wow,"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1556.319,"endTime":1559.079,"body":"AI just gave me one,\" once I did my work."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1559.079,"endTime":1559.74,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1559.74,"endTime":1561.48,"body":"So I'll use it to save time"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1562.4,"endTime":1563.21,"body":"for resources-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1563.21,"endTime":1563.22,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1563.22,"endTime":1565.138,"body":"... And then when I'm done, to give me"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1565.138,"endTime":1566.279,"body":"reflection upon it."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1566.279,"endTime":1567.059,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1567.059,"endTime":1569.42,"body":"Some might say that's not effective with my"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1569.42,"endTime":1571.68,"body":"time as possible, but I'm just trying to think through- ..."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1571.68,"endTime":1575.859,"body":"Ethically, the wisdom of doing this. What advice do you just"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1575.859,"endTime":1579.839,"body":"give to people when the tool is so powerful, and it can save"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1579.839,"endTime":1580.42,"body":"time-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1580.42,"endTime":1580.73,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1580.73,"endTime":1582.159,"body":"... And yet there's all the concerns that"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1582.159,"endTime":1584.72,"body":"we've talked about? Give us a few guidelines to approach that."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1584.72,"endTime":1588.619,"body":"Yeah. So one, I'm gonna say, you know, test the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1588.619,"endTime":1591.759,"body":"AI, test the technology, and make sure that it is aligning"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1591.759,"endTime":1594.48,"body":"with the principles that you care about, and use common sense"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1594.48,"endTime":1598.579,"body":"judgement. Like, we don't have to all suddenly learn how to do,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1598.579,"endTime":1602.079,"body":"[chuckles] hyperparameter tuning. But I'll give the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1602.079,"endTime":1605.98,"body":"example, right? Because, this c- same question came up at a,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1607.059,"endTime":1610.259,"body":"at a pan-faith conference, and meeting I was invited to, where"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1610.259,"endTime":1610.97,"body":"they said-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1610.97,"endTime":1612.569,"body":"Pan-faith, meaning across faith-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1612.569,"endTime":1612.569,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1612.569,"endTime":1613.599,"body":"... Like interreligious."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1613.599,"endTime":1614.048,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1614.048,"endTime":1614.099,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1614.099,"endTime":1616.74,"body":"So Judeo-Christian, and then Islamic, and then"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1616.74,"endTime":1617.96,"body":"Buddhist as well."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1617.96,"endTime":1617.98,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1617.98,"endTime":1620.799,"body":"Because when you started... We started- we did"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1620.799,"endTime":1623.559,"body":"this exercise where we posed questions specific to our"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1623.559,"endTime":1628.039,"body":"denominational beliefs, and the folks in that audience were then"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1628.039,"endTime":1632.079,"body":"taken aback when it responded in a way that... So, a Catholic"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1632.079,"endTime":1636.68,"body":"person got a response which was very Protestant, and that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1636.68,"endTime":1637.269,"body":"person-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1637.269,"endTime":1637.269,"body":"[laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1637.269,"endTime":1640.559,"body":"... Did not respond well. And, and questions about"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1640.559,"endTime":1644.2,"body":"God and the hu- and divinity of Christ did not sit well with the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1644.2,"endTime":1646.029,"body":"Islamic person as well."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1646.029,"endTime":1646.279,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1646.279,"endTime":1647.9,"body":"And so that's the example, right?"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1647.9,"endTime":1647.92,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1647.92,"endTime":1650.659,"body":"It's... You wanna check and see if this tool is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1650.659,"endTime":1652.5,"body":"going to be consistent with your own"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1653.378,"endTime":1655.659,"body":"beliefs in a way that is not gonna be"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1656.279,"endTime":1659.46,"body":"saying anything that potentially could be distracting or"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1659.46,"endTime":1660.579,"body":"concerning, right?"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1660.579,"endTime":1661.93,"body":"Okay, so before we keep going-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1661.93,"endTime":1661.93,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1661.93,"endTime":1664.289,"body":"... This, your main point is that"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1665.119,"endTime":1667.299,"body":"AI tools are not neutral."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1667.299,"endTime":1667.92,"body":"Correct."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1667.92,"endTime":1669.0,"body":"Their output-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1669.0,"endTime":1669.25,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1669.25,"endTime":1671.519,"body":"... Is still based on the input-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1671.519,"endTime":1671.638,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1671.638,"endTime":1672.68,"body":"... How it's selected."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1672.68,"endTime":1673.18,"body":"It is."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1673.18,"endTime":1674.94,"body":"What, what are some of the differences in the"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1674.94,"endTime":1678.279,"body":"kind of input that's put in there that might affect the"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1678.279,"endTime":1682.079,"body":"output differently, and how people could know to just pick"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1682.079,"endTime":1683.909,"body":"wise AI tools?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1683.909,"endTime":1685.529,"body":"So some of my Islamic colleagues"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1687.0,"endTime":1690.359,"body":"gently bemoan a little bit that when they use ChatGPT, for"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1690.359,"endTime":1693.599,"body":"example, they say, \"You know, it's really good with"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1693.599,"endTime":1697.46,"body":"Christian things.\" [laughing] \"They, they- clearly, there's a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1697.46,"endTime":1698.779,"body":"Christian bias in it.\""},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1698.779,"endTime":1699.15,"body":"Interesting."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1699.15,"endTime":1701.44,"body":"\"Uh, it doesn't respond as accurately for things"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1701.44,"endTime":1704.619,"body":"that are Islamic in nature.\" And the reason is because if you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1704.619,"endTime":1707.299,"body":"think about a large part of English language corpus, you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1707.299,"endTime":1709.039,"body":"know, how are these things trained? They read all of"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1709.039,"endTime":1710.779,"body":"Wikipedia. They read all of this thing."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1710.779,"endTime":1710.828,"body":"That makes sense."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1710.828,"endTime":1711.619,"body":"They read all of this thing."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1712.659,"endTime":1715.299,"body":"It's not written in Arabic, it's written in English, and so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1715.819,"endTime":1718.299,"body":"there is a, there is an English-centric bias, number"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1718.299,"endTime":1722.0,"body":"one. And because theologians in the Western"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1722.559,"endTime":1724.878,"body":"civilization have been wrin- writing"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1726.039,"endTime":1730.0,"body":"tomes in English for, since antiquity, there is a depth"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1730.0,"endTime":1730.739,"body":"there."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1730.739,"endTime":1731.298,"body":"That makes sense."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1731.298,"endTime":1731.798,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1731.798,"endTime":1732.579,"body":"That's fair enough."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1732.579,"endTime":1732.858,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1732.858,"endTime":1734.019,"body":"What, what is your"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1734.599,"endTime":1737.42,"body":"level of optimism, say, on a scale of one to 10-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1737.42,"endTime":1737.579,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1738.44,"endTime":1742.7,"body":"... That regulation is gonna help put up guardrails"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1742.7,"endTime":1744.42,"body":"to prevent abuses-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1744.42,"endTime":1744.599,"body":"Okay"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1744.599,"endTime":1745.519,"body":"... On this?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1745.519,"endTime":1748.92,"body":"Not good. I'm gonna say something like four on"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1748.92,"endTime":1750.589,"body":"some days, and six on other days."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1750.589,"endTime":1750.599,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1750.599,"endTime":1753.619,"body":"And the reason I'm, I'm saying it that way is, yes,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1753.619,"endTime":1756.4,"body":"some days I am an AI cheerleader, other days I'm an"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1756.4,"endTime":1757.138,"body":"AI critic."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1758.039,"endTime":1759.99,"body":"Yeah, I'm a little schizophrenic. [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1760.599,"endTime":1761.029,"body":"and the reason-"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1761.029,"endTime":1761.4,"body":"It's understandable."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1761.4,"endTime":1762.929,"body":"Yeah, and the reason for that is because,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1763.559,"endTime":1766.039,"body":"because I know what the technology can do, and the fact"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1766.039,"endTime":1769.099,"body":"that, folks who are being mindful and on the ethical,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1769.099,"endTime":1771.779,"body":"regulatory side, they don't speak our language. They're"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1771.779,"endTime":1773.679,"body":"usually not technical to begin with. So then"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1774.519,"endTime":1778.96,"body":"sometimes they put a mallet when a scalpel is needed, right? Flip"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1778.96,"endTime":1782.44,"body":"side, because I know that innovation is driven by market"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1782.44,"endTime":1786.279,"body":"forces that respond to quarterlies on Wall Street, and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1786.279,"endTime":1789.48,"body":"that you need to keep producing, it's never a question of, you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1789.48,"endTime":1791.039,"body":"know, \"What have you done for me?\" It's, \"What have you done"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1791.039,"endTime":1794.659,"body":"for me today?\" And so there is that need for the innovation to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1794.659,"endTime":1797.109,"body":"keep pushing, that it'll always be,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1797.659,"endTime":1800.179,"body":"a ge- a game of ca- catch up. And"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1800.179,"endTime":1802.359,"body":"So the question might actually not be, what,"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1802.359,"endTime":1803.96,"body":"what are you doing for society?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1803.96,"endTime":1807.88,"body":"Right. I think the question would be, [lips smack]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1807.88,"endTime":1810.059,"body":"what can you do for the society"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1810.619,"endTime":1815.119,"body":"that is universally valuable and helpful, i.e., satisfying the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1815.119,"endTime":1818.339,"body":"demands of the economy, but then also in ways"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1818.9,"endTime":1819.638,"body":"that are"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1820.859,"endTime":1821.779,"body":"irrefutably"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1822.599,"endTime":1828.179,"body":"useful for people?... When you think in terms of that vector,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1828.179,"endTime":1831.099,"body":"then you can start answering and thinking, \"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1831.619,"endTime":1832.648,"body":"ways to,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1833.259,"endTime":1835.898,"body":"better diagnose, you know, an occult disease, that's"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1835.898,"endTime":1839.079,"body":"important.\" Better- being able to write better, you know,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1839.079,"endTime":1842.0,"body":"grammar assistance, and inspiration, and ideas, or"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1842.0,"endTime":1845.089,"body":"copyright checking and saying, \"Hey, this is a great idea I"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1845.089,"endTime":1848.439,"body":"have for a story. Am I, ... Did somebody do this before?\" You"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1848.439,"endTime":1850.659,"body":"know, checking for things like that. Actually using it as the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1850.659,"endTime":1852.689,"body":"tool to, help us,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1853.699,"endTime":1857.318,"body":"be ethical. That's a tremendous area, I think. And so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1858.019,"endTime":1862.24,"body":"as far as, regulatory bodies being able to develop on that,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1862.24,"endTime":1865.599,"body":"Europe is always a little bit more intentional than the US is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1865.599,"endTime":1867.659,"body":"when it comes to, those pieces."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1868.378,"endTime":1872.339,"body":"I think they set some really great ideas. And then overall,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1872.339,"endTime":1876.0,"body":"allowing for as many voices to be into that space and give as"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1876.0,"endTime":1876.839,"body":"many, you know,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1877.539,"endTime":1879.299,"body":"bespoke use cases and examples"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1879.939,"endTime":1882.199,"body":"and comment, that's gonna be helpful."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1882.199,"endTime":1882.898,"body":"At present-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1882.898,"endTime":1882.909,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1882.909,"endTime":1885.779,"body":"... Would you say it's, the regulatory environment"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1885.779,"endTime":1887.539,"body":"is still a bit of the Wild West?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1888.559,"endTime":1889.489,"body":"I would say it's-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1889.489,"endTime":1890.279,"body":"Or is that too strong?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1890.279,"endTime":1892.239,"body":"Yeah, I think that's too strong. I think we're gonna"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1892.239,"endTime":1895.159,"body":"be in this uncomfortable adolescence for a little while."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1895.159,"endTime":1897.619,"body":"[chuckles] We'll overreact in some places, underreact in some"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1897.619,"endTime":1901.939,"body":"places, and then we'll start to get to a steady state. But the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1901.939,"endTime":1906.059,"body":"fact that we have these bodies is actually deeply comforting to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1906.059,"endTime":1907.579,"body":"me. We just need"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1908.719,"endTime":1910.839,"body":"not only the financial incentive, but then also the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1910.839,"endTime":1912.579,"body":"technol- technical,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1913.48,"endTime":1917.039,"body":"room and encouragement to have these conversations with"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1917.039,"endTime":1922.059,"body":"regulatory bodies that are not going to, again, slam doors and,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1922.059,"endTime":1926.159,"body":"you know, use giant, you know, Whac-A-Mole approaches."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1926.779,"endTime":1929.239,"body":"We need-- This is a, this is a place for discernment and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1929.239,"endTime":1930.099,"body":"subtlety."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1930.099,"endTime":1932.398,"body":"In some ways, Gen Z has kind of been the"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1932.398,"endTime":1934.159,"body":"social media generation-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1934.159,"endTime":1934.378,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1934.378,"endTime":1938.309,"body":"... Born, like, 1997 to about 2010 or 2012."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1938.959,"endTime":1941.699,"body":"So when social media hits in the early 2000s, they're just kind"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1941.699,"endTime":1944.159,"body":"of eight, 10, 12 years old-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1944.159,"endTime":1944.169,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1944.169,"endTime":1947.299,"body":"... Able to use social media. Now, 12, 15 years"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1947.299,"endTime":1951.319,"body":"later, we're going, \"Oh, that was not such a great social"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1951.319,"endTime":1952.189,"body":"experiment on-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1952.189,"endTime":1952.189,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1952.189,"endTime":1953.659,"body":"... Relationships, and the brain-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1953.659,"endTime":1953.739,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1953.739,"endTime":1955.118,"body":"... And depression.\" It's like schools"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1955.118,"endTime":1957.539,"body":"are catching up, going, \"Maybe we should have tech-free-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1957.539,"endTime":1957.859,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1957.859,"endTime":1958.599,"body":"... Spaces.\""},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1958.599,"endTime":1959.119,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1959.119,"endTime":1961.068,"body":"I realize this is an impossible question- ..."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1961.068,"endTime":1964.719,"body":"But in many ways, I'll say Gen Z is the social media generation."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1964.719,"endTime":1968.069,"body":"Gen Alpha is the artificial intelligence generation."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1968.069,"endTime":1968.079,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1968.079,"endTime":1971.019,"body":"What will define them, probably more than"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1971.019,"endTime":1975.599,"body":"anything, is being raised when AI is just prevalent-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1975.599,"endTime":1975.609,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1975.609,"endTime":1978.439,"body":"... Everywhere. Any sense of, like, the red"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1978.439,"endTime":1982.319,"body":"flags we should look for or sense of how this might affect"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1982.319,"endTime":1984.459,"body":"this generation? I know it's impossible [chuckles] to"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1984.459,"endTime":1985.0,"body":"predict."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1985.0,"endTime":1985.359,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1985.359,"endTime":1987.219,"body":"Where it's like five and 10 years, we look back"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1987.219,"endTime":1988.919,"body":"and just say, \"Gosh, we should have"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1989.459,"endTime":1992.219,"body":"anticipated and seen this coming,\" or is it moving so fast"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1992.219,"endTime":1994.398,"body":"that we literally just can't even know?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1994.398,"endTime":1994.539,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1994.539,"endTime":1996.719,"body":"It's impossible to predict, but that's exactly what"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":1996.719,"endTime":1997.48,"body":"we're asking you to do."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":1997.48,"endTime":1998.839,"body":"No. Yeah, no, [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":1998.839,"endTime":2000.75,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2000.75,"endTime":2003.699,"body":"So let me start with this one. On the one hand, I"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2003.699,"endTime":2008.019,"body":"feel like we need to double down on common sense, like actually"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2008.019,"endTime":2010.98,"body":"teaching our children what common sense is. And the reason"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2010.98,"endTime":2011.799,"body":"for that is because"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2012.579,"endTime":2015.119,"body":"s- they have such a disembodied experience, you know, on a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2015.119,"endTime":2015.789,"body":"circle-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2015.789,"endTime":2015.789,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2015.789,"endTime":2018.98,"body":"... Like on a phone, on a TV- ... On a dialogue, on a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2018.98,"endTime":2020.779,"body":"podcast, et cetera. So"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2021.339,"endTime":2021.579,"body":"us"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2022.299,"endTime":2027.319,"body":"sharing stories, sharing common sense again, grounds"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2027.839,"endTime":2031.839,"body":"people because it's concrete, you know? So us sharing the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2031.839,"endTime":2034.638,"body":"stories of our parents, of our grandparents, and sharing,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2034.638,"endTime":2036.599,"body":"sharing the stories of ourselves, especially the s- the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2036.599,"endTime":2040.398,"body":"failure stories that we have, that brings an embodied piece to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2040.398,"endTime":2044.239,"body":"it so that it gives students and children an anchoring of what is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2044.239,"endTime":2046.719,"body":"real and not real. I think that's one piece. The second"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2046.719,"endTime":2047.919,"body":"piece to it is,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2048.679,"endTime":2051.338,"body":"you know, I talked about objective measures, right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2052.759,"endTime":2056.318,"body":"Why I came to Biola so that we could double down on building"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2056.318,"endTime":2057.679,"body":"the confidence of students,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2058.44,"endTime":2061.259,"body":"and one of the ways that we build confidence of students is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2061.259,"endTime":2065.059,"body":"by teaching them how to discover. And the way to do that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2065.059,"endTime":2068.739,"body":"is doubling down on critical reasoning, symbolic reasoning,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2069.259,"endTime":2070.9,"body":"algorithmic thinking, and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2071.639,"endTime":2074.98,"body":"frankly, it's like exegesis and hermeneutics, like helping ..."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2074.98,"endTime":2077.46,"body":"You know, the Bible has this amazing self-referential"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2077.46,"endTime":2082.378,"body":"integrity, so does science. You run the experiment again, you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2082.378,"endTime":2085.0,"body":"change the experiment, you run it again, and you see the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2085.0,"endTime":2088.34,"body":"answers come out over, and over, and over again. That empirical"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2088.34,"endTime":2091.798,"body":"observational reasoning, when you double down on that, it"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2091.798,"endTime":2094.818,"body":"helps a grounding for us to know, is this real? Is it not"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2094.818,"endTime":2095.528,"body":"real? Is this"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2096.099,"endTime":2099.119,"body":"static? Is this dynamic? Is this an opinion, or is this actual"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2099.119,"endTime":2101.179,"body":"observable fact, right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2101.98,"endTime":2104.519,"body":"Doubling down on those things, like the common sense piece, the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2104.519,"endTime":2107.278,"body":"embodied piece, and then doubling down on critical"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2107.278,"endTime":2109.699,"body":"reasoning, and algorithmic thinking, and systematic"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2109.699,"endTime":2113.739,"body":"evaluation, which comes, again, back to math and physics. You"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2113.739,"endTime":2118.019,"body":"know, those two areas are the best at it. We can teach"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2118.019,"endTime":2120.92,"body":"students how to discover, and when they discover,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2121.679,"endTime":2125.579,"body":"beauty. And here's this amazing thing about math- math, when"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2125.579,"endTime":2128.09,"body":"done really well, and it's capturing and discovering"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2128.09,"endTime":2132.039,"body":"something truly informative, it's actually beautiful. The"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2132.039,"endTime":2137.44,"body":"equations have a symmetry or a beauty to them that you just are"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2137.44,"endTime":2137.889,"body":"struck,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2138.519,"endTime":2141.798,"body":"and you are convinced, \"Oh, my gosh, this is real!\" We need to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2141.798,"endTime":2144.9,"body":"teach students how to do that. When we do that, it's gonna"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2144.9,"endTime":2149.0,"body":"harden their discernment of what is good, what is wheat, what is"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2149.0,"endTime":2151.079,"body":"chaff, what is good, what is not."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2151.079,"endTime":2152.858,"body":"And what's so interesting about that is you're"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2152.858,"endTime":2154.38,"body":"talking about effort."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2154.38,"endTime":2154.88,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2154.88,"endTime":2157.88,"body":"And so there's a joy that comes from a discovery-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2157.88,"endTime":2157.929,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2157.929,"endTime":2158.88,"body":"... And seeing the beauty"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2159.559,"endTime":2161.239,"body":"when you've put the work in-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2161.239,"endTime":2161.739,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2161.739,"endTime":2163.699,"body":"... Which gets short-circuited-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2163.699,"endTime":2163.94,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2163.94,"endTime":2166.298,"body":"... By AI when I can just pull it up."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2166.298,"endTime":2167.0,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2167.0,"endTime":2168.21,"body":"So there's always-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2168.21,"endTime":2168.21,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2168.21,"endTime":2169.17,"body":"... Been temptations."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2169.17,"endTime":2169.179,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2169.179,"endTime":2170.548,"body":"This is what technology does-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2170.548,"endTime":2170.548,"body":"Correct"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2170.548,"endTime":2172.579,"body":"... Is it's quicker from A to B in a car."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2172.579,"endTime":2173.298,"body":"That's not bad."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2173.298,"endTime":2173.699,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2173.699,"endTime":2176.278,"body":"But when we start short-circuiting human"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2176.278,"endTime":2177.039,"body":"processes-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2177.039,"endTime":2177.278,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2177.278,"endTime":2179.96,"body":"... Then we miss out on the joy on the other"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2179.96,"endTime":2180.38,"body":"side."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2180.38,"endTime":2180.619,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2181.179,"endTime":2183.98,"body":"That could be a loss that we reflect back on and"},{"speaker":"Sean McDowell","startTime":2183.98,"endTime":2187.083,"body":"see in greater ways than we even anticipate right now."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2187.083,"endTime":2188.943,"body":"... Some of the greatest moments of my life, you"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2188.943,"endTime":2191.764,"body":"know, have been when I discovered something and when"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2191.764,"endTime":2195.143,"body":"the math made sense. There was a linear algebra class I was in a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2195.143,"endTime":2198.182,"body":"long time ago by this professor at UCLA, that's where I did my"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2198.182,"endTime":2203.182,"body":"undergrad and PhD, where he showed on the board the equation"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2203.182,"endTime":2207.123,"body":"and then the graph of what deeply I hoped and envisioned"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2207.123,"endTime":2212.583,"body":"was possible- ... As a student. I saw the math exemplify what I"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2212.583,"endTime":2217.304,"body":"deeply thought could be, should be, I want to find this, and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2217.304,"endTime":2220.103,"body":"that moment was one of the key moments of my life, academically"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2220.103,"endTime":2220.773,"body":"and spiritually."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2220.773,"endTime":2221.603,"body":"Wow! That's wonderful. Wow."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2221.603,"endTime":2224.264,"body":"I felt like I was touching the face of God, right?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2224.264,"endTime":2225.764,"body":"I want every student to have that feeling."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2225.764,"endTime":2226.202,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2226.202,"endTime":2228.844,"body":"That feeling when they won- ... When they put in a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2228.844,"endTime":2232.423,"body":"tremendous amount of work, got that discovery, got that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2232.423,"endTime":2235.202,"body":"product, got that code to work, got that machine to work, got"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2235.202,"endTime":2237.903,"body":"that lever to work, got that turbine to work, where they"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2237.903,"endTime":2239.793,"body":"realized, \"Oh, my gosh, I did it.\""},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2240.324,"endTime":2244.123,"body":"Because that is a highly and hugely affirming moment, and"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2244.123,"endTime":2246.623,"body":"when you're doing it to something that is gonna help"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2246.623,"endTime":2250.423,"body":"people and save the world and help others, you feel like"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2251.264,"endTime":2253.222,"body":"you've done your service, you've, you've made your"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2253.222,"endTime":2256.103,"body":"contribution to society, that you are a good and faithful"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2256.103,"endTime":2256.543,"body":"servant."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2256.543,"endTime":2257.563,"body":"You feel alive."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2257.563,"endTime":2258.123,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2258.123,"endTime":2258.134,"body":"That's exactly right."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2258.134,"endTime":2260.264,"body":"It is the most exhilarating feeling-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2260.264,"endTime":2260.273,"body":"I love that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2260.273,"endTime":2261.693,"body":"... Along with getting married, having children"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2261.693,"endTime":2262.744,"body":"[laughing] and, you know-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2262.744,"endTime":2264.173,"body":"Of course, of course."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2264.173,"endTime":2266.384,"body":"Right, it... And because, all of it together-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2266.384,"endTime":2266.603,"body":"Huh."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2266.603,"endTime":2267.324,"body":"Right? Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2267.324,"endTime":2268.864,"body":"I'd say that's, yeah, and I'd say that's part of"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2268.864,"endTime":2269.844,"body":"your service to Christ- Well said."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2269.844,"endTime":2270.483,"body":"Yeah, exactly"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2270.483,"endTime":2271.094,"body":"... As well."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2271.094,"endTime":2271.123,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2271.123,"endTime":2272.733,"body":"Can I ask him one final question? Yeah. Say it."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2272.733,"endTime":2273.253,"body":"Please, wrap it up."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2273.253,"endTime":2276.083,"body":"'Cause one of the things we had talked about,"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2276.083,"endTime":2276.523,"body":"before-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2276.523,"endTime":2276.574,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2276.574,"endTime":2278.784,"body":"... You came on the air here, is that your goal"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2279.403,"endTime":2282.563,"body":"is to turn Biola into a Christian Caltech."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2282.563,"endTime":2283.403,"body":"Yeah. [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2283.403,"endTime":2286.563,"body":"What, what encourages you at present in"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2286.563,"endTime":2287.643,"body":"pursuit of that goal?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2287.643,"endTime":2290.284,"body":"Yeah. One, we have these beautiful, amazing"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2290.284,"endTime":2293.123,"body":"students. They're just amazing. We have world-class faculty"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2293.123,"endTime":2296.023,"body":"here. You know, there was a very large government"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2296.023,"endTime":2298.702,"body":"grant organization that when they reviewed one of our grants,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2298.702,"endTime":2300.623,"body":"they said, \"Oh, my gosh, you're like one of the best-kept"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2300.623,"endTime":2301.903,"body":"secrets in Southern California.\""},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2301.903,"endTime":2302.173,"body":"Really?"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2302.173,"endTime":2303.824,"body":"\"We didn't know you existed.\" They're like- \"How"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2303.824,"endTime":2305.844,"body":"come we're just finding out about you now?\" And I said,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2305.844,"endTime":2308.264,"body":"\"Well, 'cause we didn't ask for government grants before.\""},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2308.264,"endTime":2309.384,"body":"[laughing] You know?"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2309.384,"endTime":2310.123,"body":"That's true."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2310.123,"endTime":2312.523,"body":"It was 'cause of COVID that we had to. And so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2313.123,"endTime":2317.103,"body":"one... I'll tell a story about two wonderful students, Bethany"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2317.103,"endTime":2320.702,"body":"and Ryan. They, they came in as freshmen last year. They did a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2320.702,"endTime":2322.751,"body":"summer engineering internship with us this summer"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2323.264,"endTime":2327.202,"body":"with some of our beautiful faculty, who taught them the"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2327.202,"endTime":2331.663,"body":"beauty of math. And so they actually extended work upon a"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2331.663,"endTime":2335.693,"body":"original math problem from 60 years ago. They submitted it to"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2335.693,"endTime":2338.563,"body":"a competitive conference in Washington, D.C. It got"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2338.563,"endTime":2341.893,"body":"accepted. They went, they traveled, they presented there,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2341.893,"endTime":2345.182,"body":"and actually got the gold medal for an original math-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2345.182,"endTime":2345.603,"body":"That's fantastic"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2345.603,"endTime":2347.764,"body":"... Project. It's called the stable marriage"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2347.764,"endTime":2351.023,"body":"problem, and they added onto it's called a hill-climbing"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2351.023,"endTime":2353.903,"body":"component, which is useful for math and physics and robotics,"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2354.702,"endTime":2357.344,"body":"and they beat Harvard, right? [laughing] And"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2358.643,"endTime":2365.043,"body":"these are sophomores. And we saw at our science fair, symposium"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2365.043,"endTime":2367.724,"body":"poster session last summer, I looked across the room, and I"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2367.724,"endTime":2370.384,"body":"just said- \"Oh, my gosh, there is a lot of work in here that"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2370.384,"endTime":2372.403,"body":"with just a little bit more effort, and a little bit more"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2372.403,"endTime":2375.963,"body":"focus, and a little bit more support, is publication worthy.\""},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2375.963,"endTime":2376.364,"body":"And so"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2378.063,"endTime":2380.233,"body":"I think this is our time. This is our time-"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2380.233,"endTime":2380.963,"body":"That's so great"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2380.963,"endTime":2384.364,"body":"... To shine, to share the love of God, to have"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2384.364,"endTime":2387.663,"body":"fun. This is a sizzling opportunity space right now for"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2387.663,"endTime":2392.242,"body":"math and physics and AI right now. It just is. And these"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2392.242,"endTime":2394.423,"body":"students that you're talking about, who are, you know, are"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2394.423,"endTime":2397.943,"body":"Gen Alpha, they're gonna be our leaders of the future. We need"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2397.943,"endTime":2401.824,"body":"to equip these leaders and give them the runway to do amazing"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2401.824,"endTime":2402.643,"body":"things."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2402.643,"endTime":2404.663,"body":"What a, what a great note to end on. I feel like"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2404.663,"endTime":2406.784,"body":"this conversation could go on for- [laughing]"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2406.784,"endTime":2406.793,"body":"I agree"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2406.793,"endTime":2408.903,"body":"... At least another, at least another half"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2408.903,"endTime":2409.724,"body":"hour to an hour."},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2409.724,"endTime":2410.182,"body":"I agree."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2410.182,"endTime":2412.083,"body":"So we will definitely, Johan, have you back"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2412.083,"endTime":2412.983,"body":"on with us, and-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2412.983,"endTime":2413.284,"body":"Thank you"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2413.284,"endTime":2414.963,"body":"... There's a lot more to explore here. So"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2415.583,"endTime":2420.143,"body":"we are so grateful for your work here at Biola, your role as"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2420.143,"endTime":2424.364,"body":"Associate Dean for Technology, which covers a lot of, a lot of"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2424.364,"endTime":2425.202,"body":"territory."},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2425.943,"endTime":2430.063,"body":"And our prayers for you and for your students,"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2430.063,"endTime":2432.663,"body":"that they do the good work that honors the Lord-"},{"speaker":"Yohan Lee","startTime":2432.663,"endTime":2432.963,"body":"Thank you"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2432.963,"endTime":2435.364,"body":"... In the, in the years to come. So we hope"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2435.364,"endTime":2438.884,"body":"you enjoyed this, we, our time with, Dr. Johan Lee. We'll see"},{"speaker":"Scott Rae","startTime":2438.884,"endTime":2446.963,"body":"you next time. [upbeat music]"}]}