Why Kids Need More Freedom – Peter Gray on Play, Education & Mental Health

In this episode, Peter Gray, evolutionary psychologist and author of Free to Learn, breaks down why modern childhood is failing kids—and what we can do about it. From skyrocketing anxiety and depression to the decline of free play and autonomy, Peter explains how overstructured education, constant adult supervision, and a lack of independence are harming children’s mental health and ability to thrive.

Drawing insights from hunter-gatherer societies, historical childhood norms, and psychological research, he challenges the conventional school system and argues for more self-directed learning, risk-taking, and real-world problem-solving. If you’ve ever wondered why kids today seem more anxious, less resilient, and struggling with basic life skills, this conversation is a must-listen.

I write a weekly newsletter about kids today. Find it and more at https://jackschott.com/

Listen on Spotify | Apple Music

Chapters

• 0:00 Introduction to Peter Gray
• 1:30 Why Focus on Children’s Freedom & Autonomy?
• 5:51 What is Evolutionary Psychology?
• 8:58 Lessons from Hunter-Gatherer Societies
• 18:21 How Childhood Has Changed Over Time
• 24:56 Self-Determination Theory & Mental Health
• 34:19 Technology & Screens: Tool or Poisonous Mushroom?
• 44:52 The Real Cause of Rising Anxiety & Depression (Hint: It’s Not Phones)
• 54:20 What is School For? What Should Education Look Like?
• 1:02:59 A Model for Self-Directed Education – Sudbury Valley School
• 1:14:54 Curiosity & Play as the Foundation of Learning
• 1:32:52 Summer Camp as a Model for Ideal Learning
• 1:34:22 Final Thoughts & Where to Learn More